Full text of Records of the Women's Bureau, Record Group 86 : Occupations (List of), Box 2, Folder 13

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Ocr   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  T  c-T or)  weight may as , taking the country as a whole, proper recognition and in each case be given ed the listed industry to whit* though the supply of their product is ample to far as practicable allies and of the civilian population, accord of Class 2, ance . import e belong the to they relativ cont and all demands. there would be hopeless conflic 4. "The preferenoe list is made up of la- meet " No distinction has been made be- Class 3, anti Class fusion. The unprecedented expansion of dustries and Plants which in the publie shall not such as listed plant plants the or "Each ies of industr any of the the armies and of the navy to preferenno site later than the 15th of each month file Emer- interest are deemed entitled ion . United States, the creation of the of these within any one class, and in which ies inclus The ent. Priorit the of ary treatm hal Secret the with in order the nificance attaches to gency Fleet Corporation to engage industries and plants on this list doed within Board, Washington, D. C., a report on shipbuilding on an extraordinary scale, not operate as an embargo against all industries and plants are listed of which (a supply 3 No. L. Form P. allies any class. and the demands made by our others, but the effect is to defer the red will be furnished on application) cover"The industries and plants groupeof for munitions, material, equipment, fuel, quirementi: of all other industries and ing its activities during the preceding change 1 are only such as are Class abrupt e under feeds-th those and of foods, ements requir the plants until connection month. Any plant failing to file such from a peace to a war basis-have all on the preference list shall have beta exceptional importance in war. Their report will be dropped from the prefer3. n with the prosecution of the Continued from Page 1, Colneni combined to create abnormal industrial satisfied. satisfied in ence list. cond lions in the United States to list Indus- , requirements must be fully this of ation compil the In "Priorities in the supply and distribu" remain g same, ac- • preference to those of the three regulate which the law of Supply and gaged principally In manufacturin tion of raw materials, semi-finished ap_ tries and plants have been divided int° ing classes. Class 3. and other economic laws ance d deman import e relativ their ally g to d princip and cordin ts, and finished products shall be ries engage produc "Requirements of indust EXPLOSIVES-Plants plicable to normal conditions are *holly for military and four classes, viz.: Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, governed by Circular 4, issued by the in manufacturing same The administration of pre- Class 3, and Class 4. In determining, plants grouped under Class 1,ence uate. Govern inadeq States United over ies Division of the War Industhe for Priorit s have preced naval purpose cultism is calculated to bring order out such relative importance consideration: and Class 4 shalling ment and. the Allies, Clasoi 1.not on the preference tries Board under date of July 1, 1918, otherwise an evenly and weight have been given not solely those not appear e to and deseie of chaos Plants, . all SIVES amendments and supplements classes and EXPLO n these three ally in balanced industrial program to meet the to any one, but to all of the following. list. As betwee classified or listed, engageda.princip complete or thereto or substitutes therefor. of the military program, factors: (1) The intrinsic importaneeti however, there shall be nodivisio ements requir 'principally' as used in iaanuft inuring acme, Class term into n "The ence. The engaged ::.- 1I'LENICNTS-Plants tural and at the same time supply the essen- of the product itself for use during the absolute prefer FARM esenting listing industries shall be construed to img agricul bst: classes is for the purpose of guished from ed distin (as measur as ements y, princifIalb- In manufacturin requir tial urgenc the and whose output is not less ime plants ent, mean war, of the dernand or of the use tif a composite pioture of the relativ plements and 'farm operating equipm Baruch Explains List. the niere wants or desires) of the civilian time, than 75 per cent, of the products menportance of the industries and plants tood itt unders Class 4. necess is it the .Now that (2) ation put: prebe popul to is in not it is ally It tioned. embraced within each group. In connection with the list Mr. Baruch that priority and reference cannot be which FEED-Plants engaged prinelp livestock for maintaining or stimulating and fn. intended that the requirements of Class "This preference list shall be amendparing or manufacturing feed for issued this statement: Purchased, the tendency is to assume creasing the total quantity of pro- 2 ed before supply- ed or revised from time to time by acsatisfi fully be and poultry, C1,s I. shall fled ries of now indust is largely list It ence s l level. d princi"The prefer more nearly the norma duction, which in turn depend requirements of Class 3, tion of the Priorities Board to meet FERRO ALLOYS-Plants engage e, ferro-man- plants compiled by the Priorities Diyis- the public, interest rather than the dol- upon the relation of the supply to the ing any of theof The Priorities pally in producing term-chrom Class 3 shall be fully changing conditions. ferro-silicon, ion of the War Industries Board is We- lars of the purchaser that determines demand for essential uses: (3) th e pros or that those the direction terro-mo:ybuenuni, va.neae, supplying any of those Commissioner shall, under before ed satisfi ferro-vana- with presented. This list if.> the master precedence in production and delivery. anium, ry the . erro-ur of ty indust f of the Priorial en, capaci the approv gst the of n tun with and portio of I errokey governing the flow of basic insetsonal classes of ated with the promul- or plant which is devoted fo the pro-',of Class 4. y additi associ certify Closel diurn, and ferro-ziroonlum, Classd 2. " Board, ties ally trial elements to the industries essential gation of this new preference list by duction of the essential product. FERTILIZERS-llama engage princip Basta for Rationing. industries, and also certify additional 4. war program. It supersedes a 11 the War Industries Board is the great In producing saina.Class engage operations as a war meas; principally to the us does, however, in- plants whosethem Deciding Priority. ication of d classif every listing. "The Metho in previo FIRE 13RICK-Pla.nts, t_t;=_sd 4d vation to preference treatconser for ity ure entitle necess !I In iiit.ilioacturiug sat... d principally in pro"It is the basis for industrial exemp- possible way of men, material, transindustries and plants ment, which industries and plants when the only that not tt3-1 dicate tive impera is it Where " eneage may be regal:sl and FOODS-Plants draft, the to go from that tion es reenergi be automatically inall and shall ely more ed ing, ion, so certifi preserv ate and increas grouped in Class 2 are relativ ills- portat ducing, milling, refilling, storing ence list." States with all its maintain but to stimul food for ed as the governing factor in the d important than those in Class 3, and cluded in the prefer ies, Ma- placing the United frigerating, wholesaling or-raced deman , facilit mal capital labor, abnor of at on the men satisfy its tributi to within tion behind ces produc resour power and human consumption, em c, rea,s no cereal teriel, transportation, and fuel. 3 are relatively more It is created by war requirements a hi war. Class in the g those Alt in winnin that on: front or 011 scrtpti the Oas cl, ng d followi though tl ng poultry, fish, "The Priorities Division has groupe in Class 4. It will necessary now more than ever, to save rating is necessary,ofeven products, meats, includi glucose, but- major industries according to their rela- to the product ma important than those demand intrinsic importance that so ce sacrifi of point the the vegetaisiee, fruit, sugar, syrups, ying , often happen that after satisf cream, lard, lard tiVe importance into four great class's enabling supply be less than that of other product ter, eggs, cheese, milk and and due t requirements of Class 1 the remaining other substi- consideration being given in this trot: p- may be held to the bone, e." placed in a lower classification compounds, oleomargarine oth vegetable oils, ing to these factors: (1) Intrinsic impor- to go as far as possibl such of lard, or supply the ent butter that statem this fact list for the retax a foreword to the ble supply will be less than the available , soda, and th -availa of the product for use during the isInmade: beans, salt, coffee, baking powder products equals the demand withoutit refrigeration, tance aggregate requirements of the other Where y. priorit the war and the urgency; (2) necessity for high upon of us 'Yeast, I, also ammonia for placed stimul "The President has sthree classes, in which event such supof maintenance or stimulating anu inereli class industries Industries Board necessary to speed the production d principally in pro- ing par ply will be rationed to the a of production' 43) Chairman of the War ty at ed quanti requir t total and the FOODS-Plants engageng, produc ining lar determ for preserv particu refining, the responsibility plants embraced within those and tion of the capacity of the India:- administering all priorities in production ticular time to carry into effect an 1 ducing, milling, prepari propor for such human basis for a food ining determ In storing s. of or y is classe d to the productiol ing, refrigeratingotherwi portant program a high priorit se specifically listed, try or plant devote and delivery. rationing the relative importance of consuamtion not ng confec- essential products. Each industry ,or ing to n of the relative given, although changing conditions may produci accord inatio plant, determ plants and ry "The rn indust herefro Excepting demand a re each chewing gum, plant is given a class number. importance of all industries and plants thereafter suggest and rating, must be considered. It tionery, soft drinks, and e E B. Parker, Chairman of for both production and delivery by a. classification. Certa,in plants produce its class "Judg preto e ticabl Imprac found been Class 3. s engaged prin- the Prioritiee Division, states the deter- single agency renders it possible to rea- commodities of great relative import, has FOOD CONTAINERS-Plant of e liscribe for rationing purposes any gencturing same, Class d4. prin- mination of the relative importancepais- eonably maintain a well-balanced pro- ance, but at the same time produc eral and uniform rule or formula, but cipally in manufa l factors other enrem^ditt`a3 ; 1ro1l)-1'laitt5 engage industries and plants for both - t.‘til-,.