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DIARY
Book 812
January 24-26, 1945
-ABook
Page
Appointments and Resignations
Fiscal Assistant Secretary: See Treasury Department
Austria
Resistance movement outlined in Office of Strategic
Services report - 1/24/45
812
173
-BBalkan Countries
See War Refugee Board
Bartelt, E. F.
See Treasury Department: Fiscal Assistant Secretary
Belgium (Breedonck)
See War Refugee Board: German prison camp
Bell, Daniel W.
See Treasury Department: Fiscal Assistant Secretary
Bretton Woods Conference
See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It
Means to Labor
Burma Road
See China
-CCabinet Committee on Legislative Program
See Foreign Economic Policy Board
Cabinet Legislative Committee
See also Book 809
Foreign Economic Policy Board
Chase National Bank
See Foreign Funds Control
#
China
See also Book 810
Future negotiations discussed by HMJr. Kung, Chi,
White, and Friedman - 1/26/45
a) Burma Road traffic discussed
b) Adjustment for last three months of year discussed.
Churchill, Winston
269
273
See Post-Var Planning: Germany
Congress of Industrial Organisations
See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It
Means to Labor
Correspondence
Mrs. Forbush's mail report - 1/26/45
300
Crowley, Leo T.
See Foreign Economic Policy Board
-7--
Financing, Government
War Savings Bonds: Inter-Racial Section report sent to HMJr
by Houghteling - 1/24/45
30
- F - (Continued)
Book
Page
Fiscal Assistant Secretary
See Treasury Department
Foreign Economic Policy Board
See also Book 810
HMJr suggests to Grew (State Department) an immediate
initial meeting of Cabinet Legislative Committee "to
start ball rolling" - 1/24/45
812
Acheson tells HMJr of Crowley's displeasure over entire
set-up - 1/24/45
Copy of authorisation of Cabinet Legislative Committee
signed by FDR sent to Grew - 1/24/45
12
20
155
Meetings (after initial one) to be held at State
Department - Grew suggestion - 1/26/45
Conference in HMJr's office: present: HNJr. Grew,
Acheson, Harold Smith, White, and O'Connell - 1/27/45:
267
See Book 813, page 15
a) Secretary of Commerce to be added to group
immediately following Wallace's confirmation
b) Working committee to be Acheson (State),
Baily (Budget), O'Connell (Treasury)
c) Minutes of first meeting as prepared by Grew -
2/5/45: Book 816, page 158
Foreign Funds Control
Chase National Bank: White urges trial of case against -
1/24/45
Foreign Trade Zones Board
140
Report for fiscal year June 30, 1944: Recommendation
that HMJr sign - 1/24/45
France
See Lend-Lease
-HHandler, Milton
See War Refugee Board: Balkan Countries
Heat in Treasury Buildings
See Treasury Department
-
Italy
See Treasury Representatives Abroad
-L Labor
See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It
Means to Labor
La Roche, Chester (Blue Network)
See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It
Means to Labor
141
- L - (Continued)
Book
Page
Legislative Committee. Cabinet
See Foreign Economic Policy Board
Lend-Lease
France
See also Book 808
Nonnet-HMJr-White-Oscar Cox conference - 1/24/45
812
a) Monnet about to leave for France
Clayton (State Department) telephone conversation and
conference with HMJr - 1/25/45
a) Suggests signing master agreement immediately
11
205,207
with later examination of dollar and gold
situation
1) Crowley joins in HMJr's disapproval of
signing master agreement until dollar
balance is explored: See Book 815, page 7
Grew letter - 1/25/45
a) Timing of letter, in view of Clayton-HMJr talks,
discussed by HMJr and Clayton - 1/26/45
b) Treasury reply - 2/2/45: Book 815, page 197
Clayton asked by HMJr status of agreement as of
11 o'clock January 26, 1945
a) HMJr suggests that Treasury, State, and
Foreign Economic Administration confer and
present united front to the French
b) Treasury (White), State (Clayton). and
211
256,258
250
252
Foreign Economic Administration (Cox) confer
in Clayton's office - 1/27/45: Book 813, page 9
Conference; present: HMJr, White, Glasser, and Aarons 1/29/45: Book 813, page 159
a) Forrestal-HMJr conversation reported to Cox:
Book 813, page 168
Conference: present: Treasury group, Clayton, Cox.
Mitchell, and Ferguson - 1/29/45: Book 813. page 173
Cables giving Bidault's resume of situation transmitted
by Cox - 1/29/45: Book 813, pages 215,220
United Kingdom
Aircraft despatched, weeks ending January 5 and 12 British Air Commission report - 1/24/45
165
Federal Reserve Bank of New York statement showing
dollar disbursements week ending January 17. 1945 1/24/45
-MMacy, R. H., Pension Plan
See Social Security
Monnet, Jean
See Lend-Lease: France
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr.
See Post-War Planning: Germany (proposed story by Twitty,
New York Herald Tribune)
Murray, Philip (Congress of Industrial Organisations)
See Speeches by HMJr: Bretton Woods and What It Means to Labor
168
--
Book
Page
Negroes
See Financing, Government: War Savings Bonds
(Inter-Racial Section report)
-0Office of Defense Transportation
See Treasury Department
Office of Price Administration
"The Story of Wartime Rationing": Bowles congratulated
by HMJr - 1/24/45
812
137
-PPost-War Planning
Bretton Woods Conference: See Speeches by HMJr
Germany
Proposed story by Twitty (New York Herald Tribune)
concerning HMJr's views - 1/24/45
Pravdin (representative of Tass)-Gaston conversation 1/25/45
29
214
Churchill's comment in House of Commons on "hard peace"
terms and stiffening of German resistance - Grew
transmits January 16 cable on January 25, 1945
228
a) HMJr protests poor service to State
Department - 1/27/45: See Book 813, page 1
Pravdin, Vladimir (representative of Tass)
See Post-War Planning: Germany
-R. Rationing
"The Story of Wartime Rationing": See Office of
Price Administration
Rosenman, Samuel I.
Mission to Europe discussed by Rosenman and HMJr 1/24/45
27
a) "Cutting across Treasury authority" HMJr's reaction
b) HMJr asks for advance copy of any report before
transmitting to FDR
c) British-French-Dutch negotiations with Treasury
already far advanced
d) Italy really should be visited, HMJr thinks
-SSocial Security
Changes in coverage outlined by Blough with special
reference to R.H. Macy and Company plan - 1/26/45
298
- S - (Continued)
Book
Page
Speeches by HMJr
Bretton Woods and What It Means to Labor:
Four-minute radio speech
Draft 1 - 1/25/45
812
2 - 1/26/45
Reading copy, CIO broadcast - 1/27/45:
.
215
292
See Book 813. pages 19,42
a) Murray (Philip) and La Roche (Chester)
congratulated by HMJr - 1/29/45:
Book 813, pages 229,234
-
Tasca, Henry J. - Lieutenant Commander
See Treasury Representatives Abroad
Tass (Russian Newspaper)
See Post-War Planning: Germany
Travel Restrictions (Office of Defense Transportation)
See Treasury Department
Treasury Department
68-degree temperature as suggested by Byrnes--agreed to
by HMJr - 1/24/45
Travel restrictions of Office of Defense Transportation
agreed to by Treasury - 1/25/45
Fiscal Assistant Secretary: D.W. Bell's memorandum
suggesting interim appointment for Bartelt - 1/25/45
Treasury Representatives Abroad
Future assignments outlined in White memorandum 1/26/45
133
222
218
313
Treatment in Italy discussed by Treasury group 2/7/45: See Book 817. page 27
a) Brand-HMJr conversation - 2/7/45: Book 817. page 31
Tasca, Henry J. - Lieutenant Commander: Navy asked to
place on inactive list in connection with assignment to
American Embassy, Rome - 2/7/45: Book 817. page 141
Twitty, Tom (New York Herald Tribune)
See Post-War Planning: Germany (proposed story on HMJr's views)
-UU.S.S.R.
See Post-Yar Planning: Germany
United Kingdom
See Lend-Lease
-W-
Vallace, Heary A.
Appointment as Secretary of Commerce and Head of
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Discussed by HMJr and Treasury group - 1/24/45
a) HMJr wants Treasury to help Vallace
in every way possible
7
- W - (Continued)
Book
Wallace, Henry A. (Continued)
Page
Appointment as Secretary of Commerce and Head of
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (Continued)
HMJr's letter to Texas resident who indirectly
threatened no further purchase of War Bonds with
Wallace as chairman of RFC - 1/24/45
HMJr's statement (press release) - 1/26/45
a) Wallace's testimony before Senate Committee
on Commerce
812
129
320
321
b) Wallace thanks HMJr for statement - 1/30/45:
See Book 814. page 89
"Financing for Small Business" - prepared in Treasury
for Vallace - 1/31/45: Book 814. page 292
Wallace-HMJr conversation concerning suggested HMJr
letter to FDR - 2/2/45: Book 815, page 118
a) Discussion by HMJr, Gaston, O'Connell, White,
Luxford, and DuBois: Book 815. page 138
1) Letter and accompanying clippings as
sent by Wallace: Book 815. page 123
Mead gives HMJr present picture - 2/3/45: Book 816,
page 1
Letter to FDR as sent by HMJr - 2/3/45: Book 816,
page 29
"Situation improving" Wallace tells HMJr - 2/16/45:
Book 820, page 55
War Refugee Board
Balkan Countries: Situation reviewed in Handler (Milton)
letter and in Pehle report - 1/24/45
a) Handler letter acknowledged by HMJr - 1/25/45
177
235
Breedonck, Belgium
Report on German prison camp - 1/26/45
British report - 2/1/45: See Book 815, page 65
War Savings Bonds
See Financing, Government
333
1
January 24, 1945
10:10 a.m.
BRETTON WOODS LEGISLATION
FEDERAL RESERVE LEGISLATION
Present:
Mr. White
Mr. O'Connell
Mr. Blough
Mr. DuBois
Mr. Haas
Mr. Luxford
Mr. D. W. Bell
Mr. C. S. Bell
Mr. Coyne
Mr. Pehle
Mrs. Klotz
H.M.JR: Where do we stand on Bretton Woods?
MR. O'CONNELL: Right where we did yesterday, sir.
noon!
H.M.JR: Something better happen between now and
MR. LUXFORD: Mr. Secretary, Joe and I talked about
this, and I think that we are both agreed that the question
is one of Congressional strategy in the final analysis,
and under the circumstancesH.M.JR: Who's this?
MR. LUXFORD: ..Mr. Secretary-MR. WHITE: Well, now. (Laughter)
MR. LUXFORD: He is not on his good behavior any more.
MR. WHITE: This reminds me--
H.M.JR: He said, "I will be Assistant Secretary of
the Treasury during my working hours." He does it under
oath, too.
2
-2MR. WHITE: During the working hours, I am going
to deserve the honor. I will be on my own after working
hours.
MR. HAAS: Eight hours, Harry?
MR. WHITE: Eight or nine.
MR. LUXFORD: To continue on Bretton Woods, the
question is one of Congressional strategy and it is the
most appropriate form of question to submit to the group
that will be here today, because no one is seeking to do
anything more than anticipated, which is the preferable
approach from the point of view of Congress, and to submit
that to this group would be, in my mind, the appropriate
thing to do.
MR. O'CONNELL: I think it is perfectly proper to
submit it to this group as one of the problems, but thinking
of what Mr. Wolco+t said at Mr. Abram's office, he made it
clear he didn't want any understanding other than that
Congress was going to write this legislation and they
would be happy to have our suggestions, but he did not
want anyone to think the Executive Branch was responsible,
either for the form or content of the legislation.
I think it could be mentioned to this group this
noon. In the final analysis I think the decision as to
the form of legislation with respect to the matter we
have been discussing as to what kind of face you put
on the legislation, it is best to avoid a long discussion
over whether or not this should be a treaty. It's the
same sort of problem--it shouldn't be so acute a problem-as in connection with the St. Lawrence waterways, because
in that case they set it up as a treaty first, and when it
was turned out they changed the form of the thing from a
treaty to an agreement and sent it up again for legislation.
That made Dean Acheson very concerned about the sort
of face we put on the legislation. Dean feels one way is
better.
3
-3MR. LUXFORD: And the men that have been working
on it from our point of view for months feel that that
will look a little bit devious, and the straightforward
way to do it is to have Congress authorize the execution
of the treaty. We cannot come to an agreement with Dean,
and if we did, it would be subject to what the Congressional
people would decide.
H.M.JR: Let's put it up to them.
MR. LUXFORD: That's appropriate.
MR. O'CONNELL: We can't get a decision that would
be binding. I think it would be a mistake to expect the
Delegates to make a decision with respect to a matter,
which in the final analysis, is up to the Senate.
H.M.JR: Suppose you give me a memo I could read as
to what the point is, because I haven't had time.
MR. 0' CONNELL: I would be glad to.
MR. WHITE: Couldn't we meet that by getting an
expression of their views, with an understanding among
the group, that it's up to the Congressional people?
MR. O'CONNELL: I wouldn't want to go so far as to
have it appear that this group is going to decide the
form of legislation. It might be mentioned as one of the
problems which go down to the Congressional people.
MR. WHITE: Do you plan to raise the question before
Appropriations?
MR. BELL: I think it is all right to raise the
question today, but you ought to keep in back of your
minds that finances come first in all matters in the
Treasury today, and if this discussion of the ratio and
the extension of authority to pledge Government securities
behind Federal Reserve notes, then, is going to extend into
the next War Loan, I think you have a problem on your
hands, and it ought to be considered from that standpoint
right now.
4
-4MR. 0' CONNELL: You weren't thinking of that, were
you, Harry?
MR. D.W. BELL: You were going to discuss which takes
precedence.
H.M.JR: This is something between State as to the
form of Bretton Woods legislation. When I was up there
Monday, I mentioned the fact about Federal Reserve coming
up.
MR. D.W. BELL: I thought it was a question of going
to Congress.
MR. O'CONNELL: That's not going to come up this
afternoon. I'll tell you about my meeting yesterday.
H.M.JR: Go ahead. I agree with what Bell said.
My first job is revenue and borrowing.
MR. O'CONNELL: Well, it was pretty clear after the
meeting that Mr. Eccles and I had yesterday with Spence
and Wolcott that there is little to worry about with regard
to any definite conflict between Reserve Ratio Legislation
and Bretton Woods Legislation. We talked with the Congressmen for a couple of hours, and it was made perfectly clear
to them that everything else being equal or not, the
Secretary is very anxious that Bretton Woods be given as
much a right of way as possible. Neither Spence nor
Wolcott seemed to think, after we had discussed Federal
Reserve legislation with them, that that legislation was
going to take very much time. They were talking in terms
of possibly one or two hearings in the Senate and House
Banking and Currency Committees. There are three or four
items which may come up before Bretton Woods, and they
seem to feel we could cross the brgige insofar as any conflict, for example, on Commodity Credit, is concerned.
(Mrs. Klotz leaves the conference.)
5.
-5MR. O'CONNELL: The committee hasen't been organized
yet because the new Republican members have not been
approved by the House, and they probably won't be approved
until next week. The first thing they will take up is
Commodity Credit legislation.
(Mrs. Klotz re-enters conference.)
MR. 0' CONNELL: After Commodity Credit legislation,
as of yesterday, it looked to them as though they could
take up and get out of the way very quickly the Federal
Reserve legislation. As of this morning, I find that
Mr. Crawford's resolution, which is the counter-part
of the George Resolution, separating the lending function
from the Department of Commerce, has always been referred
to the Banking and Currency Committee. I am merely
mentioning this to illustrate that the Federal Reserve
legislation isn't the only legislation. It may go into
O
a half-dozen things more that will come up. They may be
considered and got out of the way, and nothing that
happened yesterday, it seemed to me, should cause us
to be at all concerned about the Federal Reserve legislation putting any obstacle in our way with regard to
Bretton Woods. The bill has not been introduced yet.
Wolcott and Spence will not introduce the bill until
we have talked to Wagner, because they would like to have
an identical bill introduced in the Senate and House. It
may be they will consider it in the Senate first, and if so,
and it is our plan to handle Bretton Woods in the House
first, there are so many different possibilities. It
seems we are still in pretty good shape.
Neither Spence nor Wolcott seemed to have any doubt
the Federal Reserve legislation would go through, as
far as their committee is concerned, within a minimum of
time with only such debate as would be involved by having
Dr. Smith at one extreme making a couple of speeches and
Wright Patman arguing at the other extreme on the general
question.
MR. WHITE: They didn't think there was danger of a
complete examination of our monetary system?
6
-6MR. O' CONNELL: They did not, other than as Wright
Patman and Smith might do. Every year they make the same
type of suggestions and proposals. I think if it should
develop, and there absolutely is no way of guaranteeing
it won' if it should start to develop into something
like that, it might be possible to cut the thing off,
although Spence is not a very effective chairman in cutting
off a debate or reducing the length of a hearing. But as
of the moment they seem to be not at all concerned over
difficulties involved in that legislation. They are
non-controversial. The only suggestion Wolcott made was
it might be that Eccles might think after discussing the
bill that it might be good judgment to compromise on the
provisions, making permanent the authority to pledge
Government organization as collateral for Federal Reserve
notes.
Now, if that is the biggest point Wolcott can think
of, it seems to me we haven't anything to worry about now.
O
That is all I have to report.
H.M.JR: Do you want to say anything? Are you satisfied?
MR. D.W. BELL: Yes, very.
H.M.JR: Are you satisfied?
MR. WHITE: Yes. I am not completely satisfied with
the procedure, but that is-MR. O'CONNELL: What do you mean?
MR. WHITE: I thought first we were going to discuss
it with Federal Reserve, because there is some difference
of opinion as to the urgency of the legislation among us,
but that is over.
H.M.JR: I want to say in defense, not that it needs
any defense, but O'Connell's hand was forced on it. He
didn't have time.
7
-7-
O
MR. O'CONNELL: I didn't ever talk to Eccles except
over the phone, and we couldn't get together at all, and
he called me the night before and said he had an appointment at eleven with Mr. Spence.
H.M.JR: I wanted to give O'Connell enough leeway.
If he calls me up every five minutes on the phone and
says can I do this and can I do that-MR. WHITE: I didn't realize that was the situation.
H.M.JR: He just had to move. I mean he had to go
up.
MR. D.W. BELL: It seems to me you might get this
legislation completely out of the House before you get
Bretton Woods started.
O
MR. 'CONNELL: I think so. There was no way of
suggesting that Mr. Eccles should not talk to them or
the bill should not be introduced. The sole question
is the order in which those things are considered in
the Committee, and it seems to me we are in as good
shape as we can expect to be in in that matter.
H.M.JR: May I say something in the room here--extra
confidential--if you people know what is going on you may
have some idea. I am walking down every morning with
Wallace, so I know what is going on. He made up his mind--
he evidently had a counting of noses. He said he couldn't
get Commerce and RFC. They have had enough votes to put
the George bill through.
MR. GASTON: Over a veto?
H.M.JR: I didn't ask him that, but he said he had
a count made and he said it was hopeless.
MR. GASTON: Maybe he can't get a veto.
H.M.JR: No, he doesn't know. Nobody has been left
by the President in charge to see this thing gets through.
I am talking very frankly, and please don't anybody talk.
8
-8I am telling you that you may hear things to tell me that
I can help Wallace with. He has made up his mind he is
going to take the attitude that it's a good thing to have
RFC an independent agency, and the thing to do is clean it
up and have an audit made, and he is going to give it a
good send-off, SO while they are doing it they might as
well do a good job, see? So if anybody, particularly Dan,
has any suggestions--he will be testifying tomorrow--I
can get them to Wallace, see?
MR. GASTON: Doesn't he testify today at two-thirty?
H.M.JR: Tomorrow.
MR. D.W. BELL: It was set for today, wasn't it?
MR. WHITE: When has an independent audit been made
of RFC?
MR. D.W. BELL: They have one made every year, generally.
H.M.JR: If there are any suggestions as to what you
think, or anybody else, what ours should be under a good
setup, if I can. pass it on to Wallace-MR. D.W. BELL: We have been asked by Senator Byrd
to furnish him a number of statements on RFC. We have
done that, you know, since about 1936.
H.M.JR: Statements?
MR. D.W. BELL: Statements on RFC. We get out certain
financial statements on all of the Corporation organizations,
and we have submitted them to the Byrd Committee right along,
some of which have been published, and he has asked us for a
number of statements or all of the statements we can get up
in the course of last night and this morning, so he can
have them for the two-thirty meeting this afternoon. I
think most of the stuff we would give him is published
data and is probably in a little different form, but published. Now, do you think we have to do that? I think
we do, don't you?
9
-9-
H.M.JR: Well, just keep it in mind. If there is
anything we should get to Wallace to help him answer
tomorrow, I wish you men would be thinking about it.
I told him on any statistical stuff to call George Haas
direct. He doesn't have anything. He doesn't even have
a stenographer. I told him we would help in any way we
could, so if you think of anything, anybody, during the
day, which could be useful to me, if you just get it to
me, I will stop what I am doing.
MR. D. W. BELL: In response to Resolution 150 of
the Senate we sent up a voluminous report on all credit
agencies in the Government, and the windup of that report
contained a number of recommendations, one of which says
they should be under the control of the Comptroller General.
He should make an annual audit. There are a number of
recommendations in there you might make. We get out those
recommendations and--
H.M.JR: If there is something springing, if you
wouldn t mind dropping up to see him to explain them
yourself, Dannie--you will be glad to do it.
MR. D. W. BELL: I would be glad to.
H.M.JR: You might be thinking about what Wallace
wants. lie is going to dig himself out, but you might
have something also to show how active he was in the
lending business when all of those agricultural lending
agencies were under Agriculture, Com odity Credit, and
Farm Credit; and he was a big lender himself.
MR. D. W. BELL: I think they were pretty well out
of Agriculture when he was there.
H.M.JR: I don't think so. Farm Credit wasn't.
MR. GASTON: He took over Farm Credit while he was
Secretary of Agriculture.
H.M. JR: Commodity Credit. He took Commodity Credit
over from RFC.
10
- 10 MR. D.W. BELL: I thought it was under Wickard, but
maybe it was Wallace.
MR. GASTON: It was Wallace. He had to fight to
get Farm Credit.
H.M.JR: Have somebody look that up, and I want
especially to get it to him this afternoon.
MR. D.W. BELL: I will do it right away.
H.M.JR: I would like to help him.
MR. HAAS: He had Rural Electrification and the Farm
Security Organization. He had a big fight over it.
MR. O'CONNELL: If my time would permit, I would like
to go down and listen to Mr. Jones this afternoon, because
O
something in that might be helpful, and I think I can--
H.M.JR: When he gets to swinging you don't know, he
may swing one at my jaw.
MR. O'CONNELL: I better bring a bludgeon with me.
let meH.M.JR:
know. If, during the day, anybody wants to see me,
MR. WHITE: There is one thing. Did you speak to
Stettinius about the French matter?
H.M.JR: It is on the machine, a memo to Mrs. Klotz
to do it. She has a note on her desk on what to do about
that. I had it very much in mind, and she has the procedure.
11
Meeting in Secretary's Office
January 24, 1945
1:00 a.m.
Present: Secretary Morgenthau
Mr. Monnet
Mr. Oscar Cox
Mr. White
Mr. Monnet called at his request. He said that he had asked to
see the Secretary because he was planning to return to Paris the
following Sunday. He said that he had no intentions of putting any
pressure in one direction or another in the shaping of the final
arrangements but wanted to emphasize how important it was that there
should be no misunderstanding between the two governments. He said
that his people would have a difficult time understanding why they
should be treated differently than the British or the Russians in
lend-lease arrangements and that he wanted to make certain that they
fully appreciated our point of view and our difficulties. He was
going to discuss the lend-lease negotiations with people in his
government because he thought it was important that there should be
no misunderstanding in Paris on the subject. He believed that the
long-run relationship between the United States Government and France
was more important than any of the immediate questions which were
being considered under lend-lease and he wished to make certain that
people back home had a clear understanding of our problems here in
attempting to -shape the lend-lease negotiations.
The Secretary expressed his regret that the negotiations hadn't
been completed before but indicated that they could not have been
completed prior to this date inasmuch as the policy was crystallized
at the highest level within the week which would permit going ahead
definitively with negotiations. He spoke of a meeting which had taken
place the previous Saturday with Clayton, Cox and myself and said that
he had high hopes that we would be able to give him a definitive statement of this Government's position to take with him to Paris. He
thought it might be worthwhile for Monnet to wait over a day or two so
that he could take such a do cument back with him.
Mr. Monnet expressed his pleasure that such action was being
taken and said that he would, of course, wait over.
The Secretary was very pleasant and it appeared that Mr. Monnet
got the impression from the Secretary's remark - an impression which
was in part justified - that the document which he would take back
with Mim to Paris as one that would be favorable.
H. D. White
Copies to: Mr. Glasser,
Mr. Aarons
Mr. DuBois
January 24, 1945
12
11:49 a.m.
HMJr:
Hello.
Operator:
Mr. Grew.
HMJr:
Hello.
J.C.
Grew:
Hello, Mr. Secretary.
HMJr:
How are you?
G:
Fine, thank you.
HMJr:
I want to compliment you on the promptness
of answering my letter on the French Lend-
Lease.
G:
Well, was that satisfactory?
HMJr:
Yes. I forgot to date it. Do you mind just
dating it as of yesterday?
G:
As of yesterday.
HMJr:
Yes.
G:
Your letter?
HMJr:
If you don't mind.
G:
I will do that.
HMJr:
Because instead of going out through my regular
G:
All right, I'll have that done.
if
office, I handed it to Yost and it wasn't dated.
HMJr:
Please. Now, the thing -- I spoke to Stettinius
yesterday -- as you know, the President set up
this committee on legislative matters.
G:
Yes.
HMJr:
Of State, Treasury, Budget and then he added
Wallace's name. And Stettinius and I sort of
thought that -- I talked to Stettinius yesterday -and we didn't know whether the President wanted
any publicity on it or not but we thought that
we' d go ahead and act.
-2G:
Yes.
HMJr:
And Stettinius suggested that I call the first
meeting and that he would have liked you and
Acheson to come, and after that, well, people
like Acheson and O' 'Connell for me, could go ahead
and operate; then they could report to us whenever
necessary. But there's an awful lot of legislative
matters which are breaking very rapidly.
G:
HMJr:
G:
There are?
Now, I wondered when would be a good time for
you and I to start the ball to rolling.
Well, you think there ought to be a meeting pretty
quickly, do you?
HMJr:
I think there should be a meeting either Thursday
or Friday.
G:
Yes.
HMJr:
To get this thing started.
G:
Well, where do you think the meeting should take
place?
HMJr:
When?
G:
Where?
HMJr:
Well, Stettinius suggested that I call the first
G:
Yes.
one. Hello?
HMJr:
So I would say the Treasury if that's agreeable.
To have it at the Treasury?
The first one, yes.
G:
Yeah.
HMJr:
G:
HMJr:
G:
Is that all right with you?
It's all right with me.
13
14
-3HMJr:
G:
HMJr:
G:
HMJr:
G:
HMJr:
G:
HMJr:
G:
That's what Stettinius suggested and I don't -I don't care where it is.
That's all right.
I don't care where it's held.
No. I see. Well, let me talk to Dean Acheson
because he's right in these things.
Well, the trouble is I'm booking myself up and -for the next two days
Yes.
Are you free either Thursday or Friday afternoon?
Let me see -- either Thursday or Friday afternoon -how long would we have to count on, about an hour?
Oh, no, thirty minutes would be
Thirty minutes. Just a minute and I'll look. will
you hold the line?
HMJr:
Please.
G:
My own program is pretty well dated up, too.
HMJr:
Yes.
G:
HMJr:
G:
HMJr:
Have you -- (Talks aside) -- These appointments
come along pretty well
I know.
at fifteen minute intervals.
I know. That's why I'm
G:
It's terrific right at present.
HMJr:
Yes.
G:
But I'll make a point of clearing the way. (Talks
aside) Would four 'clock on Friday be all right
for you?
HMJr:
Four o'clock on Friday will be fine.
4
G:
HMJr:
G:
HMJr:
-
15
That's all right.
Supposing I make this tentative, you see -- hello?
Yeah, make it tentative.
Well, I'll -- I'll -- unless I hear from you again,
I'll expect you and Acheson over here at four
o'clock.
G:
All right. We'll be there at four o'clock. If you
want to change it, let me know.
HMJr:
Thank you.
G:
Is that all right?
HMJr:
Fine.
G:
HMJr:
G:
All right, Mr. Morgenthau.
I thank you.
Good bye.
January 24, 1945
12:02 p.m.
HMJr:
Hello. Hello.
Operator:
Mr. Grew will be right on.
State Dept.
Operator:
Mr. Secretary, Mr. Grew.
HMJr:
Right.
J. C.
Grew:
Hello.
HMJr:
Morgenthau.
G:
HMJr:
G:
HMJr:
Mr. Secretary, I have just talked to Dean
Acheson and I find that he probably will not
be here Friday afternoon. I wonder if it
would be possible for you to arrange for the
meeting tomorrow -- Thursday afternoon, at four
o'clock. Will that be possible?
Just a minute. Thursday at four. I'll make it
possible. Thursday.
Yeah. Will that be convenient for you?
Yeah, that will be all right. The only person -I've got to check with Harold Smith and if it's
not all right with him, my office will let you
know.
G:
All right. I'll leave it that way then.
HMJr:
Right.
G:
I have an engagement but I can put it off, and
HMJr:
G:
will, if that's agreeable to you.
I'll have them call up Harold Smith right away
and let you know.
All right. Thank you very much. Good bye.
16
17
LUNCHEON
Wednesday, January 24, 1945
Senator Tobey
Congressman Spence
Congressman Wolcott
Mr. Eccles
Mr. Crowley
Judge Vinson
Mr. Acheson
Mr. D. W. Bell
Mr. Gaston
Mr. White
Mr. O'Connell
Mr. Luxford
13
January 24, 1945
2:51 p.m.
HMJr:
Herbert
Hello.
Schimmel:
Hello.
HMJr:
Mr. Schimmel.
S:
Yes.
HMJr:
I got word to the President of the United States
that I thought it would be a good thing to make
Senator Kilgore Secretary of Labor and that I
knew if he offered it to him, he would consider
it. Hello?
S:
HMJr:
Yes. Yes, Mr. Secretary.
The notice -- the time factor, if you get what
I mean, was so short
S:
Yes.
HMJr:
that I have had no opportunity to get an
answer and won't for some time.
S:
HMJr:
S:
HMJr:
I understand that.
The message did get to him the same day you gave
it to me.
And is it your understanding that there's a
possibility still of a change there?
I would put it as -- I'm not too familiar, but
I would say that your language was good language.
S:
HMJr:
S:
HMJr:
S:
o
HMJr:
(Laughs) That's why I chose it.
Yes. I would put it that way.
Well
But I explained about the A.F.of L., the C.I.O. -I got the whole story over to him.
Oh, well, that's fine.
And -- but I had to do it through a third party
and the time factor being what it is, I couldn't
get an answer.
18
-2S:
I understand.
HMJr:
You understand what I mean.
S:
I understand.
HMJr:
But he has the Senator -- he knows about it
now.
S:
Oh, well, that's fine.
HMJr:
Yeah.
S:
Well, thanks very much.
HMJr:
S:
HMJr:
S:
HMJr:
S:
HMJr:
Not at all. And I would be glad if you would
tell the Senator what I've done.
Yes, I certainly will tell him that.
All right.
If you learn anything new, Mr. Secretary, if Mrs.
Klotz could let me know, it would be
One of us will.
All right. Well, thanks very much.
But you tell the Senator what I've done.
S:
I certainly will.
HMJr:
Thank you.
S:
All right. Bye.
19
20
January 24, 1945
3:13 p.m.
HMJr:
Hello.
Dean
Acheson:
Henry.
HMJr:
Speaking.
A:
This is Dean.
HMJr:
Yes.
A:
About this meeting tomorrow.
HMJr:
Yes.
A:
Harold Smith is out of town. He won't be back
until Friday.
HMJr:
Yes.
A:
Don Sheppard could come for him but I don't
know that we'd get very far. After our luncheon
today, Leo went off with me and just exploded all
over the place.
HMJr:
A:
Yeah.
He's very angry at Ed, chiefly; he's pretty angry
at you. I told him that I was probably chiefly
responsible so then he turned his wrath on me for
a while.
HMJr:
A:
HMJr:
A:
What's he angry at me for?
Because he says you know better. You shouldn't
have lent yourself to anything as precarious as
this.
Oh, nonsense.
If we want to run the legislation, all right; we
can go up on the Hill and fight for it, but, Goddamned if he's going to do it, he's going to tell
the President and Stettinius and you and everybody.
HMJr:
That's all right.
21
-2A:
Now, I called -- he was going to call up Harold
and gave him hell, too. Now, I spoke to Don
Sheppard and I suggest that since Harold is
away
HMJr:
Yes.
we don't have a meeting tomorrow.
A:
HMJr:
Yes.
A:
And let Harold Smith go to work on Leo and cool
him off a bit, because really the first thing
A:
we've got to take up is this Export-Import Bank.
Well, do you mind if I disagree with you?
(Laughs) Surely.
HMJr:
What?
A:
No, you go ahead.
HMJr:
HMJr:
No, I think if we've done this thing, we've got
this authority from the President and if you
don't mind, I think we should go right ahead and
I don't think that we should let Leo stop us
from meeting.
A:
Well, I just thought that we probably couldn't
have very much to meet about.
HMJr:
A:
Dean, I'm not seeking trouble -- I'm not looking
Leo is always blowing off. He blew off about my
being the head of this Lend-Lease thing when the
British were here.
--
Yeah.
HMJr:
And I just can't help it but -- and the President
has asked us to do this thing. If Leo doesn't
like it, it's his business to blow off and he
can tell Mr. Roosevelt about it.
A:
Yes.
HMJr:
o
Well, if we just meet for -- if you don't mind,
But I -- I'm -- I would very much like to have a
meeting, if for no other reason that we've told
Leo we were going to meet and we told him he could
submit his stuff here.
-3A:
All right. Fine.
HMJr:
I mean, I'm not looking -- I haven't sought Leo
22
out. I told him quietly this was like a traffic
COD to which things should come first and then
it was up to each agency after they were told
which was to come first, to present their legislation. And I was very quiet and I said, "What
do you think, Leo?" And he said, "Well, that's
all right, as long as I understand it that way."
And that was his words.
A:
I see.
HMJr:
Now, no reasonable person can object to having
A:
All right.
HMJr:
Hello?
A:
HMJr:
what -- as I called it, an advisory committee
to decide which thing comes first.
Yeah. All right.
If you think -- if you feel very positive about
it -- I feel positive that we should meet and we
shouldn't let Leo scare us.
A:
HMJr:
What have you got in mind that we take up tomorrow?
Well, just get organized and just get the thing
started, that's all; and take a look at the list.
