Full text of Jobs for Which You Can Train Through Apprenticeship

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s for Which
You Can Train
Through Apprenticeship

U.S. Departm ent of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Jobs for Which
You Can Train
Through Apprenticeship

Would you like to become an expert in a trade—to
develop a skill that will command a relatively good sal­
ary? One sure route is apprenticeship. There are other
ways to learn a trade, of course. But, because
employers recognize apprenticeship as an especially
thorough training method, completing such a program
increases your chances for employment and advance­
ment.
Many apprenticeship programs do not require a high
school diploma for entry. Requirements may vary but
employers usually prefer to hire high school graduates.
Age and other requirements also may vary, so be sure
to check the regulations where you apply. Applications
for an apprenticeship can be made to an employer, a
labor union, the local State employment service office,
or a joint apprenticeship and training committee.
This pamphlet contains a list of occupations that
have apprenticeship training—selected from the
1980-81 Occupational Outlook Handbook of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. It highlights the training re ­
quirements for each. Included are occupations such as
patternmaker, millwright, carpenter, and automobile
mechanic.
These summaries cannot provide all the information
you need, however. Omitted are details about appren­
ticeship programs and information on special talents,
aptitudes, or interests a job may require. For more in­
formation about an occupation, look in the Occupa­
tional Outlook H andbook. It describes the nature of
the work, working conditions, places of employment,
job qualifications and advancement prospects, employ­
ment outlook, and earnings for hundreds of occupa­
tions. It also lists related occupations and other helpful
sources of career information.
The H andbook is available ip offices of school guid­
ance counselors and employment counselors and in
school and public libraries. Or it may be purchased for
$8 by check or money order from the nearest regional
office of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A list of offices
and their addresses appears at the back of this
pamphlet.
Reprints from the Handbook also are available,
each containing information about several related oc­



cupations. At the end of this pamphlet is a list of
reprints along with an order form that includes infor­
mation on prices.
This pamphlet is one in a series of five prepared by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Each pamphlet dis­
cusses a group of occupations for which a particular
educational or training background is applicable. The
other titles in the series are: Jobs fo r Which You Can
Qualify if You’re N ot a High School Graduate; Jobs
fo r Which You Can Qualify I f Y ou’re a High School
Graduate; Jobs fo r Which You Probably Will Need
Some College or Specialized Training; and Jobs for
Which You Probably Will Need a College Education.

Industrial Production and
Related Occupations
Foundry Occupations
Patternmakers. A 5-year apprenticeship is considered
the best way to learn this trade. Vocational school
courses in patternmaking, metalworking, and machin­
ing may be credited toward completion of the appren­
ticeship. Because of the precise skills needed, appren­
ticeships for wood and metal patternmaking are sepa­
rate. A high school diploma generally is required.
Molders. Completion of a 4-year apprenticeship is the
recommended way to learn skilled hand molding.
Workers who have this training also are preferred for
some kinds of machine molding. Less skilled hand
molding jobs can be learned on the job in 2 to 6 months.
An eighth grade education usually is the minimum re­
q u ire m e n t for a p p re n tic e s h ip ; how ever, m any
employers prefer high school graduates.
Coremakers. Completion of a 4-year apprenticeship is
the recommended way to learn skilled hand coremak­
ing. Workers with this training also are preferred for the
more difficult machine coremaking jobs. Although the
minimum requirement for apprenticeships is an eighth
grade education, most employers prefer high school
graduates. Inexperienced workers tfiay learn less
skilled coremaking on the job.
1

Printing Occupations
Compositors. All-round compositors usually train
through a 4-year apprenticeship program. The program
may be shortened for apprentices with previous ex­
perience or schooling. Applicants for apprenticeships
generally must be high school graduates. An increasing
number of people learn their skills on the job by work­
ing as helpers for several years.
Lithographers. Although most lithographers learn their
trade on the job by helping experienced lithographers,
employers recommend a 4- or 5-year apprenticeship
program. These programs, which may emphasize a
specific craft such as camera operator or platemaker,
attempt to introduce an apprentice to all lithographic
operations. Applicants for apprenticeships usually must
be high school graduates.
Photoengravers. Most photoengravers learn their skills
through a 5-year apprenticeship program. Applicants
for apprenticeships usually must be high school or
vocational school graduates.

