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WU»t before you today Tar aonaid«ration «ad deolaloa a grave probl«a ftff»*tlf^r our forelga relation* and our n*tlo»al eeeurlty. The Brit lain vtoveraM*at h&e imfwtmmd tht ^ovtnuMftt of tlit United 9tftt«« that i t 4 U i>« obliged la the very future to difteofttlim* I t s ym%%»mm of financial smk ftl«tAnoe to Oree<M« Th# 8e«rfftar3r of state has re«*lved fro» the wreek 0OT« an urgeat appoal for fla»nei^l, e«ofioaUe9 and export %«#lataaoe from the Halted fttatee* A«#l§t«ii#o In laperfttlve, the Oreo* OoYerMeeat taye# I f Qr«e«e i t to »«rrlTe a a a freo gorerfMieat* ar^eoo l a today without tw&.« to f ln^i oe the Importation «¥oa of thooe gojoda vhloh are oneeatlAl for bare aatoeleteaoe* Ottder thea« olrouaietaaoev, the Ore#k OoT«riMMiat laforaa aa» the pttple of Oreeae oaaaot aake progr*as la -2- probl»«$ of reooaatruoUon. Tho ortik QoTgrwint therefore aak« for fla&nQlal nad eeonoalo A»«l»tanoft for %hm following In order to *nabl* Or to* lmtedlately to r o u e pur«bae#t of food# ftlothing, fu«l t ••#*«, aoA t t e llk« 0 that «ro lap* dl»p#n»abl« for th« •t&elptenoo of h*r t>oopX« and th^t «tr« obtalnablo only froai abroad! In ordor to oMhlo tfct olvll »a<i oilit^ry «stsbll ha*ttt« of tho dreok aov«n»#Rt to import tho g#oA» nooe«oarj for restoration of tto»t trwi-uilllty ao4 lnt^rnaX «eourity whioh aro «oo«atl«X for oooaottio aM politioal r*c»oY«ryf A«d la ordor to oaabl» Oreooo to er*at« ooadltiono vhloh will ««ko possible future ««lf-support. n n a l l j tbo i*r«<iic ao¥«m—nt aokc for tho &«alst«aoo of oxparloiiooA Mwrloaa aduinietrativ©, eooiio«io aad teohnloal to luaurv th« utlllsAtloA in aa off•otive aaaaor of this financi 1 **MA oth*r Ai»li«(taao« plr*n to 0r««o«f and to iiolp in tatlagUg about a h*altiqr oondltion lit tin* i l o m t H 9f*nomy MA publlo a&tlnlfttaffitlofw tfeo §*•** Qovmrtmmt •xprmm** I t s dtli»lnaUoft to 0riM< * «*lf-supporting ana «*lf~r*»f)#otiaK AiMenuqr, but l U t t i %im% l M ui i of dim olrau»atan*«* i t Must tav« •!« from M Mt M th« outsite. X AP not b»Xl«fV« thaX th# fiMirt—n ptopl* or wiiii this Ctoir«miKmt to tarn A d#«f «mr to thin <i«ap«F*t« X tiier«for« aak you to grant to <h« itaNmtivw »«ffiatont authority to «st#Mft to flum tho atMlvtaneo roqalrod toy fto liritioh w i r w i t !»« *l»o mfonttd « that i t mix bo in position to grant flnanalal or ooono^lo a««lo» to tuHtojr. X also askf thorofore, «• for rsasons vhloli ootUne — that Uongross grwit to th» E«HmtiYo « i f n olont autu rlty to tsxtond nssttt •»«ifitenoo to fiaiHUSf. Xn Wklsg f l m i «Wps X an fuXly m r « of thsir larger iapllaatlonft, ana I viah to praaant aotia of thaaa to ftmm <mm of tfaa priaary oaJa*tlT«* of tha ibralg* poliay of tha Unit** stataa l a tHa araatiao of ocutfltlona in vhiah m aatiom w i l l ba afela to work o«t a way of U f a fraa with Uaraany an* «fat>aii# our vlatory van % n ovar ocmntrla* m whioh nought to ittpoaa tbair v i U upon ottear nation*. l a orAar to araata aooditlona for paaaaful daralopAaat of nation* fraa froa aoaralon9 tha unitaa atat*« ha* takaa a laadlag part in aatabUaaing tha nita* KaUona# which i« oaalgoa* la naka poa«itaia fraaioa ami ln4ayaaAan<a for a l l i t a a*aaar*# «*a K i l l not go *m*f far in raallting oar objaativaa, howarar, aala** «a ara willing to halp fraa paoplaa to Maintain thalr fraa Instltutlona and thair national lntagrity againat aggro**! aoraaaatt that aaak to lapoaa apon Hias totalitarian ragimia* fhia l a no aora than a frank raaognition