I'm going to bring up Export-Import. I don't know
where we stand. I don't know where you people
stand.
A:
Well, don't you think we ought to -- under the
arrangement, the President approved to have him
there when we do that?
HMJr:
Well, I think this: one of the things I want to
A:
Yeah.
HMJr:
And then we can, maybe, get an order from the
A:
Yes.
do is to bring up the question to whom we should
send these letters to.
President by cable to send these letters out.
-4HMJr:
A:
HMJr:
23
You see? You know, the attached letters?
Yes, I do. I know.
And if we didn't do anything else, just to have
an organizing meeting.
A:
Yes.
HMJr:
And get organized. I really think we ought to
meet. But Leo went out of this thing and when
I explained to him that it was just acting as
traffic cop to say which should go first, he
said, "That's all right. I understand."
A:
Fine.
HMJr:
So he's got no excuse to go around to you and beef.
A:
Well
HMJr:
Personally, I told him, as I told you, it was -I said the idea originated over there and I said
I thought it was a good one. And I still think
A:
it's a good one.
All right. Then we'll meet tomorrow. I suppose
Joe knows where.
HMJr:
My office.
A:
Yeah.
HMJr:
And 1 t won't take more than fifteen minutes.
A:
All right. Fine.
HMJr:
A:
HMJr:
I'm not going to let Leo hold a pistol to my head.
I have a meeting at three-thirty.
Well, Grew set the time at four. He first had it
Friday and then he said you'd be out of town.
A:
Yeah.
HMJr:
And he called me back and said, "Could we make it
four o'clock tomorrow?"
-A:
HMJr:
Yeah. Well, if I'm not going out of town, would
four o'clock Friday be just as good?
I could swing it back to that and then maybe
Smith will be there.
A:
Uh
HMJr:
If you'11 work it out with Grew and I'll tell
FitzGerald
-- either day is all right as far as
I'm concerned.
A:
All right. Then I'll talk with Grew about it
and I guess it will be better for you not to say
anything to Leo about my telephoning you.
HMJr:
Oh, I don't do that.
A:
That'11 just flare him up again.
HMJr:
I don't -- I don't -- I'm a peace-loving fellow.
A:
(Laughs)
HMJr:
But. when somebody jumps on me, I'm going to fight
back.
A:
(Laughs) All right. Fine.
HMJr:
What?
A:
Fine.
HMJr:
Well, we know -- you know the rest of the story
which Leo doesn't know yet.
A:
Yes, I know. That's why I was laughing.
HMJr:
You laughed in my face.
A:
(Laughs)
HMJr:
All right.
A:
(Continues laughing) All right.
HMJr:
Okay.
24
24-A
Meeting in the Secretary's Office
January 24, 1945
3:30 p.m.
Present:
Secretary Morgenthau
Mr. James Reston of the New York Times
Mr. White
Mr. Reston called to say that he had a story that Russia was
requesting a $6 billion loan and that he would like to verify the
story and get as much detail as possible from Treasury. He presumed
that Treasury was in on it.
The Secretary complimented him on the fact that, unlike his
colleague, Krock, he was attempting to check up on his story prior
to publishing it. The Secretary said he could give him no information on the loan and suggested that if he had any inquiry on that
subject to make the proper place to make it was the State Department.
Mr. Reston urged him to give him some information since he was going
to write a story on the subject for the next day's Times and since it
was an important matter it was desirable to have the details correct.
Mr. Morgenthau was, however, adamant in his refusal and repeated his
suggestion that Mr. Reston inquire of State Department.
The Secretary, in bidding Mr. Reston goodbye, ur ged him to call
again.
H. D. White
January 24, 1945
24-B
3:56 p.m.
HMJr:
Hello.
Operator:
Mr. Grew.
HMJr:
Hello.
Joseph
Grew:
Hello, Mr. Secretary.
HMJr:
Morgenthau talking. I just want to tell you
that James Reston of the New York Times said
he had an urgent matter to see me -- I saw him;
he said he had the story about the request from
the Russians for a $6 Billion loan, and he was
going to write the story. I told him I was very
sorry but I couldn't help him, and I referred him
to the State Department.
G:
HMJr:
Right.
And he said, well, he wouldn't go over there
because they would tell him not to write the
story.
HMJr:
That's right.
I said I thought he should go over there.
G:
Yes.
HMJr:
But I want you to know that he got absolutely
G:
Right.
HMJr:
Period.
G:
Yeah.
HMJr:
I don't know where he's got it, but darn it all
G:
He's got the facts, has he?
HMJr:
Pardon?
G:
Has he got the facts?
HMJr:
I don't know. I didn't want him to tell me anything
because I didn't want him to try to start guessing,
G:
nothing from me.
so I -- as soon as he told me what he wanted, I said,
24- C
-2HMJr:
Cont'd.
G:
"I'm very sorry; I can't help you. Please go over
to the State Department."
I guess there's nothing we can do about that, but
thank you very much for letting me know.
HMJr:
Right.
G:
And I'll be guided accordingly.
HMJr:
Thank you.
G:
Dean Acheson has fixed that meeting up all right
with you, now?
HMJr:
Well, you know he wanted to postpone it.
G:
Yeah, I know, a till Friday.
HMJr:
Well, no, he wanted to call it off entirely.
G:
Oh.
HMJr:
And I told him that I thought that was a great
G:
Yeah. Well, I've talked with him since then and
mistake -- just because Crowley was angry that
was no reason to postpone it.
he tells me now that it is all fixed up for
Friday afternoon.
HMJr:
That's all right with me.
G:
Is that all right?
HMJr:
Yes, but I mean as to holding it or not holding it,
I told him we -- I didn't see how we could just
not hold a meeting because Mr. Crowley was angry.
G:
Yeah. All right. We'll be there.
HMJr:
Thank you.
G:
Thank you. Good bye.
25
January 24, 1945
5:19 p.m.
HMJr:
John
I'm not going to sign any order -- this General
Order No. 3-- without having it go through
Charles Bell's office.
Pehle:
All right, sir.
HMJr:
And
P:
I'll be glad to clear it.
HMJr:
Well, you ought to do that of your own accord,
John.
P:
HMJr:
What -- what -- what phase of it was it that
Any phase -- anything that's an administrative
change has got to clear through Charles Bell.
P:
Sure. I didn't -- I wasn't focusing on
administrative change there.
HMJr:
Well, it's got -- it says here, "
P:
Yeah.
HMJr:
"
delegate
11
=
John Pehle with such
designate powers, functions, duties of
the Secretary of the Treasury."
P:
Yeah. All right, I'll clear it.
HMJr:
Well, I'm going to give it to him myself, but
you ought to know enough to do that.
P:
Yeah. It -- I agree.
HMJr:
Right.
P:
HMJr:
P:
HMJr:
I agree. I didn't think of it because it isn't
a change in something; it's just
Well
reducing something to writing that should
have been originally in writing.
You know I'm waiting on you fellows to give me
suggestions for somebody to head up War Refugee
Board.
26
-2P:
I know you are and as soon as I get through with
this appropriation hearing, I'm going to go after
that. We were down there for three hours this
afternoon.
HMJr:
And you know I sent -- sent word over to Colonel
Heller.
P:
I'm delighted you did. I was very worried about
that. thing.
HMJr:
All right.
P:
All .right. Good night.
27
January 24, 1945
Judge Rosenman called on me and gave me a copy (not attached)
of a letter
which the President wrote him as to his
mission. Rosenman particularly drew my attention
to the second paragraph. I asked him, "how come
this whole thing?' and he said, Well, I had known that
he had been considering taking Phil Reed's place in
London, but the President said he could only stay there
two months, which he said he did not want to do, so the
outgrowth was this letter. I said I understood the
State Department had not been consulted, and he said
no, that they got a copy of the letter just the way
I did. The President only signed it just before he
left.
O
So I said, "Well, look, Sam. If this was anybody
else, I would certainly fight this authority which the
President has given to you, because it cuts directly
across the Treasury and 1 would not give you anybody
go with you." So he said, "Well, if it was Jimmie
byrnes, he never would show you the letter. he would
to
go and come back and make his report."
So I said, "Not only does it cut directly across
what the Treasury is supposed to do, but, I said -- and
I hesitated. I am glad I did hesitate. -- I said, "there
are certain understandings which Stettinius and I have
with the President as to how we should proceed in regard
to financial and economic matters. (I am glad I
did
not say anything more because subsequently he said how
close he was to Oscar Cox.)
So I said, "But I am going to help you because I
am going to ask just one thing of you: that before
you make your report to the President, I would like to
see it because he's given you work to do which is my
business. Now, I said, "if you don't mind my saying
it, but I think before you had the President sign that
28
-2-
letter, Stettinius and I should have had a chance
to go over it." So he said, "Well, if you give me
man like Taylor, I will let him write the report
a
for me and I promise to show you whatever I do before
it goes to the President.
"
So I said, "As far as England is concerned, we
have just completed two months' negotiations. It's
finished." DO he said, "Does the President know that?"
said, Of course he does.' Well, he will just draw
the President's attention to the fact that it is finished.
I
I said, "As far as France is concerned, by the time you
get going we will conclude with France. I said,
"As
far as the Netherlands is concerned, private banks have
made them a loan and the President does not want a gov-
ernmental loan. So I said, The only thing it leaves
is Belgium and, " I said, "if you are going any place
the place for you to go is Italy. That's where you
should go.' So I said, "The trouble is all of these
countries have been badly handled. I said, "Ships
have been assigned to the French. I don't think they
are going to get them, because I don't think Stettinius
will let them get them and if they do, Stettinius won't
give them any trucks to unload the ships when they get
there." I said, "We have gone from one extreme to
another. We drive Charles Wilson out of town because
he wants to manufacture munitions" and he said, "Yes,
and we put Don Nelson in and give him this exalted
position because he wants to make civilian goods.
ne said, "It was harry nopkins' job to get Don Nelson
out of town and keep him out of town until after election and, he said, he came back and they wanted him
to make a political speech and he refused to make a
political speech until the President signed that letter
setting him up in his new job." So he said, "Do you
think I ought to talk to Don Nelson because what I am
really doing is Nelson's job." So I said, "Well, why
not leave Nelson alone. ne thinks the Far East is his
field."
28-A
-3-
I could not help but get this in: "I realize,
Sam, you wanted to get out of the country. I suppose this is as good an excuse as any & butI said,
you are
cutting directly across my territory.
"What are you going to dowhen you come back? Every-
body is going to look to you to get help." he said,
"Oh, yes. Jean Monnet is waiting over in the office
now to see me.
Anyway, it's one of these kind of things which
the President does where he goes off half-cocked - and
if it were anybody but Rosenman, believe me I would
fight it.
TO:
1/24/45Secretary Morgenthau
29
Attached is a copy of
a proposed story by Tom Twitty,
of the New York Herald Tribune,
which is being held up pending
your approval.
e.g.
Mr. Shaeffer
29-A
CONFIDENTIAL
Henry Morgenthau Jr., Secretary of the Treasury,
broke his long silence today to clarify his view that
Germany should be so economically weakened after this
war that she would be incapable of disturbing the world's
peace for at least 50 years.
At the outset of an interview, Mr. Morgenthau made
it plain that he was speaking as an individual rather
than as a presidential advisor. Specific details of
memoranda he has sent to the White House on the subject,
at the President's request, are White House property, he
explained.
Mr. Morgenthau, who has two sons in the services,
said that it was his belief, as a private citizen, that
merely to outlaw a few vital war industries in Germany -without seriously crippling her broad economic power -- is
not going far enough to insure the peace and stabilize
international affairs.
29-B
-2On the other hand, he added, his views do not --
as the popular conception and the Axis radio had it last
Fall -- call for the complete destruction of all industry
in Germany. Food processing industries and others
necessary to meet minimum domestic essentials could be
retained.
Mr. Morgenthau's basic contention is founded on the
following three principal points of reasoning:
1. Germany, if allowed to keep her principal
industrial strength and thereby her economic power, would
continue to be a big factor in European power politics,
even though denied such "key" war industries (of small
weight in peace-time economy) as aluminum, aircraft and
synthetic oil plants. Germany would also remain tempting
bait as a collaborator with any other aggressively-minded
power, which at the start of a new attempt at world
domination, could make the war materials outlawed in Germany.
2. A weak Germany -- one so stripped economically and
financially that she could not make a comeback for another
50 to 60 years -- is necessary to quiet Russian fears and
halt the European competition for the acquisition of
buffer states.
29-C
-33. A strong Britain is the best insurance against
America becoming involved in a third European war against
Germany. Unless Germany is eliminated as a world economic
competitor to Britain, it will take Britain many years to
recover financially from this war. If Germany remains
economically strong Britain may never recover.
"I believe that I am more familiar with Britain's
financial position than anyone in the United States,"
Mr. Morgenthau said, "and I can tell you that she has
scraped the bottom of the barrel to fight this war.
"I would like to see Britain strong once more and
the Russians without fear. A weak Germany is the answer
to both these problems. If these problems are solved, the
remaining international issues are minor ones."
Removal of German industrial facilities to nations
which have been the victims of Nazi aggression and
destruction of those which cannot be moved, plus
destruction of the German financial octopus, would have
the same effect as Sherman's scorching march through the
South during the American Civil War, he said.
29-
-4"Perhaps in 50 or 60 years there would be some
'good Germans' in Germany," he observed, indicating that
it is not his idea to permanently ban reconstruction of
basic German industry which is not in the "key" war
industry group.
Mr. Morgenthau's views, which include territorial
amputations on the Reich, have apparently found favor with
both the Russians, who would go further, and Prime Minister
Winston Churchill, who heard them firsthand from
Mr. Morgenthau at last summer's Quebec Conference.
Mr. Chruchill recently indicated, during a Commons
debate, that the British had no objections to the Soviet
plan for annexation of Eastern Germany and parts of East
Prussia to Poland, while Russia establishes her own
boundaries on what has been part of East Poland and takes
other territory in East Prussia.
Although the American government has issued no state-
ment on the subject -- pending the forthcoming "Big Three"
conference between Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin --
informed administration sources have indicated that this
D
29-E
-5 Government likewise has no objections to plans like those
of Mr. Morgenthau and the Russians.
The small nation victims of Germany such as Belgium,
Holland, Norway and Luxembourg, as well as France, have
already asked the "Big Three" for a share of transplanted
German industry.
Mr. Morgenthau, in his interview, ridiculed critics
who charged that the so-called "Morgenthau Plan" gave the
Hitler war machine a psychological weapon which bolstered
German resistance last Fall.
In the first place, he pointed out, he and other
Treasury officials did not make the plan public and have
had no comment on it prior to today. The story "leaked"
from unknown sources in other departments and many versions
were garbled.
"If there is blood on anyone's hands -- and that is
ridiculous -- it is on those who made the plans public,
he said.
"But even that is ridiculous," he continued, "since
the Russians have officially and publicly announced more
29-F
-6drastic views -- and of course Goebbels would not stop
at making up any kind of tale which he thought might
strengthen the German will to fight."
00o
30
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION
DATE January 24, 1945
TO:
The Secretary of the Treasury
FROM:
James L. Houghteling
Attached is a report of the work of the Inter-Racial
Section, War Finance Division, which summarizes the War Bond
promotion work of the Treasury Department among Negroes. I be-
lieve it will interest you and will be worth a couple of minutes
of your time to glance over. Pages 59 and 84 to 88 summarize
the story.
Home
James L. Health
31
REPORT OF INTERRACIAL SECTION - 1944
By Martha B. Goldman
Assisted by:
Geneva I. Kempton
Florence M. Ward
Interracial Section,
William Pickens, Chief
National Organizations Division
James L. Houghteling, Director
32
FOREWORD
Besides the operation of the War Bond sales program,
the War Finance Division of the Treasury Department is charged
with the responsibility of conducting War Loan Drives, continuing to build Payroll Savings and planning the sale of extra
Bonds to workers during drives.
One unit of the War Finance Division, which deals
primarily with the Bond activities among colored Americans,
is the Interracial Section. This Section is a part of the
National Organizations Division and operates under the
direct supervision and guidance of James L. Houghteling,
Director.
Through contact with various types of organizations,
representati ves of the Section have been able to work among
civic groups; schools; insurance companies; women's clubs
and societies; labor, industrial, fraternal and religious
organizations; farmers, and with numerous individuals.
Section members have made hundreds of talks at Bond Rallies
and other meetings and have done an outstanding selling job
in all parts of the country; but as the records of the War
Finance Division do not show a racial breakdown, there is
no way of determining specifically the amount of War Bonds
sold to colored Ameri cans.
Quoting from a recent statement by Ted R. Gamble,
National Director of the War Finance Division: "When the
record of this war effort shall have been written, it will
show that Negroes not only fought the enemy in the front
lines of the battle overseas, but met him on the homefront
on the assembly lines and the bond-purchasing lines."
########
33
CONTENTS
Foreword
Page
Resume of Section Activities
1-5
Interrecial Section Personnel
Pickens reports
6
7-19
Allen reports
20-38
Hunter reports
Organisation plan - women's groups
29-43
40-41
McLean reports
43-80
Selden reports
51-58
Grand Totals (National Staff)
Field and State Personnel
Creeker. Curtis A. (Virginia WFO)
Pegue, I. P. Jr. (Upstate New York WFG)
Sinne. Harry (Alabama WFG)
Spaulding, C.C. (North Carolina WFO)
Taylor, O.C.W. (Louisiana WFO)
Thomas, Jesse 0. (Consultant)
Turpin, Major C.U. (Illinois MFG)
Walker, Dr. Jos. 3. (Consultant)
War Bond Sales (and Payrell Savings Estimate)
General Participation in War Bond Program (cross-section)
I. Armed Forces
II. Actors. Artists, Entertainers
III. Business
IV. Children
se
60-4
60-3
60-0
60-D
60-3
60-7
60-8
60-E
61
63-85
63
64
65
66
V. Community
67
VI. Preternal
VII. Individuals
VIII. Insurance
IX. Projects
68
00-71
73
73
X. Schools
XI. Yar Bond Saving Clubs (and charts)
XII. Women's Organisations
XIII. Miscellaneous
XIV. Awards and Prises
RECAPITULATION - Interracial Section
74-75
76-78
79
80-81
82-85
84
HIGHLIGHTS OF 1944 (from the press and other sourees)
Bond Sales - $1,000,000 or more
800,000 or more
88-88
100,000 OF more
85-86
86-87
87-88
Outstanding Dreats
Unique Promotions
APPRECIATION
85
85
88
34
1.
RESUME OF
INTERRACIAL SECTION ACTIVITIES
1944
I. PERSONNEL - 38 (See p.6)
A. National Office - 9
B. Field offices - 12
C. --a-Year Employees - 15
D. Special Aides - 2
II. PERSONNEL CHANGES
A. Incoming - 5
1. Charles C. Craft - March 24
2. Florence M. Ward - April 14
3. Benjamin F. Selden - May 25
4. Charles A. MoLean - May 26
5. Pearl D. King - Sept. 11
B. Outgoing - 4
1. Willard W. Allen (part-time) - Detailed to Baltimore, Md., April 1
2. Benjamin F. Seldon - Detailed to Newark, N.J., August 5
3. Alsada M. Buford - Interior Department, September 2
4. Mathalia L. Davis, Resigned September 26
III. BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Speeches Prepared
1. To War Mothers of the American Race
2. Unity of Americans in War and Peace
3. War Savings and Nar Effort among American Negroes
4. Americans Fight and Die in Defense of this Institution
(West Virginia State College)
B. Magazine Articles
1. The Fifth War Loan
2. The American Negro and His Country in World War
3. Your Country, the United States of America
4. What the Negro is Getting out of this War
5. Unole Sam Asked for 7 and We Gave Him 101
6. The American Negro Participates in War Finance
C. Press Releases
1. Dean Says Negro Has War Stake
2. Record of One Negro School in War Finance
3. High Mark for Negro Workers in War Effort
4. War Posters by and About the American Negro
5. War Bonds Held by Negro Companies and Concerns
6. The Treasury Department's Interracial Section
2.
D. Circular Letters
1. To the Leaders of American Negro Organizations
2. Do you Know that This is Our Wart
3. A Photographic Story of Negro Participation in War Savings
4. Planned Spending and Saving
5. To Advertising Managers - Negro Press
6. To D. C. Churches - for church cooperation
7. Consolidated Holding of War Bonds by National Organizations
8. To War Finance Workers re Campaign Book Material
9. Negro Participation in War Finance
10. "SS Harriet Tubman" - solicitation
11. WBSC Pamphlet Announcement
12. "Farm Bond" Aids (by MLPredmore)
13. Sixth War Loan Cooperation - General
14. Women's Organisations - 6th War Loan Cooperation
15. National Negro Business League - Retailers' Program
E. Other
1, Work Load Table of the Interracial Section. (9/2)
2. Minutes of the WBSC Organizing Committee Meeting, Feb. 29
3. Annual Summary of Section Activities - 1943
IV. PUBLIC RELATIONS
A. Newspaper Service
1. Edgar T. Rouseau (Loaned by Pittsburgh Courier) for
4th, 5th, and 6th War Loan Drive (Ernest E. Johnson)
2. Campaign Book, Minute Man
3. office of War Information
B. Travel Data (National Staff)
1. *Number of oities visited - 258
2. Number of days spent in field - 705 3/4
C. Addresses Made - 174
D. Rallies, Conferences, Meetings Addressed or Attended - 702
E. Day-to-Day Sales, Booths, Etc. (Women's Organizations) - See pp.40-41
F. Correspondence
1. See "Circular Letters", Sec. D above
2. Special Correspondence re:
(a) Aviator Poster
(b) Baby Poster
(o) Megro Participation in War Finance
(d) War Bond Saving Clubs - progress
3. General Correspondence
. Several cities visited many times.
3.
3.
G. Mailing Lists - Distribution
1. Agricultural Extension Workers - 57 (AP List #374)
2. Athletic Associations.- Intercollegiate - 16
3. Baptist Associations - 475
4. Baptist State Convention Presidents - 15 (AP List #376)
5. CIO Negro Workers - 9
6. Colleges, Negro - 108 (AP List #379)
7. Elk Lodges - 506
8. Elk Temples - 449
9. High Schools - 710
10. Knights of Peter Claver and Ladies' Auxiliary - 144 (AP List #317)
11. Masons, Grand Masters - 38(AP List 4377)
12. National Asen. Adv. Col. People - 700 branches
13.National Asan. Colored Women's Clubs - 73 (AP Lists + 293 & 293a)
14. National Council of Negro Women - 31
15. National Negro Business League - 91 (AP List #380)
16. National Negro Insurance Assn. & Underwriters - 55 (AP List #381)
17. National Organizations - 122 (AP List #341)
18. Newspapers - 223
19. Urban Leagues - 42 (AP List #378)
20. War Bond Committee Chairmen (Negro) - 33
21. WBSC State Representatives - 29 (AP List #375)
23. War Finance Committees (Negro Chairmen) - 480 (AP List #320)
23. War Finance Workers - 42
24. Women's Organisations, National - 21
25. YMCA -48
26. YWGA - 70
H. Special Distributions
1. Negro Aviator Poster - 200,000
2. Negro Baby Poster - 170,000
3. War Bond Saving Club Pamphlets - 120,000
V. WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS (pp.76-78) See also p.60-H
A. Organising Committee Meeting, February 29, 1944.
B. States Represented: Ala., Ark., Calif., Fla., Go., n1., Kans., Ky.,
La., Md., Mass. Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.M N.Y., N.C., Ohio,
Okla., Tenn., Tex., Va., V.Va., Wise. (25)
C. Number of WBSCs organised - 265: Memberships 9,021
D. Value of War Bonds reported - $2,294,303.30
E. Outstanding State Report:Miss. -19816(bubs; $1,657,200in Bonds
VI.
SURVEYS
A. Progress of War Bond Saving Clubs - in process
B. Negro Participation in the War Finance Pagree - in process
C. Publicity Survey (News Items). See pp. 63-83
VII. EXHIBITS
A. "The Negro in American Life" (Loaned by the Council Against
Intelerance in America)
B. "A Photographic Story of Negro Participation in War Savings"
(not completed)
(AP) Addressograph Plates on file with Chicago Mailing Division.
4.
VIII. INTRA-BUREAU COOPERATION
A. National Organizations Division (Houghteling)
1. Labor Section (Hyatt)
2. Business & Trade Associations (Wuerdeman, Sangston)
3. Fraternal and Service (FitsGibbon)
B. Women's Division (Blake, Reynolds)
1. Women's National Organizations (Negro)
2. NACW Metropolitan Councils (AP List #293A)
3. NACW Affiliated Organizations (AP List #293)
C. Other Sections
1. Agriculture (Predmore, Daly)
a. Agricultural Extension Workers (AP List #374)
b. Land Grant College Presidents
c. Agricultural Directors
d. Vocational Ag Teacher-Trainers
2. Education (Melcher, Matheny, McClure, Erbe)
a. Jeanes Teachers (Ebert, Shapiro)
b. Negro Schools and Colleges (AP List #379)
3. Retail Section (Poulte, Nitkowski)
a. Negro Business Leagues (AP List #380)
b. Negro Chambers of Commerce (AP List #380)
4. Newspaper Section (Little, Phillips, Runkel)
a. Negro Newspapers
5. Radio (Smith, Kafka, Molohon)
a. Music Committee - appointed to "choose the best patriotic
song composed by Negroes and to devise adaptations of Negro
spirituals" - 9/20/44
Dr. Harry Burleigh, General Chairman
Andy Razaf, popular music (See p.86)
**That's Why I Buy Bonds" by Andy Razaf
and J.Rosamond Johnson
**Nar Bond Man", by Andy Rasaf
(Recording by Frank Sinatra)
*"Japan", by Andy Razaf and Chappie Willette
Langston Hughes, lyricist
Dr. Kelville Charlton
J.C. Johnson
J. Rosamond Johnson
James P. Johnson
Dr. Hall Johnson
C. Luckyeth Roberts
W. C. Handy
William Grant still (See p.83, Los Angeles)
Duke Ellington
Chappie Willette
b. Special Radio Show produced, adapted and broadcast by
Duke Ellington and his organisation for the 6th War Loan
Drive.
# Approved by Treasury Department's Radio Committee
5.
5.
38
C. Dr. Hall Johnson submitted a song titled, "Buy a Bond Today, -
subtitle: a message from a soldier in a foxhole to his family
at home. Sung by Elijah Hodges (Negro).
This record came a little late for application to the 6th War
Loan Drive but will be used along with a song titled "Japan"
by Rasaf & Willette for the interim period between drives.
6. Special Events (Shelton, Oulahan)
a. Actors. Artists, Entertainers (through Negro State Deputies)
Hattie McDaniel, Canada Lee, Duke Ellington, Erskine Hawkins,
Cab Calloway, Hasel Scott, Marva Louis, Muriel Rahn, Clarence
Muse, Fredi Washington. Marian Anderson, Paul Rebeson,
Dorothy Maynor, Lena Horne, Count Basie, The Charioteers,
Eddie Anderson (Rochester), and others.
IX. CITATIONS - "For patriotic cooperation rendered in behalf of the
War Finance Program"
-
A. Improved Order of Samaritans, Athens, Ga.
B. Henry Allen Boyd, Searetary, National Baptist Publishing Board,
Nashville, Tenn.
0. Bishop James A. Bray (posthumous), Chicago, Ill.
D. Father Divine, New York City
E. Dr. Joseph E. Walker, National Chairman, War Bond Saving Clubs
Organising Committee, Memphis, Tenn.
F. Harlan W. Carter, Bureau of Engraving, Washington, D. 0.
X.
OUR INTERRACIAL SECTION won the "Treasury" Flag for 13% monthly payroll
and 100% employee participation in the War Bond program. (10/9/44)
During the 6th War Loan Drive the Section won the distinction of being
the first unit of the War Finance Division to submit a complete report
showing 100% employee participation. The Section not only met its
quota of Extra Bond purchases for the Drive, but exceeded its quota
by 505 percent. (11/1/44)
6.
TREASURY WAR FINANCE STAFF
INTERRACIAL SECTION - 38
National Office - 9
William Pickon's, Chief, Interracial Section
Charles C. Craft, Executive Manager
Mrs. Martha B. Goldman, Executive Assistant
Mrs. Nell Hunter, Promotion Specialist
Willard W. Allen
#
Charles A. McLean
#
Miss Pearl D. King, Stenographer
Miss Geneva I. Hampton
Mrs. Florence M. Ward
#
Field Personnel - 12
Basil A. Austin, Deputy Manager, New York City
Robert P. Braddicks, Deputy Executive Manager, New York City
Ourtis A. Crocker, Promotion Specialist, Richmond, Va.
James N. Freeman, Deputy Administrator, Jefferson City, Mo.
Benjamin Grant, Field Supervisor, Payroll Saving Div., Chicago, Ill.
R. A. Hester, Special Representative, Dallas, Texas
Jerome C. Lett. Promotion Specialist, Austin, Texas
John 0. McLaughlin, Promotion Specialist, Greensboro, N. 0.
I.P. Pogue, Deputy Manager, Western District, New York
Benjamin F. Seldon, Deputy Administrator, Newark, N. J.
Harry Simms, Promotion Specialist, Tuskegee Institute, Ala.
Major 0. U. Turpin, Deputy Manager, Chicago, I11.
Dollar-a-year Consultants (serve on a national basis) - 15
F. D. Bluford, Greensboro, N.C.
Mrs. Road Brown Bracy, Tuskegee Institute, Ala.
Rufus C. Childress, Little Rock, Ark.
M. C. Clarke. Gleveland, Ohio
John W. Davis, Institute, W. Va.
Miss Jane B. Hunter, Cleveland, Ohio
Eugene Keathley, Colp. Ill.
Dr. J. W. Sanford, Oklahoma City, Okla.
0. C. Spaulding, Durham, N.C.
O.C.W.Taylor, New Orleans, La.
Jesse 0. Thomas, Washington, D. 0.
Dr. Channing H. Tobias, New York City
C. L. Townes, Richmond, Va.
Dr. Joseph E. Walker, Memphis, Tenn.
J. Finley Wilson, Washington, D. C.
Special Service - a
T. N. Campbell, Consultant, Tuskegee Institute, Ala.
John W. Mitchell, Consultant, Hampton Institute, Va.
The above lists do not include the 29 State Representatives of the Var Bond
Saving Clubs Organising Committee, under the leadership of Dr. J. 3. Walker:
they give excellent service on a volunteer basis.
Others not mentioned here are chairmen and members of the State War Finance
Committees and subcommittees in the various States. There is also a large
number of citizens who render valuable volunteer aid in the program during
each Drive in every city and State in the country.
Pickens
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
7.40
OF
WILLIAM PICKENS
Table 1. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed), Attendance and
Outcomes.
January, 1944
Date
Meeting
Attendance or
Activity
Objective or
Outcome
JANUARY
1
6
BOSTON, MASSACHISETTS
Mass Meeting of Churches,
celebrating Emancipation
Proclamation.
Speaker
Mar Bond Appeal
War Finance Staff meeting.
Conferences
Possibility of using
Army Air Forces Band
from Tuskegee to
Baltimore for Bond
Drive.
7
9
Conference with Dr. L. S.
Terry, Pharmacist.
Conference
Sales - $9,700
Speaker - 3,000
War Bond Appeal
Mass Meeting at Avery
A.M.E. Church.
Speaker - 10,000
$400,000- Sales
Bond Rally at Booker
T. Washington High
Speaker
Sales - $2,600
Speaker
Interest of 4th
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
Celebration of Emancipation
Proclamation.
23
24
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
School
30
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
Fourth Har Loan Program
War Loan
7
13,000
$412,300
Pickens
8.
Table 2. Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance,
and Outcomes.
Date
2
Meeting
February, 1944.
Attendance or
Outcome
13,000
Presentation of War
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
Mass meetings with
Ford River Rouge Plant
Finance Campaign
employees.
5
6
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA
Mass meeting at YWCA
Sales - $1,000,000
500
Sales - $20,000
700
Sales - $14,000
250
Sales - $10,000
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA
Meeting in Catholic
Church for Colored People
8
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Bond rally at Garnette
Patterson High School,
American Legion units.
12
MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA,
USO meeting. Harry Simms
attending.
14
Objective or
Activity
Speaker
Sales - $137,000
TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA
War Finance Parade; Tuskegee
Army Air Force Band; The Mayor
2,000
Sales $100,000
and other local officials
participating.
15
JASPER, ALABAMA
War Bond Meeting, officials of 2,000
city and WFC participating.
20
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO
War Finance meetings. Clayton Speaker
Powell participating.
27
Stimulation of War
Bond Sales.
HAMPTON, VIRGINIA
Conferences with local
official of Hampton
Conferences
Institute.
29
Sales - $100,000
To increase Bond and
Stamp sales.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Meetings with Masons,
addressed by Mr. Houghteling
and others.
10
Conferences.
Planning War Bond Saving
Clubs.
18,450
$1,281,000
Pickens
0
Table 3.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed, Attendance
and Outcomes.
March, 1944
Attendance
Meetings
Date
Objective
or
or
Activity
Outcome
MARCH
3
WASHINGTON, D. 0.
Meeting with members of Negro
Chamber of Commerce, of Houston.
Conference
Possibility of future
engagements for War
Finance thru this
Chamber.
9
HARTFORD, CONNECTIGUT
To promote savings
Members of Hopewell Baptist
among their constit-
Church
unnes and patrons
14
WASHINGTON. D. C.
Station WINX
Radio Broadcast
Explanation of
WBSC program
15
WASHINGTON, D. 0.
Meeting with Mr. John NoGee
and Mr. Schneider re War Bond
Conference
Plans for presenta-
tion of the Var
Bond play
play be be presented in Negro
High Schools
16
Conference with Mr. Allen of
Conference
24
Meeting with Mr. Olnay and
Mr. McCorkle, re general use
of Negro Baby poster
Appointment of State
Chairman of the WBSG
War Finance Committee
movement in D. 0.
Conference
Recommended general
use of Negro Baby
poster to stimulate
interest among Negro
citizens.
TOTALS
o
6
Pickons
10.
Table 4.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
and Outcomes
April, 1944
Attendance
OF
OF
Meeting
Date
Objective
Activity
Outcome
APRIL
12
LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY
Kentucky Negro Education Assn.
Speaker -
War Savings stressed
450
14
WILMERDING, PENNSYLVANIA
County Jr. High School
Speaker -
War Bond appeal
650
15
PITTSBURGE. PENNSYLVANIA
Red Caps meeting
19
Conference
Presentation of War
Bond Saving Club plan
Conference
Presentation of War
Bond Saving Club plan.
CHICAGO. ILLINOIS
War Finance Office -
Negro Chamber of Commerce
23
Metropolitan Community
Church
27
CAIRO, ILLINOIS
Summer High School
Patriotic program,
2,950
War Bond appeal
Speaker -
Sales - $15,000
EVANSTON, ILLINOIS
Township High School
28
Speaker -
4,000
Speaker -
Sales - $ 4,325
400
20
CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS
Church group
Speaker -
Sales - # 1,200
200
TOTALS
8,680
$20,825
Pickons
11.
