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•
BICENTENNIAL EDITION
HISTORICAL
STATISTICS
of the United States
COLONIAL TIMES TO 1970
PART 2
U.S. D e p a r t m e n t of C o m m e r c e
R o g e r s C. B. M o r t o n , Secretary
James L. Pate, Assistant Secretary
for Economic Affairs
B U R E A U OF THE CENSUS
Vincent P. Barabba, Director
B U R E A U OF THE CENSUS
Vincent P. Barabba, Director
Robert L. Hagan, Deputy Director
James W. Turbitt, Associate Director for Field
Operations and User Services
DATA USER SERVICES DIVISION
Michael G. Garland, Chief
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Preparation of this edition was
under the direction of
William Lemer
Chief, Statistical Compendia Staff
The bicentennial edition of Historical Statistics of the United
States is the third in the series of volumes inaugurated in 1949.
In both form and content, the bicentennial edition has drawn
heavily from, and built upon, the two prior editions. Both the
first volume. Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789 to
1945, issued in 1949, and the second volume, Historical
Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957, issued
in 1960, were prepared by the Bureau of the Census with the
cooperation of the Social Science Research Council (SSRC).
Although the SSRC did not participate in the preparation of
the bicentennial edition, its cooperation in the first two
volumes was invaluable in establishing those volumes as the
basis for continuing work in the field of historical statistics.
Similarly, the many individuals and agencies who made
important and distinctive contributions to the first two
volumes were instrumental in the preparation of the present
one. Immediately following the table of contents, therefore,
are reprinted the "official roster and credits" pages from the
first two volumes. Also, incorporated within the "Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions," under the title of each
edition, are the credits to contributors as they appeared in the
first two volumes.
of manuscript for the printer. The Census Library, Dorothy
W. Kaufman, Chief, also lent valuable assistance.
The cooperation of the many contributors to this volume and
to the prior editions is gratefully acknowledged. Following the
practice established by the prior editions, every data series
shown in this volume is, to the extent possible, specifically
identified by source as to issuing agency and/or individual
author, publication title, publisher, and date of issue.
Frequently all five items are shown; frequently additional
information is given.
Except for material specified in source citations as
"copyright" the tables and text in this volume may be
reproduced at will. Appropriate reference to this volume (see
citation below) for material reproduced would be appreciated
since it may be helpful to users of such material. Permission to
reproduce copyrighted material should be obtained directly
from the copyright owner.
September 1975
For Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data, see p. A-32.
Analytical review and editing of text tables was primarily
the responsibility of Helen E. Teir, Assistant Chief, Statistical
Compendia Staff, Data User Services Division. During the
period January 1972 to June 1973, Elma D. Beynon was primarily responsible for obtaining the cooperation and assistance
of the many subject consultants and for immediate supervision
of compilation operations. Suzanne L. Worth assisted Mrs.
Beynon and, from July 1973 to November 1974, was responsible for working with consultants and for supervision
of the technical and clerical staff. Alma L. Butler, assisted by
Kay Swenson, was responsible for final editing and preparation
Suggested Citation
U.S. Bureau of the Census
Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970,
Bicentennial Edition, Part 1
Washington, D.C., 1975
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C
Price $ 2 6 per 2 part set (Sold only in sets)
Stock Number 0 0 3 - 0 2 4 - 0 0 1 2 0 - 9
20402
Contents of Parts 1 and 2
Part
1
Page
Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions
Introduction
viii
...
xi
A.
Population
B.
Vital Statistics and Health and Medical Care...
44
C.
Migration
87
D.
Labor
121
E.
Prices and Price Indexes
183
F.
National Income and Wealth
215
G.
Consumer Income and Expenditures
284
CHAPTER
1
H.
Social Statistics
332
J.
Land, Water, and Climate
423
K.
Agriculture
449
L.
Forestry and Fisheries
520
M.
Minerals
564
...
Appendix: Contributors to This Edition
A-l
Time Period Index...
A-4
Subject Index
A-10
Part
2
Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions
Introduction
viii
xi
CHAPTER
N.
Construction and Housing
010
P.
Manufactures
052
Q.
Transportation
......
703
R.
Communications
775
S.
Energy
811
T.
Distribution and Services
834
U.
International Transactions and Foreign
V.
Business Enterprise
Commerce
858
908
W.
Productivity and Technological Development...
943
X.
Financial Markets and Institutions
908
Y.
Government
1007
Z.
Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics
1152
Appendix: Contributors to This Edition
A-l
Time Period Index
A-4
Subject Index
A-10
Part 2— Detailed Contents
[Numbers in parentheses following subjects are series numbers]
Chapter
Page
Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions.
, ,.
T ,
Introduction
N.
P.
Chapter
viii
.
xi
cleared (Q 506-517)—Waterborne imports, exports, and domestic cargo (Q 518-541)—Great
Lakes and canal traffic (Q 542-557)—River, harbor,
and canal expenditures (Q 558-564).
Construction and Housing
CONSTRUCTION
Value of new construction put in place (N 1 - 6 0 ) —
Expenditures for maintenance and repair and for
private nonfarm residences (N 61-65)—Value of
new public construction and expenditures for new
private and public construction (N 6 6 - 7 7 ) — C o n struction contracts and bidding volume (N 78-110)
—Building activity and construction cost indexes
(N 111-139)—Wholesale price indexes (N 140-155).
610
HOUSING
N e w housing starts and mobile homes (N 156-170)
—Public housing and Federal programs (N 1 7 1 191)—Residential structures and land (N 192-237)
- O c c u p i e d units, vacancy rates, and price indexes
(N 238-261 ) - R e s i d e n t i a I mortgages, Federal
nance programs, and foreclosures (N 262-307).
631
Manufactures
652
AIR TRANSPORTATION
Aircraft production and exports (Q565-576)—
Domestic and international transportation (Q 5 7 7 590)—Revenues and expenses (Q 591-603)—AirP or , ts > aircraft, pilots, and miles flown (Q 604-623)
—Accidents (Q 624-637).
R.
767
77*
775
communications rates ( R 89-92).
Summary (P 1 - 1 2 ) — P r o d u c t i o n indexes (P 13-57)
—General statistics, b y major industry groups
(P 58-67)—Horsepower of power equipment (P
68-73)—Shipments, inventories, and orders (P
74-92)—Corporate sales, profits, and stockholders'
RADIO AND TELEVISION
Stations, sets produced, and households with sets
( R 93-105)—Advertising expenditures, finances,
and employment (R 106-139)—Safety and special
r a d l ° stations (R 140-162).
792
DUSTRWS'^P^107-17^—CONM
POSTAL SERVICE, NEWSPAPERS,, AND BOOKS
801
Transportation
m r n w A Y TRANSPORTATION
HIG™eTsTfnteRrcfty0traffic-and-operatYng"revenues
S
&
I
^
M
^
TRANSPORTATION
......
..
Electric railways (Q 264-273)—Service, mileage,
equipment, traffic, and revenue (Q 2 7 4 - 3 2 8 ) —
Mileage built and mileage in receivership (Q 3 2 9 330)—Freight traffic and revenue, property investment, capital, income, expenses, interest, and
dividends (Q 3 3 1 - 3 7 7 ) — T a x accruals (Q 378-384)
—Grade crossings, fuel received, ties and rails laid,
and purchases (Q 3 8 ^ 3 9 7 ) — E m p l o y m e n t , wages,
accidents, and fatalities (Q 398-409)—Pullman
Company operations (Q 410-412).
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Persons entering b y ship (Q 413)—Employment
and wage scale on merchant vessels (Q 4 1 4 - 4 1 6 ) —
Documented merchant vessels, b y type, material of
which built, and trade (Q 417-437)—Shipbuilding
and repair (Q 438-472)—Merchant vessels launched
IV
Q11
energy
Horsepower of prime movers (S 1 - 1 4 ) — R a w material and fuel consumption (S 15-31)—Electric
energy production (S 32-52)—Electric generating
P l ^ s and installed capacity (S 5 3 - 9 4 ) - F u e l
7ftq
703
^
owership!eSan^8financ?ng' J f l ^ S S S ^
vehicle speed, miles of travel, deaths, and accidents
(Q 187-232)—Gasoline tax rates (Q 233-234)—
Public transit (Q 235-250)—Oil pipelines operated
and oil originated (Q 251-263).
_
°®c,es'
J f ^ l ' "V
W ™ '
1 6 ^ 1 8 7 ) ~ ? ° s t a l
r a t ^ . ( ? } 8 £ "
™den$0y<LeS
" l ) - N e w books and new editions published (R
newspapers,
S consumption,
a n d p e r l o d l c a l s ( R 218-257).
Q
^ric^
dexes (O 4 7 ^ 9 ) - ^ a / e Z
cost of Federal-aM
htehwav sv S tems
0 50-68)-Intercitv
y
S
f 0 6 9 ^ 1 ) — H i e h w a v receipts d i s C s f
mente, coMtnfction, a
n
d
"
P
R AIL
Communications
FPHONF AND TFT FCRAPH SYSTOM?
TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS
Telephones, conversations, and toll rates (R 1 - 1 6 )
^ d e p e n d e n t companies, summary (R
17^45)-WeStern
U m o n Telegraph. Company
fi-
turing (P 177-204)—Establishments, employment,
payroll value added, and capital expenditures (P
205-215)—Consumption of selected commodities
(P 216-230)—Output of selected commodities (P
(231-300)—-Production capacity of selected industries (P 301-317)—Output value of finished c o m modities and construction materials (P 318-374).
Q.
Page
and owned, world and United States (Q 473-480)—
Documented vessels, b y region, type, and service
(Q 481-505)—Capacity of vessels entered and
and
use ^S
oil
108-132^—
P r i ^ t e l y o w e d electric utilities (S 1331 4 6 ) - R u r a l electrification (S 1 4 7 - 1 5 9 ) - W a t e r
P ° w e r ( S 1 6 0 - 1 7 5 ) - N a t u r a l gas and gas utility and
6
industries
176"218)-
P i n a n c e s of
*
^
T"
„„„
723
742
Distribution and Services
National income originating, persons engaged, and
average earnings (T 1 - 4 2 ) — L e g a l form of organization (T 43-57)—Inventories (T 58-78)—Retail establishments, sales, and persons engaged, b y kind of
business (T 79-196)—Sales of multiunit retail
firms.
197-219)—Chain stores, retail trade
(T
margins, and retail store sales (T 2 2 0 - 2 7 1 ) — D e partment store indexes (T 272-273)—Wholesale
establishments, sales, expenses, and persons eng a g e d , b y kind of business (T 274-371)—Wholesale
(T 3 7 2 - 3 9 0 ) —
S al e S ( stocks, and trade margins
Service establishments and receipts, b y kind of
business (T 391-443)—Advertising volume, expenditure indexes, and newspaper lineage (T 4 4 4 491)_
International Transactions and Foreign Commerce
INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS AND FOREIGN AID
Balance of international payments (U 1 - 2 5 ) — U . S .
investments abroad and foreign investments in U.S.
(U 26-74)—U.S. foreign grants and credits (U 7 5 186).
834
858
DETAILED CONTENTS
FOREIGN COMMERCE
Value of exports and imports (U 187-200)—Foreign
trade related to production (U 201-206)—Value of
free and dutiable imports (U 207-212)—Value of
exports and imports by economic and end-use
classes and by groups of customs districts (U 213273)—Exports and imports of selected merchandise
(U 274-316)—Value of exports and imports, by
country (U 317-352).
V.
Number, receipts, and profits of business enterprises (V 1-12)—Firms in operation, formations,
failures, and turnover (V 13-37)—Mergers (V 3 8 40)—Corporations and share of corporate income
(V 41-65)—Income of unincorporated enterprises
(V 66-77)—Manufacturing and trade sales and
inventories (V 78-107).
CORPORATE ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND INCOME
Corporate finances, all industries (V 108-140)—
Nonfinancial corporations (V 141-166)—Selected
corporate financial items, by industrial division and
by size of total assets (V 167-196)—Selected financial items for selected utility industries (V 197270)—Value of plant and equipment in regulated
industries (V 271-284)—Selected financial items
for large manufacturing corporations (V 285-305)—
Business expenditures for new plant and equipment
(V 306-332).
National productivity (W 1-11)—Productivity in
selected industries (W 12-54)—Productivity in
selected utilities, distribution, and' nonfinancial
corporations (W 55-66)—Farm productivity (W
67-81).
Y.
960
NET PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DEBT
By major sectors (X 393-409).
968
989
990
INTEREST RATES AND SECURITY MARKETS
996
Money market rates (X 444-455)—Commercial
and finance company paper and bankers' acceptances (X 456-465)—Bank rates on short-term
business loans (X 466-473)—Bond and stock yields
and prices (X 474-498)—Security issues (X 499516)—Value and volume of sales on securities exchanges (X 517-535)—Mutual funds (X 536-539)
—Federal Reserve Board margin requirements,
stock market credit, brokers' loans, and consumer
credit (X 540-560).
1050
Government
ELECTIONS AND POLITICS
1067
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND FINANCES
1086
ARMED FORCES AND VETERANS
1135
Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics
1152
Cost of U.S. wars (Y 849-855)—Characteristics of
the Armed Forces, by war (Y 856-903)—Military
personnel on active duty (Y 904-916)—Selective
Service (Y 917-942)—Veterans in civil life (Y 943970)—Expenditures of Veterans Administration (Y
971-997)—Veterans pensions and compensation,
medical care, and life insurance (Y 998-1031).
MONEY SUPPLY AND GOLD
Money stock, and currency in circulation (X 410437)—Changes in gold stock (X 438-443).
INSURANCE
Employment and payrolls (Y 272-334)—Federal
Government finances (Y 335-357)—Internal revenue collections (Y 358-373)—Income tax returns
(Y 374-411)—Tax liability and rates, for selected
groups (Y 412-439)—Estate and gift tax returns (Y
440-456)—Outlays and debt of the Federal Government (Y 457-504)—Federal, State, and local
government revenue, expenditure, and debt (Y 505566)—Federal Government revenue, expenditure,
and debt (Y 567-637)—Federal grants to State and
local governments (Y 638-651)—State and local
government revenue, expenditure, and debt (Y 652709)—State government revenue, expenditure, and
debt (Y 710-782)—Local government expenditure,
debt, and revenue (Y 783-848).
Financial Markets and Institutions
Debt of nonfinancial borrowers, and credit market
funds (X 1-113)—Assets, liabilities, saving, and investment of households, personal trusts, nonprofit
organizations, nonfinancial business, and State and
local governments (X 114-262)—Money supply,
time deposits, and savings accounts (X 263-292)—
Summaries of government securities, bond and
mortgage, and corporate equities markets (X 293392).
1044
Methods of electing presidential electors (Y 1-26)—
Voter participation in presidential elections (Y 2778)—Electoral and popular vote cast for President
(Y 79-186)—Costs of presidential elections ( Y 1 8 7 188)—Legislative activity (Y 189-203)—Political
party affiliation (Y 204-210)—Vote for and apportionment of Representatives (Y 211-271).
943
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
FLOW OF FUNDS
NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Life insurance, by type (X 879-889)—Sales and
finances of U.S. life insurance companies (X 890917)—Property-liability insurance (X 918-932)—
Stock and mutual companies (X 933-956)—Private
health insurance (X 957-962).
917
954
Expenditures and obligations (W 109-167)—Employment of scientists and engineers (W 168-180).
1010
Mutual savings banks (X 821-833)—Savings and
loan associations (X 834-844)—Postal Savings
System (X 845-849)—Federal and federally sponsored agencies (X 850-863)—Credit unions (X 864878).
COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADEMARKS
Copyright registrations, by type (W 82-95)—
Patents, by type and patentee (W 96-106)—
Trademarks (W 107-108).
X.
908
Productivity and Technological Development
PRODUCTIVITY INDEXES
BANKING
Early State banks and Second Bank of the U.S. (X
561-579)—Number, assets, and liabilities of banks,
by type of bank (X 580-688)—Deposits, debits, and
deposit turnover (X 689-715)—Banking offices and
deposit insurance (X 716-730)—Branch banking (X
731-740)—Bank suspensions and closings (X 741767)—Earnings and expenses, national and commercial banks (X 768-791)—Bank clearings at
principal cities (X 792-795)—Federal Reserve
banks (X 796-820).
Business Enterprise
BUSINESS POPULATION
W.
876
Z.
Population (Z 1-132)—Slave trade and prices (Z
133-168)—Components of wealth (Z 169-191)—
Agriculture censuses and weekly diets (Z 192-212)
—Foreign trade, shipping, slaves imported, and
articles exported (Z 213-294)—Trade in coal, iron,
furs, indigo, silk, tobacco, tea, rice, naval stores, and
timber (Z 295-509)—Vessels built (Z 510-529)—
Whaling and cod fishery (Z 530-538)—Wages and
prices (Z 539-584)—Exchange rates, silver prices,
credit, money, and tax collections (Z 585-615).
Appendix: Contributors to This Edition
A-l
Time Period Index
A-4
Subject Index
A-10
V
Replica of
"Official Roster and
Credits Page" from
Historical Statistics
of the United States,
Colonial Times to 1957
Bureau of the Census
ROBERT W. BURGESS, Director
A. Ross Eckler, Deputy Director
Howard C. Grieves, Assistant Director
Conrad Taeuber, Assistant Director
Morris H. Hansen, Assistant Director for Statistical Standards
Lowell T. Gait, Assistant Director for Operations
Walter L. Kehres, Assistant Director for Administration
Calvert L. Dedrick, Chief, International Statistical Programs Office
A. W. von Struve, Acting Public Information Officer
HERMAN P. MILLER, Historical Statistics Project Director
This volume stems from a joint interest by the Bureau of the
Census and the Social Science Research Council. It was planned,
assembled, edited, and published by the Bureau, with the advice
and assistance of the Committee on Historical Statistics appointed
by the Council. Many other individuals and agencies cooperated
and made significant contributions to this project. General acknowledgments for each chapter are presented on p. VII; other acknowledgments frequently appear in the text discussions of the various chapters.
The volume was prepared in the Bureau of the Census under the
general direction of Edwin D. Goldfield, Chief, Statistical Reports
Division. Herman P. Miller served as the Project Director and was
primarily responsible for the planning, organizing, and supervising
of all aspects of the compilation of the data. Dr. Miller also served
as executive secretary of the Committee on Historical Statistics,
handled liaison matters for the Committee, and participated in its
selection of experts to serve as consultants. O. Halbert Goolsby
acted as staff assistant.
Morris B. Ullman, who supervised the preparation of the previous
volume, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19i5, was
responsible for planning during the early stages of the project.
William Lerner, Assistant Chief, Statistical Reports Division, was
primarily responsible for the planning and supervising of the publication aspects of the volume and for the review and editing of the text
and tables. Dorothy M . Belzer was responsible for the tabular
presentation of the data and preparation of the material for the
printer. The Census Library Branch, Louise H. Clickner, Chief, also
lent valuable assistance.
Social Science Research Council
The Committee on Historical Statistics appointed by the Social
Science Research Council participated actively in the preparation of
this volume, in the extension of the subjects to be added, and in planning the general procedures for securing expert assistance on each
subject. As the project was developed the Committee, especially
the Chairman, was primarily responsible for consideration of prob-
lems of data selection and format, for general appraisal of the quality
of the series suggested for inclusion, and for the selection of consultantspecialists for the various subjects. The Committee as a whole, or
through specially qualified members, reviewed the plans for inclusion
of specific series and discussed areas of study which presented unusual
problems.
Committee on Historical Statistics of the Social Science Research Council
(Advisory to the Bureau of the Census)
G. Heberton Evans, Jr., Chairman
Chairman of Department of Political Economy
The Johns Hopkins University
Herman P. Miller, Executive Secretary
Bureau of the Census
Otis Dudley Duncan
Associate Director of Population
Research and Training Center
The University of Chicago
Maurice I. Gershenson
Department of Industrial Relations
State of California
Willard L. Thorp
Director of Merrill Center for
Economics
Amherst College
Solomon Fabricant
Director of Research
National Bureau of Economic
Research, Inc.
Richard M. Scammon
Director of Elections Research
Governmental Affairs Institute
Harold F. Williamson
Professor of Economics
Northwestern University
Paul Webbink, Vice President, Social Science Research Council, attended Committee meetings and acted as the Council's
representative. Stanley Lebergott, Office of Statistical Standards, Bureau of the Budget, also participated in the meetings.
VI
Replica o f
"Official Roster and
Credits Page" from
Historical Statistics
of the United States,
1789-1945.
BUREAU OF T H E
CENSUS
J. C. CAPT, Director
PHILIP M. HAUSER, Deputy Director
A . Ross ECKLER, Assistant Director
HOWARD C. GRIEVES, Assistant Director
MORRIS H. HANSEN, Statistical Assistant to the
ROBERT Y. PHILLIPS, Executive Assistant to the
CALVERT L. DEDRICK, Coordinator, International
FRANK R. WILSON, Information Assistant to the
While this volume has been planned, assembled, and edited in
the Bureau of the Census, with the advice and assistance of the
Social Science Research Council, many other individuals and
agencies contributed to its preparation, directly and indirectly. In
some instances, individuals devoted themselves full-time for the
period necessary to complete their phase of the project. In other
instances, contributions were prepared by individuals while they
maintained heavy responsibilities in their own offices. A number
of private publishers, authors, and research organizations generously granted permission to use their materials. In some cases,
they also made additional contributions in time and energy.
General acknowledgments for each chapter are given on p. IV;
other specific acknowledgments appear within the text in the
various sections of the volume.
This volume was prepared in the office of Morris H. Hansen,
Statistical Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of the Census,
Director
Director
Statistics
Director
under the supervision of Morris B. Ullman, Chief, Statistical Reports Section, by Bruce L. Jenkinson, A. Benjamin Handler, and
William Lerner. Mr. Jenkinson, Chief, Statistical Abstract Unit,
was primarily responsible for the planning and preparation of the
report; Mr. Handler, Executive Secretary of the Social Science
Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical
Statistics, was primarily responsible for procurement of data and
relationships with the agencies and individuals who contributed
to the publication; and Mr. Lerner, Statistician, Statistical Abstract Unit, was primarily responsible for the review and editing
of the materials as to content, adequacy, and coverage.
Dorothy M. Belzer acted as staff assistant, particularly with
respect to tabular presentation, and was responsible for preparation of the materials for the printer. Claire F. Cahill checked all
citations by reference to the original published sources and offered
many constructive suggestions as to the content of the book.
Social Science Research Council
The Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source
Book of Historical Statistics, Advisory to the Bureau of the Census, played an important role in the preparation of this volume.
The Chairman of the Committee and its members gave considerable time and thought to the review of plans, to advising on proper
courses of action, and contributed in other ways. In particular, J.
Frederic Dewhurst, Chairman, was in a large measure responsible
for the initiation of the project. The completed volume owes much
to his original outline of purpose, coverage, and arrangement. For
a detailed statement of the origins of this historical volume, see
introductory text.
Through a grant by the Committee on Research in Economic
History (Arthur H. Cole, Chairman) of the Social Science Research
Council, the full-time services of the Executive Secretary of the
Advisory Committee were made available to the Bureau of the
Census.
The Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book of Historical Statistics
(Advisory to the Bureau of the Census)
J. Frederic Dewhurst
Shepard Clough
Columbia University
Arthur H. Cole
Harvard University
Morris A. Copeland
National Bureau of Economic Research
Ernest S. Griffith
The Library of Congress
Edward P. Hutchinson
University of Pennsylvania
', The Twentieth Century Fund
Stacy May
International Basic Economy Corp.
Walter Mitchell, Jr.
Controllers Institute of America
Amos E. Taylor
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce
Harold Williamson
Northwestern University
A. Benjamin Handler (Executive Secretary)
Social Science Research Council
R . H. Coats, University of Toronto, attended meetings of the Committee as a representative of the Social Science
Research Council of Canada
VII
Acknowledgments for Chapter Contributions *
Chapter N.
Historical Statistics . . . 1789-191*5
Construction and Housing
Historical Statistics ...
Colonial Times to 1970
Consultants—Samuel J. Dennis, Bureau of the Census; Lawrence N.
Bloomberg, Office of Management and Budget
Major contributors—Leonard J. Norry and David Siskind, Bureau
of the Census; Robert E. Lipsey, National Bureau of Economic
Research, Inc.
Historical Statistics ...
Colonial Times to 1957
Principal consultant—Leo Grebler, University of California, Los
Angeles
Review consultant-—Raymond W. Goldsmith, National Bureau of
Economic Research, Inc.
List of series on railroads suggested b y : Bureau of Transport Economics and Statistics, Interstate Commerce Commission;
and Bureau of Railway Economics, Association of American
Railroads.
Material on water transportation prepared by staff of Bureau of the
Census.
Series on road transportation supplied by Division of Research Reports and Statistics, Public Roads Administration, Federal
Works Agency.
List of series on air transport suggested by J. Parker Van Zandt,
The Brookings Institution, and by Civil Aeronautics Administration, Department of Commerce. Data supplied by Civil
Aeronautics Administration.
Historical Statistics ... 1789-191*5
Basic text and series on construction supplied by Keith W. Johnson,
Economic Analyst, Samuel J. Dennis, Chief, Construction
Economics Unit, and William H. Shaw, Chief, Construction
Statistics Unit, Construction Division, in the Bureau of
Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce.
Material was also supplied by: H. E. Riley, Chief, Construction and Public Employment Division, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Department of Labor; and Fred E. Schnepfe, Chief,
Liaison Division, Public Roads Administration, Federal Works
Agency.
Material on housing prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.
Chapter P.
Chapter R.
Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1970
Consultant—Hyman H. Goldin, Boston University
Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1957
Principal consultants—Hyman H. Goldin and Robert E. Stromberg,
Federal Communications Commission
Review consultant—Melville J. Ulmer, American University
Manufactures
Chapter S.
Historical Statistics ...
Historical Statistics ...
Energy
Colonial Times to 1970
Consultants—Daniel Creamer, The Conference Board, Inc.; Solomon
Fabricant, New York University
Major contributors—John W. Kendrick, George Washington University; Vivian E. Spencer, University of Connecticut
Colonial Times to 1957
Principal consultant—Daniel Creamer, National Industrial Conference Board, Inc.
Review consultant—John W. Kendrick, George Washington University
Other contributor—John A. Waring, Washington, D.C.
Historical Statistics
Historical Statistics ...
Colonial Times to 1970
Consultants—Joel Darmstadter and Sam H. Schurr, Resources for
the Future, Inc.
Major contributors—Charles L. Franklin, Federal Power Commission; Paul J. Rederer, Edison Electric Institute; John W. Eden,
American Gas Association
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957
Principal consultant—Lawrence D. Jennings, Federal Power Commission Review consultant—Herbert B. Dorau, New York
University
1789-191*5
Material on manufactures prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.
Chapter Q.
Communications
Historical Statistics . . . 1789-191*5
Basic text and series on power supplied by Division of Finance and
Statistics, Bureau of Accounts, Finance, and Rates, Federal
Power Commission.
Transportation
Historical Statistics ...
Colonial Times to 1970
Chapter T.
Distribution and Services
Consultant—Thor Hultgren, University of Wisconsin
Historical Statistics ...
Colonial Times to 1957
Principal consultant—Thor Hultgren, National Bureau of Economic
Research, Inc.
Review consultant—George R. Taylor, Amherst College
Other contributor—Bureau of Public Roads
* See also Appendix, p. A - l .
VIII
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970
Consultants—Louis Greenberg, Bureau of the Census, and David
Schwartzman, New School for Social Research
Historical Statistics
Colonial Times to 1957
Principal consultants—Reavis Cox and Charles S. Goodman, University of Pennsylvania
Review consultant—Harold Barger, Columbia University
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S FOR C H A P T E R CONTRIBUTIONS
Chapter U.
International Transactions and Foreign Commerce
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970
Consultant—Robert E. Baldwin, University of Wisconsin
Major contributor—Frances L. Hall, Bureau of International Commerce
Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1957
FOREIGN TRADE
Principal consultant—Herbert B. Woolley, New York University
Review consultant—Douglass C. North, University of Washington
BALANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PAYMENTS AND INVESTMENT POSITION
Principal consultant—Nancy F. Culbertson, Office of Business
Economics
Review consultant—Walter S. Salant, The Brookings Institution
Other contributors—Douglass C. North, University of Washington;
Matthew Simon, Pace College
Historical Statistics . . . 1789-19^5
Basic text and series for balance of payments supplied by International Economics Division, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce, Department of Commerce.
Material on foreign trade prepared by Bureau of the Census staff.
Chapter V.
Business Enterprise
COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADEMARKS
Principal consultant—Jacob Schmookler, University of Minnesota
Review consultant—Fritz Machlup, The Johns Hopkins University
Other contributor—P. J. Federico, Patent Office
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Principal consultant—Kathryn S. Arnow, National Science Foundation
Review consultant—Irving H. Siegel, Council of Economic Advisers
Chapter X.
Financial Markets and Institutions
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970
FLOW OF FUNDS; NET PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DEBT; MONEY SUPPLY
AND GOLD; INTEREST RATES AND SECURITY MARKETS; BANKING;
NONBANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Consultant—Stephen P. Taylor, Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System
Major contributor—Anna J. Schwartz, National Bureau of Economic
Research, Inc.
INSURANCE
Consultant—C. Arthur Williams, Jr., University of Minnesota
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970
Consultants—Martin Gainsbrugh and Bernard Gelb, The Conference
Board, Inc.
Major contributors—Lloyd K. Gilmour, Internal Revenue Service;
Ralph L. Nelson, Queens College
Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1957
BANKING; MONEY SUPPLY AND GOLD; MONEY RATES AND SECURITY
MARKETS; CREDIT AND OTHER FINANCE
Principal consultants—Susan S. Burr and Caroline H. Cagle, Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Review consultant—Milton Friedman, The University of Chicago
Other contributor—Clark Warburton, Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation
BUSINESS POPULATION
Principal consultant—Morris A. Adelman, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
Review consultant—Irwin Friend, University of Pennsylvania
PRIVATE INSURANCE
Principal consultant—Albert I. Hermalin, Institute of Life Insurance
Review consultant—James J. O'Leary, Life Insurance Association of
America
CORPORATE ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND INCOME
Principal consultant—Sergei P. Dobrovolsky, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute
Review consultant—Irwin Friend, University of Pennsylvania
Chapter W.
Productivity and Technological Development
Historical Statistics . . . 1789-19U5
Data reviewed and basic text supplied by Division of Research and
Statistics, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
Chapter Y.
Government
Historical Statistics . .. Colonial Times to 1970
PRODUCTIVITY INDEXES
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1970
ELECTIONS AND POLITICS
Consultants—Jerome A. Mark, Bureau of Labor Statistics; John W.
Kendrick, George Washington University
Major contributors—Charles W . Ardolini, Bureau of Labor Statistics; Daniel Creamer, The Conference Board, Inc.
Consultant—Richard M . Scammon, Elections Research Center
Major contributor—Walter Dean Burnham, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, AND TRADEMARKS
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND FINANCES
Consultant—Fritz Machlup, Princeton University
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Consultant—Daniel J. Kevles, California Institute of Technology
Major contributor—Thomas J. Mills, National Science Foundation
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957
PRODUCTIVITY INDEXES
Principal consultant—Leon Greenberg, Bureau of Labor Statistics
Review consultant—John W. Kendrick, George Washington University
Other contributors—Robert T. Adams and Julian Frechtman, Bureau of Labor Statistics
Consultant—Murray L. Weidenbaum, Washington University
Major contributors—Thomas J. Cuny and Carey P. Modlin, Office of
Management and Budget; M . Lynden Mannen, Governments
Division, Bureau of the Census
ARMED FORCES AND VETERANS
Consultant—James L. Clayton, University of Utah
Major contributor—Howard J. Sharon, Veterans Administration
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957
ELECTIONS AND POLITICS
Principal consultant—Richard M . Scammon, Governmental Affairs
Institute
Review consultant—V. O. Key, Harvard University
IX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR CHAPTER CONTRIBUTIONS
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT AND FINANCES
Principal consultants—Jacob M. Jaffe, Bureau of the Census; James
M. Jarrett, Internal Revenue Service; I. M. Labovitz, Library
of Congress; and Flora M. Nicholson, Civil Service Commission
Review consultant—I. M. Labovitz, Library of Congress
Other contributors—Paul B. Trescott, Kenyon College; Paul P.
Van Riper, Cornell University
ARMED FORCES AND VETERANS
Principal consultants—Milton C. Forster, Veterans Administration;
Michael S. March, Bureau of the Budget
Review consultant—Irving H. Siegel, Council of Economic Advisers
Other contributor—Sydney M. Ratcliffe, Department of the Army
Historical Statistics . . . 1789-191,5
Series and basic text on elections and State and local finance and
employment were supplied by the Governments Division of
the Bureau of the Census.
Data on Federal Government finance were prepared in the Bureau
of the Census with the cooperation of the Office of the Technical Staff, Treasury Department.
X
Series and basic text on copyrights, patents, and trade-marks were
supplied by P. J. Federico, Examiner-in-Chief, Patent Office,
Department of Commerce.
Chapter Z.
Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics
Historical Statistics .. . Colonial Times to 1970
Consultants—Lawrence A. Harper, University of California; Robert
C. Klove, Bureau of the Census
Major contributors—Jacob M. Price, University of Michigan; Stella
H. Sutherland, Due West, South Carolina
Historical Statistics . . . Colonial Times to 1957
Principal consultant—Lawrence A. Harper, University of California
Review consultant—Richard B. Morris, Columbia University
Other contributors—Robert E. Gallman, Ohio State University;
Jacob M. Price, University of Michigan; Stella H. Sutherland,
Oakland City College, Indiana
Introduction
This volume is the third in the Historical Statistics series issued
by the Bureau of the Census as a supplement to the annual Statistical
Abstract of the United States.
Statistics are a valuable adjunct to historical analysis. They
often clarify and enrich qualitative history and on occasion become
important parts of a historical record on their own. However, users
of historical data are faced with the paradox of over-abundance and
scarcity. A burdensome multiplicity of sources has frequently to be
consulted in order to reconstruct one quantitative aspect of a particular subject. Just as often, users are confronted by a discouraging
barrenness of data, discoverable only after much costly work and
delay.
The objective of the Historical Statistics volumes is to provide a
convenient reference source which has two functions, collecting and
referring. The collecting function consists of assembling, selecting,
and arranging data from hundreds of sources and making them available within a single source. The referring function consists of text
annotations to the data which act as a guide to sources of greater
detail. The annotations also define terms used in the tables and
include essential qualifying statements.
The first volume in this series, Historical Statistics of the United
States, 1789-19^5, was published in 1949. It provided a wide range
of series quantifying various aspects of the development of the Nation.
An interim Continuation to 1952 was issued in 1954 to provide data
for 1946 to 1952 for the still-active series shown in the first volume.
Limited resources confined the scope of the first volume to data most
readily available, usually from governmental agency sources. Nevertheless, some 3,000 statistical time series were presented.
Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957,
issued in 1960, represented a substantial expansion of the data shown
in the original volume. It presented more than 8,000 time series,
mostly annual, on a greater variety of subjects and for longer time
periods. The statistics were also more fully annotated and more
precise references to original sources were provided. For a greater
number of series, in addition, there were more detailed descriptions of
the development and reliability of the data. A Continuation to 1962
and Revisions was issued in 1965, presenting revisions of data in the
basic volume and extensions to 1962 of the more than 6,000 series still
current at that time.
Each of the first two volumes was prepared with the cooperation of
the Social Science Research Council, the guidance of a distinguished
Advisory Committee, and the assistance of numerous scholars, research analysts, and particular subject specialists. A description
tracing the development of the first two editions appears below under
"Origin of Historical Statistics of the United States."