-4 l ; , gram with respect to the severa - FOUNDI-t1E,6-(manufacture of grey iron and all he Priorities Board will from time to duction and delivery b a single agency tion, which include portance, and under such circumstance! !me, cipally In the after conference, and in co-opera4. rendere it entering into produc Class oard; s, or, the ries to casting supply Indust given War fuel is iron the (b) weight le ies, facilit malleeb eration and each of the several Governs engaged principally possible to maintain a well-balaneed (a) plant (c) supply of consid of production between the more ion with both. or , GUNS-(Large)-Plantfor c energy States electri United the pental agencies charged with the disseveral ticsame the to t (d) ities. ts, respec commod d with produc am ant finishe progr and al import in manufacturing the important less Allies, Class I. tribution thereof, determine particular which in- raw materi Government ,nd labor, and (e) transportation by rail,' Instances occasionally arise where indiinstitutions and tors entering into production, irinciples, values, and methods of apso Withence HOSPITALS-See public) ise. prefer otherw or eludes, among other things, plant fadiligis'en lines, are pipe s_ water, vidual plants on which may be followed in altobuildings. manu- ties, fuel supply or electrical energy, 1 eaking generally-pro- long as they are rendering and so long ?licati in these-sp ally of all princip out d fuel, power, transportation, and engage dating t all of withou ICE-Plants on, they that ortati t transp interes and ible, bor public imposs is n 3. ductio respectively, to the end that as it is in the facturing s me, Class FUNGICIDES with the directions ef should render a particular service, even tsbor production is impossible. ance compli In " INSECTICIDES AND in manufacturing which tive not only to the President that plans be formulated , impera is it Where ally " princip e Plants engaged may be 'common, conmaintain but to stimulate and increge there by where same, Class 4. ds production to supply abnormal ,dem sistent, and concerted action' in carryLAUNDRiEts-Class 4. s engaged prin- create .1 by war requirements a e ing into effect all priority policies and atACHINE TOOLS-Plant same. Class 2. though g War Ineven cturin ary, manufa necess is in rating eipally et decisions, the Chairman or the medicines. pr IIEDICINES-See drugs and Board has created a Priorities intrinsic importance of the prod its dustrieswith I. sioner other of Commis that ies than Priorit less the MINES-Coal, Classmetals be may lloy Board, to and ferro-a MINES-Producing pieced in the lower classification, d of the War Industries Board as Chairminerals, Class 2. engaged if: th fact that the supply of such es er man, consisting of (1) the Chairman of ally princip t MINES-Plants or equipment. products equals the demand Withou War Industries Board, (2) the Priorpl ta the of the manufacturing mining tools stimulus of high priority. Certainrela ities Commissioner, (3) a membermenthe t Class 3. more S of DICAL PERIO produce commodities Railroad Administration. (4) a NEWSPAPERS AND news- importance, that at the same time 0_ of Board ng g Shippi printin States in d ally 'Unite princip the Plants engaged at a reit:. (5) entered less of are ation, ities Corpor which duce other commod Emergency Fleet papers and periodicals as second class mail matter, importance, and under such Ore is member of the War Trade Board, (6) a Pd the Poet (7) weight on, and strati n Admini eratio Food stances consid member of the Class 4. s engaged principallY of production bet:iv n a member of the Fuel Administration, . OIL AND GAS-Plant fuel, or given to the ratioant or natural gas tor and less impor the more import a representative of the War DepartIn producing oil (8) or e refinin ng includi s. Navy commodities. for mechracal purpose d ment, (9) a representative of the Allied oil for fuel, or for mechanical . "The inclusion of the industries Department, (10) a member of the i-pi lt. 3t ci:A the as s, 1,1 purpose g 1 plants on this preference list does uormse13,4 11 Purchasing Commission, and (11) pe lines and pumpinor e as an embargo against rtation of on Chairman of the War Labor Policies operat transpo in d engage s station Board. others, but the effect is to defer natural gas, Class 1. d ally requir ements of all other industries lants engaged princip OIL AND GAS-Pequipm e Decisions Subject to Review. or supplies for Plants until the requirements of t ent g cturin manufa iii oil or natural gas on the preference shall have been Batts- "The decisions of the Priorities producing or transporting for oil g manufacturin fled. The paramount purpose of priorior for refining andcal purposes, Class a. t to review only by the ve mobilization of the Board are subjec fuel or for mechani NS AND BUILD- ties is the selecti the Chairman of the War Industries Board and mines, the soil, PUBLIC INSTITUTIO the of ts and Operation Of)- produc r t 'GS (Maintenance ls V President. and sanitariums, factories for direct and indirec - and by the most the: than hospita needs in such a way as will "For the guidance of all Governwe lass S. g winnin BUILD fectively contribute toward AND NS TUTIO INSTI PUBLIC mental agencies and all others inand Operation Of)-Used war. 003S (Maintenance ries as such. or ms, Class I. indust nItariu ed In (1) the production and listing "In a, terest or le hospita Is plants producing dividual plants, while a number of PUBLIC of fuel and electric energy, (2) supply ulti loluol, Class 1. , -Street railways, elec- tors are taken into account, the ot labor, and (3) in the Ii supply all, the at IES in if , UTILIT extent PUBLIC plants test is: To what power companies, gas bute dir ortation service by rail, contri transp ence of prefer ing supply Inc lighting and accord teleand ted, telephone sot otherwise cl„-.ssif ies, or indirectly toward winning the or otherwise, in so far compan lines pipe supply Water, water ies, sraph cotnpa.n if at all, how urgent is the need and, butes to produccontri e 1 utilities, Class 2. Servic A such ., as ication primlind like gener. classif engaged hig.hn priority of finished products, the accomPUBLIC UTILITIEs-Plants t tion produc railthe for that ent mean equipm s alway I. not tipally in manuf. eturing panying designated Preference Listies s. CI. ss 2. ry or plant so classified I Kays or other public utilitie been adepted by the Priorit ex- the indust thqe has d than engage s ance -Plant import ic intrins PAPER r 1 greate PULP AND r , superseding Preference List g same. class 4. industries and plants in a lo in Board d Apr71 ts, 1918, and all amendeusively in manufacturin by United States of adopte classification, or not appearing at allinto RAILWAYS-Operated. Class 1, and supplements thereto. ments list, but that taking Related Administiation d by United States the preference urgenc " Where advisable, industries afl such y of the dernagd RAILWAYS-Not operate In ing those op- account the (exclud n, been classified and listed. stratio have Adn:Ini I., d. Railroad and the relation of supply to deman dual plants es.) class 1!. artifiCial numerous instances Indivi d to prefer!rated . s plant faciliti Operation Of is in the public interest that the and entitle be nce to tintena found been have 01, . AMPS common car- stimulus of priority should be appligA to which Excluding pleasure craft, not pie- ence, although the industries inAll priority is relative and implies tiers. class i. ' . they belong are not; and in other has build- posefu in ally princip on." a minati l discri such engaE as s ry SHIPS-Plant not i stances where an indust ng a) pleasure craft, ence. prefer of degree a ed g ships, excludi Platt. the accord ty for been , Necessity of Priori ships not built o mnion carriers; (13) particular plants in such industry have or the Allies nor 'ra ted States Government States Shipping Judge Parker made this statement: 1 been placed in a higher class. This has Older license from united necessitated classifying and listing not "Without a central agency to de board, Cl. es I. principally in man- termine the relative needs. importance Only industries as such, but to a limited SOAP-Plants engaged4. extent individual plants, some of which urgency of the requirements of ea& :Picturing s. me. class that 1 FURNACES-Plants en- and of this Government, of it: arc accorded a higher rating than ment STEEL MAKING depart and ingots cturing raged solely in tnanura Bessemer, _ hearth, open the by s itoel casting process, including ,,, :rucible or electric furnace billet mills, and slabbing ideoming mills, Cis,ts 1. Wilt; for s ne-,. MILLS-Class 1. STEEL PLATE MILLS -Boiling rails fifty STEEL RAIL ye rd. 2. er more punts per operating steel rolling STEEL- .111 1!-.1.ti-=exeluei ve of those taking ind drawl.; tui!1'. I lass :a uglier classitic,.:.,,n, IES-See drugs and , SUPPL SURGICAL ,,,edichies. aey in TANNERS-Ph.itts engaged praicip 4. tanning leather, Class in ally princip TANNER-Plan. s engaged s, Class 4. Manufacturing tanning extract in ally princip d TEXTILEsaleants engage . Class 4; inInanufacuring cotton hatiled ng. finishi and g, weavin Iluding spinning, Ns;se 4. principally in TEXTILES-Plants engaged , Including (nanufacturing woolen textiles , ('lass 4. weavers and ers, topmak , I pinners ally in princip d engage TEXTILES-Plants knit goode. etanufactudng cotton or woolen Cases 4. TEXTILES-Plants engaged principallyd•in tuanufactusing textile machinery, Class ily TIN PLATES-Plants engaged p in manufacturing same, Class S. ng, ing, preserv for TOBACCO-Only n for curing, packing, and storing same, 4. manufacturing and marketing, Class ublictn_ Pprincipally g ufacturing small or hand tools for wailin ' wood or meial. Class 3. s en- , --Plant Rope) and r (Binde TWINE gaged principally in manufacturing name, Cii ss 4. eslonWAR AND NAVY DISPAATMENTSthe Isar struction work conducted by either of 'tie ment Depart Navy the or Department barports, United States in embarkation on s bers, fortified places, flood protecti inialid s, channel iocks, erations, docks, waterways, and in the maintenance and epair of same, Class a. WIRE ROPE AND ROPE WIRE-fleets engaged principally in manufacturing sale, Class 2. WOOLEN TEXTILES-See textiles.  CED INNSTRIESR PLA ES.T.L„,„scoerkieg,agaelr CLASS N FOU  w.& SPE  WILTON, AND E  English Velvet English Velvet.  