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548 NARRATOR (continued) But for these people in the park on Sunday that is all something that lies far ahead. Most of them don't have any suspicion that it is going to happen at all -- although Hitler himself has said often enough that it will happen. SCENE 5 PROCESSION During this, the religious expression entering the Cathedral and the holy music fade out and into a typical public park scene on a bright, lovely Sunday afternoon, with people dressed in their Sunday best strolling along the paths and the animals playing about, being coaxed and fed by the people. First a general shot, which narrows down as the camera trucks to a closeup of Magda and Pa and Ma at the edge of a pond watching and feeding the ducks. During this scene, the camera concentrates on the birds and animals (including Fritzi), showing for the most part only outstretched hands coaxing and feeding, etc., to save human animation. The family looks happy and hopeful and their voices indicate the same feeling. As the scene fades in, pastoral music, with agreeable animal sounds. Magda is crouched down at the edge of the pond, holding out bread to the ducks. The ducks are circling around in the water; first a drake, then several ducklings, in single file; they want the bread, but they are a little - though not very - apprehensive of Fritzi, who sits beside Magda, eager and interested but friendly, wagging his tail. Gradually the ducks come nearer; then they file past, as quickly as possible, in the same order, each snatching a morsel from Magda's hand and then heading back out into the pond again. A perceptible instant after the next-to-the-last duck 549 passes, comes the last. He is seen to be Donald. Magda's hand is empty by now. He cocks an angry look at the empty hand, then up at Magda, then at Fritzi, then bursts into a storm of indignation and abuse. During this scene, Magda speaks: MAGDA "Come] Come It's bread, see? It's good for you! I won't harm you. I just want to feed you. Fritzi won't harm you, either -- will you Fritzi? (Fritzi shakes his head in a friendly negative) Look It's nice, fresh breads It tastes very good!" Following Donald's outburst, Magda, Fritsi and Papa and Mama all laugh. They stroll along the path. Camera shows only Fritzi, lower half of Magda and legs of Papa and Mama. During following dialogue, the party encounters various other birds and animals in the park; a squirrel, a pair of rabbits, a chipmunk, a robin pulling a worm out of the ground, etc. Also at one point another dog, a supercilious poodle at whom Fritsi growls in a terrifying manner, showing his teeth, whereupon the poodle puts his tail between his legs and scrams But for the other park animals, Fritzi has only a friendly interest. When he sees the robin pulling the worm out, Fritzi makes his 'toy-sausage-varnish face' and burps reminiscently. Background of pastoral music throughout until as indicated at the end. PAPA (He is feeling good) "Ja, Ja, it is fine here in the park It restores one's faith in nature and man, such a fine day! Things are going to be better now! I am sure of it! Our Fuehrer will take care of things properly! No nonsense any more! Order! Yes, and discipline, too -- discipline,-that is what we need. (Breaking off) Magdal See, there the rabbits! see how friendly they are1" 550 The rabbits approach closely, durious and begging; they sit up, their noses wiggle. Magda kneels and holds out her hand with something in it for them -- a carrot, probably. They approach and one of them takes the carrot and they scamper away under a bush and eat it. MAMA "How sweet they are!" PAPA (resuming) "Tachal You will see Frieda, things will be much better now! Already we are selling more things at the store!" (His voice changes. There is a note of regret and even of shame in it, but not too much) "of course, it is partly, perhaps, because Rosenberg Silberstein, their salesman. I have not seen him has been closed up. I wonder what has become of lately." (At this point, the sound of breaking laughter. The music turns sinister) glass, a woman's scream and brutal "But..." (Papa is refusing to think of such things; sound effects die out and pastoral music resumes) there That is none of my affair! The Fuehrer gone to Palestine. There they will be rich. I am sure they will be all right." knows best1 Probably Rosenberg and Silberstein have A squirrel appears, looking for nuts. Fritzi good naturedly says 'Boo' at him, in the form of a playful little bark. The squirrel dashes away and up a tree trunk, where he scolds at Fritsi. The family laugh indulgently. 551 MAMA (She isn't even as convinced as Papa - still less. But she is trying to make herself sure everything is all right) "Yes, Otto, I am sure you are right. And now perhaps Wagner says the students are collecting it to burn. Now our Magda can walk the streets without being cor- all that filth in the stores will be swept away. Frau rupted. It will be like the good old days when I was a girl. Oh, I supers things are going to be better!" A chipmunk coampers along the path behind the family, looking up hopefully for something to eat. It is no use. Magda has nothing more. She does not even see the chipmunk. After following them for a while, the chipmunk sits down in disgust, shrugs his shoulders and then goes off into the grass disgustedly. The family are getting a little tired. They come to an empty park bench and sit down with obvious relief; Papa, Name, Magda and Fritsi, who jumps up to sit there too but is immediately shooed off and gets down, reluctantly and looks resentful, taking it out on the poodle that comes by just then and laughs at him. His selfesteem restored by the encounter with the poodle, Fritzi contentedly watches the robin pulling out the worm. In the end, the worm, after stretching and stretching to an incredible length, snaps out all at once, bashing the robin on the beaks the robin sits down violently; it is very sore. Fritsi laughs at it. During this scene, the following talk from the bench, from which Magda's feet dangle and Papa's and Mama's are seen resting on the walk that passes the bench. MAGDA (eagerly and coaxingly) "Mutti, can I join the nazi girls' league? 552 MAMA (somewhat taken aback) "Why, Magdal But you already belong to Father Johann's girls' club in the church MAGDA (more and more eagerly; she dismisses the church club) "ohl The church club That old thing! We never have any fun in that. Besides, half the kids don't even show up any more. They're off at party meetings. They have more funl (enviously) Goodness, they all have uniforms -- even the girls -- and go on hikes in the country, and the Fuehren says there are going to be youth hostels all over the country so we can go on long hikes, and they have bands, and go camping in the country, and live on farms in the summer, and visit castles and have lots more fun than we dol" PAPA (gently but trying to be firm) "But Magda, my little girl, surely it is better to belong to the church club with Father Johann as you always have. Think of all the good times you have had there Surely that is better than a party club." MAGDA (she is respectful but insistent) "But Vati, the Fuehrer himself says that we must all belong to the party organizations1" PAPA (that stops him) "Tschal Ach, ja, so he does, so he does. What a pity!" (he realizes that he has said something he shouldn't and clears his throat vigorously and changes his voice to cover up) "Ahem! Ach, sol Ja, Ja, that is right! of course the Fuehrer says so. I had forgotten, for the moment. I must be getting old. (he laughs with a somewhat hollow note) So, sod Yes, the Fuehrer does say so. And of course he doubtless knows best. So you want to join this Bund of German Girls too, do you, Magda?" rage 22 - 553 MAGDA (she sees that she has won, and is delighted; she claps her hands gleefully) "oh, yes, Vatil And I may, mayn't IT Oh, how fined And what fun we'll have Just now the pastoral music fades out and in comes a jubilant march, played by a boys' fife and drum corps and therefore not too professionally, but still well enough. Also the sound of marching boys' feet along gravel. MAGDA (in great excitement) "oh, look, Vatil Look, Muttif See -- there are some of the boys now!" Along a cross path at some distance from the bench where the family sit marches a troop of Hitler Youth, with a HJ banner in the front, fifes and snare drums just behind, and then 20 or 30 boys in uniform, marching well and looking fairly impressive -but not too much so, because they mustn't rouse too much respect or sympathy; they are on their way to some dirty work which this breath-taking drama will later reveal. As the boys disappear around a bend in the path, the scene fades out. The music, however, and sound of marching feet, come in stronger as the scene fades, and become those of a full-sized military brass band and the feet of marching men. PAPA (when he sees the boys) "Ach, jas They are fine boys! I am sure everything will be all right!" The scene fades into the following. 554 SCENE 6 - A STREET OF SMALL SHOPS, THAT SAME AFTERNOON. Papa and Mama and Magda and Fritsi are on their way home. In front of one shop, open trucks are drawn up. On them are banners reading "The Munich S. A. is on the March!" "Down with the Red Swine!" "Heil Hitler!" On the window behind the trucks can been seen the legend: Communist Party Headquarters - 17th Distruct. A crowd has gathered, held back by the SA men, There is a confused roar from the crowd, but an approving one. Cries of "That's the stuff!" "Lynch 'eml" "Heil Hitler!" etc. As the scene opens with a general view, a brickbat sails through the air and through the window, smashing it. A cheer goes up from the crowd. More brickbats fly. Over the tops of the trucks can be seen fleeting glimpses of wrecking work; crowbars are uplifted and then brought down, to the sound of smashing furniture, etc. The crowd roars, the sounds of smashing continue, and then the red glow of a fire is seen, just beginning. It spreads rapidly. It is now the evening, and as the darkness deepens the flames spread and leap. There is the sound of crackling flames. Shadows of SA men leave the burning shop. The dull red glow lights the faces of the mob. Fire music (from the Valkyries maybe?). The camera picks out Papa and Mama and Magda and Fritzi in the front row of the crowd. Papa looks somewhat startled but on the whole pleased. Mama's only apparent emotion is one of shock. Magda is obviously delighted. Fritzi is pleased too. As the scene and sound effects and music fade out, Papa speaks: PAPA "Tachal A bit violent, perhaps, but that's the way to stamp out the swine. Order That is what we must have. Order and discipline. This all fades out and into: 555 SCENE 7 - MAGDA'S NEXT VIOLIN LESSON The same as scene 2, at first. Magda is skipping along to Herr Geiger's house. She is carrying her violin in its case, and her sheet music. Omit the first stage of her walk, with the show window and its obscere books, etc., and show only the last stage as she approaches Geiger's house. As the scene opens, all is sweet and lovely. Fritsi is waddling along with Magda, Music a gay, skippy variation on one of the themes of the Mendelssohn concerto. In this opening scene, the Voice Speaks: NARRATOR "And so the New Era (with not-too-obvious, but apparent