Machining Occupations
All-round machinists. A 4-year apprenticeship is the
best way to learn the trade; however, some companies
have training programs that require less than 4 years
for machinists who specialize in one type of product or
machine. Many machinists learn their skills on the job.
A high school diploma is strongly recommended.
Instrument makers (mechanical). Many instrument
makers learn their trade through 4-year apprentice­
ships. Others advance from machinists or skilled
machine tool operators after 1 or 2 years of shop ex­
perience. Employers generally prefer high school grad­
uates, especially for apprenticeship programs.
Setup workers (machine tools). Setup workers usually
must be all-round machinists. To make metal parts ac­
cording to specifications, they must know how to oper­
ate more than one type of machine tool and be able to
plan the sequence of a machining operation.
Tool-and-die makers. The best way to learn this trade
is through a 4-year apprenticeship, but many workers
learn in vocational school programs or on the job.
Several years of experience often are required after
completing an apprenticeship for more difficult tooland-die work. High school graduates are preferred for
apprenticeships.




Electrotypers and stereotypers. Although a 4-year ap­
prenticeship is the usual preparation for these trades,
apprenticeships have not been available in the last
several years due to the declining dem and for
electrotypers and stereotypers. M any experienced
electrotypers and stereotypers are being retrained for
other jobs.
Printing press operators and assistants. Apprenticeship
is the recommended way to learn the trade. The
program in commercial printing shops lasts 2 years for
press assistants and 4 years for press operators. Appli­
cants for apprenticeships usually must be high school
graduates. Many workers learn their skills by working
as helpers or press assistants, or by combining work ex­
perience and training in vocational schools.
Bookbinders and bindery workers. A 4- or 5-year ap­
prenticeship is recommended for skilled bookbinders.
Applicants for apprenticeships usually must be high
school graduates. Because bindery workers may be less
skilled than bookbinders, most learn their trade by
working informally on the job from several months to 2
years. Some, however, complete formal apprentice­
ships.
Other Industrial Production and Related
Occupations
Autom obile painters. Most of these workers acquire
their skills by working for 3 to 4 years with experienced
painters. A small num ber learn through a 3-year ap­
prenticeship.

Blacksmiths. Many blacksmiths are trained by working
as helpers in blacksmith shops or industrial firms that
employ blacksmiths. Some enter through 3- or 4-year
apprenticeship programs. Blacksmiths who shoe horses
are called farriers. Most farriers learn their craft by
assisting experienced workers. Others take a 3- or 4week course in horseshoeing before gaining experience
on their own or as a farrier’s assistant. These courses
are taught in several colleges, as well as at private horse­
shoeing schools. At least 3 to 5 years of special train­
ing or experience are needed to learn to shoe
racehorses. Farriers who wish to work at racetracks
must pass a licensing examination.
Boilermaking occupations. This group includes layout
workers, fitters, and boilermakers. Most layout workers
and fitters are hired as helpers and learn the craft by
working with experienced employees for at least 2
years. Many boilermakers also learn their trade on the
job, although most training authorities recommend a 4year apprenticeship. For all th ree occupations,
employers prefer high school or vocational school grad­
uates.
Electroplaters. Most learn their trade on the job as
helpers to experienced workers, but some learn through
3- or 4-year apprenticeship programs. Applicants for
apprenticeships usually must be high school graduates.
A few take 1- or 2-year courses in electroplating at
junior colleges, technical institutes, and vocational
schools.
Forge shop occupations. Most workers learn these
trades on the job. Generally, they start as helpers or
heaters on hammer or press crews. Workers advance to
more skilled occupations as they gain experience and
as openings occur. Some forge shops offer 4-year ap­
prenticeship programs for skilled jobs, such as die
sinker and heat treater. High school graduation may be
preferred for more skilled occupations.
Millwrights. Generally, these workers start as helpers
and rotate from job to job for 6 to 8 years to acquire the
necessary skills. Millwrights also are trained through 4year apprenticeship programs.
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians. Most learn their
skills on the job, but some learn through 3- to 4-year
apprenticeship programs. Some technicians receive
training while in the Armed Forces. Others attend com­
munity colleges or vocational or technical schools
where they receive certificates, diplomas, or associate
degrees in programs varying from 9 months to 3 years.
Employers prefer high school graduates; applicants
for apprenticeships usually must be graduates. Some