During the latter 1960's, the supply of copies of Historical Statistics . . . to 1957 available for sale from the U.S. Superintendent of D o c uments was exhausted. The edition had already been through a cycle
of five printings and a question was raised concerning the advisability
of further printings in the light of a possible new edition. The question was timely. Experience with the first two editions and their
Continuation supplements had shown that a new edition was desirable
at 10 to 12 year intervals. The Continuation supplements were at
best handy stopgaps for researchers, a serviceable minimum seriously
lacking in documentation. As each year lengthened the interval
between editions, the "convenience" value of both the Continuation
to 1962 and its parent Historical Statistics . . . to 1957 diminished.
More and more time series were revised in part or entirely replaced.
Further, the task for the user of updating the still active, unrevised,
series became more burdensome despite the special efforts of the an-
nual Statistical Abstract to maintain a direct linkage to as many historical series as possible in its current tables. As a result, a decision
was made in 1969 to begin preparation of a new edition.
The plans for the new edition immediately encountered the problem of funding and resources. It was clearly impractical at that
time, given the available resources, to consider undertaking a fullfledged new edition of Historical Statistics. The determination to
make a start, however, was very strong and more modest objectives
were adopted. In effect, the early plans for the present edition
proposed that it comprise little more than: (1) An extension to 1970
of those series for which current data were available; (2) revisions
of data which had occurred since issuance of the Continuation to 1962;
and (3) a reprinting of those series in Historical Statistics . . . to 1957
which had not been affected by either updating or revisions. N o
time span was specifically set down to complete the work because
there was a clear understanding that it was a part-time staff project.
Two other aspects of this plan differed considerably from the
procedures followed for the last edition. For that edition, a large
number of consultants were enlisted for their expertise in assembling
and developing new time series, reviewing and adjusting old time
series, and providing explanatory and bibliographic notes for both.
Although most of these consultants, especially those in Federal
agencies, contributed their own and their agencies services without
compensation, many were compensated from funds provided by the
Ford Foundation (by arrangement through the Social Science Research Council). For the new edition, given the limited resources,
consultants' contributions were recruited on a public service basis
entirely. Partly for the same reason, it was decided not to revive
the collaboration of the Census Bureau with the Social Science Research Council which had proved so highly effective for the first two
Historical Statistics editions. Even more convincing for the Bureau
decision to undertake the project alone was the solidity of the base
which those editions now provided for the next edition. Seeking
such collaboration again seemed unwarranted in the light of the
modest objectives outlined above.
As the work slowly progressed and as the many consultants and
contributors gave generously of their knowledge and talent, it became
clear that our objectives were too restrictive; that our contemplated
mere updating would, if adhered to, have to ignore a large accumulation of new time series which were either ineligible for the last edition
(at that time they covered a period of less than 20 years) or had not
been discovered or properly developed prior to that edition. The
gradual accretion of new material plus the additions to old material
substantially changed the planned scope of the present edition. What
follows are some measures of the changes in content introduced in the
present edition.
All of the broad subject fields shown as separate chapters in the
last edition are included in this edition and follow the same sequence.
Within some of the chapters, however, chapter segments have been
regrouped into new subchapters (as in chapters K and X ) and in
others, the sequence of the subchapters has been changed (as in
chapters H, Q, and U) to achieve minor improvements in the juxtaposition of subjects.
In two chapters, two entirely new subchapters have been added:
"Input-Output Structure of the U.S. Economy" to chapter F and
"Flow of Funds" to chapter X .
The present edition presents more than 12,500 time series, a 50percent increase over the last edition. Every chapter has undergone
some expansion with respect to new time series. Chapter F, national
income and wealth, and chapter H, social statistics, doubled in num-
XI
INTRODUCTION
ber of series; the former from 345 to 723 and the latter from 543 to
1,170. The increase in chapter F was largely due to newly-added
data for economic growth rates, greater detail than was previously
shown for national and personal income, and data showing valuation
of capital stocks. Unsurprisingly, the largest increase in series
occurred in chapter H where the data for social insurance and welfare,
education, and crime and correction reflect the great public attention
given to these subjects in recent decades. Almost equally large
increases took place for chapter K , agriculture, and chapter X , financial markets and institutions (formerly banking and finance); chapter
K from 328 series to 623; chapter X from 480 to 962. Partly to
accommodate the increase in series, chapter K has been subdivided
into 4 parts. Most of the new series in chapter K relate to farm
population and farm-operator characteristics, farm marketings,
government payments and price supports, and a number of new
measures of farm productivity. For chapter X , the bulk of the
increase in series is in the new flow-of-funds subchapter.
Several chapters now include for the first time a number of data
series below the national level. In all, there are 13 new tables (comprising 484 series) in this category, 9 of which present data for the
individual States and 4 for either regions (e.g. the South or the West)
or the smaller geographic divisions (e.g. New England, South Atlantic). Perhaps of special interest among these tables are the series on
population characteristics and land area for each State (A 195-263),
those on selected items for farms and farm population by State (K
17-81), those on voter participation in presidential elections by State
(Y 27-78), and those on population censuses taken in the colonies
and States during the colonial and pre-Federal period (Z 24-132).
In addition, each of 4 chapters (D, G, Q, and Z) includes at least
200 or more new series and each of 10 chapters (A, B, L, N, P, S,
T, U, V, and Y ) includes 100 or more. A summary of selected new
series included in each chapter is shown on p. X V .
One other important change is the reinstatement of a time period
index (see p. A - 4 ) which first appeared in Historical Statistics. ..,
1789 to 191f5. The index enables users to identify quickly which time
series (or statistics for particular subjects) begin in the specified
10- or 20-year time segment (e.g. 1800-1819, 1820-1839).
As a result of the complete review and updating of the contents of
the last edition of Historical Statistics, many changes, apart from
the entirely new series, have occurred in both the tables, the descriptive text, and the bibliographic notes. Most of the changes are due
to revisions and corrections made during the interval between the
last and present editions by the sources of the data affected. Where
users of both editions become aware of discrepancies in what purport
to be identical sets of data, it is safe to assume that the figures, descriptive text, and notes in the present edition supersede those in the
last edition.
With rare exception, all of the series shown in the last edition are
also included here. 76 series were omitted. They were primarily
discontinued series replaced on recommendations of consultants by
other series of a similar kind or were considered of marginal importance
or relatively weak in other respects. In one or two instances, space
was also a factor.
Bureau of the Census plans to prepare an historical supplement to the
Statistical Abstract of the United States. The formal decision in 1945
by the Bureau of the Census to compile and publish such a volume
led to the reconstitution of the joint committee, which then became
the Social Science Research Council Committee on the Source Book
of Historical Statistics, Advisory to the Bureau of the Census.
After' the first edition was issued in June 1949, the Economic History Association, in response to a request from the Bureau of the
Census, appointed an advisory committee in September 1950 to
evaluate the volume and to make specific recommendations affecting
the question of its revision. This committee, formally designated
as the Committee of the Economic History Association on the Revision of Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19^5, was under
the chairmanship of G. Heberton Evans, Jr., The Johns Hopkins
University, and included the following as members: Arthur H. Cole,
Harvard University; Shepard Clough, Columbia University; T. C.
Cochran, University of Pennsylvania, and Solomon Fabricant, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. In April 1952 the committee submitted a report to the Bureau of the Census entitled "On
the Revision of Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19U5."
The conclusions and comments presented in this report were subsequently influential in getting underway the project for a revised
volume.
For the second edition, Historical Statistics of the United States,
Colonial Times to 1957, the Bureau designated a project director who
also acted as secretary of the Committee on Historical Statistics
appointed by the Social Science Research Council to serve as an
advisory group similar to the committee which participated in the
preparation of the first edition. The Census Bureau again assumed
the responsibility for publishing the volume as a part of its Statistical
Abstract program. The Social Science Research Council, in turn,
obtained a grant from the Ford Foundation which provided funds
for the procurement of services of experts in each field. More than
125 such specialists were engaged to serve as consultants. The
Council also made arrangements with some of the consultants for the
preparation of bibliographic essays on statistics in selected fields, five
of which were subsequently published in the Journal of the American
Statistical Association.
The Problem of Historical Statistics
The scattered sources of historical statistics of the United States
include the annual reports of the executive heads of the agencies of
the Federal Government, reports of special Federal commissions, the
U.S. census volumes, printed debates of the Congress, published
reports of committees of the Congress and transcripts of hearings on
important legislative measures, published reports and documents of
the State governments, statistical publications of private research
organizations and of the universities and colleges of the Nation,
together with the great mass of statistical volumes printed by other
private organizations and individuals.
It has been noted that on occasion compilers, desiring to save the
time and effort required to obtain data directly from the original
sources, make use of successive issues of the annual Statistical Abstract
Origin of Historical Statistics of the United States
of the United States to construct long-term time series. The results
of such a procedure are not always sound, since the space available
in the Statistical Abstract for describing major revisions in time series
The first edition, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789191^5, was formally initiated by a recommendation in 1945 by the may not permit adequate clarification. Of the many revised figures
appearing in each issue, most revisions apply to the immediate precedSocial Science Research Council that the Secretary of Commerce
ing years, but revisions of much earlier years are not uncommon.
consider compilation and publication by the Bureau of the Census
Moreover, the revisions shown have followed no systematic pattern
of a source book of economic statistics.
and may be scattered irregularly over many issues.
Earlier the same year, J. Frederic Dewhurst urged the development
of an historical source book in a proposal to the American Statistical
Impediments to the use of historical statistics, then, include the
initial difficulty of determining whether the data in fact exist, of
Association and the American Economic Association. A joint comidentifying the document in which the data may be found, of conmittee was named by these associations, joined by the Economic
structing time series where the data may not be arranged in suitable
History Association, to explore the practical problems of preparing
form, and of identifying and interpreting changes in concept and
such a volume. Dr. Dewhurst's proposal coincided closely with
XII
INTRODUCTION
coverage. Definitions employed in published historical tables, moreover, may have to be sought in separate publications if, indeed, they
have been published at all.
Technical Notes and Explanations
Arrangement of the data. Data are arranged for broad subjects in
lettered chapters and for more specific and detailed subjects in numbered series within each chapter. T o facilitate reference, subject
groups are organized in summary form under chapter and subchapter
titles in the table of contents (p. IV). In addition, there is a detailed
alphabetical subject index (p. A-10). The data are presented in
conventional tabular form, each table comprising a group of subjectrelated series. Each series or tabular column is assigned a unique
letter and number. The letter prefix identifies the chapter and the
number represents the order of the series in the chapter. Thus the
44th series in the chapter on agriculture is designated K 44 to distinguish it from the 44th series in the chapter on transportation, Q 44.
Because of possible confusion with numerals, the capital letters I and
O have been omitted in identifying chapters. Source citations and
descriptive text material (see below) are linked to the data series by
use of the assigned series numbers.
All series begin with the most recent year for which data have been
obtained and run backward in time. This arrangement was selected
because it lent itself to more compact, less space-consuming presentation than the alternative of beginning with the earliest year. Insofar
as possible, there are uniformly placed spaces above every year ending
in 0 or 5. No data are shown for years subsequent to 1970. Figures
for later years for most of the current series are presented in the
Statistical Abstract of the United States beginning with the 1973
edition.
Basic guidelines. The guidelines adopted for this edition to aid
Census Bureau staff members, subject matter consultants, and other
participants with respect to selection and presentation of the data
are quite similar to those of the last edition. As was the case then,
however, the guidelines were not followed with complete rigidity. At
times, the scope, variety, and complexity of the data involved made
it necessary to modify the rules for the sake of clarity or internal consistency. The guidelines applied and the elements subject to application are discussed below.
Area coverage. Except as otherwise specified, data generally represent conterminous United States or the 48 States (including the
District of Columbia) prior to the admission of Alaska and Hawaii
to statehood and the 50 States thereafter. Asterisks on individual
tables or series indicate the first year for which the figures include
Alaska and Hawaii to the extent that their inclusion could be ascertained. For some series, especially in chapter K, the notes specifying
inclusion or exclusion of Alaska and Hawaii appear in the text. In
some instances, the sources used for data failed to specify the area
covered. Where practicable, the data were examined and the appropriate qualifications were added.
Because of limitations of space, data are not generally shown for
regions, States, or localities. Some exceptions were permitted, however, as noted above with respect to data for regions and States.
Other exceptions were of a more specialized nature as in the following
instances: Where regional statistics are helpful for correct interpretation of data, such as presentation of merchant marine statistics
separately for each coast and for inland waters; where data in the
subject field cannot (by definition) be summarized effectively for the
United States, such as internal migration data; where summary data
for a given subarea or market are indicative of general trend or level,
such as prices on the New York Stock Exchange or in specified cities;
where data for a given area effectively represent the national picture
because of concentration of production, etc., as Pennsylvania anthracite; where data are available for only a given area as in the case of
many series concerned with early American history and limited to the
Atlantic seaboard.
Time coverage. In general, only annual or census-period data
which cover at least 20 years are presented. A major exception was
made for series covering the colonial or pre-Federal period. Other
exceptions were permitted where newly developed series of recent
origin were the only data available to represent an important subject
field or where a short series was an important extension of other longer
series.
The general requirements as to time coverage were specifically
designed to permit inclusion of "lapsed" series, particularly those
falling within the nineteenth century or extending into the early
twentieth century. The lapsed series, which begin and terminate
in the past, represent major fields of interest during various phases
of American historical development; frequently they must be sought
in out-of-print documents which are available in few libraries.
The identification of time-periods was complicated by failure of
some sources to state whether the data were prepared on a calendaryear or on a fiscal-year basis; by shifts in time coverage from calendar
to fiscal year during the period of the series, and, in some instances, by
the lack of identification of the beginning or ending date of the fiscal
year. In all such cases, particularly where time shifts seemed likely
to have occurred, an effort was made to identify the correct basis.
Frequency of data. Annual data are given preference but certain
series are presented only for years in which a national census was
conducted, and, in some instances (for example, telephone and telegraph rates), only for the scattered dates for which the data are
available. Where both annual figures and decennial or quinquennial
benchmark or census data exist, both series are frequently shown.
Series linkage. No formal attempt was made to extend a single
series back through time by linking it to another series which terminated at or near the date on which the first began. In a number
of instances, however, such series are presented in adjoining columns,
with an overlap for a period of years, when available.
Selection of data. The criteria of selection varied broadly, depending on a number of factors applicable to the subject matter involved.
Generally, summary measures or one-dimensional aggregates at gross
levels and immediately below were given highest priority for inclusion. Below such levels, selection was governed by the interplay of:
The amount of space already devoted to a particular subject; the
attempt to achieve a relatively balanced presentation among subject
fields; the "uniqueness" (in the sense that other data did or did not
fairly cover a particular subject) of the data; the quantity of data
available; the quality of the data available; and the extent to which
data might be related to and enhance the value of other data.
Among less discretionary factors, both area detail (see above under
area coverage) and subject detail, such as cross-classifications or
data for specific commodities, were held to a minimum because of
space limitations. Inevitably, there were exceptions where synthesis
or summarization did serious damage to the value of a series or where
it was clearly more meaningful to show series for specific commodities
than a group aggregate.
Presentation of absolute rather than derived data. Primary emphasis was placed on the presentation of absolute figures rather than
on derived data since the absolute figures offer somewhat greater
flexibility to the user. The major exception was the presentation
of index numbers. In general, percentage distributions of absolute
data already shown are not presented. Other percentage data, and
averages, medians, ratios, and rates were used only where they resulted in a significant economy in space or where they significantly
facilitated interpretation. No attempt was made to convert various
series of index numbers to a base year or period other than that shown
in the source. Large numbers (8 digits or more, for example) shown
in the source documents have been rounded to thousands, millions, or
billions for ease of use and reference only as staff resources allowed.
Omissions of data, "blank" cells. The significance of dashes in
tabular cells varies from series to series. In general, the presence of
cell "leaders" or "dashes" indicates merely that no information was
provided. Dash entries may mean that no information exists for
the given year; the entry, if shown, would be zero; the information
XIII
INTRODUCTION
was not available; or the information is believed to exist in published
form but it was not practicable to do the research necessary to locate
the appropriate source. The user will have to judge from the context
which meaning is appropriate in each particular instance.
The practices of the various sources of information differ as to the
meaning of dashes in cells, the extent to which they label data as
"not available," the meaning of the term "not available," the use of
the zero entry, etc. In general, the policy adopted in preparing this
volume was to retain "not available" notations where they appeared
for intermediate years in the series; to change them to dashes where
they appeared at the beginning or end of the series. Where cells
were left blank in the sources, they were filled with dashes unless
there was evidence that "not available" was a more appropriate entry.
Since series of varying length taken from different sources are
frequently found in adjoining columns in a table, the stub listings for
years necessarily encompass the earliest and latest date for which any
of the series in the table are shown. In itself, this tends to create
many additional blank cells since missing entries have been replaced
by dashes in order to make it easier for the user's eye to trace the
entries for a given year across the entire table.
Source citations and text. For every series shown, the text notes
present the source or sources of the data. In most cases, precise
publication dates and page or table numbers are given. However,
where numerous issues of a certain publication were used, the source
citations are usually limited to "annual issues," "various monthly
issues," or similar notations. The term "unpublished data" means
that the data were not in published form at the time they were obtained for use in this edition. In many cases, such data were scheduled for inclusion in forthcoming publications.
Where possible the descriptive text includes definitions of concepts
and terms used, and sufficient methodological and historical information to permit intelligent use of the data. For many series the text
also includes reference to where more detail can be found. Unusual
values in a series are explained and major changes which affect comparability are noted. Methods used for adjusted or derived figures
are described, often with reference to a more complete description.
Copyright material. Copyright restrictions, where applicable, are
noted in source citations. Permission to quote or reprint copyright
material should be obtained directly from the copyright owner.
Statistical Reliability and Responsibility
The contents of this volume were obtained from a large number of
sources. All data from either censuses and surveys or based on
estimates or administrative records are subject to error arising from
a number of sources: Sampling variability (for statistics based on
samples), reporting errors in the data for individual units, incomplete
coverage, nonresponse, imputation, and processing error. The
Bureau of the Census cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy
or the limitations of data presented here, other than for those which
it collects. Every attempt has been made, within the limits of time
and available personnel, to verify and correctly identify the material.
Final responsibility for selection of the material, and for its accurate
and proper presentation, rests with the Bureau of the Census, even
though carried out with the cooperation of many individuals and
agencies who devoted much time and energy in providing data and
descriptions of series for this publication.
The information presented in this volume supersedes all similar information presented in Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957, and in Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times
to 1957: Continuation to 1962 and Revisions.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON DATA PRESENTED
please consult the source publications available in local libraries or write to the agency indicated in the source
note in the descriptive text for the given statistical series. Write to the Bureau of the Census only if it is indicated as the source.
SUGGESTIONS AND COMMENTS
should be sent to:
The Director
Bureau of the Census
Washington, D.C. 20233
XIV
Summary of Selected New Series in This Edition
Chapter and title
Number
of new
Summary of selected new series
A. Population
198
Urban population characteristics (A
82-90); foreign born, b y sex and
race (A 105-118); population characteristics and land area, by States
(A 195-263); households, by number
of persons (A 335-349); inmates of
institutions (A 359-371)
B.
180
Fertility and birth rates, by age
of mother (B 11-19); illegitimate
births and rates (B 28-35); health
expenditures (B 221-261); hospital
use rates, expenses, personnel, and
insurance coverage (B 381-422)
C.
Vital Statistics
and Health and
Medical Care
Migration
36
Aliens naturalized (C 162-167); passenger arrivals and departures (C
296-331)
227
Working women (D 49-74); unemployment rates (D 87-115); employee output (D 683-704); employee earnings (D 705-786); union
membership and work stoppages
(D 927-939, D 986-1021)
22
G N P implicit price deflators (E 1-22)
362
G N P growth rates and per capita
(F 10-31); G N P summary and by
type of industry (F 32-46), F 130162); national and personal income
(F 163-209, F 250-348); national
tangible assets (F 349-376); value
and age of capital stocks (F 470534)
G. Consumer Income and Expenditures
292
Distribution of families and persons,
by money income levels (G 1-268);
nutritive value of city diets (G 857865); food used at home (G 866-880)
H. Social Statistics
675
D. Labor
E.
Prices
F.
National Income
and Wealth
J.
Land, Water,
and Climate
K. Agriculture
Employee benefit plans (H 70-114)
OASDHI (social security) coverage
benefits, and trust fund (H 186-259)
Civil Service retirement (H 260-270)
private philanthropy (H 398-411)
schools and school enrollment (H
418-432, H 442-522); school retention rates (H 587-597); income, by
years of school completed (H 648663); illiteracy (H 669-688); doctorates, by field (H 766-787); foreign travel, passports issued, and
foreign visitors to U.S. (H 894-951);
crimes and crime rates (H 952-961);
homicides and suicides (H 971-986);
criminal justice expenditures (H
1012-1027); lawyers (H 1028-1062);
courts (H 1063-1124)
15
Indian lands (J 16-19); tornadoes,
floods, and cyclones (J 268-278)
315
Farm population, land in farms, farm
property, farm products sold (K 1 81); farm operator characteristics
(K 82-108); balance sheet of farming
and value of gross farm product (K
204-239); farm income and farm
marketings (K 256-343); farm productivity (K 407-495)
Chapter and title
L.
Forestry and
Fisheries
Number
of new
series
Summary of selected new series
153
Forest products production, imports,
exports, and consumption (L 56-71,
L 87-97, L 138-165, L 178-198);
fishery imports and exports (L 224235); value of landed fish catches
(L 244-253); prices received by
fishermen (L 321-337)
26
Employment and man-hours in mineral industries (M 287-306)
N. Construction
and Housing
120
Wholesale price indexes for construction materials (N 140-155); new
publicly-owned housing starts (N
171-179); value and mean age of
stocks of residential structures (N
200-231); housing vacancy rates
(N 246-258)
P.
132
General statistics (P 58-67); horsepower of power equipment (P 68-73);
shipments, inventories, and orders
(P 74-92); corporation sales, profits,
and equity (P 93-106); shares of largest companies (P 177-204); consumption of selected commodities (P 216230)
240
Intercity passenger traffic (Q 1 - 1 1 ) ;
revenues and employment, by type of
transport (Q 23-46); intercity motor
carriers (Q 69-81); long-term public
highway debt (Q 136-147); motor
vehicle insurance, ownership, and
financing (Q 163-186); motor vehicle
speed, miles of travel, and accidents
(Q 187-232); merchant vessels built,
repaired, launched, and active (Q
438-480, Q 487-502)
53
Cable T V (R 98-101); radio and T V
finances (R 113-120, R 130-137);
new books published (R 195-217);
newsprint consumption (R 218-223)
M . Minerals
Manufactures
Q. Transportation
R.
Communications
S.
Energy
124
Consumption of raw materials and
fuel resources (S 15-31); privatelyowned electric utility generating
plants and balance sheet and income
items (S 58-73, S 133-146); R E A
summary of operations (S 147-159);
waterpower (S 160-175); natural gas
consumption and gas utility industry
(S 178-218)
T.
Distribution
and Services
100
Annual earnings of full-time employees (T 29-42); legal form of
organization of industries (T 43-57);
merchant wholesalers sales and stocks
(T 375-383); index of national advertising expenditures (T 472-484)
U. International
Transactions
and Foreign
Commerce
155
Value of direct foreign investment in
U.S. (U 47-74); U.S. Government
foreign grants and credits (U 75-186);
exports and imports, by broad enduse class (U 249-263)
V.
115
Number of firms, by type of ownership (V 1 - 1 2 ) ; income of unincorporated firms (V 66-77); manufacturing
and trade sales and inventories
(V 78-107); gross product and unit
costs of nonfinancial corporations
Business Enterprise
XV
INTRODUCTION
Summary of Selected New Series in This Edition—Con.
Chapter and title
Number
of new
series
Summary of selected new series
(V 141-166); business expenditures
for new plant and equipment (V 306332)
W. Productivity and
Technological
Development
X. Financial Markets and Institutions
XVI
60
Indexes of output per man-hour and
per employed person (W 22-29);
funds for research and development
(W 109-125, W 161-167); employment of natural scientists and engineers (W 168-180)
517
Flow of funds (X 1-392); sales of
stocks and bonds on registered exchanges (X 517-530); savings and
other time deposits, by institution
(X 687-697); assets and liabilities
of mutual savings banks and savings
and loan associations (X 821-844);
selected items of property-liability
insurance (X 918-932); stock and
mutual insurance companies (X 933956)
Chapter and title
Number
of new
series
Summary of selected new series
Y.
Government
158
Voter participation in presidential
elections (Y 28-78); costs of presidential elections (Y 187-188); congressional bills vetoed (Y 199-203);
Federal Government full-time civilian
employment (Y 318-331); Federal
grants to State and local governments (Y 638-651); selective service
registrants (Y 917-926); defendants
charged with violation of selective
service acts (Y 927-942)
Z.
Colonial and
Pre-Federal
Statistics
200
Population censuses taken in the
colonies and States (Z 24-132); components of private wealth for the
thirteen colonies (Z 169-191); exports to and imports from Scotland,
by colonies and States (Z 227-244);
commodity imports and exports,
shipping earnings, and value of
slaves imported (Z 286-290); vessels
built in colonies and West Florida
(Z 510-529)
Part 2
Chapter N—Chapter Z
For Chapter A—Chapter M,
see Part 1
Chapter N
Construction and Housing
Construction (Series N 1-155)
N 1-60.
General note.
On July 1, 1959, full responsibility for compiling and publishing
value-in-place estimates for new construction was placed in the U.S.
Department of Commerce. Prior to that date, the U.S. Department
of Labor was responsible for the estimates of value of private housekeeping residential construction and of all public construction, and
the U.S. Department of Commerce was responsible for the estimates
of all other new construction, of maintenance and repair expenditures,
and of expenditures in constant prices for all types of construction.
Specific definitions of the terms used here and discussion of sources
and methodology are given in the source publications. New construction includes the complete, original erection of structures and
essential service facilities, as well as major additions and alterations.
It does not include mobile structures, special purpose equipment
(e.g. steam tables in restaurants, printing presses, refrigerators and
dishwashers, church pews, etc.), demolition of structures if not part
of a construction contract, oil and gas well drilling, digging and
shoring of mines, and farming operations such as plowing, terracing, or
digging of drainage ditches.
The value of construction put in place is a measure of the value of
construction installed or erected at the site during a given period.
For an individual project, this includes the cost of material installed
or erected, the cost of labor performed (both by the contractors and
by force account employees) and a proportionate share of the cost of
construction equipment used, the contractor's profit, the project
owner's overhead costs, the cost of architectural and engineering
work, and miscellaneous costs chargeable to the project on the owner's
books.
The total value in place for a given period is the sum of the value
put in place on all projects underway during this period, regardless
of when work on each individual project was started or when payment
was made to the contractors.
The estimates do not always conform completely to the value-inplace concept. For some categories, the published estimates represent
payments made during a period rather than the value of work actually
done during that period. For other categories, the estimates are
derived by distributing the total construction cost of the project in
accordance with fixed construction progress patterns.
Estimates of the value of new construction by States are available
only for 1939-1952 in Department of Commerce, Construction and
Building Materials, Statistical Supplement, " N e w Construction by
Regions and States, 1939-1952."
Significant revisions in basic data were made for all or part of the
period beginning in 1960 in four categories: New private housing
units, private nonresidential buildings, farm construction, and privately owned public utilities. These revisions are noted in the text
for those series.
The estimates for other series have only small revisions made
necessary by the incorporation of newly available basic data.
Except as indicated in footnotes, all these series are essentially
comparable back to 1946, as the result of revisions made in 1964
to establish historical comparability. For series N 1-29, two sets of
data are given for 1946 in order to show comparability also between
1946 and earlier years. For a description of the revisions beginning
with 1946, see Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, series
C 30-61 Supplement, October 1964.
610
N 1-29. Value of new private and public construction put in place,
1915-1970.
Source: 1915-1957 (except as indicated in footnote 9), U.S.
Business and Defense Services Administration, Construction Statistics,
1915-1964, a supplement to Construction Review, January 1966, pp.
2-7. 1958-1970, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports,
series C 30-74-5, pp. 8 and 9, and unpublished data.
N 1-3, total new, total new private, and total new private residential construction. Series N 1 is the sum of series N 2 and N 19; series
N 2 is the sum of series N 3, N 7, N 11, N 12, and N 18; series N 3
is the sum of series N 4 - 6 .
N 4, new housing units. This series covers all new houses and
apartments, including housing at all levels of value and quality, such
as prefabricated units, shell houses, basement (or capped) houses, and
houses built of used materials. The estimates for 1941-1970 are
based on monthly reports of the value of new housing units authorized
by local building permits and on monthly field surveys in a sample
of areas not issuing building permits. Values in building permit
reports are adjusted to reflect the construction cost of housing units
in all permit-issuing places, reporting and nonreporting, to compensate for the typical understatement of costs in permits, and to
allow for lapses of permits. The permit and nonpermit segments
are then combined and further adjustments are made to cover architect and engineering fees and site development costs not covered
elsewhere. An expenditure pattern is developed for these adjusted
estimates of total costs to estimate the amount of work put in place
in the months following start of construction. Beginning 1960, this
series was revised to incorporate the results of new procedures and to
include farm housing, which was previously included in the farm
series. In this volume, series N 4 includes, and series N i l excludes,
farm housing (shown separately in the first source cited) for all years
except 1958 and 1959.
For 1921-1940, the data are based mainly on the value of permits
issued during each year, with rough adjustments for nonreporting
permit areas and nonpermit areas and for the other items mentioned
above. Only slight adjustment is made for year-to-year differences
in the amount of carryover of expenditures for units started near
the end of the year. The estimates for 1915-1920 are projected
back from the 1921-1922 average by using link relatives indicated
b y year-to-year changes in the value of residential building contracts
awarded as reported by the F. W. Dodge Corporation.
Residential construction expenditures for new 1 unit- and 2 or
more unit-structures are presented in Construction Reports, series C 30,
beginning with data for 1960. For a rough segregation of residential
construction expenditures into 1 - to 4-family housing and multifamily
housing, see Raymond W. Goldsmith, A Study of Saving in the United
States, vol. I, Princeton University Press, 1955, table R-28.
Series N 4 excludes group quarters, transient accommodations,
residential units in buildings which are primarily nonresidential, new
units provided b y conversion of residential or nonresidential space to
additional housing units, mobile homes, house trailers, and houseboats.
N 5, residential additions and alterations. This series includes
all remodeling of or additions to housing units subsequent to their
original completion, the construction of additional housing units in
existing residential structures, the finishing of basements or attics, and
CONSTRUCTION
the modernization of kitchens, bathrooms, etc. Work representing
normal maintenance and repair is not included.
Private residential construction is the only type of construction
activity for which the source publishes estimates of additions and
alterations separately, and the data cover housekeeping structures
only. For a discussion of the problems of estimating dependable
data on residential additions and alterations, particularly prior to
1960, see Marvin Wilkerson, "Revised Estimates of Residential
Additions and Alterations, 1945-56," Construction Review, June 1957.
N 6, nonhousekeeping residential buildings. These include fixed
structures providing residential facilities other than housekeeping
units, such as hotels (other than apartment hotels), motels, dormitories, nurses' homes, etc. The sources and estimating procedures
are the same as those for private nonresidential building. Revised
data were introduced for 1968 through 1970. They were obtained
from the Bureau of the Census' newly introduced Progress Reporting
Survey for the 13 Western States, and 37 Eastern States which accounts for an average of about 23 percent of this series.
See also text for series N 7-10 and series N 78-100.
N 7-10, new private nonresidential buildings. Estimates are
based on monthly records of the value of contract awards in the
District of Columbia and the 37 States east of the Rocky Mountains,
as compiled by the F. W. Dodge Division of the McGraw-Hill Information Systems Company (see text for series N 78-100). These
were adjusted for undercoverage, cancellations, and duplication of
construction reported by public utilities. Prior to 1968, data for the
13 Western States were derived by applying an adjustment factor
to the data for the Eastern States. Beginning 1968, the series are
based not only on the previously used survey data for the 37 Eastern
States but also on the results of the new survey covering the 13 Western States (see text for series N 6). The net effect of the new procedure was to lower the estimates for total new private nonresidential
building construction for 1968 by 3.4 percent in comparison to the
old method. In order to maintain a continuous series, the estimates
for total private nonresidential building were adjusted. The previously published totals were reduced starting in 1965 and continuing
through 1967, i.e., 0.1 percent decrease in March 1965, 0.2 percent
in April, etc. down to the 3.4 percent decrease in December 1967. A
corresponding adjustment could not be made by type of construction
for those years.
Also beginning 1968, the classification system for new projects
was revised from a building basis, i.e., the classification of the building
itself, to an establishment basis, i.e., classification based upon the
classification of the establishment at which the construction is taking
place or classification of the entire project of which the individual
building or subproject is part. For example, under the new classification, a cafeteria building at a hospital is classified under hospital and
institutional; under the previous classification, following an adjustment in the data, it would have been classified as commercial.
Through June 1962, the adjusted value of monthly contract awards
is converted to monthly estimates of expenditures on the assumption
that all projects are started in the month following the contract award
and on the basis of an expenditure pattern over subsequent months.
Beginning July 1962 (January 1968 in the 13 Western States), monthly
estimates of expenditures are derived from a monthly survey of construction progress.
N 11, farm construction, nonresidential. This series includes
buildings and structures such as barns, storage houses, smoke houses,
wells, fences, etc., which are constructed on places classified as farms.
Annual estimates of total expenditures on farm buildings are prepared
by the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They are based chiefly on data from sample surveys of construction expenditures of farm operators for 1934-1937, 1939, 1946,
1949, 1955, and 1971. Estimates for other years are made by
interpolation and extrapolation, based in part on inferences from
relevant data reported in Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial
Reports, and in part on regression analyses of selected series of farm
income and construction expenditures for past benchmark years.
N 12, total, privately
sum of series N 13-17.
from the incorporation of
1969 and from revision of
N 111-131
owned public utilities. This series is the
Recent revisions for public utilities result
late basic data for the years 1967 through
estimating procedures in 1970.
N 13, railroad. Railroad estimates are based on an annual summary of construction expenditures prepared by the Interstate Commerce Commission from reports by all Class I railroads which account
for over 95 percent of all railroad expenditures. These data are
adjusted to include estimates for Class II railroads based on ICC data
on railroad investment in roads and equipment. Prior to 1955, local
transit estimates of capital and maintenance expenditures were included from the annual Transit Fact Book of the American Transit
Association. Outlays by municipally owned transit companies were
deducted from these expenditures. The estimates for 1955-1958 are
projections based on an assumed gradual decline in expenditure from
the 1954 level to zero in 1959. For both railroads and local transit,
the estimates for 1915-1921 are extrapolations based on miles of
track added or rebuilt.
N 14, petroleum pipeline. Capital expenditures on pipelines for
1919-1970 were obtained from reports filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission. Adjustment was made for the purchase of
existing lines and for expenditures by companies not required to file
information with the Commission on the basis of data on gross capital
investment compiled by the Chase Manhattan Bank. Only rough
estimates by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce are
available for 1915-1918.
N 15, electric light and power. Annual estimates are based on
reports to the Federal Power Commission by privately owned electric
companies and on data reported to the Rural Electrification Administration by REA cooperative companies. For 1937-1970, annual
additions to electric plants reported to the Federal Power Commission were adjusted to include small companies not reporting
and to allow for work in progress and existing property purchased.
For 1921-1936, data from the Edison Electric Institute were used.
For 1915-1920, the data are based on an estimated year-by-year
distribution of the 5-year increments in plant and equipment derived
from data reported in the Census of Electrical Industries for 1912,
1917, and 1922.
N 16, gas. Annual estimates are based on reports to the Federal
Power Commission and data compiled by the American Gas Association. For 1929-1970, annual data published by the American Gas
Association were adjusted to eliminate equipment expenditures. For
1915-1928, estimates were obtained by extrapolation on the basis
of year-to-year changes in the fixed capital accounts of 50 large gas
companies.