irony) opens. Now things are going to be better. And little Magda is on her way to her regular violin lesson at Herr Geiger's house.' At this point a sinister note creeps into the music. This note deepens. Magda falters in her skipping. Fritai looks apprehensive. They have detected something wrong. They are now near Geiger's house. They see an SA man standing at the door. He is a big bastard, but not too tough-looking - coarse, if you like, but not brutal (not at the moment, anyway). A little group of Hitler Youth boys (like the ones we saw parading in the park) are standing on the sidewalk outside Geiger's house, jeering and yelling at the house. At first only the vicious, derisive note is audible, no words. The SA man just stands there, grinning at them and at the joke they share. He stands with both thumbs hooked in the front of his belt, his hat on one side of his head, the strap under his chin, a revolver in a holster on his hip, Fritzi walks on, but more and more slowly and with increasing fear. Fritzi reflects her feelings. As they approach the house, it becomes apparent that the 556 shutters on the windows are tightly shut. There is an air of fear and desolation about the house. The flowers where Fritzi got stung by the been have all been pulled up by the roots; they lie, withered and dead, on the doorstep. A rat is sneaking across the doorstep. Splotches on the front wall and the shutters of the house show where clods of dirt and other objects have been thrown up at the house. On the sidewalk in front of the house, the boys have scrawled a horrible caricature of a Jow and slogans like, "Down with the Jews:" "Jewish Swine!" "Down With Kultur-Bolschevismus1" "Mendelssohn Was A Jewish Rati" also a six-pointed star of David, etc. Closeups of these as Magda approaches, showing only the slogans and her feet and Fritzi, who is apprehensive and bewildered and afraid. During this phase of the scene, the Voice speaks again NARRATOR "But what's this? Something has gone wrong. What has happened to good Herr Geiger, the violin teacher?" The boys voices come in, shouting each of the slogans as Magda and Fritai read them (closeup to indicate this) on the sidewalk. Just as they read the last one, which, being nearest the house, has carried them up to the SA man, whose boots appear in the picture, he speaks: SA MAN (in a rough voice but kindly; he is not harsh with Magda. on the contrary, he is amused by the whole situation, pleased with the boys and in a high good humor) "Well, little lady, and where are you bound on this fine spring morning, 30 fresh and sweet and pretty?" 557 Magda looks upward from the boots along the length of the SA man's figure and her eyes come to rest on his face, which is beaming with good nature. MADDA "Heil Hitler!" She salutes. The SA man is delighted with her. He returns the salute with a terrific slam of his boot heels together, snapping to attention and roaring; Fritsi jumps. SA MAN "Heil Hitler!" He drops his arm and resumes his previous pose, thumbs hooked in belt. The boys' jeering shouts are heard in the background. MAGDA (politely, not frightened by the SA Man, but rather, on the contrary, appealing to him as an admired guardian of the New Order to which she is devoted; she wants guidance from him) "Please, Sir, I have come for my violin lesson with Herr Geiger. SA MAN (with rough kindliness for her but brutal gloating over the fate of Geiger; first he throws his head back and roars with brutal laughter. At this, Magda looks taken aback and Fritzi cowers, Then he lowers his head and speaks with an attempt to be kindly: Well, well, little lady! So you've come to take your violin lesson, have you? Well, little lady, you won't be having any more violin lessons from Geiger. Your precious teacher is a Jew! A Jew1 Do you understand? (His voice rises; Magda is frightened, but not too much Fritzi is really scared) No, Herr Geiger will give no more violin lessons in the Third Reichi No -- nor any- where elsel (He laughs brutally again) Where Herr Geiger has gone, there are no violin lessons. And even if there were, he is in no condition to give any -- not hel" 558 As the SA man's voice coarsons and grows louder, the boys! shouts grow louder and coarser. Stones fly at the house. The fire music from scene 6 creeps into the music. one of the boys voices is heard saying, "Let's burn the place out!" and eager agreement from the others. Then there is the sound of the house being broken into and wrecked, then the crackling sound of flames, growing. As Magda sees and hears these things, she is horror-struck. She calls out to the SA mans MAGDA "Oh, look! The house! What are they doing?" SA MAN (jovially) "There, there, little lady! Don't you trouble your pretty little head about such things! This is business for men, not girls. You go on home to your dollies and toys and leave these matters to us!" Magda, spell-bound by the proceedings, stares open-mouthed. Tears come into her eyes. Fritsi sees this and sits up, begging to show his sympathy. With head bowed, Magda leaves the scene, walking slowly back home, dangling her violin case and music, Fritai accompanying her, anxious and distraught. Fade out and into: SCENE 8 - MAGDA'S ROOM She is lying on the bed, crying. Fritsi is sitting on the floor beside the bed. From time to time, he licks one of Magda's hands which hangs over the side of the bed. She clasps her violin case in her other arm. The sheet music lies on the floor. The pictures of Wagner, Beethoven and Mendelssohn are still on the wall as the scene opens, but that of Mendelssohn dissolves out and disappears. Where the little shrine appeared before, there is now a 559 picture of Hitler, with the flowers and candle or lamp burning before it. Magda gradually stops crying. She sits up on the bed and dries her eyes. She gets up and puts the violin in a corner on the floor. Then she goes and crouches on the window seat. Fritsi jumps up beside her. They sit, looking out the window, their backs to the camera. She talks the whole thing over with Fritsi. MAGDA "oh,happened Fritzil Poor, poor Herr Geigeri I wonder what has to him. (sound effects of whip lashes, blows and groans, followed by brutal commands of Give the swine some morel" and more lashes) "He was such a nice mant But -- he was a Jew? I had never thought of that, Fritsi. Our Fuehrer says all the Jews are awful people, and the Fuehrgr must know best, Fritzi. Surely he must know best. (She is gradually talking herself out of her shock and horror) "And Mendelssohn --- he was a Jew, too? Oh, dear, Fritzi, it seems so terrible. But Heine, too, was a Then I cannot play the Lorelei any more either, IJew. suppose." (Her campaign to kid herself is succeeding) "But maybe Herr Geiger is all right, after all. Maybe the nice SA man was only making jokes. After all, Fritzi, he didn't really say anything terrible had happened to Herr Geiger. He only said where he'd gone there aren't any lessons, and Herr Geiger couldn't give any anyway. Maybe Herr Geiger has just gone away. Perhaps, Fritzi..." (now she has kidded herself out of it almost completely) ..Herr Geiger has gone to Vienna to teach there How happy he must be there And he won't have to worry about what will happen to him there. Yes, there he can be safe and happy. on Fritsi, I am sure everything will be all right." MAGDA (continued) 560 (Now, satisfied, she turns to more important matters) "And now, Fritsi, we must be thinking about what we are going to take when I go to Nuremberg! Just think, Fritzil (she is gay and delighted) I am going to the party congress -- me, Magdal And maybe I shall even see the Fuehrer himself1 What a pity, Fritzi, that you can't go with me. SCENE 9 - During the latter part of this discourse, the scene fades out and into Nuremberg. The impressions of the Party Congress are con- veyed by a series of brief flashes of typical Nuremberg scenes: gigantic stadiums packed with spectators while masses of uniformed men march by: densely packed huge halls intent on a harranguing speaker; medieval streets hung with banners while troops march through; Hitler standing in an open car at the salute reviewing troops; Hitler Youth boys marching in column; ditto girls; tanks in processions; cheering mobs; loudspeakers; and everywhere and always terrific march music, the sound of marching boots, cheers, and ranting voices. Against this background, shots of Magda, wide- eyed, intent and increasingly thrilled and swept away by the emotional atmosphere; sitting in a great hall listening to a speech, marching in a column; standing at attention; etc. With each closeup shot of Magda, a nazi ranting voice, as follows: FIRST VOICE "I tell you that the world of the future belongs to youth SECOND VOICE "We have begun above all, with the youth. There are old idiots out of whom nothing can be made any more. but that causes us no concern. We take their children (This is a direct quote from Hitler) away from them." 551 THIRD VOICE "The German Reich of the future will regard the woman without children -- whether she is married or not -- as a member of the community having only inferior rights. In this connection, sexual relations out of wedlock which result in the birth of a child should not be punishable by law." (This is a direct quote from Rosenberg) FOURTH VOICE "We oppose old outworn prejudices. Marriage must not be allowed to become an obstacle to the natural impulse." (This is a direct quote from an official Labor Front journal) FIFTH VOICE "The program of our national socialist women's movement has only one point. That point is called the child." (Hitler) SIXTH VOICE "When the women 600 the fine Labor Service boys, dressed only in trousers and with chests all bare, surely they must say, What fine fellows they are and how nice for the women!" (Hitler) This fades out and into next scene. SCENE 10 - It is 1939. Magda is 16. The same street in Munich in which Magda as a girl of 9 saw the filthy pictures in the shop window. As the scene fades in, she is trudging along toward home, approaching the same shop. She is not only older, but tougher and coarser, too. She is wearing a BDM uniform and carrying a heavy pack on her back which, however, does not tax her strength; she bears it efficiently. She is thicker, coarser. Her lega are thick and bunchy with muscles. She is coarse and sun- and wind-burned of complexion. Her hair is 562 braided in two thick coarse braids. Her feet are big; they are in heavy, hob-nailed marching shoes. She walks strongly and mechanically, grim of visage. Fritsi is following her. He is getting on in years and looks tired and baffled. He no longer capers, but trots along, having a hard time keeping up. He no longer understands his mistress, but still is attached to her. Music: a Nuremberg march. Magda and Fritzi reach the shop window and stop and look in, Fritzi putting his front paws up on the edge so that he can see, too. The same legend appears on the same window: Books, - Office Supplies - Periodicals. In the display, a picture of Hitler occupies the central and most prominent position, framed and trimmed with strips of gold and red ribbon and laurel. The books and periodicals in the window all bear nazi markings of one kind or another on them; swastikas; the name of a nazi publishing house (Frans Eher Nachf. Verlag - Official Party Press); a blurb on the dust jacket saying endorsed by party office on race policy, by party health office; etc. Titles: Sex Among the Nordics. The White Slave Traffic in Decadent America, High Jinks in a Cloister, The Love Life of Rebeccah, The Third Sex in Paris, etc. In other words, the same type of filth exactly is being purveyed as before, but now under the pretext of Health, Race, etc. Fritzi remembers his previous scolding, and, after a quick glance at the display -where as much of a made drawing is shown as may be possible - looks up apprehensively at Magda. Her reaction, however, is a very different one. She looks long and intently at the books etc. Then she sees that Fritsi is watching her, and she looks at him. He droops his ears in shame. But Magda winks coarsely at him. Fritzi is shocked within an inch of his life. He blushes and hangs his head. Magda throws back her head and roars with laughter. 