states require technicians to be licensed. Applicants for
a license must pass an examination.
Stationary engineers. Many start as helpers or oilers
and acquire their skills informally during many years
on the job. Technical or other training in vocational
schools or home study can supplement this experience.
A good background also can be obtained in the Navy or
Merchant Marine. Most training authorities, however,
recommend completion of a 4-year apprenticeship.
Employers prefer to hire high school graduates. Many
States and larger cities require stationary engineers to
be licensed. Generally, a stationary engineer may
qualify for one of several classes of licenses—each
specifying the steam pressure or horsepower of the
equipment the engineer may operate. A high school
diploma may be required for higher class licenses.
Welders. Training varies for the several levels of skill
within this occupation. Less skilled jobs can be learned
on the job in a few months, but a skilled welder
generally needs several years of training and ex­
perience. Many large companies train their own
welders. Many employers prefer to hire applicants who
have high school or vocational training in welding for
entry to skilled jobs. A few companies have apprentice­
ship programs. An employer or government agency
may require welders to pass a qualifying examination
for work where the strength of the weld is highly criti­
cal.

Service Occupations
Food Service Occupations
Cooks and chefs. Most cooks acquire their skills on the
job as kitchen helpers, although cooks increasingly
have high school or post-high school vocational training
in food preparation. Cooks and chefs may also be
trained as apprentices under trade union contracts, by
professional associations, or as part of employee train­
ing p ro g ra m s c o n d u c te d by larg e h o te ls an d
restaurants. Employers usually prefer high school grad­
uates, and applicants for apprenticeships generally
must be graduates. The Armed Forces also are a good
source of training and experience in food service. Most
States require cooks and chefs to have health certifi­
cates showing that they are free of contagious diseases.
Meatcutters. Although many learn their skills infor­
mally on the job, most meatcutters complete a 2-year
apprenticeship program. A few attend private schools
that specialize in meatcutting. At the end of the train­
ing, apprentices are given a meatcutting test that their
employers observe. Employers prefer high school grad­
uates. Some States require meatcutters to have health

certificates showing that they are free of contagious dis­
eases.

18. Those who score the highest on these examinations
have the best chances for appointment. Experience as a
volunteer firefighter or in the Armed Forces may help
chances for appointment, too. Beginners in large fire
departments generally are trained for several weeks at
the city’s fire school before assignment to local fire
companies. Small communities either train firefighters
on the job or hire experienced workers. A small num ­
ber of fire departments have 3- to 4-year apprentice­
ship programs.

Personal Service Occupations
Barbers. All States require barbers to be licensed. To
obtain a license, applicants must graduate from a Stateapproved barber school and be at least 16 years old (in
some States 18). Educational requirements in States
vary—some require graduation from high school, while
others have no requirement at all. Many States require
an examination for an apprentice license and a second
examination, after 1 or 2 years of work, for a license as a
registered barber. Many public and private schools and
a few vocational schools offer a 9- to 12-month train­
ing course. Because some States do not recognize outof-State training, apprenticeship work, or licenses, per­
sons who wish to become barbers should review the
laws of the State in which they wish to work before en­
tering barber school.

Construction Occupations
Bricklayers, stonemasons, and marblesetters. Most
bricklayers leam their trade on the job, usually in 3 to 5
years. But some bricklayers and most stonemasons and
marblesetters learn their skills through a 3-year ap­
prenticeship program. Employers usually prefer appli­
cants who have a high school diploma or its equivalent
for apprenticeship programs.

Cosmetologists. All States require cosmetologists to be
licensed. Most States require applicants for a license to
be at least 16 years old and pass a physical examina­
tion. Educational requirements for licensure vary
among States—some have no requirement, while others
require graduation from high school. Successful com­
pletion of a State-approved cosmetology course is ap­
propriate preparation to take an examination. In some
States, completion of a 1- or 2-year apprenticeship
program can substitute for graduation from cos­
metology school, but few cosmetologists learn their
skills this way. Both public and private vocational
schools offer training in cosmetology. A daytime course
usually takes 6 months to 1 year; an evening course
takes longer.