N 17, telephone and telegraph. Estimated construction expenditures of the telephone industry for 1915-1970 were obtained from
the American Telephone and Telegraph Co.; they include expenditures for Bell System companies and estimates for independent
companies. Construction expenditures of the telegraph industry
were derived from capital expenditures reported by the Western
Union Telegraph Co. for 1927-1970 and by the Postal Telegraph and
Cable Co. for 1919-1943. Extrapolation back to 1915 was made on
the basis of annual increments in the value of plant and equipment.
N 18, all other private construction. This series includes unclassified items such as private dams and reservoirs not constructed
by public utility companies, sewer and water installations, roads,
bridges, parks and playgrounds, and airfields.
N 19, total new public construction. This series is the sum of
series N 20-21 and N 25-29. The distinction between private and
public construction is made on the basis of ownership rather than
source of funds. Some types of private institutional construction
involve Federal, State, or local aids to projects built by nonprofit
organizations. To this extent, the public construction estimates
do not account for all public expenditures for new construction.
N 20, public residential construction. The estimates are based
on reports of the Public Housing Administration, the New York City
611
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
Housing Authority, and other State and local agencies. They include
direct Federal construction during World War I, the depression of
the 1930's, and the defense and World War II periods (1940's); the
Federal low-rent public housing program initiated in 1937 and executed by State and local agencies with Federal loans and grants;
similar programs executed by State and local agencies without Federal
aid; and the Veterans Temporary Re-Use Housing Program of the
Federal Government initiated in 1945 and terminated in 1950. For
the number of housing units under the major programs, see series N
180-191.
Most of the estimates for federally owned construction are based on
monthly reports from Federal bureaus and agencies administering
residential construction programs. In a few instances, they are
based on information presented in the Federal budget documents.
For State and local residential construction prior to 1963, the
estimates are based on contract award data compiled from various
sources, such as the F. W. Dodge Corporation, the Public Housing
Administration, regional offices of the Housing and Home Finance
Agency, and State and local agencies responsible for construction of
public housing. For 1963-1968, the estimates are based on quarterly
expenditures data obtained by the Census Bureau in its quarterly
survey of construction expenditures of State and local governments.
Beginning 1968, they are based on monthly data on new construction
expenditures of State and local governments collected by the Census
Bureau in a monthly survey inaugurated with reports for October
1968.
N 21-24, public nonresidential buildings. Series N 21 is the sum
of series N 22-24. For Federal construction and State and local
projects under Federal-aid programs, the estimates are based on
reports of Federal agencies since 1941. For prior years, and for public
construction other than Federal or Federal-aid projects prior to 1963,
they were derived from the compilations of contract awards by the
F. W. Dodge Corporation, adjusted as explained in the text for series
N 7-10. For years beginning 1963, see text for series N 20.
N 25, military facilities. This series covers certain construction
owned by the Department of Defense, such as troop housing, administration and training buildings, warehouses, mess halls, recreation
centers, educational facilities, airfields and airport buildings, missile
sites, etc. It also covers construction of Coast Guard facilities.
Estimates for 1940-1970 are based on monthly reports by the
Department of Defense. Navy Department construction expenditures for 1915-1936 were derived from special tabulations of the
Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. Expenditures of the Navy for
1937-1939 and the War Department for 1915-1939 are based upon
expenditures shown in various issues of Bureau of the Budget, Budget
of the United States Government.
N 26, highways, roads, and streets. This series includes streets,
bridges, vehicular tunnels, viaducts, and forest and park roads owned
by Federal agencies other than the Department of Defense. It also
includes the following items if built in connection with a Federal
road: Culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, lighting, guard
rails, and earthwork protective structures.
For 1921-1962, estimates for State-administered highways are
based on annual reports of the Bureau of Public Roads adjusted to
include expenditures by county, municipal, and other local bodies.
The adjustments are based upon ratios developed from the analysis
of total highway construction and State highway construction. For
years beginning 1963, see text for series N 20. Estimates for 19151919 were derived from the 1920 Yearbook of Agriculture. The 1920
estimates were obtained by straight line interpolation.
N 27, sewer and water systems. For 1915-1942, estimates are
based upon data published annually in Bureau of the Census, Financial Statistics of Cities. Using the expenditure patterns of the city-size
groups reporting, expenditure ratios were derived for the smaller
municipalities and rural incorporated areas. For 1943-1962, estimates are based upon contracts awarded as reported by the F. W.
Dodge Corporation with adjustments for undercoverage. For years
beginning 1963, see text for series N 20.
612
N 28, conservation and development. For 1915-1942, expenditures
for reclamation, improvement of rivers and harbors, and flood control
work were derived from annual reports of the Corps of Engineers
and the Bureau of Reclamation. The fiscal-year basis of the reports
was converted to calendar year by taking one-half of the figure for
each fiscal year included within that calendar year. For 1943-1970,
estimates are based upon project reports furnished by the same two
agencies. Tennessee Valley Authority expenditures are available
in its annual reports. For Bureau of Indian Affairs, Forest Service,
National Park Service, Soil Conservation Service, Bonneville Power
Administration, Office of Saline Water, Southwestern Power Administration, International Boundary and Water Commission, and
St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, expenditures were
derived from special tabulations prepared by those agencies and from
the Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States
Government.
The estimates, with minor exceptions for earlier years, refer only
to expenditures by the Federal Government. State and local government expenditures for this type of construction are included in "All
other public," series N 29.
N 29, all other public construction. This series combines "miscellaneous public service enterprises" and "all other public construction" shown separately in the source. Construction expenditures by
Federal agencies not included in other series are, for the most part,
based on monthly or quarterly reports of the agencies or, in cases of
minor or occasional construction work, derived from fiscal-year data
in the Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States
Government. Outlays for municipal public service enterprises prior
to 1963 were obtained directly from the municipalities or estimated
from information reported in Bureau of the Census, Financial Statistics of Cities. Miscellaneous public construction estimates prior to
1963, other than those of the Federal Government, were derived
primarily from reports of contracts awarded, compiled by the F. W.
Dodge Corporation, from the Engineering News-Record, and from
other publications reporting contract awards. For years beginning
1963, see text for series N 20.
N 30-60. Value of new private and public construction put in place,
1957-59 dollars, 1915-1970.
Source: 1915-1959, see first source for series N 1-29, pp. 8-12.
1960-1970, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports, series
C 30, various issues.
Measurement of construction expenditures in constant prices is
an indirect way of approximating changes in the physical volume of
construction. These estimates are based on a deflation of each type
of construction by an appropriate construction cost index. For a
description of the cost indexes used for each type of construction, see
the source publication.
These series, revised back to 1947 on a 1967 constant dollar base,
are scheduled for issuance in 1975.
Beginning 1946, data are not entirely comparable with those for
earlier years; see text for series N 1-29.
N 61. Construction expenditures for maintenance and repair, 19151963.
Source: See first source for series N 1-29.
The estimates are, in general, much less reliable than those for new
construction and, to judge from past revisions and occasional partial
surveys, probably understate actual expenditures.
Estimates of nonfarm residential building for 1947-1963 are based
on the annual Survey of Consumer Finances of the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System, the consumer expenditure survey
for 1950 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and a 1950 survey of
outlays of owners of tenant-occupied dwelling units by the Office of
the Housing Expediter (conducted for purposes of rent control).
Data for earlier years are based on estimates of the value of all residen-
CONSTRUCTION
tial properties and on ratios of maintenance and repair expenditures
to value. These ratios were derived from various studies, such as
surveys of consumer purchases by the Department of Agriculture
and the Department of Labor, and wartime surveys made for purposes
of rent control.
Estimates for nonresidential building are based on corporate income tax returns covering manufacturing activities; cost analyses
for office buildings in the National Association of Building Owners
and Managers, Experience Exchange Reports; and reports by State
school agencies to the Office of Education.
Other maintenance expenditures were estimated from the same
sources used for the new construction figures. See text for series
N 11-18 and N 21-29.
The source also presents maintenance and repair expenditures for
major classes of construction. Beginning 1964, maintenance and
repair expenditures are available for residential construction only; see
Bureau of the Census Residential Alterations and Repairs, series C 50.
N 62-65. Expenditures for private nonfarm residential building,
1889-1921.
Source: Robert E. Lipsey and Doris Preston, Source Book of Statistics Relating to Construction, National Bureau of Economic Research
(NBER), New York, 1966, pp. 35-38 (copyright).
New housekeeping units data, series N 62-63, are from David M.
Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction, 1889-1950, Technical
Paper 9, NBER, 1954, table 18. Blank's estimates were intended
primarily to extend the official current dollar series (see series N 4),
which begins in 1915, to earlier years. Blank presented his data for
1915-1920 as an improvement over the official series, and accepted the
official series beginning 1921. Although Blank's estimating procedure
was, in general, the same as that used for series N 4, more comprehensive source material and more refined techniques were used for the
Blank estimates.
Blank estimated the permit value of new construction from Bureau
of Labor Statistics-Works Progress Administration permit data by
the same methods used in the Bureau of the Census Construction
Reports (C 20), except that the calculation for all nonfarm housing
units had to take account of the fact that rural nonfarm units had
lower average values than urban nonfarm units. The permit valuations were then increased to allow for undervaluation of construction
costs and to cover architects' and engineers' fees, land development
costs, and builders' profit margins on construction operations. They
were then converted to a construction-put-in-place basis, by extending
the carryover of construction from one year to the next.
The constant dollar series was derived by deflating the current
dollar data by a construction cost index developed by Blank. The
index for 1910-1921 is based on the Boeckh index of residential construction. Earlier years are extrapolated by indexes of building-trade
wage rates and building materials prices.
Data for additions and alterations to housekeeping units, series
N 64-65, are from Leo Grebler, David M. Blank, and Louis Winnick,
Capital Formation in Residential Real Estate: Trends and Prospects,
N B E R , 1956, pp. 40-52, 336, and 362. Additions and alterations are
defined as in the Commerce series (see series N 61). Official Commerce estimates were carried back from 1921 by a crude graphic
extrapolation using the movement of housekeeping construction
expenditures but reducing the amplitude of fluctuation.
N 66-69. Value of new public construction put in place, by ownership
and source of funds, 1915-1970.
Source: 1915-1946 (comparable with earlier years), U.S. Departments of Labor and Commerce, "Construction Volume and Costs,
1915-1946," statistical supplement to Construction Review, 1958,
p. 10; 1946 (comparable with later years), U.S. Business and Defense
Services Administration, "Construction Statistics, 1915-1964," supplement to Construction Review, January 1966, p. 14, and unpublished
data; 1963-1970, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Construction Reports,
series C 30, and unpublished data.
N 111-131
The sources also present detailed data by types of public construction. For bases of estimates, see text for series N 20-29.
N 70-77. Expenditures for new construction, private residential and
nonresidential and public, in current and constant (1929) dollars,
1869-1955.
Source: Robert E. Lipsey and Doris Preston, Source Book of Statistics Relating to Construction, National Bureau of Economic Research
(NBER), New York, 1966, pp. 29-32, 35-36, and 39-40 (copyright).
These series are a selection from the large number of annual estimates, partly unpublished, which underlie the five-year moving
averages published with explanatory notes in Simon Kuznets, Capital
in the American Economy: Its Formation and Financing, Princeton
University Press for NBER, 1961.
N 70-71, total new construction. Kuznets' current price figures
for 1952-1955 are U.S. Department of Commerce estimates of "Total
New Construction Activity" plus "Petroleum and Natural Gas Well
Drilling" from the Survey of Current Business, July 1956, table 31,
p. 22. The constant (1929) price estimates for 1953-1955 were
calculated, for private construction, from the current price estimates
and an implicit price index derived from current and constant dollar
figures in the Economic Report of the President, January 1956, pp. 165
and 168, and for public construction, by extrapolating the 1952
estimate by the constant price series in Construction Review, October
1956, p. 18.
For earlier years, Kuznets calculated total gross construction as
the sum of (1) cost of oil and gas wells drilled and (2) all other
construction.
The cost of oil and gas wells drilled in current prices was obtained
as follows: For 1889-1928, the Kuznets' data were calculated by
multiplying the series in 1929 prices by the price index for petroleum
pipe lines. For 1915-1928, this price index was calculated from
Business and Defense Services Administration (BDSA), Construction
and Building Materials, Statistical Supplement, May 1954, pp. 33 and
82; it was extrapolated back from 1915 by the total construction cost
index described in Kuznets, National Product Since 1869, N B E R , 1946,
table IV-4. For 1929-1938, this index was calculated from Office
of Business Economics (OBE), National Income, 1954 edition, p. 209;
1939-1945, from BDSA, Construction and Building Materials . . . ,
p. 56; and 1946-1955, from OBE, U.S. Income and Output, 1958. The
Commerce Department (BDSA and OBE) estimates represent all
costs of drilling, including the cost of casings. The cost of installed
production equipment, such as flowing and pumping equipment, is
excluded. The figures are based on the cost of drilling oil and gas
wells, as reported in the Census of Mineral Industries, 1939 and 1958,
interpolated and extrapolated by annual data on the number of wells
completed and on average cost per well.
The calculations for "all other construction" in current prices
were as follows: 1889-1918: Calculated by multiplying the series in
1929 prices by the underlying price index. The latter was computed
for 1915 and later years from Construction and Building Materials . . . ,
pp. 33 and 82, and was extrapolated from 1915 by the total construction cost index described in Kuznets, National Product. . . , table
IV-4, notes to line 1. 1919-1951: Sum of (a) new private nonfarm
residential construction including additions and alterations and
excluding nonhousekeeping, from Grebler, Blank, and Winnick,
Capital Formation . . . (cited in text for series N 62-65), appendix
B, table B-6, and (b) all other new construction, from Construction
and Building Materials . .., tables 2 and 3.
The cost, in 1929 dollars, of oil and gas wells drilled was calculated
as follows: Kuznets' data for 1889-1918 were extrapolated from the
1919 figure by the number of wells drilled each year (see pp. 526-527
of Kuznets, Capital in the American Economy . . . , for derivation).
For 1919-1928, data were extrapolated from the 1929 figure by the
series described in Kuznets, National Income and Its Composition,
1919-1988, NBER, 1941, p. 645. This series is based on individual
State data for number of wells drilled and 1935 costs. For 19291945, Kuznets used the Commerce series in current prices divided
613
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION A N D HOUSING
by the price index for petroleum pipelines, calculated from Construction and Building Materials . . . , pp. 33 and 82, and adjusted to a
1929 base. For 1946-1955, the sources used were the same as for
the current price series.
The value of "all other construction" in 1929 dollars was calculated
as follows: 1889-1914: Output of construction materials for domestic
consumption, multiplied by 1.54056, the ratio of new construction
to cost of construction materials consumed in 1919-1933. The
method of estimation is described in Kuznets, Capital in the American
Economy, table R-30, notes to column 10, and Kuznets, National
Product...,
table II-5, notes to column 7. For data on output
of construction materials, see William H. Shaw, Value of Commodity
Output Since 1869, N B E R , 1947 (series D 7). 1915-1920: Sum of
(1) new private nonfarm residential construction including additions
and alterations, in Grebler, Blank, and Winnick, Capital Formation . . . , appendix B, table B-6, and (2) other new construction from
Construction and Building Materials . . . , tables 15 and 16, adjusted
to 1929 prices. 1921-1952: Given in Construction and Building Materials . . . , tables 15 and 16, adjusted to 1929 prices.
N 72-73, private nonfarm residential building. Gross private
nonfarm residential construction is composed of housekeeping residential construction plus additions and alterations.
Current dollar figures were taken from the following sources: 18891920: New construction, from David M. Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction 1889-1950, table 18, plus a rough estimate of
additions and alterations from Leo Grebler, David M. Blank, and
Louis Winnick, Capital Formation . . . , table D-2, p. 363. The new
construction series was built up originally from the BLS-WPA building permit surveys (see Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction,
p. 33). Blank estimated the permit value of construction started
and the total cost of construction started. He then converted construction started to construction put in place, by using an estimate
of the average carryover into the following year of construction
started in a given year (ibid., pp. 52-56). 1921-1952: BLS-Commerce estimates published in Construction and Building Materials .. .,
p. 6, and Survey of Current Business, July 1956, table 31.
The constant (1929) dollar figures were calculated as follows: The
series in current prices was deflated by residential construction cost
indexes. For 1889-1952, the index in Grebler, Blank, and Winnick,
Capital Formation . . . , table B-10, column 1, was used. This is the
Boeckh residential construction cost index extrapolated back from
1910 by building-trade wage rates and building material prices. The
index for 1953-55 was the index implicit in the series for all private
residential nonfarm building (including nonhousekeeping) in 1947-49
prices, Construction Review, September 1956.
N 74-75, private nonresidential construction. These series were
calculated as a residual by subtracting from Kuznets' Capital in the
American Economy total new construction series, C 1 and C 2 (here
identified as series N 70-71), his series on gross private nonfarm
residential building, C 3 and C 4 (series N 72-73), gross nonmilitary
public construction, C 7 and C 8 (series N 76-77), and gross military
construction (an earlier version of BLS-Commerce series C 55 and
C 56); see source.
N 76-77, public construction. Current dollar figures were taken
from the following sources: 1889-1914: Sum of separate estimates
for Federal, State, and local governments. The Federal Government
series are derived mainly from those published in U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, 1789-19A5, 1949, and
the State and local government series are derived mainly from the
Census Bureau's publications on government finances. A detailed
description is given in Kuznets, Capital...,
notes to table R-30,
pp. 580-584. 1915-1955: BLS-Commerce estimates published in
Construction and Building Materials . . . , table 3 ("total public construction" minus "military facilities"), and Survey of Current Business,
July 1956, table 31.
The constant (1929) dollar figures were taken from the following
sources: 1889-1914: The components of the current price series were
614
converted to 1929 prices by separate price indexes, each derived by
extrapolating that implicit in the estimate for 1915 by the cost of
construction index described in National Product...,
table IV-4,
notes to line 1. (See Kuznets, Capital...,
table R-30 notes for
further detail.) 1915-1955: BLS-Commerce estimates, from Construction and Building Materials...,
table 16, adjusted to a 1929
price base, and extrapolated from 1952 to 1955 by the series in 1947-49
prices given in Construction Review, September 1956, table 4, p. 11.
N 78-100. Construction contracts awarded (Dodge)—value, and floor
space of buildings, by class of construction, 1901-1970.
Source: 1901-1924, Robert E. Lipsey and Doris Preston, Source
Book of Statistics Relating to Construction, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1966, pp. 15-21 (copyright); 1925-1970,
F. W. Dodge Division, McGraw-Hill Information Systems Company,
New York (propriety data provided by special permission).
These series, except the part of residential buildings comprising
privately owned one- and two-family houses, are based upon daily
reports by the F. W. Dodge field staff. This field staff contacts
owners, architects, engineers, contractors, financial institutions, real
estate brokers, and others able to supply reliable information on
construction projects. The series include new construction, additions, and major alterations within 60 days of work start. They
exclude maintenance and repair work, farm building, ship building,
and a part of force-account work done by firms and public agencies.
Geographic coverage has been increased in several steps since the
series began. The earliest data beginning 1901 cover total construction in the New England States. Data covering 27 northeastern
States and the District of Columbia are available from 1910; the
addition of nine southern States between 1920 to 1923 brought the
total to 36. Texas was added in 1924. The 37 States covered then
excluded Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona,
Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, and California. For the remaining 11 western States, information gathered from permit places,
publications, and a sample of areas was used. From 1956 to 1969, the
48 conterminous States were covered; beginning 1970, all 50 States.
Valuation represents, as nearly as possible, actual construction
costs, including subcontracts for such items as plumbing, heating,
electrical work, roofing, and normal connecting utilities, and excluding
land and architects' fees. Cost of industrial equipment not an
integral part of the structure is excluded, except for special purpose
equipment in petroleum refineries; outdoor chemical plants; electrical
generating, power, and heating plants; and water and sewage treatment plants.
Floor space figures represent footage under roof, exclusive of basement. Where building permit data are the basis of the statistics,
floor area is estimated from construction costs, with local building
cost differentials applied to nationally established cost-per-square-foot
rates.
N 101-110. Construction bidding volume (Engineering News-Record),
by type, 1913-1970.
Source: Engineering News-Record, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York,
various issues (copyright).
Data are based on daily reports by a field staff in 50 States and
the District of Columbia. For 1963 to 1970, they consist of low bids
for public construction and contract awards for private construction.
Excluded are homebuilding, design-and-construct contracts (under
which the contractor is responsible for design as well as the construction) and projects of investment builders or owner-builders
serving as their own general contractors. They thus exclude a large
proportion of chemical process and powerplant (design-and-construct)
contracts and substantial volumes of commercial and apartment
projects handled by owner-builders. Beginning 1963, data cover
only projects reported by Engineering News-Record as new plans and
which have advanced to the low bid or contract award stage. Al-
CONSTRUCTION
though data prior to 1963, which are contract awards, are not strictly
comparable with later data, the earlier and later figures are adequately
comparable in coverage to describe long-term trends consistently
for the separate series. In the aggregate they represent over 65
percent of the annual volume reported by series N 78-89. The
following types of construction are included: Water supply, sewers
and waste disposal, bridges, streets and roads, earthwork and waterways, public buildings, multiunit residential structures, commercial
building, industrial plants, and an unclassified category. Only
larger projects are included, and the minimum cost of projects covered
by the reports has varied over time. For 1963 to 1970, the minimum
cost of projects covered was: $100,000 for public works other than
buildings, industrial and unclassified; $500,000 for buildings other
than industrial. Because of the emphasis on heavy engineering
works and the difference in geographic coverage, as well as other
reasons, the data are not comparable to series N 78-89.
N 111-117.
General note.
While comprehensive estimates of construction expenditures by
types of construction, such as presented in series N 1-29, are generally
preferred for most purposes, building permit data are available for a
considerably longer period. Permit values are based on estimates
by builders of the costs of building for which permits are granted or
plans filed. Permit data generally cover private, rather than public,
construction; building, rather than nonbuilding, types of construction;
and are generally limited to construction within the corporate limits
of the cities covered. On the average, the cost of the projects covered
is underestimated; small projects are generally not covered at all.
Permit data are less frequently available for smaller cities and for
earlier years. It follows that building permit data in unadjusted
form are unsatisfactory as measures of the total absolute volume of
new construction. Permit data are often more satisfactory when
used in the form of relatives or indexes of permit values, as in the case
of series N 111-114.
Although the absolute amount of construction activity is not adequately indicated by early permit data, the data clearly indicate
the presence and approximate timing of cycles in private building.
However, the relatively few cities upon which permit indexes are
based during the earlier years suggests caution in the drawing of
quantitative conclusions, particularly as to the amplitude of building
cycles. Nonbuilding construction of various types and public building construction have fluctuated somewhat differently from building
permit indexes, so that the data available for the analysis of cycles in
total new construction over an extended period of years are particularly inadequate. The mere comparison of the various series on
building permits purporting to measure roughly the same type of
activity should warn the user against placing too much confidence
in the data.
N 111.
Index of new building permit values (Long), 1868-1939.
Source: Clarence D. Long, Jr., Building Cycles and the Theory of
Investment, Princeton University Press, 1940, pp. 213-223 (copyright).
This index was obtained by averaging the monthly indexes given
in the source. The number of cities covered by the index has ranged
from 1 to 37 (or 33 if all the boroughs of New York City are combined). For a list of cities and years covered, see source. The
aggregate permit volume each year was divided by the aggregate
volume for the same cities in 1930. For additional explanation, see
general note for series N 111-117.
N 112-113.
1933.
Index of new building permit values (Newman), 1875-
Source: William H. Newman, "The Building Industry and Business
Cycles," The Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, vol.
VIII, No. 3, pp. 63-71, copyright, University of Chicago.
N 111-131
These are annual indexes and annual averages of monthly indexes.
Series N 112 is based on Bradstreet's building permit values, 120
identical cities, 1911-1933; Babson's monthly values of building
permits in 20 cities, 1903-1910; Ayres' permits in 50 cities, 1900-1902;
and permit data from 13 cities, 1875-1900. Series N 113 is obtained
from series N 112 by the use of the following building cost indexes:
The American Appraisal Co.'s building construction cost index,
1913-1933; an arithmetic average of the American Appraisal Co.'s
cost indexes for frame, brick, and reinforced concrete buildings,
1900-1913; and an average of the frame- and the brick-building cost
indexes, 1875-1900. For additional explanation, see general note
for series N 111-117.
N 114. Index of new building permit values (Riggleman-Isard),
1830-1933.
Source: Miles L. Colean and Robinson Newcomb, Stabilizing
Construction: The Record and Potential, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York,
1952, appendix N, table 2 (copyright).
This index is based on the per capita value of building permits
as estimated in an unpublished doctoral dissertation by John R.
Riggleman, Variations in Building Activity in United States Cities,
Johns Hopkins University, 1934. The data cover Manhattan,
Boston, and Washington, D.C., from 1830 through 1848. The
coverage then increases gradually to a total of 10 cities in 1868, which
were augmented to cover 70 cities in 1900 and subsequent years
(counting the 5 boroughs of New York City separately). For the
cities covered, see the source, appendix N, table 4, footnote c, p. 240.
By eliminating the population adjustment and weighting the data
on the basis of the relative volume of activity from 1920 to 1929 in
the areas covered, Isard developed a series more comparable to that
of Long (series N 111) in general movement (see Walter Isard, The
Economic Dynamics of Transport Technology, unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Yale University, 1947). The data back to 1830 have
decreasing credibility.
N 115. Index of dollar volume of new construction (Newcomb), 18681914.
Source: See source for series N 114, appendix N, table 3.
This index is based on a 3-year moving average of the figures for
series N 114 for 1868-1878, and on a 3-year moving average of the
figures for series N 111 for 1879-1914, adjusted by (1) weighting
residential building at one-third instead of approximately one-half
used by Long, series N 111, and (2) changing the base to 1920-29 =100.
The purpose of these adjustments by Robinson Newcomb of the
original series is to make their year-to-year movement more closely
comparable to that of construction expenditures which fluctuate less
than building permits, and to reduce the weight of residential construction for early years to that found in the official estimates of
construction expenditures beginning in 1915, series N 1-29. Newcomb notes that the index figures for 1868-1914 are suggestive only,
since the raw data are not sufficient for a reliable index. The source
extends the index to 1951 by using the official estimates of construction expenditures, series N 1-29.
N 116-117.
Index of urban dwelling units (Blank), 1870-1929.
Source: David M. Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction,
1889-1950, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York,
Technical Paper 9, 1954, table 11 (copyright).
This index is based on building permit data covering Manhattan
for 1870-1874 and gradually augmented to cover 67 cities in 1900
and 314 in 1929. For list of cities and years covered, see source,
table 23. This is a chain index computed by first deriving relatives
of the aggregate number of dwelling units authorized and the aggregate permit valuation of such units in identical cities in the sample
between pairs of successive years. The data are unadjusted for
615
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
N 118-137
lapses of building permits (with certain exceptions for New York
City) and for understatement of valuations in building permits. The
valuations are not converted to a work-put-in-place basis to reflect
construction expenditures.
N 118-137.
Construction cost indexes, 1913-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1915-1968, unpublished data.
The indexes for series N 132, 1915-1968, series N 133-134, 19461968, series N 135, 1962-1968, and series N 136, 1967 and 1968, were
provided on a 1967 base by the source agencies; all other indexes,
except series N 137, represent conversions of those given on a 1957-59
base in U.S. Business and Defense Services Administration, Construction Statistics, 1915-1964, pp. 58 and 59, and in Bureau of the Census,
Construction Reports, series C 30, various issues. 1969 and 1970,
Construction Reports, series C 30-74-7, p. 8. Series N 137, see source
for series N 114, appendix Q.
Construction cost indexes are useful in the conversion of construction expenditure data from current prices to constant prices and in
the study of cost trends. However, no single cost index is satisfactory
for all types of construction since the movements of cost differ for
different types of construction. Series N 118, however, is a composite
index weighted by the relative importance of the major classes of
construction.
Construction cost indexes generally are not fully adequate for the
making of cost comparisons over an extended period of time.
Changes in the productivity and the proportions used of the various
productive factors cannot be allowed for easily in the assignment
of weights to labor, materials, and other cost items. An aggregative
index proportional to the total construction cost of a standardized
project, or a component part thereof, is not easily computed for most
types of construction and suffers from the disadvantage of the probable eventual obsoleteness of any adequately specified standard
project. For further discussion, see chapter IV of source cited above
for series N 137; Lowell J. Chawner, "Construction Cost Indexes
as Influenced by Technological Changes and Other Factors," Journal
of the American Statistical Association, 1935, vol. 30, pp. 561-576; and
Leo Grebler, David M. Blank, and Louis Winnick, Capital Formation
in Residential Real Estate, Princeton University Press, 1956, appendix
C.
N 118, Department of Commerce composite cost index. This
index is a combination of various indexes weighted by the relative
importance of the major classes of construction. It is an implicit
index computed by dividing the total estimate of new construction
activity in current prices by the total expressed in 1967 prices. Since
the total in 1967 prices is obtained by adding the estimates for the
separately deflated classes of construction, the composite cost index
is the equivalent of a variably weighted index, reflecting changes not
only in the component indexes, but also in the relative importance
of the major classes of construction which are used as weights. For
1945-1970, the index is an average of the 12 monthly indexes.
N 119, American Appraisal Company index. This index is compiled on the basis of a detailed bill of quantities of material and labor
required for four representative types of buildings—frame, brick,
concrete, and steel—with allowances for contractor's overhead and
profit, in various cities throughout the United States. Workmen's
compensation and liability insurance, unemployment insurance, and
old-age pension factors are included. The index covers the structural
portion of the buildings, but does not include the fixtures such as
plumbing, heating, lighting, sprinkler systems, and elevators. The
material and labor costs are recomputed monthly in accordance with
average prices and wages supplemented by personal investigation of
appraisers and information from clients and others as to actual costs.
These computations automatically result in weighted averages for
the individual buildings. Arithmetic averages are computed for
the individual buildings and cities to obtain the city and national
averages. The latter covers 24 cities prior to 1925 and 30 cities since
that time. The index reflects changes in average price levels but does
not reflect costs resulting from overtime wages and bonuses during
616
boom periods or sacrifice prices and omissions of overhead costs and
profits during depression periods.
N 120, Associated General Contractors index. This index is a
combination of indexes of wages and materials weighted in the proportion of 40 percent for wages and 60 percent for materials. Wages
used in computing this index are for hod carriers and common laborers, and the material prices are those for sand, gravel, crushed stone,
Portland cement, common brick, lumber (each with a weight of one),
hollow tile (weighted H ) , and structural and reinforcing steel (each
with a weight of
Wages and prices are reported by the 12 district offices of the Association as of the 15th of each month.
N 121-123, E. H. Boeckh and Associates indexes. These indexes
are based on separate computations for 10 types of buildings in 20
cities (comparable indexes are available from the compilers for a
total of more than 40 cities). The basic list of items covered includes
current local prices for common brick, common lumber, Portland
cement, structural steel, common labor, brickmasons, carpenters,
structural ironworkers, plasterers, and miscellaneous which includes
many specialized items such as heating and plumbing equipment,
paint, glass, and hardware. Wage rates are adjusted to reflect
efficiency of local labor. State and local sales taxes and Social Security payroll taxes are included. The weights assigned to the different
items vary among the 10 types of buildings. An unweighted arithmetic average of the individual indexes for the 20 cities for each of
the 10 types of buildings has been computed and these have been
further consolidated into the 3 series shown here. The residential
index is an unweighted average of the indexes for frame residences
and for brick residences; the apartment, hotel, and office building
index is an unweighted average of the indexes for brick and wood, brick
and concrete, and brick and steel apartment, hotel, and office buildings; the commercial and factory buildings index is an unweighted
average of the indexes for wood, steel, brick and wood, brick and
steel, and brick and concrete commercial and factory buildings.
N 124-125, Engineering News-Record indexes. The index of
construction costs is comprised of (1) steel, which until 1938 was
the base price of structural steel shapes at Pittsburgh and, beginning
in 1938, is a weighted average of steel prices at Pittsburgh, Gary, and
Birmingham; (2) cement, which until 1948 was the consumers' net
price, f.o.b. Chicago, and, beginning in 1948, is the ENR 20-city average of bulk cement prices; (3) lumber, which until 1936 was 12 x 12
long leaf yellow pine, wholesale, at New York, and beginning in 1936
is a composite 20-city price average of 2 x 4 Douglas fir and southern
or local pine in carload lots; and (4) common labor rate paid in the
steel industry for 1913-1920 and since 1920 the average common
labor rate in construction (ENR 20-city average of wage rates in
force). The 4 components are weighted according to their relative
importance in the national economy in 1910, 1913, 1916, and 1919.
The index of building costs is identical to the index of construction
costs for all components except wage rates, where the trend of skilled
labor wage rates is substituted for common labor wage rates. For
a detailed description of these two indexes, see U.S. Office of Business
Economics, Business Statistics, 1971 edition, p. 53.
N 126-127, Economic Research Service farm construction cost
indexes for farm housing and other farm construction. This is a
weighted index of farm wage rates and prices paid for materials. In
compiling the index of farm housing construction costs, prices paid
by farmers for building materials are given a weight of 73 percent,
farm wage rates a weight of 27 percent. For other farm building
construction, the corresponding weights are 78 and 22 percent. The
wages paid by farmers for labor for building construction and repairs
are higher than the wages paid for ordinary agricultural labor, but
they probably fluctuate more comparably to farm labor wage rates
than to urban union wage rates.
N 128, George A. Fuller Company index. This is a composite
index of 36 major cost elements, in 3 commercial type buildings,
including structural elements, elevators, wiring, heating, plumbing,
ventilating, and employee benefit costs. The index is adjusted for
CONSTRUCTION
changes in productivity from job-cost reports showing the number
of man-hours of skilled and unskilled labor required. The indexes
are simple averages of the quarterly indexes from the job-cost reports
made by the compiler.
N 129-131, Handy-Whitman public utility construction cost indexes (compiled by Whitman, Requardt and Associates, Baltimore).
These indexes measure changes in construction costs of utility buildings, gas plants, and electric plants. Cost trends of reinforced
concrete utility building construction and brick utility building
construction are reported semiannually by geographic regions. A
single index is computed by averaging the figures for the first, middle,
and end of each year for each region and then combining the regions
for a United States average. Cost trends of gas plant construction
and of steam-operated electric plant construction are also reported
semiannually by geographic regions. A single index for each is
computed in the same manner as for utility buildings.
N 132, Interstate Commerce Commission railroad construction
cost index. The index is the weighted average for the entire United
States of 31 separate indexes for individual operations important in
railroad construction. Separate indexes covering items such as
grading, tunnel excavation, bridges, ballast haul, and tracklaying
and surfacing, were developed largely from analysis of major construction contracts covering a period of more than 30 years. The
indexes for materials accounts—such as ties, rails, other track material, ballast, and fences—were based on studies of carriers' returns,
joint studies made with the various railroad committees, well-known
engineering and trade publications, contracts covering major construction projects over a period of 30 years, and other information
furnished by individual carriers.
N 133-134, Bell System Telephone plant indexes. The American
Telephone and Telegraph Company compiles separate annual cost
indexes for construction of telephone company "buildings" and
"outside plant," e.g. poles, cable, aerial wire, and underground conduits. These indexes represent changes in the total installed cost of
telephone buildings or plant. The "outside plant" index reflects
the effect of price changes in the cost of telephone apparatus and the
cost of associated installation and engineering.
N 135, Federal Highway Administration index. This index is
based upon a record of quarterly variations in contract unit bid
prices maintained by the Federal Highway Administration and its
predecessor, Public Roads Administration, since 1922. Cost indexes
are based on average annual construction on State and Federal aid
highway systems during 1925-1929. Average costs for these years
are taken as 100 percent. For this period, the total quantity and
contract cost of each of the principal cost-controlling contract items
were summarized and divided by the total mileage of construction.