563 Fade out. During this scene, the Voice: NARRATOR "Yes, Magda is indeed a lucky girl. Not only once, but every year she goes to the party congress at Nuremberg. Most girls get to go less often than that, but Magda goes every year because she has such a splendid record in the party girls' organization. She has thrown herself into the work with abandon; meetings, hikes, acting as a messanger-girl - there seems to be no limit to the time and energy she is able and willing to devote to these activities. Her school work has suffered, of course. But her teacher is a young nazi Hitler Youth leader now. The Catholic schools are being suppressed along with the Catholic youth organizations. And her teacher says her work in the party is at least as important as her studies. And besides, Magda can't go to the University any more, as she hoped to do when she was a little girl. The party says it is nonsense for so many girls to go to Universities. It dries up their womanly natures, the party says. Girls ought to marry and have children -- and have children in any event whether they marry or not. Magda hasn't even touched her violin for years, now. So here she is, tramping home from the railway station, returning from the camp where she has spent the summer. She hopes to go to the party congress this year at Nuremberg, too -- if there is one. But at least she has had a summer in the country, camping with her girls." At this point the business of the filthy pictures. Into Magda's laugh there comes the conflicting melodies of first, a religious procession such as the one in which Magda walked as a child, and, second, a column of Hitler Youth boys on the march. The camera shifts from Magda and Fritzi to the intersection of two streets at the corner near by. The religious procession is moving across the intersection when the Hitler Youth column reaches the intersection, moving at right angles. The two musics clash more and more. As the Hitler Youth boys reach the religious procession, they shout gleefully: "Catholic swine!" "Black Cockrosches "Out of the way!" "Clear the streets for the Hitler Jugend!" etc. They charge into the column which, begin composed of young girls of 8 to 12 is soon scattered, 564 screaming and crying, their music silent, their candles lying in the gutters and stamped and trampled on by the boys in high glee. Shot of Fritzi, who growls as menacingly as a dachshund can, then looks up at Magda. To Fritzi's shocked horror, Magda is egging on the boys: shouting, clapping her hands in glee, jumping up and down and roaring with laughter. A weeping little girl, driven out of her procession by the nazi boys, comes trudging along right past Magda and Fritzi. Fritzi looks sympathetic, but Magda sneers: MAGDA "Hey! You! Little aniveller! Run home to Mama and get your nose blown!" The little girl cowers, afraid at the rough, coarse manner of the bigger girl. It becomes apparent that she is wearing a golden crucifix around her neck, exactly like Magda's in scene 1. Magda's eyes light on it and she calls the little girl over to her. MAGDA "Wait a minute, yous Come here to mel" The little girl timidly approaches, frightened still but not suspecting the particular evil that awaits her. When she gets quite close, Magda reaches out her hand with ostensibly casual interest for the crucifix and asks her: MAGDA "What's that you've got there?" LITTLE GIRL (in a frightened voice) "A Crucifix." (she looks downward at it) 565 MAGDA (suddenly coarse and brutal in her voice) "Oh, a crucifix, eh?" She snatches the crucifix off and with the same motion sweeps her closed fist up against the little girl's nose, knocking her head back; then she throws the crucifix into the street and sneers at the little girl, now wildly weeping. MAGDA "Catholic trash$ Now go home to your Mamal' Fade out and into SCENE 11 - MAGDA'S HOME Papa comes home. The door opens and his voice is heard humming a tune. His footsteps. Closeup of his hat being hung on a hat-rack. Mema's voice calls anxiously from upstairs: MAMA "ottol Is that you?" Papa notes the concern in her voice; he stops humming and calls backs PAPA "Yes, Friedal What is it?" Mamasvoice still comes from upstairs and it reveals dread and tragedy. Closeup of Fritsi sitting at foot of stairs, looking up with an air of bewilderment and fear. MAMA "oh, I'm so glad you've come at last! I've been frantiel I tried to reach you on the phone! " (Her voice grows louder as she comes down the stairs) 566 PAPA (now thoroughly alarmed) "Why, Friedal What's the matter? What has upset you SO?" Mama bursts into sobs and throws herself into his arms; he tries to comfort her; he leads her into the same dining room as that shown in scene 3 and sets her down on the same chair she sat in then. He stands in front of her, patting and stroking her bowed head and shaking shoulders. She buries her face in his coat. MAMA "oh, Otto, I don't know, I don't know! But I'm afraid thing terrible has happened It's Magdal" PAPA (urgently) "Magdal Is she hurt? or ... (he is afraid to ask if she has been " killed; he supposes there has been an accident) MAMA (sobbing) "No, no1 It's not that It's not what you think!" Papa is puzzled, but relieved that Magda is not hurt, and now interested mostly in soothing his wife, whom he suspects of making a mountain out of some mole hill. PAPA "There there, Friedal What is it, then? Tell me. Nothing to upset you so much, though, I'll bet." He goes on soothing her and yet her sobs abate only slightly -- then the sound of a man's steps are heard coming down the stairs, slowly, 567 unwillingly. The same doctor appears in the doorway as in scene 3. He looks grave, embarrassed and oppressed. He remains standing there during the following exchange. PAPA (brightens up, although with a forced note in his voice, when he sees the doctor) "Tachal Now, then, Herr Doctor. perhaps you can tell = me is wrong! Waswhat ist denn los?" My poor Frieda, she is too upset. DOCTOR (hesitates - he doesn't know how to go about this job - clears his throat, fiddles with his stethoscope - finally he speaks) "Ahem1 (coughs, falsely) Well, or, ah, uh, ahom! the ah - fact of the matter is -- well, shemi Now then, you mustn't be too upset .... PAPA (growing more apprehensive and impatient with every moment) "Donnerwetter nochmals, Herr Doktor! In the name of God, what is wrong?" DOCTOR (he blurts it out) " "Your daughter is going to have a baby! The parents are utterly aghast. The mother's sobs increase. The father is thunderstruck. He refuses to believe it. PAPA "Have you taken leave of your senses? Are you mad? (he is wild with anger - partly because he is beginning to realize the doctor is telling the truth - his voice rises) Our Magdal A baby? (laughs harshly) Herr Doktor, I find your joke in exceedingly bad taste, and I bid you good evening -- and good by1 Have the kindness never to enter this house again!" 568 The doctor shrugs his shoulders, stuffs his stethoscope into his little black bag, turns on his heel and walks out. As he does so, he speaks: DOCTOR "You know how to reach me when you want me. " He leaves. Sound of outer door closing and his footsteps. PAPA (he comes to himself) "Friedal Friedal What has happened? What is this madness?" MAMA (in a low voice, her head still bowed) "It is true." PAPA (overwhelmed, he sinks to his knees beside her) "Friedal Our little Magdal" At this point Magda appears in the doorway. Fritsi sees her and gets to his feet - he has been lying down with his nose between his paws - and goes toward her, eager and friendly though bewildered by it all, but he stops as he hears the harsh note in Magda's voice; his tail stops wagging and droops, his ears fall in disappointment. MAGDA (harshly) "Little Magda indeeds " (The parents start up and move as though to go and take her in their arms, but she repels them with a gesture) "Yes, it is truel I am going to have a baby! And you two cry about it! May I ask why?" 569 MAMA "But Magda. MAGDA "will you listen to me? Yes, a baby, I said. And I'm proud of it, I tell you, proud (her voice rises) Do you hear me? I am proud to be having a baby." PAPA "Magda, you know we love you. Why are you so bitter? We take care of you? Who the S he stumbles overwillsaying 'father') who isisthe MAGDA (jeering) "Who is the father, you are trying to ask me, aren't you? (she laughs scornfully) Then why don't you come out with it and ask? (now bitter) I will tell you about the facts of life) A baby must have both a mother and a father! (laughs again) on yes, - the facts of lifel of lifel (softer-spoken but still bitter) And now you want to know about the father! (cruelly) And what if I should tell you I do not know myself who the father is, eh? .." (The parents shrink back in shocked horror; she laughs and goes on) "It is dark at night, you know - very dark -- in the country. And in the camps no lights are allowed after bed time. And everybody is supposed to be in bed and asleep, too, of course. (she laughs coarsely) But what if there is a boys' camp a kilometer or two down the road, eh? They are supposed to be in bed, too, of course - and asleep too, of course! But it is warm and balmy and the c rickets are chirping and a train whistles in the distance and a dog barks and there is a full moon and maybe everybody is not asleep, eht (she laughs again, coarsely - now she turns savage) But it is very dark what does see? it And matter? I do not He know is one who of the our father young is mon ... - And no foreigner. One of our young men who will soon go off to war to fight these verdammten French and English -- yes, and the Americans too, the awine, if they want trouble -- to win the Reich's proper place in the world! (Her voice rises higher and higher; the sound of Military bands comes in, 570 MAGDA (continued) and of marching armies, toward the end, of battle.) And perhaps he will be killed, fighting for Germany you And Germany must have many you OursoFuehrer Killed, Babies babies, to do do hear? hear? to be has said so grow up soldiers That is why I am proud! Can you understand that? Babies! Babies! Babies! Babiesi " (She ends on a scream with the march, the boots and the battle sounds crescendo) "PEOPLE UNDER HITLER" A Brief Life of "Little Hans Hasenpfeffer" (Story Suggestion) Property of WALT DISNEY PRODUCTIONS HOLLYWOOD CALIFORNIA 572 "PEOPLE UNDER HITLER" A Brief Life of "Little Han s Hasenpfeffer" * by - Wallace R. Deuel 1-20-42 "PEOPLE UNDER HITLER" The people under Hitler What are they like? People? Not any more! Not as you and I. No, they are merely Human guinea pigs! Eighty millions of them. : Injected with Fear, Brutality, And hate! Responding to every fantastic whim Of the Mad Doctors of Europe! Now for the fantastic facts Let us take under consideration The Case History of Little Hans Hasenpfeffer. Let's go back to the very beginning. Hans' mother and father have reported To a Government Office 573 1-20-42 A Brief Life of 574 LITTLE HANS HASENPFEFFER by - Wallace Deuel SCENE 1 - A GOVERNMENT OFFICE - where Hans' par- ents have come to be married. The couple march down the aisle to the strains of Wagner's Wedding March played in military fashion. They stop be- fore a nazi official. He is a tough, gangster type. He wears an SA uniform. On the wall behind him hangs a picture of Hitler (where the cross would be in a church); on one side of it a naked sword and on the other a swastika banner. He stands behind a caricature of an altar, with a nazi banner hanging over it. In his hand he holds a copy of Mein Kampf, something as a preacher would hold a Bible. The couple are indicated only as nondescript human beings of no particular personality. THE COUPLE (together, in a somewhat hur- ried monotone) "Herr Party Official, we hereby submit ourselves to the authority of the allpowerful state to be united in the bonds of matrimony." 