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Preliminary Draft SOME FARM PROGRAMS NEEDED TO MAINTAIN AND INCREASE FARM PRODUCTION AND TO HOLD DOWN FOOD SHORTAGES AND INFLATION Proposed by James G. Patton, President, National Farmers Union March k, Preliminary Draft SOME FARM PROGRAMS WEEDED TO MAINTAIN AND INCREASE FARM PRODUCTION AND TO HOLD DOWN FOOD SHORTAGES AND INFLATION, Proposed "by James G. Patton, President, National Farmers Union. The proposals herewith presented are suggested for action during the coming months to improve war production on farms "before the Spring of 19M*-. Other steps than those suggested here are undoubtedly needed now. These proposals do not call for full conversion *t agriculture to meet the demands of total war. Agriculture has "by its nature lagged "behind industry in conversion to total war. Full conversion will require more time than in any other section of our national life. Compared to the British, or the other major nations, our farming has just begun to convert. We should be no slower than the unchangeable cycles of seasons, crops and livestock. It is probable that extraordinary food demands will last through at least the next three crop seasons. Therefore, our farm policy should be based on the needs and possibilities for conversion in that period, rather than being month-to-month and year-to-year adjustments. But for the i$&3 crop season, a short view and fast action are essential. There are gaps in the program offered. However, it is presented with hope that even this much improvement will be of great value. Some of these proposals are now before the Congress in restricted or incomplete form. The principles of others have been adopted by the Department of Agriculture, but plans for their execution are insufficient. Still others are under discussion in the Department, and could be acted upon quickly. One of the proposals, that for neighborhood machinery and labor pools, has been put into action in one State already by farmers independently of direction from Washington. Maintaining and increasing farm production depends upon two types of activities: 1. the direction and organization of present production facilities to insure their most efficient use, in terms of the changed food requirements; 2. the enlargement of our farm plant to allow fuller use of the labor and other capacities of seme 4,000,000 farmers whose operations are below minimum standards of efficiency. To this should be added the necessity for a rapid overhauling of our practices in processing and consuming farm products, so as to attain greater use from our supply. Both the Job on the farm and the portion of the job which lies between the farmer1s gate and the consumer's table require better leadership by Government. This leadership must place more local responsibility on farmers, their organizations and committees. Government leadership would be better understood and would elicit more effective effort if it came from a single integrated direction of the war at home. This might be attained by administrative action or by adoption of the Tolan-KilgorePepper Bill, the principles and provisions of which have the full support of our organization. Here, in summary, are the major proposals which we are now making: - 2 (1) Invest at least one billion dollars of production capital in the most suit able of the 4,000,000 less-productive farms, and extend them appropriate farm manage ment assistance so as to secure approximately a 10 per cent increase in our civilian food supply during kkk (2) Organize neighborhood machinery and labor pools throughout the nation to increase the efficient full-time use of equipment and manpower on our 2,000,000 most efficient farms. (3) Insure adequate skilled farm labor by increasing the Presidents $65,000,000 special farm labor budget request, promptly putting that program into effect so that a land army of 1*00,000 mobile workers can be organized and utilized under government supervision. (h) Encourage heavier production and use of feeds, making U.S. and Canadian supplies of wheat available at low prices. Subsidize cotton producers to encourage a more rapid shift from cotton production to livestock, oil crops and livestock feeds. (5) Extend more guaranteed prices to farmers, including crop insurance on all high risk production. Maintain present farm price levels, but adjust Individual prices by means of guaranteed flforward0 pricing so as to use prices to direct the production effort into the right channels; supplement this by incentive payments for increasing production, especially for milk. (6) "Revise 19^3-^4 ^oals into line with possibilities opened up by the above program, and allow individual farmers more leeway in deciding which products to grow (7) Further consolidate Federal farm agencies at county and state levels; double or triple the number of farmers on official committees who, in the last analysis, have the know-how, the ability to get the job done. (8) Rationalize food processing and distribution, utilizing nutritious foods now being neglected, cutting out frills and luxuries; get more efficiency out of our supply of calories, vitamins and minerals. UNDER-EMPLOYED FARMERS Figures are now available which for the first time allow an accurate analysis