This operation provided average quantities of each type of work
involved per average gross or composite mile of construction. Since
unit prices and construction volumes vary not only from State to
State but also from year to year, the percentage of each item contributed during this 5-year period by each State was adopted as the
contributing State base. The index thus indicates the relative costs
at which the average quantities placed per mile in 1925-1929, with
the same State distribution, could be replaced at current contract
bid prices. Figures for 1915-1922 were extrapolated by the Department of Commerce by means of a weighted average of the Interstate
Commerce Commission indexes for grading; tunnel and subway
excavation; bridges, culverts, and trestles; and ballast. This index
is a composite derived from average unit bid prices for fixed amounts
of the following items put in place: Common excavation, surfacing,
N 111-131
and structures. The base quantities involved in measuring this index
are: 3,641,885,000 cubic yards of roadway excavation; 154,953,000
square yards of portland cement concrete surfacing with average
thickness of 9.1 inches; 111,516,000 tons of bituminous concrete
surfacing; 2,206,879,000 pounds of reinforcing steel for structures;
2,581,462,000 pounds of structural steel; and 14,583,000 cubic yards
of structural concrete.
N 136, Turner Construction Company index. This index is based
on the building cost experience of the Turner Construction Company
in eastern cities applied to these factors: Labor rates, material prices,
productivity of labor, efficiency of plant and management, and competitive conditions. The series also reflects the payment of sales
taxes and employee benefit costs.
N 137, average of contractor indexes of construction cost. This
is an average of 4 contractor indexes shown separately in the source.
In contrast to the common indexes of construction costs, which
usually represent a combination of wages and materials prices according to a fixed relationship and may not take adequate account
of changes in efficiency, the contractor indexes are based on estimates
of the actual cost for erecting comparable structures. The comparison of these indexes with the common indexes may suggest changes in
cost that result from changes in efficiency. For a fuller discussion,
see the source, pp. 69-74, and Grebler-Blank-Winnick, appendix C.
N 138.
Building cost index (Riggleman), 1868-1933.
Source: See source for series N 114, appendix N, table 4.
The index is from an unpublished doctoral dissertation by John
R. Riggleman, Variations in Building Activity in United States Cities,
Johns Hopkins University, 1934, appendix I. The index was constructed on the basis of several sources, including the American
Appraisal Company's cost of industrial buildings in eastern cities
to 1903 and the Engineering News-Record construction cost index
for 1904-1933. The figures for earlier years are less reliable than
those for later years, and should be used with caution. The source
also presents the index back to 1830.
N 139.
Residential construction cost index (Blank), 1889-1933.
Source: David M. Blank, The Volume of Residential Construction,
1889-1950, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York,
Technical Paper 9, 1954, table 21 (copyright).
For 1889-1914, the index is based on weighted averages of building trade wages and building materials prices, more fully described
in the source. For 1915-1933, the index is the Boeckh residential
construction cost index shown as series N 121, converted to the 1929
base. The figures for earlier years are less reliable than those for
later years and should be used with caution.
N 140-155. Indexes of wholesale prices for construction materials,
1926-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1973, pp. 315-318, and Wholesale Prices and Price Indexes,
monthly and annual issues.
Data cover materials incorporated as integral part of a building
or normally installed during construction and not readily removable.
Excluded are consumer durables, such as kitchen ranges, refrigerators,
etc.
For compilation and description of wholesale indexes, see series
E 23-122.
617
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
N 118-137
Series N 1-29.
Value of New Private and Public Construction Put in Place: 1915 to 1970
[In millions of dollars]
Private
Total
new
construction
Residential buildings (including farm)
Total 1
Total2
New
housing
units 2
Additions
and
alterations !
Nonhousekeeping
Nonresidential buildings (excluding farm)'
Total2
Industrial C o m m e r cial 2
Other
Public utilities
Farm
nonresidential 2
10
Total2'
Railroad 2 s
12
94,855
93,917
87,093
78,082
76,414
66,759
65,953
59,488
52,546
52,407
31,864
33,200
30,565
25,568
25,715
24.272
25,941
24,030
18,985
19,352
6,234
5,882
5,297
5,317
4,941
1,358
1,377
1,238
1,266
1,422
21,417
21,155
18,164
17,589
18,279
6,538
6,783
6,021
(NA)
(NA)
9,754
9,401
7,761
(NA)
(NA)
5,125
4,971
4,382
(NA)
(NA)
1,512
1,322
1,217
1,332
1,126
11,020
9,535
8,969
7,603
6,803
306
453
413
327
378
73,747
67,675
64,812
60,205
56,445
51,685
47,292
45,455
42,336
39,297
27,934
28,010
27,874
25,150
23,107
21,712
21,786
21,735
19,443
17,074
4,736
(NA)
4,798
4,484
4,973
1,486
1,457
1,341
1,223
1,060
16,509
12,955
11,646
11,617
10,734
(NA)
3,565
2,906
2,842
2,780
(NA)
5.396
4,995
5.144
4,674
(NA)
3,994
3,745
3,631
3,280
1,038
958
958
962
871
5,788
5,031
4,667
4,330
4,335
310
267
253
201
213
54,738
55,392
50,047
49,139
47,601
38,875
39,322
34,590
35,080
34,869
22,975
•24,251
• 19,789
19,543
20,707
17,279
«19,233
• 15,445
15.273
16,672
4,831
4,253
3,711
3,769
3,588
865
765
633
501
447
10,149
8,859
8,675
9,556
8,818
2,851
2,106
2,382
3,557
3,084
4,180
3,930
3,589
3,564
3,631
3,118
2,823
2,704
2,435
2,103
849
'1,484
i 1,249
874
863
4,621
4,521
4,688
4,908
4,361
270
218
272
397
421
46,519
41,380
39,136
36,828
35,435
34,804
29,668
27,894
26,049
26,180
22,409
18,759
17,213
16,468
16,546
18,774
15,503
14,030
13,516
13,872
3,296
2,960
2,916
2,767
2,484
296
267
185
190
7,611
6,250
5,680
5,014
5,279
2,399
2,030
2,229
2,320
2,117
3,218
2,212
1,791
1,137
1,498
1,994
2,008
1,660
1,557
1,664
853
853
908
949
934
3,770
3,685
3,973
3,533
3,357
341
366
405
449
372
33,575
26,722
26,078
20,041
14,308
12,737
26,709
20,453
21.374
16,722
12,077
10.375
18,768
13,111
13,830
10,404
6,656
4,752
16,193
10,726
11,208
8,319
5,204
3,300
2,400
2,200
2,467
1,960
1,307
1,307
175
185
155
125
145
145
3,904
3,383
3,765
3,243
3,362
3,341
1,062
972
1,397
1,702
1,689
1,689
1,415
1,182
1.397
957
1,153
1,132
1,427
1,229
971
584
520
520
880
887
938
880
752
447
3,045
2,994
2,776
2,126
1,255
1,374
309
354
398
340
265
293
5,809
5,259
8,301
14,075
11,957
3,411
2,186
1,979
3,415
6,206
1,376
923
1,006
1,850
3,692
820
678
831
1,575
3,222
516
220
160
225
375
40
25
15
50
95
1,020
351
233
635
1,482
642
208
156
346
801
203
56
33
155
409
175
87
44
134
272
167
175
163
125
128
827
725
570
786
872
282
262
225
209
217
8,682
8,198
6,980
6,999
6,497
5,054
4,389
3,560
3,903
2,981
3,130
2,786
2,069
1,975
1,641
2,705
2,376
1.699
1,575
1,286
335
320
295
320
295
90
90
75
80
60
1,025
786
764
1,085
713
442
254
232
492
266
348
292
285
387
290
235
240
247
206
157
95
106
92
107
85
771
683
605
705
518
217
191
160
238
194
4,232
3,720
2,879
3,538
6,427
1,999
1,509
1,231
1,676
3,768
1,071
661
499
654
1,624
771
416
319
509
1,379
250
200
145
105
175
50
45
35
40
70
472
456
406
502
1,099
158
191
176
74
221
211
173
130
223
454
103
92
100
205
424
65
30
20
13
38
363
326
261
467
946
156
158
115
168
361
8,741
10,793
11,641
12,034
12,082
5,883
8,307
9,156
9,625
9,938
2,182
3,772
4,926
5,320
5,737
1,677
3,187
4,355
4.700
5,057
305
340
315
290
270
200
245
260
330
410
2,003
2,694
2,573
2,534
2,513
532
949
802
696
727
893
1,135
1,121
1.145
1,107
578
610
650
693
679
86
160
175
195
160
1,527
1,578
1,372
1,450
1,415
606
592
523
539
542
11,439
10,407
9,332
7,647
6,004
9,301
8,506
7,710
5,963
4,440
5,656
5,193
4,542
3,479
2,203
5,051
4,708
4,102
3,074
1,893
250
230
210
200
185
355
255
230
205
125
2,060
1,675
1,697
1,457
1,434
513
460
549
467
574
940
740
716
613
570
607
475
432
377
170
165
175
150
125
1,302
1,356
1,191
787
604
445
421
435
261
243
6,749
6,296
5,118
4,569
3,849
3,262
5,397
4,320
2,880
3,290
3,141
2,543
2,281
2,123
1,118
1,389
1,529
1,329
1,976
1,918
963
1,199
1,324
1,149
175
130
110
125
145
140
130
75
45
65
60
40
1,964
1,082
731
800
716
478
1,099
625
240
300
380
275
250
170
120
771
673
697
788
658
549
266
329
472
515
390
353
See footnotes at e n d of table.
618
621
449
364
262
197
CONSTRUCTION
Series N 1-29.
N 111-131
Value of New Private and Public Construction Put in Place: 1915 to 1970—Con.
[In millions of dollars]
Public
Private—Con.
Nonresidential buildings
Public utilities—Con.
Electric
light and
power 2 1 0
Gas 2
All
other
Telephone private 1
and
telegraph
Total 1
19
17
Residential
Total
Industrial
Educational
Other
20
HighSewer
Military
ways,
and
roads,
and
facilities
water
streets
systems
25
Conservation
and
development
26
5,808
4,764
4,452
3,777
3,060
1,653
1,884
2,043
1,549
1,614
2,968
2,203
1,704
1,638
1,609
946
741
573
454
484
28,096
27,964
27,605
25,536
24,007
1,107
1,047
746
709
655
9,550
10,183
9,693
9,272
8,265
499
518
519
408
369
5,619
5,868
6,061
5,988
5,333
3,432
3,797
3,113
2,876
2,563
718
879
808
695
727
9,981
9,250
9,321
8,591
8,405
2,638
2,680
3,065
2,328
2,366
1,908
1,783
1,973
2,124
2,194
2,589
2,211
2,066
1,899
1,886
1,304
1,073
948
1,031
1,147
463
,314
,128
996
980
416
338
310
277
250
22,062
20,383
19,357
17,869
17,148
603
567
531
938
842
7.290
6,610
6,003
5,154
5,169
368
403
440
422
472
4,284
3,790
3,477
2,984
3,052
2,638
2,417
2,086
1,748
1,645
830
910
,179
,266
,371
7,550
7.133
7,084
6,365
5,854
2,461
2,281
1,829
1,754
1,581
2,019
1,750
1,694
1,523
1,384
2,026
2,007
2,291
2,168
1,720
1,105
1,214
1,065
1,116
1,031
1,088
951
904
1,068
1,066
281
207
189
199
120
15,863
16,070
15,457
14,059
12,732
716
962
846
506
292
4,795
4,514
4,653
4,507
4,076
407
368
408
473
453
2,818
2,656
2,875
2,825
2,556
1,570
1,490
1,370
1,209
1,067
1,366
1,465
1,402
1,287
1,360
5,437
5,761
5,545
4,934
4,415
1,487
1,467
1,387
1,344
1,275
1,175
1,121
1,019
971
826
1,572
1,717
1,805
1,537
1,315
922
723
818
710
1,010
805
655
615
570
487
161
121
120
85
64
11,715
11,712
11,242
10,779
9,255
266
336
556
654
595
4,196
4,609
4,350
4,158
3,496
721
1,506
1,771
1,684
974
2,442
2,134
1,714
1,619
1,513
1,033
969
865
855
1,009
1,287
003
,290
,387
887
3,852
3,714
3,021
2,677
2,355
1,085
982
883
790
775
701
773
892
900
912
1,240
1,313
1,016
761
425
443
859
637
499
394
197
270
440
533
713
510
305
305
112
78
65
69
52
52
6,866
6,269
4,704
3,319
2,231
2,362
345
359
156
200
374
374
2,387
2,049
1.291
591
354
354
224
177
196
96
113
113
1,133
934
618
287
101
101
1,030
938
477
208
140
140
177
137
158
204
188
188
2.134
2,015
1,661
1,344
764
895
659
619
535
351
194
194
942
852
670
424
260
260
245
163
144
255
305
141
146
63
87
111
117
83
61
155
179
21
12
7
19
32
2,398
3,073
6,322
10,660
5,751
80
211
739
545
430
937
1,361
2,010
3,685
1,646
755
1,230
1,870
3,437
1,280
59
41
63
128
158
123
90
77
120
208
690
837
2,550
5,016
1,620
398
362
446
734
1,066
97
79
107
169
252
130
163
285
357
500
311
303
267
218
139
91
61
65
80
77
122
93
92
102
67
33
28
30
31
24
3,628
3,809
3,420
3,096
3,516
200
65
35
93
61
615
970
672
550
701
164
23
12
2
4
156
468
311
253
366
295
479
349
295
331
385
125
62
37
29
1,302
1,381
1,421
1,226
1,362
338
371
355
311
342
528
570
551
605
87
66
59
109
225
48
43
35
66
117
52
47
45
87
166
28
36
45
40
61
2,233
328
363
230
415
612
2
11
2
153
148
52
130
285
173
204
176
285
327
37
47
36
34
40
845
1,000
847
958
1,355
175
173
95
156
270
700
518
359
150
156
377
350
338
362
362
181
185
212
257
248
333
354
246
212
227
85
103
110
126
113
2,858
2,486
2,485
2,409
2,144
660
659
638
596
(')
(»)
(')
(")
(')
364
389
378
367
399
296
270
260
229
204
29
19
15
12
11
1,516
1,266
1,289
1,222
1,067
343
253
300
312
285
137
115
72
63
61
421
463
412
229
163
171
206
133
139
66
210
196
158
117
102
113
117
105
90
74
2,138
1,901
1,622
1,684
1,564
573
494
481
481
387
400
353
346
342
274
173
141
135
139
113
9
16
25
49
1,082
987
805
876
853
278
263
203
201
178
73
79
65
48
52
262
156
102
123
117
92
78
56
26
45
70
41
124
76
73
85
61
43
81
62
59
63
68
67
1,352
1,976
2,238
1,279
708
719
(»)
0)
0)
(')
w
«
161
1,089
1,555
608
21
17
656
429
296
320
314
302
153
124
94
91
95
106
55
39
29
27
28
2,211
1,648
1,862
2,659
14
28
283
246
199
192
207
217
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii, except that the
nonfarm component of series N 4 should be interpreted as including estimates for
Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1946.
NA Not available.
1 Public industrial and commercial building not segregable from private construction,
1915-1932; amount believed negligible.
2 Beginning 1946, figures not entirely comparable with those for earlier years.
8 Prior to I960, excludes farm housing.
4 Excludes building by privately owned public utilities.
Beginning 1968, figures
not comparable with earlier years because of revision in survey.
5 Prior to 1959, includes local transit; thereafter, local transit included in "All other
private."
0)
(')
(')
(')
(')
(')
(')
190
Excludes farm.
Includes farm housing units.
Comparable with later years.
Comparable with earlier years. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S.
Department of Labor, Construction Volume and Costs, 1915-1956, a statistical supplement to Construction Review, pp. 2-9.
10 Includes construction with Rural Electrification Administration funds.
11 Includes sewer and water systems, roads, bridges, and miscellaneous nonstructural
items such as parks and playgrounds. Beginning 1959, includes local transit.
12 Includes publicly owned parks and playgrounds, memorials, etc.
6
7
8
9
619
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION A N D HOUSING
Series N 30-60.
Value of New Private and Public Construction Put in Place, 1957-59 Dollars: 1915 to 1970
[In millions of dollars. Beginning 1960. figures for these series are essentially comparable with figures for series N 1-29, except series N 33 with N 4, new private residential units;
series N 36-39 with N 7-10, new private nonresidential buildings; series N 40 with N 11, new farm nonresidential; and series N 41-46 with N 12-17, new privately-owned
public utilities. See text for series N 1-29 and general note for series N 1-60]
Private construction
Total
new
construction
Residential buildings (including farm)
Total'
Total
New
housing
units
Nonresidential buildings (excluding farm) 3
Additions
and alterations 2
Nonhousekeeping
Total
Industrial
34
35
36
37
60.170
64,169
64,432
61,144
62,941
62,896
59,172
58,102
55,948
53,087
42,317
44,911
43,775
40,967
43,208
43,780
40,861
40,309
39,056
36,428
2 20 509
2 22 364
22 369
! 19 413
2 20 561
23 496
23 942
24 542
23 286
21 194
2 15,345
217,311
217,399
214,623
2 15,412
217,882
218,223
218,756
217,508
215,474
4,167
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
3,893
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
52.171
54,222
50,270
49,878
50.034
51,717
47,164
44,747
42,882
42,596
36,518
38,218
34,868
35,753
36,651
38,394
33,721
31,818
30,334
31,387
21 304
2 23 641
219 930
19 862
21 437
24 222
20 883
19 023
18 508
19 084
215,747
218,751
215,552
15,522
17,264
20,295
17,258
15,506
15,189
15,996
(NA)
4,144
3,739
3,830
3,712
3,562
3,295
3,223
3,110
2,868
43,576
36,605
34,681
29,573
25,668
12,251
11,525
17,866
31,777
30,144
34,309
27,779
28,385
24,682
21,787
7,181
4,803
4,474
8,234
16,049
232
234
602
762
447
608
1 878
2 223
4 343
112
20,042
14,093
14,255
11,784
8,928
1,551
1,375
1,837
3,687
7,958
23,217
22,379
18,775
19,051
18,938
12,780
10,815
9,232
12,350
19,559
14,105
12,600
10,361
11,504
9,771
6,764
5,089
4,570
6,111
11,998
366
676
800
690
268
555
145
763
309
856
24,511
29,213
32,113
33,238
33,113
31,323
28,022
25,011
22,524
16,167
17,200
23,157
26,127
27,528
28,038
26,366
23,796
21,415
18,420
12,745
14,753
12,333
Commercial
43
1970.
19691968.
1967.
19661965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
114
156
256
193
See footnotes at end of table.
620
44
2,408
2,117
2,022
1,884
Total
21,076
21,036
! 1,219
21,307
21,305
21,236
21,150
21,014
3,895
4,590
4,427
5,131
5,749
4,541
3,263
2,728
2,732
2,712
6,332
6,692
5,981
5,312
5,416
5,491
4,520
4,291
4,555
4,275
3,522
3,592
3,429
3,754
3,966
3,927
3,402
3,273
3,271
3,017
702
737
750
776
779
6.024
5,294
4,719
4,459
4,190
4,226
828
746
639
510
461
365
330
294
209
220
9,690
8,614
8,679
9,774
9,501
8,668
7,287
6,694
6,071
6,641
2,803
2,080
2,392
3,582
3,316
2,807
2,400
2,587
2,736
2,568
3,943
3,799
3,581
3,684
3,923
3,623
2,569
2,142
1,415
1,936
2,944
2,735
2,703
2,508
2,262
2,238
2,318
1,965
1,920
2,137
790
51,359
5 1,384
891
908
938
960
1,006
1,067
1,070
4,474
4,407
4.686
5,020
4,673
4,384
4,449
4,948
4,577
4,505
2,975
2,898
3,149
2,797
2,269
982
452
354
531
921
215
243
198
181
250
75
51
32
125
233
5,321
4,718
5,210
4,994
6,498
2,353
861
563
1,628
4,228
1,447
1,363
1,917
2,595
3,050
1,426
491
351
829
2,160
1,930
1,640
1,941
1,474
2,348
489
143
92
418
1,214
1,944
1,715
1,352
925
1,100
438
227
120
381
854
1,124
1,151
1,202
1,221
1,271
309
342
351
302
350
4,470
4,556
4,267
3,584
2,465
1,868
1.687
1,314
1,911
2,274
7,236
6,549
4,767
4,539
4.128
2,558
1,350
1,128
1,798
4,124
890
879
824
921
947
831
649
512
370
523
240
248
209
230
193
166
146
123
141
209
3,200
2,567
2,477
3,443
2,609
1,809
1,738
1,725
2,078
4,001
1,310
806
714
1,481
910
564
691
728
314
880
1,106
944
914
1,251
1,069
810
657
543
861
1,495
784
817
849
711
630
435
390
454
903
1,626
289
324
278
318
266
206
95
71
46
119
2,149
1,946
1,719
1,963
1,552
1,102
993
847
1,631
2,826
999
096
752
908
856
793
360
386
611
208
4,609
8,528
12,142
13,166
13,973
14,101
13,016
11,185
9,372
5,336
911
882
815
748
699
638
574
612
520
551
657
728
927
1,135
993
706
627
627
352
6,437
8,144
7.812
7,712
7,569
6,246
5,004
5,040
4.813
4,441
1,865
2,970
2,440
2,118
2,156
1,523
1,370
1,618
1,543
1,812
2,600
3,256
3,327
3,415
3,277
2,814
2,172
2,106
1,984
1,713
1,972
1,918
2,045
2,179
2,136
1,909
1,462
1,316
1,286
916
233
417
459
505
413
435
430
459
409
346
4,273
4,194
3,774
4.025
3,860
3,552
3,659
3,222
2,284
1,525
101
002
655
469
108
613
4,413
5,405
3.129
4,703
6,140
5,710
395
379
373
505
685
702
218
153
261
283
201
4,657
2,536
1,831
1,563
1,431
1,263
1,107
1,540
581
609
852
716
780
630
510
1,770
1.688
1,780
2,364
2,508
2,357
23
17
17
14
11
2
Public utilities—Con.
Petroleum Electric
pipeline light and
power
Other
Public utilities
13,749
14,874
13,837
14,197
15,131
13,959
11,185
10,292
10,558
10,004
2
2 997
21,068
2
Private construction—Con.
Year
Farm,
nonresidential
Gas
Telephone
and
telegraph
Public construction
All
other
private
45
1,117
943
853
947
Nonresidential buildings
Total
48
2,038
1,579
1,367
1,341
1,425
1,353
1,241
1,085
973
539
464
393
331
371
329
278
265
246
17,853
19,258
20,657
20,177
19,733
19,116
18,311
17,793
16,892
Residential
49
776
768
581
581
560
527
507
486
882
Total
Industrial
50
51
5,744
6,640
6,881
7,007
6,542
6,054
5,648
5,267
4,670
325
369
410
340
317
324
367
413
408
Educational
3,351
3,799
4,272
4,504
4,199
3,554
3,224
3,035
2,688
Hospital
and institutional
Other
53
54
504
522
489
477
405
434
398
370
357
1,564
1,950
1,710
1,686
1,621
1,742
1,659
1,449
1,217
Highways,
Military roads, and
streets
facilities
55
501
663
623
573
636
733
835
1,084
1,182
56
6,736
6,886
7,565
7,269
7,365
7,108
7,003
6,998
6,447
CONSTRUCTION
Series N 30-60.
N 111-131
Value of New Private and Public Construction Put in Place, 1957-59 Dollars: 1915 to 1970—Con.
[In millions of dollars]
Public construction
Private construction—Con.
Public utilities—Con.
Year
Petroleum Electric
pipeline light and
power
Telephone
and
telegraph
Gas
All
other
private
142
147
111
87
6,152
5,758
5,993
5,489
4,753
4,443
4,396
4,109
3,209
2,681
2,430
574
683
926
694
506
243
187
134
362
451
162
120
104
121
106
43
35
23
50
85
9,267
8,826
6,296
4,891
3,881
5,070
6,722
13,392
23,543
14,095
430
474
199
300
634
154
436
1,647
1,260
1,056
3,252
2,861
1,787
923
717
2,190
3,249
4,580
8,749
4,488
304
249
267
145
209
1,730
2,904
4,195
8,048
3,406
1,543
1,302
859
449
213
147
109
171
366
464
682
638
294
121
182
215
155
121
102
134
723
672
367
208
113
98
81
93
233
484
234
182
207
293
329
1,434
1,758
5,144
10,796
4,144
2,722
2,684
1,831
1,652
1,067
611
535
599
1,081
2,019
275
188
197
243
256
166
150
137
258
420
328
260
257
271
184
146
136
136
260
433
101
87
87
90
76
92
118
164
147
196
9,112
9,779
8,414
7,547
9,167
6,016
5,726
4,662
6,239
7,561
529
174
98
268
196
29
3
1,913
3,220
2,228
1,843
2,743
1,342
1,451
1,028
1,827
2,346
481
76
37
6
14
7
40
9
(')
0)
484
1,555
1,037
853
1,441
628
584
228
572
1,093
182
434
323
246
289
155
208
218
366
421
766
1,155
831
738
999
552
619
573
889
832
1,055
354
177
104
88
115
145
122
123
124
2,797
2,877
2,893
2,396
2,497
1,681
1,899
1,819
2,623
2,951
1,255
1,105
1,119
1.220
1,191
1,365
1,497
1,358
757
520
620
631
735
860
810
550
639
443
508
200
799
771
537
468
521
464
394
303
260
192
258
306
330
378
340
340
343
308
303
225
7,311
6,056
5,986
5,710
5,075
4,957
4,226
3,596
4,104
3,422
2,250
2,072
2,007
1,874
1,896
1,801
1,522
1,464
1,641
1,223
0)
(!)
1,241
1,223
1,189
1,154
1,255
1,258
1,087
1,053
1,167
866
402
318
340
251
214
192
185
167
205
126
607
531
478
469
427
351
250
244
269
231
81
50
39
30
27
20
22
38
66
122
2,958
2,296
2,260
2,004
1,725
1,681
1,459
1,141
1,384
1,228
752
503
339
468
554
537
215
167
84
167
355
253
232
166
166
208
176
150
196
190
198
232
336
417
2,420
459
80
146
321
2,755
4,515
2,027
81
73
783
665
507
663
749
763
1,879
2,122
1,717
1,413
925
618
416
368
657
812
,308
,015
832
740
439
366
388
169
234
316
1940.
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
1935.
1934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
103
62
196
129
64
39
24
130
253
873
861
766
620
434
277
213
208
398
769
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
93
289
160
238
106
160
199
157
129
90
1920.
1919.
1918.
1917.
1916.
1915.
103
153
73
69
86
101
1,380
1,403
1,385
1,399
1,387
1,238
1,164
1,095
1,030
1,089
1,073
1,017
1,007
896
799
917
1,109
1,175
Public
service
enterprises
All
other
public
1,459
1,472
1,493
1,427
1,147
1,133
1,011
948
817
908
538
451
403
416
277
230
209
222
182
«
(•)
(')
0)
(')
0)
(!)
(!)
685
40
95
(')
(1)
0)
(!)
(')
(!)
Public construction—Con.
Public construction—Con.
1960.
1959*
1958.
1957.
1956.
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952-
53
1,320
1,336
1,449
1,398
1,297
1,442
1,467
1,158
1,483
1,612
1,060
290
242
239
214
129
99
171
191
204
155
1,676
1,605
1,429
1,445
1,345
1,255
52
1,174
1,105
1,027
976
880
823
823
735
585
442
620
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941.
1,611
51
342
380
418
390
365
323
338
385
438
612
678
225
260
197
189
206
132
1,102
1,134
1,406
56
50
2,813
2,664
2,579
2,879
2,908
2,748
2,742
2,466
2,029
1,997
1,943
961
1,059
933
913
1,080
1,084
865
736
695
660
580
1,535
1,695
2,108
1,709
1,807
1,956
1,878
1,565
1,549
1,431
55
Other
461
402
363
411
478
487
848
1,780
2,055
1,983
1,180
1,071
1,047
1,171
1,060
1,154
1,137
1,110
909
1,081
981
1,429
1970.
1969..
1968.
1967..
1966..
1965.
19641963.
1962.
1961.
54
Total
Hospital
and institutional
4,790
4,551
4,387
4,656
4,631
4,381
4,751
5,366
5,107
5,034
4,421
1,876
1,980
1,963
2,286
2.219
1,870
1,866
2,101
2,276
2,037
1,788
Conservation
and
development
Highways,
roads, and
streets
Educational
803
686
941
852
515
304
288
374
614
737
687
107
127
125
156
162
134
153
275
417
351
235
Sewer
and
water
systems
49
Military
facilities
Industrial
16,659
15,653
16,004
15,402
14,125
13,383
13,323
13,443
12,929
12,548
11,209
1961.
1960.
1959*
1958.
1957.
1956.
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
853
220
154
120
114
107
125
103
57
Conservation
and
development
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
1,054
947
945
838
613
397
225
190
264
400
609
1,238
1,351
1,298
1,048
737
529
299
390
702
913
1,230
250
241
298
278
262
182
138
124
124
188
320
69
90
84
108
111
26
19
40
332
156
229
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
1935
1934
1933
855
946
879
798
943
540
511
330
1,336
1,441
1,397
1,513
1,794
1,932
1,422
1,101
337
353
349
330
465
213
165
225
290
414
393
295
441
164
130
37
2
3
4
5
Public
service
enterprises
Public construction—Con.
Sewer
and
water
systems
Year
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii, except that the
nonfarm component of series N 33 should be interpreted as including estimates for
Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1946.
1 Public industrial and commercial building not segregable from private construction,
1915-1932; amount believed negligible.
Residential
48
43
Year
Nonresidential buildings
Total1
All
other
public
Public
service
enterprises
Sewer
and
water
systems
Conservation
and
development
1932
1931
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
1924
573
869
1,038
751
902
935
858
836
770
551
502
415
341
216
188
184
219
232
490
714
521
478
520
644
367
389
210
1923
1922
1921
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
1915
594
676
544
372
380
314
335
470
659
190
161
159
134
119
97
100
138
224
148
155
133
112
108
120
153
200
232
Year
Excludes farm housing.
Excludes building by privately owned public utilities.
Includes local transit.
Includes farm housing.
621
N
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
118-137
Series N 61.
[In millions of dollars.
Maintenance
and
repair
Construction Expenditures for Maintenance and Repair: 1915 to 1963
Includes work relief expenditures, 1933-1943.
Maintenance
and
repair
Year
Year
Beginning 1950, figures not entirely comparable with those lor earlier years)
Maintenance
and
repair
Maintenance
and
repair
Year
Year
61
61
Maintenance
and
repair
Maintenance
and
repair
Year
61
20,540
20,305
19,777
19,237
1954
1953
1952
1951
14,708
14,413
14,140
13,316
18,957
17,558
17,920
16,978
15,858
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
12,055
11,966
11,801
10,374
8,062
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
6,096
5,316
4,998
4,601
4,485
1940
1939
1938
1937
4,119
3,978
3,884
3,895
1936
1935
1934
1933
3,795
3,145
2,942
2,478
1927
1926
1925
1924
3,926
3,751
3,533
3,380
1932
1931
1930
1929
1928
2,576
3,232
3,874
4,201
3,977
1923
1922
1921
3,209
2,960
2,863
1920
1919
1918
2,982
2,561
2,247
1917
1916
1915
1,927
1,808
1,711
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Series N 62-65.
Expenditures for Private Nonfarm Residential Building: 1889 to 1921
[In millions of dollars]
New
housekeeping
units
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
62
63
64
65
1,795
1,072
1,258
391
769
1,255
1,882
903
1,366
494
1,155
2,202
185
140
140
90
110
116
194
118
152
114
165
204
192
081
108
113
000
2,228
2,071
2,135
2,069
1,905
108
106
106
108
109
202
203
204
201
208
Series N 66-69.
New
housekeeping
units
Additions and
alterations to
housekeeping units
Year
Current
dollars
Additions and
alterations to
housekeeping units
Constant
1929
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
New
housekeeping
units
Year
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
62
63
Additions and
alterations to
housekeeping units
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
1,028
1,272
1,034
1,037
1,170
1,932
2,475
2,089
2,029
2,393
112
118
114
111
111
211
230
230
217
227
1899
1898
1897
1896
1895
608
574
643
606
679
1,579
1,599
1,869
1,726
1,946
71
72
76
77
77
184
201
221
219
221
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
1900
1,154
690
607
572
610
433
2,593
1,624
1,412
1,378
1,521
1,067
110
98
84
76
73
70
247
231
195
183
182
172
1894
1893
1892
1891
1890
1889
594
583
763
612
790
806
1,678
1,589
2,073
1,615
2,015
2,067
78
79
80
82
85
85
220
215
217
216
217
217
Value of New Public Construction Put in Place, by Ownership and Source of Funds: 1915 to 1970
[In millions of dollars]
All
public
construction
Federal
ownership
State and local
ownership
Federal
grantsin-aid 1
Year
All
public
construction
Federal
ownership
State and local
ownership
Total
Federal
grantsin-aid 1
Year
All
public
construction
67
69
28,096
27,963
27,605
25,536
24,007
3,290
3,313
3,367
3,475
3,964
22,062
20,383
19,357
17,869
17,148
4,014
3,898
4,001
3,913
3,879
18,048
16,485
3,489
15,356
3,150
13,956
2,556
13,269
2,426
15,863
16,070
15,457
14,059
12,732
3,622
3,724
3,387
2,974
2,726
12,241
12,346
12,070
11,085
10,006
2,267
2,711
2,106
1,269
857
11,715
11,712
11,242
10,779
9,255
2,769
3,428
4,139
4,186
2,982
8,946
8,284
7,103
6,594
6,274
739
675
700
550
464
24,806
24,651
24,238
22,061
20,043
1950..
1949-.
1948-.
1947_.
1946 2
6,866
6,269
4,704
3,319
2,231
1,624
1,488
1,177
840
865
5,242
4,781
3,527
2,479
1,366
454
461
417
409
244
1946 >
1945..
1944-.
1943..
1942..
1941-.
2,362
2,398
3,073
6,322
10,660
5,751
870
1,737
2,505
5,609
9,313
3,751
1,492
661
568
713
1,347
2,000
244
99
126
268
475
697
1940..
1939 ..
1938..
1937..
1936..
3,628
3,809
3,420
3,096
3,516
1,182
759
717
776
797
2,446
3,050
2,703
2,320
2,719
946
1,377
1,320
1,117
1,566
1935..
1934..
1933..
1932-.
2,233
2,211
1,648
1,862
814
626
516
333
1,419
1,585
1,132
1,529
567
721
286
111
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 Construction programs receiving Federal grant-in-aid funds cover highways,
schools, hospitals, airports, and miscellaneous community facilities.
622
Federal
ownership
Federal
grantsin-aid 1
68
1931
2,659
271
2,388
235
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
2,858
2,486
2,485
2,409
2,144
209
155
122
98
92
2,649
2,331
2,363
2,311
2,052
104
80
85
81
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
2,138
1,901
1,622
1,684
1,564
100
111
108
100
122
2,038
1,790
1,514
1,584
1,442
89
100
77
78
78
1920
1919
1918
1917.
1916
1915.
1,352
1,976
2,238
1,279
708
719
232
1,120
814
604
625
642
648
* Comparable with later years.
Comparable with earlier years.
1
State and local
ownership
1,162
1,634
654
66
71
95
65
10
5
CONSTRUCTION
Series N 70-77.