r   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  needy ended. Iiiii—irae;qtsrin l';1174.7 eighth and Forty-third Streets' yegtereutication has nowhere been weakened, day, front 1015 A. M. until 31.5 P; M. nor:have the standards of instruction seven cars were stopped and the delvers been lowered. On the Contrary, Europe were asked to explain why • they were ha.seoever been so alive to the supreme not respecting the Fuel Administ (ion's .,t importance of education as in this request. According to Patrohn t John Street tint when all established social institu- O'Leary of the West Thlrtit Station, they gave various exci es, all of tioro-are being tested as by fire. 1 'has been found that France and the drivers stating that theye" were out En ncl are engaged in a simultaneous on important errands. One of the cars reo . ' nization of their respective eYs- stopped at noon contained George .Arliss, toms of public education, and the con- the actor, who said he was on his way He explained to the tinuation school projects now pending in to Pittsburgh. the Parliaments at Paris and London policeman that he had been stopped six are essentially identical. They bale in- times since he had left his house at 3 troduce universal compulsory continua- East Eighty-fourthStreet, and that tiotetchooling of general and vocational these delays would surely cause him to Identification Cards for All. character. The. English bill provides, in miss his train at the Pennsylvania Staaddition, for an extension and perfection tion. Editor of The Ncto York Tia,cs: To the of elementary school compelsion. In When I lived in Manila, during four years' Had " Sickness" Sign on Car. Italy the elementary school eystem is service with the insular Government, it was undergoing extension, and provision has One woman said she was returning compulsory for every male above a certain been made, it was found, for instruction from the Pennsylvania Station, where of illiterate adults. age to take out each year what was known In addition to the present activities, it she had taken her sister, who was a Red as a "cedula " This card (costingcents) 50 has been found that extensive plans for Cross nurse. A private in the National served the purpose of an identification, and educational reconstruction and reforms Army driving a touring car exhibited wail baleful as such both to the authorities after the war are under consideration in TOPICS OF THE TIMES, al' the warring countries. In these .a telegram which stated that his sister and the holder as occaainn might require. several features appear With and mother were ill. He came from. plans I remember it, there were no conipliEnglishman, An striking similarity in the different j Newark, N. J. Another woman driving A,lona due to loss of cards or other causes. countries. It is, for example, the con- a "flivver" with a Massachusetts a to writing friend Their Fears 'd the system worked out in innumerable mensus of educational opinion that im- license said she was in a hurry and had in New York under provement must be sought in technical to get back to Boston. A small touring Are Not uations as a quick check on statements of and vocational education, in modern Ian- car with a Connecticut name plate bore a date as recent as ivicluals where same were In doubt. Well Founded. gu ages and commercial subjects, i letters from abroad the inscription "Case of Sickness." An Would it not be a good plan to enact a physical and character training—New- aged woman seated in the rear of the are apt to have, these days—which isn't ark. News. w, wholly apart from military control, ill.. ear seemedto be jo saying, unfortunately—seeks light on a mpelling every male resident of the United riding were no scarcer on Fifth Avenue, however, than tes over 18 years of age, white, black. question that seems to be held large and on they all were the other thoroughHow, citizen or alien, to take out such important over there, though here, curifares of the city, such as Riverside rd? I believe it would he almost as deously enough, where our gcod friends Others Likely Sixteen to Stop Drive and the main highways leading hie in times of peace as now. The tax out of the city proper into the suburban the British think it looms large, nobody Teaching the Language in Schools. distaicts of Long Island and Westuld be no small addition to our resources, has thoug:it of asking it, and still less chester. Thomas Ford, a patrolman Fourteen abolished have States the man would cry always have a reasonable of answering it. from the 125th Street Station, stood in teaching of the German language in front of Grant's Tomb on Riverside means of identification, and the authorities Here is the way the Londoner proan aid to their investigations when required. schools, and the campaign to abolish Drive for hours yesterday without s- pounds the problem: '2 These "cedulas" could be issued by PostGerman is under good headway in six- ing a cat' pass. From 8 A. M. until 12 P. M. he saw not one pleasure automoOne sut ject much discussed over here is masters, perhaps, thus avoiding the expense teen other States, according to a report the effect which the casualty lists of big of another bureau particularly for that Church Honors Three Priests Who made public yesterday by the American biAlet thepass. various bridge and ferry terfighting will have on your side. It will purpose. minals the patriotic determina.tion of Defense Society. Have Served 25 Years. certainly be an interesting point in napeople to live up to the gasless rule the I do not think this could he considered an "Many cities in the sixteen States," was equally Priests and parishioners of the Church manifest. At Fort Lee tional psychology. I have no doubt, my- abridgment of a man's liberties or freedom. "have says. the already report thrown Ferry, oridnarily, thousands of where New York. Sept. 7. 1918. B. of St. Paul the Apostle. Columbus Aveself, what the effect will be, but some peomachines and leave enter the city every German of their out schools, but the totals nue and Fifty-ninth Street, yesterday ple believe that when the murderous Sunday. the gatekeepers counted only The Russian Officers. grow heavy, the pacifism and pro-Gerjoined in honoring three members of the State itself has not taken decisive 132 automobiles of all kinds from 12 honor roll of States which o'clock midnight to 12 o'clock noon. No manistn now dormant on your _side will To the Editor of The New York Times: Paulist Community who celebrated their action. The have abolished German entirely reads: gasoline whatever was sold by the While enthusiastic sympathy for Russia is silver jubilee as priests. They were start again into activity. the garage keepers at the terminal. Between Alabama, California, Connecticut, Dela- 9:30 o'clock and noon only four automoNow, the writer of this letter happens being revived, let. us stop long enough to Rev. Timothy V. Manton, the Rev. Peter Louisiana, Maine, ware, Mississippi, honorable on make our mention own hero biles passed over the Williamsburg J. O'Callaghan, and the Rev. Henry E. to be an Englishman with more knowlNorth Dakota, Oklahoma, Bridge in either direction. The traffic lists of all those Russian officers stranded Montana, O'Keeffe. edge of America and Americans than In allied countries who have silently and South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, and patrolman at the Manhattan terminus of the Brooklyn Bridge stated that less The celebration took place at 11 W4let Virginia. most of his fellow-countrymen possess, anxiously watched their beloved land pass a dozen cars passed him becertainty with regard to our through "'he cities which have thrown Ger- than half its greatest crisis. When the shadow e'clock, when a solemn high mass was tween 9 o'clock and noon. m* the schools out of are New York But four automobiles were seen tee of "traitor " hung over them, denying them sung in the big church, which was filled City, Philadelphia, Penn.;- Washington, active service in the allied cause, they strug- to capacity by the regular congregation D.X.; Seattle, Wash.: Louisville, KY.; leave Manhattan by way of the Staten Island ferryboats up to noon, and not gled individually as best they could. A Gen- and friends of the jubilee priests. Father Pftnd, Ore.; Jersey City, N. J.; one crossed over the Brooklyn ferries Rapids, Mich.; Des Moines, from eral became a night watchman, a Rear Ad- Manton was the celebrant of the mass, G the Battery or South Perry. Of To ; Elizabeth, N. J.; Passaic, N. J.; the four that crossed to Staten Island. miral worked as gardener.; prayerfully and Father O'Callaghan deacon, and Father Tacoma, Wash.; Bayonne, N. J.; Wheeltwo were in charge of officers of the magnificently they waited for great Russia O'Keefe sub-deacon. The Rev. Charles ing, W. Va.; Mount Vernon, N. Y.; navy, one was in charge of an army ofPawling, Y.: Champaign, Alton, N. Ill.; to regain strength. It seemed almost a Powers,, C. S. P., preached the sermon, other was from Connectsthe ficer, and hopeless expectancy, for how could the:, which was devoted to an exposition of , ill.; Charleroi, Penn.; Eugene. Ore.: St. cut and engaged in urgent business. On Marys, Penn.; Cliffeide Park, N. J.; prove their faith to others? The brave and the office and work of the priesthood. Qua.aertown, Penn., and Glen Cove, L. I. ordinarySundays between these hours some 5 machines and more use thesei faithful spirit of the Russian Army and The musical program, which was under " The States which now have under ferries. . Navy is still alive, although it has been She direction of Father Finn, was ren- consideration the abolishing of the Taxis Stopped Running. of teaching German Arizona, are cruelly misused and misjudged. The thoroughfares Think dered by the famous Paulist of the Bronx choir of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, showed a remarkably clean slate all day what it would mean to our men on foreign Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, long. During the period men and boys. from 8 o'clock missions to be suddenly cut off from any New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Rhode Father Manton was for many years 1,1and, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin." in the morning to 4 o'clock in the aftercommunication whatsoever with their homes. noon the traffic patrolmen on duty at one of the most successful members of the principal intersections in the Bronx and to hear only horrible rumors on all the Paulist missionary band. Father had stopped the following automobiles: sides of the murder, betrayal, and starva- O'Callaghan, a Harvard graduate, aeld Cars. tion of their compatriots! If you can fancy who seven times was elected President Pelham Parkway and Bronx Park East.. 52 that, then, perhaps, you can realize what a of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union Congress Eligibles Reply to Security Boston Post and Eastchester Roads..... 