that tha larpoaition of totalitarian rai^laaa n fraa paoplaa, ay t i r a a t or inAiraat ion, aaps tha vary fbundaUona of lntamatlonal paaaa and ties security of the United states. an appraisal of the present world situation shows that Majorities in a nunber ef eoiintrles of the world have hart tariaa regines inposed upon then against their w i l l . In i ttent nsnths the Qovnyimsnt of the muted states has protests against eoerelon and Ifttinldatlon, in violation of the efreeneat, in > oland, Runsnla, and Bulgaria. X aust alas it in a marts* of other sunntUss there have been At th# prenant ^osxont in world iiltlarj i t aonf^ontad with alternative ways of llf«» too oft#n not a fraa ona. naarly ***TIF nation And tha aholaa la (>it* way of l i f t i t batad upon tbt m i l of tha majority, fraa lnttltutlont, rtprttantativt governttant, frta ala«tlont # goartatata of indivldital liberty, frtadom of aad religion, and frttdwa froa p o l i t i c * ! eppreaalon# the way of l i f e i t baaed upon the lapoeitlon of the will of a Minority upon a aajorlty, upon eontrol of the i>reee and other asans of sew—unl cation by n sinority, and upon terror an* oppression. I believe that i t srnet b» the poliey of the U n i t * states to give support to free peoples who arc attempting to resist subjugation l g a m i winorltios or outside foroes. ar It aust ba our pcliqy to a a t i t t fraa r>oopl«« to work out thalr own dastiny in thalr own way. Xt i« laiparative to our aaaorlty tliat va halp tha (hpaak nation to praaarre i t s frae ln«titutlon« 9 f ur halp aiuit ¥a priaarily in the fora of the eeonooio and flnanalal aid whloh i s n#e#«sarar for the oraation of a ttabl* #©or^aie struotura la i^raaaa. fha Ghartar of tha United Nation* pr«euppoees a world of frae nation*, in helping eu«a nations to Maintain their tr*9- doa mat independence, the United states would be giTiag effeet to the purposes and prinelples of the Qiarter. I t would be an unspeakable tragedy If eountrles, sueh as -7, wnleh have struggled 00 Ion*; for their independence overwhelming odds, shoulti lose that victory for will oh they saerlfload so nuoiu Collapse of free institutions aat l o s s of iiwlspsiwlaass vould b« disasters not only for thai bat for th« world. liooar^g«»#nt «n« po««lbly failurt oklf b« th« l o t of neighboring ptoplos eng«««d in to Miintaifi ttolr froadoa «»4 ind^>«nd«nooA A chit in of this sort would v«ry quioXly unA«r«lti« our n«tlon«l aeoarlty. l» not «t«tlo» th« ^t>tag quo in not aaoroA «Ad but at aaarttary Bgrrnos said a yaar aip, *wt cannot a unilateral gnaving away at the eta^if <mo. the united Nations Charter,* said Hr# Bgrrnes, ••forbids aggression and we cannot allow aggression to be neeowplished by eoerolon or pressure or by subterfuges euoh as ;>olitioal infiltration*. Qresos has never been a rioh country. Poverty of natural resource* has always required that the Oreek people work hard in order to aaalte both ends vest, this hard-working and peaeeful people has slnee 1940 suffered Invasion, four years of •nail enemy occupation, And i internal strifo amounting at tl»es So civil vir. tfhc* • r i t i s h forces of liberation entered Greece they found that the r<*trcfttin« cation. 