N 111-131
Expenditures for New Construction, Private Residential and Nonresidential and Public, in Current
and Constant (1929) Dollars: 1869 to 1955
[In millions of dollars]
Total new construction
Year
1
Private nonfarm
residential building 2
Private nonresidential
construction 1
Public construction 3
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1929
dollars
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
45,153
39,792
37,172
34,624
32,750
18,585
16,852
15,694
15,032
14,680
16,256
13,200
11,663
10,915
10,783
6,557
5,489
4,813
4,582
4,648
16,478
14,663
14,115
12,808
12,549
6,534
5,990
5,825
5,535
5,584
11,122
10,899
10,087
9,513
8,531
4,946
4,926
4,489
4,301
4,043
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
29,733
23,858
22,729
17,462
12,653
14,406
12,031
11,309
9,667
8,492
12,425
8,082
8,425
6,185
3,870
5,763
3,956
4,002
3,270
2,479
10,308
9,371
9,479
7,844
6,421
4,964
4,672
4,754
4,321
4,357
6,823
6,268
4,667
3,229
2,174
3,591
3,334
2,475
1,965
1,530
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
6,231
5,785
8,648
14,381
12,380
4,836
4,653
6,926
12,115
11,642
1,060
790
870
1,665
3,415
752
598
718
1,438
3,116
2,773
1,922
1,456
2,056
3,214
2,209
1,636
1,339
2,091
3,187
1,708
2,236
3,772
5,644
4,131
1,328
1,750
2,900
4,447
3,749
9,080
8,566
7,380
7,499
6,797
9,065
8,683
7,385
7,540
7,295
2,895
2,590
1,915
1,795
1,505
2,846
2,643
1,988
1,916
1,787
2,557
2,167
2,045
2,608
1,776
2,520
2,175
1,979
2,594
1,933
3,243
3,684
3,358
3,059
3,487
3,293
3,729
3,351
2,990
3,542
4,532
3,920
3,079
3,738
6,627
5,026
4,214
3,673
4,845
7,457
960
580
435
590
1,495
1,193
699
571
775
1,663
1,339
1,129
996
1,286
2,473
1,468
1,203
1,160
1,444
2,668
2,196
2,164
1,612
1,828
2,619
2,321
2,257
1,896
2,579
3,079
9,041
11,193
11,988
12,439
12,584
9,352
11,193
12,268
12,699
12,773
1,875
3,380
4,510
4,830
5,190
1,923
3,380
4,703
5,052
5,356
4,308
5,327
4,993
5,200
5,250
4,380
5,327
5,113
5,343
5,382
2,829
2,467
2,470
2,397
2,133
3,018
2,467
2,437
2,293
2,025
11,891
10,792
9,732
8,016
6,359
12,066
10,752
9,653
8,768
6,341
5,160
4,805
4,170
3,155
1,980
5,364
4,958
4,242
3,597
2,076
4,593
4,086
3,940
3,177
2,815
4,712
4,092
3,985
3,524
2,870
2,130
1,892
1,606
1,659
1,515
1,982
1,694
1,412
1,622
1,349
_
6,727
6,396
5,126
4,641
4,162
5,414
6,300
5,676
6,090
6,783
1,212
1,398
481
879
1,371
1,021
1,518
608
1,320
2,406
4,163
3,022
2,407
2,483
2,083
3,414
2,919
2,617
3,148
3,275
1,191
887
683
671
687
857
817
737
853
1,071
_
3,509
3,659
4,988
4,546
4,144
6,363
6,701
8,879
8,280
7,678
1,300
1,187
1,214
1,221
1,109
2,430
2,274
2,339
2,270
2,113
1,490
1,808
3,183
2,765
2,459
2,646
3,210
5,481
4,982
4,496
702
645
591
560
576
1,259
1,186
1,059
1,028
1,069
4,425
4,467
3,891
4,342
3,951
8,234
8,471
7,496
8,049
7,615
1,140
1,390
1,148
1,148
1,281
2,143
2,705
2,319
2,246
2,620
2,764
2,589
2,245
2,750
2,307
5,118
4,832
4,210
4,980
4,288
521
488
498
444
363
973
934
967
823
707
3,327
3,023
3,063
3,107
2,705
6,968
6,625
6,632
6,964
6,241
1,264
788
691
648
683
2,840
1,855
1,607
1,561
1,703
1,721
1,903
2,085
2,228
1,809
3,414
4,047
4,420
4,897
4,058
342
332
287
231
213
714
723
605
506
480
2,471
2,069
1,982
2,088
1,875
5,562
4,866
5,118
5,493
4,744
503
679
646
719
683
1,239
1,763
1,800
2,090
1,945
1,761
1,205
1,174
1,219
1,046
3,866
2,678
2,908
3,014
2,435
207
185
162
150
146
457
425
410
389
364
189 5 _
1894
1893
1892
1891__
2,192
2,093
2,190
2,718
2,141
5,598
5,300
5,338
6,570
5,033
756
672
662
843
694
2,167
1,898
1,804
2,290
1,831
1,295
1,282
1,390
1,743
1,320
3,073
3,051
3,199
3,962
2,904
141
139
138
132
127
358
351
335
318
298
1890_
1889
1884-1893 * _ _
1879-1888 4 _ _
1874-1883 4
1869-1878 4
2,393
1,645
1 894
1,330
966
802
5,451
3,735
4,358
2,985
2,154
1,671
875
891
2,232
2,284
1,394
635
2,937
1,181
124
119
282
270
1955
1954
1953
1952.
1951
_ _
_
_
1940
1939..
1938
1937 _
1936
___
_
__
__
_ _ _ _ _
1935
1934
1933.__
1932 _
1931
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926_
1925
1924
1923
1922_
1921
_
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
_
__
______
_
1905
1904
1903
_ _ _ _ _ _ ___ ___
1902_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1901
1900 _ __ __ ___
1899 _
1898
1897
1896
1
2
_ _ _
_ _
. _
_
_
__
_ __
Includes oil and gas well drilling.
Total housekeeping, including additions and alterations.
8
4
Excludes military.
Annual averages per year for overlapping decades.
623
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
N 118-137
Series N 78-89.
Value of Construction Contracts Awarded (Dodge), by Class of Construction: 1901 to 1970
Includes new structures and alterations to existing structures. Figures for 1901-1909 are for New England States only; 1910-1922, for 27 States except
as noted; 1923-1924, for 36 States; 1925-1955, for 37 States; 1956-1969, for 48 States; thereafter, for 50 States. See text!
[In millions of dollars.
Nonresidential buildings
Total
Year
Total
Commercial
Industrial
Educational
and science
Hospital
Public
buildings
Religious
Social and
recreational
Miscellaneous
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
78
Residential
buildings
Nonbuilding
construction
88
89
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966.
68,294
68,294
61,732
54,514
50,150
24,455
25,949
22,513
20,139
19,393
9,056
9,786
7,645
6,080
5,835
3,664
3,915
3,768
3,701
3,623
5,253
5,543
5,347
5,216
4,939
2,811
2,817
2,114
1,873
1,721
1,007
1,154
1,112
959
939
575
674
778
793
825
1,137
1,116
954
834
855
952
944
795
683
656
24,837
25,633
24,838
21,165
17,827
19,001
16,710
14,382
13,220
12,930
1965
1964_
1963
1962
1961,
49,272
47,330
45,646
41,303
37,135
17,219
15,522
14,377
13,010
12,115
5,457
4,572
4,445
4,216
3,797
3,064
2,970
2,274
2,086
1,814
4,164
3,554
3,314
3,060
3,015
1,515
1,625
1,485
1,079
985
842
789
964
677
671
783
814
755
811
805
800
599
648
704
623
596
598
493
377
403
21,248
20,565
20,502
18,039
16,123
10,806
11,244
10,667
10,255
8,897
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
36,318
36,269
35,090
32,173
31,612
12,240
11,387
10,948
11,293
11,208
3,725
3,496
3,197
3,267
3,140
2,114
1,880
1,400
2,168
2,381
3,005
2,666
2,907
2,936
2,883
832
865
879
870
678
679
605
655
470
428
789
799
746
699
681
631
601
500
429
422
464
474
664
455
595
15,105
17,150
14,696
13,039
12,862
8,973
7,732
9,446
7,841
7,642
1955.
1954
1953
1952
1951
24,632
20,596
18,804
18,070
17,151
8,497
7,110
6,956
6,695
6,823
2,359
1,816
1,489
979
915
1,878
1,274
2,051
2,558
2,883
2,134
2,063
1,720
1,472
1,335
476
519
434
444
581
301
249
203
233
158
551
486
385
318
299
270
252
222
153
136
530
452
452
538
515
11,072
9,344
7,840
7,963
7,605
5,063
4,142
4,008
3,412
2,723
1960
1949
1948
1947
1946
16,592
11,826
11,121
9,175
7,490
5,182
3,644
3,666
2,716
2,716
1,209
885
975
785
773
1,142
559
840
941
1,317
1,180
824
725
392
221
655
555
405
192
131
124
119
84
73
25
336
276
245
118
68
261
222
232
122
93
274
204
161
92
88
8,832
5,706
5,299
4,569
3,142
2,578
2,476
2,155
1,890
1,631
1945_
1944
1943
1942
1941
3,299
1,994
3,274
8,255
6,007
1,850
899
1,424
3,897
2,316
346
81
121
302
471
1,027
473
766
2,228
1,182
100
69
62
148
141
113
59
111
185
89
16
12
25
102
89
35
12
7
24
53
60
33
58
101
78
153
161
274
808
214
563
348
868
1,818
1,954
885
746
982
2,541
1,738
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
4,004
3,551
3,197
2,913
2,675
1,295
966
1,072
1,156
960
318
247
216
297
249
442
176
121
314
198
147
201
334
223
219
94
83
116
82
74
80
110
114
105
102
46
38
36
37
28
63
82
108
84
75
104
29
28
15
14
1,597
1,334
986
905
802
1,112
1,251
1,139
852
914
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
1,845
1,543
1,256
1,351
3,093
681
551
417
488
1,141
165
151
99
123
311
109
116
128
44
116
168
112
39
81
223
47
37
37
48
121
98
56
51
118
181
24
18
18
27
53
55
46
27
34
99
16
15
19
13
36
479
249
249
280
811
685
743
589
583
1,141
4,523
5,751
6,628
6,303
6,381
6,006
1,822
2,425
2,438
2,439
2,418
2,202
616
929
885
933
921
872
257
546
509
376
471
327
366
370
390
369
373
419
163
152
165
163
133
111
140
121
76
80
67
55
93
106
128
157
149
153
117
147
219
261
252
253
71
55
67
102
52
12
1,101
1,916
2,788
2,573
2,671
2,748
1,599
1,410
1,402
1,291
1,292
1,057
1930
1929
1928...
1927
1926
1925_
___
Nonresidential buildings
Year
Total
78
Total1
Commercial
Industrial
Public and
institutional
79
80
81
83-87
Residential
buildings
Nonbuilding
construction
88
89
4,479
3,992
3,344
2,355
1,583
1,456
1,395
998
591
518
496
332
233
313
278
153
721
601
699
461
2,052
1,736
1,340
879
844
801
609
479
1920 2
1919 2
1918
1917
1916
1915
2,564
2,580
1,767
1,691
1,413
978
1,394
1,213
444
406
555
498
345
266
570
849
305
355
483
418
600
517
1
Includes theaters, not shown separately.
States only. Totals for 27 States are: 1919, 2,699; 1920, 2,635.
624
Total
Total
Year
78
78
1924
1923
1922
1921
125
Year
1914
1913
1912
775
917
923
1907
1906
1906
1911
1910. _
1909
1908
828
859
166
112
1904
1903
1902..
1901
_ _
129
125
107
97
104
119
120
CONSTRUCTION
Series N 90-100.
N 111-131
Floor Space of Buildings for Which Construction Contracts Awarded (Dodge), by Class of
Construction: 1919 to 1970
Includes new structures and alterations to existing structures. Figures for 1919-1922 are for 27 States; 1923-1924, for 36 States; 1925-1955, for 37
States; 1956-1969, for 48 States; thereafter, for 50 States. See text]
[In millions of square feet.
Nonresidential buildings
Total1
Year
Total
Commercial
Industrial
Educational
and science
Hospital
Public
buildings
Religious
Social and
recreational
Miscellaneous
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
90
Residential
buildings
100
2,938
3,249
3,129
2,820
2,643
1,157
1,374
1,254
1,165
1,227
530
573
496
424
442
212
317
284
270
312
195
221
234
242
245
75
87
69
66
60
29
36
39
37
37
27
33
39
41
45
47
53
46
42
47
42
54
47
43
40
1,781
1,874
1,876
1,654
1,416
2,843
2,738
2,711
2,414
2,203
1,132
1,024
958
894
838
415
360
347
326
293
265
239
187
174
150
225
202
197
191
194
60
67
65
49
44
36
34
43
34
33
45
50
48
53
53
47
36
38
40
41
38
36
32
27
29
1,711
1,714
1,753
1,520
1,364
2,154
2,337
2,101
2,003
2,017
854
824
768
809
823
283
281
243
245
244
178
158
113
176
192
196
181
201
207
200
36
38
38
40
33
33
34
37
27
27
53
54
51
50
48
44
43
37
31
30
31
35
47
33
48
1,300
1,512
1,333
1,195
1,194
1,695
1,486
1,306
1,288
1,279
604
532
490
441
470
173
138
123
82
77
125
100
112
115
148
155
154
124
107
110
23
28
23
26
38
18
16
13
15
11
37
34
28
22
25
20
19
17
12
11
53
44
50
62
50
1,089
953
814
845
805
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1,475
1,038
1,060
1,060
946
483
344
385
349
432
122
86
101
100
119
115
61
110
143
235
111
79
72
41
26
45
42
35
20
15
10
8
6
6
2
29
25
21
12
8
24
21
22
14
11
28
22
18
12
15
989
694
673
707
516
1945..
1944
1943
1942
1941
397
229
448
1,296
941
285
156
245
848
440
63
12
22
74
106
158
84
106
446
188
13
10
12
31
24
11
8
20
34
15
2
2
5
20
14
5
1
1
3
9
8
5
13
23
15
26
33
66
216
69
111
74
201
449
503
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
690
513
429
446
410
268
179
186
204
183
67
49
42
62
57
95
44
25
61
40
25
34
57
36
42
14
12
17
11
10
12
15
16
12
14
7
6
5
6
4
12
12
18
14
13
37
6
6
1
1
421
333
241
236
223
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
252
152
147
156
366
114
86
73
80
171
35
28
23
24
50
21
18
19
9
20
26
17
6
14
37
6
4
6
7
17
14
9
10
16
24
4
3
3
4
6
8
7
6
6
14
1
1
2
1
3
135
64
73
74
190
510
791
967
851
884
936
272
398
394
351
356
362
97
161
159
142
152
160
48
106
93
68
76
67
57
59
61
54
54
61
19
20
20
19
15
14
17
13
11
10
8
8
11
13
15
17
16
19
16
22
28
34
30
32
7
6
6
7
4
1
230
388
568
495
521
659
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
_.
___
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
I960
1959
1958
1957
1956
..
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
...
—
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926..
1925
Nonresidential buildings
Total
Year
90
1924
1923
1922
. . .
695
674
570
Nonresidential buildings
Total2
Commercial
Industrial
Public
and
institutional
91
92
93
96-99
274
281
259
112
110
95
48
68
62
109
99
98
Residential
buildings
100
422
393
312
1 For early years, includes a small amount of floor space reported for public works
and utilities.
Year
Total
90
1921
1920
1919
2
385
402
557
Total2
Commercial
Industrial
Public
and
institutional
91
92
93
96-99
180
264
315
65
84
110
35
125
152
74
49
47
Residential
buildings
100
205
138
242
Includes theaters, not shown separately,
625
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
Series N 101-110.
Construction Bidding Volume (Engineering News-Record), by Type: 1913 to 1970
[In millions of dollars]
Public works
Total
volume
101
Private buildings
Sewerage
Bridges
Earthwork,
irrigation,
drainage
Streets,
roads
Buildings
Industrial
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
1,663
1,289
1,247
911
730
1,027
1,337
696
822
485
1,596
648
774
1,039
1,067
6,689
5,993
4,813
5,142
4,181
7,391
7,649
6,313
5,582
4,816
3,254
3,505
4,467
5,135
4,635
6,228
5,268
7,779
8,366
7,187
2,388
2,581
2,090
1,731
1,296
24,025
21,895
21,370
22,123
21,981
401
470
460
391
431
685
790
950
777
819
347
540
640
601
651
1,407
1,138
1,055
1,075
804
4,096
4,259
4,070
4,037
3,712
4,197
3,176
2,810
13,490
13,427
3,632
3,708
2,750
2,544
2,817
7,888
6,405
7,165
7,376
7,636
1,372
1,409
1,470
1,832
1,685
22,654
20,423
19,165
17,986
21,712
455
376
306
369
356
619
656
618
556
579
794
570
713
781
622
780
915
1,045
969
730
3,401
2,899
3,729
2,965
2,475
13,300
13,195
13,664
12,995
12,417
2,792
2,993
1,756
3,081
5,336
8,061
6,861
5,534
4,795
7,358
2,462
1,958
1,799
1,475
1,841
18,722
14,412
15,171
16,689
13,605
314
246
247
231
209
402
388
431
304
335
546
510
752
413
316
546
339
374
496
505
2,137
1,919
1,793
1,397
1,167
i1,987
12,017
12,112
114,899
12,701
2,951
1,876
3,178
2,722
4,124
7,794
5,653
4,621
3,845
2,632
2,046
1,465
1,663
1,382
1,617
13,342
8,157
7,219
5,659
5,176
215
207
209
139
109
287
277
228
175
114
369
357
303
196
129
417
524
519
327
328
1,268
897
996
794
769
13,754
11,736
1,161
615
414
1,683
950
1,096
862
1,113
4,092
2,406
1,888
1,898
1,846
1,256
803
820
652
354
2,289
1,730
>3,062
<9,306
5,869
61
33
46
151
77
35
32
41
118
89
53
17
26
50
112
57
64
47
251
245
227
196
227
531
583
463
658
1,419
5,678
2,786
635
174
167
200
496
387
140
231
292
486
371
416
858
2,034
996
3,987
3,003
2,792
2,437
2,387
70
163
131
104
92
91
160
136
95
121
120
151
135
133
188
234
233
268
110
182
678
644
638
415
483
1,196
593
503
333
436
594
283
152
477
309
400
388
550
460
275
603
390
279
309
300
1,590
1,361
1,068
1,219
2,432
3,173
81
92
67
35
57
49
100
61
22
25
73
83
98
99
98
84
116
131
259
266
137
101
143
77
325
345
288
380
645
685
298
204
121
241
384
356
172
105
152
93
166
331
109
81
106
166
561
1,034
148
106
77
95
387
528
New building permits, value
Newman
In
current
prices
(1920-30
= 100)
In
1913
prices
(1913 =
100)
112
113
111
1939
1938
1937
1936
78.8
70.6
67.0
69.4
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
39.8
21.4
19.0
28.0
78.8
626
10.8
14.0
40.5
Dollar
volume
of new
Riggle- construction,
manNewcomb
Isard
(1920-29 (1920-29
= 100)
= 100)
114
22
28
71
12.63
16.77
41.65
115
Total
Year
buildings
101
902
712
591
723
431
Series N 111-117.
Year
Commercial,
multi-unit
residential
31,128
28,982
28,760
29,451
24,828
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 Includes contracts awarded for atomic energy plants as follows (in millions): 1949,
$247; 1950, $2,020; 1951, $123; 1952, $2,829; 1953, $72; 1954, $19; 1955, $131; 1956,
$86; 1957, $64; 1958, $84; 1959, $241; 1960, $59; 1961, $82; 1962, $106.
Long
(1930 =
100)
Unclassified
Waterworks
108
1929
1928
1927
1926
3,950
3,551
3,254
2,854
547
353
321
312
1926
1924
1923
1922
1921
2,569
1,999
1,904
1,557
1,194
228
205
282
198
118
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
1,523
1,176
993
739
933
453
381
261
175
260
1915
1914
1913
585
583
601
91
38
41
3 Deduct $400 million for cost savings on Portsmouth, Ohio, atomic energy plant
originally estimated to cost $1.2 billion.
' Add $1,357 million for atomic bomb plants.
« $1,800 million canceled by War Production Board.
Indexes of Building Activity: 1830 to 1939
Urban dwelling
units, Blank
(1929 = 100)
Number
of units
started
Permit
valuation
116
117
Urban dwelling
units, Blank
Dollar
(1929 = 100)
volume
of new
Riggle- construction,
manNewcomb
Isard
(1920-29 (1920-29 Number
Permit
= 100)
= 100)
valuaof units
tion
started
New building permits, value
Newman
Long
(1930 =
100)
In
current
prices
(1920-30
= 100)
In
1913
prices
(1913 =
100)
111
112
113
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
100.0
187.3
199.1
214.4
239.6
56.5
100.3
114.3
118.5
130.9
86
149
170
176
194
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
252.3
213.3
212.7
167.6
107.6
137.7
119.9
116.4
94.3
61.1
204
173
167
151
90
Year
116
117
54.49
97.55
109.16
113.36
128.49
100.0
155.5
172.8
192.3
100.0
153.9
173.3
190.1
135.95
115.50
113.20
92.49
60.81
208.1
193.9
193.7
156.5
94.2
207.0
187.1
178.5
140.3
83.3
114
115
CONSTRUCTION
Series N 111-117.
N 111-131
Indexes of Building Activity: 1830 to 1939—Con.
Urban dwelling
Dollar
units, Blank
volume
(1929 = 100)
of new
Riggle- construction,
manNewcomb
Isard
(1920-29 (1920-29 Number
Permit
= 100)
= 100)
of units
valuastarted
tion
New building permits, value
New building permits, value
Newman
Long
(1930 =
100)
In
current
prices
(1920-30
= 100)
In
1913
prices
(1913 =
100)
112
113
111
Year
1865
1864
1863
1862..
1861...
58
70
27
59
100
48.93
44.84
14.74
24.10
37.56
47.2
68.6
24.6
48.3
101.3
43.6
55.3
13.5
26.9
54.2
62.8
56.1
62.3
69.2
65.5
31.2
29.9
33.1
35.6
33.2
94
92
100
108
104
30.26
28.81
32.12
35.37
32.79
30.0
33.0
36.0
37.0
101.0
93.2
96.2
105.9
106.4
50.4
44.4
47.2
52.7.
50.9
64.9
65.6
57.6
50.4
57.9
34.5
38.8
27.3
31.4
34.6
109
125
89
98
109
33.97
35.68
26.43
29.63
31.92
35.0
31.0
29.0
28.0
31.0
106.7
118.5
92.0
102.9
121.3
53.3
60.4
43.5
45.6
52.7
56.1
41.6
36.9
36.0
35.3
31.9
22.9
19.8
18.4
17.0
106
80
71
69
66
29.66
22.09
18.29
17.99
17.72
30.0
25.0
22.0
21.0
19.0
134.0
83.6
59.9
49.5
75.1
53.2
32.6
24.1
21.7
30.3
22.5
30.0
23.0
25.3
23.4
11.6
16.7
12.7
14.5
13.3
46
70
58
67
60
11.69
14.89
11.93
13.57
12.64
18.0
15.0
17.0
16.0
18.0
49.3
84.9
65.3
75.4
58.7
20.8
33.6
25.0
28.0
23.3
28.0
21.0
16.5
12.2
73
55
15.26
11.56
17.0
16.0
73.6
54.4
27.7
20.9
10.55
8.92
_
6.10
3.91
5.34
3.34
3.68
_
5.29
Value of new
building permits,
Riggleman-Isard
(1920-29 = 100)
Year
Year
1859.
1858.__
_ _
1857.__ _
1856 _
4.61
3.95
6.70
6.46
119
113
1855..
1854
1853 __
1852
1851 .
5.94
6.07
5.96
5.28
4.35
_
Associated
General
Contractors
120
Residences
114
116
12.6
19.3
17.6
55
84
76
12.87
17.02
15.75
16.0
16.0
17.0
55.1
77.8
67.9
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
29.5
29.0
21.0
25.1
22.5
17.5
15.4
11.2
11.8
12.9
46
47
51
18.11
17.06
13.83
14.40
13.24
17.0
16.0
15.0
14.0
13.0
84.5
88.3
74.7
91.1
82.1
1885
1884
1883
1882
1881
19.5
17.3
17.1
16.5
15.3
11.2
10.5
10.4
8.9
6.7
47
44
39
33
27
11.60
9.97
10.13
8.99
7.33
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.0
71.8
63.5
52.9
38.2
36.4
1880
1879
1878
1877
1876
11.5
8.9
6.1
5.5
6.5
5.4
4.1
4.0
4.5
4.6
22
19
17
19
18
5.64
4.53
3.90
4.55
5.12
7.0
5.0
4.3
4.5
5.3
32.1
21.4
16.3
17.5
21.0
1875
1874
1873
1872
1871
7.5
8.4
12.6
14.1
21.5
5.4
20
6.22
6.42
11.97
12.30
15.41
5.9
10.2
13.2
13.8
24.9
24.5
25.8
27.3
39.3
1870
1869
1868
17.5
20.3
17.4
13.79
14.88
13.25
14.7
14.0
12.9
Value of new
building permits,
Riggleman-Isard
(1920-29 = 100)
Year
10.0
8.2
Year
27.8
Value of new
building permits,
Riggleman-Isard
(1920-29 = 100)
114
1850 __ _ _ _
1849
1848. _ _ . . .
1847. . _ _ .
1846.__
4.04
3.01
2.71
2.96
2.08
1845. . . _ .
1844
1843 _ . _ . . .
1842
1.41
.99
.80
1.01
114
1841
1.35
1840
1839
1838
1837
1836
1.28
1.70
1.82
2.27
4.45
_ _
1835
1834
.
...
.
.
1833
1832
1831
1.97
1.63
1.02
1830
.71
2.61
2.10
Construction Cost Indexes: 1913 to 1970
K. H. Boeckh and Associates
118
112
24.3
34.2
31.3
Value of new
building permits,
Riggleman-Isard
(1920-29 = 100)
[1967 = 100, except series N 137.
American
Appraisal
Company
In
1913
prices
(1913 =
100)
114
Series N 118-137.
Department of
Commerce
composite
In
current
prices
(1920-30
= 100)
1893.
1892
1891.
114
I860... _
Year
Year
50.9
47.9
14.5
26.2
37.2
...
Long
(1930 =
100)
115
114
1867.__
1866
Newman
87.6
81.9
24.1
49.7
74.2
Value of new
building permits,
Riggleman-Isard
(1920-29 = 100)
Urban dwelling
units, Blank
Dollar
(1929 = 100)
volume
of new
Riggle- construcmantion,
Isard
Newcomb
(1920-29 (1920-29 Number
= 100)
= 100)
of units
started
ApartCommerments,
cial and
hotels, and factory
office
buildings
buildings
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii for all years]
Engineering
News-Record
Dept. of Agriculture,
Economic Research
Service
Building
Construction
Farm
housing
126
121
122
123
124
125
Handy-Whitman public utility
George A .
Fuller Co.,
commercial
Electric
Other
farm con- buildings
light and
Gas
struction
Buildings
plant
power
plants
128
127
129
130
131
1970...
1969...
1968.__
1967.._
1966...
122
114
106
100
96
124
116
107
100
95
126
114
105
100
96
122.4
116.2
107.3
100.0
94.3
124.4
116.1
107.0
100.0
94.3
123.1
114.5
106.8
100.0
93.9
124.4
117.7
107.4
100.0
96.9
128.9
118.7
107.9
100.0
95.2
108
100
96
118
115
106
100
96
127
116
105
100
98
121
113
105
100
97
117
110
104
100
97
119
110
104
100
96
1965.._
1964.._
1963...
1962...
1961.__
93
90
88
86
84
91
88
86
83
81
93
90
86
84
83
90.4
87.6
85.2
83.4
82.1
90.7
87.7
85.2
83.2
81.3
90.0
87.1
84.6
82.8
81.1
93.3
91.1
88.5
86.3
84.6
90.8
87.4
84.2
81.5
79.2
92
90
90
89
88
93
91
92
91
91
96
94
91
89
85
93
92
90
88
87
94
92
90
88
86
94
90
89
89
88
627
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
Series N 118-137.
Construction Cost Indexes: 1913 to 1970—Con.
[1967 = 100]
Engineering
News-Record
G. H . Boeckh and Associates
Year
Department of
Commerce
composite
American
Appraisal
Company
118
119
Associated
General
Contractors
ApartCommerments,
cial and
hotels, and factory
buildings
office
buildings
Residences
121
120
122
123
Dept. of Agriculture,
Economic Research
Service
Building
Construction
Farm
housing
124
125
126
Handy-Whitman public utility
George A.
Fuller Co.,
commerOther
cial
Electric
farm con- buildings
Gas
light and
struction
Buildings
plant
power
plants
127
128
129
130
131
1960...
1959...
1958...
1957.__
1956...
83
82
81
80
77
80
77
75
73
70
81
78
76
73
70
81.8
80.5
77.9
77.2
75.7
80.3
78.7
76.1
74.8
72.5
80.4
79.1
76.4
74.9
72.3
83.3
81.6
78.2
75.7
73.1
76.9
74.5
71.0
67.6
64.7
88
86
84
84
82
91
90
87
86
83
82
81
78
74
71
87
87
84
82
76
85
84
81
77
73
89
89
88
86
81
1955...
1954...
1953...
1952...
1951...
73
71
71
69
68
67
65
64
61
59
67
64
62
59
58
72.5
70.4
71.0
69.7
68.0
69.2
67.2
66.6
64.6
62.5
68.7
66.5
65.7
63.5
61.4
69.9
66.4
64.1
61.9
59.7
61.6
58.7
56.0
53.2
50.7
79
77
78
77
76
80
78
79
78
76
68
66
64
61
60
70
67
65
61
61
67
64
60
58
57
74
72
69
67
65
I960...
1949...
1948...
1947...
1946._.
62
60
60
54
45
55
64
54
47
35
55
52
51
45
39
63.0
59.8
61.4
54.6
45.1
58.0
55.5
54.8
48.6
41.3
56.8
54.6
54.0
47.8
40.7
55.9
52.4
51.3
46.6
39.1
47.7
44.5
43.0
38.6
32.3
69
64
67
62
49
69
72
73
67
54
56
57
56
52
43
56
54
51
45
38
52
50
48
43
36
58
54
51
46
40
1945._.
1944..1943...
1942...
1941...
39
37
38
35
31
30
29
28
26
24
35
34
33
32
30
41.1
38.3
35.2
33.8
31.9
37.8
35.5
33.3
32.0
30.4
37.3
35.2
32.9
31.6
30.2
35.6
35.0
34.1
33.1
31.5
28.8
27.9
27.1
25.9
24.1
45
42
38
33
29
50
47
43
39
33
36
36
35
34
30
33
32
31
31
29
31
31
30
30
28
35
34
34
34
33
1940...
1939...
1938...
1937..1936 . . .
29
28
30
30
28
23
23
22
22
19
29
29
29
29
27
29.6
28.6
28.1
27.3
24.4
29.0
28.5
28.2
27.1
24.3
28.7
28.3
28.0
27.0
24.2
30.2
29.4
29.3
29.2
25.7
22.6
22.0
22.0
21.9
19.2
26
25
25
27
25
31
30
31
31
30
29
29
29
27
25
26
26
26
27
24
27
27
27
27
24
32
31
31
31
28
1935.__
1934...
1933...
1932...
1931...
27
28
25
23
27
18
17
17
17
20
27
27
24
26
30
23.6
24.2
22.2
22.2
26.3
23.6
23.9
21.7
21.2
24.9
23.5
23.9
21.9
21.4
24.8
24.7
24.8
22.0
21.0
25.3
18.3
18.5
15.9
14.7
17.0
25
25
22
22
25
30
30
26
26
30
25
26
23
23
26
24
24
21
21
23
23
23
21
21
23
28
27
25
25
26
1930...
1929...
1928__.
1927...
1926...
29
30
30
30
30
23
24
24
24
24
30
31
30
30
30
28.5
29.3
28.0
27.9
28.3
26.9
27.4
26.8
26.6
27.0
26.8
27.2
26.4
26.4
26.7
27.6
28.4
28.0
27.7
27.6
19.0
19.4
19.3
19.2
19.5
30
31
31
31
31
34
36
35
36
36
29
29
29
29
29
25
26
26
26
27
23
23
23
24
24
26
28
26
26
26
1925...
1924...
1923...
1922...
1921
30
30
30
27
30
24
24
25
23
24
30
31
30
28
34
28.0
28.3
28.7
25.7
27.9
26.8
26.5
27.1
24.5
26.1
26.5
26.7
26.8
24.0
25.9
27.2
27.6
27.7
23.1
24.7
19.3
20.1
20.0
16.3
18.8
31
31
31
29
28
37
36
35
33
33
29
29
28
26
28
27
29
26
23
26
25
26
24
22
27
27
27
26
27
27
1920
1919
1918...
1917
1916
1915
37
30
27
23
18
16
31
26
20
16
13
11
37
30
27
23
17
15
34.7
26.9
23.2
19.5
16.6
15.6
32.4
25.4
22.3
19.7
16.4
14.6
31.6
25.4
23.1
21.0
17.2
14.8
30.8
23.6
23.7
24.9
19.5
14.2
23.5
18.5
17.7
16.9
12.1
8.7
39
36
29
24
20
18
46
41
36
30
25
22
31
25
23
23
21
19
34
29
29
28
19
17
29
27
25
21
15
13
30
27
26
22
18
15
Year
ICC,
railroad
construction
Bell System
Telephone plant,
telephone and telegraph
Buildings
Outside
plant
133
134
132
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
Federal
Highway
Administration
Turner
Construction
Company
135
136
Year
ICC,
railroad
construction
132
Bell System
Telephone plant,
telephone and telegraph
Buildings
Outside
plant
133
134
Federal
Highway
Administration
Turner
Construction
Company
Average of
contractor
indexes
(1913 = 100)
135
136
137
iod
98
125.0
114.7
105.5
100.0
95.7
124.0
111.2
104.5
100.0
96.5
125.6
111.8
103.4
100.0
96.1
129
117
106
100
97
1955...
1954...
1953...
1952.-.
1951—
81
79
79
76
73
72.8
70.7
68.8
66.7
64.9
81.5
78.5
77.7
76.4
74.3
74.2
76.4
81.0
84.1
81.7
71
71
72
71
68
413
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
96
95
95
95
95
91.9
88.9
86.5
84.4
83.6
91.1
89.8
89.3
87.2
87.1
90.3
86.9
86.4
84.3
80.7
94
91
89
87
86
1950
1949
1948.1947.-1946.__
68
67
67
60
53
61.2
60.2
58.2
53.0
46.1
67.7
68.6
67.8
65.0
53.0
66.6
73.7
76.4
68.3
60.1
61
59
61
55
46
379
371
375
346
292
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
96
95
93
91
87
83.5
82.6
81.0
78.9
76.6
88.9
86.4
84.4
85.9
86.0
80.0
82.0
85.5
87.7
84.0
85
84
83
83
78
1945...
1944...
1943...
1942—.
1941...
49
46
46
43
37
35.7
31.0
30.2
30.2
27.9
46.1
44.3
42.6
40.9
38.3
55.1
57.1
63.1
55.0
41.1
38
35
37
35
31
246
237
236
229
210
628
CONSTRUCTION
N 132-155
Construction Cost Indexes: 1913 to 1970- -Con.
Series N 118-137.
[1967 = 100]
Year
ICC,
railroad
construction
132
Bell System
Telephone plant,
telephone and telegraph
Buildings
Outside
plant
133
134
Federal
Highway
Administration
Turner
Construction
Company
Average of
contractor
indexes
(1913 = 100)
135
136
137
Year
ICC,
railroad
construction
Federal
Highway
Administration
Turner
Construction
Company
Average of
contractor
indexes
(1913 = 100)
132
135
136
137
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
35
34
34
35
33
27.1
26.4
26.4
25.6
23.3
37.4
37.4
37.4
37.4
34.8
36.1
36.6
36.8
40.1
41.9
28
26
27
28
24
191
184
187
189
169
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
41
42
42
39
43
54.3
57.1
59.6
53.5
58.7
28
28
28
25
26
199
198
196
174
187
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
32
32
31
32
35
22.5
21.7
20.2
20.9
23.3
34.8
35.7
34.8
34.8
35.7
40.7
42.4
38.8
30.9
38.8
23
23
20
20
21
163
163
148
147
163
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
53
44
39
33
27
70.8
54.5
49.2
40.7
35.5
36
28
24
21
18
232
184
176
151
128
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
38
40
40
40
41
26.4
35.7
43.3
46.6
48.1
51.5
52.2
24
27
28
28
28
182
192
193
195
200
1915
1914
1913
25
33.5
14
113
102
100
Series N 138-139.