575 Page 2 - THE BRIDEGROOM (producing official documents and laying them down on the "altar one after another as he speake) "In accordance with law, I hereby submit the birth certificates of my parents, my grandparents and my great-grandparents also the marriage certificates of all of them." THE BRIDE (same business) "In accordance with law I hereby submit the birth certificates of my parents, my grandparents and my great-grandparents, also the mar- riage certificates of all of them." THE COUPLE (together and in the same manner) "Herr Party Official, we hereby submit the certificate of the race policy office of the Party that we are both entirely Aryan. Herr Party Official, we also hereby submit the certificate of the Health Office of the Party declaring that we are sturdy specimens, sound of wind and limb and suitable for mating. Herr Party Official, we further hereby submit the report of the Party Office certifying that our morals, our intelligences and our political reliability are beyond reproach. Page 3 - 576 THE OFFICIAL (gives the nazi salute, which the couple return. He speaks in a loud, rasping voice) "My German racial comrades, I congratulate you in the name of the Fuehrer upon your decision to unite in the bonds of a relationship so blessed by the State. Germany needs many children... OFFSTAGE VOICE "The price of conquest is a heavy one." THE OFFICIAL .For the future belongs to the strong and the numerous. I solemnly remind you that it is your duty to German-blooded bear many children. children, like yourselves, for your Fatherland." (he goes into a sing-song voice) "And now I pronounce you man and wife in the eyes of the Fuehrer and Fatherland." (changes back to loud, rasping voice) "I hereby present you with a gift from the State to mark this blessed occasion." (he hands them a copy of Mein Kampf "And I also hereby present you with your hereditary passport, which you are to keep and to fill out and have with you at all times for checking by the State." Page 4 - 577 (He hands them a little pamphlet looking like a passport. He then turns his back on the couple and gives the salute to the picture of Hitler behind him, turns again and gives it to the couple. They return the salute). CLOSEUP - HEREDITARY PASSPORT - Across the top, in Gothic letters, "Thy Bodies Belong to Thy Fatherland." Below that, in somewhat smaller Gothic letters, the words, "Children born to the Hasen- pfeffer Family." Then, filling each page, six on each side of the opened passport, spaces for the names and dates of birth of twelve children. This is at first blank, then fades in to a first entry, wi th the name left blank but the sex - male and a date entered. Then into the same scene as before except that the mother holds a baby. THE COUPLE (speaking together and in the as before) same somewhat hurried monotone "Herr Party Official, in accordance with law. we hereby present our firstborn child, a boy. We have come to register his birth and choose a name." Page 5 - 578 THE OFFICIAL (speaking also as before) "I congratulate you in the name of the Fuehrer and Fatherland. A male child 1" (triumphantly) "A future fighter for Germany A name? Gut ! Here is a list of the names you may choose from." (he hands them an other pamphlet) CLOSEUP - PAMPHLET - At the top of the page, the word "Verboten" in Gothic letters, and then, below on the left-hand corner, the word, "Boys," and on the right-hand side, the word, "Girls." Names listed on the boys' page include: Charles (special permission required), Samuel, Joshua, Abraham, Franklin, Winston, Jere- miah, etc.; names listed on the girls' side include Esther, Judith, Mary, Genevieve, etc. etc. OFFSTAGE VOICE (while the couple look into the book) "Yes, it's incredible, isn't it? Such things don't happen, you say -even in Germany? But they do happen. The regime's control over the names that may be given children is provided for by law, and the names in this book are all specifically forbidden by Wil- Page 6 - 579 OFFSTAGE VOICE (cont'd) helm Frick, Minister of the Interior. Lincoln would have had to have another name try." if he'd been born in a nazi counTHE COUPLE (in a supplicating tone, bowing) "Herr Party Official, we would like to call our little ceptable?" boy Hans. Is that acTHE OFFICIAL (screwing up his face to think) "Han ??so." Hans? Is that name allowed? I think (then with a combination of graciousness ill-becoming him, and of doubt) "Vell, in any event, let us say now you may use it -- und if the State decides to forbid that name, ve can alvays change it again later." OFFSTAGE VOICE "But now let us take a look into Hans' room.. SCENE 2 - HANS' ROOM - A typical boy's room. The camera pans around the room. On the wall, a picture of Hitler and crossed swastika flags. Hans is lying, perfectly still, in a child's bed. His mother hovers over the bed, her back to the Page 7 - 580 camera. OFFSTAGE VOICE (continuing) "Hans is growing up. So far, he's pret ty much Somet imeslike he'ssmall like boys a littleeverywhere. like a little angel, and timearmhe's of the Party reaches But and most sometimes the of long the he's like animal both. clear into little Hans' home. That's provided for by law, too. (There is a loud, insistent knocking on the door. The mother, without taking her eyes off the child, calls out:) MOTHER "Herein! Come in." Party Official enters, flinging door open so that it crashes into wall. He is wearing uniform, as before. He stops on the threshhold, clicks his heels, salutes, and barks, "Heil Hitler 1" MOTHER (still wi thout moving) "Good morning, Herr Party Official." PARTY OFFICIAL (insisting) "Heil Hitler!" 581 Page 8 MOTHER (straightens up, turns until she is facing official, gives salute. In a weak voice): "Heil Hitler, Herr Party Official." PARTY OFFICIAL "So your Hans is sick, is he?" MOTHER submissively, and yet with her interest still on the child) "Yes, Herr Party Official." PARTY OFFICIAL (goes over to the bed, looks in) "This doesn't surprise me, Frau Hasenpfeffer. You've been mollycoddling the boy." (his voice rises) "Always and always and forever you must remember, Frau Hasenpfeffer, your son belongs to the Fuehrer. He must be brought up to be a soldier of his Father land. All this namby-pamby business must stop! You hear me? It must stop!! And at once. It iss my duty to warn you that if you do not mend your ways, we will take this child from you and bring him up properly. In the new Germany there is no room for ninniesili (he backs away from the bed and glares at the woman, She bows her head submissively) Page 9 - 582 MOTHER "I know he belongs to the Fatherland, Herr Party Official. As a good German I approve. Germany must have its right place in the world. Only the sword can win that for us. But -he is still such a baby 1" PARTY OFFICIAL (outraged) "Your Hans a baby 11 He is almost six. -He will soon be a man. He must be strong, I tell you, strong -- yes, and tough. For the last time I warn you. Take heed is" MOTHER (she draws herself up, looks at the official for an instant, then throws back her shoulders and gives the salute) "Heil Hitler." PARTY OFFICIAL "Heil Hitler " (he returns the salute, bows and leaves as he has come. His uniform cap has remained on his head thr roughout the dialogue). OFFSTAGE VOICE "A few mothers didn't quite 'understand' that the Party could enter their homes and tell them how to bring up their children, but the Party set them straight on that in short order. You can find a complete account of it in the nazis' Page 10 - 583 OFFSTAGE VOICE (cont'd) own newspapers. The Party has taken children away from their parents, all right, on no more grievous a charge than this. "But where can the child get away from -the party? In his fairy tales, perhaps? Oh, no. Not even there. Little Snow White is a personification of Germany -according to the nazis. Why? Because the story says she was white as snow, red as a rose and black as ebony -- and aren't these the German national colors? And let's take a look at what has become of the Sleeping Beauty SCENE 3 - A representation of the Sleeping Beauty being kissed awake by the Prince. As the scene opens, it is straight and very lovely and seems to be taken straight from the old tale. The Prince is bending over the girl, and the audience does not see either him or her very clearly. But gradually, as he kisses her and straightens up and steps back, and as she awakens, it becomes evident that she is a typical little German Gretchen, not very attractive but not too unat tractive, and that he is Hitler, and a swastika appears here or there in the background. While this occurs, the voice offstage explains: Page 11 - 584 OFFSTAGE VOICE "Yes, this is unbelievable, too -- but it's true. It's even official. The nazis say that the Sleeping Bearty really is a symbol of Germany, bewitched a who Hitler. isn't kiss by that its to the enemies obviously Prince into wakens long her Funny, sleep, with and a it? Laughable, isn't it? But don't laugh now. Wait until you see what becomes of this sort of thing, in Germany. Let's to school with our budding young nazi, go Hans." SCENE 4 - THE CONVENTIONAL DOORWAY OF A HOME - Frau Hasenpfeffer is sending Hans off to school. She starts to bend over to kiss him, but he fends her off, steps back, draws himself up, salutes, and says, "Heil Hitler!" She instantly straightens up, too - also salutes - and says, with just enough enthusiasm 80 that it sounds sincere and nobody will feel sorry for her: "Heil Hitler !" Hans is bigger than in the last scene, say about six or seven years old, and is wearing a Hitler Youth uniform: no hat, khaki shirt with the special Hitler Youth armband, open at throat, black shorts, short stockings and big, heavy marching shoes. He goes off toward school in an automationlike step something like a goose step. FADE OUT and into the classroom. Page 12 585 SCENE 5 - THE CLASSROOM - A conventional picture much like an American schoolroom, with little individual desks for each child. The pupils are at their desks, but restless and talking. The teacher is not yet there. Hanging on the wall behind the teacher's table, a picture of Hitler. On one side, a swastika flag. On the other, a naked sword over which are the words, "Blood and Honor." Also on the wall a map of the Western Hemisphere, with swastikas marked at New York, Washington, Chicago, and other key points. On the blackboard, a frightful caricature of Uncle Sam, with the name, Onkel Sam chalked under it. The teacher enters. He is in much the same uniform as the Party Officials have worn, with a big revolver in its holster on his hip. He stamps across the room to his table, turns, and faces the pupids, raises his arm, clicks his heels and shouts: TEACHER "Heil Hitler, children." Page 13 - 586 CHILDREN (they have stopped all their talk and moving the instant the teacher entered, Jumped to their feet beside their desks and raised their arms in the salute, too. They are all dressed like Hans) "Heil Hit ler." TEACHER (stands by his desk) "Take your places, children." (the children do 80. The teacher speaks in the same - or same sort of - loud, rasping voice as the other officials) "Today we will take our arithmetic first." (The boys rustle papers as they open their books) "And now let us take the first exercise in today' lessons. Boys -- how fast can a good bomber fly?" BOYS (together 1 "Two hundred miles an hour, Herr Teacher. 