42 'heavy burden of depression these Russian of America, is now rector of the ApoBoston Post and .Williamsburg 19; League's Queries. Grand Concourse and Kingsbridge Road.. 57' officers have lived under for over a year. stolic Mission House of the Catholic University at Washing-ton. City New Roads Island and Rochelle Father Security National The League yesterand you will wish to praise and help them. 44 We must not forget so soon how invalu- O'Keefe, who is a nephew of the late day gave out a series of anewers from Broadway and 225th Street Jerome Avenue and 204th Street Monsignor Cornelius G. O'Keeffe, Cath25 able Russia's sacrifice was, and remember olic Chaplain at for candidates Congress West to Point, questions graduated A number of the taxicab companies, that Russia is still invaluable. The ingredients are all there; it only needs trust and from the C_'ollege of St. Francis Xavier sent out asking for information upon among them the Black and White, stopped the operation of their cabs enthe encouraging hand to stir up a victorious in 1889, and has given missions in al- their attitude upon the prosecution of tirely. Those most every part of the country. He is Russia. FRANCES SIMPSON STEVENS. cabs which did run, and now Director of the Catholic Converts' the war. Some of the answers were it was difficult to locate them, confined New York, Sept.;, 1918. League. from members of Congress seeking re- their operations entirely to runs between the Grand Central and Pennsylvania election and others were from candi- Stations. All of them carried placards dates running for the first time. The Indicating that they were being used enreplies of the candidates are to be cir- tirely for transportation to one or the other of these two stations. No sightMayor Will Designate Sept. 14 to culated in their respective districts to seeing cars were in evidence, and the show their views upon "preparedness add the aggressive prosecution of the Fifth Avenue Coach Company kept in Popularize National Hymn. operation not more than fifty cars as war to a conclusive victory." The Mayor's Committee on National D. T. Morgan, Republican, representa- compared to more than 250 cars before Defense announced yesterday that Mayor tive from the Eighth Oklahoma District, the gasoline restriction went into effect. replied that before July, 1914, he has Outside of the large hotels of the city Hylan would issue a proclamation desig"always voted for a big navy and ade- one could see a small row of cabs—but nating Saturday, Sept. 14, as National quate preparedness." He said that be- there was a horse in front of every one. In Brooklyn there was, in the words Anthem Day, for the purpose of develop- tween that time and the entrance of the of the traffic men, "absolutely nothing ing greater patriotic interest in the country into the war he was "some- doing." Up to 6 P. M. there was but what conservative as compared with words and music of "The Star-Spangled those who were extreme in their views one automobile accident in the entire Banner." It was said that more than on, so-called preparedness." Our en- borough, a record which has not been approached in eighteen years. At Coney twenty cities would join in the move- trance into the war " made self-evident Island, from 10 A. M. to 6 P. M., twenimperative and that which was a matter ment, which was started by Director if conjecture and opinion " before that, ty-one machines were discovered, most of foreigners driven them by who seemed he says. Henry MacDonald of the committee, indefinite to have no clear conception of the new with the intention of teaching every ' "My view is that for an ahsnIntaty rule. One of the machines stopped cartime after the war It will be ried Trixie Friganza, the actress. She had a sign on the car which read, " am on my way to work," and she explained to a traffic policeman that she was en route to a theatre in New York with the intention of bringing back a lot of clothes which she could not possibly carry in her arms.  for life is dear; but rarer is the hero patients can be carried as soon as whose flame of valor hums lumi- murder appears in the air. German i hitherto unnousiy. steadily, inspiringly. when- , ingenuity has made many gas ever citath confronts men and there ' heard-of things necessary, such as probably the greatis need of the stout heart and the soul masks; but this is paid by their enemies that loves its kind. Such a hero is est tribute yet thing reFather DUFFY, Chaplain of the 165th to their genius. Only one the Allies to is for that and mains, Regiment. the Old Sixty-ninth, to hospital ships as batwhom General PEnsitneo has awarded disguise their out the Red Cross dispaint tleships; • the Distinguished Service Cross. tinguishing marks, and paint the Father DUFFY is the hero of a regiships gray, adding false superment of which heroism is always ex- mercy Germany is not only inpected. Chaplain and noncombatant. structures. but is the cause of herself, genious he devoted himself, when it crossed other peoples. the Oureq on July 28 in a hell of Ingenuity in fire, to bringing in the wounded as well as to bending to the last words of  the  thinking  dying, oblivious only  tireless in  of  those  of  danger,  in  danger,  helpfulness, spending his  strength in good deeds—lion-hearted, tender Father DUFFY! In making the award, which so many brave soldiers covet, General PERSHING said of the Chaplain's work on the three ter'n • 'g from Jule   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  courage and their colossal sacrifices. Flis one mention of the American Expeditionary Force was when he expressed the deep emotion with which Its members "offer our homage to those brave men, both the living and the dead, and again confirm our devotion to their cause, and again declare it to be our fixed purpose that their sacrifice shall not have been in vain." That was fine and it was enough.  seconu ,,,,,e, anti r nth .Avenue, in City Hall Park, and elsewhere to stimulate the sale of stamps. After citing the laws against gambling and lotteries and asking who had authorized gambling for War Savings Stamps, he continued: "If the Government expects the churches and the moral' forces of the nation to whole-heartedly and enthusiastically support the campaign for the sale of AVar Savings Stamps, then she ought to see to it that these infamous practices are stopped, because it is impossible to have very much enthusiasm over this- movement when it is so badly mixed up with gambling." Dr. Christian F. Reisner, who has preached during the Summer at various army camps, said last night in the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church: "After visiting many camps and speaking with- soldiers black •and white, one is impressed that there is a spiritual atmosphere, a mysterious power in their midst that can only be explained by the presence of God and the dominance of a lofty ideal. "An officer writing recently said: 'I have censored 24,000 letters, and in almost every one these three phrases have appeared " I love you," "Don't worry about me," "Pray for me." Imagine a. German stressing such so-called feminine sentiments. He who would doubt the power of spiritual ideals must in n these days frankly recall George Washington, Lafayette, John Brown, Abraham Lincoln, Frances Willard, Pershing and the boys over there."  14 STATES BAR GERMAN.  PAULIST FATHERS' JUBILEE.  WAR VIEWS OF CANDIDATES.  TO PROCLAIM ANTHEM DAY.  Y. W. C. A. for Chinese Women. Young Chitiese won-ten of New 'York have pet it ionai the Young NVomen's Christian Association for a Chinese Y. W. C. A. to be established in Chinatown. The petition, which has been granted, was signed by thirty-nine Chinese women, all born and educated ink this country. though some of the signatures were in Chinese characters. A fund has been raised among Chinese of the city to 'defray running expenses of a Chinese Y. W. C. A., and a location for It is now being sought. A Chisese Secretary will teach English to women.  1INDUSTRIES PLACED IN FOR CLASSES UNDER NEW DRAFT Producers of Food, Fuel. Munitions and Ships to Have First Call in Exemption. PLANTS WILL BE COMBINED Only Those Who Are Actually Essential to Vital Industries May Avoid Service. NEW PRIORITY LIST ISSUED Shows the Order in Which Industries Will Be Affected by Man Power Law.  Special to The New York, Tir,r1.  WASHINGTON, Sept. 8.—Bernard M. Baruch, Chairman of the War Industries Board, issued tonight a list of industries which he said should receive preferential treatment under the new selective service legislation. He sets up four classes, which, he holds, are essential to the conduct of the war. The list, Mr. Baruch say* will be the key to the situation which will confront the nation. ,Food, fuel, munition factories, and shipping are, of course, included in Class 1. It is understood, however, that all employes, even in the industries listed in the first class by the War Industries Board, will not receive deferred classification en masse, and that employes, other than foremen and highly skilled ;artisans, will be required to prove to ,the local boards that they are ,,ssentia/ to the conduct of the industry if they expect to avoid military service. It was the view expressed by the Provost Marshal General's Office, it is said, about the vital need of men to go to the cantonments, which moved Mr. Baruch and his advisers recently to give out a statement to the effect that women would have to take the places of men in the war industries on a scale which had not been anticipated by this nation. General Crowder has held a very !decisive view concerning the number of :professional men, otherwise equipped for military service, who have sought employment in munition and shipbuilding be plants, believing that they would "bomb-.proof" industries. That certain industries essential to the conduct of the war must be kept in operation on a full basis no official in Washington attempts to deny, but it is evident that there is a distinct feeling on the part of those who guide the military destinies of the nation that no one shall escape the draft, aside from those who are actually essential. Every opportunity will be vouchsafed to men who seek exemption or deferred classification to state their claims, but the line will be tightly drawn. It is probable that the officials of the Provost Marshal General's Office, the War Industries Board, the Shipping Board. Food, Fuel and Railroad Administrations wil' get. together within a few [hays and decide all of the questions that are still at issue. Classification of Industries. Here is the list of industries which the War Industries Beard holds should have preferential treatment: .A1RCRAPT—P1ants engaged principally in manufacturing aircraft or aircraft supplies and equipment. Cls_ss 1. AMMUNITION—Vlants engaged principally in manufacturing same for the United States Government and the Allies. Class J. ARMY AND NAVY—Arsenals and Navy 'Ve.rda, Claqs 1. ARMY AND NAVY—Canton ment a and Camps. Class 1. ARMS—(Small)—Plants engaged principally in manufacturing same for the United States Government and the Allies, Class 1. BAGS—Hemp, jute, and cotton, plants engaged principally in manufacturing same, Class 4. BLAST FURNACES—(Producing pig iron,) Class 2. BOOTS AND SHOES—Plants engaged exclusively in manufacturing same, class 4. BRASS AND COPPER—Plants engaged principally in rolling, and drawing copper brass and other copper alloys in the form of sheets, rods, wire, and tubes, Class 2. CHAIN -- Plants engaged principally in manufaoturing iron and steel chain, Class 3. CHEMICALS—Pla.nta engaged principally In manuf.cturing chemicals for the production of military and naval explosives, ammunition, and aircraft, and use in chemical iNarLsre, Class 1, CHEMICALS—Plants, not otherwise classified and listed, engaged principally in menufasturing chemicals. Class 4. COACk.;—Plants engaged principally in producing metallurgical coke and byprodutts, including toluol, Class 1. COliiii—Pla.nts, not otherwise classified and listed, producing same, Class 2.  