of the minimum production possibilities of our farmers. These figures indicate that Less than two million farms are adequate in their land, equipment, credit and management resources to use at full efficiency the labor of one or more farm families. The farms which are experiencing a labor shortage are to be found among this less than two million. On four million other farms there is no over-all labor shortage, but rather there is an underemployment of labor on most of them. This is due to lack of land, credit, equipment and modern management practices. To determine the number of farms on which large and rapid increases of production could be obtained, ve requested the assistance of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. The Bureau had available new information from the 19^0 Census which enabled it to indicate accurately the number of farms immediately available for increases. This information is contained in the attached letter (Appendix 1) and is summarized in - 3 Table I. It shows 1,636,000 such farms. This figure includes about 250,000 present Farm Security borrowers. By our pwn estimates, based upon a further analysis of Census data, these farms are distributed about equally between the Northern and Southern states, the number in each State and Region being shown in Table II. From 10 to 20 per cent of the farms listed in each State are now receiving FSA assistance; the national average is 15 per cent. To calculate the minimum increaaed production possible from these families, we have assumed that the production record established by 463,000 FSA borrowers during 1942 (appendix 2) can be extended to the 1,390,000 similar farms. We have also assumed that present FSA borrowers, if assistance is continued for them, could secure approximately the same increases in 19^3 as in 1942. By using the Regional production figures for FSA borrowers on these nine important war products, we have estimated that the entire group of 1,840,000 farmers could make the increases in their production on these commodities shown in Table III. Important increases will be secured in all other commodities in addition to these nine, and much food will also be produced for home use, thereby lowering the drain by low income farmers on the Nation's food supply. We estimate that the total effect of such a program would be the production of three-quarters of a billion dollars1 worth of food at farm prices, or about 5 per cent of the expected national total for 1943 • It would, however, represent 7 per cent of the supply available for civilian consumption, assuming that the amount available for civilians is not further reduced during the coming year. The initial investment for such a program would be approximately one billion dollars, with increased food available in the first year of about one and a half billion dollars at consumers1 price levels* This would represent $1.50 in new food supply for every $1.00 advanced. Virtually all of the dollars advanced would be repaid within 2 or 3 years, making the cost of administration the only cost. It is true that such a program, which would call for a tripling of the FSA operations, cannot get in full swing in time to get full benefits, from the 19^3 crop season. Nevertheless, much could be done to increase livestock production before the Spring of 1944 and to prepare for the following crop-year. Loan operations of FSA have been restricted by lack of funds. Assistance to farmers has been on a minimum basis. A real program of building up to efficiency will produce considerably greater results• The important thing to remember is that, without help the big majority of these farms will make no increase in production; they will constitute drains on the food supply produced by other farmers. They must be given management assistance as well as credit to build up their capital. Not only the experience of FSA, but the independent Judgments of qualified economists have verified this fact. LABOR AND MACHINERY Our proposals for insuring adequate supplies of labor and machinery include provisions for immediate action to organize and use present resources on a neighborhood basis. However, we must have a reliable land army of volunteer civilians to meet seasonal needs for mobile labor. To succeed, this plan must guarantee the workers minimum standards and provide that producers needing their labor make contracts with the government so that maximum man hours of productive work will be obtained. Machinery utilization can be made more efficient. Maximum use can be obtained by community agreements. Farmers' machinery-and-repair cooperatives should be assured government aid when needed. Machinery pools can draw in privately owned implements • konly if (a) the owner is guaranteed first call on his own implement; and (b) the government gives him a guarantee that the machinery will "be maintained in working order, to be returned to him in as good condition as when he pooled it, or if depreciated or worn out will "be replaced by a new implement* This pooling of machinery and labor can best be carried out on a democratic co-operative basis. PRICES AND GOALS AS TOOLS IN INCREASING FOOD PRODUCTION In, of and by themselves, prices cannot be relied upon to produce war vital foods in the kinds and quantities