587 Page 14 TEACHER " (He turns back to the blackboard and draws a rough map showing Engl and and the continent, with Lond on, Paris and Berlin marked on it) "Yes, boys, that is as good a figure to use as any." (still with his back to the class while he is drawing) "And now, children, how far is it from the nearest English flying fields to Berlin?" BOYS (together) "Three hours, Herr Teacher." TEACHER "That is correct." (turning back to the class) "And now let us take the next exer- eise in today's lesson. Here it is: A German bomber can carry 3,000 pounds of bomb-load from the nearest flying field to London. The plane takes 2,000 pounds weight of high explosive bomb and 1,000 pounds weight of incendiary bomb. What proportion of the total load does the high explosive load equal?" SCENE 6 - The scene of the CLASSROOM FADES OUT during these remarks, into a REPRESENTATION OF BOMBERS IN FLIGHT, then an AERIAL SHOT OF LONDON, then Page 15 - 588 BOMBS FALLING, then EXPLOSIONS. This scene con- tinues, with sound effects, including exultant German music, throughout the following exchange of questions and answers between teacher and boys, culminating in ground-view CLOSEUPS of a CITY BURNING, fading into the SMOKING RUINS, while the music, however, goes on ever more triumphant. BOYS (together) "Two-thirds of the total, Herr Teacher." TEACHER "And now, boys, who has the best bombing planes?" BOYS (loud and sure) "Germany, Herr Teacher Germany1 Sieg Heild Sieg Heil TEACHER "Naturally Germany has the best bombing planes. And who has the most bombing planes?" BOYS (again loud and sure) "Ger many, Herr Teacher, Germany! Sieg Heil & Sieg Heil. 2nd Page 16 589 TEACHER "Of course Germany has the most planes, and who haspilots?" the best pilots, boys, and the bravest BOYS (even surer and even louder "Germany, Herr Teacher, Germany Sieg Heil! Sieg Heild TEACHER (pleased) "Naturally, naturally. And so, boys, it was very foolish of those other people to attack Germany, wasn't it? Because of course they 've been taught a lesson they won't soon forget, boys, haven't they? They'11 never have another chance to attack our beloved Fatherland, will they? Our Fuehrer has shown these other people a thing or two, hasn't he, boys?" BOYS (very loud and sure) u Jawohl, Herr Teacher, jawohl 1" (they go into a triumphant chorus) "Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil!" etc. (This gradually fades and the music FADES and the crackling of the flames fades and the sound of many hob-nailed boots, marching to discordant march music comes in.) Page 17 - 590 OFFSTAGE VOICE "Yes, it's quite a lesson indeed that is being taught, isn't it? It's a good lesson to learn, isn't it? It doewn't does it?" seem quite so funny now, TEACHER "Ja! Gut And so now we have finished our arithmetic lesson and we will go on next to our lesson in nature study. Yesterday we went for a fine walk in the country, and you kept your eyes open, I hope, for the things we must look out for in the country, and now we will talk about what we saw." SCENE 7 - The Teacher pulls down a picture of a lovely little valley, with low hills covered with trees on the opposite side. Down the valley flows a quiet stream. CLOSEUP SHOTS show ant s, bees on the flowers, rabbits gambolling on the grass, and a fox standing quietly under a tree in the middle dis- tance. The scene is ut terly idyllic. TEACHER (in same harsh, rasping voice as before) "Aha! So: Now we will seewhat we can learn from the study of nature! Let us see who has learned his lessons well, and knows what to look for 1 Hans Hasenpfeffer 1" Page 18 - 591 HANS "Yes, Herr Teacher." TEACHER "Hans, tellme: look at this valley and tell me what you see." (warningly) "Think carefully now." HANS (he hesitates, starts to say something, stops, stammers, and then speaks out firmly and surely at last) "Herr Teacher, I see a battle-ground." TEACHER (gratified) "Gut Very good, Hans, very good in- deed Go ahead my boy. What else do you see?" HANS (surer of himself, hesitates only an instant) "Well, Herr Teacher, I see cover for defending infantry in the woods on the opposite bank -- infantry and machine guns. And I see that the stream 18 really not much good as an obstacle to the attacking troops from this side -or of course (hastily) if the troops from the other side were attacking, they would have an advantage, because they could bring up reserves in the woods and the troops on this side may- Page 19 592 HANS (continued) be couldn't find out about it -- in time." TEACHER (vastly pleased) "But that is excellent, my Hans, excellent! You will grow up to be a fine soldier""of the Fuehrer -- maybe an officer (The voices continue to be heard throughout the rest of the scene. At the same time a subtle change comes over the scene: it is no longer idyllic, but somehow sinister. The fox fixes greedy eyes on the rabbit. The rabbit cowers in fear. Birds perched on trees begin to look like vultures. The ants and bees look stupid and automaton-like. These latter march and move in unison, in motions reminiscent of military movements. A larger and tough-looking bee (and ant ) is ordering his fellows around). TEACHER (in a change of voice, explaining, but still loud and rasping) "And now let us look even more closely at what we see. Let us learn the lessons of nature well, boys." (The fox stalks a rabbit, springs on it and eats it, while the dialogue continues) Page 20 - 593 TEACHER (pleased and excited) "There boys?" boys, there! Do you see that, BOYS (slightly gloating) "Jawohl, Herr Teacher, yes indeed. We see it." TEACHER "And what do you see, boys?" (warningly) "Stop to think before you answer : Stop to think!" BOYS (together) "We see a case of the survival of the fittest, Herr Teacher." TEACHER (delighted) "Splendid, boys ! And how do we feel about this little lesson, Hans?" HANS (forgetting himself "The poor rabbit." 594 Page 21 TEACHER (outraged) "What, Hans!?" (wi th bitter scorn) 'The poor rabbit' indeed! What kind of a ninny are you, anyway?" (the other boys laugh scornfully and raucously) "Ha! I see that our precious little Hansel is the only sissy. That, at least, is something. Nah, then, boys, what do you see in this lesson?" BOYS (together) "Herr Teacher, we see that the world belongs to the strong." (The background of music, which began as a pas- torale, is gradually shifting over to a cacophonous march with lots of bass and snare drum, cymbals and strong, heavy brass). TEACHER "To the strong, yes. That is correct. And BOYS (together) "And to the brutal, Herr Teacher ." Page 22 - 595 TEACHER "To the brutal, yes, that is right. And....?" BOYS (together, their voices rising on each reply and growing louder as the music does; sound of many marching hob-nailed boots fades in) "And to the ruthless, too, Herr Teacher !" TEACHER (somewhat mollified) "Yes, yes, that is right ! To the ruth- less, too. And what do we feel toward this miserable, weak, cowering rabbit, boys? -- not you, Hans, little mama's darling, but you others -- what do you feel?" BOYS (together and still louder) "The rabbit is weak and cowardly and he deserves only death, Herr Teacher. We spit on the rabbit." (Camera now turns on ants and bees, which have become even more robot-like than before; the music and marching feet FADE slightly so as not to preoccupy the audience's attention. The ants and bees keep step with the boots and music). Page 23 596 TEACHER "And now, boys, let us study the bees and the ants. What do we see here? You, little mama's darling, Hans, what do you see here?" HANS (badly scared, shamed and anxious to redeem himself) "Please, Herr Teacher we see here the principle of order (hesitates, searching his memory) "Yes, and the principle of discipline --" (gaining confidence) "...of authority, Herr Teacher, of authority -- and of organization, Herr Teacher. TEACHER (somewhat mollified) "Yes, my little Hans, that is right. better, I see." This lesson you understand a little (to the other boys) "And now, boys, what lessons do we learn from all this study of nature for our daily lives -- yes, for our beloved Fatherland?" BOYS (loudly, proudly, toge ther) "Herr Teacher, we learn that the man who is strong is the man who wins. Page 24 - 597 BOYS (continued) Herr Teacher, we learn that the nation that's strong is the nation that wins. Herr Teacher, we learn that order and liscipline and authority and organiza- tion are theHeil." rules of nature. Sieg Heil! Sieg TEACHER "Ja, ja, that is right, that is correct, that is as it should be, is it not, my young comrades?" (scornfully) "And did we see anything of democracy in nature this afternoon, my young com- rades?" (boys laugh scornfully and rau- cously) "And did we see anything of the meek inheriting the earth, my young comrades?" (boys laugh as before) "But there is a place where we can see the operation of democracy, is there not, my young comrades?" BOYS (call out confusedly and eagerly) "Yes, yes, Herr Teacher ; "I know: "Let me tell Herr Teacher !" etc. Page 25 - 598 TEACHER "And where is it, my young comrades, where we see democracy at work -- de- mocracy, with its soft, spoiled, COWardly people, with all their noise and filth and disorganization?" BOYS "In America! In America." (As their voices rise, the brass band and marching feet fade in stronger and stronger, with the roar of plane motors used in previous case of bombings, plus sounds of devastation; they reach their climax with the boys' last sentence, then FADE OUT) TEACHER "Und now, my young comrades, ve come to our history lesson. For today, ve take Amerika. HANS (anxious to restore himself to favor) "Please, Herr Teacher, that was a fine joke -- 'We take Amerika. We will take Amerika, won't we, Herr Teacher?" (Boys laugh boastfully and uproariously) Page 26 1. 