Building
cost,
Riggleman
(1913 = 100)
Residential
construction
cost, Blank
(1929 = 100)
138
139
170.0
157.0
181.4
76.2
76.1
89.9
202.9
207.0
206.8
206.2
208.0
97.5
100.0
95.9
95.6
96.9
206.7
215.4
214.0
174.5
201.8
96.2
96.9
98.3
87.7
95.4
251.3
212.8
170.9
142.9
118.7
92.1
79.2
66.6
Series N 140-155.
Year
__
Construction Cost Indexes: 1868 to 1933
Building
cost,
Riggleman
(1913 = 100)
Residential
construction
cost, Blank
(1929 = 100)
138
139
Year
Building
cost,
Riggleman
(1913 = 100)
Residential
construction
cost, Blank
(1929 = 100)
Year
138
1916
115.6
57.0
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911__ _ __ _
100.9
98.3
100.0
90.7
93.4
53.5
52.2
51.9
53.8
52.5
1910
1909
1908..
1907
1906
96.3
90.9
97.2
100.6
95.1
53.2
51.4
49.5
51.1
48.9
1905..
1904
1903
1902
1901
1900
90.6
87.4
84.0
83.8
83.6
79.9
44.5
42.5
43.0
41.5
40.1
40.6
1899.
1898
1897.
1896.
74.4
67.5
66.5
68.3
38.5
35.9
34.4
35.1
1895.
1894.
1893.
1892
1891.
69.8
69.2
71.1
70.9
70.9
34.9
35.4
36.7
36.8
37.9
1890
1889.
1888.
1887.
39.2
39.0
1886.
73.3
75.3
75.2
77.8
78.1
1885
1884
73.1
73.3
1883..
1882..
1881..
1880..
1879..
1878..
1877..
1876._
1875._
1874..
1873..
1872 .
1871..
1870.
1869
1868..
Indexes of Wholesale Prices for Construction Materials: 1926 to 1970
[1967 = 100]
Year
Softwood lumber
Building
All
paper
construcand
tion
Millwork P l y w o o d
board
mate- Douglas Southern
rials
pine
fir
Finished
steel products
Structural
shapes
Concrete
NonStrucferrous Plumb- Heating
tural G y p s u m Asphalt
metal
clay
products roofing
ing
equipproducts 2
Rein- products fixtures 1 ment
Ingrediforcing
Products
ents
bars
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
112.5
111.6
105.6
100.0
98.8
108.7
131.7
120.3
100.0
96.8
114.7
126.0
113.7
100.0
100.2
116.0
117.8
105.8
100.0
98.0
108.5
122.5
115.7
100.0
104.0
101.2
105.5
100.9
100.0
100.8
115.3
108.1
101.8
100.0
99.9
110.3
100.3
99.3
100.0
100.8
125.0
113.5
103.5
100.0
100.0
112.5
107.3
103.3
100.0
98.1
110.6
105.4
102.7
100.0
99.8
114.6
106.7
103.2
100.0
98.1
112.2
106.5
102.6
100.0
97.7
109.8
106.2
102.6
100.0
98.2
100.0
103.6
103.6
100.0
99.6
102.9
102.8
103.1
100.0
102.1
1965*
1964
1963
1962
1961
95.8
94.7
93.6
93.4
93.7
92.3
93.1
91.5
88.1
85.6
91.2
89.6
89.5
89.8
89.9
96.0
96.7
92.7
90.7
90.8
103.5
103.5
104.8
103.6
107.3
100.9
102.3
104.4
105.8
109.7
96.2
96.2
94.1
93.4
93.4
99.7
91.5
90.3
99.7
104.8
95.3
87.6
82.0
82.1
83.0
93.3
91.3
90.5
90.6
93.4
98.9
99.2
100.2
100.5
101.8
97.5
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.1
96.3
95.7
96.5
97.3
97.2
96.6
95.8
95.5
95.0
94.2
101.2
105.3
102.5
102.1
101.0
98.7
94.5
95.7
100.9
104.9
See footnotes at end of table.
629
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
Series N 140-155.
Indexes of Wholesale Prices for Construction Materials: 1926 to 1970—Con.
[1967 = 100]
Softwood lumber
All
Building
construcpaper
tion
Mill work P l y w o o d
and
mate- Douglas Southern
board
rials
pine
fir
Year
140
141
142
143
1960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
95.6
97.1
94.0
94.1
94.1
89.3
97.7
85.7
87.3
97.0
93.9
96.4
92.3
93.7
97.5
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
90.4
86.6
86.4
85.2
86.2
97.5
89.2
87.6
95.1
96.1
1950.. .
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
78.9
73.5
75.0
67.7
49.6
87.8
71.2
81.5
71.4
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941.
44.2
43.3
41.8
41.3
38.7
1940.
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
...
Finished
steel products
Structural
shapes
144
145
93.1
92.6
87.3
87.4
88.0
109.6
116.5
110.9
110.0
116.0
110.3
110.8
108.5
107.2
103.7
93.4
93.4
91.4
87.7
76.2
94.2
90.5
94.7
95.6
94.7
87.7
88.9
89.6
86.5
88.7
120.4
117.7
124.8
119.8
131.4
99.1
96.7
91.9
87.4
85.9
88.3
78.7
87.1
79.5
78.2
73.4
71.7
59.4
46.3
121.5
108.6
124.3
109.4
81.5
78.9
77.9
70.4
Concrete
NonStrucferrous Plumb- Heating
tural G y p s u m Asphalt
metal
equipclay
ing
products roofing
Rein- products fixtures 1 ment
products 2
Ingrediforcing
ents
Products
bars
148
149
107.3
107.8
105.4
101.7
93.8
85.9
84.2
79.0
85.0
96.5
93.3
91.9
87.5
92.0
94.7
71.0
67.3
64.7
61.3
60.0
87.8
84.9
77.9
70.0
68.1
88.3
76.8
77.3
76.3
76.8
56.6
62.8
48.1
39.5
64.0
61.9
55.6
48.3
146
147
150
151
152
153
154
105.8
107.9
107.4
108.4
106.9
97.0
95.7
94.8
92.7
89.0
97.2
96.1
94.9
93.6
91.1
93.7
92.2
90.1
89.4
88.1
99.1
99.0
98.2
94.6
94.6
88.7
83.7
82.0
83.1
86.6
102.5
101.8
102.3
101.3
102.0
85.2
82.5
80.1
77.1
77.1
88.0
87.1
85.5
83.4
83.3
83.8
80.5
79.2
77.8
78.0
90.9
90.9
90.1
87.5
87.4
64.4
61.0
65.4
59.1
43.0
76.5
72.6
72.6
67.0
56.0
93.5
92.2
90.1
84.9
72.8
71.8
69.5
63.5
58.1
78.2
76.4
74.7
71.3
62.7
72.1
69.0
67.1
62.3
77.8
76.1
76.8
70.3
41.0
40.7
39.5
39.2
35.8
37.3
37.3
37.4
37.2
36.6
52.5
62.9
55.0
56.6
51.0
55.7
54.3
53.5
53.5
52.0
69.2
59.2
59.2
59.2
57.3
35.5
33.9
33.8
35.7
32.5
31.4
28.8
29.3
32.6
27.2
35.2
34.0
31.7
38.9
31.1
50.0
47.1
47.1
47.7
46.7
51.5
61.7
51.8
61.6
51.7
49.3
55.4
55.6
60.6
60.3
1935.
1934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
..
32.0
32.4
28.9
26.9
29.8
26.3
25.6
24.6
23.4
23.8
29.8
29.4
25.9
21.7
26.9
40.9
46.8
44.8
45.7
56.1
51.6
51.3
48.4
44.5
46.8
56.7
62.1
62.1
61.2
66.3
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
_
33.7
35.8
35.3
35.6
37.5
28.4
30.1
29.9
30.0
30.0
35.9
46.2
40.9
40.4
43.4
59.5
62.8
66.4
65.3
72.9
51.3
51.0
50.7
45.0
46.3
70.4
69.4
70.5
70.5
70.6
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 Includes brass fittings.
630
2
Excludes refractories.
Chapter N
Housing (Series N 156-307)
N 156-169. New housing units started, by ownership, type of structure, location, and construction cost, 1889-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1889-1962, Homing Construction Statistics, 1889 to 1964, tables A - l and A-5; 1963-1970, Construction Reports, Housing Starts, series C 20-73-7, July 1973.
The data for 1889-1919 are from David M . Blank, The Volume of
Residential Construction, 1889-1950, Technical Paper No. 9, National
Bureau of Economic Research, 1954; data for 1920-1929 are from
David L. Wickens and Ray R. Foster, Nonfarm Residential Construction, 1920 -19S6, National Bureau of Economic Research, Bulletin
No. 65, 1937. The data for 1930-1944 are from U.S. Department of
Labor, Comtruction, 1948 in Review, Bulletin No. 983, 1950; data
for 1930-1936 represent a revision by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the Wickens-Foster data. Data for 1945 -1970 are Census Bureau
estimates derived from its monthly estimates based on building permits and supplemented by sample surveys of housing starts in nonpermit-issuing areas. Data for 1945-1958 are revisions of data from
the Bureau of Labor Statistics; detail data, such as number of units
by type of structure, are not available for these years.
For methods used by Blank and Wickens-Foster, see the sources.
Blank's data are based on a comprehensive tabulation of historical
building permit data collected by the Works Progress Administration
and made available by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). For
methods used by BLS, see BLS Bulletin No. 1168, Techniques of
Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series, December 1954, chapter 2.
Basically, compilation of the housing starts series depends on four
steps. First, an estimate is made of the number of housing units
for which building permits have been issued in all permit-issuing
places each month. For the country as a whole, about 85 percent
of the private housing units were constructed in permit-issuing places
in recent years. Since 1967, the series have pertained to approximately 13,000 places identified in 1967 as having local building permit
systems. Coverage from 1963 to 1967 was based on a permit-issuing
universe of 12,000 places, identified as permit-issuing in 1962. Back
to 1959, the series relate to the 10,000 places identified as permitissuing in 1959. Prior to 1959, 6,600 places was the universe. Second, a survey is made each month in a sample of permit places. In
each place, a sample of building permits is selected each month and
an inquiry is made of the owner or the builder to find out whether
and when the units covered by the permits have been started. From
this sample of permits, ratios are calculated, by type of structure, of
the number of units started to the number of units covered by permits.
These ratios are then applied to the total number of units authorized
by permits in the corresponding months to provide estimates of the
total number of units started each month with permit authorization.
Third, the estimates of the number of one-family units started in
each month with permit authorization are adjusted upward by 3.3
percent to take care of the units started within permit-issuing areas
but without permit authorization. The fourth step in estimating
total housing starts is to estimate the number of units started in
areas where building permit systems do not exist. In a sample of
100 areas, visits are made to a select group of persons who are presumed most likely to know about local housing activities. A list
is obtained from them of all residential buildings they know to have
been started within the nonpermit portions of these areas during the
preceding month. Within those portions of the sample area, a subsample of areas is canvassed for all units started since the previous
month, identifying those not reported by the sources as well as those
reported by them. This canvass provides a basis for estimating the
number of units not reported by the local sources. The number of
units not reported is then added to the number of units reported, to
provide an estimate of total housing starts in areas not covered by
building permit systems.
The housing units covered in these series are permanent housekeeping units in new residential structures. Excluded are temporary
units; accommodations without housekeeping facilities such as transient hotels, dormitories, and clubhouses; mobile homes, trailers, houseboats, sheds, and shacks used for housing purposes; units provided
by conversion of existing structures; and housing units in nonresidential structures such as factories, warehouses, or public buildings.
For regional estimates of the number of new private nonfarm
housing units started, 1920-1950, see Leo Grebler, David M . Blank,
and Louis Winnick, Capital Formation in Residential Real Estate:
Trends and Prospects, Princeton University Press, 1956, table H - l .
Regional estimates for later years appear in Bureau of the Census,
Construction Reports, series C 20.
N 157-158, new housing units started, by ownership. For bases
of estimates for privately financed housing units, see text for series
N 156-169. Publicly owned housing includes housing units in buildings for which construction contracts were awarded by Federal, State,
or local governments. Information on public housing is obtained,
for the most part, from the agencies involved, e.g., Department of
Housing and Urban Development, Department of Defense, New
York City Housing Authority, and others. The criterion for classifying housing units as public is ownership of the facilities rather than
the source of funds. Thus, low-rent housing projects owned by local
housing authorities are classified as public even though they may be
financed by local bonds issued to private investors, and military
housing units owned by the Department of Defense are also classified
as public even though they may be financed by mortgages held by
private lending institutions. Figures exclude temporary dwellings
built during the defense period and World War II fl940's), veterans
temporary re-use housing (see text for series N 186-191), and temporary structures on military posts and similar installations. Units
in structures built by private developers for sale upon completion
to local public housing authorities under the Department of Housing
and Urban Development "Turnkey" program are classified as private
housing.
N 162-163, new housing units started, by location. The distribution of housing starts between units inside and outside standard
metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) is based on the definitions
published by the Office of Management and Budget in Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
Data for 1959-1960 are based on
1959 definitions; for 1961-1963 on 1961 definitions; for January 1964March 1968 on 1964 definitions; and for April 1968 -1970 on 1967
definitions. The term, "urban" was applied to all incorporated
places with a population of 2,500 or more and to a relatively small
number of areas urban under special rule. "Iiural-nonfarm" housing
included all housing (except farm housing) in unincorporated areas
and in incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants. This
classification for 1920-1929 was based on the 1930 Census of Population and for 1930-1944 on the 1940 census. This classification system was abandoned in 1954 because of the difficulties of resolving
differences between the geographic areas used for building permit
systems and the urban areas as newly defined in the 1950 census.
Beginning in 1950, housing starts have been classified by those inside
and.outside the standard metropolitan statistical areas.
N 164-169, construction cost. The construction cost data for the
privately owned units are not reported directly but are based on
permit valuations adjusted for understatement of construction cost
631
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
and relationship between costs in permit places and nonpermit areas.
They cover the cost of labor, material, and subcontracted work, and
that part of the builder's overhead and profit chargeable directly
to the building of the housing units started. Included is the cost of
equipment which becomes an integral part of the housing unit and is
essential to its general use. Excluded are the costs of land, site
improvement, architectural fees, and sales profit.
The data for the publicly owned units are based on contract award
values or estimated construction costs for individual projects, as
reported by the several agencies administering the various public
housing programs.
The source, Housing Construction Statistics, 1889 to 196It, was
designed as an historical supplement to the current data issued by
the Bureau of the Census in three publication series of its Construction Reports program—Housing Starts, series C 20; Building Permits,
Housing Authorized in Individual Permit-Issuing Places, series C
40; and Building Permits, Housing Authorized in Permit-Issuing
Places, Summary Statistics, series C 42.
N 170.
Mobile home shipments, 1947-1970.
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
HUD Statistical Yearbook, annual issues.
Statistics on manufacturers' shipments of mobile homes are provided by the Mobile Home Manufacturers' Association, and include
estimates for firms not associated with the M H M A . Mass production of 10-foot wide homes began in 1955; 12-foot wide homes in
1962.
Manufacturers' shipments of mobile homes are included in this
volume because an addition to the housing supply is made by mobile
homes as well as by the construction of new housing units. Some of
the mobile homes, however, are used as seasonal homes and second
homes and do not add to the supply of housing units occupied as
usual places of residence. Furthermore, some are used for nonresidential purposes. The number of mobile homes used in these
ways is not now known.
N 171-179. New publicly owned housing starts, by ownership and
program, 1949-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce, Construction Review,
monthly issues.
These series, which are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of the Census,
represent an actual count of publicly owned housing starts as reported by the Public Housing Administration (PHA), the Defense
Department, the New York City Housing Authority, and other State
and local housing authorities. Publicly owned housing units were
not reported separately until 1935. It is considered that the volume
of permanent publicly owned housing units prior to 1935 is insignificant. Housing provided under the Federal emergency programs,
including those of World War II, consisted largely of units in temporary or converted structures and, therefore, are not included in
the permanent units shown. Type of program data, i.e., Federal,
State, or local, are not available for publicly owned housing prior to
1949.
N 180-185. Privately owned housing units in major Federal programs,
1935-1970.
Source: All series except N 181 and N 185, U.S. Housing and Home
Finance Agency, 1935-1956, Annual Report, 1956, tables A-6, A-37,
A-42, and A-54; 1957, Annual Report, 1957, tables A-7, A-48, A-53,
and A-68; 1958-1963, Annual Report, 196k, table III-3; 1964-1970,
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1970 HUD
Statistical Yearbook, tables 146, 160, 162, and 164. Series N 181
and N 185, U.S. Veterans Administration, Loan Guaranty Service,
unpublished data.
Figures are based on reports of the agencies administering the
programs. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the
Veterans Administration (VA) are agencies which insure or guarantee
loans made by private lenders.
632
N 180-181, new privately owned units started under FHA and
VA. Data are based on monthly reports of these agencies. These
reports are based on the first of several inspections of newly started
units required by the agencies, the timing of which coincides roughly
with the definition of housing starts by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
and the Bureau of the Census.
The figures may be used roughly to derive the units started under
FHA and VA as a percentage of all private housing starts. However,
an unknown number of units started under FHA or VA inspection
is sold later for cash or with conventional (uninsured or unguaranteed)
mortgage loans. On the other hand, the number of units started
under the FHA program understates the role of FHA inasmuch as
previously unoccupied (new) houses, for which the builder did not
apply for FHA insurance before construction, are classified by FHA
as "existing construction" when the houses are sold later with F H A insured loans. In 1956, about one-fifth of the FHA units classified
as "existing construction" were previously unoccupied (new). However, by 1970, such previously unoccupied (new) units amounted to
less than 3 percent of those classified under "existing construction."
For problems of coverage and comparability, see Department of
Commerce and Department of Labor, Construction Review, " F H A
and VA Housing Statistics and the Housing Market," June 1957.
N 182-185, new and existing privately owned units covered by
loans under FHA and VA. Data are based on monthly reports
of these agencies and refer to loans on both new and existing construction at the time such loans were closed or actually insured.
FHA "homes" include 1- to 4-famiIy dwellings; FHA "rental projects"
include structures having 5 or more dwelling units. Practically all
VA loans are on single-family dwellings. The VA program was
authorized in 1944 and the small 1944 activity is included in 1945.
N 186-191. Low-rent public housing units, by progress stage, and war
and defense housing and veterans housing units available for
occupancy, 1941-1970.
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,
Housing and Mortgage Credit-FHA, HUD Statistical Yearbook,
various issues.
These data comprise low-rent, publicly financed housing units
occupied or available for occupancy, units to be constructed, and
units that were to go directly under management since they needed
no rehabilitation. The data are not comparable with series N 156-159
which relate to new construction starts and include all publicly
financed units (Federal, State, and local).
N 192-195. Nonfarm dwelling units standing and selected components of change, 1890-1950.
Source: Leo Grebler, David M. Blank, and Louis Winnick, Capital
Formation in Residential Real Estate: Trends and Prospects, Princeton
University Press, 1956, tables 15 and A-l (copyright, National Bureau
of Economic Research, New York).
Estimates do not represent all components of change in the nonfarm housing inventory; that is, the units added through new construction or conversion minus the units destroyed through demolition
or disaster losses during a certain period do not equal the net change
in the inventory during the same period. This difference is due
mainly to the following factors: (1) The net change in the nonfarm
housing inventory reflects the reclassification of farm dwellings, as
farmland is absorbed in suburban and urban development; (2) the
inventory includes temporary dwelling units, shacks, trailers, and
dwellings in nonresidential buildings such as factories or warehouses,
which are not included in the estimates of housing starts; (3) the
periods of the inventory estimates are not fully reconcilable with the
calendar-year estimates of new or converted units and of demolitions;
(4) minor changes in census definitions; and (5) deficiencies of estimates, particularly for conversions and demolitions. For a reconciliation of the net change in inventory and the various components
HOUSING
N 192-215
measures are derived by valuing all assets at the prices of a specific
period (1958 prices in these series) regardless of their actual prices
in the years of original purchase. To calculate constant-cost stocks,
the gross investment flows must be expressed in constant prices.
This is done by applying appropriate price indexes to the currentN 192, dwelling units standing. Estimates for 1890-1920 are
dollar investment flows. The constant-cost stock measures the
based on David L. Wickens, Residential Real Estate, National Bureau
physical volume of residential capital.
of Economic Research, 1941, p. 55. The 1890 and 1900 estimates
Beginning with 1963, the current-dollar residential investment
apply to June 1, the 1910 estimate to April 15, and the 1920 estimate
series which are components of the gross national product (GNP)
to January 1. The data were derived by dividing Wickens' estimates
are deflated by the Census Bureau's price index for new 1-family
of nonfarm private families (now termed households) by the ochouses. Data for years prior to 1963 are deflated by a privately
cupancy ratios implicit in Wickens' vacancy estimates. The estimate
compiled residential construction cost index.
for 1930 applies to April and is based on figures in the Bureau of Labor
Estimates of gross stocks were derived by using the perpetual
Statistics Bulletin cited above, p. 12. The 1940 and 1950 figures
inventory method. This method cumulates past flows of residential
apply to April 1 and are from the Sixteenth Census of the United States:
investment and deducts the investment discarded from the stock.
191*0, Housing, vol. II, part 1, p. 10, and U.S. Census of Housing:
T o illustrate, assume a constant rate of investment of $10 million
1950, vol. I, p. 3.
per year in a new type of residential structure with a life of 40 years.
N 193-194, units added during period. For certain periods, the
Abstracting from price changes, the gross stock of this type of strucnumber of "new units" shown for series N 193 varies from the estiture, calculated as the difference between cumulated past investment
mated number of permanent dwelling units started as shown for
and cumulated discards, would equal $10 million at the end of year
series N 156. Only for 1890-1919 is there exact agreement as both
1, $20 million at the end of year 2, and so on, reaching $400 million
series for this period are based on the same sources using the same
at the end of year 40. In succeeding years, the stock would stay at
concepts and definitions. A slight difference for 1920-1929 is due
$400 million as annual investment was offset by annual discards.
to varying estimates for the year 1920. The differences for later
Under this "gross" concept, an asset enters the stock with a specific
periods reflect mainly the factors outlined above under (2) and (5).
value and carries that value as long as it is in the stock. In other
words, assets in the gross stock are not adjusted for any physical
N 195, units demolished or destroyed during period. The 1940wear and tear or obsolescence which may occur during their lives.
1949 estimate is designated in the source as a "preliminary estimate
Net stock measures, on the other hand, represent the depreciated
by an interdepartmental committee of Federal agencies," but no
value of the capital stock. There is no general agreement as to the
revision of it was made thereafter.
correct method of computing economic depreciation, the value of
productive services of an asset used up each year. One widely acN 196-199. Nonfarm residential wealth, 1889-1953.
cepted accounting method uses the "straight line" pattern, which
assumes equal dollar depreciation each year over the life of the asset.
Source: See Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195,
Another important method uses the "declining balance" pattern,
table D - l , columns 1, 2, 4, and 5.
which assumes equal percentage depreciation each year over the life
Estimates are for housekeeping dwellings, i.e., do not cover transient
of the asset. The annual declining balance depreciation charge for
hotels, clubs, motels, dormitories, and similar facilities. For an
an asset will equal a certain fixed percentage of the net (depreciated)
alternative estimate of nonfarm residential wealth, see series F 422value of the asset at the beginning of the year.
469.
The depreciation method used here to compute the net stock
N 197-198, structures. The value of structures in 1929 dollars
estimates was of the declining balance type. A rate of 2 percent
was obtained by adding to an estimate for the end of 1889 annual
per year was applied to the net value of 1-4 unit structures and 2.4
estimates of net capital formation in constant dollars (shown in table
percent per year to the net value of housekeeping structures with
B-8 of the source). The initial estimate for the end of 1889 is based
5 or more units. These rates are consistent with the evidence proon the average value of owner-occupied nonfarm mortgaged homes
vided in several studies conducted in the 1930's which shows that
reported in the 1890 Census Report, Real Estate Mortgages (see pp.
depreciation of residential housekeeping structures tended to follow
364-365 of the source). The value of structures in current dollars
a declining balance formula with the annual rate of depreciation
was obtained by adjusting the value in constant dollars by use of
in the neighborhood of 2 percent of the net value.
the construction cost index given in series N 121 and N 139.
The depreciation rates used for nonhousekeeping residential strucN 199, land. Estimates are based on ratios of land value to total
tures and mobile homes are higher, because of the shorter service
property value, i.e., land and structures, which are estimated to
lives involved. For all types of residential capital, the declining
have declined from 40 percent in 1890 to 16.9 percent in 1953, with
balance depreciation rates used in this study are equivalent to roughly
the move to the suburbs accounting for most of this trend. According
\)4 times the first year percentage depreciation under straight line
to the source (appendix D, p. 364), the ratios are "based on Federal
method.
Housing Administration appraisal data and tax assessment data from
The current-dollar value of the total stock of residential structures
a number of cities which permit the separation of residential from
increased from $80 billion in 1925 to $800 billion in 1970. About
other real estate. These data do not extend back of the thirties
five-sixths of this increase was due to price increases, while about
but, together with the bench-mark estimate for the twenties and one
one-sixth represented growth of the real net stock.
for 1907, are sufficient to approximate both the level of the ratio and
Several fairly distinct periods of price change can be identified. In
the direction of the trend." The estimates are fully explained in
the late 1920's, prices changed little and the increase in the currentLouis Winnick, Wealth Estimates for Residential Real Estate, 1890dollar net stock was due almost entirely to an increase in the real
1950, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 1953.
stock. On the other hand, virtually all of the 25 percent drop in the
current-dollar stock from 1929 to 1934 was due to a decrease in the
N 200-215. Value of gross and net stocks of residential structures
price level, and price increases accounted for virtually all of the douin current and constant (1958) dollars, 1925-1970.
bling in value of the stock between 1934 and 1945.
About three-fourths of the increase in the current-dollar net stock
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current
since 1945 has been due to inflation. Price increases were particularly
Business, November 1971, pp. 24-25.
significant in the growth of the stock in the immediate postwar period
Constant-cost (or "real" or "physical-volume") capital stock
and in the 1960's, but during the 1950's the growth of the real net
of change for 1930-1939, see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Serial No. R.
1421, "Housing and the Increase in Population," 1942. For a similar
reconciliation for 1940-1949, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick (cited
above), appendix A and appendix D, especially table D 4.
633
N
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
118-137
stock accounted for 60 percent of the increase in the current-dollar
stock.
The Nation's stock of housing has been and continues to be composed predominantly of 1-4 unit structures, most of which are singlefamily houses. At the end of 1970, private nonfarm 1-4 unit structures accounted for 81 percent of the value of the constant-dollar
gross stock of residential structures. Privately owned apartment
buildings (structures with 5 or more units) formed the next largest
component, accounting for 9 percent of the stock. Farm housing
accounted for 4 percent of the stock, while public housing, mobile
homes, and private nonhousekeeping residential structures each
accounted for about 2 percent.
The annual investment flows used in implementing the perpetual
inventory method were those which enter the estimates of the GNP
beginning 1929 and are taken from the following sources: The National
Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-65, Statistical
Tables, and July issues of the Survey of Current Business.
See also text for series F 470-534.
N 216-231.
Mean age of stocks of residential structures, 1925-1970.
Source: See source for series N 200-215.
Information on the age structure of capital stocks is useful in
analyzing the condition of the housing stock. Three measures of
age structure are presented in the source: The ratio of net to gross
stocks, the age distribution of the gross stock, and the average age
of gross and net stocks, which is presented here. The net/gross
ratios show the extent to which the services available in new residential capital remain intact, while the average age provides information
on the absolute ages of gross and net stocks. These two measures
can be used interchangeably for many purposes, but each of them also
provides specific information. The age distribution of the gross
stock shows the proportion of the stock that is of a given age.
The data on the age structure of the gross stock show the effect
of the curtailment of residential investment in the depression and
World War II years and of the boom in the postwar years. The
average age of the gross stock of residential structures increased
from 27 years in 1925 to 34 years in 1945. The average age has since
declined until in recent years it has approached the level of the late
1920's. The average age of the gross stock of private apartment
structures (5 or more units) increased from 15 years in the late 1920's
to 26 years by the end of World War II. This trend continued until
1958, when the average age was almost 30 years. As a result of the
boom in apartment construction in the 1960's, the average age had
declined to 20 years by 1970. In 1970, over half of the gross stock of
private apartments had been built in the past ten years. Farm
housing, the oldest component of the stock, has steadily increased in
age. More than half of the gross stock in 1970 was over 50 years of
age.
See also text for series F 470-534 and N 200-215.
N 232-237.
Comparison of residential wealth estimates, 1890-1950.
Source: See Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195,
table D-3.
There are basically two procedures for estimating residential
wealth (as well as other wealth components). One procedure uses
a benchmark estimate of wealth in an initial year and adds to it
the yearly net capital increments. This procedure yields cumulated
wealth estimates, series N 232-234. The other procedure is based
on census or similar estimates of wealth at different dates, benchmark
wealth estimates, series N 235-237. For a description of the conceptual and estimating problems involved in these two procedures
and for the sources of the estimates, see appendix D of the source.
The juxtaposition of wealth estimates derived by various methods
indicates clearly the fairly large variations that may result from the
employment of these methods, and should caution the user against
placing excessive confidence in any particular wealth figures.
634
N 238-245.
Occupied housing units and tenure of homes, 1890-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1890-1950, except 1910 and
1945, U.S. Census of Housing: 1950, vol. I, part 1, tables J and L ;
1945, Special Census Reports on Housing, "Characteristics of Occupied
Dwelling Units for the United States: November 1945," series H
46, No. 1; 1956, National Housing Inventory, Components of Change:
1950-1956; 1960 and 1970, U.S. Census of Housing: 1960, vol. I, part
1 and 1970, vol. I, part 1. The 1910 figure for farm population, series
N 239, is an estimate which appears in Leon E. Truesdell, Farm
Population of the United States, 1920, Census Monographs VI, Washington, D.C., 1926, p. 45. The 1910 figure for nonfarm population
was derived by subtracting the estimated farm population from the
total population.
The first nationwide census of housing was taken in 1940. In
1940, 1950, 1956, 1960, and 1970, a housing (dwelling) unit was
defined in general as the living quarters occupied or intended for
occupancy by one household. Figures for 1890 to 1930 rest on the
fairly close correspondence between the concept of occupied housing
unit used in the housing censuses since 1940 and concepts used in
previous censuses of population. Perfect comparability of all the
figures in the series is not possible because of various relatively minor
changes in definition. The figures for 1890, 1910, and 1920 include
the small number of institutions, hotels, military installations, dormitories, etc., which were not included in the counts for any of the other
years. For 1940, 1960, and 1970, the count of occupied housing
units includes living quarters with five lodgers or more whereas for
1950 and 1956 such living quarters were not included.
For all years, the figures for population per occupied housing unit were
obtained by dividing the total population by the number of occupied
housing units. The figures for 1950-1970 shown here are not identical
with the population per occupied housing unit as shown in the census
volumes because the latter figures were derived by dividing the total
population living in occupied housing units by the number of occupied
units.
The number of occupied housing units is closely comparable to
the number of households as shown in series A 288. Since 1950, the
number of occupied housing units has been identical by definition
to the number of households. The small difference between the
number of households and the number of occupied housing units is
due to occasional errors in the separate tabulation processes of the
census of population and the census of housing. In 1940, small
differences existed by definition between the number of occupied
housing units and the number of households. The usual occupants
of a housing unit who were temporarily away and were enumerated
elsewhere were included in the count of households but their housing
unit was not considered to be occupied. In addition, a small number
of lodginghouses in 1940 (those with 11 or more lodgers) were counted
as occupied units, but the heads of these units were not counted as
household heads. The figures shown for occupied dwelling units for
1890-1930 are identical to those shown for heads of households in
series A 288.
With reference to the farm-nonfarm classification, enumeration
of the 1960 and 1970 censuses was conducted primarily through selfenumeration; however, enumerators in the National Housing Inventory of 1956 and the 1950 census were specifically instructed to base
the classification of a dwelling unit on the respondent's answer to the
question, " I s this house on a farm?" Farm residence was, therefore,
determined without regard to the occupation of the members of the
household. Housing units located on farmland for which cash rent
was paid for the house and yard only, and housing units on institutional grounds and in summer camps and tourist courts, were classed
as nonfarm, regardless of the answer to the foregoing question.
For 1960 and 1970, occupied housing units were classified as farm
units if they were located on places of 10 or more acres from which
sales of farm products amounted to $50 or more in 1959 and 1969,
respectively; or on places of less than 10 acres from which sales of farm
products amounted to $250 or more in 1959 and 1969, respectively.
HOUSING
For 1930-1950, "farm" consists of rural-farm units only. The
classification "rural farm" used in 1950 differs slightly from that
used in 1940. As a result, there was, in 1950, an expansion in the
urban fringe of cities, tending to reduce the number of farms. On
the other hand, in 1940 some areas were classified as urban which
were not so classified in 1950. Thus, the differences partly offset
each other. In addition, the number of farms was reduced in 1950
by the exclusion of renter-occupied units on farms paying rent for
the use of house and yard only.
A housing unit is classified as owner occupied if it is owned wholly
or in part by the head of the household or by some related member
of his family living in the housing unit. A cooperative or condominium unit is owner occupied only if the owner or co-owner lives in
it. All other occupied units are renter occupied whether or not cash
rent is actually paid.
N 246-258.
Housing units vacancy rates, by region, 1940-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1940, U.S. Census of Housing,
vol. II, part 1, table 28; 1950, U.S. Census of Housing, vol. I, part
1, table 17; 1956-1970, Current Housing Reports, Housing Vacancies,
series H 111, No. 43, tables F and 1 and series H 111-73-5, tables 1 and
4.
A housing unit is vacant if no one is living in it at the time of enumeration, unless its occupants are only temporarily absent. In addition, a vacant unit may be one which is entirely occupied by persons
who have a usual residence elsewhere. New units not yet occupied
are classified as vacant housing units if construction has reached a
point where all exterior windows and doors are installed and final
usable floors are in place. Vacant units are excluded if unfit for
human habitation, that is, roof, walls, windows or doors no longer
protect the interior from the elements, or if there is positive evidence
(such as a sign on the house or in the block) that the unit is to be
demolished or is condemned. Also excluded are quarters being used
entirely for nonresidential purposes, such as a store or an office, or
quarters used for storage of business supplies or inventory, machinery,
or agricultural products. Vacant sleeping rooms in lodging houses,
transient accommodations, barracks, and other quarters not defined
as housing units are not included in these series.
Homeowner vacancy rate. The percentage relationship between
the vacant units for sale and the total homeowner inventory is termed
the homeowner vacancy rate. It is computed by dividing the number
of vacant units for sale by the total homeowner units. The total
homeowner units comprise owner-occupied units, vacant units sold
and awaiting occupancy, and the vacant units for sale. Vacant
units that are seasonal or held off the market are excluded. Vacant
units for sale that were rated as dilapidated are also excluded.
Rental vacancy rale. The percentage relationship of the vacant
units for rent to the total rental inventory is termed the rental vacancy
rate. It is computed by dividing the number of vacant units for
rent by the total rental units. Total rental units comprise renteroccupied units, vacant units rented but not yet occupied at the time
of enumeration, and the vacant units for rent. Excluded are seasonal
vacant units, units held off the market, and vacant units rated as
dilapidated.