Carpenters. The recommended way to leam this trade
is to complete a 4-year apprenticeship. Most workers
leam on the job, however, often by beginning as a
helper to experienced carpenters and gradually acquir­
ing skills. It takes much longer to become a skilled car­
penter in this way than it does through an apprentice­
ship. Some knowledge of the trade also may be ob­
tained through vocational school courses. Employers
generally prefer to hire high school graduates.
Cement masons and terrazzo workers. Most learn their
trade informally on the job in 2 to 3 years. Others com­
plete a 2- or 3-year apprenticeship. Employers prefer to
hire high school graduates.

Funeral directors and embalmers. All States require
embalmers to be licensed. Although licensing stand­
ards vary by State, an embalmer generally must be 21,
have a high school diploma or its equivalent, graduate
from a mortuary science school, serve a 1- to 2-year in­
ternship, and pass a State board examination. About
half of the States require a year or more of college in
addition to training in mortuary science. About half of
all mortuary science programs are offered by private
vocational schools and last 1 year. The others are
offered by colleges and junior colleges and usually are
2 years in length, although a few last 4 years. All but
six States require funeral directors to be licensed. Most
people obtain licenses for both embalmers and direc­
tors since requirements are similar. Directors also must
have a special internship and take board examinations.

Electricians (construction). Completion of a 4-year ap­
prenticeship is the recommended way to leam the
trade. Many electricians learn their skills on the job,
however. Employers prefer high school or vocational
school graduates who have 1 year of algebra. Appli­
cants for apprenticeships must be high school gradu­
ates. Many cities require electricians to be licensed; ap­
plicants must pass a written test and may have to
demonstrate their skill.
Floor covering installers. Most of these workers learn
their skills on the job, usually beginning as helpers to
experienced workers. Others qualify through 2- to 4year apprenticeship programs. Individuals also may
leam the basic skills as part of an apprenticeship in car­
pentry, tilesetting, bricklaying, or stone and marblesetting. Employers prefer to hire high school or vocational
school g raduates. A pplicants for apprenticeships
generally must have a high school diploma.

Protective and Related Service Occupations
Firefighters. In most communities, qualifying exam ina­
tions are open to high school graduates who are at least




4

Operating engineers (construction machinery opera­
tors). Completion of a 3-year apprenticeship program
including related classroom instruction is recom­
mended. Some engineers who leam their skills on the
job start as helpers or oilers and then progress from
operating light equipment to highly complex construc­
tion machinery. A few individuals leam their skills
while serving in the Armed Forces or through special
heavy-equipment training schools. Most employers
prefer high school graduates; a diploma may be re ­
quired for entry into apprenticeship programs.
Painters and paperhangers. Although completion of a
3-year apprenticeship is recommended, apprenticeship
opportunities are very limited. Informal on-the-job
training is available through local contractors,
however. Employers prefer to hire applicants who have
a high school education.
Plasterers. A 3- to 4-year apprenticeship is the recom­
mended way to learn the trade. Many plasterers learn
the trade on the job, however, by working as plasterers’
helpers or laborers. Employers generally prefer to hire
high school graduates.
Plumbers and pipefitters. Although many learn their
trade informally on the job, completion of a 4- to 5-year
apprenticeship is recommended. Employers prefer high
school graduates. Some localities require workers to be
licensed; applicants must pass a written examination.

Glaziers (construction). Most glaziers leam their trade
through 3-year apprenticeships. Others leam on the
job and a few pick up the skills while working in
another industry where glass is installed. Employers
generally prefer to hire high school graduates.

Roofers. The majority of roofers begin as helpers and
learn their skills on the job. Completion of a 3-year ap­
prenticeship is recommended, however. Employers
prefer high school graduates.

Insulation workers. Most insulation workers learn their
trade on the job. Others learn through a 4-year “improvership” program that is similar to an apprentice­
ship. A few insulation workers pick up their skills while
working in another trade or in a manufacturing plant
where applying insulation is part of their job.
Employers prefer high school graduates who are
licensed to drive.