needed. But properly adjusted and used with other tools, prices can be of great service. Reliance upon parity prices will not get increased food production* Increase of parity prices by the inclusion of cost of labor paid and/or unpaid, will not do the Job. Parity was not invented or designed to get productionj its purpose was to assure the relative position of farmers in our economy* The present farm price level is about right to help product!on--neither too high nor too low. Prices must be stabilized at the present level. But, within the list of farm prices, adjustments downward and upward are necessary in order to get the kinds and quantities of foods and fibres most needed. The USDA has done well in keeping livestock feed prices from spiralling upward. Wheat production has finally been turned loose, after long urging by the Farmers Union. Better distribution of corn and wheat acreages will increase production of both crops. Prof. Theodore W. Schultz, of Iowa State College, in his pamphlet "Farm Prices for Food Production* Just published, and attached hereto as an appendix, sets forth in Table Ik, Page 38, the extent to which he believes parity prices are out of line, from the point of view of getting maximum production of the crops most needed. In a series of tables (Tables 6, 7, 9, 11 and 12) he gives his estimate of the beet farm price to assist in getting required production of each principal vital crop. Dr. Schults also proposes important changes in the goals for various commodities. In applying these goals to individual farms the effort to award mechanically quotas to individual farms on the basis of a county average should be discontinued, in order not to misuse land, labor and machinery. I have examined these tables and Dz\Schultz f s supporting arguments and am of the opinion that the adjustment of goals an^prices he proposes will contribute greatly to increased production and should be adopted. Such adjustments will not result in an increase in the total price for all farm production* In addition to price changes, we urgently need incentive or bounty payments for increasing production as proposed by Secretary Wickard. This proposal is a MUST, and the Administration should immediately announce the details of plans to extend it to milk and milk products. Farmers also must have assurance of minimum support prices on many more commodities, as the Farmers Union has repeatedly pointed out. The special war crop advances being made with EACC funds should be made available for livestock production. Crop insurance plans are ready for high risk crops, but should be revised to include, in addition to production costs, at least the normal return which would be made on the commodity being displaced by tho high risk crop. Farmers must have something which -5approximates the guarantee extended to industry in constructing and/or operating additional war plants. Perhaps an individual farm contract for certain commodities would "be a part of the answer. Farms are war plants, and in expanding our farm plants the government now asks the fanner to assume much more risk than any industrial fira has undertaken. FOOD UTILIZATION Much effort has been devoted to price control and rationing of farm products. Little attention has yet been paid to eliminating waste of manpower and materials in assembling and processing our foods. Little attention has been paid to fuller use of some of our best sources of good nutrition. Nothing has been done to introduce mass feeding, particularly in war factories, as a great saving of both food and manpower. We suggest the rationalizing of milk distribution as a good place to start. We suggest also much fuller use of our supply of skimmed milk and steps toward the eventual elimination of white flours, if that becomes necessary. Food utilization in itself offers great economies and merits extended examination and fast action to promote conservation of our scarce supplies. DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION Many more farmers must be allowed to bear responsibility in the farm programs. Total war will call for much greater individual responsibility and discipline in what has been an almost unorganized industry. Problems cannot be solved by officials away from the grass roots nor can the will to succeed be developed unless comparable democratic responsibility is made possible. As part of such a change should come the unification of government agencies dealing with farmers, and the unification of the war effort at the top. DETAILED SUGGESTIONS FOR FABM PROGRAM A. TO INCREASE PRODUCTION BY UNDEREMPLOYED FARMERS: 1. Use credit alone» with responsibility resting on County War Boards for aggressive action; private credit, PCA's, RACC as sources; AAA, county agents, War Board Loan representatives, and FSA supervisors to give advice at time of loan. 2. Greatly expand supervised credit program for full-time farmers. Should reach at least 1,000,000 out of 1,385,000 farmers best situated to use it, and be continued for IJ.60,000 present Farm Security borrowers. Funds needed: approximately a billion dollars at once. Build up an adequate staff to furnish the necessary type of farm management assistance. Use both FSA and AAA personnel. 