599 TEACHER "Vell, vell, my little Hans, vat a joker you are,One to be or sure. Yes, are over Our beloved Fuehrer will find the way. that Dey ve that vill is right. all take cowards Amerika, way there. another is right. But now we must consider the history of Amerika and see what it teaches us." SCENE 9 - Classroom scene FADES OUT and into CLOSE- UP OF PILGRIMS, conventional and heroic, against a background of ship's rigging or deck, to give the idea of being on the Mayflower. Then into a LONG SHOT of the MAYFLOWER AT SEA. Then the long shot FADES into a SINISTER CARICATURE OF THE SHIP, then back to a CLOSEUP OF THE PILGRIMS who now also look sleazy and cheap -- like jailbirds. Sound effect: at the beginning "America The Beautiful" straight - then, as transformation OCcurs, into a parody of it, with braying laughter from the brass or winds. This all occurs during the course of the following exchange between Teacher and Boys). TEACHER "Now then, boys -- who was it who settled Amerika? Aha! Dot I see you all know! Well, Hans, who was it?" Page 27 - 600 HANS "Please, Herr Teacher, it was good-fornothings who couldn't get along where they were and had to leave their homes." TEACHER "So far, so good. Yes, that is right. And who else settled Amerika? You, then, Johann?" JOHANN "Please, Herr Teacher, also there were criminals who were running away. Yes, and some were sent there in order to get rid of them, Herr Teacher." TEACHER "Fine, fine. Yes, that also is right. And who else helped settle this land Amerika? Yes, Fritz -- you?" FRITZ "Please, Herr Teacher, there were many cowards, too -- they were men who were afraid to fight and so they ran away to Amerika." TEACHER "Splendid, Fritz, yess, that is splendid. Good-for-nothings, criminals and cowards: Yes, these are the people who settled Amerika. But we still have forgotten something very important, boys; we have forgotten vot 1ss de most important thing -- the race question. Vot about de races in Amerika. Are these people Nordics, these Amerikaner?" Page 28 601 BOYS (they laugh, raucously) "Ach, no, Herr Teacher. They are not Nordics. They are a little of everything, Herr Teacher. They are a mishmash -- a mush -- of races. All the scum of Europe -- ja and Asia -- that is what these Americans are." (During this dialogue, the scene of the gangsterPilgrims on the prison ship Mayflower FADES OUT and into an allegorical representation of UNCLE SAM welcoming and shaking hands with a series of figures portraying each of several nationalities -- Irish, French, Swedish, Norwegian, Italian, Greek, etc., who turn slowly into soldiers in revolutionary uniforms, cowboys, pioneers, soldiers in Civil war uniforms, rough riders, sailors, marines and so into first World War uniforms. Sound effect at beginning Yankee Doodle, then some music about out on the range, then with a period-piece song for each phase. As the dialogue proceeds, this FADES INTO a scene of a HUGE, BLOATED, FILTHY POT stewing and bubbling over a sinister fire. Into this scene come low-life types of various nationalities -- a Parisian apache, a Neapolitan thug, a moronic-looking Swede, a shanty-Irishman, etc. They creep and crawl up Page 29 - 602 a ladder at one side of the pot and slip and fall in. Out of the opposite side of the pot they crawl, slimy, all like loathesome-looking "American" gangsters. Sound effects: the same songs as before, but parodied and with the brassy laugh ef- fect). TEACHER "Ja, ja, dot is right. The scum from everywhere, these Amerikaner, that is what they are -- all mixed up together from different races und nationalities into a mush, a stew of inferior peoples. And vot do these Amerikaner themselves (scornfully) call this crime against race purity -- this mixture of all that is bad into some thing that is even worse?" BOYS (eagerly, scornfully, together) "They call it the 'melting pot, Herr Teacher." (they laugh uproariously) TEACHER "Yes, that is right, my young comrades, that is right. They call it a 'melting pot. IN (more laughter) "And now, my young comrades, let us see what all this teaches us. We all know about race, don't we?" 603 Page 30 P BOYS (together "Yes, yes, Horr Teacher.* TEACHER "We all know what happens when inforior races mix their blood, don't we, boys?" BOYS (together) "Yes, yes, Herr Teacher." TEACHER "Vell, well, ja dot is right. We know what happens. And what kind of a country do we get when such things happen?" BOYS BY (together, scornfully) "Please, Herr Teacher, we get a demoeracy and a land of gangsters. (Sound effect: barnyard squawking and revolver shots. The gangaters emerging from the melting pot are shooting wildly among each other and in all directions.) Page 31 - 604 TEACHER "Jawohl, Jawhol, yes, that is right. A democracy and a land of gangsters." (During the dialogue which now ensues, the gangsters and melting pot fade in to a LOW-LIFE DANCE HALL. The men are the same gangsters as before. They are accompanied by tough-looking molls, indecently dressed and comporting themselves like trollops. There is a scene of general debauchery and degeneracy.) TEACHER (continuing) "That is all we can expect from scum and cowards of inferior race -- a land of gangsters. The American women -they are worse than the men. They do not work -- oh, no They do not stay home and keep house and have many babies, like our good German mothers -- oh, no What do they do, instead? I will tell you what they do: they dress immodestly, these American girls. They put on much rouge and lipstick, these American girls. They show themselves to the men like women of the streets, they do. They are only bad, loose women. And the men -- the so-called men -- what do they do? Nothing but cheat and rob and do what their girls tell them to do -the soft, fat, lazy cowards. Ach, no, we have nothing to fear from these Amerikaner, my young friends. We'll take care of them all right." (his voice has been rising into greater and greater contempt) Page 32 - 605 (Sound effects during this scene, old-fashioned jazz, parodied). TEACHER (continuing) "And now, my young comrades, one more lesson we have to learn from all this: we must not take these things for granted, must we? Always we must have proof for what we say. Why do we know we will certainly take care of these Amerikaner? What is the reason why we know we will beat them?" BOYS (confusedly clamoring for the privilege of answering this allimportant question) "I know, Herr Teacher." "Please let me answer, Herr Teacher." etc. TEACHER (pleased and triumphant) "Vell, vell, this is very fine indeed. -I see that this lesson you have well learned. Aha! Well, let us give our little Hans an opportunity to speak. Now then, Hans, how do we know?" HANS (his voice ringing with pride and assurance and grown older since beginning) "Please Herr Teacher, we know this is right because our race theory explains it. We know it is right because these Page 34 - 606 HANS (continued) Amer ikaner are racial degenerates and (his voice rising) because we Germans, Herr Teacher, we Germans -- we are a master People." (his voice rising more and more, and approaching a scream) "Ja, ja, Herr Teacher, a Master People, that Is what we Germans are! Nordics: race of rulers -- of masters, Herr Teacher! We will smash dese Amerikaner, Herr Teacher, these inferior Amerikaner and all the other inferior, slave peoples!! Our Fuehrer has told us this, Herr Teacher, our beloved Fuehrer has told us all about it!!" (Hans' voice, ever more hysterical, FADES OUT, and the sound of other boys' voices -- many of them -- comes in. Some are screaming like Hans, and underneath there is a bass chorus of Sieg Heils, gradually coming in stronger and in march tempo, then into brass-band effect and sound of marching feet, and scene FADES BACK INTO CLASS- ROOM where boys are giving salute and chanting Sieg Heils, standing. This FADES INTO SCENE IN GREAT ARENA, with grown men listening to Hitler. Sound of marching feet comes in stronger, with brass band; this FADES INTO AN ARMY MARCHING, sound effects reaching a climax.) Page 35 - 607 OFFSTAGE VOICE "Yes -- well, it isn't 80 terribly funny of ter all, is it? It isn't so uproar- lously comical to have a whole generation brought up to think -- or feel -- the way these boys are brought up to feel, is it? "Our friend Han s is somewhere in that marching army -- but he's not our old friend Han s any more. He's just one more of the army. Do you feel sorry for him -- or for his parents? Well, don 't. His parents want the things that their Hans has gone off to get for them -and for himself. And if you want to feel sorry for somebody, try feeling sorry for the people whose homes Hans and his fellow-soldiers have destroyed and will go right on destroying until they are stopped. The terrible thing about it all is that Hans and the others really believe what their teachers have told them. They really believe America is like that. And there is only one way to teach them how wrong they are -- on- ly one way. That is to prove it. "BUY DEFENSE BONDS!" et. 1-27-42 608 (Note: This is intended for Narration to a beat under the marching feet) Marching feet Forever marching Old and young Tired and strong Monotonous Continuous That endless beat of marching feet. Sieg Heil! For we are the super men The Lords of Creation The great German nation All others are slaves To be ground to the dust As we march to the rhythm Of Germanic drums. 609 2-- Salute : Heil Hitler! And blindly they march To follow the Fuehrer Destroying all ego To merge with the brutal, Fanatical mob Hysterically screaming Sieg Heil! Heil Hitler! Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil ! Ever on they pound! Those marching feet of the master race The Lords of Creation The great German nation Goosestepping into Oblivion 3 - 610 Ever on they pound To the tempo of hate, Murder and fear The ruthless tramp Of the master race The Lords of Creation The blind, foolish nation Goosestepping into Oblivion! et. 611 3-3-42 Mr. . Schwarz talked to Mr. Pearson who said he would slip the article in the first chance they get. They are trying to get something on a similar subject to go with it. Mr. Pearson expects the article will be used soon. 612 February 27, 1942. 613 for Mr. Schwarz: Reason the Lend-Lease Administration is largely made ⑉ of Treasury Department personnel is because Henry Mor~ genthan was first man in the Cabinet to pioneer the sale of planes to the Allies. Therefore, many of his men, able Gounsel Oscar Cox and Phil Young, son of General Electric's Owen D. Young, are running the show. Mergenthau and Roosevelt, even as early as 1939, at a time when the Senate Military Affairs Committee was berating them, had conceived the idea that production of AmeriGRO airplanes for France and Britain would expand our air- plane factories for use in case we got into the war. AS that time no one dreamed France would fold, and Morgenthau got tone of Senate oriticism heaped upon him The French test pilot cracked up in Los Angeles, reTEALING that the French had placed orders here. Later we took over most of these Franch planes--though have been rusting away on Martinque. Note: Roosevelt was denounced by Senator Nye and $solationists four years ago when he was quoted as "The American frontier is on the Rhine. Only miswas he should have said it was Africa, Australia, and Ireland. Drew Pearson. 