Sheet-metal workers. Although many learn the trade
informally on the job, completion of a 4-year appren­
ticeship program is recommended. A high school
diploma is preferred by employers and is required for
entry to apprenticeship programs.
Tilesetters. The best way to leam this trade is through a
3-year apprenticeship program . However, m any
workers acquire their skills on the job as helpers. When
hiring apprentices or helpers, employers usually prefer
high school or vocational school graduates.

Ironworkers (structural, ornamental, and reinforcing
ironworkers; riggers; and machine movers). Most learn
their skills on the job; however, completion of a 3-year
apprenticeship program is recommended. Employers
generally prefer high school graduates.

Occupations in Transportation Activities
Lathers. Although many lathers acquire their skills in­
formally on the job, completion of an apprenticeship is
recommended. Depending on the local union operating
the program, apprenticeships last 2, 3, or 4 years.
Employers generally prefer high school graduates, and
a diploma is required for an apprenticeship.




Railroad Occupations
Shop trades. Completing a 3- to 4-year apprenticeship
program is the most common way to enter shop trades,
although some helpers and laborers are upgraded to
these jobs. A high school diploma is preferred.
5

Scientific and Technical Occupations
Drafters. Specialized training in technical institutes,
junior and community colleges, extension divisions of
universities, and vocational and technical high schools
generally provides the best preparation for beginning
drafters. The necessary skills also may be acquired by
combining on-the-job training programs with part-time
schooling, through 3- or 4-year apprenticeship
programs, or in the Armed Forces. A high school
diploma usually is required.

Mechanics and Repairers
Telephone Craft Occupations
Central office craft occupations. Though employees
such as telephone operators or line installers generally
fill trainee jobs, occasionally workers are hired from
outside. New craft workers receive both classroom in­
struction and on-the-job training. Some vocational
schools, particularly those in rural areas served by
small independent telephone companies, also offer
training. A few people learn these crafts through ap­
prenticeship programs designed by State employment
agencies in conjunction with local telephone com­
panies. Because electrical wires usually are color
coded, applicants must not be color blind.
Line installers and cable splicers. These workers
usually are train ed on the job. Classrooms are
equipped with actual telephone apparatus, including
poles and other fixtures to simulate working conditions.
After several weeks, trainees generally are assigned to
a crew for on-the-job training under a line supervisor.
Some small independent telephone companies, par­
ticularly in rural areas, rely on local vocational and
technical schools for classroom training. State employ­
ment agencies provide classroom training for a few 4year apprenticeships. Training in installing telephone
systems in the Armed Forces is helpful. Because wires
are color coded, applicants must not be color blind.
Telephone and P B X installers and repairers. These
workers are trained on the job. Telephone companies
provide several weeks of classroom instruction supple­
mented by on-the-job training. Many small independ­
ent telephone companies, particularly in rural areas,
rely on local vocational and technical schools to train
workers. State employment agencies provide classroom
training for a few 4-year apprenticeships. Because
telephone wires are color coded, applicants must not be
color blind. A high school diploma is preferred.
Other Mechanics and Repairers
Air-conditioning, refrigeration, and heating mechan­
ics. Most workers start as helpers and leam their




skills on the job in about 4 years. A few learn the trade
through a 4-year apprenticeship program. In addition,
many high schools, vocational schools, and junior col­
leges offer courses in air-conditioning, refrigeration,
and other subjects that prepare students for entry jobs.
Many employers prefer graduates of these programs
because they require less on-the-job training. When
hiring helpers, employers generally prefer high school
graduates, and a diploma is required for entry into ap­
prenticeship programs.
Autom obile body repairers. Although most repairers
learn this skill informally through 3 to 4 years of onthe-job training, completion of a 3- to 4-year appren­
ticeship is recommended. High school graduation is
considered an asset.
Autom obile mechanics. Most automobile mechanics
leam their trade through 3 to 4 years of on-the-job ex­
perience, but additional time may be needed to learn a
difficult specialty such as automatic transmission
repair. Training authorities usually recommend com­
pletion of a 3- or 4-year apprenticeship program.
Automobile mechanic training received in the Armed
Forces is good preparation. A high school diploma is
preferred.
Electric sign repairers. Most are trained informally on
the job. Some learn their skills through 4-year appren­
ticeship programs as a sign repairer or electrician.
Employers prefer high school graduates. Many cities
require repairers to be licensed; applicants must pass
an examination on electrical theory and local electrical
codes.
Farm equipment mechanics. Most begin as helpers and
leam their skills on the job. Employers generally prefer
high school graduates who have a farm background.
Usually, at least 3 years of on-the-job experience are
necessary to become fully skilled. Some mechanics
complete a 3- to 4-year apprenticeship program, while
others learn through a vocational program.
Industrial machinery repairers. Most begin as helpers
and rotate from job to job for several years. Others
learn their trad e through 4-year apprenticeship
programs. A high school diploma is preferred.
Jewelers. These workers generally leam the jewelry
trade on the job or in technical schools. In precious
jewelry factories, 3- to 4-year apprenticeships are
a v a ila b le for m any sk ille d o c c u p a tio n s. Som e
m anufacturers sponsor training courses for th eir
employees at local vocational schools. Vocational
school courses in jewelry making and jewelry repair are
a good source of training for someone outside the in­
dustry. Employers prefer high school graduates.