Table 5. Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
and Outcomes.
May, 1944
Date
Meetings
Attendance
Objective
or
Activity
or
Outcome
Conference
War Bond Saving
MAY
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Chicago Defender officials
6-9
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
A.M.E.Z. General Conference
WFO officials
10-14
Clubs publicity.
Conference
#
#
Speaker 10,000
War Bond Appeal
Patriotic meeting
NEW YORK, N. Y.
WFC officials
Conference
24-25
WFC officials
Conference
28
WFG officials
Conference
29
Fifth War Loan plans
.
#
.
#
#
#
WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK
New York Order of Elks
Bond Rally -
Sales - $100,000
500
TOTALS
O
#
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
A.M.B. General Conference
15-16
Fifth War Loan plans
#
1
10,500
$100,000
.
Pickens
Table 6.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance
and Outcomes.
June 1944.
Attendance
Meeting
Date
Objective
Actifity
or
Outcome
Conference
Fifth War Loan
JUNE
10-12
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
VFC officials and
volunteers
13-15
plans
Ebeneser AME Church
Speaker
War Bond appeal
Tinken Axle Co.
Speaker - 2400
$240,000*
Speaker - 150
War Bond appeal
Conference
War Bond appeal
Lackey Foundry Co.
Speaker - 1400
$140,000°
Campbell, Wyant
Speaker - 1250
$125,000°
Speaker - 200
War Bond appeal
GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN
A.M.E. Church
WFO officials
MUSKEGON. MICHIGAN
and Gannon
John Wesley AMEZ Ch.
16
20-21
BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN
MFC officials
Conference
War Bond appeal
Central High School
Speaker - 1000
$100,000°
VFC officials
Conference
Bond program
Urban League officials
Conference
Bond program
Bond Rally
Speaker - 1500
Sales - $50,000
BUFFALO, NEW YORK
TOTALS
13
*
7,900
A minimum of $100 for each worker
$655.000
12.
Pickens
15.
Table 7. Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
and Outcomes.
Date
7
Meeting
July, 1944
Attendance or
Activity
46
Objective or
Outcome
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
WFC officials
Conference
Representation for
Business League Convention
8-9
Masonic Order
Bond Rally
Sales $98,800
Royal Theater
2500
Sales - $37,000
Conference
Negro participation
Speaker
Sales stimulation
Conference
B.F. Seldon's progress
Griffith Stadium
Bond Rally
Sales $1,000 (rained out)
Ft. Dupont Park
Bond Rally 15,000
War Bond Appeal.
Rev. J. E. Elliott
Conference
Loan of Bond Booth
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
WFC officials
Mr. Zion AME Church
10
NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
WFC officials
13
in the field.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
St. Luke's Church.
27
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
WFC officials
Conference
YMCA
Mass meeting
"Negro Soldier" film
shown.
United Ushers Assn.
1150
Introduced War Bond
Saving Clubs plan.
12
18,650
$136,800
Pickons
14.
Table 8. Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance
and Outcomes.
August, 1944
Attendance
or
Date
Meetings
Activity
Objective
or
Outcome
AUGUST
4
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
New Farmers of America,
Virginia State College
21
Speaker .
700
War Bond Appeal
Nation-wide representation
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
Masonic Grand Lodge
Speaker -
Var Bond Appeal
1,000
24
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Elks Grand Lodge
Speaker 1,200
29
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
Mesers. FitsGibbon, Marc Ray
Conference
Tri-city participation
in War Bond program
Clement, and Harry Simme
National Negro Business
$75,000
Speaker
War Bond Appeal
League, 16th Street Baptist
Church
TOTALS
5
2,900
$75,000
Pickeas
15.
Table 9. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
and Outcomes.
September, 1944
Attendance
OF
Date
Meetings
SEPTEMBER
8
Conference
Status of War Bond
Saving Clubs
Conference
Formulation of
NEW YORK, N. Y.
WFO officials and leading
Negro Good Music
Negro musicians
25
Committee
WASHINGTON, D. C.
National Alliance of Postal
Employees, B. C. Frasier
TOTALS
or
Outcome
BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
Willard W. Allen and
Prof. Ed. N. Wilson
20
Activity
Objective
3
Conference
Sales - $1,000
$1,000
Pickens
16.
19
Table 10. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
and Outcomes.
October, 1944
Attendance
or
Date
Meetings
Activity
Objective
or
Outcome
OCTOBER
1-3
INSTITUTE, WEST VIRGINIA
West Virginia State Collage
19-20
MNID, OKLAHOMA
N.A.A.C.P. officials
1,250
War Bond Appeal
Conference -
Sales stimulation
2,000
Officials of Langston
University
21-23
War Bond Appeal
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
Langston University
25
2,000
800
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Associated Negro Press,
Conference
Members of Congress
.
#
#
Plans for War Bond
program - 6th War
Loan
27
GARY, INDIANA
Roosevelt High School
officials
TOTALS
6
Conference
Plans for 6th War
Loan
6,050
Pickons
17.
50
Table 11. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
and Outcomes.
November, 1944
Attendance
Objective
or
Date
Meetings
NOVEMBER
3
OF
Activity
Outcome
MARTINSVILLE, VIRGINIA
Public High School
Meeting -
Sales - $7,000
250
4
ROANOKE, VIRGINIA
Officials of Methodist
Conference
Episcopal Church
15
Plans for 6th
War Loan
WASHINGTON. D. C.
Officials of O.P.A., and
35
Promotion of War
Bond sales thru
Negro Insurance companies
anti-inflation pro-
grea.
18-19
KARRISBURG, PA.
Young Mens Christian Asan.
26
75
War Bond Appeal
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Officials of MFC
Conference
Reports for 6th
War Loan Drive
28
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
Zion Baptist Church,
Conference
War Loan Drive
Var Finance Committee
TOTALS
6
Promotion of 6th
#
300
#
$7,000
.
Pickons 18.
Table 12.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
December 1944,
Date
Meeting
DECEMBER
1
re Improvement
$1,000
Conference
War Bond appeal
Fla. A&M College
Speaker
Var Bond appeal
community people
3.000
O.C.D. officials
Conference
Plans for tour
Conference
Speaker
$20,000
- 600
ST. AUGUSTINE, JACKSONVILLE, FIA
TALLAHASSE, FLA
TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALA.
Farm leaders
Farmers, citizens,
school personnel
- 3200
mostly to farmers
NORMAL, ALA.
State school
faculty & students
Community people
20.
Panel
Teachers' atg.
faculty, students &
15.
Outsome
of race relations
in war effort
College presidents
18-14.
seriesty
discussion
- 480
Bethune-Cookman College
3-5
Objective
DAYTONA BEACH, FLA.
Bethune-Cookman College
a
Attendance
Speaker
- 800
Stressed War
Savings
Speaker
$18,500
Conference
Plans for Ganden atg.
Meeting
Bond promotion
Conferences
Plans for
- 800
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
B. F. Seldon
GAMDEN, N. J.
WFC officials
21-23.
NEW YORK CITY, NEWARK, N.J.
WFO officials
Leading citizens
29.
30.
31.
NEW YORK CITY
Golden Gate Rally
Speaker
NAAOP officials
MPO officials
Conference
- 2,000
$10,000
#
NEWARK, N.J.
Metropolitan Dept. Church
TOTALS
Bond meetings
18
Speaker
- 1500
12,380
49.500
19.
19.
PICKENS - Totals
1944
Month
No. of Conferences
or meetings
Number in
Attendance
Objectives OF
Outcomes
Days IN
field
Travel Date
NO. 61
Cities
Cost
(Bond Sales)
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
TOTALS
7
10
13,000
$ 412,300
18,450
1,281,000
11 1/2
4
80.65
23
9
167.75
5
2
6
8
7
13
12
5
8,650
20,525
24 3/4
6
169.28
10,500
100,000
17 3/4
5
135.55
7,900
655,000
23
8
158.05
18,650
136,800
5
41.34
2.900
75,000
11
4
79.74
1,000
6
2
43.80
17
5
112.58
3
6
6
18
101
38.10
6,050
5 1/2
360
7,000
12
4
73.05
12,350
49,500
25
11
179.56
98,810
$2,738,125
181 1/2
65
$1279.48
Allen
53
20.
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
of
WILLARD W. ALLEN
Table 1.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
January 1944
Meeting
Date
JANUARY
3
Joint services of and
Shileh Daptist Churches
5
Objective
or
or
Outcome
Activity
Speaker -
BALTIMORE, ND.
Faith Baptist Church
4
Attendance
Goodwill Industries, Inc.
1000
Speaker 200
WASHINGTON, D.O.
BALFINORN, ND.
81st anniversary celebration
of Beaucipation Proclemation
11
WFO and Harlen Theatre
-
Nbenoser AMB Church
Trinity Baptist Church
Southern Septist Church
18
Presided 8800
Conference
Furnish neverspos
service for
4th V.L. Drive
Speaker 2800
Colices - Jee Louis
5000
TOTALS
2800
Shileh Deptict Church - Speaker
2000
Been Septict Church - Nass meeting
Civil Edborbies Longue
1800
29
Sales - $2,000
Influenced Jee
appeal
ELACE Neeting
Recemental Rodge of Sike
Presented
to make Was Bond
"refereeing Sour
so
War Loan Drive
program
endorsed
The Square Club (Nasona)
AND Heeting - Speaker
Plans for 4th
350
600
Courier reported for duty
23
vaso progress
endereed
VBSC
Edgar T. Rouseau of Pittsburgh
32
Consider tying is
500
WASHINGTON. D.O.
BALTIMORE, ND.
4th War Loan plans
farm population
4th Var Loan Drive
officials TO Bond premiere
16
.
.
If
2500
Section conference with our
agricultural staff members
9
Var Bond Appeal
480
500
700
26,300
Coop. pledged.
.
.
#
#
Yes
Bond
Appeals
$3,000
a
Allen
54
Table 2.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance,
and Outcomes.
February, 1944.
Attendance
or
Meeting
Date
FEBRUARY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2.
Activity
Conference
Independent Order
ANNAPOLIS, MD.
School officials &
or
Outcome
Drive to purchase
Airplane apbulance
($58,000 on hand)
of St. Lukes
4.
Objective
Speaker 1,000
In interest of 4th
War Loan Drive
students of Anne
Arundel County
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
9-10.
Phila. Signal Depot
13.
PRINCESS ANNE, MD.
Speaker -
95% employee
18,000
(70% Negroes)
12% of payroll
Bond Rally
Leading citisens
of 4 counties
17.
participation.
$30,700
Bond Sales
$30,000
BALTIMORE, MD.
Bend Sales
Bond premiere
"Lifeboat"
Bishope and Con-
nectional Councils
Speaker 2,000
Mess Meeting
18.
BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
Conference
Gaston Burial Asan.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Bond Sales
Negro citisens of
Alabama reported
$1,688,000
officials
22.
$10,000
Bond Rally
$85,475
Speaker -
$11,618.15
Indep. Order of
so. Lakes
25.
FREDERICK. MD.
Libeola School
400
assembly
27.
BALTIMORE, MD.
Payne Memorial
Speaker 1500
War Bond program
endorsed
AND Ch. Followship
Services - Latheran
29.
Organ. effected.
WASHINGTON. .
WBBC perphiet
adopted
Meeting of WBSC
committee
TOTALS
11
22,900
$225,798.18
22.
Allen
55
Table 3.-Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance,
and Outcomes.
March, 1944.
Attendance
or
Date
Meeting
Activity
Objective
or
Outcome
MARCH
1.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Conference
Field personnel
5.
BALTIMORE, MD.
Anniv. of Metro.
1200
Method Church
Metro. Bapt. Church
12.
ANNAPOLIS. MD.
Men's Day Victory
Rally
24.
WBSC program
discussion
Support pledged
4th War Loan
Drive
500
Speaker -
WBSC plan
600
adopted
1000
1500
to date
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Charles C. Craft
reported for duty
26.
BALTIMORE, MD.
First Bapt. Church
Knights of Pythias
anniversary service
TOTAL
5
4800
$15,000
$15,000
28.
Allen
56
Table 4.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
April, 1944.
Attendance
Date
APRIL
1.
Meeting
Activity
Objective
outbone
Post of duty transferred
to Baltimore, Md.
2.
BALTIMORE, MD.
Enon Bapt. Church
Ames Math. Church
Payne Memorial Ch.
6.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Provident Home Ind.
Speaker -
WBSC program
2000
adopted
Conference
Full cooperation
pledged in WBSC
Mut. Life Ins. Co.
program
Amer. Woodman Frat-
.
.
ernal Ins. Co.
Scottish Rite Masons
White Rock Bapt. Ch.
9.
BALTIMORE, MD.
Hiran Consistory
Baoa Bapt. Church
Southern Bapt. Ch.
Ebeneser Dept. Ch.
11.
Penna. Ave. AMEZ Ch.
16.
Morning Star Dept. Ch.
E. Hoffman St. Keth. Ch.
Provident Dept. Ch.
17.
40th anniversary of
Mt. Sinai Dept. Ch.
19.
AME conference
23.
AMB conference
.
#
Speaker
a
Speaker
#
500
2800
300
350
Speaker
2000
500
.
WBSC plan
adopted
600
Speaker
3000
Speaker -
#
#
#
2500
28.
29.
Bond Rally
Speaker -
MILWAUKEE, WISC.
Conference
Leading citisens
Officials of Milw. Jul.
Conference
and the Tribune, YMCA
TOTAL
Calvary Dept. Ch.
Speaker
Bend Rally
Speaker
23
Expl. WBSC program
State Repr. appt'd
and NAACP officials
30.
$150,000
2000
Expl. WBSC
program
#
600
16,880
$7,000
$157,000
24.
57
Allen
Table 5.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
May 1944.
Date
Meeting
Attendance
or
Objective
Speaker
Explain WBSC
plan
or
Outcome
MAY
7-10.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
General Conf. AME Church
18-21.
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Wash. annual Conf.
N.C. Mutual Life Ins. Go.
Women's Sec. of Chr. Service
Pittsburgh Courier
Young People's Service
Alleghany High School
East Calvary Math. Church
TOTAL
10000
1000
Conference
Explain WBSC
plan
.
#
#
2800
3000
16500
Prattis WBSC $16000
Explain WBSC
plan
28.
58
Allen
0
Table 6.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
and Outcomes.
June - July 1944.
Attendance
or
Date
Activity
Meeting
JUNE
8-10.
GREENSBORO. N.C.
Central Jurisdictional Conf.
N. C. Mutual Ins. Co.
Negro Business League
Winston Mutual Life Ind. 30,
A & T College officials
Speaker
1,000
Conference
Objective
or
Outcome
Explained
War Bond
Saving Clubs
plan
#
#
If
JULY
1-3.
ST. LOUIS, MO.
Chamber of Negro Business
St. Paul AME Church
War Bond Bally
Masons, Grand Lodge of Mo.
TOTAL
9
Conference
900
Speaker
.
1,900
WBSC.plan
adopted.
Full support
pledged.
26.
Allen
27
Table 7.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance,
and Outcomes.
(August, September. October - no report)
November 1944.
Attendance
or
Date
Meeting
Activity
Objective
or
Outcome
NOVEMBER
18
BALTIMORE, MD.
American Garment Workers
Speaker 400
To intensify
the sale of
War Bonds.
19
FREDERICK. MD.
Quinn Methodist March
Order Eastern Star
20
WASHINGTON, D. c.
Speaker
- 800
Conference
WFD officials
22-29
BALTIMORE, MD.
5th Regiment, Armory
30
NORTH PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Phila. Signal
13
Re 6th War Loan
Drive.
War Bond Show
- Speaker
Speaker
-18,000
Stimulate greater
War Bond participation.
19.200
28.
ALLEN - Totals
1944
Month
No. of Conferences
or meetings
Number in
Attendance
January
17
24,300
February
11
22,900
March
April
May
June - July
Objectives or
Outcomes
$ 2,000
225,793.15
Days IN
field
Travel Data
no. or
Cities
Cost
3 1/2
6
26.70
8 1/4
5
54.10
3.80
5
4,800
15,000
1/2
3
23
16,850
157,000
4 1/4
2
28.60
2
64.50
2
59.00
3
8.19
22
$244.00
8
16,500
9
1,900
10
9 1/4
Aug - Oct - no report
November
13
19,200
86
106.450
1
December - no report
TOTALS
$399,793.15
363/4
20.
61
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
of
0
HELL HUNTER
Table 1.- - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
January 1944
Objective
Attendance
or
Outcome
OF
Meeting
Date
Activity
JANUARY
14-15
ST. PETERSBURG, FLA.
Conference
Organised War
Bond Drive
Speaker
Launched Campaign
State Federation of Colored
Women's Clubs
16
First Baptist Church
Canveesed
17-23
$20,000
-
CLEARWATER, FIA.
State Federation of Colored
Conference
Organised unit
Conference
Conference
$85,000
$85,000
Women's Clubs
TAMPA, FIA.
MIAMI, FLA.
for Drive -
for Drive
State Federation of Colored
Women's Glube
24-25
WEST PAIM BEACH. FLA.
City Federation of Colored
Conference
Women's Glube
School and Church Groups,
Conferences Sales-$16,000
Pledges-$55,000
and Individuals
36
DAYTONA BEACH, FIA.
College
Mass Meeting
27-30
JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
Negro WFO and Women's
Speaker
Negro War Finance Committee
O
TOTALS
12
Mar Bond Appeal
$18,000
-
Conference
Coordinated
activities for
Drive
Federation
Mass Meeting
Set - Var Bond
Organisation
-
$1,800
Conference $300,000
-
$887.800
Rester
so.
62
Table 3.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
February 1944
Attendance
or
Heeting
Date
Objective
or
Activity
Onlooms
Speaker
$1,000
FEBRUARY
ROANOKE, VA.
4
Phyllis Wheatley Brench YWGA
T.V.V.A
6
TUSKEGEE, AIA.
WFC of Alabama
MONTGOMERY. ALA.
Mass meeting at USO Center
7-14
TUSGALOOSA. SHAFFIETD. FLORENCE,
AND BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
Conference
Presented plan
Conference
Pleaned 1timorary
Program pleaning
-
Conference
War Finance Workers
Public Meetings (Clubs, Churches, Schools)
16-33
FLORENCE. SHEFFIELD. TUSCUMBIA, ALA.
Bond Rallies
BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
Bend Rally sponsored by Women's
Division, WFC
TUSKEGEN, ALA.
Air Dase
29
WASHINGTON, D.O.
of participation
Drive plans.
Onavassing
Influences
Sales.
-
3,000
-
$1,335,000
-
Speaker
-
$125,000
-
WBSO Organising Committee meeting
TOTALS
15
5.000
$1,361,000
31.
Mater
Nell Heater
63
Table 3. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance
and Outcomes
March, 1944
Attendance
Date
Meeting
or
Activity
Objective
or
Outcome
March 4.
Newark, N. J.
Women's Division-HFC
Conference
Increasing Negro
Women's participation
in Essex County
9-10-
Women's Division-WFC
Conference
Reorganised Negro
Women's Category
Women's Division-HFC
Conference
Introduced WBSC plan
16-18
22-28
Newark, N. J.
Mt. Zion Bapt. Ch.
Conference
Iota Phi Lambda
Explained War Bond
Saving Clubs
#
Serority
program
Essex County Beauty
"
Culturists
Ministerial Alliance
N
Essex Temple $42
Greater Newark Temple
War Bond Saving
Clube organised
#508
Victory Club
Crispus Attucks Auxiliary
American Legion Post
TOTALS
12
-
Hell Huster
88.
Heater
64
Table 4. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes
April, 1944
Astendance
Objective
or
Outcome
or
14
Activity
Meeting
Date
APRIL
Conferences
Newark, N.J.
C.I.O.
Leather Workers
WB80 plan
presented and
received
Crusible Steel Workers
Northington Steel Workers
Prudential Construction
Textile Workers
A.F. of L.
Building Service Employees
International Ned Carriers #699
Laundry Workers
I.L.A. (longshoremen) #1233
7-11
Baxter Housing Officials
Conference
Bethel Baptist Church officials
Conference
WB80 organised
Conference
VBS0 presented
Durham, N.O.
=
Leading citisens
12-24
28
Organisation heads - 35
#
Releigh. N.C.
Regional meeting of Jeanes Teachers
WBSC presented 9 WBSOs pledged.
Introduced
VBSG plan
29-30
Backy Mount, N.O.
Leading citisens
Speaker
a
Wilson, N.O.
Leading citisens
Speaker
WBSC organised 18 members
Tayloro. N.O.
Parent-Fonchers Association
Speaker
-
TOTALS
o
17
1980 presented
and endorsed
-
Hell Hunter
38.
Mater
65
Table 5.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance, and
Outcomes
May. 1944
Objective
Attendance
Meeting
May 2-9
or
Outcome
or
Date
Wilmington. N.O.
Parent-Teacher Agen.
Activity
Conferences
Ministerial Alliance
Commitments to
organise WBSCs.
Federal Housing Group
Shipbuilding Workers' Union
Charlette. N.O.
Conferences
#
American Legion
Teachers' Credit Union
A.K.A. Seresity
Asheville, N.O.
.
Conferences
Local Branch of NAAOP
Ministerial Alliance
City Federation Gel. Women
10-16
Winston-Salem, N.O.
Conferences
#
Winston Matural Life Insurance Co.
Air Raid Mardens
American Legion Post
Elk Ledge
Greensboro, N.O.
Conferences
American Legion WBBO
Elk Lodge WBSC
Assisted"existing
WBSOs
Beauticians' Volunteer Corps WBSC
Labor local VBSG
Darham, N.O.
State Representative WBSO
Conference
Appointed
to follow-w VBS0
work in city
21
Newark, N.J.
Conference
officials of labor unions
Presented WBSC plan Commitments to
Temberger Dept. Store employees
organise WB80g
lengshoremen
Fidelity Union front Co.,Negre empl.
Crusible Steel Weskers
Tidowater Air Base Workers
28
Detroit, Nich
Speaker
Detroit Asen. of Negro Women
Pledged 1000
salespersons for
5th Mar Issa
Drive.
TOTALS
26
-
-
36.
mater
well mater
66
Table 6. - Member and Nature of Meetings Attended (or addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
June 1944
Attendance
Objective
or
OF
Meetings
Date
Activity
Outerna
JUNE
4-6.
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
Speaker
Completing organ.
War Finance Committee
Conference
Plan for "Segre
Day" celebration
10.
Contacted prospective
boni-parchasers
Conference
Accured of
$36,000 sales
19.
Leading club wance
Conference
Orged. Venea's War
Finance Committee
Conference
Plans for 88
WFO and Netropolites Council
of NONE
17.
n.
DUFFALO, NEW YORK
NEW YORK CITY
Netropolitan Unit, NONW
for 5th W. L.
Harriet Tabman
Drive.
23.
TOTALS
a State Rallies
,
Speaker
-
-
-
ss.
Mater 67
0
Table 9. - Septer and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outsomes.
July - August 1944
Attendance
or
Mesting
Date
Activity
Objective
OF
Onterna
JULY
6.
PITTSBURGH. PHINGYLVANIA
Alleghany County
Conferrous
Dinner program.
Sales $88,000
Women's VFC
JULY
WASHINGTON OFFICE
Compiling
reports
4"
Plans for Mar Bond
Tabasa Drive to
date $1,800,000
2.
TORALS
1 2.
-
$1,888,000
so.
Heater
68
Table 8.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). or Attendance,
and Outcomes.
September. 1944.
Attendance
OF
Date
5-9
Neeting
CLEVELAND, OHIO
Activity
Conference
Contacted special
organisations (8)
Objective
or
Outcome
Commitment to
organise VBS0
Dumbar Var Bond Saving Club
11
Organisation leaders
Conferences
#
U.A.W. - A.F. of L.
Outhwaite Housing Project
St. James Methodist Church
12-13
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Speaker
Pledged service
on local WFO.
Women's Army for National
Orgad. workers for
Defense
6th Yar Loan
19
CLEVELAND, OHIO
Credit Union of Carver Houses
Conferences
Brotherhood Club
Thompson Aircraft workers
WBSC plan
accepted
Smelter's local (A.F.L.)
Urban League
Phyllis Wheatley Ass'n
Steel Workers' local
Auto Workers' local
Social Workers' Gouncil
Ministers' Conference
Nagro woman's WFO
28
Conference
Plans for 6th W.L.D.
Conference
Introduced WB80
TOLEDO, OHIO
VFC committee
leading citizens
plan.
Promise of organ.
of 4 WBSO.
26
0
ST.
master
63
Table 9. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
October 1944.
Attendance
or
Date
Meeting
Activity
objective
OF
Outcome
OCTOBER
14-29
GLEVELAND AND TOINDO, OHIO
Dumber Natural Society WBSG
Conferences
Outhwaite Housing Credit Union
Organising
Var
Bond
Saving
Clubs
Leading citizens
Conferences
Setting up
machinery
for 6th
War Loan
promotion
First Deptist Church - Teledo
Gery Methodist Church - Gleveland
TOTALS
Speaker
- 1200
Speaker
- 1800
2700
Mar
Bend
appeal
Meater
so.
Table 10.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance,
and Outcomes.
November 1944,
Attendance
Objective
Activity
Outcome
or
Meejing
Date
NOVEMBER
PITTSBURGH, Ph.
Negro Women's VFC
12
Guest Solsist,
or
$466.00
Masical Tea
- 500
For Drive
Report
$48,380
expenses.
BIRMINGHAM, ALA - R.Jackson
{
14-15
Beauticiene' Vol. Corps
BUFFALO, N. Y.
WFO members
Conference
Leading citizens
16
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
MFC members
Leading citizens
17-18
Conference
.
Plang for Drive
$5,000
Enlisted saleswomen
Please for
Drive.
ITHAGA, N. Y.
WFC members
Leading citisens
Community stg.
- 500
Orged. Campaign
Committee.
sha extra Bond is
every home."
PITTSBURGH, PA - 4. Folk
Vocan's Division
20-22
25-30
Report
BUFFALO, NAME FALLS, N.Y.
CHICAGO. ILL.
MFC members
Conferences
Leading citisons
Women's MFC & sube.
allo
beauticiens groups
800
character
Delisted services
for 6th Var Loan
Gampaign.
2600
$115,700
Bond Jully
TOTALS
}
4300
$100,00
Reater
71
Table 11.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
December. 1944
Attendance
Date
Meetings
INCORPER
1-24
Objective
or
Onteons
OF
Activity
OHIGAGO. ILLINOIS
(School rallies
105
4,000
Community organs. and Glube
600
Dinner meetings
800
($1,000-plate dinner
(Nerrison Hotel
Soleist375
$
29,000 plus
($1,600,000 plus)
DUQUOIN and
ILLINOIS
Public Meetings
Speaker800
Plans for community coverage
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA - V.O. Marsh
Women's Defense Corps
Report
$ 56,899.25
Women's organisations
Report
. 320,000
Women's Division. WFO
Report
10,800
DRIVER, COLORADO - L.Campbell
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
TOTALS
107
6,575
$ $16,499.35
Ruster
WORLD'S WAR FINANCE
40.
72
Oncontrational Structure
1. Chairman - Vice Chairman - Advisory Council
The advisory council is composed of heads of local women's organizations.
From these groups the following services are askeds
1. Bond buying from treasury funds
2. Membership buying
3. Membership selling
2. Sub-committees:
A. Publicity - Speaker's Bureau
This unit shall see that the community is kept informed of all committee
activities through the following channels!
1. Local newspapers and other periodicals.
3. Radio
3. Churches, clube and public gatherings where speakers may
be sent.
B. Stamps and Benda
1. The function of this unit is to designate sales stations
3. Man and supply stamps and bond applications for stations
3. Naice weekly or monthly reports to the chairman.
0. Rally
This unit shall organise public meetings for the purpose of selling
bonds and acquainting the community with the merits of the War Bond
program. These millies may be spensered by local organizations such as
sinisters wives associates, federated clubs, sororities or fraternal
atailiaries.
D. Bleek
The block sub-committee has as its function the door-to-door enavassing.
It usually operates during special campaigns such as the 1st, 2nd, 3rd OF
4th Var Loan Drive. (If possible, work with the local O.C.D. set-up.)
3. Bond Savings
If the committee so desires it may have as one of its projects, securing
sponsorship for War Bond Saving Clubs among local organisations that
exist in the community.
Satecories
s. Some chairman have found 11 simpler to break down the consistees into the felloving:
a. Federated elube
v. Business and professional groups
e. Typtomal amiliaries
d. Church groups
e. Beauty shops
The heads of and the heads of categories constitute the excentive
body.
Chairman or Co-Ordinator
Advisory Council
(Heads of Women's Orges.
Executive Body
Seb-Committees
Categories
43.
HUNTER - Totals
1944
North
January
February
March
No. of Conferences
or meetings
Number in
Attendance
12
15
3,000
Objectives or
Outcomes
Days in
field
Travel Data
No. of
Cities
$ 387,800
18 1/4
7
113.55
1,361,000
18 3/4
10
114.00
1
103.10
14 1/2
6
91.40
25 1/3
8
155.75
12
16
April
May
17
26
June
7
14 3/4
July - August
September
October
November
December
TOTALS
Cost
1,888,000
1
26
5
89
107
317
2,700
3
98.75
8 1/3
1
60.60
25 3/4
3
161.50
16 3/4
2
105.70
4,300
169,535
19 1/4
7
121.65
6,575
316,499
26
3
159.20
16.575
84.122.834
204
51
$1285.20
m.
75
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
of
CHARLES A. NOLBAN
Table 1.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
And Outcomes.
May - June, 1944
Date
Meetings
Attendance
Objective
or
or
Onteons
Activity
MAY
26
MASKINGTON, D. 0.
Reported for duty with Interracial
Section
JUNE
8
Shaw Jr. High School
Conference
13
Shaw Jr. High School
Speaker
1,000
19
Started drive for
Schoole-at-Yar
Flag - 90%
NEW YORK CITY
Nat'1 Negro Publishers' Assn.
Conference
Participation
accured.
18
21-22
Way Bond Rally sponsored by
Negro Freedem Organisation
2,000
BUFFALO, NEW YORK
War Loan Drive
25.
$809,490.25
ROCERSTER. NEW YORK
Preclyterian Church
Speaker
200
NEW YORK
28
Lincola Hes. Housing Project
20
Conference
War Bond Saving
Glub is process
Western New York Patriotic
Session. AND Sion Conference
Speaker
200
TOTALS
8
3.400
$809,480.25
46.
Helena
76
Table 2.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
July, 1944
Attendance
Date
Mestings
or
Antistic
Objective
OF
Onterna
JULY
6
DUREAN, NORTH GAROLINA
ANVS Corps Bend Rally & Show
Speaker
$105,475
1,000
8
GREENSBORO. NORTH CAROLINA
War Finance Committee officials
18
MINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA
Winston Nutual Life Ins. Go.
26-38
Conference
Conference
BALFINORN, MARYLAND
Nat'1 United Ushere' Asan.
Speaker
500
Notion Picture
29
Calif. delegation of Nat'1
C
Var Bond Saving
Club plan adopted
WASHINGTON. D. 0.
United Ushers' Asen.
TOTALS
$ 73,000
Conference
1.500
$179.475
Nelean
48.
77
Table 3.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance.
and Outcomes.
August, 1944
Attendence
Objective
OF
Meetings
Date
Activity
OF
Ontesse
ADDUST
1-8
BALFINORN, MARYLAND
Maryland Business Asen.
Labor Union officiale
Conference
Introduced VBS0
plan.
Payrell Savings &
#
V380 plan
6
Fertilizer Workers of Baltimore
Speaker
.
200
8-31
RICHNONL, VIRGINIA
War Finance Committee officials
Conference
Payroll Savings
Labor Union officials:
Conference
Payroll Savings
Richmond, Newport News, Herfelk,
Buffelk. Freaklin, Deaville,
Pledged increased
purchases & decrease
of redemption
South Boston, Chase City, South Hill,
Petersburg
Faraville, Keyeville, Brookmeal &
Conference
Savings & 1380
kgrashburg
22-33
Introduced Payroll
ROANOKE, VIRGINIA
American Legion Convention
Speaker
500
Negro Mar Finance Consistee officials
Conference
Introduced VBSG
plan
Constuded plans to
spensor a plane for
herees of Renneke
24
HARPINGVILLE, VIRGINIA
Cooperative Paste Factory
26-32
Conference
(1,000 Negro Women likes.)
with director
Joint mooting of labor unions
Conference
Replained 1990 plan
.
#
.
- TOTE
Rechester, Ithmon, Binghanten
Givie organisation heads
Conference
.
Var Finance Semmittee officials
TOTALS
m
700
(can Mar Lean plane
(Discourage Bond
(solemption
NoLeea
78
Table 4.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
And Outcomes.
September, 1944.
Objective
or
or
Outcome
Activity
Meetings
1.5
Attendance
BINGHANTON, SYRAGUSE.
BUFFALO, UTIGA, N.T.
Conferences
MFO officials
6th Var Loan plans
("Bonds for Babies*)
Women's committees
leading citizens
local union officials
7-11
SCHNHBOTADY, SARATOGA SPRINGS,
ALRANY. NEW YORK CITY
Conferences
WFO officials
labor union officials
14-17
GREENSBORO. REIDSVILLE,
Conferences
MADISON. MT. AIRY,
WINSTON-SALEN, N.O.
WFO committees
farmers
Schools al-war
school officials
agrie. representatives
31-23
GRAHAN, DURHAM, BALEIGH,
program
Conferences
Bond sales among tobacco farmers.
6th War Lean plans
PAYSTENVILLE, N.O.
WFO officials. farm
agents. and others
23-27
SILER GITT, HIGH POINT,
Conferences
6th May I plans
NOOKSVILLE, N.O.
School officials
Fellow-up of 1980
KFO officials
MARTINEVILLE, GHATHAM,
HALIFAX, SOUTH BOSTON.
DANVILLE, VA.
WFO officials
farm agents
Schools-at-1 committees
TOTALS
so
Interest of Schoolsat-way program
LEXINGTON. BALISBURY,
CHARLOTTE. STATESVILLE,
28-30
Interest of tobacco
Conferences
6th War Ioan please
Dend sales tobacco
Interest of Schoolsat-var program
w.
McLean
Nezeon
7.9
Table 5. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance
And Outcomes.
October 1944.
Attendance
or
Date
Meetings
Activity
Objective
or
Outcome
OCTOBER
2
GREENSBORO, N.C.
Commissioner of Agric.
Negro farm agent
WFC officials
9-16
Conference
Stimulate sales
among tobacco
#
farmers
#
NEW YORK CITY
WFC officials
Labor leaders:
Loundry Workers
Garment Workers
Bldg. Service Empl.