3. Adopt a farm expansion program for farms now fairly well operated but too small. Lease available land adjoining them to expand to fully efficient basis. This should reach a quarter million fanners. They will need in addition some credit, machinery, and livestock. A Joint Extension Service and FSA program. k. Establish procedure and authority for consolidating farm units wherever and whenever opportunity arises. This applies to areas where farms are now much too small, and to many farms that have been or will be vacated as employment opportunities open up further. This requires methods similar to those used in the Tenant Purchase (Bankhead-Jones) program. -65. Set up a special loan program for part-time farmers, elderly farmers% subsistence f armSt and share - croppers, who can not handle a full-size production loan, but can develop one particular product, such as poultry. Between a million and two million farms are available for such projects. 6. Give special assistance to farm cooperatives for handling the increased production which will result from the above program as well as the increases already projected in the USDA 19^3 program. Cooperatives are also needed to make heavy equipment available for efficient use by small farmers, and to furnish other farm supplies. 7. Insure increased production of farm machineryf particularly horse-drawn equipment and small toolsf that these programs will need. These seven points will shift more livestock to low-income farm areas, produce more livestock feeds, improve land-use in those areas, and use the labor of low-income farmers much more fully. B- TO MAINTAIN AND INCREASE PRODUCTION ON 2,000,000 MOST EFFICIENT FAKMS: 1. [Launch at once a nationwide drive to organize neighborhood "Machinery and Labor Fools ,ff as already underway in Ohio under the leadership of state Farm Bureau and Grange, and as planned by the National Farmers Union through our local, county, and state War Mobilization Councils. Every community is to be divided Into neighborhood groups of five to ten farmers for this purpose. Is to be initiated and led by farmers with the aid of all government employees in each area. Program will increase custom use of equipment, develop machinery co-ops for heavy equipment where desired. Present equipment owners must be given a guarantee of replacement when replacements became available, if they will pool their equipment under caramunity direction. A parallel pooling of repair facilities is necessary, cooperative repair centers, being set up where needed. In case of extreme shortages of equipment, County War Boards should have authority to commandeer equipment, with guaranteed repayment to owners for use. Present machinery is far from being used to capacity on many farms, while other farmers are trying to get along with obsolete equipment. Labor exchange among neighbors is to be exhausted before other labor is brought into caramunity by government agencies. 2. Start mobilization of "U.S. Crop; Corps.tf> simultaneously insisting that Congress appropriate necessary funds. Take definite steps now to have careful estimates made of the supply and demand in each local area for seasonal labor peaks. 3. Establish now short courses for at least 200,000 high school youths who will be available for the entire growing season and can be placed with individual farm families. (Courses are now planned for end of school terms). **• Make clear that the only solution to the needs for migratory labor is by immediate action to set up the mobile land army requested by the President. Failure to act soon will cut planting and later endanger many crops. Expand the proposed program from 275,000 to 400,000, and make it a volunteer enlistment for at least a year, with minimum living and wage conditions guaranteed by the government, the growers to contract with government for workers. Develop a group of labor utilization specialists to tackle problems of efficient labor use and efficient labor skills• Agriculture is the only industry which does not have such skilled assistance. -75. Double "budget request so as to train and place at least 100,000 year-round skilled workers from ranks of underemployed farmers. Offer housing and medical subsidies as partial incentive to attract back to farming some workers who left farms for industry. 6. Set up a Farmer Placement Service so that capable tenants or owners on less efficient farms can be promptly moved to better farms that have been vacated, or to farms where operator desires to retire but can't find a satisfactory replacement* C. FOR ALL FARMERS: 1# Put into effect crop Insurance (for all high-risk' crops) plans now developed by the Department of Agriculture • Plans should include repayment of all costs incurred, plus the normal net returns on the crop from which acres are being diverted. This approach would reach all farmers and be easier to administer than the RACC Special War Crop Advances. 2. Announce immediately the details of incentive payment program for milk. 3. Extend RACC Special War Crop Advances (non-recourse loans) to livestock production. k. Place definite price floors under poultry and other important products not now having adequate price supports. 