Year-round vacant units are those intended for occupancy at any
time of the year, even though they may not be in use the year round.
In resort areas, a housing unit which is usually occupied on a yearround basis was considered a year-round unit. On the other hand, a
housing unit located in the closely built-up area of a nonresort city
was considered a "year-round" unit even though it may be occupied
only part of the year.
Seasonal housing units are those intended for occupancy during
only a season of the year and are found primarily in resort areas. In
farm areas, housing units used for only a portion of the year to house
migratory workers employed during the crop season are classified as
seasonal.
The enumeration of vacant units in the 1950 Census of Housing
N 246-261
was not entirely comparable with the procedures used in 1940 nor
with those used in the Current Population Survey to obtain the data
for 1956-1970. In 1950, all vacant units, whether or not dilapidated,
were included if they were intended for occupancy as living quarters.
Where there was little or no demand for housing, many houses were
not enumerated because they were used for storage or were abandoned
and no longer intended for occupancy as living quarters.
N 259-261.
General note.
The development of price indexes for any kind of urban real estate
is unusually difficult because of the great heterogeneity of the product
and the local nature of real estate markets. The problem of heterogeneity is somewhat less serious in the case of 1-family houses. For
a discussion of the conceptual difficulties of using construction cost
indexes for measuring price changes for homes and of distinguishing
between prices for new and old homes, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick
(cited as source for series N 192-195), appendix C. Only a few
attempts have been made to measure price changes of urban real
estate. For additional data of this type, see Herman Wyngarden,
"An Index of Local Real Estate Prices," Michigan Business Studies,
vol. 1, No. 2, University of Michigan, Bureau of Business Research,
1927; William M. Hoad, Real Estate Prices, a Study of Residential
Real Estate Transfers in Lucas County, Ohio, unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Michigan, 1942; and data for Cleveland
and Seattle given in Grebler-Blank-Winnick, table C-2. See also
Ernest M. Fisher, Urban Real Estate Markets: Characteristics and
Financing, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1951, pp. 51-56.
Beginning 1963, the Bureau of the Census has developed a price
index for new 1-family houses sold, including value of lot on a 1967 =
100 base. See U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce, Construction
Review, May 1974, p. 58.
N 259-260.
1934.
Price indexes for 1-family owner-occupied houses, 1890-
Source: See Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195,
tables C - l and C-3.
Unadjusted figures were derived from detailed information for a
sample of residential properties in 22 cities in Department of Commerce, Financial Survey of Urban Housing, 19S7. This survey,
among other things, ascertained the value of the property in 1934, the
year of acquisition by the then-present owner, and original cost to
the owner at time of acquisition, regardless of whether the house was
new or old at that time. From these data, a relative for each year
was calculated for each city, based on the ratio of the total acquisition
cost of the single-family owner-occupied houses acquired in each
given year in a given city to their value in 1934. The unadjusted
figures are median relatives derived from the data for all of the 22
cities and are subject to a downward bias due to the changing age
structure of properties included in each year's sample, and to an
upward bias due to value increments in the form of structural additions and alterations. The adjusted figures are corrected for the
resulting net downward bias, by allowing 1% percent compound
annual depreciation. See the source, appendix C, for details of
correction.
N 261. Median asking price for existing 1-family houses, Washington,
D.C., 1918-1947.
Source: Ernest M. Fisher, Urban Real Estate Markets: Characteristics and Financing, National Bureau of Economic Research, New
York, 1951, table 6 (copyright).
This series represents the results of an experimental study by the
National Housing Agency (a predecessor of the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development) of a sample of newspaper advertisements. Similar experimental indexes, but for shorter periods,
were developed for 100 metropolitan areas. The principal limitations
of the study, fully recognized by the originating source, are as follows:
635
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION A N D HOUSING
(1) Because of the changing composition of the sample, the type
of houses included may vary from period to period. Consequently,
fluctuations in median prices may be due either to change in asking
prices or to change in the type of houses advertised; (2) because of the
omission of houses advertised without listing price and of houses sold
without newspaper advertisement, a sizable segment of total sales is
not considered in the series; and (3) there may be cyclical differences
in the spread between asking prices and selling prices.
N 262-272. Residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding, by type
of holder, 1890-1970.
Source: 1890-1952, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series
N 192-195, tables N - l and N-2; 1952-1956, Saul B. Klaman, The
Volume of Mortgage Debt in the Postwar Decade: Appraisal and Development of Statistics, Technical Paper 13, National Bureau of Economic
Research, New York, 1958 (copyright); 1956-1970, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, various
monthly issues.
The Grebler-Blank-Winnick estimates are based largely on Raymond W. Goldsmith, A Study of Saving in the United States, vol. I,
Princeton University Press, 1955. Because of the paucity of reliable
data, particularly for earlier years, and the consequent employment
of ratios found for benchmark years and interpolations or extrapolations, the estimates must be used with caution. The Grebler-BlankWinnick figures were slightly modified to take account of later revisions by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) of its
estimates of debt on 1- to 4-family houses for 1938-1952; see Federal
Home Loan Bank Board, Estimated Home Mortgage Debt and Financing Activity, 1955 (release, March 1956).
The study by Klaman contains alternative estimates for 1945-1952
which are not entirely comparable with the figures shown here. Because of new information and improved estimating techniques, these
data are superior to those in Grebler-Blank-Winnick for overlapping
years. The differences reflect mainly lower estimates by Klaman
for the mortgage debt on multifamily residences and are fully explained in Klaman's paper. The Klaman paper presents also a
comprehensive methodology and a more detailed classification of
mortgage debt estimates. See also J. E. Morton, Urban Mortgage
Lending: Comparative Markets and Experience, Princeton University
Press, 1956.
Federal Reserve Board figures are based on data from the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation, Departments of Agriculture and
Commerce, Federal National Mortgage Association, Government
National Mortgage Association, Federal Housing Administration,
Public Housing Administration, Veterans Administration, Federal
Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Comptroller of the Currency,
Federal Home Loan Bank Board, and the Institute of Life Insurance.
N 262, total debt, including real estate bonds. For 1910-1949, the
underlying estimates for real estate bonds outstanding on residential
property are those of Goldsmith, table R-43. For 1950-1952, figures
are estimates based on extrapolation of Goldsmith's data for 19461949 for total bonds and assume that 40 percent of these were secured
by residential property. This is the ratio applied by Goldsmith for
1910-1949. For the 1890-1909 figures, it was assumed that there
were no residential real estate bonds outstanding.
N 263, total debt, excluding real estate bonds. For 1890-1920,
figures are based on Goldsmith's estimates of the residential mortgage
debt (table R-40) for 1890 and 1920 modified as explained in appendix
L of Grebler-Blank-Winnick. The annual estimates between 1890
and 1920 are derived, following Goldsmith's procedures, by interpolating the ratios of nonfarm residential to total nonfarm mortgage debt
between the ratios for the two benchmark years. For 1921-1924,
figures are those of Goldsmith, derived by interpolation between the
1920 estimate and the 1925 estimate, except that revised FHLBB
data for the 1925 debt on 1- to 4-family houses were used. For basis
of 1925-1952 figures, see text for series N 273-275 and N 276-277.
N 264-265, noninstitutional and institutional debt.
636
Noninstitu-
tional figures represent the difference between series N 263 and N
265. Institutional figures are the sum of series N 266-272. The
estimates for noninstitutional debt are probably the weakest component from the viewpoint of reliability. They represent largely a
residual derived from the independent estimates of total debt and
those of institutional holdings. Data for 1956-1970 include estimates
for insurance companies other than life, mortgage companies, pension
funds, credit unions, and installment investment companies.
N 266, debt held by commercial banks. For 1896-1924, figures
are based on estimates of total nonfarm mortgages of operating and
closed commercial banks shown in Grebler-Blank-Winnick, tables
N-10 and N-12, with the 1925 ratio of residential to total nonfarm
mortgages for operating banks applied to the entire period. For
1925-1952, figures represent the sum of (1) FHLBB estimates of
the holdings of mortgages on 1- to 4-family housing by operating
commercial banks, plus those of closed banks (given in GreblerBlank-Winnick, table N-12), and (2) FHLBB estimates for 1925-1934
and of the Federal Reserve Board for 1935-1952. For 1953-1956,
figures are from Klaman, table 4.
N 267, debt held by mutual savings banks. For 1896-1924, figures
are based on estimates of total nonfarm mortgages held by mutual
savings banks shown in Grebler-Blank-Winnick, table N-8, and on
the application of the 1925 ratio of residential to total nonfarm mortgages. For 1925-1938, figures are the sum of (1) FHLBB estimates
for mortgages on 1- to 4-family housing and (2) estimates of multifamily residential mortgages based on recent ratios of such mortgages
to total nonfarm mortgages other than those on 1- to 4-family housing.
For 1939-1952, figures are from Federal Reserve Bulletin, March
1954, p. 289 and for 1953-1956, are from Klaman, table 4.
N 268, debt held by savings and loan associations. For 1896-1924,
figures are from Goldsmith, table M-4. For most of the period, these
estimates are derived by applying to aggregate assets of savings and
loan associations the ratio of mortgage loans obtained from a sample
of States accounting for nearly two-thirds of aggregate savings and
loan assets. For 1925-1950, figures are FHLBB estimates plus the
holdings of closed savings and loan associations as given in GreblerBlank-Winnick, table N-12. For 1951 and 1952, figures are FHLBB
estimates.
N 269, debt held by life insurance companies. For 1896-1924,
figures are based on estimates of total nonfarm mortgages held by
life insurance companies, given in Grebler-Blank-Winnick, table N-9,
and application of the 1925 ratio of residential to total holdings. For
1925-1952, figures are the sum of (1) FHLBB estimates of holdings
of mortgages on 1- to 4-family houses and (2) estimates of mortgages
on multifamily residential property. The latter are from Goldsmith,
table M-10, for 1925-1937; from a FHLBB release, Mortgage Investr
ments of Life Insurance Companies, 1951, for 1938-1951; and from
the Institute of Life Insurance for 1952. For 1953-1956, figures
are from Klaman, table 4.
N 270, debt held by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC).
Figures are from reports of HOLC and include outstandings on both
original HOLC loans and on loans originating from the sale of property acquired by HOLC through foreclosure or similar proceedings.
N 271, debt held by the Federal National Mortgage Association
(FNMA). Figures are from reports of F N M A and cover all programs of that agency. Under law, only mortgage loans insured by
the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans
Administration are eligible for purchase by FNMA. Beginning
1968, " o l d " F N M A was split between F N M A and the Government
National Mortgage Association.
N 272, debt held by other institutions. Figures for 1896-1952
combine data given separately in the source for insurance companies
other than life, mortgage companies, and installment investment
companies. Figures for 1956-1970, provided by the Federal Reserve
Board, include only data for other Federal agencies (Veterans Administration, Federal Housing Administration, Federal National
HOUSING
Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation,
and Government National Mortgage Association (guaranteed pools)).
N 273-275. Residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding on 1to 4-family homes, 1925-1970.
Source: 1925-1955, U.S. Housing and Home Finance Agency,
Annual Report, 1956, table A-24; 1956-1970, Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, various
monthly issues.
The total debt on 1- to 4-family structures is estimated by the
Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) in its annual releases,
"Estimated Home Mortgage Debt and Financing Activity." Mainly
because such property may be owner occupied, tenant occupied, or
vacant, the data are not comparable to census figures on mortgage
debt of owner-occupied housing. The estimates are based on reports
to FHLBB of savings and loan associations, mortgage investment data
reported by life insurance companies, information on mutual savings
banks' holdings from call reports and other data collated by FHLBB,
similar information collated by the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System for commercial banks, financial statements of the
Home Owners' Loan Corporation, the Federal National Mortgage
Association, and the Government National Mortgage Association, and
less reliable information for holdings of individuals and others. The
latter group includes mortgages held by trusts and trust departments
of commercial banks, pension funds, philanthropic and educational
institutions, casualty and fire insurance companies, real estate and
mortgage companies, RFC Mortgage Company, Federal Housing
Administration (FHA) and Veterans Administration (VA), and
individuals. The estimates for holdings of individuals and others
are based on residential finance surveys of the Bureau of the Census,
trends in nonfarm mortgage recordings, FHA and VA records, and
other information. See source for data by type of mortgagee.
The data for government-underwritten mortgages are the outstanding balances of loans insured by FHA and guaranteed by the
VA, as estimated by these agencies from their records.
For rough estimates of mortgage debt on 1- to 4-family structures
for 1890-1924, see Goldsmith's A Study of Saving . . . (cited in text for
series N 262-272), vol. I, table R-34.
N 276-277. Residential nonfarm mortgage debt outstanding on 5or-more unit structures, 1925-1970.
Source: See sources for series N 273-275.
N 273-300
Home Owners' Loan Corporation and for savings and loan associations since the late thirties. The estimates were based on scattered
reports of national and State supervisory authorities, special reports
to the Home Loan Bank Board by life insurance companies, and, for
1939-1950, on mortgage recordings figures, series N 285-290. Estimates for the earlier years, and for "individuals and others" throughout, are highly tentative.
N 285-290. Mortgage recordings of $20,000 or less, by type of lender,
1939-1964.
Source: Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Savings and Home Financing Source Book, annual issues.
Estimates are computed on the basis of monthly reports of cooperating institutions. These reports cover approximately 500 areas
containing about 54 percent of the total nonfarm 1-family housing
units. Activity in the remaining areas is estimated usually by reference to the closest reporting area. To relate the series as closely
as possible to home-financing operations, it is limited to mortgages
of $20,000 or less, but it includes small mortgages secured by nonresidential real estate and omits large mortgages secured by residences.
The Savings and Home Financing Source Book, 1966, contains
the following: "Since almost every mortgage is recorded, the series
provides an adequate means of determining trends in real estate
financing activity, as well as the role being played by various types
of lenders. Summaries are made on the basis of the originating
mortgagees, and, for this reason, assignments of mortgages are not
reflected in the series. To the extent that certain lenders (e.g.,
insurance companies) purchase mortgages originated and recorded
by other lenders (e.g., mortgage companies), the recording statistics
may overstate or understate the importance of a particular type of
lender as the ultimate source of mortgage credit. It should also be
pointed out that mortgage recording data are not directly comparable
with estimates on home mortgage lending; the periods covered are
not necessarily the same, because lending statistics are reported as
of the date of loan commitment, while recording figures reflect the
actual date of mortgage registration. Furthermore, alterations in
the terms of an existing contract may necessitate a new registration.
In the case of refinancing an institution's own mortgage, for example,
the face amount of the instrument would appear in the recording
totals, whereas only that portion which represented an increase of
funds loaned would be included in the lending figures."
N 291-300.
Major Federal housingfinanceprograms, 1934-1970.
The estimates for total of 5 or more units represent revisions of
those in Grebler-Blank-Winnick (see source for series N 192-195),
table L-4, which were undertaken by the Board of Governors, Federal
Reserve System. Because of these revisions, the sum of series N 273
and N 276 does not equal the totals shown in series N 263.
The data for FHA-insured mortgages are estimates of the Federal
Housing Administration based on unpublished data.
Source: Series N 291-297 and N 300, 1934-1970 (except N 297,
1950-1970), see source for series N 273-275, Real Estate Credit
section. Series N 297, 1950-1964, Housing and Home Finance
Agency, Annual Report, 1961*, table B-72; 1965-1970, U.S. Veterans
Administration, unpublished data. Series N 298-299, Federal
National Mortgage Association, unpublished data.
N 278-290.
The figures are based on records of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Veterans Administration (VA), Federal National
Mortgage Association (FNMA), Federal Home Loan Bank Board
(FHLBB), and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA).
General note.
While the annual changes in the amount of residential mortgage
debt outstanding, series N 262-277, indicate the net flow of funds,
measures of the gross flow of funds are useful for many purposes.
However, these measures are far from adequate. For estimates of
the gross flow of funds into new residential construction for 19111955, see Grebler-Blank-Winnick series N 192-195, appendix M
and table 80.
N 278-284. Mortgage loans on 1- to 4-family houses, by type of
lender, 1925-1950.
Source: See Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195,
table N-13. (Figures are from Federal Home Loan Bank Board,
Estimated Home Mortgage Debt and Lending Activity, 1950.)
These series represent only rough approximations except for the
N 291-296, loans made with FHA insurance. Figures are from
FHA. Homes include 1- to 4-family houses. Projects include
multifamily housing. Under law, only new multifamily projects
are eligible for FHA-insured mortgage loans, although such projects
are later eligible for refinancing loans. For the FHA classification of
new and existing houses, see text for series N 180-181.
N 297, loans made with VA guaranty. Figures are from VA and
show the total principal amount of loans, not the guaranteed portion
which is smaller. In addition to the loans made by private lenders
under its guaranty program, the VA has made direct loans for home
purchase to veterans in certain areas since fiscal year 1951. The
cumulative amount of direct loans disbursed through December 31,
1970, was $3 billion.
637
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
N 118-137
N 298-299, F N M A purchases and sales. Figures are from FNMA
and include all its programs. Beginning 1954, F N M A established
three independent portfolios of FNMA-owned mortgages with separate accountability. The three portfolios resulted from separate
operations predicated on different purposes and objectives: (1) Secondary market operations, basically a privately financed activity; (2)
special assistance functions, operated for the account of the government; and (3) management and liquidating functions, under which
the F N M A managed and operated for the government the portfolio
of mortgages acquired since 1938 under the FHA. Beginning 1968,
F N M A separated into two organizations, the Government National
Mortgage Association, which maintains the special assistance functions and the management and liquidating functions portfolios; and
the "new" F N M A which maintains the secondary market operation
portfolio.
N 300, advances outstanding of the Federal Home Loan Banks.
Figures are from FHLBB and represent advances to member institutions of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, mainly savings
and loan associations.
N 301.
Real estate foreclosures of nonfarm properties, 1926-1970.
Source: Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Savings and Home Financing Source Book, annual issues.
Estimates for the old series are based on reports for approximately
1,700 counties, cities, townships, or other governmental divisions in
* * * * * * * * * *
•
1968. The reporting areas include approximately three-fifths of all
nonfarm single-family housing units. Foreclosures in the remaining
areas are estimated usually by reference to the closest reporting area.
Figures represent the number of nonfarm properties, residential and
nonresidential, acquired by mortgage lenders through foreclosure
proceedings; they do not include voluntary transfers to such lenders
in lieu of foreclosure, or defaults on real estate contracts.
Foreclosure estimates consist of completed foreclosures—those
that result in a sale or final action.
N 302-307. Mortgage status of nonfarm owner-occupied housing
units, 1890-1970.
Source: Series N 302-306, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1890-1950,
U.S. Census of Housing: 1950, vol. I, part 1; 1956, National Housing
Inventory, 1956, vol. I I ; and 1960 and 1970, U.S. Census of Housing:
1960, vol. V, and 1970, vol. V, respectively. Series N 307,1890-1950,
see Grebler-Blank-Winnick source for series N 192-195, table 59
(based on census data for value and debt); 1956, 1960, and 1970, same
as for series N 302-306.
For 1940, 1950, 1956, 1960, and 1970, the mortgage statistics are
for owner-occupied housing units in 1- to 4-family housing unit structures without business. For 1890-1920, they are for owner-occupied
units in all types of structures. These differences are not large enough
to invalidate comparisons.
More Recent Data for Historical Statistics Series
* * * * * * * * * *
*
*
Statistics for more recent years in continuation of many of the still-active series shown here appear
*
*
in annual issues of the Statistical Abstract of the United States, beginning with the 1975 edition. For
*
*
direct linkage of the historical series to the tables in the Abstract,
*
*
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
638
see Appendix I in the Abstract.
*
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
N 156-169
HOUSING
Series N 156-169.
New Housing Units Started, by Ownership, Type of Structure, Location, and Construction Cost:
1889 to 1970
Construction cost (mil. dol.)
New housing units started (1,000)
In structures with—
Ownership
Year
Total
Private
Public
156
1 unit
2 units
3 units
or more
159
160
161
Inside
Outside
S MSA's 1 S MSA's 1
162
Total
163
Privately
owned
Publicly
owned
165
166
Construction cost,
average per unit (dol.)
Total
Privately
owned
INCLUDES FARM
HOUSING
1970
1969
1968
196 7
1966
1,469
1,500
1,545
1,322
1,196
1,434
1,467
1,508
1,292
1,165
35
33
38
30
31
815
811
900
845
780
48
48
54
48
41
606
640
591
429
376
1,035
1.097
1,116
920
809
435
403
429
402
387
22,655
23,292
23,153
19,072
16,969
22,148
22,807
22,622
18,674
16,575
507
485
531
397
394
15,450
15,525
14,975
14,425
14,175
15,450
15,550
15,000
14,450
14,225
1965
1964
196 8
1962
196 1
1,510
1,561
1,635
1,492
1,365
1,473
1,529
1,603
1,463
1,313
37
32
32
30
52
965
972
1,013
996
989
58
62
61
56
50
486
527
561
440
326
1,035
1.098
1,147
1,054
948
475
463
487
439
417
20,528
20,375
20,756
18,720
17,085
20,061
19,975
20,378
18,373
16,476
466
400
378
347
609
13,600
13,050
12,650
12,550
12,525
13,625
13,075
12,650
12,550
12,550
196 0
195 9
1,296
1,554
1,252
1,517
44
37
1,009
1,251
51
59
237
244
889
1,077
407
477
16,357
19,214
15,831
18,782
528
432
12,625
12,400
12,650
12,400
196 2
196 1
1,469
1,337
1,439
1,285
30
52
973
961
56
50
440
326
1,053
946
416
391
18,400
16,740
18,053
16,132
347
609
12,525
12,525
12,550
12,550
196 0
1959
1,274
1,531
1,230
1,495
44
37
987
1,229
51
59
237
244
888
1,076
386
455
16,124
18,981
15,596
18,549
528
432
12,650
12,400
12,675
12,400
EXCLUDES FARM
HOUSING
Urban
areas
Rural
nonfarm
areas
1958
1957
1956
1,382
1,224
1,349
1,314
1,175
1,325
68
49
24
16,565
14,913
15,781
15,744
14,346
15,519
567
262
821
12,000
12,175
11,700
11,975
12,225
11,725
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1,646
1,551
1,438
1,504
1,491
1,627
1,532
1,402
1,446
1,420
19
19
36
58
71
18,017
15,863
13,665
13,636
13,402
17,818
15,694
13,358
13,133
12,787
199
169
307
503
615
10,950
10,225
9,500
9,050
8,975
10,950
10,250
9,525
9,075
9,000
1950
1949.
1948.
1947
1946
1,952
1,466
1,362
1,268
1,023
1,908
1,430
1,344
1,265
1,015
44
36
18
3
16,481
10,992
10,514
8,430
5,746
16,111
10,663
10,340
8,404
5,690
370
329
174
26
56
8,450
7,525
7,725
6,650
5,625
8,450
7,450
7,700
6,650
5,600
1945
1944.
1943
1942
1941
326
142
191
356
706
325
139
184
301
620
118
144
293
604
11
18
20
34
96
124
227
434
46
67
129
272
1,504
496
689
1,344
2,826
1,498
483
660
1,134
2,531
6
13
29
210
295
4,625
3,500
3,600
3,775
4,000
4,625
3,475
3,600
3,775
4,075
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
1935
603
515
406
336
319
530
458
399
332
304
216
486
399
317
267
244
183
37
29
18
16
14
397
359
262
218
211
117
206
156
144
118
108
104
2,299
1,948
1,584
1,382
1,271
757
2,072
1,764
1,562
1,366
1,194
732
227
184
22
17
77
25
3,825
3,775
3,900
4,125
3,975
3,425
3,925
3,850
3,900
4,100
3,925
3,400
1
221
SMSA = Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
639
N 118-137
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
Series N 156-169.
New Housing Units Started, by Ownership, Type of Structure, Location, and Construction Cost:
1889 to 1970—Con.
New housing units started (1,000)
In structures with-
Year
Total
1 unit
2 units
EXCLUDES FARM HOUSING
Urban
areas
3 units
or more
159
Construction cost
Rural
nonfarm
Total
(mil. dol.)
162
161
Con.
1934
1933
1932
1931
134
254
109
76
118
187
5
5
7
22
12
12
9
45
49
45
64
174
77
48
70
80
368
286
407
1,105
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
609
753
810
849
227
316
436
454
491
29
51
78
99
117
74
142
239
267
241
400
594
643
681
94
109
159
167
168
1,494
2,453
3,613
3,910
4.112
1925
1924..
1923
1922
1921
937
893
871
716
449
573
534
513
437
316
157
173
175
146
70
208
186
183
133
63
752
716
698
674
369
185
177
173
142
90
4,475
4,065
3,775
2,957
1,771
1920..
1919
1918
1917
1916
247
315
118
240
437
202
239
91
166
267
24
36
13
31
69
21
40
14
43
101
196
230
86
175
319
51
85
32
65
118
1,068
1,258
391
769
1,255
1915...
1914
1913.
1912
1911
433
421
421
426
395
262
263
264
258
249
73
72
72
71
62
98
86
85
97
84
316
308
307
311
288
117
113
114
115
107
1,192
1,081
1,108
1.113
1,000
1910.
1909.'
1908..
1907...
1906
387
492
416
432
487
251
328
286
291
316
57
73
65
59
69
79
91
65
82
102
283
322
272
283
319
104
170
144
149
168
1,028
1,272
1,034
1,037
1,170
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
507
315
253
240
336
207
175
171
177
64
45
30
32
32
107
63
48
37
66
332
206
166
157
180
175
109
87
83
95
1,154
690
607
572
610
1900...
1899...
1898
1897
1896
189
282
262
292
257
123
31
36
124
159
148
165
145
65
123
114
127
112
433
608
574
643
606
1895
1894...
1893
1892.
1891
309
265
267
381
175
160
151
215
169
134
115
116
166
129
679
594
583
763
612
328
342
185
193
143
149
790
806
126
i
1890
1889
Series N 170.
Year
Mobile
home
shipments
Year
Mobile Home Shipments: 1947 to 1970
Mobile
home
shipments
Year
Mobile
home
shipments
Year
Mobile
home
shipments
Year
Mobile
home
shipments
170
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
401,190
412,690
317,950
240,360
217,300
640
1965.
1964
1963.
1962
1961.
216,470
191,320
150,840
118,000
90,200
1960
1959
1968.
1957
1956
103,700
120,500
102,000
119,300
124,330
1955.
1954.
1953
1952
1951
111,900
76,000
76,900
83,000
67,300
1950.
1949
1948
1947
63,100
46,200
85,500
60,000
HOUSING
N 171-185
New Publicly-Owned Housing Starts, by Ownership and Program: 1949 to 1970
Series N 171-179.
[In units]
State and locally owned
Federally owned
Federally aided (PHA)
All
public
programs
Year
Military
Total
All
other
Total
Total
New York
City Housing
Authority
(excluding
federally
aided)
New York
City Housing
Authority
175
171
All
other
178
1970..
1969..
1968..
1967..
1966-
35,363
32,779
37,802
30,329
30,942
2,873
4,010
4,690
3,470
289
2,814
3,977
4,597
3,199
31
59
33
93
271
258
32,490
28,769
33,112
26,859
30,653
28,848
26,958
31,020
25,303
28,721
2,309
1,486
1,298
2,005
1,290
225
1,333
440
1,867
223
1,492
1965..
19641963..
19621961..
36,907
33,264
31,758
29,653
52,001
4,686
4,580
3,181
4,363
14,047
4,432
2.532
13,153
254
4,580
3,181
1,831
894
32,221
28,684
28,577
25,290
37,954
30,077
22,712
23,970
19,781
28,190
3,061
1,033
4,328
3,581
4,522
96
1,335
874
2,562
5,263
2,048
4,637
3,733
2,947
4,501
19601959*
1958..
1957_.
1956-
43,897
36,690
67,907
49,103
24,236
13,801
14,999
36,312
25,518
8,752
13,182
14,590
34,667
23,642
3,783
619
409
1,645
1,876
4,969
30,096
21,691
31,595
23,585
15,484
26,533
13,860
19,970
17,473
4,794
4,203
2,003
1,102
2,856
981
771
3,966
6,319
2,762
5,189
2,792
3,865
5,306
3,350
5,501
1955..
1954..
1953..
1952..
1951..
19,596
18,638
35,483
58,520
71,207
5,012
246
104
5,012
246
104
8,572
14,155
31,314
52,747
65,201
3,916
2,289
2,246
5,862
2,641
3,870
3,656
2,955
1,731
1,436
2,142
581
622
1,060
14,584
18,392
35,379
57,898
70,147
19501949-
43,648
36,321
1,055
3,963
1,055
3,963
42,593
32,358
26,875
781
5,259
4,399
19,660
11,319
11,917
622
1,060
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Series N 180-185.
New privately owned
units started under 1 —
VA
inspection
FHA = Federal Housing Administration; VA = Veterans Administration]
New and existing privately
owned units covered by loans
FHA (mortgages insured)
Total
Homes
VA
(mortgages
guaranteed)
Rental
projects
184
432.8
240.5
227.1
179.7
158.4
61.0
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
196.6
204.6
221.0
49.4
59.2
71.0
77.8
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
260.9
332.5
295.4
168.4
2189.3
128.3
270.7
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
276.7
276.3
252.0
279.9
263.5
392.9
307.0
156.5
141.3
148.6
328
251
303
286
318
223
272
246
261
31
40
74
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945
486.7
363.8
294.1
229.0
69.0
41.2
191.2
90.8
71.1
160.3
91.8
506
453
400
197
352
320
321
150
155
133
79
47
107
103
4
74.6
109.3
102.1
8.8
515
495
453
412
436
201
81
76
41
211
201
591
557
476
469
435
554
503
423
405
376
37
54
53
64
59
163
422
549
454
245
264
373
505
389
49
44
65
43
145
213
146
307
508
9
650
411
322
307
447
335
88
253
86
214
1944.
1943
93.3
146.2
157
1942
1941.
186
211
188
134
11
28
New and existing privately owned
units covered by FHA loans
(mortgages insured)
Total
Homes
Rental
projects
182
183
184
12
20
210
170
157
190
165.7
220.4
242
236
1940
1939
180.1
187
185
183
171
4
13
1938
1937
118.7
60.0
134
114
122
111
12
1936
1935
49.4
14.0
26
85
84
25
158.1
220
216
498
277
350
542
412
3 43
2
1 Based on first compliance inspection.
Includes homes and housing units in multifamily projects; excludes mobile homes and non-housing unit activity.
168
716
576
529
453
469
202
Year
New
privately
owned units
started under
FHA
inspection
185
1970
1969.
1968
1967
1966
259.5
243.6
1,110
3,420
3,510
Represents zero.
180
51.2
56.1
52.5
36.8
1,811
Privately Owned Housing Units in Major Federal Programs: 1935 to 1970
[In thousands.
FHA
inspection
3,642
2
3
Excludes 2,567 Capehart units.
Estimated.
641
N
118-137
Series N 186-191.
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
Low-Rent Public Housing Units, by Progress Stage, and War and Defense Housing and Veterans
Housing Units Available for Occupancy: 1941 to 1970
[Low-rent public housing units cover those units subsidized by U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development under annual contributions contracts, including new, conventional, and turnkey units and existing housing either acquired or leased. Includes Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands]
Low-rent public housing (1,000) 1
Year
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
Total
Under
management 2
Under
construction
N o t under
construction 3
186
187
188
189
______
_
Low-rent public housing (1,000)
_ __
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
Year
1,155.3
1,034.7
923.7
850.2
778.2
735.7
714.3
682.3
646.6
624.1
893.5
822.6
744.5
673.2
635.9
604.9
576.7
553.4
527.2
499.0
126.8
84.8
73.5
48.8
45.6
42.4
38.5
37.4
41.1
47.4
135.0
127.4
105.7
128.2
96.7
88.4
99.0
91.5
78.4
77.7
593.3
585.2
557.2
534.6
533.6
478.2
465.2
444.2
429.5
423.9
36.4
23.9
30.0
24.0
14.0
78.8
96.1
83.0
81.1
95.7
Under
management 8
Under
construction
N o t under
construction 8
186
187
188
189
190
1955 5
1954
1953
1952
1951
489.7
455.7
455.2
436.8
404.8
413.6
390.1
343.8
271.3
211.3
21.1
33.4
61.5
87.6
90.6
55.1
32.2
50.0
77.9
102.9
1950 5
1949
1948
1947
1946.
1945
1944
1943
1942,-1941
302.1
204.9
193.8
192.0
201.7
191.6
190.9
189.7
31.5
1.7
1.5
.1
68.9
11.5
1.4
2.1
As of December 31.
Occupied or available for occupancy.
Comprises units to be constructed and units that will go directly into "under
management" category because they need no rehabilitation.
Veterans
re-use
housing
available
for
occupancy 4
191
109
3,441
6,559
5,577
1,550
4,051
40,171
150,327
347,404
120,729
59,786
381
695
27,168
106,631
128,871
1,906
4 Refers to period between completion of construction and actual occupancy.
5 Excludes units which have been sold to mutual housing associations, limited dividend corporations ( P W A ) , and homestead associations on which H U D has mortgages
for collection.
1
2
9
Series N 192-195.
Total
War and
defense
housing
available
for
occupancy 4
1
Nonfarm Dwelling Units Standing and Selected Components of Change: 1890 to 1950
[In thousands]
Dwelling
units
standing
Year
Year
192
Period
192
39,625
29,683
25,692
17,733
1950
1940
1930
1920
Units added
Dwelling
units
standing
14,281
10,589
8,319
1910
1900
1890
1940-1949, . .
1930-1939. - 1920-1929 . . _
Series N 196-199.
New units
started
Converted
units
193
194
2,000
1,070
125
5,393
2,646
7,004
Units
demolished
or
destroyed
Units added
Period
New units
started
Converted
units
193
194
195
1,000
397
580
1910-1919
1900-1909
1890-1899- .
.
3,593
3,606
2,941
Units
demolished
or
destroyed
195
103
81
62
414
297
208
Nonfarm Residential Wealth: 1889 to 1953
[In millions of dollars]
Year
Total,
current
dollars
Structures
1929
dollars
Current
dollars
197
198
196
Land,
current
dollars
199
1953
1952
1951
282,751
270,918
257,833
96,933
94,173
91,575
234,966
224,320
212,454
47,785
46,598
45,379
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
233,623
212,430
214,358
188,396
153,140
88,855
84,951
82,790
80,556
78,974
191,571
173,565
174,273
152,412
123,278
42,052
38,875
40,085
35,984
29,862
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
137,348
130,960
122,450
118,922
113,548
78,178
79,111
80,219
81,230
81,535
110,153
104,506
97,225
94,064
89,362
27,195
26,454
25,225
24,858
24,186
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
104,102
99,264
96,831
94,297
84,770
80,149
79,006
78,028
77,692
77,420
81,512
77,426
75,140
72,797
65,188
22,590
21,838
21,690
21,500
19,582
1935
1934
1933
1932
81,314
84,669
79,100
80,537
77,273
77,724
78,685
79,796
62,205
64,433
59,958
60,725
19,109
20,236
19,142
19,812
1
As of June 1.