Maintenance electricians. Most acquire their skills on
the job or through 4-year apprenticeship programs. It
may take more than 4 years to learn the trade infor­
mally. A high school diploma usually is required.
Many cities and counties require electricians to be
licensed; an applicant must pass a written examination
and may have to demonstrate skills.
Truck mechanics and bus mechanics. Most learn their
skills on the job in 3 to 4 years, but completion of a 4year apprenticeship program is recommended. A high
school diploma is preferred by employers and strongly
recommended for applicants for apprenticeships. For
some jobs that require driving, mechanics must have a
chauffeur’s license.
Vending machine mechanics. Most mechanics learn
their trade while working as general shop helpers or
vending machine route drivers. Up to 3 years of on-thejob training are required to become a skilled mechanic.
Some mechanics train through 3-year apprenticeships.
A high school diploma is preferred by employers. A
commercial driver’s license and a good driving record
are necessary.

Health Occupations
Dental Occupations
Dental laboratory technicians. Many technicians learn
their skills on the job, usually in 3 to 4 years. High
school graduates are preferred. Persons who receive
dental laboratory training in the Armed Forces usually
qualify for civilian jobs as technicians. After complet­
ing a 2-year training program in a junior college, col­
lege, or vocational or technical school, the trainee may
need about 3 years of experience to become fully
qualified. Some technicians complete apprenticeship
programs.
Other Health Occupations
Dispensing opticians. Most learn their skills on the job.
Employers prefer high school graduates, and gradua­
tion is required for formal training programs. Some dis­
pensing opticians learn their skills through 2- to 4-year
apprenticeship programs. In 1978, dispensing opticians
in 20 States had to pass an examination to obtain the
required license.

Ordering Occupational Outlook Handbook
Reprints
There are 42 reprints from the Occupational Out­
look Handbook, 1980-81 Edition, available for order.
Each reprint contains a group of related occupational
and industrial statem ents. For exam ple, reprint




2075-35, Com m unications O ccupations, includes
statements cm broadcast technicians, newspaper report­
ers, photographers, public relations workers, radio and
television announcers, the radio and television broad­
casting industry, and technical writers. A list of all
reprints follows. A flyer that cross-references all Oc­
cupational Outlook Handbook occupations and indus­
tries to the reprints in which they appear may be ob­
tained by using the reprint order form on the back page
of this leaflet.

Occupational Outlook Reprints, 1980-81 Edition
Bulletin No.
2075-1
2075-2
2075-3
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2075-6
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2075-8
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Title
Tomorrow’s Jobs
Metalworking Occupations
Printing and Publishing Occupations
Factory Production Occupations
Clerical Occupations
Office Machine and Computer Oc­
cupations
Banking and Insurance Occupations
Business Occupations
Service Occupations
Food Merchandising Occupations
Protective and Related Service Oc­
cupations
Education and Related Occupations
Sales Occupations
Construction Occupations — Struc­
tural
Construction Occupations — Finish­
ing
Air and Water Transportation Oc­
cupations
Railroad Occupations
Driving Occupations
Environmental Scientists and Con­
servation Occupations
Engineering and Related Occupa­
tions
Physical and Life Scientists
Mathematics and Related Occupa­
tions
Public Utilities Occupations
M otor V e h ic le and M a ch in e ry
Repairers
Machine Repairers and Operators
Small Business Occupations
Health Practitioners
Health Occupations
D e n ta l a u x il ia r ie s , n u rs in g ,
therapy and rehabilitation, health
services administration