0«WMUI« had cinatroytd a l l ttaans of ao»munl- Fort f a o i l i t i * * had bean wr«akad9 roada had d«gan«ratad into a Miaaaaaion of pot hoXaa9 t«loooawiunication* war* ateott «m««xl«t«iit f and nin*ty jxiroant of th« Or««k aarahant «arina, whioh had totaled two million %on» bafora tha war, had •unfc. In a l l Qtwm thara tvaainad only six lo<K>»atlvaa laaa than 100 freight aar«» Hailmqr triiaica had baan «ytt«a~ fttieaily rlppad \*p. Mora than a thousand Tillage* had bean burned. &tghty~fiv* percent of the onlidren were tub«roular. LiTO«tookt poultry, *nti draft animal* had al»oat diaapreared. And inflation had wiped out praotleally a l l eavlnga. It i* not aurj>ri«ii5g that a ailltant minority ehould have been able to •xploit the frightful eonditlon* under whleh the tfreek people have been obliged to l i v e , t h i s internal strife tuts generated a political instability wiiieh lifts wads i t lapot~ alfele to get the •ouBtrylB •oonoay on i t s feet. the United gtatcs Has already extended to Oreeee eertain types cf relief and eeonomio ussistanee. these are i s now in areeee, «t the request of the oree *n Aaerieftii Eeononie uission ens»ininfe the needs of ths Ureek . Although the investigations of this # ission are not i t s preliaiaary re^^rts, and the reports of the Astrlew /aibassador, eorrobomte the statement of the ureek ^overrusent as to the argent noed for further aid. the Greek ^ovenuRent in %-,0**r today repreeents eighty-fiTe pereent of the ambers of the OreeK Parliament, fhe eXeetione for the lireex Parliament, i t will be r««alled # were held last Harsh under the eyes of fifteen hundred Aaerlean, British, sad bouth Afriean observers invited by Hie Oree* Government, these observers spent the tuo sonths preeeding the elee~ tions observing ?>re-eleotion oondltlons throughout It 1» their opinion that ttw nlootlona were fair and that to* Parliament Is the true oh'lee of the aaj^rity of voters, p o l i t i e s ! groups representing at nost about fiftee* pereent of ttm electorate &taat*in«4 froa th« pollt, bat a gvaat •ajority of thoaa •lltitole to mU oa«t thair ballots. la parfaet. (>na of the ahlaf vlrtuaa of •laibla and uaftar AanaaraUa proaaaaas oan 1M pointaA omt raatifiad. 4*raaa«'« govan«ant in not parfaat. I t hat operating in an at*oaj»tiare of ahaos and extreala^ # and It naa • a i t oistall#•• f t e •xtenaion of aid toy this eountry doea not that this (toverotteftt anaionaa every toting that the Oraak hue dona or v i l l do # He have oondaaned in tka past and we da aondssin now any ©xtraaist tiaasuras of the right or of the l e f t . *»e have In the T>ast advised toleranee and we i t now. The vary existanaa of the) Ores* State i s today -11toy the amsd doprsdatlons of asvaral thousand dissidents, lad toy Oowmiiists, «hf> dafy tte GfwrNM»nt'» authority at a mater of points, partl«olarly iil^ng the northern tonundaries. A Comilsalon appointed toy t t e United MAUORS visanrlty Ooimaii i s at pr«s#ttt investigatlnc dlstartos4 •osdltlons in northern Oysd• and raportad toordar violations along list frontier toatva*n Ora«o© on ths ona tend and Albaalft, ft«lgarla, and YugoalnTia on the other. Haamdills tte Or#«k OoTaraaant Is unanls to oopa with t t e situation. 2fha areak Arny i s snall t and poorly •quipped. If t t e t Army I s to toa affaoUvs in rt»«torlnK tte aathority of t t e frraak stats thro^hout i t s t«rrltory # i t trill raqulra sqpplift* and aquipsMMit to paratit i t s r#orgAiilsatlon; and i t v i l l roqulra a tettar funotlonlnf aaanony to support i t * If arstao i s to haYa halp in this orltloal situation^ t t e United Btatos mtst supply i t . Xter* i s no otter anitntry to vi.lah (tssiosyatla Qmm** smn turn. the Jrttlah Government, vhlah hae been aaalstlns Oreeee, hat informed u« that It dan give no further