Cotten Plants in Class 4. COTTON—Piants engaged in the compression of cation, (tass 4. CIIANES.--I'lants engaged principally In manufacturing l000rnotive or traveling cranes, Class 2. DOMESTIC CONST 7 MERS—ruel and electric energy for residential consumption, including homes, apartment houses, residential flats, restaurants, and hotels. Class 1. DOMIDSTIC CONSliM7-lItS—Puel and electric energy, not otherwise specifically listed, Glass 3. DRUGS—Medloines and medical and surgical supplies, plants engaged principally in manufacturing game, Class 4. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT—Plants en-  outinized en Page Nine.  r   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Saulcourt, south of it, was four' occupied. Between these villages the enemy retired to the gPehY line, which is a little over a mile from his Hindenburg trench wotks. We are more than half way between VillersFaucon and Rorissoy—the front embraced St. Emilie this morning—and have crossed the Cologne River east of Roisel. Sharp resistance was encountered when British patrols tried to enter Roisel and fighting is reported in that vicinity today. Below Roisel, however, our advance has been accelerated. Vendelles and Soyecourt were abandoned by the Germans before the British patrols were in contact, and the wooded area east of Caulaincourt was cleared, bringing our line into open country before Holnon Wood,' the last obstacle on this side of the Hindenburg trenches around St. Quentin. trated. A picture of Christ, ten feet square, was pierced with seven round holes, one exactly in the left side, and I wondered whether the revolver of some boche brute had not added sacrilege to vandalism. With the exception of the cathedral and a little side street from the Rue de Paris, called Rue de Saint Eloi, there is not a single building in Noyon that escaped injury, and the Mayor reckoned less than 10 per cent. capable of reconstruction. Before leaving he made a suggestion of particular value at this time when the German retreat frcni other French towns seems imminent. "Cannot your President," he said, "or the Allies collectively, address a formal warning to Germany that full and terrible punishment will be exacted for such wanton destruction. Homes can be rebuilt, hard though it will be, but nothing can replace those relics of art and poetry of previous generations that were our pride and glory." probably match any gas they turn out, since the unavoidable percentage of "duds" is certain to give us the secret of it. This report calls to mind the fact that in the last ten months the boche has tried seven new gases, but none of the new brands has proved worth while. Incidentally, the Germans are having trouble in supplying troops with masks because of the rubber shortage. Leather as a substitute for rubber in the face of the mask is not good. Prisoners taken by Americans in the Toul sector tell of threatened revolts among troops ordered to move from quiet sectors into the battle raging in the west. which have been broken up recently. Munition workers, telegraphers, railroad employes, and zone troops have been found in the front lines. All in all, the German Army is now showing the beginning of a real decline. It is losing effectives much faster than it can replace them. These fissures will widen and widen. The German Army declines while the allied army increases, but the Kaiser still has a force of more than 4,000,000 men, and while they do his Imperial bidding, Germany is not defeated.  the Day's Operations •of the Oise, east of Fargniers and west of Servais. Day Report,—North of the Oise the French troops have captured the Village of • Mennessis and are along the Canal St. Quentin. South of the Oise the French have made progress to the outskirts of Servala. In the region of Laffaux, as well as north of Celles-sur-Aisne, we have maintained our positions in spite of several German counterattacks. We took prisoners during two surprise attacks we delivered in Champagne.  German BERLIN, Sept. 8, (via London.) Night Report—There is nothing new from the battlefront. Day Report—Our infantry detachments brought prisoners from the Belgian lines east of Merckem. North of Armentieres we repulsed renewed attacks by the English. On the battlefront we are everywhere in our new positions. South of the Peronne-Cambrai road the enemy yesterday sought by means of strong forces to approach our positions. Our rearguards opposed him, but yielded, fighting, to the numerically superior enemy, and in the evening repulsed violent attacks west of Gouzeaucourt-Epehy-Templeux. On both sides of the Somme again yesterday the enemy followed us only hesitatingly. We are in fighting contact with him at the Vermand-St. Simon line and the Croaat Canal, [also known as the St. Quentin Canal.) North of the Aisne the artillery duel became more intense. West of Premontre and Brancourt strong partial attacks of the enemy failed. South of the Ailette the enemy worked his way into our line east of Vauxailion. Strong attacks between Vauxaillon and west of Vailly were repeated many times until evening, but were repulsed. Between the Aisne and the "%resin the fighting activity has decreased.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  U. S. iMI LOY77,172 SE-INTO:2 1T'S DIVISION 17  Oil  Frm A—nds Gardeners hands Yailic testers Ins.oectors Beo..koepinc Sheepherders Cottonfiold  working '  INV=  BUI .DING AND C   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Carpenters Electricians Painters Cabinet makers Sash, Door and Burn. Fact)ri, Paper hancers Pipe fitters Pla,.bors Roofers and sheet !.,et 1 wor_ers Structural Iron :or. ers Bui.Ldin tr .de helpers Briekyard workers iirehitects  '1 laced 71  ft T1  Women wor-7in  VP  U  U. S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE WOMAN'S DIVISION CHEMICALS, OILS ANT) PAINTS Medical Lahorstries  Inspectors in Hog Serum Plants Actual work in Hog Serum plants  Vomen working 2  CLAY, GLASS M !STONE PRODUCTS  CLERICAL, PROFF7SIONkL un Bookkeepers, Accountants Cashiors Steno7ranhers Typists Office clerk!' Teachers Tele7,rarhers Photograrhers Letter Carriers lOwe rarine Cloop&r.loottirwinana Mail Ccrsor rraftsmer Engineer Jourralist TAlsoratory worker lawyer Lecturer Lil)rarian Physiiar and Surgeon Saleswolutn Pharmacist Statistician Saleswoman Autc Saleswoman Station agents  calls for  CLOTHING AND TEXTILES   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Dressmakirs Seamstresses Garment workers Hat, cap and millinery workers Shirt, collar and cuff workers Textile workers Print shops  Women working  COMMON LAFOR  Railway   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Guard Crossing atendants Railroad car cleaners Engine cleaners Track walking Painters Baggage norters Truckers - freight Tire builders  Placed 4k/men working t tf  Placed f1  a  L-.  •y U. S. 1:-..._1,01r:-.1,NT WOILIN'S DIVISION  COLON LABOR(Cont d) Bootblac:_s Beef p-dkin, housus  working vi  r  IC ..ID I'LESOIT-L SERVT.C.E Domestics Laundry CleLmers Dyers Nurs,..s ,.:md attendants Manicure and Eaardressers Messenger  200D, '2, T:   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  ,  Placed ft  Vt  7;onen wor?:ing TV  ft  ,0  Bakery worAit's Confectionery wrkers Cannery workers Tobacco wor ers But3:ler s op wor ers qrocery clerLs Buyer Retail dealer Dietition  Chambermaids Cooks Kitchen workers Pantr7,, workers Matrons Housokeel)or Waiters Busboys . occapied All :ositions formerl, by .ion (Hotel de Monte)  VicYien Toring  Women working  LEATHER, RUBBER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Boat 4.nri shoe workers Fur workers Glove workers Rubber workers  LUMBER   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Skilled woodman Woods laborers Lumber yard workers Cooks for logging camps (formerly men ) Shingle mills  call -- Maine Women working  calls  METALS AND :!.ACHINERY Automobile factories. Drill pressers 7omen working Gear machine Lathe Milling mac.,ino Puf_ch cross. ft Cora making Sewing machine bench work ft inopecting Tool rcom attendant Suock room attendant..... Lapping machine.......... If Shavitig awl chine. Eleutric wiring........... mach 4 ne (leptl,er) (Light). Assembling (Chassis) . DisasseoLling . it Pasting. .. mach Slot ine...... Armature winding.. Lpolstery. . Automobile and aeroplane Carpenter If 11 Repair ........ 3hipping. Special Occupat Riveting macnine tions. Burring ?inning Aojusting Ingraving Printing Tapping machine . Stenciling Cabenit work Tracing. bindery work Lalinury it " ft Filing machine tt Foot press Thread rolling machine Japan spraying Electrical machinery and supplies.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Winding induction Tapink, Testin4 Assembling meters Insulating armatures Stamping name plates Elevator operaters Grinders Assembling coils Coil pressin Coil insulating Coils, form and pull 1 _to osit : ....ion ..  ft  ft  te  METALS AND MACHINERY  (cont'd)  Lamp repairing... Packing Weighing Messenger. Sorting  Women working  j  Foundry and.. Machine Shop Products.  Munitions...  Labeling Drafting Iraiding. Svoling . ..... . Fattern making.. Molders.. Clipping Automatic screw machine. counting Filing torbine wheels Broaching machine &atter grinding Blueprint work Etching..... Stamping Cylinirilal grinding. Wrapping Laking sin,L11 runners Olectric Cranes Hobbing machine Brazing machine Copper Upping Doping Castulating machine Automatic dial macInne Automatic closing mEchine Knurling machine Primer machine Machine instructor Setting up Making wing floats Woodworking. Machine apprenqce .. Charging buttons Gauging Lacquering .. Chemist Banding press Band grooving laths. Shaker operator Powder dispatching Charging . Loading... Adjusting Hustler ...... Supervising of women. Women Workers  LaCrosse Tractor Co. Disston Saw Works..Girl worker s )  https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  9  9  ..  «  ft  « .." «  METALS AND MACHINERY Railway E uipment  (cont'd)  Cane weaving Curtain making Coach cleaning Laborers Bolt cutting machine Sorting light scrap Shearing machine • • Renniring valves Testing vrlves Preparing journal packing Smith shop  Women working ft ft 11  11  ..  Tools, cutlery Hardware..Canvas department Honing machine Stropping machine Cleaning razors Oiling blades Straightening razor parts Trimming press Scratch brushing Wiping Wiring and unwiring(Plating) 11,aking leather cases Eyelet machines Machines for capningtacks Tackmaking machines Carding eyelets Fitting nuts on bolts Bolt pointing machine Miscellaneous Lfetal Products Diamond die drilling Edging Redrawing Bobbin winding Dandy roll work Wire bending Jigwork Opening sheets Boring machine Card machine Reinforcing machine Handwork on Stationery Graying Machine burnishing Aluminum washing Dipping Drying Airplane Construction   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Motor Assembling Bench Hands Inspectors Stores Depts. Testing Raw Materials Production Routers  ft 11  ft  fl  •  ft  •  Hu  ft  ft  11  11  11  11  ft  11 11  ..  