2075-29

2075-30
2075-31
2075-32
2075-33
2075-34
2075-35
2075-36
2075-37
2075-38

2075-39
2075-40

2075-41

2075-42

Health Occupations
Medical technologists, technicians,
and assistants, dispensing o p ti­
cians, ophthalmic laboratory tech­
nicians, medical record personnel
Lawyers, City Managers, and Social
Science Occupations
Counseling and Related Occupations
Social Service Occupations
Performing Arts and EntertainmentRelated Occupations
Design Occupations
Communications Occupations
Agriculture and Logging and Lum ­
ber Mill Products Industries
Energy-Producing Industries
P e tro le u m R efining, In d u stria l
Chemical, Drug, and Paper and
Allied Products Industries
A lum inum , Iron and Steel, and
Foundry Industries
Aircraft, Missile, and Spacecraft,
Office Machine and Computer,
Electronics, and Motor Vehicle
and Equipment Manufacturing In ­
dustries
Apparel, Baking, Laundry and Dry
Cleaning, and Textile Mill Prod­
ucts Industries
Government Occupations

Corem akers........................ ................................ 2 or 39
Cosmetologists.............................................................. 26
Dental laboratory tech n ician s.................................. 28
Dispensing o p tic ia n s.................................................. 29
D ra fte rs ........................................................................ 20
Electric sign rep airers................................................ 25
Electricians (construction)........................................ 15
E lectroplaters................................................................ 4
Electrotypers and stereotypers.................................... 3
Farm equipment m echanics...................................... 24
Firefighters.................................................................... 11
Floor covering installers............................................ 15
Forge shop occupations................................................ 2
Funeral directors and em balm ers.......................... 26
G la z ie rs........................................................................ 15
Industrial machinery repairers.................................... 4
Instrument makers (m echanical)................................ 2
Insulation w orkers...................................................... 15
Ironw orkers.................................................................. 14
Jew elers........................................................................ 26
L athers.......................................................................... 15
Line installers and cable
splicers...................................................................... 23
L ithographers...................................... .'....................... 3
Machinists, all-around.................................................. 2
Maintenance electricians.............................................. 4
M eatcutters.................................................................. 10
Millwrights...................................................................... 4
M olders................................................................ 2 or 39
Operating engineers.................................................... 14
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians.......................... 29
Painters and paperhangers......................................... 15
Patternmakers...................................................... 2 or 39
Photoengravers.............................................................. 3
Plasterers...................................................................... 15
Plumbers and pipefitters............................................ 14
Printing press operators and
assistants...................................................................... 3
Roofers.......................................................................... 14
Setup workers (machine tools).................................... 2
Sheet-metal workers.................................................... 15
Shop trades (railroad)................................................ 17
Stationary engineers...................................................... 4
Telephone and PBX installers
and repairers............................................................ 23
Tilesetters...................................................................... 15
Tool-and-die m akers.................................................... 2
Truck mechanics and bus
m ech an ics................................................................ 24
Vending machine m echanics.................................... 25
Welders............................................................................ 2

The following is an alphabetical listing of the occupa­
tions included in this leaflet. Occupations are crossreferenced to the Handbook reprint in which they ap­
pear.
Air-conditioning, refrigeration, and
heating m ech an ics.................................................. 15
Automobile body repairers....................................... 24
Automobile m ech an ics.............................................. 24
Automobile painters.................................................... 24
B arbers.......................................................................... 26
Blacksmiths .................................................................... 2
Boilermaking occupations............................................ 4
Bookbinders and bindery workers............................. 3
Bricklayers, stonemasons, and
m arblesetters............................................................ 14
C arpenters.................................................................... 14
Cement mason and terrazzo w orkers...................... 14
Central office craft occupations............................... 23
Compositors...................................................................... 3
Cooks and c h e fs.......................................................... 10




8

U.S. Departm ent of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
W ashington, D C. 20212

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Lab-441