614 MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS REPUBLIC OF CHINA March 3, 1942 Dear Mr. Bell: I am in receipt of a reply on the draft of the Loan Agreement from the Generalissimo dated February 25th, which I delayed presenting to you owing to a visit to Canada. The Generalissimo is very appreciative of the generous spirit that characterized the draft Agreement and desires me to convey his grateful appreciation to the Secretary. As to details he suggested the following points: 1. Reactions in Chungking as to Article II appear to be that the U. S. Government will in some way pass judgment on the uses to which the Loan may be put, and thereby limits in some degree the freedom of making disbursement. As China in any case would like to keep the Secretary informed, and as the Secretary has in the past without any agreement always exerted himself on every occasion to help China, he suggests that Article II is unnecessary, since it makes of such voluntary acts mandatory. He therefore hopes that Article II may be dropped. 2 (a) As the whole energy of the people is concentrated on winning the war, he hopes that the final determination of the terms upon which the financial aid is given should be left until after the war. He suggests that the phrase "after the war" should appear in Article III, coming after the phrase "deferred until the progress of events" in the opening sentence. 2 (b) Although greatly appreciative of the United States waiving interest, he believes that the lofty plane of cooperation between the United through States and China would be aided by dropping all reference to interest deleting the clause "no interest charges shall be made for the financial aid herein provided". 2 (c) For the purpose of clarification that the final determination and of the terms upon which the financial aid is given should be a bilateral of not a unilateral measure, he would suggest that in the final sentence 615 Mr. D. W. Bell -2- March 3, 1942 Article III the words the "United States and China shall take full cognisance of" should come after the words "In determining the final terms and benefits". In order to make the suggestions clearer I am enclosing the draft Agreement with such alterations as are suggested in the telegram. The Generalissimo again bids me to say that such textual changes as he suggested are only to heighten the impression of the Chinese people at this unprecedentedly generous act of the American Government and people. Would you be good enough to pass on the suggestions to your colleagues for their kind consideration. Yours sincerely, T. V. Soong Enclosure Mr. D. W. Bell Under Secretary of the Treasury Treasury Department Washington, D. C. 616 SUGGESTED DRAFT CHANGES WHEREAS the Governments of the United States of America and of the Republic of China are engaged together with other nations and peoples of like mind, in a cooperative undertaking against common enemies, to the end of laying the bases of a just and enduring world peace securing order under law to themselves and all nations and WHEREAS, the United States and China are signatories to the Declaration of United Nations of January 1st 1942 which declares that "each government pledges itself to employ its full resources, military or economic, against those members of the Tripartite Pact and its adherents with which such government is at war"; and WHEREAS the Congress of the United States, in unaminously passing Public Law No. 442 approved February 7, 1942 has declared that financial and economic aid to China will increase China's ability to oppose the forces of aggression and that the defense of China is of the greatest possible importance, and has authorized the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States with the approval of the President, to give financial aid to China and WHEREAS, such financial aid will enable China to strengthen greatly its war efforts against the common enemies by helping China to (1) Strengthen its currency, monetary, banking and econimic system; (2) Finance and promote increased production, acquisition and distribution of necessary goods; (3) Retard the rise of prices, promote stability of economic relationships and otherwise check inflation; (4) Prevent hoarding of foods and other materials; (5) Improve means of transportation and communication; (6) Effect further social and economic measures and which will safeguard the unity of the Chinese people; (7) Meet military needs and take other appropriate measures in its war effort. -2- 617 In order to achieve these purposes, the undersigned being duly authorised by their respective Governments for that purpse, have agreed as follows: ARTICLE I The Secretary of the Treasury of the United States agrees to establish - forthwith on the books of the United States Treasury a credit in the name of the - Government of the Republic of China in the amount of 500,000,000 U.S. Dollars. The Secretary of the Treasury shall make transfers from this credit, in such amounts and at such times as the Government of the Republic of China shall request, to an account or accounts in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the name of the Government of the Republic of China or any agencies designated by it. Such transfers may be requested by and such accounts at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may be drawn upon by the Government of the Republic of China either directly or through such persons or agencies as it shall authorize. ARTICLE II (Originally Article III) The final determination of the terms upon which this financial aid is given, including the benefits to be rendered the United States in return, is deferred until the progress of events after the war makes clearer the final terms and benefits which will be in the mitual interest of the United States and China and will promote the establishment of lasting world peace and security. In determining the final terms and benefits the United States and China shall take full cognizance of the desirability of maintaining a healthy and stable economic and financial situation in China in the post-war period as well as during the war and to the desirability of promoting mutually advantageous economic and financial relations between the United States and China and the betterment of world-wide economic and financial relations. ARTICLE IV This agreement shall take effect as from this day's date. 618 TO: O Inside appointment Request. Fally Timmous (acting for Pehle). Ready to talk on this J.D.C. matter. From: 3/2/42 Lieut. Stephens ze TREASURY DEPARTMENT L 7 619 INTER OFFICE COMMUNICATION DATE TO Secretary Morgenthau FROM Messrs. Foley and Pehle MAR 3 - 1942 You will recall that you received a cable from two refugee organizations in Shanghai, dated January 22, copy of which cable is attached. On January 29, we sent you a memorandum, copy of which is also attached, indicating that the matter had been discussed with the Red Cross, and that the Red Cross had suggested that possibly the JDC might remit through the State Department. You were also advised that the JDC was attempting to make arrangements for a remittance of funds against the payment of $90,000 to some one in this country who was holding in Shanghai the equivalent in local currency. The JDC has now filed an application to pay $90,000 to one Anatole Ponevejsky, New York, against the transfer of the equivalent in local currency to the JDC's committee in Shanghai. We feel that this application must be denied in spite of the obvious desperate plight of the refugees in Shanghai and in spite of the fact that no free foreign exchange would become available through the transaction to the enemy. There are, of course, thousands of people in the United States who desire to make remittances to enemy (and enemy-occupied) countries. These are people who have relatives and close friends in such areas dependent upon them for support. The only remittances to enemy territories presently being allowed are remittances of from $60 to $80 per month to American citizens only, which remittances may be effected only through the State Department and the Swiss Government, which represents our interests in 620 -2such areas. The ordinary American citizen who wishes to remit to non-American citizens in enemy-occupied territory cannot make arrangements so as to effect remittances against blocked dollars, and the principle which we are following in regulating remittances is that no remittances should be permitted to such areas except to American citizens through the State Department. The effective control of transactions with the enemy requires that private communications with enemy territory be prohibited entirely. If we allow the JDC to communicate with enemy territory and work out special arrangements for transmitting funds to such areas we cannot readily deny similar privileges to other private persons. The plight of large numbers of people in such areas as Shanghai, Poland and Greece cannot, of course, be dealt with through the remittance of funds, but must be dealt with, if at all, by actual importation of food. In certain cases food has been allowed to be sent into Greece to relieve conditions there. 9.1.7L Joses 621 P Y SHANGHAI 242 PM JAN 22 1942 DLT Morgenthau Treasury Dept Washington Twenty thousand Jewish refugees from Central Eastern Europe facing hunger death already no funds for bread local Jewish communities now penniless implore grant Joint Relief Association permission remit funds via Switzerland other neutral countries prohibition remittances will be inhuman similar sentencing death children women escaped from Europe. Topas Chairman Shanghai Jewish Askenazi Communi Assn Communal Assn of Jewish Refugees Sephardin Comunal Assn. 622 January 29, 1942 Secretary Morgenthau Messrs. Foley and Pehle This is a report- on the cable you have received from the refugee organization in Shanghai, a copy of which is attached. Mr. Bell called Norman Davis of the Red Cross who said that when war broke out with Japan the Red Cross had approxi- mately 1,000 tons of wheat at Shanghai which it was distributing to 3500 Americans and 20,000 refugees. Another ship was on the water when the war began but has not been heard from since. The Red Cross suggested that possibly the JDC might remit through the State Department. Pehle discussed this matter with M. A. Leavitt of the JDC, which before the outbreak of war remitted approximately $30,000 a month to Shanghai for the support of 20,000 refugees. The JDC has heard that there is a possibility that it can obtain local currency in Shanghai against the payment of $90,000 to an as yet unnamed American in this country. The JDC secured the permission of Navy Censorship to cable Shanghai via South America to ascertain the name and address of this American. Mr. Leavitt has indicated that when they receive a reply from Shanghai he will communicate with us further. It is our recommendation that no reply be made at this time to the cable from Shanghai. 623 TELEGRAM SENT CB March 3, 1942 This telegram must be paraphrased before being 2 p.m. communicated to anyone other than a Governmental agency. (BR) AMEMBASSY, CHUNGKING (CHINA) 144 FOR ADLER FROM FOX. QUOTE. 1. Evans of American Red Cross has raised question of transfer of funds to China. He raises objection to conversion of United States dollars into rupees under General License 75; reports that Board refused to act in my absence and has requested that I instruct Board to waive General License 75. 