11  rt  111  11  11 11 11  ft ft  11  11  tt  11  ft  11  11  ft  7US AND MACHIM;lRY (cont'd) Lliscellaneous   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Shell loader Millwrighte Molders Core Makers Blacksmiths and boiler makers  U. S. EMFLOYMENT SERVICE SON'S DIVISION  PUBLIC SERVICE Inspector Institutional Manager Mail carrier Police patrol Postmistress Signaling Nireless  SOCIAL SERVICE   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Charities Camp work Club executive District nursing Hospital Industrial welfare Investigator Playgrounds Recreation  1,7  U. S. Employment Service 70MEWS DIVISION MINE AND QUARRY WORKERS Skilled miners  PAPER AND PRIT"ING P-Alp and paper mill workers Printers and pressmen Feeders arl bindery workers Paper box and bag workers Linotype 011- rnicre  SEWING TRADES Power rachine Operators Overall factories (c&11v)  &IIPBUILDING Itivete:'s Chippers Calkers Aeamers ChipfitteIrs Ship carpenters Laborers Helpers Oakum spinnere Switchboard  Vomen Placed  STEAMSHIP SERVICE   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Cook Mess Woman Yeas girl  Women Working (Lovejoy, Seattle, :ash.)  U. S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE WOMEN'S DIVISION  THEATRES AND AVUSEMENTS Ushors  TRANSFORTATION AND PU2LIC UTILITIES (private) Chauffeurs Auto -truck drivers Teamsters Delivery Stable hands Street car conductors Street car Motoreers Tagi drivers Ambulance drivers Teaming and nelivery work (laundry) Aviatrix Motor Cycle Power boat see common labor -- railway  WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Sides people Shipping clerks Stock clerks Packers  Placed  U. S. TMPLOYMTNT STRVICE WOMTN'S DIVISION  WOODWORKING AND FUHNITURE Cabinet makers Furniture finishers Upholsterers Machine Wc-Aworkers Furniture Assistants  MISCELLANM:IS Apprentices, (all trades) Elevator operators Janitors Guards Aircraft assemblers Covererb airplanes Weighers of powderbags Fuse plant worker:; Window cleaners Tractor driver (applicants  U. S. Army   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Storage Wfireizcuses lae Vask Factories  women working call  call women working  omen working 04  G.  Prom %ad after December 1, 1918 vad luring the period of the war, no .lrson or oor oration sh1  r. 1  n ftble-bodied in tn ny of the  occupations listed below, excel3t subject to the exceptions set forth: (1)  Ic or in connection with pro 'ring or serving !nod, or 40110k -,blic or private  or selling 3i4ndy, cigars or cignrettes, in ?Jrly (exce• t thm.t permisRion  .1 Lven b7  Corr.urvty Lbor Bo!Ird to  ern-',1r.y man for sur ervi sion or heavy ,.-lork toe-sorr-eyetent.'nrrt-exaervir rat twority -o,f-the whole, foree-erertoyeit or where ,I,ork 1.-.te At night is necessary'. ()  -AA passenger-alevator operators !wnd ,Attendants, Ammon, foot-  cletners, carriage-openers, or oth3r attend%nts in  fly  private (excert tht Con1t7 L, bor Bo-rds ra-.7 7.ermit the emrloyment of men for niht work in ;iny Alac  occuttion or where 'ionlan  oe mmployed with lue regard to their hfrItli ,ind safety or the safety of the rublic). (7) garae,  ,!‘s ushers or attendants, or other?fie in or in connection with arts or f,.musements of !:iriy kind, excvling; Tcrfor.:.ers, Including  musicins, i  4 motion pictures, or thev.tric -,1 locitimate concerts, oper%,)  Terfarmences, and skilled persons who are neces 1try to welch porfori.-,-.rices or , . resentatIons. () '(5)  In ammestic serve of my sort 4A ,  .oL  In driving passenger xntomobiles, incl  ,or sitt-set3ing bu.tves (excert that per  4sxic4bs, jitney,  nrq be give  b7 Cow.linity  • T,')or Bo-rds for the etiloyLient of men to the extelt that li:lted traffic facilities or the -111;   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  tlfety mAko it necessary.  am.e,  (7)  As meter-reRders or inspectors in res1ienti,,1 seotians, cauntIrs,  checkra,442..prAgams, tanfare, time-koHrers, wre-.7) ars, meengers, or ere of  1.11i-  ight lolly ry whgow; (exce' t where the Com.unity LtAbor Bo'ri ITny  grant -ermision to emrloy  men becAve of conAftions which mike it iLi-  yroper, from the point of view of heA.th or safety, tc, uowoiwn). (8) wich  Bootblacks, bill-di$tributors, street vendors -book agents, 9eddlers, :rid other crinvers, !,,wstnut ro-sters,  Hnti othor etrefA vendors.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  3  0•40  Insofar as the foregoing list oorres owls orith the li t of non- .ro Auctive ocourations issued under the Selective 5erv1ce Regul1 in tions, (A:1 rulines and definitions was by the Provost M rshl Gener, connection with suc  t of non-productive occuratIon, sh, ,L11 prov,i1 in  dcterminine the %777,71ict1on or th9 foregoing 11.t. A Comunity LAor Bo rd rygrmt prr1Dn to envloy in !- ny of the regoing occuations, men 'whom it may lortify  being unable bee use of  physiol disability (including old age) to secure more eseenti,t1 emrloywent. lifion in CLIs3 1-A under the Sclacti.:0 Service ReULACons rav be perUtted by a ComunIty 140)or Bo-rd to re:flain eng,71 in occuptions;  Amy  or  the foregoing  while aviiting ther ea I into the Army.  Excelltions may be mAde by Co munity Ibor Bo, rds in individual cases for limited rerioiz of time '!then necessary to avoid unlue tvxd.shi now eunloyad in orN1 of the fo.7egoing ocautions.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  to rYll  -D OLICY Vacancies should filled with  instea1 of vith. in in the  folio ing oceu-pations: 7  CLERICAL  a-c2f,  A.6onts, canvassers and. coliecta.,..s tnat is all people engaged in  over 21 years of age.  , •  ez)aCeezeptk.12friZ  Stenographers and typists "The norla sales clerks and other clerks include the clerical force in the office and. in all depart..ent:s of stores and mercantile establishments,"Page 90, Paragraph 121 - K, Selective Service Peg-ulations.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  TR.ADE Clerks in stores Stock clerks, store keepers, eta. (Viork or Fight Order does not inculde executives) Commercial travellers (not included in the Work or Fight Order) Decorators, drapers and. window triAk ,,ers Delivery .1;en in stores, bakeries and. dt.a.,i4 cre4 ) t L4-7.)( (not included in Aork or Fight Order) (0,(2 Floor ..alkers and floor men in stores Ins-actors, guagers and sxt)lars Insurance AF:ants Laborers in1. helpers in stores DEL.onstr_ttors Sales:Len and buyers for stores (all fraesien in departments selling to women) (Work or Fight Order does not include heads of departillents)or buyers) Fruit craters and p;,•kers ,,3at cutters Bill posters   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  TRANSPORTATION Roal  street transportation  and hack drivers Chauffeurs, gewte—kawe-re--effidHatanteee F . stable hands, carriage v,eshers Express, telegraph and telephone Agents, emress wessengers, elail clerks, ail carriers, telephone and telegra7h orerators. 1. Other Tr nsnertation Forewen and overseers for road and street builing and repairing for telegrpph and telephone Insnectors for street and electric roads, for bridge canals, docks and 4harves. Laborers for road and street building and street cleaning - sewi-skilled laborers for street raiL,ecrs, guarls, ticket choppers, etc. 2.  Other Transportation Begags wen, bridge keepers, gataeun, ticket collectors, li,hters, labelers ani packers in express offices.  DO .ESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE. Barbers and hair dressers, boot blacks, window cleaners, elevator tenlors, janitors and sextons, laundry aperatives Porters (t'ullwans on railroads) Servants (coachaan, butlers, hall boys) valets, waiters, lor .Lan,( Cleaners, renovators of clothes, cappet s, vacuum cleane.e. Work or Fight Rule Waiters - doee not include those on dining cars Doren, waiters and elevator tendors in hotels, clubs, aparteents, stores, etc. are ircluded. All personal servants excevt chauffeurs included. T'ublic Service Guards, Aratchean and door keepers. Laborers in - arks, street cleanirg leartment, etc. Prebation and truant ofLicers. Insractors for buillings, food, health, tax collectors.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  ''POFE,53IONAL SFRVICE Journalists and. reporters Chemists, assayers and. mettallur,sists Civil Fngineers and. Surveyors Dentists Designers and Draftsmen Lawyers Photographers Motion picturaz -ohotogra-phers Bacteriolgoi st s, etc. Notaries, Record. se...i.rci-lers, etc. Theatre ushers.  t'OLICY ,-oAlan instead of with men in the Vacwacies should filled with . fol1o 4ing oconpat ion*: CLF.RICIL -  d../e/  Agents, canvassers and collectors that is all reorle engaged in  over 21 years of age. deriyi‘z r setA.L.12.24, aeezZe4 Ftenogr hails aril typists "The Norris sales clerks anti other clerks include the clerical t'orce i n the of rice and i n all depart .ient s of stores a di mercant tie establishmants,"Page 90, Paragra-ph 121 - K, Selective Sorvice Regul-Ations.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  TRADE Clerks i n stores Stock clerks 'store keepers, ate. (Work or Fight Orier does not inculde executives) Corrmercial tr?..vellers (not included in the Work or Fight Orler) Decorators, drapers and window triailers Delivery ,len in stores, balemries uerore4 /0 eA,• (not I ncluded in lark or Fight Order),0/, • Floor %siker. anl floor men ln st...)rfis ( InevAtztorii,_guage-rs--ast--oamplairs Insur,nce Agents Laborers 3.M. helners in stores Der,onstrAtors Salesmen anl. buyers for stores (all salesmen in depa.rtments selling to wov.nen) (Work or Fight Orier does not include heals Qf departfsents)or buyers) -Pm-It-craters atti packars 3111-1--srpostsra  -   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  TRANSPORTATION Rowl and street tr:Ansrortation Orx.ag and hacV irive.rs Chauftears, 1--#4  .3  aed ainnagemt-s-  DP0016.4411.,.....tafilli.t..+-....!--r-r-til"-  -3tble h3n4*  •  e*Arr11%4 *,n.sher  Expre ss, ttk ia gra-rah and, tel,pona Agents, express we tAengers, ail clerks, ,ets4-1---as.rriars, telephone and telegrar h oi`kl  Or• .  1. (*Jar Tr  .p  t  on  --Iroremsii-040--everiteer-e-for--rvarthri troot- - ffttiI4Ing antt.zepair lag or tolegregh-end tolvp11otte---vompanies4 itiorAtetors for street and electric roads, for bridge cfmal s, •locks 4nd "ihnirves. lettforere-fer-r-ecol-and_strett bnilding-untk street clam-tag laborers or tr4v411440,, gunzis, ticket cho7pers, ate,. Other Tran-sp ortation littIgges•-mon, br' too opera, gatemen, t akat coilector s, lamp lighters, 6.Lue.Lers pac:oar61X itAprolra offizee. DOMESTIC AND PMRSONAL SOVICE. Illarbere- and, ikair 4rsea., boot blaase winslovt cleaners, elevator ten lore, Jake-V=1r seeekohs-0,---lennttrir ortfrirttvrv lleptatitiv-tsbuilessns 01 Servants cow:bum, butlers hall boys, valets,Ore, 400r men Clesaer•, renovators of clot hes, cArpet•, vacuum cl•.-tners. Work or Fight Rule Waiters - eloes not i:elude those on dining cars Do.x.