financial or toonoalo aid in this e r l e i e . Ovamt Britain finds i t e e l f under th« neoeaalty of reAualng or liquidating l t a eoanltKenta in awaral parts of Vtm vorld, i eluding Clraaaa and Turk ay. It woitXd b« difficult to over awphaalsa the laportanoa cf thaaa davtlopwantft to tha United tatea and to Aaarlaan fcralgn poli I t la neaeaaary only to glance at a Map to realise that the | rvival m& Integrity of the ftreak nation u of grave loiportanee in a »ueh wider »ltuatir>n. If Oreeee ahould fall under the eontrol of an amed minority, the effeet upon her nei^ibor, Turkey, would be In^odlate end nerioan. Indeedt eonfaalon ana oiaorder ^Ight well apread throughout the ontlre Kiddle Kaet. Her l i this a l l . There are eountrlee In Korope vhoee people are «truf-glin|: agalnat great difficulties *n& to Mlntaln their freedo«e and their indeponclenee while they repair the damages of war. Should ttrsee* f a l l in her struggle, the effect nay be far-reaching to the West as m i l as to the East. the future of ¥urkey as an independent and economically sound stats Is dearly no i s s s Important, turkey has happily been sparsd the disasters that have bssat Orsset. And during ths vmr tb* United >tat#s and Orsmt Britain furnish** Turkey with rsry Material aid. sinoe the ismr# however, Turkey has sought additional financial assistance froa both Great Britain and the United states for the purpose ot effecting that modernisation of Its defensive establishment* that the aaintenanee of I t s Independence requires. the British Oovernaent has informed us that due to i t s own d i f f i c u l t i e s , It will not be In a position In the future to extend further financial or economic aid to Turkey. I t i s therefore my opinion be given to Turkey, that assistance should also lie are the only country able to giv* that -14help, »ind i t i s in our v i t a l interest to do so. The situ ., In mf opinion# requires laswdlate and 6 no lute aetion. 1 k l f l M f l ask the Congress to act with the greatest speed in providing authority for ? sslstanae to Greeoe Vurkey 1A the amount of $400#0O0#0O0 for tho period June 30# 1940. In re vesting theiie foods, I hare taken into oonslderatloii the m s l e m amount of relief asslataAM hich i t i s oont^aplftted voulA b* furnWied to (Mreeae out of th« I360#0009000 vhioh I r^oently reque ted that the Congr^ee authorise for tht prevention of starvation and «ufferl i* in countries devaetateA by the war. In addition to funds, X & f the Goagr«ss to aathorize ac the detail of Aaerloan civili*n and military pereonnel to eee and Turkey, t tha requost of those t t m t r i e s , to assist in tasks of •«lnt* nance and reeonntruction, and for the purpose of supervising th# ua« of sueh fln&nolrl and aoatstaji** at aay bo famls***. x that authority also •« proYldtd for th* lastraatloa tralalag or s«loot*d #r#«* and furkirti p«raa«a*l* ria«lly t 1 «rit that th# Oonippf «P ororld* authority wMch will p«mit %h* »p99&l9tt and «»tt affiHitlT* uiw9 la ftmm d aaatet of euch fuadt at may • • If further fund«f or further a«tterlty f should be iu»od«4 far p«rpa<i« « Ii0lcftti»4 la thin aa««fige9 2 shall aat hanl%ata to bring the situation bffor* Coagn>s«. t h i s la a tlaa wh*o the Kxoautlva aad LaglaXativo fcranahas of tho ovTiMiont miet work ta^othar ox «dltlou»ly A ami la olaao ooorrtln-.tlon, to ward off daagoro whloh aro no loss oortala to affoot tbt po^.ao# security, asd prosporlty of the nation booaase thoy ar« a atop r«M*»4 in tlmo aad ipaoo.