Hotel & Restaurant
Transport Service
Negro Labor Victory Committee
Conference
Work among
organised
#
labor groups
.
feath War
.
Loan Drive
#
#
#
#
rep. 60 local unions
Dunbar Housing Manager
Elks Lodge program
17-20
21
CLEVELAND, OHIO
WFC officials
Labor leaders
Civic leaders
27-28
Conference
.
Phyllis Wheatley Asan.
19
Reorganised Labor
activities and
6th Var Loan Drive
6th Var Loan plans
Speeker
Bend appeal
Gleveland committee
Organ. Mtg.
chairmen elected
Conference
6th War Loan plans
COLUMBUS, OHIO
WFO officials
Stamp & Bond
Booth
Meeting
CLEVELAND, OHIO
Progressive Das. Men's Club
25-36
Dedication
service
DETROIT. MICH.
CIO locals
25-34
#
48.
McLean
80
Table 6.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed) Attendance,
and Outcomes.
November 1944.
Attendance
Date
Objective
or
OF
Activity
Outcome
Conference
To finance 6th
War Loan publicity
Bethel Baptist Church
Speaker - 700
Committee organ.
School officials
Conference
Inaugurate #Schools
at-Nar® progress to purchase aray
equipment and par-
Meeting
NOVEMBER
14
COLUMBUS, OHIO
WFC officials
Leading citizens
DAYTON. OHIO
5
8-9
and students
ticipate in poster
contest.
West Side Dayton Comm.
10
/
15-21
Conference
Plans for house-tohouse canvass.
CHARLESTON. MONTGOMERY,
BLUEFIELD, W. VIRGINIA
WFO officials and W. Va.
State College Bond Unit
Teachers Assn. officials
Jus. & Prof. Nen's Club
Teacher assembly
Student assembly
Agricultural workers
Conference
program.
.
Speaker
# 500
. - 700
Conference
Farmer participation
WBSO progress.
#
VBSG State Repr.
23-28
Schools-st-Mar
ROAMOKE, RICHNOND,PETERSBURG
SOUTH BOSTON. SOUTH HILL,
DANVILLE. VIRGINIA
WFO officials
State Teachers Conv.
Speaker - 500
6th Var Loan plans
Display MPO acterial
School officials
Conference
Schools-at-May PFGE.
South Hill - farmers
Conference
Sales stimulation
South Boston - farmers
Davville - farmers
29
Conference
Speaker - 200
#
#
- 225
GREENEBORO. N. C.
VFC officials
20
Conference
2,825
6th Var loan plans
Nelean
81
table 7 Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance,
and Outcomes.
December, 1944
Attendance
Meetings
as
or
Activity
Objective
OF
Outerne
SUFFAZO, NEW YORK
KFO Officials
Conference
Plans for "SegreAmerican Day'
Churches (3)
Speaker
Shileh Saptist Church
Rally
$85,000
NEAGARA FALLS, N.Y.
Upstate War Finance Committee
8
10-13
Rally
SUFFAIO, N.Y.
Labor & Proternal officials
Conference
Vomen's division
Speaker
ROCHESTER, N. T.
War Finance Committee officials
Conference
Churches (a)
Speaker
N.Y.
18
Mincela Housing Project
33-50
Meeting
Housevives partiespation - THE
WINSTON-SALEM.
RRIDSVILLE, ROXBORO, N.O.
WFO efficials
Farners' mostings
4-3 Glub lenders
31
To encourage
greater investmeat is Dende
OXFORD, NORTH GAROLINA
4-8 Club annual meeting
TOTALS
Conferences
19
Speaker
-
.
$53,000
50.
80
NeTRAN - Totals
1944
No. of Conferences
or meetings
have nota
Number in
Attendance
Objectives OF
8
3,400
$ 809.480.25
15 1/4
6
$102.05
5
1,500
178,475.00
8 3/4
4
69.30
August
25
700
28 3/4
22
200.69
September
30
25
29
203.11
October
19
25
November
20
Month
May - June
July
2,825
December
53,000.00
19
TOTALS
126
Outcomes
8,425
$ 1,040,955.35
Days in
field
No. of
Cities
Cost
5
164.80
27 1/4
12
201.95
19 1/2
10
149 1/2
as
188.00
$1,076.80
83
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
of
BEEJAMIN F. SELDON
Table 1.- Number and Nature of Neetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance,
and Outcomes.
May - June 1944
Date
Meeting
MAY
25
Attendance
Objective
OF
or
Outcome
Activity
Sworn in
JUNE
1
NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
War Finance Committee
7
9
Nat'1 Beanty Culturists League
Conference
200
Cooperation pledged
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Pageant at Griffith Stadium
10,000
To observe speaker's
technique
13
HILLSIDE. NEW JERSEY
Gooper Alloy Foundry Co.
14
Conference
Explained WBSC plan
NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
Ford Edgewater Plant
19-20
$60,000
EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY
Leading citizens
15-16
Rally
Leading Citizens
3,000
Conference
$334,000
Orged. Boy Seouts;
Beautisians for
July a Rally
a
TOTALS
o
7
18,200
$394,000
n.
ss.
BFSelden
Solden
84
Table 3.- Number and Nature of Neetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance
and Outcomes.
July, 1944
Attendance
OF
Date
Meeting
JULY
2
or
Outcome
NEWARK, N. J.
Baseball Game - Rally Day
8
Activity
Objective
CAMINN. N. J.
War Finance Chairman
15,000
$20,200
Conference
Plans for creating
greater int. in age
Bond buying
12
JERSEY CITY. I.S.
Leading citisens
15-17
Conference
park for rally
GANDEN. N. J. and EAST ORANGE
Subcommittee meeting
Conference
Mt. Olive Baptist Church officials Conference
19
25
so
Studied Mar Bond problon of Daddy Grace,
and Rally
$875
LAWSSIDE, N. J.
Leading citizens
Conference
Planned parade and outdoor meeting
Bond Drive - Baseball Park
550
$8,025
Conference
8780
18,580
$20,880
PLAINFIELD, N. J.
Mt. Olive Baptist Church
TOTALS
To secure Reesevelt
8
33.
BFSeldon
seldon
85
(1
Table 3.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
and Outcomes.
August, 1944
Attendance
or
Meeting
Date
Activity
Objective
or
Outcome
AUGUST
5
9
Post of duty transferred to Newark, N. J.
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
259th Convention of Labor
Conference
Made contacts with
Labor leaders
Conference
Plans for Bond Rally
Movement
16
ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.
War Finance Committee
in Atlantic City
19
Leading citizens
Conference
=
22
Pledged to support
program. Aim to purchase $80,000 Pursuit
Aereplane.
FT. DIX, N.J.
Chief of Public Relations
Conference
(Major Geo. Paul)
Pledged cooperation.
Promised a tanks
speakers, wounded
soldiers etc., for
Atl. City parade.
26-29
ATLANTIC CITY. N. J.
War Finance Committees
Church groups
Mr. Gain & his citizens committee at Am. Legion hdqtrs.
31
TOTALS
Frontiers of America (Luncheon)
8
Conference
Future arrangements
for A01. City rully
Speaker
Pledged aid in Bond
selling
54.
Seldon
solden
Table 4. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
And Outcomes.
September 1944.
Date
Meetings
Attendance
Objective
Activity
Outgome
or
SEPTROLER
7-14
16
ATLANTIC CITY, NEW JERSEY
VFC members
BOSTON, MASS.
MFO members
Labor groups
20-23
24
25
26
27-30
Drive
Conference
Arranged
programs
Conference
Arranged
meetings
#
Labor leaders
Contacts
Meeting St. Mark's Church
Speaker - 250
United War Mothers
of America
Speaker - 100
Labor leaders
Conference
Little Fellows Bank
Speaker - 100
Progressive Credit Union
WOOP Radio Broadcast
TOTAL
Pleas for
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Washington staff
18-19
Conference
11
Conference
a
VBSG plan
adopted
#
Arranged
meeting
$6,000
Speaker - 300
750
$6.000
86
so.
solden 87
Soldon
Table 5. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance
And Outcomes.
October 1944
Attendance
or
Date
Meetings
Objective
or
Activity
OCTOBER
BOSTON, MASS
Newspaper editors
Conference
News statement
Urban League staff
South End House staff
Progressive Credit Union
Conference
Stimulate
Porters Union
Business Club
interest
in the
a
.
Var Bond
.
.
Labor officials
.
.
YWGA workers
TOTAL
o
issued
progres
Solden ss.
88
Table 6. - Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed). Attendance
And Outcomes.
November 1944
Attendance
Date
Meetings
or
Activity
Objective
OF
Outcome
NOVEMBER
N. J.
Ford Plant employees
3,270
$323,000
BOSTON, MASS.
Mimisterial Alliance
NEWARK, N.J.
Department heads
Conference
Sales stimulation
Conference
#
KFC officials
#
City committees
#
Leading citizens
Plans for
county-vide
drive.
#
GANDEN, N. 3.
Armstrong Corporation
Ruberoid Company
Hinnekein & Bailey Co.
Speaker
-365
Speaker
-270
Speaker
- 97
$18,000
$ 6,000
# 7,800
LANESIDE, N.J.
School officials
Leading citizens
Mayer Pelk
Postmaster
TOTALS
is
Conference
.
#
Formed
War Bond
Committee
.
4.002
$385.800
Seldon
-57
89
Table 7.- Number and Nature of Meetings Attended (or Addressed), Attendance
And Outcomes.
December 1944.
Date
DECEMBER
1-4
Attendance
Meetings
Antivity
Out85me
NEWARK, N. J.
VFO officials
Ministerial Allience
Conference
School principal
To spur ag" Bond buying.
#
Social workers
5.
objective
#
Conference
$1,309.20
Bends & Stamps
MONTGLAIR, N. J.
Leading citizens
Conference
Plans for door-todoor canvase.
6.
NEWARK, N.J.
newspaper offices
ministers
7 -12.
Conference
NORRISTOWN, ATLANTIC CITY,
CANDER, NEWARK. N.J.
WFC officials
War Bond leaders
Conference
Re War Bond
publicity
#
Civic leaders
18-16
For
cooperation
#
material
#
ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.
Leading citizens
School officials
Conference
Bond
stimulation
#
LAWNSIDE. N. J.
Bond Rally & Show
17.
500
$8,000
MONTGLAIR. N. J.
First Methodist Church
Bond appeal
- 380
NEWARK, I. S.
21-30.
31.
Ketropolitan Dept. Church
Leading eitisens and
county leaders
.
egu Bond
stimulation
PLATEFIELD, N. J.
Methodist Church
TOTALS
Speaker - 2700
Contacts
13
Speaker
4,002
To sustain
Var Bond interest
$353,500
se
SELBON - Totals
1944
Month
May - June
July
August
September
October
November
December
TOTALS
No. of Conferences
at mastings
7
8
Number in
Attendance
Objectives or
GATA
17
72
No. of
Ritter
fast
$ 394,000
26 1/4
5
$160.75
15,550
29,850
27 3/4
7
182.35
10 1/2
4
76.85
16 1/4
3
107.80
29 3/4
1
186.30
16 1/2
4
119.90
7
8
57.70
134
32
$899.65
750
6,000
8
13
Trazel Data
13,200
8
11
Days in
4,002
353,500
3,550
9,309
37,052
$793,659
NATIONAL STAFF - GRAND TOTALS - 1944
Objectives
(Out-ef-town)
Attendence
101
98,810
$ 2,738,125
181 1/3
65
$1,379.43
86
106,450
399,793
36 3/4
22
244.69
317
16,575
4,122,834
and Meetings
p.19
Pickens
Allen
p.28
(part-time)
Funter
Travel
or
Outcomes
Conferences
Employee
Days in
No. of
Cities
p.42
field
204
visited al
51
Cost N
1,285.20
p.00
Nolean
(June-Dec.)
8,425
126
1,040,955
P.OO
Selden
72
37,052
702
262,312
792,659
149 1/2
88
1,075.80
134
32
898.65
(June-Dec.)
Grand Totals
$ 9,094,366
1/
See also War Bond Sales, p.61.
a/
Several cities were visited many times.
3/
Per dien and other expenses, exclusive of salary
and railroad fares.
TOS 3/4
258
$4,783.47
W
92
CURTIS A. CROCKER
Promotion Specialist, WFC
Virginia
The War Finance set- was established in Virginia in the
Spring of 1943 - soon after Pearl Marbor. However, the
Interracial Section was not set in action until the Fall
of 1942. In October of that year Mr. Ourtis A. Grocker,
a former High School Principal who was Field Secretary
of the Negro Organisation Society of Virginia, Inc.,
was appointed Deupty Administrator of War Finance in
Virginia, His job was one of education and promotion.
At that time there were thousands of people in Virginia as in other states - who did not realise the seriousness
of the var. They had not been told the importance OF the
necessity of investing every extra dime and dollar in War
Bonds. Having traveled the state in his previous position,
Mr. Crocker know Virginia pretty well. His first task was
to set up a War Finance Committee in every city and county
in the State. Then through Conferences, visitations and
material, committee members were not only sold on the idea
themselves but were equipped and prepared to sell the idea
to others. The committees were picked with care so as to
include people from every section of a city or county as
the case may be, as well as to include every occupation.
Committees are not permitted to lose interest OF lag in
their important work. They are constantly supplied with
the latest materials and other types of information se
as to keep the progres constantly before the public.
The various committees have worked effectively is every
Var Loan Drive. They have played a large part in helping
their respective cities and counties make their monthly
quotas. The exact figures in dollars and cents are of
course difficult to determine, as the results of the committees' work are included in the over-all picture.
was
93
ISATAH P. POGUE, JR.
Deputy Manager, V.F.C.
Upstate, New York
In February 1944 a full-time interracial worker was appointed to the Yes
Fissace Committee, in Upstate New York, an area comprising fifty-four
counties and six Federal Reserve Districts. As a basis of organisation.
11 was decided to concentrate in communities with a Negro population of
300 or more, for the purpose of integrating them fully into the War F1sense program. No quotae are allocated but the elegan of "Complete Gever-
age and Extra Bonds" is used. It is estimated that at least three-fourths
of the Negro population work in industry OF en jobs with payrell savings.
Velunteer workers are recruited with representation on the central committens. Both the Negro and white communities have accepted the program
wholeheartedly.
with the assistance of national staff members, working complitees or
groups are located in the fellowing cities, all of which were active in
the Sixth War Loans
Auburn
Niagara Falls
Diagnostes
Rochester
Schenectady
Buffalo
Ithesa
Syraouse
Utica
Suffalo is the focal point of this work due to the large Negro population. approximately 30,000 - more than the combined number of the rest
of the area. The program is unique in that a day is set apart during the
war loans for American Negroes. All sales from all issuing agencies are
credited to that day. The Negro volunteer workers make their reports at
a was rally as which there have been such prominent Americans est Brigndier General 3. 0. Davis, Dr. Marshall Shepard, Dr. William Pickons and
others. Another feature of the day is a civic luncheon sponsored by the
Nayor and County Chairman as a tribute to the Negro industrial workers
who are doing such a significent job in making 11 possible for Juffale to
meet its trentadously heavy schedules for Auntry and Heary production. More-
over, the program has definite rase relations objectives.
Future plans include the completion of the organizational work in the
few remaining office where the program one be of value, to the end that
the entire upstate area can have an active, functioning War Pineace organination.
80-0
94
HARMY SINNS
Promotion Specialist, WFO
Alabama
A complete report on Var Send sales among Negroes
in all counties is not at present available. This
partial report gives a cross-section of Negro partisipation in the State during the 5th War Loan
Drive and furnishes a basis for calculating the
results in general being obtained throughout the
Negro Division.
Amount of Sales $2,323,638.
60-3
15
C. C. SPAULDING
Associate Administrator, WFC
North Carolina
As Associate Administrator for the War Finance Division for the State of North Carolina, it has been my privilegs
to make several talks in different parts of North Carolina, as
vell as in other states, in the interest of War Loan Campaigne
Aside from speaking in eight different towns and communities of
the State during the year, wide distribution for posters and War
Loan literature has been made.
In my various contacts, efforts have been made to
awaken Negroes of the State to the fact that it is a privilege
as well as their patriotic duty, to actively support the War
Loan Caspaigns. That efforts along this line have met with an
encouraging measure of support, is evidenced by the fact that
Negro drives throughout the State have not only received excele
lent support, but in many instances quotas assigned have been
oversubscribed.
It has been my purpose to devote as much time to War
Loan activities as other duties would permit. Results, I feel,
have been encouraging, and will continue # react favorably as
the American public becomes more fully awakened to the obligation they owe their Government.
The following represents copy of a letter I received
as a result of a recent visit to one of our North Carolina comaunities:
"I have heard more good comments from both white and colored
about the type of meeting that we had last Sunday. You cannot imagine just how it has helped in relations between the
white and colored.
"For myself, I appreciate you and Mr. Wheeler taking the
time to come down and make an address to the people of our
county. I do not know of a man that has done so such for
his people as you have done. I say this with the deepest
respect and admiration for what you have done.
"Today we received a large new deposit from a Negro and
have sold today about $1,000.00 in War Bonds to Negroes.
One was a woman that had been carrying $300.00 in cash in
her pocket-book and Game in to buy bonds with it. She
told me that she had been at the meeting Sunday."
N.D. - The North Carolina Nutual Life Insurance Co., of which 0. 0. Spaulding is
President, has purchased $4,575,400 in War Bonds during the year. of this amount
$2,000,000 was purchased during the 6thWar Loan Drive.
80.3
36
0. 0. W. TAYLOR
State Goordinator, V.F.C.
Louisiana
We are pleased to report that in Louisiana the Negro division has been quite active. While we have not succeeded in having a
recognised Negro division in every parish to function fully and to
touch every Negro in the State, we have succeeded in a small way. Our
State Administrator has cooperated with us in trying to get these organisations perfected, but we have not received the support of the parish chairmen and 18 was left up to then to decide whether OF not they
wanted Negro participation in the loan drives.
We have about ten Negro parish organizations out of sixty-
four parishes in the State.
In all of the parishes where we have been able to effect
Negro organisations we have done well. In New Orleans we were able to
sell in the Fourth War Loan Drive a total of $583,530.78. In the Fifth
Drive we sold $858,022.00 and in the Sixth Drive we have passed the
million dollar mark.
Total Bond sales for the year - $2,421,552.00.
60-F
97
JESSE O. THOMAS
Consultant
Washington, D. C.
Washington, D. 0. - June 9, 1944 - Our Section is
greatly benefited by the invaluable aid which it receives
from its consultants, not only in their capacity as advisers
but also as platform speakers and orators. Such is the case
of Jesse O. Thomas, Consultant (and Assistant to the Administrator of the American Red Gross.)
One occasion on which he served us this year was his
address to a gathering of 10,000 at Griffith Stadium urging
support of the Treasury's 5th War Loan Campaign. He told the
audience that the relationship of civilians at home to our soldiers on the fighting fronts is comparable with that of two
parties to a contract.
"Our soldiers have agreed to fight for and
preserve the institutions and the principles
which we have learned to cherish," said Mr.
Thomas. #It is now up to us to live up to
our part of the agreement to provide them with
the necessary sinews which will enable them to
wage a successful war so we'll keep lending
over here till it's over Over There."
The address by Mr. Thomas served to keynote the pageant, "America Testerday and Today," which was staged at the
stadium by the Order of the Eastern Star.
(Treasury Release N-1013)
60-0
98
MAJOR C. UDELL TURPIN
Deputy Manager, WFC
Illinois
In our Illinois organization, the work among colored citizens is
directed from the office of the War Finance Chairman at Chicago, where
I serve as Deputy Manager.
The organization is integrated into all programs of the War Finance
Committees which are located in all cities outside of Chicago. These
cities are divided into several regions, in which we have a Negro
representative. On our own Chicago staff, we have a Payroll Savings
representative as well as two additional representatives who assist
me during the Drive periods.
In order to obtain the best possible results, we have an Executive
Committee consisting of 30 prominent white and colored citizens, and
15 subcommittees with an active membership of from 20-300 citizens.
These committees are: Churches, Corporations, Fraternal Organizations,
Government Agencies, OCD, Payroll Savings, Publicity, Real Estate and
Savings & Loan, Sales Outlets, Savings Clube, Schools, Speakers Bureau,
Social Agencies, Unions, and Women's Committee.
Special stress should be placed upon the committee sponsored by the
South Central Community of Chicago, whose continuous production in
each Drive shows sales between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 alone.
During the 6th War Loan Drive the amount raised here was $8,895,826.60.
In all communities where Negroes reside in the city of Chicago and Cook
County, the program is organized to fully integrate them into the overall community plan as set up by the Community Chairman. This makes it
practically impossible to give a definite figure showing the amount of
War Bonds sold among Negro citizens of the State.
In the Down State areas, the work is divided into seven regions consisting of 52 cities having Negro populations in excess of 300 people. In
each we direct the activities of the Negro War Finance Committees, integrating such work directly into the affairs of the County War Finance
Committee in which the particular city is located.
In order to get the greatest result out of the Statewide promotion,
this Division has secured a trained Negro regional chairman who assists
in the direction of activities among the Negro citisens.
In conclusion, we believe that in addition to selling War Bonds, the
activities of this Division have been instrumental in making America a
better place to live in, for through War Bond activities, white and
colored people have learned to work together for the benefit of America,
and as a result thereof have found in their association a mutual respect
for each other.
60-E
99
JOSEPH B. WALKER
Consulting Expert, MFC
Tennessee
Dr. Joseph B. Walker, National Chairman of the War Bond Saving Clube Organising
Committee, sends in the following report for the year. The report, however, is
by no means complete:
WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS
as of December 1944
Total
State of
Total Amount of Bonds
Member of
Nember
Misha
ship
Bonds Deposited
1362
$ 57,575.00
34
1,925.00
76
350.00
Louisdana
19
Maryland
1
Michigan
Mississippi
Total
8
190
Missouri
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Totals
7153
775.00
1,657,200.00
361,967.75
30
Bonds Recorded
34,329.00
100
21,250.00
12
397
78,700.90
80,730.65
265
9021
$2,178,968.45
$116,834.65
5
Grand Total (Naturity value of Bends)
$3,294,803.80
Twenty-nine State Representatives, who serve on a volunteer basis, were
appointed on the Var Bond Saving Glubs Organising Committee during the year.
See also pp.76-78
0
61.
100
WAR BOND SALES
(and Payroll Savings)
No attempt is made in this report to determine the exact
amount of War Bonds sold through the efforts of this office.
Treasury experts claim that 37,000,000 employees buy Way
Bonds regularly through the Payroll Savings Plan. Recent Census
reports show that there are appreximately 54,000,000 civilians
employed during this var emergency, including 5,500,000 Negroes slightly more than one tenth - although leading Negro business
experts claim that the number of Negroes now employed is nearer
8,000,000. (While the Negro constitutes 10% of the total U. S.
population, it is estimated that he is 14 2/4% of the total
working force of the country.) To be conservative, we assume
therefore that if at least one tenth of the total civilians
employed are Negroes. then at least one teath of the total
Payroll Savings participants are Negrees - OF 2,700,000.
On this basis 2,700,000 Negro purchasers of $25 War
Bonds (or the equivalent) would equal $67,500,000 per month,
OF $810,000,000 per year, to say nothing of the extra bonds
purchased during drives. This does not take into account the
other hundreds of millions invested in War Bonds by those in
our armed services and by non-financial business concerns and
other individuals, which would undoubtedly raise Negro participation well above ONE BILLION DOLLARS per year.
The above estimate is, even so, an understatement of the
contribution by Negro Americans: it is based solely on the payroll
allotments. and on a minimised share at that. The Interracial
Section is by no means the sole agency that has influenced this
outcome, however, for all types of Negro organisations have
cooperated - religious, fraternal, business, etc.. but this
Section has been the central agency, which by stimulation and
morale-building has influenced Negro activity in the entire
country.
A cross-section of sales to Negro Americans throughout
the Nation is given in the pages which follow.
101
1944
THE FOLLOWING IS A CROSS-SECTION
OF ITEMS ABSTRACTED FROM NEWSPAPER
STORIES, PRESS RELEASES
AND OTHER SOURCES
as.
102
I. ARMED FORCES
Forward Area, South Pacific - The total monthly payroll for the 24th
Infantry is approximately $13,800 of which, the last report shows,
$1,139.50 goes for insurance, $4,208 in allotments, and $1,701.25 in
War Bonds, (Jnl. & Guide, 2/11/44).
"For two consecutive Christmases we've bought the most seals: for all
the War Bond rallies we've been far ahead and some of the white boys
haven't been able to close their mouths since they saw one of our men
purchase $3,000 worth of Bonds at one time." (Excerpt of "letter from
a soldier friend"- Pittsburgh Courier, 5/6/44).
Camp Rucker, Ala.- Pay-day was War Bond day for Camp Rucker's colored
troops, who invested more than $5,000 in War Bonds and Stamps. The
mass purchase of Bonds and Stamps was made by the soldiers of Station
Complement Supply Detachment No. 2 and men of four quartermaster ser-
vice companies. The investments totaled $5,399.60.
(Jnl. & Guide, 2/19/44).
Washington, D. C.- Major George Spencer Roberts, commander of the
famous 99th Pursuit Squadron. visited the Monument Grounds to take
The
in the Army Air Forces War Bond Show, "Shot from the Sky.
99th Pursuit Squadron celebrated the downing of 12 Fockswelfs over
the in Italy by buying $12,000 worth of
War Bonds during the 4th War Loan. "Everybody kicked in," said
Major Roberts, "even those who were already making heavy allotments from their salaries for War Bonds." (Treas. Release).
Lonnie Simmons' orchestra entertained the Negro regiments at the
U.S. Naval Training Station, Great Lakes, Ill. For a year prior
to his induction. Simmons' quartet played from the stage of the
Garrick Lounge in Chicago. During this time the band took part
in numerous bond rallies and was cited by the Treasury Department
for the part it played in a program which netted $100,000 in War
Bonds at the Aragon Ballroom. (OWI N-895).
Washington. D.C.- Sergt. Herschel Ward, of Bolling Field, speaking over Radio Station WWDC last night in behalf of the drive by
the Honorettes, Negro Government-girl organisation. to finance the
purchase of bomb lifts and bomb service trucks, was credited by
officials of the drive with inspiring more than $2,500 worth of
bond sales. (Times-Hereld, 10/4/44).
Field, Calif.- War Bond Champ of the provisional train-
ing group of the Sacramento Air Service Command is S/Sgt. Ernest
Lankford of Dallas, Texas, who purchased 10 Mar Bonds during the
month of August. After the var he plans to return to his old
position as a refrigeration engineer with the General Motors or
go into business for himself after his Bonds nature.
(Informer, Houston, Tex., 9/30/44)
66.
103
11. ACHORS, ARTISTS, ENTERTAINERS
Lonnie Simmons' orchestra entertained the Negro regiments at the
U. s. Naval Training Station, Great Lakes, Ill. For a year prior
to his induction, Simmons' quartet played from the stage of the
Carrick Lounge in Chicago. During this time the band took part
in numerous bond rallies and was cited by the Treasury Department
for the part it played in a program which netted $100,000 in War
Bonds at the Aragon Ballroom. (OWI N-895)
New York, N. Y.- Murial Jahn, star of "Carmen Jones" purchases
$1,000 Bond "SO help put over Harlen's quota" in the Fourth War
Loan Drive. (Chicago Defender. 2/26/44)
At the special request of Secretary of Treasury Henry Morgenthan,
Gab Calloway has composed the first war bond song in give, titled
"Backin' - Back." Combining jive-talk lyrics with a contagious
melody, "Backin' 'en Back" urges bondholders to "stache your bonds
away" which means "hide your bonds for safekeeping."
(Wash. Tribune 5/13/44)
New York City - "This is the week when we all should take a deep
bow to a couple of Negro kids named Jack and Montgomery. They
are the two who drew better than $35,000,000 in War Bonds at the
Madison Square Garden gate and drew nothing but blood from each
other. They didn't get a dime for their services. "If the
Treasury is smart it will try to duplicate last week's show a
thousandfold. Somehow, the Stars and Stripes and what we're
fighting for runs in a solid pattern right through the whole
thing. The Jow (Mike Jacobs) will put it on. The Irish (the
managers) will say "Yes." The fighters (mostly Negro) will wait
for the ball. And all of them will come out swinging. And together. Isn't that the whole idea?" Joe Carmiskey.
(Washington Post, 8/5/44).
Dake Ellington, during his stay in Chicago, played several War
Bond shows for the Treasury Department. (Washington Tribune).
Pittsburgh, Pa.- Todd Dunoan, Washington baritone, thrilled 12,000
persons as guestiartist with the Philadelphia Orchestra, Convention
Hall, OR a program to aid the 6th War Loan Drive, which netted more
than $1,500,000. Duncan was called upon to substitute for Derethy
Mayner, who was namble to appear because of illness. (Afre-American,
12/23/44)
Los Angeles, Calif.- "The Festive Overture," a new work by William
Grant Still, won for him a $1000 War Bond in nationwide competition.
(Afro, 12/30/44).
65.
104
III. BUSINESS
Ft. Jackson. S. C. - In launching the 5th War Loan Drive within the
Post Laundries at Fort Jackson recently, the Post Laundry Officer
called together the 780 employees of the two laundries, the bulk
of whom are Negro unclassified workers, and asked their cooperation in backing the invasion, setting forth many good reasons for
buying bonds. Total subscription ran to $10,600.
(Palmetto Leader, 6/24/44).
Philadelphia, Pa.- Major R. R. Wright, Sr., President of the Citisens and Southern Bank & Trust Company, announced last week that
since the Japanese "sneak" attack on Pearl Harbor, the bank has
purchased a total of $1,500,000 worth of War Bonds and has sold
through its private channels more than $100,000 worth of Bonds
to depositors and Negro and white citisens throughout the city.
(Norfolk Jnl. & Guide, 3/11/44).
Washington, D. C. - The Industrial Savings Bank of Washington has
sold more than $2,000,000 in War Bonds prior to the 6th War Loan Drive.
(Treasury Release, 11/28/44).
K
66.
105
IV. CHILDREN
Washington, D. c. - A total of $2,059.90 was raised in the Bond Sale
effort of the pupils Visiting Teacher Corps when they dedicated an
Army Ambulance in the Freedmen's Hospital Annex Auditorium June 21.
(Washington Tribune 7/1/44).
Washington, D.C. - Gloria Brown, 15. a messenger in the Midcity Area,
Air Raid Warden Service, sold $106,250 in War Bonds to lead the messengers all over the city during the 4th War Loan. (Washington Tribune,
7/8/44).
Juanita N: Waddell, Pittsburgh, Pa., 17 months old, bought two of the
first bonds sold in the 5th War Loan Drive. She purchased them in honor
of her father, Sgt. W. E. Waddell, who is stationed in Hawaii.
(Pittsburgh Courier, 6/24/44).
Washington, D. C. - Newspaper boys of the Afre-American papers have
seld 6,708,221 War Stamps of the tea sent denomination, totaling
$670,822.10. in the 140 weeks which they have devoted to this task,
is
67.
106
V. COMMUNITY
Norfolk, Va.- Leaders of the colored War Bond Committee highly commended the
cooperative efforts on behalf of workers and purchasers. More than $120,000
in War Bonds were sold, $20,000 above the goal. (Jnl. & Guide, 2/26/44).
Marshall, Texas.- The Negro division of the Harrison County War Finance Com-
mittee recently exceeded its goal of $125,000 by $25,000. with reports incomplete. (Chicago Defender, 2/36/44).
New Orleans, La.- Bonds and Stamps amounting to $558,530.78 were purchased
through the Negro division, 4th War Loan Drive. (Chicago Defender, 3/11/44).
Columbia, S. C. - Richmond County in a last ditch went over the top before
the deadline was reached. Total sales of War Bonds amounted to $6,850,000,
with the quota set at $6,703,800. Reports still coming in.
(Palmetto Leader, 2/19/44).
Baltimore, Md.- The final tabulation of the War Bond Drive for the Negro
Participation Division yielded $102,075 in Bonds, while the Women's Division
sold $13,384 in Bonds and $1,353.10 in Stamps. (7/14/44).
Chicago, Ill.- More than a million dollars in War Bonds were sold at a dinner
sponsored by the South Central Assn. of Chicago, at the LaSalle Hotel, according to a report from the Illinois WFC to the Treasury Department. Admission
to the dinner was a bond of $1,000 denomination or more. Bond sales at the
dinner totaled $1,046,037.50. with E Bonds accounting for 60% of the total.
(OWI N-1034).
Marion County, Indiana.- Inasmuch as our drive in Marion County was made at
the place of employment, it is impossible to know the exact amount of bonds
that were bought by the colored people. At the conclusion of the drive the
colored committee reported a total of $49,192. (4/11/44).
Buffalo, N.Y.- "American Negro Day" goes over in big way. Parade and rally
terminate successful drive among Negro citizens of Buffalo. Total War Bond
sales $809,480.25. (Buffalo Star 6/23/44).
Birmingham, Ala.- Negro citisens here gave a turkey dinner which netted War
Bond sales in the amount of $112,250. (Chicago Bee, 12/17/44).
Chicago, Illinois - At a dinner given in the Morrison Hotel 375 guests vied
with each other in bidding for precious cigarets and equally precious Scotch
whiskey. The surprise of the evening came when pre-war golf shoes took precedence over popular brands of the almost non-existent cigarets. A pair was
auctioned off to an eager bidder for $25,000 worth of Bonds.
107
VI. FRATERNAL
Washington, D.C.- A total of: of War Bonds were sold
during a Bond Sales Rally on Washington's birthday by the Independ-
ent Order of St. Lukes. - Washington Tribuna, 3/4/44). Total pur-
chases to date $85,000.
Chicago, III.- War Bonds sold at Elks' Convention. August 19-21,1944,
$52,975. (8/30/44).
Selma, Ala.- "The National Baptist Convention as an organization holds
in separate units more than $10,000,000 worth of War Bonds and Stamps."
(Section files 8/29/44 - DVJemison)
1.
w.
108
VII. INDIVIDUALS
Louisiana- A 7-year-old colored boy, Charles Edward Brown, lugged
a melasses bucket literally filled with money to the County Chair-
man and asked to buy a $25 War Bond. After laboriously counting
the money. the chairman, Wirt Garpenter, found that Brown, a farm
boy, had saved 665 pennies and $12.10 in nickels and dines. He got
the bond. (N.O. Informer 3/4/44)
Denver, Cole.- In an all-out effort for the War Bond drive, Pvt.