-hen, gaiter, elevator tenflors in hotels, clubs, tAr s stores, etc. are 1 ncluied. All rsonx1 servants e.x.043 t chauffeur a inclialed. Public Srv1ce Guards, Natch..en and door keepers. Ltborer. in rafts, street c1erini -44*,,artioariortado. Pr i on and truant officers/ Inspectors for buil lingo,- food, hetalth, tax col lectors.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  PROFIONAL SI.EVICE Journalists and rep,)rters Chemists, assayers and mettallurgists Civil Rngineers And Surveyors Dentists Designers And DrArtsmen Lawyers Photagraphers Motion pictures rhotographers Bacteriolgoists, etc. Notaries, Record searchers, etc. -  Theatre ushers.  ALL   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  PRESENTED  BE  MUST  ETC..  PROPOSITIONS, RESOLUTIONS.  TO  THE  IN  SECRETARY  DUPLICATE  1  By Delegate  (NAME OF UNION)  Resolution No. (SECRETARY WILL NUMBER)  Baltimore, Md., November  re-  t  p t, /'  ...-..  •  „,.1  ‘.. k  1 1  A i ,.- /...)._ f  /,,I, ,,-1 ;,4  A ,..„ /„.,  1  , .,.. 're I, t  .---"'.'-**,  .....,....mpor•711L .......,......., 1/ ' 7 .4  / i  7 . 4...11 • " 1;:;y .....  C I: L  €14., 1 /.71-1  f.w..'" 6. -"  . •  t. -.  r . 4  61,-, ....,--  -., )  ..  „ , ...r.-0,41 4' r  (-  ..,....  e  4°1)  4Di"  ' ". .....C. : a )  . ., ,,  i/ (-i , 4-  1 i i, ' ,•- •„,,.  ,,,  e- (0 I,  tv,'"  /  '  : '1:1 C: :.)11  , 1916.  -Tr, 1.  A 7  T !.  ;."  .  7.4  '; •  •;:)';• 4 ;  1  is•  '-' 1-i3  1 Jr ...' ' '  A  (.11 -.:.  ,..,, --,TI •  .1.'f.7-  . ' , f . c  .  r  I  '.;.54 A',..'  ' 1, i•-. 7.•  • T .. . • 1.1 f  1 ''''' '  ',. '"1 -•• .  .,;!;T: •  Cs, i ...  ..7  4  -. Cirl '  i'  ±(!c, (..'4  i... ''''  •-•!T.C:r•  .1-••,,H.-,r.....t  ... ", t', t ' I •-"  ".17. C.) T(J. •t...7',... ' ", U''', .-•  1 .,-.,.  '• -.`"..  ":"--licc'.  )ti:4 r.:.?•A(...  '.'.;  '`'  i,  7 1 - '-''•••••,v;"•,,.: ': - •'"  4 1707;  r: . •  •. 1  c•-..• i —.HI '.1 - ,  ,',.-. I -,‘,  :  •,..:, ....1T-:-,  )J(' 1 T;  L,-..r. ,....Vis, .'r•-..,  • r.;7:-..i:  T  r 1 '  'I  0 i i 1.  t ' 17  i -, ''''' • 1' '  '-')17T) •  '7 1 7 I:i7.1  t.  ti'  11.7'  ••"-;1 r.  i....i.s.  ".1 • • . -. , T...:  .;'  T'' ; -;.:•.,1  r. 0,;-  —.1 ,7) .  ,nc.r, ....r. -,,,,.,  —o...., •   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis —•  ..:1'  n  , r.,1 -. ,  7 ,..- '1 '..;  7'  "  'T''  .i:-.: t,i 1.  I::  !...1 T 1 1 T It 1 ;-::  g -,•; 3 A ..T. •.::1 i:.  ,4r11  'H T  .„21:•'",r  • n,t,f  C', .,...r (Th",  ., ',;c.. v.', 1 T.T.rv.-:1 .1* (.., '2•-..! -, ',..,' ::  si  T , '. 1Y.:::' -I CI  1:: C.  :Tr  • f:;•:)..IC,..;  ?..1  • 1 .1.'  '1  !,,!" I T  !")'.1"77.4.T :-71%.  k",   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  -2— .7,1' I.  110,te  :-  it,  .r  •  :  .ry  ttle  .1:11u.:!try  ''to  t.•,t)r  • . c,  7.;  4  . - i •,.,.', i.  - ..;1....1., • ,  ..1.1..  ,,  il....:',?... . ; • t-a ...A'. ., .,.... -. .,. 1 i. ,.  -4''.,Irt, .:-.1... )1-  .: .-. ,  ..  .. ,  • •,:-_,...' • . . i. Li 1,r3 1  .s.  ',.  ,..;4.-• ': --I.,.  .-.• i.-. rt.) t.,..,,,4.., . „; ,.,.. .....i•-•f; t t - ... '.. r. i...' 1  ry  •-•  t:;,(1  t  •  I'  r,  !•• t .:*„  rit3C  .1' rg4„.ht  of  elk„.i.ofilen  fcr  .'•1 •  '  .1,, !,..  ,  • 1 j  • :  t•:.•  t:  111..  I  . 4••  of .,;1•1:••or  -hill be 1  •ht. Thec.e  niJA A(.)r•K  :vJrnzr:T.t. 'Lc.. in the Decombcr 1, 1218. t. 1.  .  .1 pole( rualrit  6  !.6 ?1,1nt  un..i€4r. tti,? c;..)nt.r employ  1:fmn  ity „7 Thz- ni.tt -  sk; •  •-•  :  t  rvi i.  LL:  crLL1.  A.  •-  L ;  f  ;jV.. ti..  -Li) • ervi(.0 •  7  . •j4  •  .:  f  A  i  v  , •,  r'•  ,  :  .;  .  •  i  `• •  I.(  AL  .  :1 ..1  '-. ''.• " •  _ : )i i  r•  - I 1.1  .: - .i.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  ....  . .•  !.  1.••  f  . ... :  ..,  r  •'.. ;  _  .2v -'.':  --:, -n:.  )2'._:*:•  1::t., I'..) ...; '..' i ' .  .),...:::::  t. ,, ..,  Ii r f..,iv  ••  •  1..0  4,  i- t  •  ,  .  ,i ',..,. r t. ,  d,  1•.)''I.:  ./.....;..)  'D  L•'... I  1 ...)  •.. i,:1 ;  • 4: . I !  !'' '•  .1  F,eptember 19, 191d. ORANDUM For:  Mr, FIlix Trankfurter, Ch,tirman, ttlr Labor Policies Bo-rd.  Fro  Ittisic Van Rleeck, Director, iitkuihn in Industry service.  Subject: Procedure ih dealing with requests for certification to employ **omen at night.  The essential features of the as endorsed  for controlling night ,c.)rk  the War Labor Policies Board are as follows:  *If in ear plant workirg on a contract or subcontract for the Federal Goverment the Wilr Department or the Navy, finds that the employment of 1161111111111 betileen the hours of ten P.N. awl six A.M. is necessary for the proseoution of the mar, the Secretary of W,Ar or the SlcretAry of the Navy, artier coalitions of employment recosaended in each instance by the Woman in Ifliastry Service of the Federal Department of Labor actiqt for the Secretary of Labor, will transmit through the state agency charged 4th enforcement of labor r certifims,te allowing the employment of vvomen at law, a temnorary night in the particular plant.for it. specified period.* Accor4ing to this plan the nscess:try procedure mill have t.vo :slain divisions: 1. Deterniination by the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the NILIry of the necessity for Increased production in the plant in ciuestion. 2. Determination by the Wotan in Iniustry Service actirg for the Secretary of Labor, of the conditions of egarloyment to be required. In both  and I thorough consideration will be given to the possibility of  avail% night shifts of  sicornea Of  such methods as employment of men over the  draft sate or unqualified for military service, the release of men from other ininstries, the extension of plants, the introiuction of industries into nen areas, the enr)loyment of tao day shifts of mornan, LLproved plant manageneat, or by a careful listribution of contrActs *4th dus regard to the local labor sup-ply. TO *wry out this plan ani  policy  the folloNing steps apreux to  be Mammary:   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  A  -21. The plant will file a request for & oertific,ite in the office of the ,ecrlt,try of _ Acs the Secretary of tne bun. 2. The officers representihg the Seeretary of War or the Secretmry of the Navy in industrial relations will at once ascertain the nature and extent of the contracts kith the federal government held by the plant mitatirg the 44,t) 3. At the same time the Secret.iry of Pita* or the Secretary of the Navy will trans.,- Lit to the Wom.sa in Inittstry Service, rerresentirg the Secretary of Labor, & Cory of the plant's applic.ition and a statea,ent of the nature of the contracts (to enable the Neuman in Industry Service to infer in what occupations the *omen are employed in the plant) ;ail the Division or Bureau having the contracts (to enable the ...iion4n in Iniustry Service to plan co-0 erittion in makirg the investivtion). 4. The Department or Bureau having the contract for the fulfillment of which the request for night 4ork is wade, will bs asked 47 the office of the Atcretary of Wr or the Secretary of the Navy to file a statement of the progress the contract ead its necessity from the point of view of production. This statement should also i wilds a stateulent of the capacity of other plants manufacturing the saws products ant the possibility of utilising them in such & way as to avoid night shifts for wan. 8. The War Industries Board will be asked for a stattnent of the possibility of meeting the situation through the policy of dealing with less essential industries in such & milky as to release more 'nn workers through conversion oi other plants to the nAnufactvre of the requirel products or throuch a clwzge in the distribution of zontracts for these products. 6. As soon -s the request of the plant and this data about the Divisions having contracts have been transmitted to the Woman in Industry Service, the Director of that Service will outline the essential fantii needel, ascertain data airmail, on file regar-Ung this plant, and request the appropriate Division or Burs,u to 4.4ske irwestigation of .vorking oonlitions affectizg won in order to ister.Line whether the plant has demonstrz.s - ted the necessity for night ..ork of oil:wall free the pout of vie•-. of problems of smuloyent as distinct from croluction of the ~kin conditions already prevailing, and what standards and eateguaris shc.:014 be established if night shifts are reco,Issended.  bi  designating the Division or Bura:Au to make the investigation the policy ef  this Wamais in Industry Service will be to call on  the  Division or Bureau htkving  oontru4t wherever that Bureau is equipT:ed with a force of women insTactors of labor coalitions. The reeenneadations resulting from this imestigation ..ind the facts outlined in it will form the basis for docisit.)a by the Secretary of Labor represented lir the Woman in Insluztry Service. 7. The entire plan will desirable to develop & field Service, but at all times it itpartment vitally concerned   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  be subject to charge if it is found possible Sad force under the direction of the laddifl in Industry soul.' be the policy to coor,erate with every other in the problem.  -3-  8. The Wcarran in Inc:Justly Service 411 notify the State Department of Labor that the request is under consileration ,ind will wherever possible associate the State Department with the Federal representative °nursed with responsibility for the inrestigation. 9. It ine.y prove delay-Able to kA.sk the State Department of Labor to hold hearirgs at soar point in these proceedings accordirg to the methoi aisaAjc alrealiy followel in Massachusetts by the liar 11,,ergency Initistrial CO Asil $111011.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  .ry Van Klimek, Director Wo;.,an in Industry Service.  WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD r 13, 1918) (To be Considered at Board Meeting Septembe  411  September 16, 1918.  TO THE GOVERNOR OF ALL STATES: MANUFACTURING REGULATIONS GOVERNING NIGHT WORK OF WOMEN IN PLANTS WAP, PRODUCTS FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. with the The increasing withdrawal of men from industry coupled imperative necessity enormous expansion of the war program has created the l industries. for the more extensive employment of women in the essentia men workers deAs their numbers increase while the available supply of for the conduct of creases, the departments of the government responsible permitting women to military operations are confronted with the problem of on is rebe eqployed on night shifts in plants where continuous producti danger of suffering quired, or of allowing machinery to stand idle with the our forces to go into the field under-equipped and under-munitioned.  Recog-  nizing the threat of permanent impaircent of labor standards which the situants tion enfolds, the Tjar Labor Policies Board, speaking for all the departme of the government vitally concerned, regards it as a matter of the highest public importance th:7,t, it shall formulate a program Whi.th, while meeting adequately the necessity for immediate production, will maintain the necessary safeguards for women workers. From the beginning of the war, it has been the policy of the government to oppose short-sighted attempts to relax labor laws.  