2. Before the matter can be taken up intelligently with the Treasury, full facts are needed. I am supposed to have the full facts, but these facts are no longer clear to me. 3. What hardships are imposed on the American Red Cross in employing General License 75? END QUOTE. WELLES (Acting) (FL) FD:FL:EMcB Copy 3-4-42 FE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY March 3, 1942. MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: Secretary Morgenthau Mr. Gaston Walt er Fitzmaurice of News Week called me to ask if he might obtain on behalf of Ernest Lindley and Forrest Davis some details of the movement of gold last year from Casablanca to the United States. This is for the purpose of a book which these two are writing which is to be a diplo- matic history of the United States covering the period from the fall of France to the present. According to Fitzmaurice it has the approval both of the White House and the State Department and the manuscript will be censored by the State Department. Forrest Davis is the author of a recent book entitled "The Atlantic System," which I am told is highly regarded by the Administration. - mg. Treasury Department Division of Monetary Research625 Date To: March 3, 1942 19 Miss Chauncey I think the Secretary will be interested in glancing at the appended excerpt. H.D.W. MR. WHITE Branch 2058 - Room 214 IMPERIAL CENSORSHIP BERMUDA Air Records No. BERFIN 4653/42 Mail No. 195W Date of Mail. 18th Dec. 41 Reg. No. "None" 626 TO: MONIQUE' Miss GEORGINE ISELIK, HAUS CAMPELL, CELERINA, GRISONS, SWITZERLAND. "SOUCI" NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK STATE U. S. A. of Letter: 28th Nov. 1941. ALLOCATION of submission slip in addition to: LONDON M.I.12 TRINIDAD AIR ADVISER JAMAICA Mr. Stopford. J.S.M. Wash. (MIL) J.S.M. MIL. R.H.E. AIR. J.M.D. " Seen by Advisers: (AIR) DISPOSAL OF ORIGINAL LETTER: RELEASED guage: English. COMMENT 1. EPIDEMICS RAGING AMONG GERMAN TROOPS ON RUSSIAN FRONT. 2. SWITZERLAND GIVING MORE & MORE TO GERMANY. "We have qui te a number of excellent doctors, for example the Page 1, Line 16 fr. end. famous surgeon RUPPANER of SAMADEN who left for the Russian Front, which seems rather incredible as they will do nothing but help the German soldiers We have heard that a doctor came back very discouraged saying that there are so many epidemics raging among the troops, that it was quite useless to try even to nurse them." Page 2, Line 8 fr. end. Life is getting more expensive every day and Germany We get less butter and have just as asks more and more from us. " many cows so that it is not difficult to suppose where it goes." Cheque enclosed for $10.00/10.0 A.T.E. (A.C.) 91, per H.J.W. 5.1.42 2 B.E.W. -FFC -MID 1-COI 3-IC Y Room or Dept. PRI Table 1 Exar. 6749 D.A.C. I.G.B. 2440 Date 2.1.42 RM CONFIDENTIAL 627 C 0 P Y DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON In reply refer to March 3, 1942 FF 840.51 Frozen Credits/5529 The Secretary of State presents his compliments to the Honorable the Secretary of the Treasury and transmits herewith copies of paraphrase of telegram no. 817 of February 28, 1942 to Bern, concerning the reaction of the Swiss Foreign Office officials to the terms of the Secretary of State's note of February 11 to the Swiss Minister in Washington, treating with the control of financial transactions involved in the representation of German, Italian and Bulgarian interests in the United States. Enclosure: To Bern, no. 817. February 28, 1942. Copy 1c:3/4/42 628 PARAPHRASE OF TELEGRAM RECEIVED FROM: AMLEGATION, Bern TO: Secretary of State, Washington DATED: February 28, 1942, 5 p.m. NUMBER: 817 Reference is made to no. 418, February 11 to Bern. The terms of the Secretary of State's note to the Sekes Minister at Washington dated February 11 were dis- oussed with the Foreign Interests Division officials of the Swiss Foreign Office and they have expressed themselves in informal discussions with the Legation Officers as follows: They imply from the note that the United States Governmont, by Executive Order No. 8389, has the authorization to control financial transactions involved in the protection of German, Italian, and Bulgarian interests which are handdled by a Swiss representative in the United States: they point out that the exercise of such control has not been sought by either the British or German Governments in pro- tection of foreign interests by the Swiss in Germany or England nor over transactions for such purposes involving the transfer of funds: thus the question arises as to whether reprisal measures which Germany might be disposed to take would make the task of the protection of American interests in Germany by the Swiss complicated; the Swiss 629 -2- Legation in Washington, according to the Swiss Foreign Office, has announced the suspension, temporarily, of all payments for German interest accounts and it is assumed by the Foreign Interests Division of the Swiss Foreign Office that the question has become so urgent as to require immediate decision as to the type of transactions which the Government of the United States will authorize; it is felt by the Division that the situation is so serious that it will impede the Swiss Legation's work in Washington, as well as causing serious repercussion in the work in Berlin and Rome of the Swiss Legations in their efforts to safeguard the interests in Italy and Germany of the Government of the United States; and the said officials feel that permission should be given to the Swiss Minister in Washington to use the needed funds for the question's settlement at least while negotiations are progressing. The Legation, for assistance in discussions with Swiss Officials, asks the Department to clarify in more detail the meaning of the provision from paragraph three of the February 11 note as follows: Under Executive Order No. 8389, as amended, the United States Government thus is prepared to grant a license to the Swiss Government permitting accounts to be opened from which funds can be drawn and, to grant a license permitting withdrawals from these accounts for expenses on behalf of these 630 -3- three Governments. Does the Department intend that this procedure control the interest in the single and itemized expenditure by the Legation of Switzerland for the purpose indicated or is it the Department's intention that a license be given the Swiss Legation which would permit it to draw lump sums to be used in its discretion after indicating the general purpose of the withdrawal. Copy:1c:bj 3-4-42 C 631 0 P Y DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON In reply refer to March 3. 1942 FF The Secretary of State presents his compliments to the Honorable the Secretary of the Treasury and transmits herewith a paraphrase of telegram no. 287 of January 20, 1942 from London, concerning the proposal of the Ministry of Economic Warfare through the Contraband Committee to refuse navicerts to certain firms in the United States unless information can be supplied by the Department of State disproving certain allegations about these firms. Enclosure: From London, no. 287, January 20, 1942. Copy:eh:bj 3-11-42 632 C 0 P Y PARAPHRASE OF TELEGRAM RECEIVED AMEMBASSY, London TO: Secretary of State, Washington DATED: January 20, 1942, 4 p.m. NUMBER: 287 Unless information can be supplied by the Department disproving allegations against the following firms in the United States, it is proposed by the Ministry of Economic Warfare to refuse navicerts through the Contraband Committee: From the Neo Chemical Corporation, 250 East Forty-third Street, New York to A. B. Oxygenol, Stockholm, navicert application no. B 3669 for five kilograms of vitamin A and D concentrate; objection because it is alleged to be with the Nordmark Chemical Works, Incorporated, 801 Second Avenue, New York, said to be a subsidiary owned wholly by Nordmark Worke Gmbh, Hamburg, an "enemy" firm. From Reinhart Cotton Company, Incorporated, 702 Cotton Exchange Building, New York, to Sun Globus magazine, Zurich, navicert application no. F 5809 N 6952 for canned and dried vegetables and fruits: objection because it is alleged to be a subsidiary of the statutory listed firm of Paul Reinhart Compagnie, Winterthun, Switzerland. Queries are also made by the Ministry of Economic Warfare concerning cotton exporter dealing in foodstuffs. -2- 633 From Wedemann Godknecht, New York, (forwarding agents) for Nortz and Company, 80 Wall Street, New York to Goth for Wohlgemuth, Zurich for 60 tons of liquid glucose, navicert application no. FN 7706; objection because it is alleged they are shippers of food parcels to Germany, coffee to Vichy, and tea to Switzerland without navicerts. E. Nortz is alleged to be connected with the espionage system of Germany in South America. The Washington Embassy of Great Britain will have details on the cases above-mentioned. Reference is made to telegram no. 6235 dated Decem- ber 27, paragraph two C. Is it desired by the Department that the Embassy take part in the meetings of the Committees on Contraband and Enemy Exports (now with the Permits Committee and all known as the Blocked Committee), and in what capacity, if so? Copy:bj:3-4-42 634 TREASURY DEPARTMENT INTER-OFFICE COMMUNICATION DATE March 3. 1942 TO Secretary Morgenthau FROM Mr. Dietrich CONFIDENTIAL Registered sterling transactions of the reporting banks were as follows: Sold to commercial concerns Purchased from commercial concerns £48,000 £76,000 Open market sterling held at 4.03-3/4, with no reported transactions. The Canadian dollar, which moved off yesterday to 11-3/4% discount, recovered to a final quotation of 11-1/2% today. In New York, closing quotations for the foreign currencies listed below were as follows: Argentine peso (free) Uruguayan peso (free) Venezuelan bolivar .2368 .0516 .5775 .2065 .5275 .2800 Cuban peso 3/8% premium Brazilian milreis (free) Colombian peso Mexican peso There were no gold transactions consummated by us today. No new gold engagements were reported. In London, spot and forward silver remained at 23-1/2d, equivalent to 42.67. The Treasury's purchase price for foreign silver was unchanged at 35$. Handy and Harman's settlement price for foreign silver was also unchanged at 35-1/8. We made no purchases of silver today. D 635 RESTRICTED MID 319.1 Situation No. 647 M.I.D., W.D. 11:00 A.M., March 3, 1942. 8-11-41 SITUATION REPORT I. Pacific Theater. Philippines: No change in the situation to report. Burma: General Archibald Wavell has returned as Commander-in-Chief in India, which includes the Burma theater. No reports on the situation there. Netherlands East Indies: Bandoeng is reported as having been heavily raided by enemy planes. Two Japanese transports are reported to have been sunk by aerial action, and Japanese reinforcements are en route to Java. Australia: From Canberra it is reported that Japanese planes attacked on March 3 airdromes at Wyndham and Broome, on the Australian northwest coast. II. Western Theater. Nothing to report. III. Eastern Theater. There is no change in the general situation. The Russian High Command announces the encirclement of units of the 16th German Army at Staraya Russa. The Germans claim the repulse of Russian attacks on the Kerch peninsula. (A situation map will not be issued this date.) IV. Middle Eastern Theater. Ground activity is limited to minor patrol combats in Libya. The Italian High Command stated March 3 that R.A.F. bombers had sunk one ship in two raids on Palermo. RESTRICTED