Cleveland Green, a patient in the Fitssimmons General Hospital, recently purchased $5000 worth of War Bonds. (Chicago Defender 3/11/44)
San Bernardino, Calif.- Henry Taylor, 70-year-old civilian worker
at the Army Air Field, walked into the office of Maj. Herman Wieland
and purchased a $1000 War Bond. Asked why he bought a $1000 Bond,
he replied: "Well, sir, I love my country. I can't go out and fight
for it, but if money will help to keep it free, that's where it will
go." (Journal & Guide, 5/13/44)
F ort Dix, N.J.- Pvt. Mary E. Mason, Chicago, thought she wasn't doing
enough for her country, so when the 5th War Loan Drive opened at Fort
Dix, she went into Wrightstown, N. J. and received pledges for $2,400
in War Bonds. Pvt. Mason, who says she has no special technique for
selling bonds, has purchased over $16,000 worth of bonds and has an
Army Class B allotment for a $25 War Bond each month. (Pittsburgh
Courier 6/24/44)
Atlanta, Ga.- Mrs. Minnie Lee King purchased a $1000 Bond to help her
son, a sailor, at San Francisco and all others that are in the service
"on to victory." (Atlanta Daily World 4/7/44)
Milwaukee, Wise.- Price Collins, well-known citisen and veteran railread man, has earned the distinction of being the first purchaser of
a War Bond here. Following the opening of the 4th War Loan Drive he
bought a $1000 bond, thus duplicating his performance when the third
drive started last fall. Says Collins: "May we all back the attack
with all our strength, night and power, may the United Nations win
the war this year, and may Almighty God who holds the destiny of mm,
direct and guide the minds of those the shall sit in the valley of docision around the peace table."
New York, N.Y.- Mrs. Mattie W. Stewart, a waitress in the officers'
dining FOOM of the Bevery Savings Bank, opened the 4th Var Loan bond sales
to banks with a sale of a quarter million dollars worth of bonds. Mrs.
Stewart said to the officers of the bank that her son, Richard, was an
army sergeant and for his sake she was working hard to promote bond
sales.
TO.
109
VII. INDIVIDUALS
Camp Swift, Texas - Sterling Williams of Smithville, Texas, has
purchased over $1,900 worth of War Bonds since the beginning of this
employment period at the camp. A civilian worker in one of the warehouses, he also helped to build the camp, and now helps to maintain
it as well as the war effort with his bond buying, averaging a bond
a month. (Journal & Guide 4/15/44)
Mary Williams, a Negro war worker in Chicago, planked down $2,000
at a War Bond sales window the other day and told the salesmant "Don't
bother about the change. Just give me bonds." Miss Williams was
awarded $3,201 by the Illinois Industrial Commission for the loss of
a hand while saving the life of another woman worker.in a war plant
accident. She deposited $1,100 toward the purchase of a house and
then went to get her bonds. (OWI N-1022)
Los Angeles, Calif.- An elderly colored widow bought over $15,000 in
War Bonds. She has no sons and daughters to fight or to join the
armed services, but she sold her home and used the entire proceeds in
purchasing War Bonds. ("She is a great American and loves her country.
She has been all over the world three times) in her declining days
spent here she site and tells of her travels.")
Washington, D.C.- "Victory Bowls" have been placed in the lobbies
of the Lincoln, Howard and Republic Theatres. Patrons in any of
these theatres purchasing bonds will be allowed chances to go into
the victory bowl equal to the units of $25 in Bonds they buy.
$100 prise Bonds were donated by local business concerns.
Milwaukee, Wis.- Price Collins, 55, Negro janitor. officially
opened the 6th War Loan in Milwaukee by purchasing the first
Bond sold at campaign headquarters - a $1000 Bond. Collins is
proud of his record of having bought the first bond in the last
four campaigns. He bought his first bond soon after Pearl Barbor.
When he arrived at headquarters, Collins brought along a sheaf of
bonds - 63 of them aggregating $12,000 - just to prove to Var Bond
officials that "I'm not only buying 'en, but I'm hanging onto them.
Rock Island, Ill.- A veteran of World War I, Florida Anderson, is
putting 80 percent of his income into War Bonds. When the 6th Var
Loan campaign opened on November 20, Anderson went to his bank and
planked down his money for the purchase of three $1,000 Bends.
#It takes money to run a war," Anderson said, "The way we're
doing things today convinces me that it is requiring more ammuni-
tion and supplies than ever before. I want to do my bit."
(Treasury Release oc)
71.
3
INDIVIDUALS
VII.
Washington, D.C., Dec. 12, 1944 - During the 6th War Loan Drive
Finley Wilson, Grand Exalted Huler of the Elks, bought $10,000
worth of War Bonds and says "I will probably buy more before the
drive is over. #
J.
Baton Rouge, La. - Though confined to bed for more than a year,
Pompey Squires, 80, retired farmer and grocer. signed on the dotted
line twice at $10,000 each time in War Bonds. "I am merely sick in
bed," he said, "but our fighting men are worse off than I and certainly not as safe."
Squires sold his farm to Standard 011 of Louisiana to erect
upon it the largest oil refinery in the world. (Section files,
8/9/44 - OCWTaylor).
73.
VIII. INSURANCE
Representatives of the Treasury's War Finance Division were tendered two checks for $200,000 each, covering purchases of War
Bonds by the Atlanta Life Insurance Company of Atlanta, Ga., and
the Universal Life Insurance Company, of Nashville, Tenn.
(Pittsburgh Courier, 2/12/44)
North Carolina Mutual has been a heavy purchaser of War Bonds in
every campaign staged by the Treasury Department. In the first
campaign the company purchased $100,000; second, $235,000; third,
$300,000; fourth, $500,000; fifth $500,000 Amount of Bonds
purchased during 1944 - $1,134,100, with total holdings in Government Bonds to date of $2,920,400 (par value).
(Palmetto Leader, 7/1/44).
The following insurance companies have invested a minimum of one
million dollars in War Bonds: Supreme Camp. American Woodmen,
$1,200,172.51; North Carolina Mutual $2,575,400; Atlanta Life
$2,862,500.
Insurance companies holding a minimum of $500,000: Universal Life
$700,000; Supreme Liberty Life $605,000; Metropolitan Funeral Association $541,729; Domestic Life and Accident $517,600.
Washington, D.C.(July 1944.) Negro banks and insurance companies
have invested upwards of $20,000,000 in War Bonds since the fall
of 1941. (OWI N-1053)
75.
112
IX. PROJECTS
Washington, D.C.-Students at Randall Junior High School, have subscribed $2,000
of a self-made quota of $4,000 which they hope will be their contribution to the
$2,000,000 bond drive being staged by the National Council of Negro Women to defray
the cost of the SS Harriet Tubman, the first Liberty Ship to be named after a dis-
tinguished Negro woman. The SS Harriet Tubman was launched in South Portland,
Maine, on June 3. (Wash. Tribune, 7/1/44).
Washington, D.C.- Surpassing their $2,000,000 goal by $1,452,000 the National
Council of Negro Women announced last week that the SS Harriet Tubman has been
liberated. A total of $3,452,361.75 Bond purchases were credited to the drive.
The National Negro Insurance Association subscribed to $1,000,000 of this amount;
North Carolina Mutual Insurance Co. purchased $500,000, etc. (Afro 9/9/44).
Chicago, Ill.- Victory Ten and War Bond party presented by the Women's Army for
National Defense assisted in financing the building of a $2,000,000 Liberty
Ship in honor of the late Robert S. Abbot, editor and founder of the Chicago
Defender.
Washington, D.C.- The Treasury Department sent a letter of Thanks to Bishop
R. R. Wright, Jr., of the African Methodist Eciscopal Church, on the outstanding
success of a patriotic mass meeting and bond rally in Memphis, Tenn., under the
auspices of the Fraternal Council of Negro Churches of America. (Pittsburgh
Courier, 2/12/44)
Prince Anne, Md.- The Princess Anne Training School, with 63 students in the
armed services, out their War Bond and Stamp Drive over the top in their effort
to raise $1,200 for the purchase of an Army jeep. (Jnl. & Guide, 3.11,44)
Philadelphia, Pa.- Several Negro groups in Philadelphia worked in cooperation
with the Philadelphia War Finance Committee in selling $275,000 in War Bonds
to finance the cost of a $125,000 ambulance plane, and two $75,000 Thunderbolt
fighter-bnmers, according to a report to the Treasury Department. (Palmetto
Leader, 7/15/44).
New York, N.Y.- An outdoor War Bond show was held at Lewisholm Stadium July 4,
It was sponsored by the Harlem-Riverside War Finance Committee, with a goal of
$2,000,000 in War Bond sales to defray the cost of the fourteenth Liberty Ship
to be named in honor of a Negro (Bert Williams). (Afro, 7/8/44)
Washington, D.C.- The Army was presented with a brand new field ambulance,
the gift of 76 Negro children who had to receive their school instruction at
home or in district hospitals because of physical handicaps. They saved $2,022
in War Bonds and Stamps, and earmarked this total for the purchase of the
Ambulance. (OWI M-1018)
Washington D.C. - Cardoso High School pays homage to one of its graduates, a war
here. A jeep purchased by students with War Bonds and Stamps was christened by
one of the school's prise Bond salesgirls, Jacqueline Jackson, in honor of Lt.
Paul Graham Mitchell, who was graduated from Cardoso in 1937. (Treas. Release)
74.
X. SCHOOLS
Washington, D.C.- Mary Lewis, a 15-year-old junior high school student, has put
aside $2,086 in War Bonds toward her twin objectives of becoming a school teacher
and paying her way through college. Mary is a 7A grade student of Shaw Junior
High School. Students, 1400 of them, marked Pearl Harbor Day with purchase of
$6,000 in Stamps. Another purchase of $5,000 reported on June 5.
(Pittsburgh Courier, 6/24/44)
Washington, D.C.- Gloria Brown, 15-year-old student at Garnett Patterson Junior
High School, sold $106,250 worth of War Bonds and Stamps during the 4th Drive.
Gloria received a letter of commendation from the Treasury. A radio announcer
gave her mention in one of his broadcasts, and the same was true of the capital's
leading newspapers.
Monroe, N.C.- "Monroe Bond Day" was observed on February 8 at Winchester Avenue
High School with a report of $4,638.05 in War Savings Bonds and Stamps.
(Jnl. & Guide. 2/19/44)
Washington, D.C.- Section 7A of Francis Junior High School won the Minute Man
Flag for 90% participation in the War Savings Program. Also prepared an excellent scrapbook showing their activities in the Bond program.
Washington, D.C.- A total of $2,059.90 was raised in the Bond Sale effort of the
pupils Visiting Teacher Corps when they dedicated an Army Ambulance in the
Freedmen's Hospital Annex Auditorium June 21. (Washington Tribune 7/1/44)
New Orleans, La.- Schools of New Orleans submitting their final report on the sale
of bonds and stamps for the recent 4th War Loan, show that they have increased
their sales by nearly 50% Total sales reported $64,560.70.
(New Orleans Informer, 3/4/44)
Jacksonville, Fla.- A purchase of $10,000 worth of War Bonds has been made for the
Edward Waters College. The $10,000 War Bond purchase represents a part of the
accumulated surplus educational funds. (Jnl. & Guide, 2/19/44)
Baltimore, Md.-The 5B class of Elliott School, No. 104 initiated its 4th W.L.Drive
with the sale of $1,367 worth of Bonds and Stamps. (Balto. Afro. 2/5/44)
Washington, D.C. - Colored school children have invested close to a quarter million
dollars in War Bonds and Stamps, according to a report from the office of A. Kiger
Savey, asst. supt., to the Treasury Department this week. Elementary schools
$164,268.40; Junior and Senior Highs and Vocational $49,665.95 as of June 30. 1944.
Combined total of $213,934.35 is enough money to pay the cost of a medium bomber.
a light tank, forty jeeps, and about a dozen "blockbuster" bombs. (Wash. Afro 7/15/44
D-Lay reaction at Shaw Junior High School in Washington, D.C. - Students purchased
extra war saving stamps as a tribute to the Allied Forces. The students purchased
$11,000 worth of stamps since the start of the school year. (Treasury Release)
Knoxville, Tenn.- To date we (Knoxville College) have purchased $2,000 in War Bonds
and Stamps. (3/2/44)
2.
114
SCHOOLS
X.
Rock Castle, Va.- The Cadet Corps of the St. Emma Military Academy has just
presentedithe Government with 11 jeeps in the Schools-at-Nar Program. The
students at this boarding high school, representing 28 States of the Union,
purchased Bonds and War Stamps regularly - to win the award of the "Minute
Man" nag. (Palmetto Leader, 2/26/44)
Monroe, N. C. - Winchester Avenue High School has been awarded two citations
certificates by the U. S. Treasury Department for services rendered in the
"Schools at War" program in buying War Bonds and Stamps. Sales enabled the
purchase of one motorcycle and one triple threat. (Jnl. & Guide 1/29/44)
Washington, D.C.- - Thrift clubs are being organised in the elementary schools
of the city to encourage thrift among the children. The purpose of the clubs
is to have the children buy War Stamps and Bonds to aid in the early victory
of the war. Each member of the clubs pledge to buy a certain number of Stamps
each week. To the club that buys the largest number of Stamps each week will
g the "Tribune Award."
Clubs have been organised in the following schools: Burrville, Smothers,
Lovejoy, Logan, Carfield, Van Ness, Giddings, Anthony Bowen, George Bell,
Twining, Cook, Morse, Crunnell, Garfield, and Stevens. Phillips-Normley,
Brigge-Montgomery, Summer-McGruder, Morgan-Wilson, Mott, Bruce, and Monroe
are to get started this week
This project has been hailed as one of the most worthy that have been
put forth to encourage thrift among children of the city. (Wash. Trib.,
10/28/44)
Chicago, Illinois - Single-handed, Barniese Anthony, student at the Oakland
High School, sold $24,925 worth of War Bonds during the 6th Var Loan Campaign.
(Treasury Release, 12/5/44)
New Orleans, La. - St. Mark rural school, East Baton Bouge parish, with an
enrollment of 51 Negro children, sold $18,350 in War Bonds during the Sixth
War Loan Drive. (Mines-Picayune, 12/19/44).
Concord, N.C.- "The Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools for
Negroes has purchased to date $9,000 worth of War Bonds." (Section files,
8/29/44 - LSUesart).
New Orleans, Le.- During the 6th War Loan Drive the Negro public, private
and parochial schools purchased War Bonds and Stemps in the amount of
$101,541.20. (OCWTayler) 12/22/44
75.
76.
115
XI. WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS
Chicago, Ill.- Officials of the Chicago Negro Chamber of Commerce and
State Treasury officials have set in motion plans to establish War Bond
Saving Clubs in a gigantic citywide effort to stimulate War Bond sales.
The immediate objective of the club is the promotion of the purchase
and holding of Var Bonds by as many persons as possible. (Chicago Bee,
12/17/44).
Washington, D.O.- Thrift clubs are being organized in the elementary
schools of the city to encourage thrift among the children. The pur-
pose of the clubs is to have the children buy War Stamps and Bonds to
aid in the early victory of the war. Each member of the clubs pledge
to buy a certain number of Stamps each week. To the club that buys the
largest number of Stamps each week will go the "Tribune Award."
Clubs have been organized in the following schools: Burrville,
Smothers, Lovejoy, Logan, Garfield, Yan Ness, Giddings, Anthony Bowen,
George Bell, Twining, Gook, Morse, Grunnell, Garfield, and Stevens.
Phillips-Voraley, Briggs-Montgomery, Sunner-No@ruder, Morgan-Wilson.
Nott, Bruce, and Monroe are to get started this week.
This project has been hailed as one of the most worthy that have
been put forth to encourage thrift among children of the city.
(Washington Tribune, 10/28/44.)
Memphis, Tenn.- An incomplete report from the National Chairman of the
War Bond Saving Clubs Organizing Committee shows that during the year
265 Clubs have been organised, with a total membership of 9,021. and
a total of $2,294,805.50 in War Bonds deposited and recorded.
Representatives have been appointed in 25 States to aid in this program.
The most outstanding job was done in Mississippi, where 190
WBSOs were organised, with a total of 7,152 members and War Bond
deposits totaling $1,657,200. (p.60-H)
77.
116
WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS PLAN
of Organization
ADVISORY COUNCIL
NATIONAL HEGRO
BUSINESS LEAGUE
Heads of
Nat. Organs.
TREASURY
DEPARTMENT
STATE
STATE
REPRESENTATIVE
-
WAR FINANCE COMMITTEE
(VBSG)
LOCAL
LOCAL
LOCAL
NEW
KEES
MM
78.
WAR BOND SAVING CLUBS
REPORT ROUTING
OFFICE FUNCTIONS
Club
Secretary
Club
Club
Club
Secretary
Secretary
Secretary
Club secretaries keep details confidential.
Report "Totals" monthly to:
(1) Assoc. or Dep. Adm. (Negro-VFC).
(2) WBSC State Representative.
ASSOCIATE OR DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
(Negro - WFC)
Receives "Total" monthly reports
from Club Secretaries.
(WBSC) STATE REPRESENTATIVE
(Negro - NNEL)
Must be acceptable to Assoc. or Dep.
Rec. "Total" mon. Reports from Sec.
Sends "State Total" to Nat. Chr.
(WBSC NATIONAL CHAIRMAN-Dr. Walker
STATE CHAIRMAN
(White-WFC)
Receives mon. "State totals" from
each State Representative.
Prepares monthly "Grand Total"
Sends copy of each to Interr. Section
.
WAR FINANCE DIVISION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS
WASHINGTON D.C.
INTERRACIAL SECTION-Wash,DC
Rec. above-mentioned reports from Nat.Chr
Gets approval of Assoc. or Dep.Adm. on
behalf of NNBL.
Estab. good working relations between
State Repr. & WAR FINANCE COMMITTEE
.
Members of the Interracial Section should not attend or address meetings on any
War Bond activities without the prior consent of the State Chairman or Executive
Manager.
79.
XII. WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS
118
The Florida State Federation of Negro Women took an active part in the 4th
War Loan Drive, The Federation itself made an investment of $1,000; total
sales traceable to the activities of these women amounted to $385,000.
The Colored Women's Division of the 4th W.L.D. in Memphis, Tenn., sold over
$52,000 worth of Bonds.
Mrs. Julia C. Calloway, representing the Grand United Order of Tents of the
Southern District, purchases a $10,000 War Bond to help boost the 5th W.L.D.
(Wash. Afro 7/15/44)
Chicago, Ill.- Victory Tea and War Bond party presented by the Women's Army for
National Defense assisted in financing the building of a $2,000,000 Liberty ship
in honor of the late Robert S. Abbot, editor and founder of the Chicago Defender.
Washington, D. C. - Surpassing their $2,000,000 goal by $1,452,000 the National
Council of Negro Women announced the liberation of the SS Harriet Tubman.
A total of $3,452,361.75 Bond purchases were credited to the drive. The
National Negro Insurance Asan. subscribed to $1,000,000 of this amount; North
Carolina Mutual Insurance Co. purchases $500,000, etc. (Afro 9/9/44)
Chicago, Ill.- Plans for a Christmas War Bond Party by the Chicago Beauticians
will include a beautiful hair style show with stars of stage, screen and radio
participating in the program. Volunteer workers of the Service Men's Center
No. 3 will act as hosteares on this occasion and beauticians will exchange
Christmas gifts of War Bonds and stamps from a beautiful Christmas tree erected
especially for this purpose. (Treasury Release 12/11/44).
Berkeley, Calif.- Between the months of January and October, 1944, the
Women's Ambulance and Defense Corps of Berkeley sold War Bonds in the
amount of $56,899.25. (Report Nov. 27. 1944).
Birmingham, Ala.- The Beautician's Volunteer Corps of Birmingham are
buying and selling War Bonds in order to pay tribute to the memory of the
late Madame C. J. Walker. The unit raised $48,350 in a special drive that
ended November 15 and plans to intensify its efforts during the Sixth War
Loan Drive. Among the sales made was one of $10,000, one of $5,000, and
27 of $1,000 denomination. (OWI Release I-1247).
"Women's Mar Finance Committee Organizational Structure and
PP. 40-31.
so.
119
XIII. MISCELLANEOUS
The Washington branch of the National Alliance of Postal Employees sold over
$10,000 worth of War Bonds at a "free" War Bond dance held at Turner's Arena.
Quests were not required to buy either bonds or stamps for admission but rather
they were put on the honor system to purchase them. (Washington Post, 4/8/44)
NFA (New Farmers of America) chapters and individuals bought $279,545 in War
Bonds and Stamps. The organization has 26,200 members and 840 chapters.
Baltimore, Md.- Immanuel Christian Church purchased $15,000 in Bonds during the
5th W. L. Drive.
Baltimore, Md.- The Afro-American has sold $29,915 in Bonds and Stamps, accord-
ing to a statement from George B. Murphy, editor of that journal.
Washington, D. C. - Primes Prude of Everson, W. Va., has been named the country(s
champion coal miner, having just rounded out 60 years in the mines. He plans to
retire with his War Bonds when the Third American war is over. He possesses more
that $2,000 in War Bonds. "While the war lasts I work to buy bonds; today I loaded
13 tons of coal. When the war is over I sets me down an rests", he told his -
ployers. (Palmetto Leader, 7/15/44)
The Nehi corporation of Columbus, Ga.. and the Royal Crown Cola bottlers are mak-
ing available to the United States Treasury the full-time services of S.J.Phillips,
Mr. Phillips has made a study of facts on Negro patriotism, pictures of Negroes
in the war and war activities. He will help local war loan committees secure more
Negro purchasers of the 5th W. L. bonds. During the 4th W. L. drive, Mr. Phillips
organised Negro newspapers and business organizations to sell more bonds.
(Ohio State News, 7/8/44)
Patriotic Baltimoreans turned out en masse for the War Bond Rally at the Royal
Theatre, contributing $25,000 to the 5th Drive. The war bond relly management showed good sense in selecting "There's something about a soldier" as the
picture to be shown. Just the glimpse of the colored officer candidate made
the bond buyers feel justified in the bond purchases and inspired them to buy
more. (Balto. Afro 7/15/44)
Columbia, s.c.- Jim Kearse, Negro convict, a life-termer for gurder, was pre-
sented with nine war bonds bought by him during the various War Bond campaigns.
(Palmetto Leader. 2/19/44)
The Board of Directors of the NAACP on June 12 invested $40,000 additional
of trust funds in War Bonds. "We urge all Negro organisations and individuals
to invest to the limit in democracy while they work to mails that democracy real
for all, irrespective of race, creed, color or national origin." (OWI - N 1028)
Chicago, Ill.- Dining car employees purchased out of their back pay. The Women's
Committee called at the homes of each waiter who received back pay and sold $525
worth of Bonds. The union is making an all-out effort. Total sales by union
$24,000. (4/24/44)
2
81.
XIII. MISCELLANEOUS
Personal endorsements of the Fifth War Loan Drive were received by the Treasury
Department from distinguished Negro leaders - Walter White, NAACP; Justice
Francis E. Rivers of the New York City Court: Bishop James A. Bray of the
Fraternal Council of Negro Churches in America; Dr. Channing H. Tobias,
Senior Secretary for Colored Work for the National YMCA Council: Sherman D.
Seruggs, president of Lincoln University; C.C. Spaulding, chairman of the
North Caroline Mutual Insurance Co., and Robert R. Taylor. member of the Chicago
Housing Authority. (Treasury Release N-1028)
The following ad appeared in a New York newspaper: *Colored girl, war bond
worker, will cook and serve dinner any Sunday for anyone who will buy or
pledge $1,000 up in War Bonds, Box 2424, Times-Union."
Washington, D.C.- "Victory Bowls" have been placed in the lobbies of the
Lincoln, Howard and Republic Theatres. Patrons in any of these theatres
purchasing Bonds will be allowed chances to go into the Victory Bowl equal
to the units of $25 Bonds they buy. $100 prise Bonds were donated by local
business concerns. Drawing to take place at the close of the drive.
(Treasury Release "G". 11/29/44)
Washington, D.O.- The New Farmers of America, with a membership of
26,200 Negro boys, sold during the year $279,545 in War Bonds and
Stamps. (FSA Report).
83.
1
XIV. AWARDS AND PRIZES
121
Section 7A of Francis Junior High School, Washington. D.C.. won the Minute Man
Schools-at-Nar Flag for 90% participation in the War Savings program.
A Doll Show was featured at School No. 136 (Baltimore) in which War Stemps
served as prises. (Balto Afro 2/5/44)
Washington, D.C.- Seven of the mothers who gave birth to 1,975 babies, one set
of triplets, during 1943 in Freedmen's Hospital, drew lucky numbers on National
Hospital Day and won War Bonds and Stamps totaling $75. as well as made plans
for a second "Annual Alumni Reunion" on Hospital Day in 1945,
Birmingham, Ala.- A $25 War Bond was given as first prize in the typewriting
contest: War Stamps were given for the second prize. (News-Age Herald, 4/16/44)
Washington, D.C.- Leo Marshall Bryant, Jr., 6-month-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Leo
Bryant, proved to be the most popular baby in a recent baby contest sponsored
by the Washington Business & Professional Women's League. The infant received
a $25 War Bond as first prise winner.
Washington, D.C.- Little Miss Vernette O. Williams, 5, won the $25 War Bond
raffled off by Club Thirty. (Wash. Tribune, 2/23/44)
Newport News, Va.- A local laundry owner and operator. Charles F. Garner,
revealed a unique plan whereby absenteeism is being kept at a minimum by
weekly awards of War Bonds to employees for reporting to work on time.
Each week the names of every employee who has worked the full week previously
and who has signed in on time for all six days, are placed in capsules and a
drawing is held. The winning name receives a $25 War Bond, So far some $675
in War Bonds has been distributed among the employees.
Pittsburgh, Pa.- As part of its campaign to raise funds for the work of the
Citisens' Coordinating Committee, the finance committee of that group held a
drawing for three War Bonds. (Pittsburgh Courier 6/24/44)
Washington, D.C.- Mrs. Anna Lamont presented her daughter, Florence, a recent
graduate of Brown Junior High School, $1,000 in War Bonds. (Wash, Afro 7/15/44)
The Race Relations Department of the Federal Council of Churches will present
the Edward L. Bernay's award (in 1945) to the person whose work toward the removal
of racial tansions and conflicts has been most outstanding. The achievement must
be of national significance and a distinct contribution to better race relations.
$1,000 War Bond is the award. (Ohio State News 7/15/44)
Washington, D.C.- A $50 War Bond was given to the person holding the likeky
number at a dance given at the Lincoln Colonnade by the Willing Workers of the
Sympathetic Union. (Wash. Tribune 6/24/44)
Washington, D.C.- Silas Goodall, who works in the reproduction branch of the AGO,
came in for a cash award of $100. He showed AGO how to save $5000 worth of their
employees' time by simply having War Bonds delivered to their desks without taking
workers away from their tasks. (Wash. Tribune 7/1/44)
2.
88.
XIV. AWARDS AND PRIZES
122
Capt. James T. Wiley of the 99th Pursuit Squadron was welcomed home by residents
of Pittsburgh. The celebration was a feature of the 5th Drive in the Smoky
City, and was sponsored jointly by the Pittsburgh Courier and the Citizens War
Bond Committee. Many bonds were sold. Capt. Wiley received from Mrs. Jessie
Vann, treasurer of the Pittsburgh Courier, a $500 Bond as a gift of the Citisens
Committee. (OWI - N-1033)
For a year prior to his induction. Lonnie Simmons' orchestra played from the
stage of the Garrick Lounge in Chicago. During this time the band took part in
numerous bond rallies and was cited by the Treasury Department for the part it
played in a program which netted $100,000 in War Bonds at the Aragon Ballroom.
(OWI N-895)
Rook Castle, Va.- The Cadet Corps of the St. Emma Military Academy has just
presented the Government with 11 jeeps in the Schools-at-Nar Program. The
students at this boarding high school, representing 28 States of the Union,
purchased Bonds and War Stamps regularly - to win the award of the "Minute
Man" Flag. (Palmetto Leader, 2/26/44)
Monroe, N.C.- - Winchester Avenue High School has been awarded two citations
certificates by the U. S. Treasury Department for services rendered in the
"Schools-at-War" program in buying War Bonds and Stamps. Sales enabled the
purchase of one motorcycle and one triple threat. (Jnl & Guide 1/29/44)
Washington, D.C.- The Treasury Department sent a letter of thanks to Bishop
R. R. Wright, Jr., of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, on the outstanding
success of a patriotic mass meeting and bond rally in Memphis, Tenn., under the
auspices of the Fraternal Council of Negro Churches of America. (Pittsburgh
Courier, 2/12/44)
"For patriotic cooperation - citations have also been awarded to the following:
A. Improved Order of Samaritans, Athens, Ga.
B. Henry Allen Boyd, Secretary, National Baptist Publishing
Board, Nashville, Tenn.
C. Bishop James A. Bray (posthamous), Chicago, Ill.
D. Father Divine, New York City
E. Dr. Joseph E. Walker, National Chairman, War Bond Saving
Clubs Organising Committee, Memphis, Tenn.
F. Harlan W. Carter, Bureau of Engraving, Washington. D. C.
Los Angeles, Calif.- "The Festive Overture," a new work by William Grant
Still, won for him a $1000 War Bond in nationwide competition, for writing
a jubilee overture celebrating the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra's 50th
anniversary. The three judges voted unanimously for his composition which
was among the 38 entered. (Afro, 12/30/44).
Washington, D. C.- A erochet bag was won by Miss Beatrice Bady as a prise
for the largest purchase of War Bonds ($3400) at a December rally among the
employees of the Census Department. (Afro 1/6/45)
Bristol, Ya. Six young people (two colored) won top prises in a contest
on the subject of Why I Buy Bonds." Their prises included a trip to
Washington, D.C. to attend the inauguration.
84
123
RECAPITULATION - Interracial Section
Page
Addresses made - 174
.2
Circular letters prepared - (15)
.3
Gitations - (6)
5
Distributions
Aviator poster
3
- (200,000)
- (190,000)
Baby poster
War Bond Saving Pamphlets - (100,000)
Magazine articles prepared - (6)
1
Mailing lists - (26) - 4,587 names, including national
3
Miscellaneous documents - (3)
.2
organisations
Personnel - (38)
.6
Press releases - (6)
1
Rallies, Conferences, Meetings attended - 702
.2
Speeches prepared - (4)
1
Travel Data
Cities visited - 258
Total days in field - 705 3/4
59
59
Travel cost - $4,783.47
59
War Bond Saving Clubs Organised - 265
Amount of Bonds
Outstanding State
Memberships
War Bond Record of Section
60-H
- $2,294,803.30
- Mississippi
- 9,021
13% of monthly payroll; 100% employee participation
505% above quota in Sixth War Loan Drive
.5
35.
HIGHLIGHTS OF 1944
(from the press and other sources)
BOND PURCHASES OF ONE MILLION DOLLARS OR MORE
Amount
$810,000,000
Payrell Savings Estimate (Negro age-earners)
New York City - Beau Jack - Bob Montgomery fight( 8/4) 35,000,000
10,000,000
Selma, Ala. - National Baptist Convention (8/29)
Columbia, S.O.- Richmond County VFC (2/19)
Chicago, 111. - WFC
Durham, N.O.- N.C Nutual Life Insurance Co. (12/15)
Washington, D.C. - as Harriet Tubman report (8/1)
Atlanta, Ga. - Atlanta Life Insurance Co. (5/21)
Chicago, Ill.- War Loan Dinners, WFO
New Orleans, La. - Negro WFC (O.C.W.Taylor) 13/10
Tuskegee, Ala - Negro WFO (Harry Simms) 9/16
Memphis, Tenn. - War Bond Saving Glube (JSWalker)
6,850,000
19,000,000 plus
4,575,400
3,452,361
2,862,500
2,686,037
2,421,552
2,322,638
2,294,803
2,000,000
Washington, D.C. - Industrial Bank (11/28)
Philadelphia, Pa. - Citisens Bank, Maj.R.R. Wright (3/11) 1,500,000
Phila. Pa. - Todd Duncan with Philadelphia Orchestra, 1,500,000
1,235,000
Birmingham, Ala.- Bond Rally (2/15)
1,200,172
Denver, Colo - American Woodmen Ins. Co. (5/21)
1,000,000
Detroit, Mich.- Mass meeting (a/2)
Page
61
64
68
67
60-6
60-D
73
73
67
60-3
60-0
6065
65
64
30
73
8
BOND PURCHASES OF $500,000 OR MORE
Buffalo, N.Y. War Loan Drive, WFO (6/21)
Memphis, Tenn. - Universal Life Ins. Co. (5/21)
Washington, D.C. - Afro American Newsboys
Chicago, Ill. - Supreme Liberty Life Ins. Co. (5/21)
New Orleans, La.- Negro WFO (3/11)
Chicago, Ill.- Netropolitan Funeral Asan. (5/21)
Louisville, Ky - Demostic Life Ins. Co. (5/21)
809,480
700,000
670,832
605,000
558,530
541,729
517,600
43
72
66
73
67
72
72
BOND PURCHASES OF $100,000 OR MORE
Memphis, Tena - Mass meeting (1/23)
Florida State Federation Negro Women
Newark, N.J - Ford Edgewater Plant (6/15)
Philadelphia, Pa.- WFO Report (7/15)
Detroit, Kidh - Tinken Agle Co. (6/10)
Washington, D.O - Negro schools (7/15)
Jacksonville, Fla - Negro WFC (1/30)
St. Louis, No. - WFC Report, JNFreeman (1/13/45)
New Farmers of America (FSA Report)
98
400,000
385,000
334,000
375,000
240,000
213,934
200,000
182,750
379,545
7
79
51
73
13
74
29
81
86.
HIGHLIGHTS (Cont.)
BOND PURCHASES OF $100,000 OR MORE (Cont.)
Marshall, Tex - Harrison County Negro VFC (2/36)
Baltimore, Md.- Bond Rally (4/23)
Muskegon, Mich - Lackey Foundry Co. (6/15)
Nentgomery, Ala - USD Rally (2/12)
Muskegon. Mich - Campbell, Wymeat & Cannon (6/15)
Tuskegee, Ala. - Air Base (2/15)
Norfolk, Va.- War Bond Committee (2/26)
Birmingham, Ala - Dinner Party (12/17)
Washington, D.O. Gloria Brown, age 15 (7/8)
Durham, N.O.- Bond Rally and Show (7/6)
Baltimore, Md. - Negro Participation Division (7/14)
New Orleans, La - Negro Schools (13/22)
Chicago, Ill. Lennie Simmons' entertainers
Benton Harber, Mich. Central High School (6/16)
White Plains, N.I.- Bend Rally (5/39)
Jasper, Ala.- War Bond Meeting (2/15)
fuscaleesa, Ala. Mar Finance Parade (3/14)
Amount
Page
$150,000
150,000
140,000
137,000
125,000
125,000
120,000
112,250
106,250
105,475
102,075
101,541
100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
67
23
13
8
12
30
67
67
66
44
67
75
83
12
11
8
8
OUTSTANDING EVENTS
Four Var Bond songs were approved by the U. S. Treasury Department for
use during the Sixth Var Loan Drive. of these four, two vere submitted
by Andy Rasaf, Negro composer and lyricist. (p.4)
Dr. Hall Johnson submitted a song titled, "Buy a Bond Today." Although
too late for use in the 6th War Loan Drive, it will be used for the
interim period between drives.