5. Work out a war contract for the government to make directly with individual farmers for possible future use. 6. Enlarge purchase-placement program of dairy cows by FSA, and extend to include good dairy calves and gilts which should be held off marketj if necessary, embargo stockyards from receiving productive dairy cows, overweight calves, underweight hoffi and cattle. 7. Assure farmers of unrestricted use for feed of the wheat supplies of U. S. and Canada. Concentrate wheat production on land not having better uses, and restrict it elsewhere. Re-examine corn and soybean acreages to achieve same type of concentration. 8. Immediately develop a campaign under the slogan "Hot An Idle Acre." 9* Secure complete enforcement of draft regulations on defenpent of workers. Extend draft deferment through harvest season to all skilled men agriculture in the marketing and processing of farm products, distribution supplies, and organization and execution of war food programs. At present county agents and some of the highly-skilled technicians serving marketing cessing business ar§ covered. farm serving of farm only and pro- 10. Prepare plans to furlough men in armed services if still in the country to their own farms or those of their parents during summer peak months. 11. Compile a list of skilled farm operators and workers who have quit farming but whom we may need to return to the land in H -812* Bequest Congress to complete action on farm appropriations prior to planting time, so that farmers may know where they stand. 13* Place all farm agencies at county and state levels under one responsible head. 1^» Expand AAA county and township committees, bringing in representation of all types of farmers and farm labor* Make them action committees at neighborhood and community levels* and policy committees at the county and state levels. D. CONVERT POOD PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION PRACTICES TO WARTIME NEEDS: 1. Complete the simplifying of country milk collections, and extend to all assembly and marketing operations to conserve rubber and manpower, 2. Concentrate leading lines of farm supply distribution to maintain service and save manpower. 3. Eliminate wasteful frills and trick packaging in food processing and distribution. k. Put city distribution of food r particularly milk, on the basis of utility. 5. Increase use of inexpensive nutritious foods beginning with skimmed milk, and require at least $0% of our flour production to be whole wheat. 6» Take vigorous steps to keep hlfih income families and higher-price caterers from black market and hoarding practices. 7. Start Immediately a program of mass feeding with its greater efficiencies wherever possible. Begin at once with war factories. E. PROCEED FASTER TCWAED TBS SINGLE UNIFIED DIRECTION OF THE WAR ON THE HOME FRONT CALLED FOR BY USE KILGORE-PEPPER -TOLAN BILL. Otherwise, Agriculture, a prime war industry, will continue to eat at the second table (in terms of manpower, machinery, fertilizer, processing equipment, and trans*portation) and millions will go unnecessarily hungry this year and next. TABLE I. CLASSIFICATION OF THE MTION'S FARMS .AMD FARMERS ACCORDING TO CAPACITY TO PRODUCE Classification ; Operator© : Number of *l Limited Possibili- s 5 ties for Additional : 1 Farms < i Food Production l/ : Group I Full employment for one or more workers* Operations almost at full capacity. • \ I 1,880,000 ,! \> ; \ Group H I Limited land resources, cannot "be expanded to full emj>loyraent in short period. Gftroup IV Bxadectuate land resources, little or no expansion of production possible jr j! j: h/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 440,000 630,000 1 : 1,510,000 : Adequate labor supply 2/ i Production credit 3/ ~ ; 1,190,000 :: Production credit 3/ : Supervised loans k/ 4 » 4 1 t 1 » 1 > 1 41 • 4 1 < 860,000 !! : 400,000 1 j: 460,000 1 ! Supervised loans 4/ r Mobilization for Farm Work 5/ « J» j: 1,1*60,000 «! • 4• 1 j j t 820,000 1 » * t <f ;; 6,090,000 ;; • < 1 2,290,000 4 1 640,000 : Mobilization for Farm Work 5/ Special food loans 6/ 4 4 ;| 3,800,000 7/ ; < Included in this column are operators over 65 years of age, sharecroppers, and off-farm workers. This vill be provided by the Departmentf s new farm labor supply and transportation program, the budget for which has already been submitted. It is anticipated that these needs will be set by local banks and the Department's new loan program utilizing the Eegional Agricultural Credit Corporations. The loan program of the Farm Security Administration in 19^2 reached about 450,000 fanaers, many of whom were able to move up into Group !• A rapid expansion of this type of program is needed. The Department*s labor supply program will recruit from these groups. An estimated labor reservoir of 1,000,000 workers is available from these families at the present time, which should be ample to meet all labor demands of Group I farmers in the years ahead and also certain demands for increases in industry. Although technical guidance is needed for these loans similar to that given with supervised loans, this credit constitutes a special category of very small loans for the production of one or two food enterprises. Some of these loans might also be made to part-time and semi-retired farmers in the other groups. This table was based primarily upon figures from the Census of 19^0 • Although it is estimated that a net loss of perhaps 300,000 operators haa occurred since then, it is likely that there has been no IOSB in the number of farms operated in Groups I and U . In spite of losses of farms in Groups I H and IV. a labor reservoir of 1.000,000 is still available on the remaining farms. ALL FARM&lS 3/ Assistance Needed for Maximum War Output > • 1,950,000 • Group II Less than full employment for operator tut readily convert!tie to Group I by addition of capital resources. l/ 2/ With: Capacity for Expend- : ing Wartime Food : Production Effort 1 o\ 1 TABLE II Estimated NumberfcyStates of Farms Having Best Possibilities for Expanding Production if Provided Credit, Marketing and Management Assistance.