Long hours of work  and employment seven days in the week tend to decrease rather than increase production.  410  It has been demonstrated that continuous and unregulated night  work for woman is harmful because of its bad effects on nealth, morals,   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  -2Regulations Governing Night Work of Women etc.  • family life and the welfare of children.  Before the war it was forbidden  by international treaties in European countries.  Several important in-  night work for women. dustrial states in this country have laws prohibiting be repealed. It is of the utmost importance that these laws should not  Yet  d by the patriotic the evidences are increasing that these conditions reinforce production may impulse in favor of measures that seem to lead to increased patient endeavor secure the repeal of statutes which it has taken years of through a to secure, unless wise plans are devised for meeting the problem more far-sighted policy. in the This policy must be devised also in the light of the fact thd.t forlarge majority of states the employment of women at night is neither bidden by law nor subject to regulation.  Irrespective of the necessity for  night work of women, it is now in many of the important centers of industry an established fact, with no state law at present to restrict it.  In these  states women will be employed at night in increasing numbers and without supervision by the government unless some method is devised of restricting the practice to the occasion wherein the national need may justify its adoption.  leasures of protection throughout all the states must be taken  because industrial experience has demonstrated that it is in the interest of long continued production to safeguard health and industrial efficiency. The industrial efficiency of women workers is essential to the winning of the war and must be maintained by adequate safeguards against fatigue and excessive physical strain. • In all states, therefore, the FeJsral Govrnment will refuse to permit  411  night work of women on its war production so far as the exigencies of the   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  •  etc. Regulations Governing Night Work of Women,  war situation will permit.  subIf in any plant working on a contract or  the Navy finds contract for the Federal Government the War Department or M. and six A. M. that the employment of women between the hours of ten P. of War or the is necessary for the prosecution of the war, the Secretary recommenied in ouch Secretary of the Navy, under conditions of euployrent l Department of instance by the Woman in Industry Service of the Federa it through the state Labor acting for the Secretary of Labor, will transm ary war certificate agency charged with enforcement of labor laws a teapor particular plant for a allowing the euploynent of women at night in the specified period.  work these In states having laws prohibiting night  of the Federal Government certificates will be issued under the war powers a war emergency has and will be a declaration to the state officials that night work should be arisen requiring that local regulations regarding period. superseded in a particular plant for a specified  In states at  wor:en the same regulations present having no law prohibiting night work of will take effect beginning December first, 1918.  No plant working on a  will be allowed contract or sub-contract for the War Department or the Navy M. without a thereafter to enploy women after ten P. M. or before six A. war emergency certificate. will Thorough investigation preceding the issuance of a certificate shoull be determine the necessity for night work and the safeguards whi-h g a permit established for the women employed, and eadi establishment holdin e than_ be under the continued supervision of the Woman in Industry Servic of the Department of Labor or of a federal agency designated by it.  •  agencies In the enforcement of the regulations the cooperation of state   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  -4-  411  Regulations Governing Night Work for Women  will be sought, as it has already been secured in the working out of this plan, and the powers confided to the various departments and bureaus of the federal government will be invoked to the fullest extent. Certificates will be issued only when the necessity therefor has been demonstrated and when it has been established to the satisfaction of the government that the working conditions in the plant conform to the standards set by the federal government, including the provision that women doing the same work as men shall receive the same pay.  Fulicompliance  will be required with the proons for health, safety and comfort demanded in the state labor la.,  A plant holding a certificate will be required to  limit the employment of women by day or night to shifts of eight hours or  •  less, and rotating shifts will be encouraged.  A cercate will be con-  tinued in force only so long as the required standards are maintained, It will be the policy to withhold a certificate unless it shall be Eade apparent that it has been inpracticable to avoid the necessity therefor by the employment of men over the draft age or unquaed for military service, by the release of lien from other industries, by the extension of plants, by the introduction of industries into new areas by two day shifts of women, or by improved management.  The departaents will endeavor also  to minimize the necessity for issuing certificates by a careful listribution of contracts with due regard to the local labor supply. It is believed that this plan of regulating night work for woLen in all states, while meeting the need of imLlediate production: will remove the incentives to repeal of state laws against night work, will maintain  •  https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  a 4  411  Regulations Governing Night V:orL. for Vomen. the necessary safeguards for women v7orl:prs and will insure that their intriaduction into night work shall be limited, to the period of emergency. „oreover, it will render it certain that those periods of emergency will be restricted to the tiae when, through the recruiting and mobilization of men workers -ithdrawn from other fields, or the better utilization or distribution of labor within the field, production will be adequate. Further, it is believed that through the decrease of labor turnover Which  will result from the adoption of standards and the creation of improved working conditions, and through the more vivid realization by all participants in industry that the price of delay is the blood of our men at the front, ',reduction will be secured to the point whore the employLent of women at night may become unnecessary.  •  https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  ,  ,  :  t  LI   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  -.17i0 simians  z  s..  t,   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  (•   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  44.•••  t  12,(% v." :  t•-:  01.1 1 4.  ,  ihtrf •,7  t..  t. y  •t.,-  —  ' A  A  •  ;  :  y  ;  1  t  n  ••:1• •••••••••To  • „  thcv.:•.• :7,y;ric.;  ,  -  •• • , i  +.-i I   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  .*  I  .. I. •  I  •  r  `.1-  •   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Se0Appltialsbe6, 1918,  SUGG7STY.D. DR!,FT  IT  Tur  MUM !ZIGIIT OI JWOMI TO BE "1AR LABOR DOLICI?SBO  m ince of men is 4ithdrawn fro As 1r 1. I.Iy 1,m.re4.siin4 for need for ..,,ntinnous proe• rvice, the urgent national dustry for milit.xy ts for permission has led to frequent reques auction of 7bnitions of ore regards Labor Policies Board theref 4.,:2 women at bight. The War to which will ade.. anr:s to formullte a progr,4m ort imp lic pub of ter a mat as it necessary tion, while maintaining the duc pro of ds nee the t y mee quatel safeguards for women workers. From the beginning of the  of the r\i• it los been the policy  hted givernrient to oppose short-sig  s. Long at'empte to relax labor law  to decre,se rlther seven days in the week tend hours of work And employment tinuous And unis recognized Also that con thln increase proinctian. It effect on n is trArmful because of its bad voe for k ..ar ht nig itd re.plt ore the ..wir and the welfare of children. Bef health, morals, famqy life untries. ntion-1 treaties in the M.Irope'll c.3 It .afts forbidden by intern e .prohibiting l et'tes in this country hve lAw Severn' imp ,vtant Industrin h la-is pro the utmost importance th,A suc night work for wmen. /t is of niar15 uld not be reperaild or the sthibiting nizht ,lork of women shJ legal, it is se stltes in Nhich night work is through them lo-:erect. In tho ther emrloyment of 'omen sh uld be fur of s ion dit con the t tha ant import safeguArded. s !ork for v!Amen in r .11t , th-t night , ore ref thm d ile dec n bee It 11;14 Goverment should with contrcte for the Moral working on or in connection l permit and gencies of the nr situation Al be prevented so ttr s the exi Secretary of offIcial cortific te of the will be auth)rizsd only upon the  War or Navy.  Stich certificate sh,uld be in the form of a declaration to.  the proper state officials thnt a war var,enc2; his arisen in a particular plant for a particular time.  By this method, if FL4y terTorary de-  viation fray_ conditions prescribed by law should be demonstrated to be necessrtry, the necessity for it 'Ill be determined solely by the national govern--ItI vil the n3I1 will he :et -rithont permanent or sweeni-Ig chaaes ba-Atate labor i:71wLI.  Furthermore, woL)en will be protected egaiellt the dan-  gers of nijlt work in states now legally permitting it. I: the necessity for the enployment of women between the hours of 10 P. :1. and 6 A. M. is demonstrated, and if working c:,nditions satis/ factory to the Federal Governpent are established, the Secretary of War of the Secretry of the :Very, under c,nditions approved by the Woman in Industry Service of the U. S. Departnent of Labor, will transmit th the state agency charged with enforceAst of labor in:Ns a temporary war certificate allowing the employment of women at night in the particular plant for a specified period and will request the State agencyto co-operate in the enforcement of the limitations specified in each certificate.  These  3ertificates will be isgued under the war powers of the federal government plants in states where night work has been legally resorted to in the past will come under the same regulations beginning December 1, 1918.  No plant  working on a war contract for the federal government will be allowed there after to euploy women after 10 P.TL or before 6  A.M.  without a war emergency  certificate. Thorough investigation will determine the necessity for night work and each establishment holding a certificate shall be under the continued supervision of a designated federal dep artment.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  It should be emphasized