"The Festive Overture, a new work by William Grant Still, celebrating
the 50th anniversary of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, won for him
a $1000 War Bond. (p.83)
An elderly colored widow, with no sons or daughters to fight or join
the armed services. sold her home and used the entire proceeds for the
purchase of War Bonds, $15,000. (p.70)
Gloria Brown, 15, air raid messenger, sold $106,350 in War Bends
during the 4th War Loan Drive. (p.66)
Thrift clube are being organised in the elementary schools of
Washington, D.O., to encourage thrift among the children. The
purpose is to have the children buy Var Stamps and Bonds to aid in
early victory of the war. (p.75)
The honor of being the first 6th War Loan worker to receive a
commission as second lieutenant in the Blue Star Brigado went to a
colored woman, Mrs. O'Della Davis. (Ithace Jal.. 11/24/44)
St. Mark rural school. New Orleans, La., 51 pupils. $18,380 Bond sales. (p.75)
Six Virginia high school students (two Negre) wes prises during 6th
War Loan Drive, including trip to Inauguration, is Washington, D.O.
Mar Finance Division's Interrecial Section Var Bend record. (p.5)
87.
HIGHLIGHTS (Cont.)
OUTSTANDING EVENTS
Columbia, s.c.- Jim Kearse, convict, life-termer for murder, was
presented with nine War Bonds bought by him during the various
War Bond campaigns. (p.80)
New York City - The following ad appeared in a New York news-
paper: "Colored girl, War Bond worker, will cook and serve
dinner any Sunday for anyone who will buy or pledge $1,000 up
in War Bonds, Box 2424, Times-Union." (p.81)
Washington, D. 0.- - Silas Goodall was the recipient of a $100
award. He showed the AGO how to save $5,000 worth of their employees' time by simply having War Bonds delivered to their desks
without taking workers away from their tasks. (p.82)
A special Radio Show was produced, adapted and broadcast by Duke
Ellington and his organization for the 6th War Loan Drive. (p.4)
Section 7A of Francis Junior High School, Washington, D. C., won
the Minute Man Flag for 90% participation in the Schools-at-Mar
program. (p.74)
Monroe, N. C.- - Winchester Avenue High School has been awarded two
citations by the U. S. Treasury Department for services rendered
in the Schools-at-War program in buying War Bonds and Stamps. (p.83)
UNIQUE PROMOTIONS
Cab Calloway has composed the first War Bond song in five, titled
"Rackin' 'em Back," combining jive talk lyrics with melody. The
song, composed at the request of Secretary Morgenthau, urges bondholders to "stache your Bonds away" which means "hide your Bonds
for safekeeping." (p.64)
Chicago, I11.- A Christmas War Bond Party by the Chicago Beauti-
cians included a hair style show with stars of stage, screen and
radio participating. The beauticians exchanged Christmas gifts of
War Bonds and Stamps from & beautiful Christmas tree erected es-
pecially for this purpose. (p.79)
Washington, D. c.- "Victory Bowls" were placed in the lobbies of
the Lichtman Theatres, Patrons in any of these theatres purchasing War Bends had chances at the Victory Bowl equal to the units
of $25 Bonds purchased. Several $100 Bond prises were donated
by local business concerns for this purpose. (p.81)
By appeals to doctors. nurses and visitors, 76 crippled children
sold $2,022 in War Bonds and Stamps for the purchase of an Army
ambulance. (Schools-at-Nar, Feb. 1945)
88.
HIGHLIGHTS (Cont.)
UNIQUE PROMOTIONS
Newport News, Va.- A local laundry owner and operator
is keeping absenteeism at a minimum by weekly awards of
War Bonds to employees for reporting to work on time.
Each week the names of every employee who has worked the
full week previously and who has signed in on time for all six days,
are placed in capsules and a drawing is held. The winning name
receives a $25 War Bond. (p.82)
The Race Relations Department of the Federal Council of
Churches presents each year the Edward L. Bernay Award
to the person whose work toward the removal of racial
tensions and conflicts has been most outstanding.
The award is $1,000 Mar Bond. (p.82)
The INTERRACIAL SEOTION is proud of the contribution that is being made by
colored Americans - on the "Bend front" as well as on the battlefront - and
is deeply grateful to all who had a part in making this report possible.
By MBGoldman, Treasury's War Finance Division, Washington. D.O., Dec. 30. 1944.
THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY
WASHINGTON
24 JAN 1945
Dear Henry:
Your letter of January 2nd is much appreciated and I
have had it brought to the attention of cognizant
authorities so that they would know of your kind offer
and make requests for assistance from your promotional
organization in the event it is considered necessary.
If the services of your organization are needed, no
doubt the Chief of the Incentive Division, Rear Admiral
C. H. Woodward, USN, will be in touch with your
Department.
In the meantime, I suggest you have your War Bond
people get in touch with Admiral Woodward to apprise
him of the services at your disposal.
Sincerely,
James Fores tal
The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr.
Secretary of the Treasury
Washington, D. C.
January 24, 1945
Dear Henry:
I thought you night be interested in
seeing a copy of a telegram I received
from Dr. Herman W. Johnson of Houston, Texas,
and also a copy of my answer.
Sincerely yours,
(Signed) Henry
The Honorable Henry A. Wallace,
Wardman Park,
Washington, D.C.
January 23, 1945.
Dear Sir:
I am acknowledging receipt of a telegram dated
January 22 with your name appended. The telegram reads
as follows:
"Would you as fiscal agent of our Government
appoint Wallace as Chairman of the RFC with
the billions involved? Does his business experience warrant such appointment? Further
purchase of Government securities awaits your
reply."
The last sentence of this message, I think, particularly deserves attention.
It has been one of the saddest experiences of my
life to receive letters and telegrams like this from
time to time during this war. Typically they express
the attitude that because someone in official life has
done something of which the writer disapproves, the
writer is not going to help any more with the war ef-
fort. He is going to let the rest of the 135 million
people of America fight along by themselves as best they
can. It is the sort of thing we used to call "the baby
act" when I was a boy.
The only comforting thought about such messages is
that the writers don't really mean them, but only express
the anger of a moment.
If you really in good faith wan t my opinion of
Henry Wallace's ability to discharge competently the
duties of the position to which the President has appointed
him I will give it to you. He is a supremely loyal public servant, able and devoted, and he is well qualified
-2to direct the work of the Department of Commerce and
of the lending agencies attached to it. He will ad-
minister them with his purpose concentrated on the
public interest. Of that there need be no doubt.
Yours very truly,
(Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr.
Secretary of the Treasury.
Dr. Herman W. Johnson
Houston, Texas
HEG/mah
CLASS OF SERVICE
This is a full-rate
Telegram or Cable-
-mm unless its de-
WESTERN
d character is in-
ated by suitable
symbol above or preceding the address
K
132 a
1201
UNION
SYMBOLS
DL-Day Letter
NL=Night Letter
LC-Deferred Cable
NLT-Cable Night Letter
A. N. WILLIAMS
Ship Radiogram
PRECIDENT
The filing time shown in the date line on telegrama and day letters in STANDARD TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is STANDARD TIME at point of destination
HSA405 NL PD=HOUSTON TEX 22
THE HON HENRY MORGANTAHU=
1945 JAN 22 PM 10 45
SECY US TREASURY WASHDC=
WOULD YOU AS F ISCAL AGENT OF OUR GOVERNMENT APPOINT WALLACE
AS CHA IRMAN OF THE RFC WITH THE BILLIONS INVOLVED? DOES IS
BUS INESS EXPERIENCE WARRANT SUCH APPOINTMENT? FURTHER
PURCHASE OF GOVERNMENT SECURITIES AWAITS YOUR REPLY S INCERELY
YOURS=
HERMAN W JOHNSON MD:
?
THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS_FROM.ITS,PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVIOE
JAN 24 1945
Dear Mr. Byrnes:
This will acknowledge receipt of your letter
dated January 13, 1945, having reference to the
declining stock pile of coal available and pointing
out the necessity for keeping temperatures below
68 degrees in buildings heated by the Treasury
Department.
In compliance with your request, the Superintendent
Treasury Buildings has been instructed to regulate
temperatures so that they will not exceed 68 degrees.
of
Sincerely yours,
(Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr.
Honorable James F. Byrnes,
Director,
Office of War Mobilization
and Reconversion,
Washington, D. C.
CSB/mhg
1-23-45
OFFICE OF WAR MOBILIZATION AND RECONVERSION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
January 13,1945.
Dear Mr. Secretary:
The Secretary of the Interior has reported to the
President that we must reduce our coal consumption in 1945
by approximately 25 million tons. He has pointed out that
a stockpile of 77 million tons which was available on April
1,1943, will be reduced to approximately 40 million tons by
April 1,1945. This stockpile will be inadequate to assure
proper distribution.
I have asked the War Production Board to prohibit
the use of electricity obtained from coal in all outdoor
advertising, ornamental and display lighting. I have also
asked the Director of Defense Transportation to eliminate
special and excursion trains and increases in normal schedules to resort areas,
The savings from these measures will make up only
a small part of the 25 million tone. Therefore, & substantial
reduction in space heating is also necessary. I have appealed
to the management of all public buildings, hotels, apartments,
stores, and other establishments to take immediate measurea to
keep maximum temperatures below 68 degrees. I hope that the
response to this appeal will prevent the necessity for rationing with the administrative burden which it would entail.
The President has emphasized the importance of govern-
ment agencies responsible for the heating of buildings setting
an example in compliance. With his approval, therefore, I wish
to ask you to issue instructions to insure compliance in the
buildings under your control.
Sincerely yours,
Director.
Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr..
Secretary of the Treasury
Washington D.C.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION
Date Jan. 16, 1945
TO
Mr. Charles S. Bell, Administrative Assistant
to the Secretary
FROM Mr. Edward E. Berney
In a hurried checkup I have learned that the Superintendent, Treasury Buildings, heats:
Main Treasury Building
Annex 1
Belasco Theatre
and provides steam for a part of the White House, the Wilkins
Building, and the leased building at 1510 H Street, N. W.
All commercial buildings are heated by the Public
Buildings Administration or through the owners of the leased
premises where we are occupying space.
Director Hall advised me that the Bureau of Engraving
and Printing and all of the buildings in that vicinity are
heated from the central heating plant which is not under the
control of the Treasury Department. The boilers formerly used
to heat the Bureau of Engraving and Printing were dismantled
sometime ago.
OFFICE OF
THE ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
TO THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
1/16/45
Beg
CHARLES S. BELL
TELEPHONE 308
ROOM as
137
25
January 24, 1945.
Dear Mr. Bowless
Thank you for your letter of January 10.
which enclosed the booklet, "The Story of Vartino
Nationing". This seems to - one of the best
things of its type that I have som in print,
and I have been interested in going through
every page of the booklet. I appreciate your
thought in seeing that I had a copy.
Sincerely,
(Signed) H. Morgenthan, Jr.
Regerable Chester Device,
Administrator, Office of
Price Maintotration,
Washington 25. B. c.
o
GEF/dbs
38
OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION
the
WASHINGTON 25. D. C
Trez
January 18, 1945
OFFICE or THE ADMINISTRATOR
.
in E
4/9
is
The Honorable
Henry Morgenthau, Jr.
Secretary
Department of the Treasury
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Morgenthau:
I think you will be interested in the
attached presentation on rationing. It outlines
some of the problems which confront us and the
methods we are employing to meet them.
it.
I hope you can find time to run through
With my best regards.
Sincerely,
Chester Bawle
Chester Bowles
Administrator
Attachment
139
INF-B219(1-45)
1
THE STORY
OF
WARTIME
RATIONING
OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION
CHESTER BOWLES, ADMINISTRATOR
EVERY AMERICAN
will gladly put aside his own
convenience sacrifice his
welfare to help bring the war
to a successful end at the
earliest possible date.
BUT
All of us want to know the
reasons for the actions our
government takes and the
reasons for the part assigned
to us in this total war.
THIS STORY
of wartime rationing is offered
SO that all Americans
may know
00
WHY we Ration
WHEN we Ration
HOW we Ration
WHAT we Ration
2
3
21HT
WHY
DO WE
RATION
?
WAR CREATES SHORTAGES
Essential imports are reduced
or cut off.
Factories that made peacetime goods
are converted to production of
war materials.
Food and Fibre, once in plentiful supply,
must be shared with our fighting
men and with our allies.
Supplies of civilian goods
diminish as war production
goes up FOR EXAMPLE
5
TO FIGHT THE WAR
These Steps Were Necessary:
7
We had to stop making cars, S
radios, refrigerators and
washing machines. for
one
civilians, in order to make
more guns, tanks and
planes.
2
R
To Supply Our Armies, Our
Civilians and to Aid Our Allies, the
Government Allocated in 1944:
PERCENT
PERCENT
TO MILITARY AND
TO
OTHER USES
CIVILIANS
84
16
BUTTER
82
18
SUGAR
We had to make more shoes,
tires, trucks, produce more
meat, dairy products and
canned foods; produce more
oil, refine more gasoline
to supply our military as
well as civilian needs.
76
24
MEAT
61
39
GASOLINE
59
41
CANNED GOODS
44
56
5
LEATHER
48
52
AMERICAN (CHEDDAR) CHEESE
7
6
While Military Needs Were Cutting
Deeply into Supplies Available
for Civilians
EMPLOYMENT WAS INCREASING
1939
44 MILLION
1944
51 MILLION
AND PEOPLE HAD MORE AND
MORE MONEY TO SPEND
With Demand much higher
and Supplies much lower
than pre-war days
it was apparent that many
wouldn't get their fair share
This could only lead to
Buying runs
(After Paying Taxes)
1939
$$$$$$$
Hoarding
68 BILLION
1944
131 BILLION
Aggravated shortages
o
AND
FURTHERMORE
People with the most moneyPeople with the most shopping
In normal times, with adequate supplies,
goods flow to corners of the country
seeking markets. Local demands cause
price premiums which draw in supplies.
time -
Would get the best and the
most.
11
10
But in wartime, with incomes high
and sharply increased demand, much
greater amounts of supply can be
purchased near production areas, thus
further aggravating shortages at
outlying points.
WITHOUT RATIONING WITH RATIONING
IT BECAME APPARENT
THAT
War-time shortages would
cause severe hardship and
slow up our whole war effort
UNLESS some system was inaugurated to distribute scarce supplies
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
CONCENTRATED
SPREAD
fairly or to those who needed
them most.
FOR THAT REASON.
This is another reason why we ration.
13
12
CONGRESS ACTED
to protect every citizen alike
to provide a mechanism for fair
sharing of essential goods
to meet war-essential needs first
when supplies would not meet
the wants of all
to promote all out production
WHEN
DO WE
BY PROVISIONS OF THE
SECOND WAR POWERS ACT.
n
CONGRESS
E
6
SECOND WAR POWERS ACT
RATION
of
e
14
15
THE AUTHORITY TO RATION
was delegated by Congress to the President
under the SECOND WAR POWERS ACT.
and delegated by the President to
the SUPPLY AGENCIES."
to WAR FOOD ADMINISTRATION on ALL FOODS.
THE SUPPLY AGENCIES
WPB
WFA
PAW
are responsible for production
for military needs and for
civilian production and allocation.
WPB tranferred to the PETROLEUM
They determine when available
supplies of essential goods are
inadequate to meet uncontrolled
ADMINISTRATOR for WAR the control
demand.
WAR PRODUCTION BOARD on ALL OTHER
COMMODITIES.
over Petroleum Products.
WFA
CONGRESS
When they find that consumer
PRESIDENT
rationing is necessary to insure
WPB
OPA
fair-distribution of scarce
PAW
essential goods
OPA IS DIRECTED TO RATION
16
17
13
OPA PLANS AND CARRIES OUT
CONSUMER RATIONING PROGRAMS
1
To assure each section of the
country its fair share of scarce goods.
2 to divide that supply fairlyone family to another.
3 to prevent hoarding.
4 to distribute essential products
to those who need them most.
5 to help maintain ceilings by
preventing ruinous bidding up
of prices of scarce goods.
HOW
DO WE
RATION
of
18
19
CONSUMER RATIONING
in America is done by
"COMMITTEES of NEIGHBORS"
These Committees are called
WAR PRICE and RATIONING BOARDS
119,788 VOLUNTEERS
make up America's
WAR PRICE AND RATIONING BOARDS
They are aided by
35.448 PAID EMPLOYEES
located in the Boards
93 DISTRICT OFFICES
serve the Boards, coordinate their operations,
serve business and industry on rationing
price control and rent control problems.
5,578 BOARDS
serve every community
in America
8 REGIONAL OFFICES
supervise OPA programs
communicate national
policy to District Offices.
NATIONAL
OFFICE
21
20
In a typical state, Connecticut,
ALL AMERICA
is represented in
WAR PRICE AND
RATIONING BOARDS
Board Members, drawn from every
walk of life include
FARMERS
179
LAWYERS
44
DOCTORS
31
INSURANCE
43
MEN
MERCHANTS 961
DENTISTS
PLUMBERS 10
NURSES
HOUSEWIVES 533
8
47
ENGINEERS 53
ELECTRICIANS 11
CLERGYMEN 25
FACTORY
WORKERS
TEACHERS
237
CARPENTERS 15
179 AND OTHERS
23
22
BOARDS
ADMINISTER
4 KINDS OF
RATIONING PROGRAMS
Each planned to meet
1. POINT RATIONING
an equal share to all
Everyone is entitled to an
equal share of the civilian
supply of scarce foods.
BUT.
every food item to permit
exact division.
AND.
a vital wartime need
for equitable distribution.
THESE ARE
there is not enough of
consumer tastes vary-not
all of us want the same
amount of each food.
so
the point rationing system
gives each of us the same
amount of ration currency
SO that we can choose the
foods we want out of two
major food groups.
24
25
2-UNIFORM COUPON
1. (Continued)
POINT RATIONING USES
RATIONING
BLUE POINTS
for most Canned and Bottled Foods.
For a single commodity. when
everyone should share alike, the
Uniform Coupon System is used.
This system validates 2 stamp
periodically to allow each of us
to buy a pair of shoes.
KOREA
There is 2 point value
for each kind of food.
and
20,
0
RED POINTS
In the same way stamps are
validated with which everyone
For most Meats, Butter, Margarine,
Canned Fish, Cheese and Canned
may buy 2 designated amount
of Sugar.
Milk.
14 mm
There is a point value
for each kind of food
by cut, and weight, or
size of can.
MILK
SUGAR
27
26
3. DIFFERENTIAL COUPON
CERTIFICATE RATIONING
RATIONING
For 2 commodity where different
people require different amounts,
larger rations are granted to some,
smaller rations to others.
When single items in scarce
supply have to be allotted to
individual buyers on the basis
of need,Certificate Rationing
is used.
Fuel oil needs vary
with the size of the
home, climate or
industrial use.
Gasoline needs vary,
depending on type of
activity, essentiality of
use, distance, etc.
For items like Automobiles. Tires.
Stoves and Rubber Boots. a simple
Certificate is granted.
28
29
13
RATION CURRENCY FOLLOWS
NORMAL BUSINESS CHANNELS
RATIONING CURRENCY
PROCESS
It Parallels the Flow of Money.
Retailer pays the wholesaler
in Stamps or Ration Checks
START
HERE
END
DA
LOCAL
PROCESSORS
BOARD
on his regular bank.
Wholesaler has his ration bank
INDIVIDUALS
account too. He draws checks
to pay his supplier.
Manufacturer or Processor
BANK
RATION
the first person to handle goods
in their rationed form ends
the flow of ration currency by
paying it to OPA.
RETAILERS
WHOLESALERS
He reports his production and sales
which must check with the currency
he receives.
In a certificate program, the certificates
themselves flow through these Channels.
30
31
TO PROTECT THIS
RATION CURRENCY SYSTEM.
RATION CURRENCY
IS IMPORTANT
Many Steps are Taken, Including.
1
Stamps and Certificates are printed
on special safety paper and designs
are changed periodically to hinder
counterfeiting.
2
It is as important to Retailers,
Wholesalers and Manufacturers,
as to Consumers.
Ration currency is issued in many
communities through mailing centers
where special precautions are taken
against theft and loss.
All must have it to replace the
rationed goods they sell or use.
3
Currency goes from Banks to Verification
centers where it is counted or weighed,
spot-checked for validity. and inspected
under special lamps to detect counterfeits.
32
33
THESE ESSENTIAL GOODS
Have been rationed during the war:
WHAT
DATE RATIONING
BEGAN
OF RATIONING
Jan, 1942
Rationed
Automobiles
Feb., 1942
Rationed
Typewriters
Mar, 1942
Removed from
Rationing Apr., 1944
Sugar
May. 1942
May, 1942
Tires
Passenger
DO WE
PRESENT STATUS
Gasoline
Rationed
Rationed
(Eastern Shorlage Area)
RATION
Bicycles
July, 1942
Removed Sept. 1944
Oct., 1942
Rationed
Rationed
Feb., 1943
Rationed
Coffee
Nov., 1942
Removed July 1943
Gasoline
Dec. 1942
Rationed
Rubber Footwear Oct., 1942
Fuel Oil
(30 States)
Fuel Oil
(Pacific Northwest)
(Remainder of Nation)
Stoves
Dec., 1942
Rationed
Some removed Oct. 1944
Continued
34
35
next page
Shoes
Feb. 1943
Meat
Mar. 1943
Lard
Mar, 1943
Shortening&Oils Mar. 1943
Butter
Mar, 1943
Mar, 1943
Margarine
Cheese
Mar, 1943
Rationed
Rationed
Removed Mar.1944
Removed Apr.1944
Rationed
Rationed
Rationed
Processed Foods
Canned & Bottled Mar. 1943
Frozen
Mar. 1943
Rationed
Removed between
Mar. 1943
Removed Mar 1944
Mar 1943
Removed Sept 1944
Canned Milk
June 1943
Firewood & Coal
Sept.1943
Rationed
Rationed
Nov. 1943
Removed between
Apr. &Sept, 1944.
Jams. Jellies.
Fruit Butters
36
RATION CONTROLS ARE REMOVED
Coffee, Jams. Jellies and Fruit
Butters, some Fats and Oils were
removed from Rationing when
Supplies became adequate to
meet uncontrolled demand.
Nov.1945 Apr. 1944
Dried Fruits
Dried Beans
(Pacific Northwest)
WHEN SUPPLIES BECOME ADEQUATE
Bicycles and Typewriters were
removed when Rationing was no
longer needed to assure supplies
to more essential users.
Ration Controls may be tempo rarily relaxed when the Supply
Situation permits such action
37
TIRES
NOW
let's examine the
items we ration
ONE
BY
A crucial Rubber Shortage
and a Resulting Tire shortage
Brought the first Rationing to
America in
JANUARY 1942.
to keep our transportation
system going.
LEAN
ONE
39
38
The Synthetic Rubber Program
BUT NEEDS FOR TIRES
Enabled Us to Keep Running.
ARE PILING UP
24 MILLION PASSENGER CARS
1.
5 MILLION COMMERCIAL VEHICLES.
rationed to "B" and "C'ar owners
in Oct., Nov., Dec. 1944, only 70%
BUT, in 1944, Even with This Program
of the eligible applicants could
be given a tire certificate.
1944
1941
PASSENGER TIRES
FOR CIVILIANS
WERE 66 % LESS 53.5
THAN IN 1941
VD
2.
MILLION
18
While 5 million tires were
There never have been enough
new tires to grant rations to
MILLION
10 million "A" book holders.
TRUCK TIRES
3.
FOR CIVILIANS
WERE 55% LESS 12
MILLION
THAN IN 1941
5.4
40
Most tires in use today are in
their 4th year of service
MILLION
41
INCREASED MILITARY NEEDS
THE TRUCK TIRE SITUATION
HAS BEEN THE
are cutting further into our
MOST SERIOUS OF ALL
Passenger Tire Supply also.
In June and July 1944.
civilians got almost
Estimates of civilian passenger tire
500,000 a Month
From August through December.
production for Jan-Feb-Mar 1945 show
a decrease of 1,665,000 tires or 25%.
The quota of tires available for
stepped up Military demands
For January 1945,
the number was cut to 326,000a Month
rationing in January was cut 10%
from December but the production
drop will probably be reflected in
later and deeper cuts.
And while available truck tires decrease,
Thus, "A" Book Holders must con-
needs grow, because tires are wearing out.
tinue to wait for new tires.
reduced this to
400,000a Month
43
42
AUTOMOBILES
GASOLINE
Refining of Crude Oil Has Risen
In February 1942, we had a stock-
pile of 538,000 new cars
to last until production is resumed.
(In May 1941. 514,000 automobiles
were sold.)
SHARPLY Since 1941
BUT
Gasoline for Civilian Uses Has
DROPPED SHARPLY.
1944
1941
To continue war time transportation
it was essential-that these cars be
rationed to those who need them most
CIVILIAN
1,700,000
Lare,000
BARRELS
BARRELS
PER DAY
PER DAY
CASOLINE
DOWN 29%
Through certificate rationing, that
Job has been done. One month's
supply spread over three years!
On December 31, 1944 there were 12,000 cars left
in that stockpile.
MILITARY a
OTHER GASOLINE
FOR MARKELS
00000
44
V98,000
BARRELS
45
UP 268 %
This Drop in Gasoline for Civilians
Has Required An Even Sharper
Drop in Gasoline for Passenger Cars.
BARRELS PER DAY
GASOLINE IS RATIONED
According to the essential
needs of each motorist.
SOME for every car owner to keep his
car running for minimum family needs.
NON HIGHWAY
24,000,000 "A" book holders
1941
(FARM, ETC.)
UP 16%
1944 ..
MORE for those who need their cars
for less essential business
8,500,000 'B' book holders
COMMERCIAL
1941
VEHICLES
DOWN 11%
1944 .....
MOST for those who must use their
cars in war work or other
highly essential occupations.
5,400,000 "C" book holders
PASSENGER
1941
And, of course, gasoline for:
CARS
DOWN 41 %
1944
TRUCKS
MOTORCYCLES
BUSES
and other
essential
vehicles
TRACTORS
46
47
If Gasoline is Scarce
IF GASOLINE IS SCARCE
Why are stocks increasing in
the winter of 1944-45?
WHERE DOES BLACK MARKET GAS
COME FROM ?
!
Because
Stocks must be built up
in winter the season of
lowest use to permit
It comes from the common supply,
leaving less for ration holders.
increasing demands farm
and commercial to be met
Some motorists - and some
in the Spring and Summer.
stolen coupons or use coupons
Stocks are
November
LOWEST in Outsider after harvest
HIGHEST in March and April
before planting
48
dealers- pay counterfeit or
issued to someone else--
But gaseline comes
- suppliers
thus depriving the honest
motorist of his fair share.
49
STEPS LIKE THESE HELP TO STAMP
OUT THE BLACK MARKET
OPA:
Uses serial numbers on all coupons.
2
Cancels coupons at regular intervals and
issues new ones.
3
4
5
Requires dealers to make good on all
counterfeit coupons they accept
Mails coupons from central offices in cities
to reduce theft and loss.
Provides police escort and other similar
protection for ration currency
Checks gas coupons with special
G
counterfeit detection device.
fuel FUEL OIL
Crude Oil President increased One-Fourth
between 1941 and 1944.
BUT
Essential War Uses increased almost
One-Half in the same period.
THIS MEANT A DROP IN THE AMOUNT
LEFT FOR CIVILIAN HEATING USES
WHERE OUR FUEL OIL GOES
Requires every motorist to endorse his coupons.
Takes vidorous legal action against those
who deal in the Black Market.
INDUSTRY
Cooperates
holding tight
rules, dealerby
education.
etc. to rationing
CIVILIAN
heating Cooking,Etc
-18%
101,000,000
BARRILO
CIVILIAN
heating Cooking Ets
222,300,000
SAMABLE
WAR USES
MILITARY
WAR USES
INDUSTRY
HAILROADS
FARMS FTC
MILITARY
INDUSTRY
+47%
FARMS TC
THE PUBLIC:
Is coming to a better and better understanding
that it takes two to make a Black Market.
THE GASOLINE BLACK MARKET IS MUCH SMALLER TODAY
THAN A YEAR AGO - BUT ITS FAR FROM LICKED
647 000000
440 600 000
BARRE LS
BARRELS
1944
1941
662, 900,00 O BARRELS 830,000.000BARRELS +251
51
50
TODAY FUEL OIL IS RATIONED
UNDER FUEL OIL RATIONING
IN AREAS OF THE COUNTRY
WHERE 94% OF THE FUEL
The essential war activities Railroads,
Industries, etc. get the amounts they
OIL IS CONSUMED.
need.
Local Boards issue enough coupons to
those who use oil for heating to take
care of their needs. as far as remaining
supplies allow.
THE AMOUNT TO EACH APPLICANT
IS DETERMINED BY :
6%
of total U.S.A
1. Size of building
2. Kind of heating equipment
3. Former use of oil
4. Climate
There is not enough fuel oil to take care
of wants, Only enough to meet needs. This
rationing system allows boards to estimate
real needs and ration accordingly.
52
53
CIVILIAN SUPPLY IS DOWN 18%
But many civilian users-hospitals
hotels,etc.--cannot be cut this
much. So fuel oil available for
STOVES
Stove Production was Sharply Cut
in July 1942, So That the Industry
Could Concentrate on War Goods
homes has been reduced on
the average to only two-thirds
of peacetime use.
2,459,000 STOVES SOLD
9,000,000 STOVES
YEAR ENDING SEPT. 30,1944
AVERAGE PRE-WAR SALES
Thus Consumers Had to Get Along
with Less than 1/3 of the Normal
Supply of Stoves
54
55
STOVES WERE RATIONED
STOVE RATIONING USES
THE CERTIFICATE SYSTEM
Oil and coal fired heating stoves
The Local Board issues a
were rationed in December 1942 to:
certificate entitling the applicant
Prevent increased drain on oil supplies
Reserve the stoves for the most urgent needs
All wood.gas. and other stoves
were rationed in August 1943,
to distribute the short supply to
people with the most essential needs.
Coal and wood heating and cooking
stoves were removed from rationing
in October 1944.
56
to buy a stove of a given type
if the applicant is eligible in
terms of:
Need for such a stove
Unavailability of other cooking
and heating facilities
Impossibility of repairing
present stove
57
Rationing Has Played a Large
Part in Distributing the Available
Stove Supply Evenly over the Country.
Many stove manufacturers converted
100) % to production of war goods.
Those that remained had to supply
areas they had never before covered.
Under Rationing, stoves have been
kept moving to the places where
SHOES
War's great demand for
LEATHER made shoe
rationing necessary.
Although leather production
has increased greatly during
the war, almost HALF goes to
meet war needs.
22,900,000 CATTLE HIDES
IN 1944
CIVILIAN
WAR
56%
44%
holders of ration certificates
And of the better leathers,
needed them.
an even smaller percent goes
to civilian users.
58
59
Because of Military Needs
for Leather. the Supply of
Leather Shoes for Civilians
DROPPED 1/3 between 1941 and 1944
INVENTORIES HAVE
DECLINED MORE THAN 40%
SINCE RATIONING BEGAN
JAN. 1, 1945
JAN.1,1943
1941
369,000,000 PAIRS OF TYPES
DC
C
109,000,000
NOW RATIONED
NON-RATIONED
TYPES
147 MILLION PAIRS
254 MILLION PAIRS
1944
256,000,000 PAIRS OF
160,000,000
TYPES NOW RATIONED
NON- RATIONED
TYPES
With needs for special types. such
as safety shoes, special health and
hardship rations. etc., this rate is
So
shoes have been rationed
to the public faster than they
could be replaced, and shoes
will continue in short supply until
more leather becomes available.
LESS THAN TWO PAIRS A YEAR PER PERSON !
60
61
MEAT
SUPPLIES INCREASED 23%
FROM 1941 to 1944 BUT
MILITARY NEEDS INCREASED 238%
DURING THE WAR YEARS
CIVILIANS HAVE EATEN
MORE MEAT THAN BEFORE
THE WAR.
150
148.2
141
141.4
137.9
25.3 BILLION LBS.
136.2
20.6 BILLION LBS.
POUNDS
MILITARY 2%
I PER
MILITARY as
PERSON
125.6
125
35-39
40
42
41
43
44
CIVILIAN
CIVILIAN
76%
912%
But with higher wartime incomes,
1944
1941
unchecked demand for meat
would have been much higher,
perhaps near to 170 pounds in
1944.
63
62
RATIONING OF MEAT HELPS
TO MOVE SUPPLIES TO THE
CORNERS OF THE COUNTRY.
Areas where plenty of meat is
produced share with areas far
from the point of production.
AVAILABLE MEAT PRODUCTION
IS LIMITED
SHEEP
CATTLE
HOGS
PACKING HOUSE
000000
00000000000
WITHOUT
RATIONING
Sometimes great numbers of animals
seek market at once.
Packing house output IS limited by:
1- Plant capacity
2- Available manpower
3. Freezing facilities
Thus, the meat supply is determined by
packing house output, not by animal
population available for market.
WITH
RATIONING.
65
64
OPA Makes a Number of 10 Point
Before May 4. 1944, when most MeatFats Items were rationed
Stamps Good Each Month for the
Red Point Program
The points in consumers' hands
must balance the point values of
all the meat to be bought in a
RATIONED
EACH CONSUMER RECEIVED
15 RED POINTS EACH WEEK
SUPPLIES
After May 4. 1944, with 57% of the former
rationed supply removed from rationing
month.
EACH CONSUMER RECEIVED
RED POINTS EACH WEEK
OPA may raise or lower point values of
different meats
Or validate more or fewer stamps to maintain
this balance.
COST IN
RATION BUVING POWER
RATION CURRENCY
Total points avail.
After January 1.1945, when most formerly
rationed meats were restored to
Total point value of
able in consumers
hands each month
all meet to be
rationing
bought in month
EACH CONSUMER RECEIVED
Rationed
12 1/2 RED POINTS EACH WEEK
15%
Not
FOR INSTANCE
Rationed
67
66
TOKENS are used for the Meat
Fats Program to provide an easy
quick means of making change.
Fewer Stamps need to be validated.
5 Ten-point stamps with tokens now do
the work of 12 stamps without tokens:
This saves the handling of almost
ONE BILLION stamps a month by
consumers and dealers.
It already has saved the taxpayers
TWO MILLION DOLLARS in the cost of
printing new ration books.
In October and November, 1944, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics found when
it checked retail meat supplies that:
1/3 were out of rationed beef
1/4 were out of non-rationed beef.
1/2 were out of pork loins and hams
2 out of 3 had no bacon.
FURTHER
For the first months of 1945, it
was estimated that meat will
be from 10% to 15% less.
These conditions brought about
broader meat rationing in Dec. 1944.
69
68
*
PROCESSED FOODS
The Civilian Supply in 1944-45
was drastically cut for all major
The production of Processed
processed food items.