* Excellent : Good OpOpportunitiee : portunlties (1) Total Available Number All Farms 8otooo (25 Percent : (3)~ of (4): (5) Region I 60,000 15,000 New England 15,000 New York 20,000 Pennsylvania N.J., Mdt,Dela. 10,000 20,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 15,000 531*, 000 135,000 153,000 169,000 77,000 Region II Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota 155,000 50,000 55,000 50,000 30,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 185,000 60,000 65,000 60,000 572,000 188,000 187,000 197,000 Region H I Ohio Indiana Illinois Iowa Missouri 235jOOO 50,000 1*0,000 1*0,000 40,000 65,000 65j000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 25,000 300,000 60,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 90,000 1,101,000 234,000 185,000 213,000 213,000 256,000 27 23 23 35 Region IV Kentucky Tennessee West Virginia Virginia North Carolina 150^000 35,000 1*0,000 15,000 25,000 35,000 85^000 25,000 20,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 235,000 60,000 60,000 25,000 1*0,000 50,000 1,053,000 253,000 21*8,000 99,000 175,000 278,000 22 24" 24 25 22 18 Region V South Carolina Georgia Alabama Florida 110,000 20,000 35,000 1*5,000 10,000 70,000 10,000 20,000 35,000 5,000 180,000 30,000 55,000 80,000 15,000 61*8,000 138,000 216,000 232,000 62,000 28 22 25 34 24 Region VI Arkansas Mississippi Louisiana 105,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 65,000 20,000 30,000 15,000 170,000 60,000 85,000 1*5,000 658,000 217,000 291,000 150,000 26 28 22 30 Region VII Kansas Nebraska South Dakota North Dakota 135,000 45,000 40,000 25,000 25,000 35,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 170,000 60,000 50,000 30,000 30,000 423,000 156,000 121,000 72,000 74,000 - 10 - 15 15 13 15 20 32 32 35 30 26 40 3H 41 42 1*0 - 2 : Excellent : Good OpPercent : : Number : : Total :Opportunities : portuni$ies : Available : All Farms : (5) of (4): (2) (1) (5) (5) W Region VIII Texas Oklahoma 155,000 105,000 50,000 50,000 55,000 15,000 205,000 145,000 60,000 598,000 418,000 180,000 Region IX California Utah Nevada 25,000 20,000 5,000 ** 5,000 5,000 ** ** 50,000 25,000 5,000 *# 162,000 155,000 25,000 4,000 Region x Montana Wyoming Colorado 25,000 10,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 2,000 ** 5,000 50,000 12,000 5,000 15,000 108,000 42,000 15,000 51,000 28 29 55 25 Region XI Washington Oregon Idaho 25,000 10,000 8,000 7,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 50,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 188,000 82,000 62,000 44,000 16 15 16 18 Region XII Arizona New Mexico 10,000 5,000 7,000 5,000 2,000 15,000 5,000. 52,000 18,000 29 25 29 5,000 10,000" 54,000 U. S. TOTAL 1,190,000 520,000 670,000 19 19 20 27 440,000 14 Southern States All Other States 55 270,000 170,000 1,650,000*** 6,097,000 790,000 840,000 2,956,000 5,041,000 27 28 * Bssed on regional totals derived from Census data, with Census and other data "being used to apportion regional totals among states. ** Less than 2,000, **# Includes about 250,000 formers or 15$ who are now FSA borrowers, or between 10$ and 20$ of each state total* - 11 - TABIE III MINIMUM INCREASES IN SELECTED PRODUCTS POSSIBLE BY 1,840,000 UNDER-EMPLOYEB FARMERS (Da Millions of ) : : Increase f : ^3 : Over *k2 : Goals : Broduc: : tion : 1,580,000 • 4b0,000 : Total In-: : Non-FSA : FSA : creases, : : Borrowers : Borrow- • 1,840,000: : l/ : er3 2/ : farmers : Goal In- : f^3 Farm : creases : Goals : Value : Commodity Milk, lbs* Pork, lbs* (dressed) Beef, lbs* (dressed) Eggs, doz. 122,000 2,588 4,951 1,419 6,370 250 5.2 $190 13,800 2,860 516 144 660 23 4.8 $125 10,910 930 251 69 330 32 2.7 $ 65 348 170 50 220 63 5.1 $ 90 800 105 33 138 17 3.4 $ 35 75 7.7 $ 25 Chickens, lbs* (dressed) Soybeans, bu* 4,000 Peanuts, lbs. 3,712 1,208 Dry Edible beans lbs.* Beet Sugar, lbs,. 2,554 3,800 216 22.5/ If 15.2 3.4 16.6 265 102 367 30 9.9 $25 595 65 30 93 16 3.6 $ 5 472/ 95 34 127 27 3.4 $ 5 y $565 / » l/ Calculated from data in B*A#E# and Census studies, and 19^2 ESA production ~ records; increases on other commodities proportionate* 2/ Actual 19^2 increases in these commodities by ISA borrowers; increases on all other cotnaodities proportionate 3/ Increased acreage times oxpected yield, Xj Fro®, higher yields and sugar content; acreage goal same; this potential production indicates capacity to produce competing crops more badly needed, such as potatoes• 5/ Farm-produced eggs only* %f Approximate price to consumer $1,000,000,000* y
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