Foods reached an all-time
peak in 1944, but civilian
supplies* are less than any
time since the war began.
CANNED FRUIT
1941 53.3
1944- 22.1
MILLION
CASES
1944-41%
CANNED VEGETABLES
1941 -115.4
1944-73.5
MILLION
CASES,
1941-2*
1944-5*
371 MILLION
348 MILLION
CASES
CASES
CIVILIAN
93%
CANNED JUICES
1941 66.7
1944 38.2
MILLION
CASES
CIVILIAN
59%
CANNED SPECIALTIES
(Soups, Baby Foods,etc.)
1941 87.3 MILLION
CASES
1944-86.7
JULY 1 TO JULY 1
+ July 1, to July
allocated from 70 the yearly pack
..........
1941
1944-64%
PROTALY
MILITARY
I
1941
1941
1944-57%
1941
1944-99%
#allocated from 71 the yearly pack.
139
MOST PROCESSED FOODS ARE
Each month Blue points are issued
PRODUCED DURING A SHORT PERIOD
equal to the point value of supplies
available for that month.
EACH YEAR MUST LASTUNTIL
THE END OF THE PACK YEAR
Point values are adjusted to
retain this balance.
MOST PRODUCTION
STARTS IN
FOR EXAMPLE:
AND MUST LAST UNTIL
JULY
AUG
1944
JUNE
SEPT.
1945
1944
ULY
AUG.
1945
If canned corn becomes more plentiful,
945
So Inventories must not only be
apportioned SO that each indi-
vidual gets his fair share,
BUT ALSOMust be spread throughout
the remaining pack year
points for corn go down : or if canned
peas are more scarce, points on peas go up
HOWEVER
When points on one commodity go
down, points must be raised on one or
more of the other commodites to absorb the purchasing power SO released.
This maintains the balance between
points and supplies.
73
72
56
ON DECEMBER 1. 1944
canned fruit and vegetable
stocks were % less than
on December 1.1943.
As it was unlikely that any
additional supplies could be
made available for civilian
use until the summer of
1945 , broader canned goods
rationing was put into effect
late in December . 1944.
DAIRY PRODUCTS
Milk Production is up 14% over
Prewar Levels.
But with consumption of milk and milk
products higher, less remains for production
of butter.
TOTAL PRODUCTION FOR CIVILIAN AND MILITARY NEEDS
121 BILLION
POUNDS
106 BILLION
OTHER 22.0%
POUNDS
OTHER IT.S %
FLUID MILK
AND
FLUID MILK
CREAM
AND
44.6 %
CREAM
41.5 %
Only in this way could
supplies be made to last.
BUTTER
BUTTER
35.4 %
40.9 %
1943
1935-39
74
. 1944 FIGURES NOT AVAILABLE
75
WARTIME INCOMES AND HEAVY
MILITARY DEMANDS INCREASE
THE USE OF FLUID MILK LIKE THIS:
DAIRY PRODUCTS MUST GO
TO THE MILITARY LARGELY
IN NON-PERISHABLE FORM
1943*
1935-39
25
20
The Military Took This Much
of These Products in 1944:
BILLION
BILLION
QUARTS
QUARTS
1,544 Million lbs.
MILITARY
84%
16%
And the use of manufactured
dairy products other than butter
286 Million lbs.
for War Needs
BUTTER
413 Million lbs.
for Civilians
MILITARY
48%
is up like this:
for Civilians
CIVILIAN
CIVILIAN
377 Million lbs.
52%
for War Needs
1943 *
AMERICAN (cheddar) CHEESE
1,861 Million lbs.
1935-39
22 BILLION
15 BILLION
POUNDS
POUNDS
MILITARY
CIVILIAN
47%
53%
for Civilians
1,619 Million lbs.
for War Needs
CANNED MILK
1944 figures not available
77
76
1
DRINK MILK OR EAT BUTTER
?
12 pounds of butter per year
means more like 5/8 of a
pound per month for YOU
(unless you make your own butter!)
BEFORE THE WAR (1935-39)
The average civilian consumed 158 ats of Milk & Cream
and 16 lbs. of Butter per yr.
12 Lbs
Total supply (per person per year)
Less Farm Butter produced
and used on the Farm 24 Lbs
IN 1944
The average civilian consumed 191 qts. of Milk & Cream
but only. 12 lbs. of Butter
OR he could have consumed 158 ats of Milke Cream
and 15 % lbs. of Butter
Less Industrial, Restaurant uses 21 lbs
-4.5lbs
Supply for home use (per
7.5lbs
person per year)
BUT
with incomes so high, acute
shortages of milk would have occurred
Milk would have required rationing
This means 5/8 of a pound
might have suffered.
per month for each person.
as well as butter and nutrition
79
78
Not all consumers want or need
the same amounts of butter.
ON DECEMBER 1.1944
civilian butter supplies in storage
Some persons prefer more butter. less
meat, cheese. or other red-point items.
Others get along with less butter, and use
and in stores were lower than
at anytime during the war.
90% of stores reported they were
"out of batter half the time or more.
more points for meat or other items.
So butter point value was raised
Thus, the point system is flexible.
Thus, even though the combined supplies of
these items is substantially lower than in
to 24 to slow down demand
and help spread the supplies
more evenly over the country.
24
POINTS
prewar years. the point system allows some
freedom of choice for the purchase of these
BUTTER
scarce foods.
81
80
MILITARY NEEDS CUT
SUGAR
CIVILIAN SUPPLIES STILL FURTHER
War Has Made Deep Cuts in
Sugar Production and Imports.
SUGAR USED
SUGAR USED
IN 1941
IN 1944
7.4 MILLION
TONS
7.4 MILLION
TONS
TOTAL
MILITARY
ALLIES
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
TOTAL
13 MILLION TONS
6,955,000
PHILIPPINES
TONS
I
M
I
P
M
CUBA
CIVILIAN
CUBA
o
P
-
6.1MILLION
TONS
o
R
T
S
R
PUERTO
T
RICO
PUERTO
HAWAII
RICO
S
HAWAII
STREET
CANE SUGAR
M
E
CANE SUGAR
BEET
SUGAR
BEET
1941
1944
SUGAR
*Includes 450,000 tons from inventories.
83
82
,
food uses dropped from
EVEN WITH RATIONING
our Sugar Stocks Declined
xxx
104 POUNDS PER PERSON IN 1941
TO
x xx
2, 613,000
TONS
XXX
1761,000
TONS
xxx
***
1800,000
TOMS
POUNDS PER PERSON IN 1944
This includes sugar consumed in
manufactured products such as
pies, cakes, candies, canned goods
and that used in home-canning
and in public eating places, as
well as table sugar.
84
DEC.31
DEC.31
DEC. 31
1939
1943
1944
Thus with predicted supplies for
civilians in 1945 lower than 1944,
we began the year with the lowest
stocks on hand of any war year.
85
:
88
:
Thus, sugar for all civilian
STOCKS OF
RATIONING PROVIDES FOR
SUGAR RUN DOWN FROM
distributing sugar fairly among
FOUR MAIN GROUPS
JANUARY TO OCTOBER
THOMAS
TOTAL SUGAR STOCKS 1944
TOME
TOMS
1500
1500
1400
1400
1500
1300
1200
1200
1100
1100
1000
1000
000
900
800
800
700
TOO
600
600
500
500
JAN FEB. MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT. NOV DEC
8% OF
550,000
RESTAURANT
EATING PLACES
CIVILIAN USE IN 1944
25 MILLION
APPLICATIONS
16%
FOR FAMILY
88
HOME CANNING
Domestic Sugar is produced mainly from
September to January.
132 MILLION
27%
RATION BOOK
HOLDERS
BUT these stocks must last through the
non-producing periods, particularly summer
when sugar is used heavily for canning.
125,000 BAKERS
CANNERS AND
OTHER
49%
CARSY
proof
MANUFACTURERS
PIES
86
87
THESE GROUPS GET THEIR
In December 1944 There Were
SUGAR RATIONS THIS WAY
Stamps Outstanding
2t Months Worth of Old Food
OPA had either to add these to the
Local Boards issue ration books con-
new 1945 stamps
taining sugar stamps to every consumer.
If they were added there would have
been 14 1 months worth of rationing
Local Boards issue coupons for home
canning sugar on the basis of
applications showing amounts needed.
Local Boards issue allotments to
hotels, restaurants, etc., according
to a percentage of base-period use
or cancel them
currency to buy 12 month's supply of
rationed food. In that case it would have
been necessary to issue fewer stamps, or
increase point values further. thus sharply
cutting rations of those who use stamps
on a current basis.
In dividing fairly the 1945 supply. OPA
could not reduce the ration of the majority
in order to give holders of old stamps an
and number of meals served.
extra share of the lower supply.
District Offices issue allotments to
Criticism was bound to ensue from some.
But only by such cancellation would there
be a fair distribution of the 1945 supply
canners, bakers, and other industrial users
of these rationed foods.
according to a percentage of base-period use.
88
89
IN CONCLUSION
In this war, production records
by farmer, by working man,
by manufacturer-have reached
undreamt of heights. That's true
of commodities for both the
military and civilians
But. because of war needs, it
is clear that in certain essential commodities, supplies for
civilians are substanially
ON TOP OF THAT
People have more money than ever
before, and thus demand for scarce
civilian supplies like meat, sugar, gasoline,
etc., is far higher than ever before.
So, in most of these scarce commodities,
even civilian supplies at pre-war
levels would not suffice to meet
high wartime demand.
PEACETIME
WARTIME
DEMAND
SUPPLIES
DEMAND
lower than in prewar years.
SUPPLIES
90
91
If uncontolled Demand were to outrun
Supply in rationed commodities
Essential foods would be denied many
people because those with time or
money to buy, and those near production centers would get the lion's share.
Basically That is Why
Congress Authorized
Rationing
The transportation system dependent on
Rationing of Scarce Essential
Commodities is a Necessity-
passenger cars would break down.
Fuel oil essential for heating homes,
would be available only to some.
so long as demand far
outstrips supply.
Some would get several pairs of shoes.
Many would go without. etc. etc.
And the only result could be
Rationing is a consequence
of Total War!
1. Severe hardship here at home.
It is a vital aid to winning
2. Serious breakdown of war production.
3. A total war effort far short of the needs
the war and returning our
of our fighting Men around the world.
boys from the battlefronts.
92
93
NO ONE CAN TELL (cont.)
NO ONE CAN TELL
3. By making every effort to care
just when supplies of each of these
scarce commodities again will come
close to demand.
for your share of short supplies
your automobile, tires, stoves and shoes
and
seeing that none of your
food
is by
wasted.
Until They Do
4. By never asking for, or accepting rationed
goods without giving retion currency
In exchange and by reporting at once
any illegal use of ration currency to
your Local Board or OPA District Office.
each American can play a major
part in supporting the Armed Forces
by helping to make rationing work
by helping to see that these scarce
supplies are distributed fairly and on
the basis of greatest need
5. By helping to explain facts about rationing
Here's how you con support rationing:
6 By patience and understanding with
1. By living up to the letter
and the spirit of rationing
to your family, friends and neighbors.
your Local Board members who have
volunteered for a hard, often unpleasant,
rules
2. By requesting only such
rations as you really need.
7.
wartime job.
And if possible by volunteering your
time to help your Local Board see that
each person and each family gets a
fair share of nationed commodities
-now scarce because America is at
Total War.
95
94
140
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION
DATE 1/24/45
TO
FROM
Secretary Morgenthau
Mr. White
HPW
FOR ACTION
You will recall that in December 1943 the Chase
National Bank was indicted, together with Leonard J. A.
Smit and his companies, for violations of the freezing
Order. At that time a hue and cry was raised by
Mr. Aldrich that we were dealing with technical violations,
even though Chase's activities enabled Smit to send industrial diamonds to the Axis. In August 1944 Mr. Smit and
his companies pleaded guilty and paid fines to the Government in excess of $100,000 and Leonard Smit himself was
given and has served a prison sentence.
However, the Department of Justice has not attempted
to bring the Chase National Bank to trial and in fact has
consented to several postponements. It would be detrimental to our enforcement of the freezing control if this
case were not prosecuted. It is the opinion of the Legal
Staff that inasmuch as the alleged violet ions occurred
prior to Pear] Harbor, it would be preferable to try this
case as soon as possible - the chances of a successful
prosecution would be lessened by the cessation of hosti-
lities in Europe.
We would like to discuss with you the desirability
of raising with the Attorney General the question of an
expeditious trial in this case. We suggest you send a
letter like the appended to the Attorney General 1f and
when you think it propitious.
(not attached)
Attachment.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION
DATE
January 24, 1945
TO
FROM
The Secretary of the Treasury
Mr. Chambers (Secretary's Representative on
the Committee of Alternates,
Foreign-Trade Zones Board)
Attached hereto is the annual report of the
Foreign-Trade Zones Board for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1944. I have gone over the report carefully and recommend it for your signature as a
member of the Board.
Robert Chambers
JSHnt
Prese
Annual Report
FOREIGN-TRADE ZONES BOARD
Fiscal Year Ended
June 30, 1944
=
Treasury Copy
143
FOREIGN-TRADE ZONES BOARD
Jesse H. Jones, Secretary of Commerce,
Chairman.
Henry L. Stimson,
Secretary of War
Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,
Secretary of the Treasury
Thos. E. Lyons,
Executive Secretary
Committee of Alternates
South Trimble, Jr., Chairman,
Solicitor, Department of Commerce.
Robert Chambers, Chief Counsel,
Bureau of Customs, Treasury Department.
Brig. Gen. John J. Kingman, Corps of Engineers,
U.S. Army, War Department.
Room 5872
Department of Commerce Building,
Washington, D. C.
144
FOREIGN-TRADE ZONES BOARD,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
January 15, 1945.
TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:
The Foreign-Trade Zones Board has the honor to submit herewith
its Annual Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1944, together
with a copy of the Annual Report of the City of New York covering
the operation of Foreign-Trade Zone No. 1, for the Calendar Year of
1943.
Legislation providing for the establishment of foreign=trade
sones in the United States to expedite and encourage foreign
commerce, was enacted during the 2nd Session of the 73rd Congress
(48 Stat. 998, 1003). The act also created the Foreign-Trade Zones
Board consisting of the Secretaries of Commerce, War and Treasury,
to administer its provisions. The first named was designated as
chairman. This legislation, known as the Celler Act, authorised
both public and private corporations to make applications to the
Board for the privilege of establishing, operating and maintaining
foreign-trade sones. Private corporations, and in some instances
public corporations, must first obtain authority for filing an
application from the legislature of the state in which it is
proposed to establish a zone.
The purpose of the statute is to provide enclosed and policed
areas, under Federal supervision, in or adjacent to ports of entry
where foreign and domestic merchandise may be landed without
application of the Customs laws. In a sone goods may be stored,
processed or otherwise manipulated, but not manufactured or exhibited,
and may be exported or brought into custome territory subject to the
laws and regulations of the United States affecting imported
merchandise.
Although legislation permitting the establishment of foreigntrade sones in our ports of entry has been on the statute books for
the past decade, the New York Foreign-Trade Zone was the only facility
established and in operation at the close of the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1944. Failure of other American gateway ports to take
145
-2advantage of providing these customs free areas in their respective
harbors may be attributed to several causes which follow one
another. That is to say, during the years immediately following
the passage of the Celler Act, officials in most of our ports seemed
content to let New York perform the pioneer work and to await the
resulting outcome of the operations of the Staten Island ForeignTrade Zone before investing substantial sums in similar facilities.
Established in 1937, the New York Foreign-Trade Zone increased
its activities progressively each year until early in 1942 when a
substantial part of the sone area was taken over for war purposes.
Foreign trade sone activities were transferred to North River piers
in Manhattan where many operations formerly carried on at the
Staten Island site were continued.
When the New York Foreign-Trade Zone had progressed beyond the
experimental stage, both commercially and financially, its admitted
success prompted officials of several other major ports to reappraise
the advantages of establishing similar facilities in their own
harbors. By that time, however, the European War had already
dislocated world trade and later on, following Pearl Harbor, all
available port facilities were acquired or occupied with our own war
demands. This situation linked with the shortage of critical material
for commercial construction, therefore, necessitated further postponement of plans for establishing several additional foreign-trade sones
which previously had been announced by local harbor officials.
Ports which have applications for foreign-trade sones pending
with the Foreign-Trade Zones Board include New Orleans, La., San
Francisco, Cal., Houston, Texas and San Juan, Puerto Rico. While the
Houston and San Juan applications are presently inactive, harbor
officials at San Francisco recently advised the Foreign-Trade Zones
Board that they were prepared to proceed with the establishment of a
foreign-trade sone at San Francisco as soon as war conditions permit.
Plans for establishing a foreign-trade sone in the Port of New
Orleans are rapidly taking definite form. In addition to submitting
all the necessary exhibits in support of the application, the Board
of Commissioners for the Port of New Orleans has selected a proposed
foreign-trade sone site on the Industrial Canal and a hearing on the
project is scheduled to be held early in 1945.
Aside from the foregoing applications for foreign-trade sones,
several other port commities are carefully considering this facility
as a part of their general port improvement and replacement program.
Port officials generally seem convinced that vital commercial shipping
facilities which were acquired for war purposes will be retained by
146
-3
the military for servicing oversees forces long after the close of
hostilities. These officials feel that such facilities must be
replaced without delay with other ocean terminals if their respective
harbors are to maintain their competitive positions with other ports
at home and abroad.
In planning port improvements, harbor engineers should remember
that our postwar fleet will be far larger than our prowar merchant
marine and will consist of larger and faster ships. This advantage
of speed and carrying capacity will be lost unless adequate terminals,
designed for quick turn-around of ships, are provided in our ports.
The more fact that a port's vessel berthing capacity may be measured
in miles means little unless this capacity represents facilities
capable of meeting the needs of modern commerce and shipping. Port
authorities should not overlook the fact that many of the world's
greatest ports have been totally destroyed during the present war.
When these ports are rebuilt, probably they will be equipped with
every modern device for the economical handling of cargo and the
dispatching of ships.
As a carollary, it appears even of greater importance to point
out that much of the world's so-called colonial trade - running into
millions of tons and valued at billions of dollars - has heretofore
relied for redistribution on ports and other facilities rased by the
ravages of war. As this traffic will be resumed long before part
facilities can be rebuilt and channels of distribution restored, a
substantial part of this trade will perforce seek at least a temporary
haven here. Traffic diverted from hostile areas might well be
retained to our advantage provided our ports are equipped to handle
this business economically.
Officials of major American ports who share the responsibility
for developing our foreign trade should not underestimate the
potentialities of the foreign-trade sone for attracting and holding
transshipment and re-export trade. Although showing brief promise
at the conclusion of World War I, it can be stated with assurance
that the United States has not enjoyed transshipment, re-export and
consignment business mainly for the reason that we have failed to
provide adequate facilities for servicing this class of trade.
Excessive port expenses resulting from multiple cargo handlings and
transfers along with costly formalities stifled the development of
this lucrative traffic.
Shipside storage and more extensive use of mechanical equipment
including pallets for the handling and warehousing of large units
of packaged merchandise will reflect considerable reductions in
terminal costs of cargo intended for re-export or transshipment.
-4While the foregoing facilities should be regarded as standard equipment at all deep water terminals, the foreign-trade sone has the
added advantage of reducing the cost of surveillance. The provisions in the Act for the stabilisation of charges are an added
protection for shippers who intend to utilise a sone's facilities
for extended periods. Improved banking facilities and a better
knowledge of world trade on the part of our merchants and traders
also augur for future success in this field.
NEW YORK FOREIGN-TRADE ZONE
Although conditions for carrying on world trade have been
materially altered since our entry into the war, the New York
Foreign-Trade Zone continued to serve a useful function in the
interest of commerce of the Port of New York and of the nation.
The transfer early in 1942 of sone functions from the original
Staten Island location to temporary quarters on Manhattan piers
has also retarded the normal growth of the sone. Another problem
developed about the middle of 1943, when a pier which comprised a
substantial part of the temporary sone area was acquired for war
purposes (1943 annual report). Later on one of the piers
(#75 North River, Manhattan) initially selected as a part of the
temporary sone was found to be unsuited for foreign-trade sone
purposes. By Order No. 10, dated November 18, 1943, at the request
of the New York City officials, the Board directed the withdrawal
of this pier from the sone area (see appendix). Despite these
handicaps, however, the sone has been able to continue many important
activities and in some instances has actually undertaken new services.
While the 1943 report of the New York Foreign-Trade Zone, the
latest available, states that "considerable business has been lost
to the sone because of the lack of accommodations", the report also
reveals several interesting instances which reflect the shifting
trends in world trade resulting from a global war. For example,
during 1943 more than five million pounds of cotton thread valued at
$6,000,000. were shipped from the United Kingdom to the New York
Foreign-Trade Zone and then redistributed to 26 foreign countries,
including all Latin America, Soviet Russia and British West Africa.
Another significant trade development revealed by the City's
report on the Foreign-Trade Zone concerned the purchase by African
natives of large quantities of cotton piece goods and singlets from
Mexican mills. Lack of direct services between Mexico and African
ports resulted in a considerable part of this merchandise being
trans-shipped at the New York Foreign-Trade Zone during the year
-51943. Prior to the war Japan had supplied the natives of Africa
with these articles.
The report of the New York Foreign-Trade Zone shows that
during 1943 Switserland sent substantial quantities of aniline
dyes to the sone for sampling and re-export to Central and South
American countries, Africa and New Zealand. During the same
period, large consignments of burlap sugar bags from India were
held in the sone awaiting trans-shipment to Cuba, Nicaragua and
Iceland.
The handling of Sunatra tobacco continued to be an important
operation at the foreign-trade sone. More than 100 persons were
employed in the tobacco warehouse erected by the Dutch growers at
the Staten Island sone site. The contents of each bale of tobacco
is carefully examined and all substandard leaves removed.
Originally this rejected tobacco was destroyed but recently a
foreign market has been developed for this commodity.
The right to store and manipulate imported liquors in the
foreign-trade sone without regulation by the New York State Liquor
Authority was clearly defined in an opinion of the Appellate
Division of the Supreme Court of New York County. In During vs.
Valente, decided February 11, 1944, the court said:
"The imposition of these (N. Y. Alcoholic
Beverage Control Law) complicated regula-
tions upon foreign commerce in liquor within
trade sones would not only interfere with
the exclusive control of Congress over this
commerce but would seriously impair, if not
defeat, the purpose for which these sones
were established."
Summary of Operations and Fiscal Condition
Although the total amount of warehouse space available for
storage and manipulation was reduced by 80% as compared with
similar facilities at the original Staten Island sone, the 1943
operating revenues amounted to $504,709.95 . This was only 25%
less than the $691,000 gross income for the last full year's
operation on Staten Island. The operating and administrative
expense for 1943 amounted to $385,735.64. This sum included the
cost of customs service which has been substantially increased
due to the necessity of policing three widely scattered sone areas.
It also included the sone operating company's profit which the
149
-6City continued to carry as an administrative expense. The net
operating profit to the City for 1943 amounted to $128,049.31
In 1943, 194 different commodities from 51 foreign countries
were received at the sone. While the tonnage of foreign goods
re-exported was lower in 1943, its value, $14,453,355. was the
highest in the some's history.
Cargo received in the sone in 1943 was transported by two
vessels engaged in foreign trade; 426 inland waterway and harbor
craft; 1,689 motor trucks; 3 rail cars and 8 parcel post and
hand lot deliveries.
The activities of the sone since January 1, 1940 are
reflected in the following data:
Merchandise Received
1942
1943
2,952
215,658
4,216
136,860
2,378
45,542
2,609
36,876
$83,431,000
$88,623,194
$36,894,635
$25,212,174
Lots
Short Tons
Value
1941
1940
The total tomage and value of merchandise forwarded from the
sone during the years 1942 and 1943, including exports, re-exports,
transshipments and imports were as follows:
1943
1942
Tonnage
Value
"
Domestic
Exported
Imported
Foreign Domestic Exported*
Imported*
31,237
31,644
8,651
1,345
1,158
13,174
87,209
Value
(Short Tons)
(Short Tons)
Foreign Goods Reexported
Imported
Tonnage
$12,817,244
18,253,468
6,204,805
16,685
20,606
$14,453,355
18,660,561
165
203,109
315,737
1,310
49,433
312,051
6,147,833
$43,942,196
-
468
39,234
1,494,365
$34,969,765
*Consists mainly of foreign merchandise repacked in domestic containers.
According to the New York Foreign-Trade Zone Report, in 1943
50% by weight and more than 60% by value of all foreign merchandise
forwarded from the sone was re-exported or transshipped abroad.
Similar figures for 1942 show re-exports and transchipments were
50% by weight and 40% by value of all foreign merchandise forwarded
from the sone to foreign countries.
150
-7Distribution of merchandise in 1943 from the sone to 67
countries amounted to 39,234 short tons, valued at approximately
$35,000,000 including that imported into the custome territory of
the United States which weighed 22,383 short tons and was valued
at $20,466,977. The merchandise remaining in the sone on
December 31, 1943 weighed 22,406 short tons and was valued at
$19,363,866 which was substantially the same tonnage but a con-
siderable decrease in the value of the merchandise in the zone at
the start of the year 1943. Merchandise shipped from the zone in
1943 was transshipped by one vessel engaged in foreign trade,
408 inland waterway and harbor craft, 3,630 motor trucks, 6 rail
cars and 79 messenger deliveries.
The following summary sets out the principal commodities and
leading countries of origin or destination of merchandise moving
through the New York Zone in 1943. Tonnages and values of specific
commodities are set out in the City's Annual Report.
In order, by value, the leading commodities handled at the sone
in 1943 were: cotton thread, watches, distilled spirits, watch move-
ments, cotton piece goods, cotton, sugar bags, woolens, tobacco, and
canned foodstuffs.
In order, by weight, the leading commodities handled at the
sone in 1943 were: distilled spirits, sugar bags, Babassu nuts,
sugar, earned foodstuffs, cotton thread, dried fish, cotton piece
goods, cotton and copra.
In order of importance, by weight, of merchandise received in
the sone, the leading countries of origin in 1943 were: Cuba,
British India, United Kingdom, United States, Brasil, Virgin Islands,
Canada, French Africa, Egypt and Mexico.
In order of importance, by value, of merchandise received in
the zone, the leading countries of origin in 1943 were: Switserland,
United Kingdom, Mexico, Cuba, Egypt, United States, Virgin Islands,
British India, Canada, and Netherlands East Indies.
In order of importance, by weight, of merchandise shipped from
the zone, the leading countries of destination in 1943 were: United
States, Cuba, British West Africa, Puerto Rice, Canada, Belgian
Congo, French West Indies, Mexico, Colombia and Chile.
In order of importance, by value, of merchandise shipped from
the sone, the leading countries of destination in 1943 were: United
States, Cube, Colombia, Chile, Belgian Congo, Venezuela, British
West Africa, Mexico, Canada and British India.
151
8Manipulation of Merchandise
According to the Deputy Collector in Charge, a number of
important manipulations and forms of processing covering numerous
commodities were carried on in the sone during the year. Despite
limited accommodations and restricted space, many importers found
it convenient to perform these activities in the foreign-trade sone.
Some of the principal types of manipulation included: maturing,
examining, reconditioning, sampling, weighing, destroying damaged
leaves and repacking tobacco; examining and replacing watch move-
ments for re-export via parcel post; examining, cutting, sampling,
combining part of different lots with domestic products and
repacking cotton and woolen piece goods for export; examining,
reconditioning and repacking raw cotton; the examining, sampling,
recoopering, bungfilling, gauging, affixing strip stamps on liquors
(brandy, run, wine and whiskey); examining, labeling, repacking
into domestic cartons and destroying and re-exporting rejects of
pork and beans, tomatoes and South American canned meats; trimming
leather; grading, cutting off fringes and repacking rugs and fringed
merchandise; examining, grading, and repacking fur skins; examining,
segregating, camphorising and repacking household effects; examining
and repacking pharmaceuticals; reduction of the alcoholic content
of toilet water.
Customer Revenue
The collection of customs duties and excise taxes on merchandise
imported into customer territory from the sone during 1943, amounted
to $11,285,623.00. For the previous years 1940, 1941 and 1942, the
amounts were $1,931,296; $2,867,352 and $1,998,851.70 respectively.
The huge increase in the collection of customs revenue is due to the
fact that importers of spirits have found the zone of considerable
advantage for the handling of this commodity prior to custome entry.
Aid to the War Effort
The Deputy Collector in Charge of the Zone also reported that
95 steamships and 4,170 lighters, engaged in war work, used the sone
piers for berthing space only without any zone lading or unlading.
The steamships were accomodated through an arrangement with the
War Shipping Administration because of the lack of berthing facilities
at piers in customs territory. While in the sone these vessels
discharged ballast, took on stores, and underwent repairs.
152
COMMERCIAL INTERESTS
Broader knowledge of the functions and advantages of the
foreign-trade sone - gleaned from actual results at the New York
Zone - has prompted an increased number of national, regional and
local trade and civic associations to urge other ports to provide
similar facilities for expanding world trade.
Early in 1944 the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce restated
its long standing approval of the foreign-trade sone principle and
urged the local harbor commission to proceed with the establishment
of a foreign-trade zone at San Francisco as soon as a suitable site
is selected. The International Business Conference at Rye, New
York in November 1944, recommended that additional foreign-trade
sone facilities be provided in important World Ports and the
Mississippi Valley Association at its 1944 annual meeting, by
resolution urged modernisation of our ports and recommended the
creation of additional foreign-trade sones. For the fifth consecutive year, the Final Declaration of the National Foreign Trade
Convention approved the New York Foreign-Trade. Zone operation and
recommended that other seaports provide similar facilities.
The Facific Coast Association of Port Authorities and the
American Association of Port Authorities at their respective meetings
this year, adopted resolutions endorsing the principle of foreign=
trade somes. The resolution of the Pacific Coast Association also
urged that Congress amend the Foreign-Trade Zones Act to permit
manufacturing and exhibiting.
The Seattle Chamber of Commerce is cooperating with the
Washington State World Commerce Commission in studying the possible
advantages which might accrue to the Pacific Northwest by the establishment of a foreign-trade zone on Puget Sound. The Foreign Trade
Association of Southern California, after a detailed investigation,
recently recommended to the local Harbor Commission that a foreign=
trade zone be established in the Los Angeles harbor area.
BOARD'S ACTIVITIES DURING THE FISCAL YEAR
No questions requiring formal consideration were presented to
the Board during the fiscal year. The Board acted informally on a
number of matters concerning the administration of the New York Zone,
including approval of the Mayor's petition to withdraw Pier #75,
North River, from the sone area. The Committee of Alternates held
a number of meetings during the year to consider matters resulting
153
: 10 -
from the temporary relocating of the New York Foreign-Trade Zone.
The Committee of Alternates also ordered a hearing and report on
the application filed by the Board of Commissioners Port of New
Orleans, for the establishment of a foreign-trade zone at New
Orleans.
LEGISLATION
No proposed legislation designed either to extend or restrict
the activities of foreign-trade sones was introduced in the Second
Session of the 78th Congress.
At its last session, the Virginia State Legislature approved
a bill which would authorise public corporations to apply for
permission to establish and operate foreign-trade sones in the
Hampton Roads area. This legislation was sponsored by the Hampton
Roads Maritime Exchange.
pl
Jerse
H.Jones
Secretary
of Commerce,
Chairman, Foreign-Trade Zones Board.
(Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr.
Secretary of the Treasury.
Secretary of War.
154
APPENDIX
ORDER NO. 10
IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK TO
WITHDRAW PIER #75, NORTH RIVER, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN,
FROM THE AREA DESIGNATED AS FOREIGN-TRADE ZONE #1.
Pursuant to the authority contained in the Act of June
18, 1934, (48 Stat. 998; 19 U. S. C. 81-a - 81-u), the Foreign-
Trade Zones Board has adopted the following order which is
promulgated for the information and guidance of all concerned:
Order #8, Foreign-Trade Zones Board, effective March 23,
1942 (7-F.R. 2883) authorised the City of New York, in addition
to other designated locations, to establish foreign-trade sone
facilities on Piers Nos. 72, 73, 74, 75 and adjacent uplands,
N. R., Manhattan.
Upon application of the City of New York, through its Mayor,
F. H. LaGuardia, dated November 18, 1943, the Foreign-Trade Zones
Board herewith withdraws all foreign=trade zone privileges
extended by Order #8 to Pier #75 and adjacent upland, N. R.,
Manhattan.
This Order is effective November 18, 1943.
Jesse H. Jones,
Secretary of Commerce,
Chairman, Foreign-Trade Zones Board.
(SEAL)
155
January 24, 1945
Dear Mr. Grew:
I am sending you, in strictest confidence, a photostat of the memorandum signed
by the President on January 18th, in regard
to the proposed legislative program in the
foreign affairs field.
Sincerely yours,
(Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr.
The Honorable Joseph C. Grew,
Acting Secretary of State,
State Department,
Washington, D.C.
156
January 24, 1945
Dear Mr. Smith:
I am sending you, in strictest confidence, a photostat of the memorandum signed
by the President on January 18th in regard
to the proposed legislative program in the
foreign affairs field.
Sincerely yours,
(Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr.
The Honorable Harold D. Smith,
Director,
Bureau of the Budget,
Washington, D.C.
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
WASHINGTON
January 18, 1945
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
Subject: Proposed Legislative Program
There is urgent need for a comprehensive and
unified program for legislation in the foreign affairs
field. There is also urgent need for a small cabinet
committee to sift proposals and methods and to make
recommendations to you.
The central factor on the Hill will be the struggle
over the prerogatives of the Senate -- whether in any
given case action should be by treaty, legislation, or
executive agreement. Uncoordinated and unplanned action
may produce a major controversy which will defeat many
measures.
The following matters may come up at this Session:
Dumbarton Oaks proposals, after a United Nations
Conference.
Bretton Woods proposals.
Extension of, and further funds for, the ExportImport Bank.
Repeal of the Johnson Act and similar provisions
affecting the Export-Import Bank.
Extension of the Trade Agreements Act.
Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement.
St. Lawrence Seaway.
Food
-Food and Agriculture Organization.
United Nations organization on education.
Civil Aviation Agreements.
Privileges and immunities for international
organizations.
We need a cabinet general staff to recommend
priority, timing, and a unified theory of constitutional
powers.
We recommend that:
1. The Secretaries of State and Treasury and the
Director of the Budget be authorized to constitute such
a committee with authority as the need arises to consult
with the heads of other interested agencies.
2. Introduction of St. Lawrence Seaway legislation
be postponed until the question of the form of the
legislation can be worked out, and the legislation be
not brought up until the whole program has been further
developed.
3. Since the United Nations Conference on the
Dumbarton Oaks proposals cannot meet before Spring and
complete a document for ratification until late April
or May, legislation on some of the listed matters should
be sought before then.
4. At the earliest possible date there should be
initiated the action necessary to adopt the Bretton Woods
proposals. A draft message to Congress on Bretton Woods
should be promptly submitted by the committee to you.
- 5. The proposed committee should give immediate
consideration to the time and method of initiating action
on the
-3--
on the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Export-
Import Bank and other matters.
6. The Foreign Relations Committee should be
advised officially that the Dumbarton Oaks proposals
will be submitted to the Senate as a treaty.
7. The committee should proceed on the basis of
this general outline and make concrete recommendations
to you on a case-by-case basis.
If you approve the proposals made in this memorandum,
there is attached a draft of a letter you might send to
the other departments and agencies concerned.
Thank
Munuthan
Secretary of State
Secretary of the Treasury
Director, Bureau of the Budget
Enclosure:
Draft of letter
D.K. butedd Villace
7th
DRAFT
:
Dear Mr.
I have appointed a committee to make plans and
recommendations concerning priority, timing, and manner
of submission for a legislative program in the foreign
affairs field. The committee consists of the Secretary of State, Chairman, the Secretary of the Treasury,
and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, who have
been authorized as the need arises to consult with
the heads of other interested agencies.
I know that I may count on your full cooperation
with this committee in its work.
Very sincerely yours,
New York Times, January 24, 1945
At Least a Reminder to Chinese
GREW SPURS CHINA
TO GAIN HER UNITY
The statement was considered at
least a reminder to both Chung-
king and the Communists that our
good offices were available for an
accord that would bring all China's
forces together in the struggle
against Japan.
U.S. "Lending Its Best Efforts'
for a Chungking-Communist
Agreement, He Says
Mr. Grew reiterated his repeated
warnings that we must guard
against any idea of concluding a
compromise peace with Japan,
when asked if the State Department had any information concern-
Special to THE New Year TIMES
WASHINGTON Jan. 23-Joseph
c. Grew, Acting Secretary of State,
said today that the United States
"has been lending its best efforts
to promote an agreement between
Generalissimo Chiang Kal-shek and
the Chinese Communists Such an
agreement, he said, would be "very
gratifying" to this country.
Mr. Grew made the announce
ment in the form of a reply to a
question at his press conference
concerning a report that an agree-
ment had been reached between the
Chungking Government and the
Chinese Communists
Oneconfirmation
Department
has
from
ourreceived
Embassy
at Chungking of the report to
which you refer of a KuomingtangCommunist agreement," Mr. Grew
stated. "It would be very gratifying to us to learn of the consum-
mation of such an agreement. We
earnestly desire the development of
a strong and united China.
"To that end this Government
ing the apparent growing political
crisis in Japan. The department,
he said. had no evidence that any
group in Japan had been able to
overthrow the dominant military
leaders.
Payment by the United States
of $210,000,000 to China, which the
Treasury announced last night,
ended one of the most difficult and
prolonged periods of renegotiation
with the Chinese and involved a
distinct departure from practice
with other lend-lease nations, officials said during the day.
Answering in part the question
why China, which receives lendlease and counts some of her con-
tributions to the joint war against
Japan as reverse lend-lease, should
have the special treatment of getting cash for war-connected services, officials said that the services
involved covered a period in ad-
vance of the time when lend-lease
and reverse lend-lease arrangements with China had been concluded.
Announcement by Treasury
has been lending to best efforts to
b. o service in appropriate ways,
follows:
friendly good offices when re-
"The United States Treasury Department has just completed trans-
such as through the exercise of
quested by the Chinese, through
direct military assistance in the
prosecution of the war against
Japan and through assisting
China's economy to survive the
strain of war."
The Treasury's announcement
for to the Republic of China of
$210,000,000 in settlement for ad-
vances of local currency and for
supplies, services and military con-
struction furnished the United
States forces in China.
This excludes certain aid fur-
nished to the United States by the
Chinese Government in the form of
reciprocal aid.
"A portion of the settlement
came from United States funds
already in China, a portion from
funds previously placed to China's
credit in the United States and the
remainder in the form of a check
for approximately $150,000,000
which Secretary Morgenthau gave
to Dr. H. H. Kung here."
The negotiations leading up to
the agreement on the sum to be
paid covered a period of many
months They grew out of the fact
that both the United States and
China did not want United States
dollars in large circulation in
China. American officials followed
the practice of getting huge lump
sums of Chinese yuan which they
used to pay our troops in China
and for costs connected with airport and other construction.
The agreement assumed a value
for the yuan "considerably below"
the official 5-cent rate. An agreement used by the Chinese to try to
get a higher rate was that our
spending had largely contributed
to Inflation in certain parts of
China.
Officials said the payment could
be considered as settling our obilgation to the Chinese for services
and advances of currencies from
the beginning of the period of our
military operations there until
Hander
1
162
JAN 24 1945
Dear Mr. Crowley:
Enclosed is a copy of a letter which
I have sent to the Secretary of State with
respect to the proposed lend-lease agreement
between this Government and the Provisional
Government of France.
Very truly yours,
(Signad) H. Morgenthau, Jr.
Secretary of the Treasury.
Attachment.
Honorable Leo T. Crowley,
Administrator
Foreign Economic Administration
Washington, D. C.
JED: ear - 1/22/45
163
Jan
JAN 23 1945
Dear Eds
Reference is made to the letter which your Department
has suggested be sent to Jean Monnet, in which is proposed
a master lend-lease agreement between this Government and
the Provisional Government of France.
As stated in my letter of January 18, the United States
should determine the extent to which we deem it appropriate
that the French should use their gold and dollar exchange
resources in meeting their non-munitions requirements and
lend-lease aid should be programmed accordingly. It is
my view that this determination should be made prior to
the time that any lend-lease agreement is entered into. In
that way we will have a clearer understanding of the type
of program which the lend-lesse agreement contemplates,
thereby avoiding basic unleunderstandings with the French
after the agreement is signed.
I would suggest, therefore, as the first step, that
your Department, our Department and the Foreign Economic
Administration get together and agree upon the amount of
French dollar and gold assets, including the holdings of
the Bank of France, which we would consider to be a satisfactory position for France so long as she is obtaining
lend-lease aid in non-munitions from this country. In
arriving at such an understanding, it will be necessary
to ascertain the approximate amount of dollars which the
French owe us at the present time for supplies shipped to
France and North Africa, as well as a reasonable estimate
of the amount of dollars which the French may be expected
to owe us in the neer future for civilian supplies shipped
to French areas under the military program.
Furthermore, it would seem desirable that no land-lease
agreement should be signed with the French until they have
164
paid the dollars which they owe us for civilian supplies
furnished to France and French North Africa, and until
definitive arrangements are made so that we will actually
receive periodic payments for those civilian supplies
which we will be furnishing to the French in the future
and which it is understood they are to pay for in dollars.
I am sending a copy of this letter to Mr. Crowley.
Very truly yours,
(Signed) H. Morgentnau, Jr.
H. Margenthan
Secretary of the Treasury.
Hon. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.
Secretary of State.
JEDseer - 1/22/45
165
BRITISH AIR COMMISSION
1785 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE
WASHINGTON 6. D. c.
TELEPHONE DECATUR 9000
PLEASE QUOTE
REFERENCE NO.
With the compliments of British Air Commission
who enclose Statements Nos. 171 and 172 -
Aircraft Despatched - for the weeks ended
January 5th and January 12th respectively.
The Honourable Henry Morgenthau, Jr.
Secretary of the Treasury
WASHINGTON, D. C.
January 24, 1945.
166
STATEMENT NO. 171
BRITISH/U. S. SECRET
Aircraft Despatched from the United States
Week Ended January 5. 1945.
TYPE
DESTINATION
ASSEMBLY
BY
BY
FLIGHT DELIVERED
POINT
SEA
AIR
FOR USE IN CANADA
CONSOLIDATED
Liberator B-VI
M.E.
M.E.
Canada
Canada
1
NORTH AMERICAN
Mustang
Mustang
U.K.
U.K.
1
U.K.
5
Mitchell II
Mitchell III
U.K.
10
N.W. Africa
Casablanca
M.E.
M.E.
U.K.
U.K.
M.E.
M.E.
India
India
Canada
Canada
U.K.
U.K.
India
Karachi
India
Madras
U.K.
U.K.
U.K.
U.K.
Australia
Sydney
4
GLENN L. MARTIN
5
Marauder III
0
DOUGLAS
Dakota IV
Dakota IV
Dakota IV
Dakota IV
11
1
6
1
BOEING
Catalina VI
BEECH
Beechcraft
1
4
REPUBLIC
5
Thunderbolt
VOUGHT-SIKORSKY
R-4-B Helicopter
1
NOORDUYN
CURTISS
Kittyhawk
5
Harvard
13
Total:
Movements F 1
R.A.F. Delegation
January 11, 1945
mmh
File V-11-45
42
30
2
167
BRITISH/U. S. SECRET
STATEMENT NO. 172
Aircraft Despatched from the United States
Week Ended January 12. 1945
DESTINATION
CONSOLIDATED
Liberator B-VI
Liberator GR-VIII
Liberator C-IX
BY
FLIGHT DELIVERED
POINT
SEA
AIR
FOR USE IN CANADA
Canada
M.E.
U.K.
Canada
M.E.
M.E.
Canada
U.K.
U.K.
Canada
U.K.
U.K.
U.K.
M.E.
U.K.
M.E.
M.E.
U.K.
GLENN MARTIN
Marauder III
BY
1
TYPE
ASSEMBLY
6
1
1
1
42
NORTH AMERICAN
Mitchell II
Mitchell III
tang
2
29
DOUGLAS
India
S. Africa
S. Africa
Canada
Canada
U.K.
U.K.
U.K.
U.K.
India
Karachi
India
India
Madras
CATALINA
Boeing
3
India
1
Dakota IV
Dakota IV
Dakota IV
Dakota IV
Dakota IV
18
1
3
VOUGHT-SIKORSKY
Helicopter
BEECH
Beechcraft
REPUBLIC
Thunderbolt
Thunderbolt
GRUMMAN
4
9
Karachi and/or
4
10
Madras
Hellcat
S. Africa
Capetown
FAIRCHILD
Argus
N.W. Africa
Algiers
6
4
Total: 66
i
. with radio equipment.
Movements F 1, R.A.F. Delegation
January 17, 1945.
wh
File V-11-45
77
3
168
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
OF NEW YORK
January 24, 1945.
CONFIDENTIAL
Dear Mr. Secretary:
Attention: Mr. H. D. White
I am enclosing our compilation for the week ended
January 17, 1945, analyzing dollar payments and receipts in
official British, French, Canadian, and Australian accounts
at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Very truly yours,
/s/ H. L. Sanford
H. L. Sanford,
Assistant Vice President.
The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,
Secretary of the Treasury,
Washington 25, D.C.
Enclosures 2
COPY
169
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
January 25, 1945
CONFIDENTIAL
Received this date from the Federal Reserve Bank
of New York, for the confidential information of the
Secretary of the Treasury, compilation for the week
ended January 17, 1945, showing dollar disbursements
out of the British Empire and French accounts at the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the means by which
these expenditures were financed.
EmB
I
Strictly
ANALYSIS OF BRITISH AND FRENCH ACCOUNTS
(In Millions of Dollars)
BANK OF ENGLAND BRITISH GOVERNMENT
Total
War Years (g)
First
Second
Debits
1,293.2
Gov't
Expenditures
fat
605.6
Transasto
Starts
Official
Other
Total
Account
Debits
Credits
1.828,2
2,189.8
1,361.5
1,072.3
1,369.6
Canadian
20.9
1,166.7
2,203.0
1,235.6
1,792.2
3.4
407.4
904.8
7.7
223.1
764.0
312,7
170.4
1,197.7
300.4
61.4
280.9
835.9
151.0
127.9
19.9
50.4
October
21.0
November
December
74.2
80.6
45.4
21.9
7.4
2.9
Third
Fourth
Fifth
BANK
CREDITS
Gold
of
Transiers
current order
(official)
Augustian
Other
Net Incr.
or Dear.
Credit to
in 8 Funds
(d)
35,0
(a)
1,356.1
1,193.7
52.0
3.9
274.0
16.7
205.4
- 13.2
21.8
5.5
57.4
1,276.8
0.5
155.1
916.7
253.0
1,116.6
+ 125.9
308,3
+ 171.9
94.5
-
-
-
-
-
416.2
+
DEBITS
PERIOD
Week Ended January 17. 1945 ConCidential
Total
Debite
(e)
866.3 (G)
38.9
Total
Credit ta
(n)
$1,095.3(G)
8.8
18.5
4.4
1.0
10.3
-
-
Net Incr. (+)
or Dear. (-)
in 0 Funds
(d)
+ 299.0
- 30.1
- 14.1
-
9.3
-
1944
92.1
58.7
91.8
56.5
54.7
-
-
-
-
1,0
55.5
1.0
53.7
1,0
91.1
+
80.7
99.5
25.9
-
September
91.8
73.2
17.9
-
-
-
-
-
e
-
-
56.1
6.5
50
1945
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Week Ended
8.1
1.4
January 3, 1945
38.0
3.0
-
6.7
5.9
35.0
29.6
6.6
25.4
9.0
63.3
January 10, 1945
31.3
4.8
14.0
22.3
17.5(1)
January 17. 1945
Average Weekly Expenditures Since Outbreak of War
France
(Grough June 19, 1940) $19.6 million
(through June 19, 1940) $27.6 million
England
England through June 20, 1940 to March 12, 1941) $54.9 million
England (since March 12, 1941) 22.0 million
-
-
29.6
- 2.2
- 8.4
9.0
- 54.3
0.6
1.1
8.3
16.0
3.9
5.9
-
-
-
December 27, 1944
-
-
14.0(b)
-
1.8
4.5
+ 2.7
10.0
0.5
- 9a.5
+ 0.5
- 12.1
See attached sheet for footnotes.
(a) Includes payments for account of British Ministry of Supply Mission, British Supply Board, Ministry of Supply Timber
Control, and Ministry of Shipping.
(b) Estimated figures based on transfers from the New York Agency of the Bank of Montreal, which apparently represent the
proceeds of official British sales of American securities, including those effected through direct negotiation. In addition
to the official selling, substantial liquidation of securities for private British account occurred, particularly during the
early months of the war, although the receipt of the proceeds at this Bank cannot be identified with any accuracy. According
to data supplied by the British Treasury and released by Secretary Borgenthau, total official and private British liquidation
of our securities through December, 1940 amounted to $334 million.
(c) Includes about 585 million received during October, 1939 from the accounts of British authorised banks with Now York banks,
prosumably reflecting the requisitioning of private dollar balances. Other largo transfors from such accounts since October,
1939 apparently represent current acquisitions of procoods of exports from tho storling area and other acarting dollar
receipts. Soe (k) below.
(d) Reflects net chango in all dollar holdings payablo on domand or maturing in one year.
(c) For broakdown by types of debits and credits 800 tabulations prior to March 10, 1943.
(f) Adjusted to eliminate the effect of $20 million paid out on Juno 26, 1940 and returned the following day.
(g) For monthly breakdown SOO tabulations prior to April 23, 1941; October 8, 1941; October 14, 1942; Soptembor 29, 1943 September 6, 1944.
(h)
Includos $5.8 million apparently representing current and accumulated dollar proceeds of sterling aroa services and
merchandise exports, and the following transfers to British account at this bank I
$3.0 million and $2.0 million transferred from accounts at this bank
of Reserve Bank of New Zealand and State Bank of Us S. S. Re, respectively,
also, $2.0 million transferred from account in this market of State Bank
of U. S. S. R.
(1)
Transactions for account of Caisse Central de la France d'Outre-Mer included for first time in week ended December 6, 1944.
(1) Includes $15.0 million paid to account of Commodity Credit Corporation, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Work Sanded January 17, 1945
IF
LO
0.1
0.3
- 10.3
Seek Sodied
December 2L 1944
1945
JANUARY
7.1
m
15.0
me
0.1
14.3
41
21.6
SERVICES
January January 14 an STATES
6.2 million.
year of
Second year of war
Third your of war
year of war
Pine year of ser
Sixth year of war (through) January 17, 1945)
25
2.1
8.9 differ.
30.1 million.
13.9 attion.
(a)
0.3
0.30
17.2
0.6
0.3
17.2
0.6
or
0.1
-
0.3
15.2
and
monthly breakdown 000 tabulations prior to: April 1944. 23, 19413 October 8, 1941FORE
For 14, 1942, September 29, 1943 September 6g demand or naturing
(b) October Reflects refleet obangos symmactions in all dollar in holdings short term payable U. S. on countive and in one
16.1
8.4 million.
sale of $10.0 million of Canadian gold to
(o) (d) (o) Does Includes Represents and 8 not 1.8 * 9.8 Million million received deposited from How by York War Supplies, agodants Sveriges of Canadian Riksbank. Martered banks
173
January 24, 1945
My dear Lieutenant Putzell:
I wish to acknowledge receipt of your
letter of January 22nd, transmitting a radiotelephone message from your representative in
Bern. Thank you very much for sending me this
information.
Sincerely yours,
(Signed) H. Morgenthau, Jr.
Lieutenant E. J. Putzell, Jr.,
Assistant Executive Officer,
Office of Strategic Services,
Washington, D.C.
174
RESTRICTED
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
WASHINGTON, D.C.
22 January 1945
Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr.
The Secretary of the Treasury
Treasury Department
Washington, D. C.
My dear Mr. Secretary:
I have thought that the attached
radiotelephone message from our representa-
tive in Bern may be of some interest to you.
Respectfully yours,
E. J/ Putzel Jr
Lt. (j.g.) USNR
Assistant Executive
Officer
Attachment
RESTRICTED
of
House
Form ORN(Revised)
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
OFFICIAL DISPATCH
DATE
20 Junuary 1945
#269
FROM
PRIORITY
Berne
GOM
TO
ROUTINE
DEFERRED
DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
DISTRIBUTION
(FOR INFORMATION)
(FOR ACTION
RECEIVED IN PLAIN TEXT
RESTRICTED
USTRIA
It 1a high time that something be done about Austria. The
resistance there, both in Vienna and the Austrinu Alps, appears
to be beginning to take some shape. It is hard to approise the GX
tent of it, but ut least there is some evidence of its existence.
Since the oncow Declaration of over a year ago, little has
been done to encourage the Austrian resistance movement, The absence
of any oustanding Austrian patriots abroad has been some handleep
There has been no voice to speak for Austria and the United States,
Grout Britain and Russie have largely passed the matter over in
silence except to urge the Austrions to revolt at times and under
conditions when revolt was impossible nith the Russian armies not
for away, the situation 1s now altered The Austrians are faced with
the alternative of becoming is second Hungary and Vienne a second Bu-
dupeat or of rasking it 20 uncomfortable for the Nezis that they will
decide to draw their defense lines in the Austrian Alpa to the west
of the capital
There .re mony difficulties in the way of securing action by
the Austrians themselves (1) they are by nature an easy going and
not an heroic people; (i-) the country has been purposely emptied of
the men and away of the omen who ight form a resistance front.
These are in the army or defense work, many far from their Austrian
homes (3) Austria, and in particular Vienne, 13 filled with is motley
crowd of foreign workers and displaced people who have no particular
fooling
for Austrium umilling make secrificen
for it. In the country and mountain .reas there are anny bombed-out
refugoes from Germany who have no interest thatever in on independent Austria; (4) there is such physical and mental lacsitude and
depression among the people, at least in the cities, that the physical energy to roact is largely gone.
However, with all these obstacles it still secure worthwhile
to try to arouse the Austrians to more effective opposition but this
on state and are to
will require BOMO encouragement on our part.
Hero are ideas which occur to me: (1) the United States,
RESTRICTED
PAGE 176
OBB Form 69a
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
OFFICIAL DISPATCH
REF. No.
FROM
Berne
#269
TO DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
RECEIVED
Great Britain and Russie in the absence of any authoritative Austrian
body which oun as yet . ot for Austria might constitute themselves
as joint trustees, assuming the obligations to carry out the Mosaow
Declaration and to constitute an independent Austria within boundar1es and under arrangement with neighboring states which would give
Austric a chance to work cut a viable state: (2) something more
should be done to impress the Austrians that every effort would be
made by the Allies to save Vienne the fate of Budspeat, if the
Austrium themselves would take some steps to sebotage the war effort
in and around Vienna and to a.ko Vienne generally an unhealthy spot
for the Nazis and Gestapo If Viece 18 to become a second Budepest,
the responsibility for it should be placed squarely on the Nazis;
(3) a study should be is de of uid to be given to Austrian partisans
in the mountains. In winter weather this is not easy, possibly improctical and no should not hold out false hopes. However, the end
of the war is sufficiently near to smke it possibly justifiable
today to encourage Maguis activities in this area. we have a pertiouter interest in this as it might help to discourage the Nuzis from
trying to make a last stand in is uquis of their own based in the
Austrian and Bavarian Alps.
The next few weeks may have a particular importance in determining whether we can secure some aid from Austria toward shortening the war and whether Austria oun herself do something to help
achieve her own freedom. This would have real political importance
in building up the self respect and national consciousness necessary
to justify and consolidate independent Austrian resistance. But
Austrians cannot yet start in on this course alone. 1.0 must find
a way to give them first some morule and then if u resistance starts
to take shape, some material uid.
RESTRICTED
Homes
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
WAR REFUGEE BOARD
INTER-OFFICE COMMUNICATION
DATE
TO
FROM
JAN 24 1945
Secretary Morgenthau
J. W. Pehle
In addition to the attached letter from Milton Handler,
criticisms from other sources have reached us regarding the
plight OI Jews in liberated Balkan countries and this Government's alleged lack of action in dealing with the situation.
Although the anti-Jewish laws have been abolished in Bulgaria and Rumania, reports from Jewish sources and the press
indicate that adequate measures designed to implement the revocation of these laws have not been taken and that several hundred
thousand Jews in those countries remain in dire need.
All critics in this country insist on the need to hasten
emergency relief to Bulgarian and Rumanian Jews, and on speedy
measures designed to restore Jews to their former property and
occupations. One group of critics hopes that these measures will
bring about the permanent reintegration of all Jews in the economic and social life of Bulgaria and Rumania. Another group believes that such a reintegration can only be successful in the
case of part of the Jewish populations, and early preparations
should be made to enable considerable numbers of Jews from these
countries to emigrate, preferably to Palestine. Finally, part of
the critics openly or covertly blame the continuing plight of the
Jews in those countries on the Soviets.
For your information, the following is a brief outline of the
action which we have taken with respect to the situation in Ru-
mania and Bulgaria:
(1) Early in October, we attempted to have the Board's
representative in Turkey, Herbert Katzki, go into Bulgaria
and Rumania with a view to ascertaining the facts of the
situation and with a view to facilitating further escape
of Jews from Hungary into Rumania. We pushed State very
o
hard on this and were finally advised on January 1st that
178
-2-
Soviet authorities in Moscow had refused to grant permission for Katzki's entrance into Rumania for the
following reasons: (a) Rumania is considered a theater
of military operations; (b) a Jewish representative is
at present in Rumania to look after Jewish refugees;
and (c) it is undesirable at this time to have a large
number of civilians entering Rumania.
(2) We also attempted to facilitate the entrance of a
JDC representative into these areas in order that this
organization might have a man on the spot to develop and
put into operation various relief programs that had been
reported urgently needed. Permission for this JDC representative to enter Rumania was likewise refused by the
Russians.
(3) Meanwhile, as a temporary measure, we have been
facilitating the issuance of the necessary licenses to
JDC for the transfer of large sums to Rumania via the JDC
representative in Switzerland and we obtained the neces-
sary Swiss francs. These funds are in turn transferred
to William Fildermann, a well known leader of Rumanian
Jewry, who has been doing JDC work in Rumania for many
years. The money is used by him for urgent relief but is
reported to be very inadequate.
(4) Our representative in Turkey has been supplying us
with numerous reports, mainly from Jewish sources, on
the condition of the Jews in Bulgaria and Rumania. These
reports have been sent on by us to interested private
agencies and to the Intergovernmental Committee.
(5) We have pressed the Intergovernmental Committee
for action on its part in Rumania and we have facilitated
approval by this Government of the Intergovernmental
Committee's two specific proposals for assistance in
Rumania. First, we approved their proposal to use the
JDC as its operating agent under a scheme whereby the
Intergovernmental Committee would reimburse the JDC for
local borrowings made in Rumania. Second, we have just
rushed through Treasury and State approval of the Intergovernmental Committee's proposal to transfer funds
to Rumania via Switzerland. In the interest of speed,
this was done without prior clearance with the Russians.
179
-3-
(6) The British and American Governments are now instructing their representatives on the Allied Control Commission
in Rumania to take up with the Commission the matter of
rehabilitating Jews in that country and to request that
an approach on this question be made by the Commission to
the new Government of Rumania. The Intergovernmental
Committee hopes to send a representative into Rumania
at a later date when feasible.
(7) Our facilities have been made available to various
Jewish organizations in and out of Bulgaria for the exchange of information and for the purpose of organizing
relief for the Jewish population in that country.
(8) Apart from what we have done since the liberation
of Rumania and Bulgaria, it should not be forgotten that
Ambassador Steinhardt and Hirschmann were directly respon-
sible for the revocation of the anti-Jewish laws in those
countries and for the migration to Palestine of thousands
of Jewish refugees from those areas while still occupied
by the enemy.
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
180
IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
School of Law
January 20, 1945.
Honorable Henry Morgenthau, Jr.
Secretary of the Treasury
Washington, D. C.
Dear Secretary Morgenthau:
I wonder whether you have seen the various news
dispatches of Joseph M. Levy concerning the plight of the
Jews in Bulgaria and Rumania, which have been published in
the New York Times in recent months. His latest piece appeared in today's Times and I am taking the liberty of enclosing a clipping herewith.
From the conversations I have had with persons in
and out of government I get the impression that very little
is being done to save the lives of these unfortunate people.
Of course, there are always the defeatists who say that nothing can De done. Where would we be in the conduct of the
war if the same attitude had prevailed? Certainly something
can be done for these people if there is the will to help
them.
I appeal to you, Mr. Secretary, to give this most
important matter your personal attention just as you did
in the case of the establishment of the War Refugee Board.
The terrible plight of these people demands bold and quick
action if they are to be saved.
Respectfully yours,
/s/ Milton Handler
MH:er
181
ORIGINAL TEXT OF TELEGRAM SENT
FROM:
The Secretary of State, Washington
TO:
American Embassy, Quito
DATED:
January 24, 1945
NUMBER:
65
SECRET
Reference Department's 988 of December 18, 1944.
Information received by this Government emphasises
imminent danger to 147 individuals interned in Camp Belsenbargen, near Hanover, Germany, and holding passports issued
in the name of Ecuador, since the term of validity of such
passports has expired or 18 near expiration. To avoid tragic
loss of life, please transmit to Ecuadoran officials this
Government's urgent request that the protective power of
Ecuador be notified that the validity of the passports of
the above-mentioned group at Belsenbergen has been extended
and that these individuals are to be accorded protection.
Please advise telegraphically of the success of
your efforts.
GREW
182
GABLE TO AMBASSADOR KIRK, AMEMBASSY ROME, FROM DEPARTMENT AND WAR
REFUGEE BOARD.
The following item appeared in the Jewish Telegraphic Agency
Bulletin, December 18, 1944:
QUOTE 1,000 YUGOSLAV JEWS RETURNED HOME FROM CAMPS IN
ITALY AT TITO'S REQUEST - ROME, Dec. 17 (JTA)-Approximately
1,000 Jews are among 5,000 to 6,000 Yugoslavs who have recently
been returned from relief camps in Italy to their homeland at the
request of Marshal Tito. Stateless persons and refugees from
Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and northern Italy will be placed
in the camps vacated by the Vago slavs. Maximum use will probably
be made of the camps only after the liberation of northern Italy.
At present, only a few stateless persons are being moved there
from camps in cantral Italy UNQUOTE
Will you kindly investigate and advise the Board of the
correctness of this item and furnish us with any other relevant
information pestaining thereto.
PJMcCorneck - 1/24/45
183
CABLE TO MINISTER JOHNSON AND OLSEN, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, FROM DEPARTMENT
AND WAR REFUGE BOARD.
Reference is made to Department's 100 of January 18 and Legation's 128
of January 11.
It appears that Vaad Hahatzala contemplates evacuation of rabbinical
group from Shanghai by one of the following methods:
First-exchange against suitable contingent of Japanese civilians in a
Western Hemisphere country other then the United States; or
Second-overland evacuation via USSR to neutral territory, pending
arrangements for permanent destination, without quid pro que for Japan.
The two methods should be kept entirely separate.
First method involves negotiations via Vatican and complicated shipping
and technical arrangements. The following massage from Jerusalem addressed
to Vaed Hahatzala in New York bears on this suggestion:
QUOTE CHIEF RABBI ISAAC HERZOG JERUSALEM RECEIVED MESSAGE SWEDISH
GOVERNMENT MADE REPRESENTATIONS JAPAN INFORMED SCHEME REMOVING FROM
SHANGHAI IMPOSSIBLE MESSAGE FROM VATICAN JAPANESE GOVERNMENT AGREE
ONLY UNDER EXCHANGE SCHEME UNQUOTE
American delegate to Vatican has been asked to cable all available
information on this point, and your comments thereon would also be appreciated.
Regarding second method, you may inform Rabbi Webbe that Department and
WRB are inquiring in Mescow whether USSR would grant transit and guarantee
exit of rabbinical group in Shanghai should Japan agree to their departure
overland. In case of positive reply, you will be asked to support Welbe's
request
Sweden.
to Swedish government for a temporary asylum for this group in
THIS IS WRB STOCKHOLM CABLE NO. 298.
12:30
January 24, 1945
Miss Chouncey (for the Secty) Ackermann, Akzin, Cohn, Drury, DuBois, Caston,
Hodel, Marks, McCermack, Pehle, Files.
BAkginiar 1/24/45
184
CABLE TO MR. HUDDLE AND MR. MCCLELLAND, BERN, SWITZERLAND, FROM DEPARTMENT
AND WAR REFUGEE BOARD.
Vaad Hahatzala advised WRB of receipt of a repert that two groups
of Hungerian Jews numbering 7,000 and 15,000 respectively await entry
into Switzerland and that their rescue depends on assurance of admission
into Switzerland. Please advise Board whether this is correct. If 30,
it is assumed, of course, that you will take all appropriate steps to
obtain their admission into Switzerland in accordance with Department's
240 of January 16.
THIS IS WRB BERN CABLE NO. 378.
12:30
January 24, 1945.
Miss Chauncey (for the Secry) Ackermann, Akgin, Cohn, Drury, DuBeis,
Gasten, Hodel, Marks, McCormack, Pehle, Files.
BAkminiar 1/24/45
185
GABLE TO MR. HUDDLE AND MR. MOCLELLAND, BERN, SWITZERLAND, FROM
DEPARTMENT AND WAR REFUGEE BOARD.
URGENT
The following is the substance of a cable from Mann, WRB representative
in London, dated January 22, 1945:
QUOTE World Jewish Congress here has been informed
by its representative in Switzerland that Theresienstadt is
being transformed into extermination camp. Eye witness is
said to have reported that 200 to 250 Jews age dying each
day at Theresienstadt and that a crematorium was erected
there at a place called Nakrete.
In broadcast from Moscow on January 17 former member
Czechoslovak parliament is reported to have stated that
Germans are transforming Theresienstadt into an extermine
tion camp on lines of Naidenek.
REYNOLDS NEWS of January 21 carries a brief news item
from Associated Press to the effect that American Seventh
Army discovered "Nasi gas chamber containing the bodies of
6000 people of Alsace" at the entrance of Natzweile. UNQUOTE
Please take all possible action in this matter along the lines of
Department's 127 of January 9.
THIS IS WRB BERN CABLE NO. 379.
12:30
January 24, 1945.
BAksiniar 1/23/45
186
January 24, 1945
RS
Distribution of true
reading only by special
10 p.m.
arrangement. (SECRET w)
US URGENT
AMLEGATION
BERN
400
The cable below for Huddle and McClelland from Department
and War Refugee Board is WRB 379.
The following is the substance of a cable from Mann, WRB
representative in London, dated January 22, 1945:
QUOTE World Jewish Congress here has been informed by its
representative in Switzerland that Theresienstalt is being transformed into extermination camp. Eve witness is said to have
reported that 200 to 250 Jews are dying each day at Theresienstadt
and that a crematorium was erected there at a place called Nakrete.
In broadcast from Moscow on January 17 former member Csecho-
slovak parliament is reported to have stated that Germans are transforming Theresionstadt into an extermination camp on lines of
Maidanek.
REYNOLDS NEWS of January 21 carries a brief news item from
Associated Press to the effect that American Seventh Army discovered
"Nasi gas change containing the bodies of 6000 people of Alsace"
at the entrance of Natsweile. UNQUOTE
Please take all possible action in this matter along the lines
of Department's 127 of January 9.
GREW
NRB:MMV:KG
1/24/45
ACTING
(CL#)
187
MFC-1764
Bern
reading only by special
Dated January 24, 1945
Distribution of true
arrangement. (SECRET w)
Rec'd 9:05 P.M.
Secretary of State,
Washington.
506, January 24, 3 P.M.
FOR WRB FROM MCCIELLAND
Kindly deliver from Field, Geneva to Unitarians
Boston this message:
"Thanks your recent cable through WRB. Am
pushing Polish plans. Can you send soonest initial
Fund for travel costs and equipment delegations and
token relief stock. Shall take up Spanish and colony
programs as suggested but confidentially question
wisdom employing Fisera pending investigation his
reliability and clarification contradictory reports
his role with Czechs and resistance. Desires all
costs work with Uniser Company but recent interviews
left mestisfactory impression. Incidentally Fisera
minor marriage apparently unsuccessful. Seperation
only partially due external circumstances. Above
only for you. Assume Barksy does not insist complete elimination from committee of Ascarate who
did excellent job Geneva as liaison for Spanish aid
France during illegality and organised escape non
Spanish refugees behalf Jewish organisation,
Univer Company and WHB".
HUDDLE
188
GABLE TO AMBASSADOR HARRIMAN, MOSCOW. FROM DEPARTMENT AND WAR REFUGEE BOARD.
About 500 faculty members and students of Rabbinical academy
formerly located in Mir, east of Curson line, are reported to be in
great distress and in danger in Shanghai, and rabbinical groups in this
country are extremely anxious that these 500 persons be brought to a
safe place where they may resume their teaching activities deemed to
be of great importance to Jewish religious tradition. According to
reports from Stockholm, Japanese minister there stated to local rabbis
that Japan interposes no objection to that group leaving Shanghai
provided they can be guaranteed reception in some neutral country.
Accordingly, please inquire whether Soviet authorities would be
willing to grant to said group transit and reasonable transportation
facilities across Soviet Union and exit permits to neutral territory.
Miss Chauncey (for the Sec'y) Ackermann, Aksin, Cohn, Drury, DuBois, Gaston,
Hodel, Marks, McCormack, Pehle, Files.
BAksinsar 1/24/45