642
Year
Total,
current
dollars
196
Structures
1929
dollars
Current
dollars
197
198
current
dollars
Year
196
199
1931
96,761
80,724
72,571
24,190
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
105,430
108,429
102,438
98,639
95,999
80,775
80,563
78,938
75,939
72,519
78,756
80,563
75,702
72,598
70,271
26,674
27,866
26,736
26,041
25,728
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
90,802
86,633
83,501
71,329
74,791
68,715
64,818
61,245
58,316
55,976
66,104
62,809
60,204
51,143
53,401
24,698
23,824
23,297
20,186
21,390
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
92,155
72,163
61,972
52,987
45,527
55,122
55,317
55,008
55,613
55,510
65,430
50,947
43,566
37,038
31,641
26,715
21,216
18,406
15,949
13,886
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
41,986
40,251
39,401
40,063
38,417
54,306
53,051
51,927
50,711
49,539
29,054
27,693
26,950
27,283
26,008
12,932
12,558
12,451
12,780
12,409
Total,
current
dollars
Structures
1929
dollars
Current
dollars
197
198
Land,
current
dollars
199
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
38,337
36,369
33,977
34,255
31,971
48,499
47,406
45,715
44,378
43,085
25,801
24,367
22,629
22,677
21,069
12,536
12,002
11,348
11,578
10,902
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
28,118
25,739
25,494
24,256
23,116
41,385
39,425
38,418
37,640
36,892
18,416
16,756
16,520
15,621
14,794
9,702
8,983
8,974
8,635
8,322
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
22,936
21,607
19,703
18,387
18,103
35,984
35,525
34,522
33,459
32,080
14,610
13,677
12,393
11,510
11,260
8,326
7,930
7,310
6,877
6,843
1895
1894
1893
1892
1891
17,403
16,867
16,833
16,257
15,742
30,816
29,301
28,024
26,814
25,087
10,755
10,373
10,285
9,868
9,508
6,648
6,494
6,548
6,389
6,234
1890 i - 1889
15,540
14,333
23,786
22,050
9,324
8,600
6,216
5,733
HOUSING
Series N 200-215.
N 200-215
Value of Gross and Net Stocks of Residential Structures in Current and Constant (1958) Dollars:
1925 to 1970
[In billions of dollars]
Gross stocks of residential structures
Total,
all
types
Year
200
Public
Private nonfarm
Farm
1-4
unit
5 or
more
unit
Federal
State
and
local
201
202
203
204
205
N e t stocks of residential structures
Private
nonhousekeeping
Mobile
homes
206
207
Total,
all
types
208
Private nonfarm
Public
Farm
1-4
unit
5 or
more
unit
Federal
State
and
local
209
210
211
212
213
Private
nonhousekeeping
Mobile
homes
214
215
CURRENT DOLLARS
1,284.7
1,197.3
1,094.4
1,010.6
941.8
1,050.2
983.4
903.3
836.5
782.1
111.1
100.3
88.4
79.0
72.5
8.5
8.0
7.4
6.9
6.5
20.5
18.9
16.7
15.3
13.9
50.5
47.7
44.3
42.6
39.5
27.9
25.6
23.4
21.2
19.4
16.0
13.4
10.9
9.1
7.9
804.2
749.5
682.6
633.3
593.0
661.6
620.0
567.9
529.5
497.1
72.2
65.1
66.4
49.6
45.2
5.3
5.0
4.7
4.5
4.3
14.9
13.8
12.3
11.3
10.4
24.7
23.0
21.6
21.2
20.5
15.9
14.6
13.4
12.1
11.1
9.6
8.0
6.3
5.1
4.4
1965...
1964
1963
1962
1961
888.9
848.0
807.5
765.7
731.6
739.8
707.2
675.1
641.3
614.1
67.0
62.2
57.2
52.2
48.2
6.2
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.3
12.8
12.1
11.2
10.6
9.6
39.5
38.4
38.3
38.0
37.9
16.7
16.3
14.9
13.6
12.6
6.9
5.9
5.0
4.4
3.9
559.7
533.1
505.1
477.6
453.4
470.2
450.1
428.5
407.0
389.2
41.4
37.7
33.7
29.8
26.7
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.7
9.7
9.3
8.7
8.4
7.7
20.3
19.7
19.6
19.3
18.1
10.0
8.9
7.9
6.9
6.0
3.9
3.3
2.7
2.3
2.0
1960
1959
1958
1957...
1956
713.5
689.0
645.1
618.4
593.7
600.8
579.8
540.9
517.7
496.0
45.6
43.9
41.6
40.1
39.0
4.9
4.6
4.0
3.6
3.4
9.0
8.5
7.9
7.2
6.8
37.7
37.6
37.2
37.0
36.4
11.9
11.4
10.8
10.5
10.2
3.6
3.2
2.7
2.3
1.9
440.9
424.9
395.4
376.7
359.4
380.4
366.8
340.6
324.3
308.6
24.6
23.4
21.9
21.0
20.4
3.5
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.3
7.1
6.9
6.5
6.0
5.8
18.1
18.0
17.9
17.8
17.7
5.3
4.7
4.2
3.8
3.6
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.0
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951...
556.7
517.1
498.8
486.8
465.0
463.4
427.7
410.5
398.1
378.6
37.4
36.7
35.1
35.0
34.0
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.0
6.4
5.8
5.4
5.9
5.2
35.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
33.8
9.8
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.0
.8
335.6
308.3
293.9
283.7
268.0
286.5
261.1
247.5
237.9
223.5
19.7
18.9
18.8
18.8
18.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
6.4
5.2
4.8
4.5
3.8
17.6
17.1
17.0
16.7
16.4
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
.7
.6
.5
.5
.4
1950
1949...
1948....
1947...
1946
428.4
386.2
369.3
342.6
286.7
347.8
312.0
297.8
274.4
228.8
32.1
29.6
28.5
26.8
22.9
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.4
3.4
3.0
2.5
2.4
1.7
32.2
29.4
28.5
27.5
23.3
9.3
8.9
8.8
8.6
7.5
.7
.6
.5
.3
.1
244.5
216.4
205.2
187.9
155.9
202.8
177.8
167.7
152.1
125.3
17.6
16.2
15.5
14.6
12.6
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
3.1
2.6
2.3
2.2
1.5
16.4
14.5
14.4
13.9
11.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.1
1945
1944.
1943
1942. .
1941
243.4
226.2
211.5
195.1
179.3
194.8
181.3
168.2
155.4
144.3
19.9
18.5
17.2
15.8
14.7
2.3
2.0
1.7
.9
.5
1.0
1.0
1.8
1.7
.5
18.9
17.2
16.8
15.8
14.2
6.5
6.2
5.8
6.5
5.1
132.3
124.9
117.3
108.9
101.2
105.9
99.7
93.9
88.0
82.4
11.1
10.6
10.0
9.4
8.9
2.1
1.9
1.6
.8
.4
.9
.9
.8
.8
.6
10.2
9.7
8.9
7.9
6.9
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
162.9
151.4
146.4
142.3
132.2
131.3
121.7
117.5
114.0
105.9
13.5
12.6
12.1
11.8
10.9
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.3
.1
12.9
12.3
12.3
12.1
11.3
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.2
4.0
91.7
85.0
82.4
80.9
76.0
74.9
69.4
67.2
65.6
61.4
8.3
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.3
.1
6.1
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
121.8
119.3
114.2
109.1
122.2
97.5
95.4
91.2
86.9
97.1
10.0
9.8
9.4
9.0
10.1
10.6
10.5
10.2
9.9
11.3
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.7
70.9
70.2
68.0
65.9
75.1
57.0
56.4
54.7
53.0
60.1
6.6
6.6
6.4
6.3
7.2
6.6
5.5
5.2
4.9
6.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.2
140.5
147.4
143.6
136.3
131.6
127.8
111.6
117.1
113.8
108.1
105.3
101.7
11.5
12.0
11.3
10.1
8.2
8.2
13.2
14.0
14.4
14.4
14.6
14.8
4.2
4.3
4.1
3.7
3.5
3.1
87.3
92.8
90.7
86.0
83.2
79.5
69.7
73.8
72.1
68.5
66.6
64.0
8.4
8.9
8.4
7.5
6.6
5.8
6.8
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.1
1.8
1970
1969
1968.
1967
1966
.
.
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
1935
1934.
1933..
1932
1931
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
..
.
-
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
CONSTANT ( 1 9 5 8 ) DOLLARS
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
870.3
843.3
823.2
802.2
786.4
707.2
688.7
676.5
662.0
650.7
74.8
70.1
66.1
62.5
60.3
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.6
6.6
13.7
13.0
12.3
11.7
11.1
34.0
34.2
34.3
34.5
34.7
18.8
18.2
17.5
16.8
16.1
16.0
13.4
10.9
9.1
7.9
544.6
526.9
514.5
502.2
492.3
445.5
433.3
426.6
419.0
412.1
48.6
45.5
42.2
39.2
37.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
10.0
9.4
9.0
8.8
8.4
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.9
10.7
10.4
10.0
9.6
9.2
9.6
8.0
6.3
5.1
4.4
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
769.6
749.6
729.7
709.5
690.5
638.5
623.5
609.1
594.2
579.6
67.8
54.9
51.6
48.4
45.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.0
10.7
10.3
9.9
9.6
8.9
34.9
35.1
35.3
35.5
35.7
15.3
14.4
13.5
12.6
11.9
6.9
5.9
5.0
4.0
3.9
482.2
469.2
455.7
441.5
427.5
405.1
396.1
387.0
376.8
367.0
35.7
33.3
30.5
27.7
25.2
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
3,5
8.2
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.2
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
8.6
7.9
7.1
6.4
5.6
3.9
3.3
2.7
2.3
2.0
1960
1959
1958
1967
1956
679.5
663.8
634.7
618.0
601.2
572.0
559.0
532.8
518.2
502.9
43.6
42.3
41.0
40.2
39.6
4.7
4.4
3.9
3.6
3.4
8.4
8.0
7.6
7.1
6.8
35.8
35.9
36.0
36.0
36.1
11.4
10.7
10.5
10.4
3.6
3.2
2.7
2.4
2.0
419.6
408.1
388.0
375.1
363.9
362.0
352.3
334.5
323.2
312.9
23.5
22.5
21.6
21.0
20.7
3.3
3.2
2.8
2.5
2.4
6.8
6.5
6.2
5.9
5.7
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
5.0
4.6
4.1
3.8
3.6
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.1
1955.
1954
1953
1952
1951
583.9
564.8
546.1
530.0
515.3
486.5
468.2
450.1
435.0
421.3
39.3
38.9
38.6
38.2
38.0
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
6.5
6.2
5.8
5.2
4.5
36.2
36.3
36.4
36.5
36.5
10.4
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.1
.9
350.8
333.8
320.8
309.0
298.2
300.3
283.5
270.8
259.5
249.1
20.7
20.7
20.6
20.6
20.6
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
6.6
5.4
5.2
4.7
4.2
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.8
17.9
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.4
.8
.6
.6
.5
.4
Z
11.0
Less than $0.05 billion.
643
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
N 118-137
Series N 200-215.
Value of Gross and Net Stocks of Residential Structures in Current and Constant (1958) Dollars:
1925 to 1970—Con.
[In billions o f dollars]
N e t s t o c k s of residential structures
Gross s t o c k s of residential structures
Year
200
Private nonfarm
Public
Private nonfarm
Total,
all
types
Farm
1-4
unit
5 or
more
unit
Federal
State
and
local
201
202
203
204
205
Private
nonhousekeeping
Mobile
homes
Total,
all
types
206
207
208
Public
Farm
1-4
unit
5 or
more
unit
Federal
State
and
local
209
210
211
212
213
Private
nonhousekeeping
Mobile
homes
214
215
Private
nonhousekeeping
Mobile
homes
230
231
CONSTANT ( 1 9 5 8 ) D O L L A R S — C o n .
500.1
480.2
466.2
451.6
439.4
406.8
388.1
375.3
361.6
350.1
37.6
36.8
35.9
35.3
35.0
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.3
2.7
36.6
36.5
36.4
36.3
36.3
10.9
434.5
434.2
433.9
432.3
429.9
346.0
345.3
345.0
344.7
343.3
34.9
35.0
35.1
35.1
35.0
4.0
3.9
3.5
2.0
1.1
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.2
36.3
36.5
36.6
36.7
37.1
11.4
11.7
11.9
12.1
12.2
1940
1939
1938
1937.
1936
422.9
417.0
411.6
408.2
404.6
337.3
332.4
327.9
324.9
322.0
34.7
34.4
33.9
33.6
33.2
.6
.6
.6
.5
.2
.7
.2
37.4
37.2
37.1
37.1
37.1
1935.
1934
1933
1932
1931
401.6
400.5
400.7
400.8
400.6
319.5
318.3
318.3
318.3
317.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
397.4
392.9
384.8
373.0
360.1
346.3
315.1
311.5
305.8
297.3
288.2
278.2
32.5
32.0
30.4
27.9
25.1
22.5
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
...
1945....
1944
1943
1942
1941.
...
1930
1929
1928..
1927
1926
1925
Z
..
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
0.8
.7
.6
.4
.2
285.6
268.5
256.9
247.4
237.9
237.4
221.5
211.1
201.8
192.4
20.6
20.1
19.5
19.3
19.3
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.6
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.4
17.5
17.0
16.5
16.5
16.6
.1
231.7
235.1
239.0
241.2
241.8
186.0
188.7
191.9
194.8
195.9
19.5
20.0
20.5
20.8
21.2
3.7
3.6
3.3
1.9
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.2
17.0
17.2
17.5
17.6
17.7
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.1
12.1
237.8
234.5
232.3
232.2
231.8
192.7
189.9
187.8
187.3
187.0
21.3
21.3
21.2
21.4
21.4
.6
.6
.6
.5
.2
.7
.2
17.7
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
37.2
37.3
37.5
37.6
37.8
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
232.2
234.3
237.9
242.1
245.6
187.0
188.3
190.9
193.9
196.3
21.6
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
37.9
37.9
37.7
37.5
37.3
37.2
11.9
11.5
10.9
10.3
9.5
8.4
246.8
247.0
242.9
235.1
226.1
215.5
196.9
197.0
194.2
188.7
182.6
174.8
23.6
23.6
22.5
20.5
18.1
15.9
11.0
11.1
11.3
11.4
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
18.1
18.3
18.6
19.0
19.3
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.9
Less than $0.05 billion.
Series N 216-231.
Mean Age of Stocks of Residential Structures: 1925 to 1970
[In years]
G r o s s stocks of residential structures
Total,
all
types
Year
216
Private nonfarm
Public
Farm
1-4
unit
5 or
more
unit
Federal
State
and
local
217
218
219
220
221
N e t stocks of residential structures
Private
nonhousekeeping
Mobile
homes
Total,
aU
types
222
223
224
Public
Private nonfarm
Farm
1-4
unit
5 or
more
unit
Federal
State
and
local
225
226
227
228
229
1970
1969
1968
1967.
1966
27.6
27.6
27.6
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.5
27.4
27.4
27.3
19.7
20.4
21.3
22.0
22.4
21.1
20.4
19.7
18.9
18.0
13.9
13.7
13.4
13.0
12.7
49.0
49.1
49.1
49.0
49.0
11.5
11.5
11.6
11.9
12.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.3
18.7
18.6
18.6
18.6
18.5
19.1
18.9
18.7
18.6
18.4
12.2
12.6
13.3
13.8
14.0
18.5
17.8
17.3
16.5
15.6
11.9
11.8
11.7
11.4
11.2
35.1
35.3
35.4
35.5
35.6
7.1
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.2
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.9
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
27.7
27.9
28.1
28.3
28.5
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
23.1
24.0
25.3
26.8
27.9
17.2
16.6
15.9
15.3
14.9
12.3
11.7
11.2
10.7
10.5
48.8
48.7
48.5
48.3
48.2
12.8
13.6
14.6
15.9
16.9
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
3.9
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.9
18.3
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.3
14.6
15.4
16.7
18.5
20.0
14.9
14.5
13.8
13.3
13.0
10.9
10.4
10.0
9.5
9.4
35.6
35.5
35.4
35.4
35.4
6.2
6.3
6.6
7.1
7.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.7
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
28.7
28.9
29.2
29.4
29.6
27.7
27.8
28.2
28.4
28.6
28.8
29.2
29.5
29.5
29.3
14.7
14.6
15.3
15.8
15.5
10.2
9.7
9.3
8.9
8.4
48.0
47.8
47.5
47.3
47.0
18.0
19.0
19.9
20.7
21.2
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
19.0
19.1
19.4
19.6
19.8
18.3
18.3
18.6
18.8
18.9
21.2
22.0
22.7
23.0
23.1
13.0
13.2
14.4
15.4
15.4
9.2
8.8
8.5
8.2
7.7
35.4
35.2
35.0
34.9
34.7
8.4
9.2
10.1
11.1
11.9
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.0
2.0
1955
1954
1953.
1952
1951
30.0
30.5
30.9
31.3
31.6
29.0
29.6
30.1
30.6
31.0
29.0
28.6
28.2
27.8
27.4
14.5
13.6
12.5
11.6
10.6
7.8
7.1
6.6
6.3
6.3
46.8
46.6
46.4
46.3
46.2
21.6
21.8
21.9
21.8
21.6
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.3
20.1
20.7
21.1
21.6
22.0
19.3
19.9
20.5
20.9
21.5
22.8
22.6
22.4
22.1
21.8
14.5
13.5
12.5
11.6
10.6
7.2
6.5
6.0
5.8
5.8
34.7
34.5
34.6
34.7
34.9
12.9
13.6
14.2
14.7
14.9
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.5
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946-
32.1
32.8
33.2
33.7
34.1
31.5
32.4
32.9
33.5
33.9
27.0
27.0
27.0
26.9
26.6
9.6
8.6
7.7
6.5
5.1
6.4
6.0
5.6
4.7
4.3
46.2
46.2
46.3
46.5
46.5
21.3
21.1
20.8
20.4
20.0
2.8
2.3
1.6
1.2
.8
22.7
23.7
24.4
25.2
25.9
22.1
23.3
24.1
25.0
25.9
21.5
21.8
22.2
22.4
22.3
9.6
8.6
7.7
6.5
5.0
6.0
5.7
5.4
4.5
4.2
35.2
35.6
36.2
36.9
37.4
15.1
15.2
15.4
15.5
15.3
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.1
.7
19451944
1943
1942. _
1941
34.2
33.6
33.0
32.5
32.1
34.1
33.5
32.9
32.2
31.8
26.1
25.3
24.5
23.7
23.0
3.8
2.9
2.1
2.4
2.8
4.6
3 6
2.7
1.8
1.2
46.4
45.6
44.8
44.1
43.5
19.7
19.1
18.4
17.7
17.2
.5
26.4
25.7
25.1
24.6
24.3
26.4
25.8
25.2
24.5
24.1
21.9
21.1
20.3
19.5
18.8
3.6
2.8
2.0
2.3
2.6
4.6
3.6
2.6
1.8
1.2
37.7
36.7
35.8
34.9
34.2
15.5
14.9
14.2
13.4
12.9
.5
.
.
644
N 216-237
HOUSING
Series N 216-231.
Mean Age of Stocks of Residential Structures: 1925 to 1970—Con.
[In years]
Gross stocks of residential structures
Private nonfarm
Total,
all
types
Year
216
5 or
more
unit
Federal
State
and
local
217
218
219
220
32.0
31.9
31.6
31.3
30.9
31.7
31.6
31.4
31.0
30.6
22.4
21.9
21.4
20.8
20.2
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
30.4
29.9
29.2
28.5
27.8
30.2
29.6
28.9
28.2
27.5
19.5
18.7
17.9
17.0
16.1
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
27.3
26.8
26.6
26.6
26.8
27.0
27.0
26.5
26.2
26.2
26.3
26.4
15.4
14.8
14.7
15.0
15.8
16.7
Series N 232-237.
[In billions of current dollars.
Public
1-4
unit
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
Net stocks of residential structures
3.7
2.8
1.8
1.0
.7
0.8
.6
.5
.6
.5
Farm
Private
nonhousekeeping
221
Total,
all
types
1-4
unit
222
Public
5 or
more
unit
Federal
State
and
local
226
227
228
43.0
42.4
42.0
41.6
41.2
16.7
16.3
15.8
15.4
14.9
24.4
24.4
24.3
24.0
23.7
24.3
24.3
24.3
24.0
23.7
18.3
17.8
17.4
16.8
16.2
3.7
2.7
1.8
1.0
.7
40.8
40.3
39.7
39.0
38.4
14.3
13.7
13.0
12.4
11.7
23.4
22.8
22.1
21.4
20.6
23.3
22.8
22.1
21.4
20.7
15.5
14.7
13.8
12.9
12.0
.6
.5
37.8
37.4
37.0
36.6
36.3
35.9
11.0
20.1
19.6
19.5
19.6
19.9
20.2
20.2
19.7
19.5
19.6
19.8
20.1
11.3
10.6
10.4
10.7
11.4
12.3
10.7
10.4
10.3
10.4
10.8
Farm
Private
nonhousekeeping
229
0.8
.6
.5
230
33.8
33.2
33.0
32.6
32.3
12.6
12.3
12.0
11.6
11.2
31.8
31.4
30.7
30.0
29.3
10.7
10.1
9.4
8.7
7.9
28.7
28.2
27.9
27.6
27.4
27.0
7.2
6.8
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.7
Comparison of Residential Wealth Estimates: 1890 to 1950
June and April figures are for the first day of the month; December figures, last day of the month; where month is not specified, the specific date
was not available. These estimates were compiled from the various sources shown in the footnotes]
Cumulated wealth estimates
Date
Private nonfarm
Total
Structures
Benchmark wealth estimates
Land
Date
Structures
Land
235
1949
1939
1938
1929
December.
December.
December
December
212.5
99.2
96.8
108.5
173.6
77.4
75.1
80.6
38.9
21.8
21.7
27.9
1922
1912
1900
1890
December
December
December
June
71.3
40.1
22.9
15.0
51.1
27.3
14.6
9.0
20.2
12.8
8.3
6.0
N A N o t available.
1 Derived from Census of Housing, 1950, Preliminary Reports, series H C - 5 , No. 1.
Housing—Special Reports, Bureau of the Census, series H-1943, No. 1.
3 Robert R. Doane, The Anatomy of Wealth, Harper, 1940.
2
1950 April 1
1940 April 2
1938 3
1930 «
1930 April«
260.0
87.4
92.0
107.7
99.0
(NA)
(NA)
44.0
51.6
46.8
(NA)
(NA)
48.0
56.1
52.2
1930
1922
1912
1900
1890
122.6
65.0
39.2
20.0
14.4
98.1
30.0
20.7
9.5
6.7
24.5
34.9
18.5
10.5
7.7
April»
«
June «.
June 8
June
4 E. A. Keller, A Study of the Physical Assets, Sometimes Called, Wealth, of the United
States, 1922—1933, University of Notre Dame Press, 1939.
5 David L. Wickens, Residential Real Estate, N B E R , 1941.
6 Simon Kuznets, National Product since 1869, N B E R , 1946.
645
N 238-258
CONSTRUCTION A N D HOUSING
Series N 238-245.
Occupied Housing Units and Tenure of Homes: 1890 to 1970
T o t a l population
Total
occupied
housing units
Number
of
persons
(1,000)
(1,000)
Year '
238
Tenure of homes
Occupied
units r e p o r t ing tenure
(1,000)
Per occupied
housing
unit
Owner occupied
Number
(1,000)
239
R e n t e r occupied
Percent
Number
(1,000)
243
244
TOTAL
1970 8
1960*
1966»
1950...
1945 >
1940
63,450
53,024
49,874
42,826
37,600
34,855
203,211
179,326
(NA)
150,697
140,186
131,669
29,905
24,353
20,256
15,964
12,690
1970 2
1960*
1950
1945 s
1940
1930
1920
1910
1900
1890
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.7
3.8
63,450
53,024
49,874
42,826
37,600
34,855
39,885
32,796
30,121
23,560
20,009
15,196
62.9
61.9
60.4
55.0
63.2
43.6
23,565
20,227
19,753
19,266
17,591
19,659
122,775
105,711
91,972
75,995
62,948
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.0
29,322
23,811
19,782
15,429
12,690
14,002
10,867
9,084
7,205
6,066
47.8
45.6
45.9
46.7
47.8
15,320
12,944
10,698
8,224
6,624
60,351
49,458
37,105
31,281
27,748
192,624
165,851
127,649
(NA)
101,453
3.2
3.4
3.4
60,351
49,458
37,105
31,281
27,748
37,393
30,164
19,802
16,878
11,413
62.0
61.0
53.4
50.8
41.1
22,957
19,294
17,304
15,403
16,335
23,300
17,600
14,132
10,274
7,923
92,618
74,096
<59,895
4.0
4.2
<4.2
22,917
17,229
13,672
9,780
7,923
10,550
7,041
5,245
3,567
2,924
46.0
40.9
38.4
36.5
36.9
12,367
10,188
8,427
6,213
4,999
1970 2
1960*
1950
1945 >
1940...
3,095
3,566
5,721
6,319
7,107
10,589
13,475
23,049
(NA)
30,216
3.4
3.8
4.0
3,095
3,566
5,721
6,319
7,107
2,492
2,633
3,758
4,131
3,783
80.5
73.8
65.7
65.4
53.2
603
933
1,963
2,188
3,324
1930
1920
1910
1900.
1890
6,605
6,751
6,124
5,690
4,767
30,158
31,614
'32,077
6,405
6,581
6,110
5,649
4,767
3,452
3,826
3,838
3,638
3,143
53.9
58.1
62.8
64.4
65.9
2,953
2,755
2,271
2,011
1,624
.__.
1930
1920
1910
1900
1890
( N A )I
NONFARM
( N A )I
3.7
FARM
( N A )I
4.3
4.6
4.7
<5.2
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
N A N o t available.
1 Figuies for 1956 are for December 31; figures for 1945 are for N o v e m b e r 1; figures
for decennial years, 1890 to 1970, are for census dates.
Series N 246-258.
[In percent.
Housing Units Vacancy Rates, by Region: 1940 to 1970
Annual averages, except as noted.
All housing units v a c a n c y rate
Year
2 Farm-nonfarm breakdown will not add to total; " T o t a l " figures were revised as
a result of errors found after the tabulations were completed.
1 These figures are not comparable with other years; based on sample surveys.
< Estimated; see text.
F o r composition of regions, see text for series A 172-194]
Homeowner v a c a n c y rate
Rental v a c a n c y rate
Total
Yearround
vacancy
Seasonal
vacancy
United
States
Northeast
North
Central
South
West
United
States
Northeast
North
Central
South
West
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966...
8.8
9.1
9.3
9.9
10.3
6.3
6.5
6.7
7.2
7.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.4
0.8
.8
.8
.7
.9
1.0
.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.0
2.1
5.3
5.5
5.9
6.8
7.7
2.7
3.0
3.7
4.8
5.3
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.7
6.5
7.2
7.2
7.5
8.0
8.5
5.6
6.1
7.1
8.9
10.9
1965
1964
1963.
1962
1961
10.5
10.3
10.3
10.1
10.2
7.6
7.3
7.2
7.4
7.6
2.9
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.2
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.1
8.7
5.6
5.2
5.1
4.7
4.9
7.2
7.9
8.7
9.0
9.3
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.9
10.4
11.9
1960*
1959
1958
1957.
1956
10.1
10.0
9.9
9.1
8.8
7.4
7.0
6.7
6.2
6.2
2.7
3.0
3.2
2.9
2.6
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
.7
.9
1.2
1.1
1.4
.9
.8
1.6
1.2
1.0
.9
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.4
8.1
7.0
6.5
5.6
6.1
4.9
3.9
3.8
3.4
3.1
8.3
7.1
7.3
5.4
5.6
9.5
9.4
7.9
6.7
8.1
6.9
6.6
4.4
4.5
2.5
2.0
.9
1950 i - - .
1940 i
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
646
1
A s of April.
11.0
10.2
9.5
10.7
11.0
8.5
7.5
7.4
8.7
N 259-272
HOUSING
Series N 259-261.
Owner-occupied
houses, 22 cities
(1929 = 100)
Year
Adjusted
for depreciation
Unadjusted
Median
asking
price for
existing
houses,
Washington. D.C.
Price Indexes for 1-Family Houses: 1890 to 1947
Owner-occupied
houses, 22 cities
(1929 = 100)
Year
259
Unadjusted
Adjusted
for depreciation
259
260
Owner-occupied
houses, 22 cities
(1929 = 100)
Median
asking
price for
existing
houses,
Washington, D.C.
Year
Owner-occupied
houses, 22 cities
(1929 = 100)
Unadjusted
Adjusted
for depreciation
259
260
261
$12,309
12,638
1932.
1931.
78.7
87.9
82.0
90.4
$6,515
6,796
1917.
1916.
80.1
78.5
68.0
65.8
1945.
1944.
1943.
-4942.
1941 _
10,131
8,649
8,011
7,573
6,954
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
95.7
100.0
102.1
100.6
104.5
97.1
100.0
100.7
97.9
100.4
7,146
7,246
7,333
7,682
7,748
1915.
1914.
1913
1912.
1911
71.7
78.1
75.3
75.3
72.5
59.2
63.7
60.5
59.7
56.7
1940.
1939.
1938.
1937 _
1936.
6,558
6,416
6,420
6,622
6,145
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922
1921.
108.9
103.5
103.3
101.8
100.4
103.1
96.7
95.2
92.5
90.0
7,809
7,720
7,400
7,197
7,019
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
74.2
68.7
70.3
77.9
70.6
57.3
52.3
52.8
37.7
51.6
6,296
5,972
5,759
1920
1919
1918
102.7
93.7
85.2
90.8
81.7
73.3
6,296
5,626
4,821
1905
1904
59.5
67.9
42.9
48.3
77.9
75.7
78.3
80.0
Series N 262-272.
Unadjusted
259
1947 _
1946.
1935.
1934.
1933.
Year
1903.
1902.
1901.
64.9
63.9
54.2
45.5
42.4
37.0
1900.
1899
1898.
1897.
1896
64.6
56.5
59.1
55.5
53.8
43.5
37.5
38.7
35.9
34.3
1895
1894
1893
1892
1891
62.1
68.4
58.7
56.3
55.3
39.0
42.4
35.9
34.0
32.9
1890
61.3
36.0
Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Holder: 1890 to 1970
[In millions of dollars]
Debt, excluding real estate bonds
Total
debt,
including
real
estate
bonds
Institutional
Total
Noninstitutional
263
Total
Commercial
banks
265
266
Mutual
savings
banks
Savings
and loan
associations
Life
insurance
companies
268
269
Home
Owners'
Loan Corp.
Federal
National
Mortgage
Assn. 1
338,198
318,984
298,587
279,970
263,952
35,733
34,361
32,688
31.119
30,062
302,465
284,623
265,899
248,851
233,890
45,640
44,573
41,433
37,642
34,876
49,936
48,682
46,748
44,641
42,242
138,800
129,658
120,839
112,804
106,028
42,737
42,083
41,784
41,480
40,522
20,708
15,797
11,420
8,912
7,109
4,644
3,830
3,675
3,372
3,113
250,120
231,142
211,229
192,295
175,895
29,445
28,673
27,244
25,898
24,564
220,675
202,469
183,985
166,397
151,331
32,387
28,933
26,476
23,482
21,225
40,096
36,487
32,718
29,181
26,341
102,347
94,236
84,882
74.103
65,447
38,400
35,761
32,674
31,122
29,899
4,769
4,464
4,729
6,032
6,216
2,676
2,588
2,506
2,477
2,203
112,051
161,636
149,522
134,535
122,947
113,880
(NA)
22,493
21.120
19,701
17,757
16,707
(NA)
139,143
128,402
114,834
105,190
97,173
(NA)
20,362
20,320
18,591
17,147
17,004
17,004
24,306
22,486
20,935
19,010
17,703
17,703
57,569
51,187
44,122
38,885
34,761
35,014
28.744
27,249
25,921
24,992
23.745
23,745
6,297
5,581
3,937
4,011
3,085
3,047
1,865
1,579
1,328
1,145
875
(NA)
100,670
87,280
77,117
68,878
69,561
62,506
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
69,121
62,026
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
10,990
10,604
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
58,131
51,422
15,888
14,152
12,925
12,188
12,188
11,270
15,568
13,211
11,334
9.883
9,833
8,595
30,832
25,670
21,523
18,028
17,590
14,801
21,213
18.557
16.558
15,045
15,112
13,865
2,615
2,436
2,463
2,242
2,210
1,818
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,198
1,073
54,882
46,456
41,461
35,701
30,139
54,362
45,896
40,861
6 35,071
29,459
10,422
10,461
10,189
9,689
8,809
43,938
35,435
30,672
25,382
20,650
10,431
8,676
8,066
6,933
5,146
7,054
5,569
4,758
3,937
3,588
13.104
11,117
9,841
8,475
6,843
11,035
8,232
6,754
5,005
4,021
10
231
369
486
636
1,328
806
198
4
6
978
804
686
542
410
25,383
24,820
24,956
25,647
25,915
24,643
24,000
24,056
24,667
24,875
7,874
7,348
7,181
7,316
7,462
16,769
16,652
16,875
17,351
17,413
3,395
3,218
3,256
3,335
3,308
3,387
3,476
3,558
3,725
3.884
5,162
4,638
4,422
4,449
4,481
3,632
3,819
3,835
3.625
3,235
852
1,091
1,338
1,567
1,777
7
50
60
206
203
334
360
406
444
525
24,930
23,940
23,326
23,284
23,435
23.810
22,740
22,046
21,924
21,915
7,278
7,156
7,105
7,089
6,967
16,532
15,584
14,941
14,835
14,948
2,997
2,719
2,535
2,415
2,285
3,914
3,875
3,830
3,851
3,897
4,073
3.748
3,523
3,414
3,257
2,887
2,557
2,226
2,163
2,142
1,956
2,038
2,169
2,398
2,763
178
144
80
527
503
578
23,891
24,811
25,464
27,438
29,293
22,211
22.811
23,083
24,918
26,673
6,984
7,377
8,356
9,208
9,940
15,227
15,434
14,727
15,710
16,733
2,225
2,183
2,528
2,561
2,769
3,984
4,109
4,293
4,554
4,568
3,301
3.749
4,473
5,020
5,704
2,200
2,370
2.626
2,854
2,948
2,897
2,379
132
See footnotes at end of table.
647
N
118-137
Series N 262-272.
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Holder: 1890 to 1970—Con.
[In millions of dollars]
Debt, excluding real estate bonds
Total
debt,
including
real
estate
bonds
Institutional
Total
Noninstitutional
262
263
264
1930
1929
1928...
1927
1926
30,176
29,440
27,238
24,358
21,500
27,649
27,001
24,958
22,491
19,956
10,629
10,350
9,301
8,379
7,409
17,020
16,651
15,657
14,112
12,547
2,844
2,896
2,805
2,508
2,319
4,388
4,135
4,016
3,700
3,349
6,149
6,182
5,757
5,214
4,570
2,878
2,704
2,406
2,088
1,775
761
734
673
602
534
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
18,393
15,514
13,446
11,441
10,273
17,231
14,794
12,924
11,080
10,017
6,469
5,360
4,940
4,283
4,041
10,762
9,434
7,984
6,797
5,976
1,858
1,621
1,323
1,055
860
3,037
2,756
2,437
2,167
1,945
3,994
3,519
2,917
2,468
2,179
1,408
1,132
946
788
698
465
406
361
319
294
9,354
7,998
7,555
7,210
6,495
9,120
7,809
7,407
7,082
6,387
3,846
3,129
3,031
2,836
2,391
5,274
4,680
4,376
4,246
3,996
800
733
651
621
580
1,782
1,613
1,535
1,554
1,501
1,860
1,552
1,387
1,293
1,175
558
549
578
563
541
274
233
225
215
199
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
6,104
5,800
5,389
4,933
4,690
6,012
5,724
5,329
4,881
4,644
2,222
2,118
1,907
1,659
1,643
3,790
3,606
3,422
3,222
3,001
566
520
493
485
461
1,416
1,362
1,331
1,264
1,184
1,098
1,013
930
847
768
522
531
499
469
439
188
180
169
157
149
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
4,466
4,168
3,948
3,795
3,676
4,426
4,168
3,948
3,795
3,676
1,634
1,598
1,586
1,565
1,584
2,792
2,570
2,362
2,230
2,092
445
408
357
337
328
1,111
1,042
974
925
885
690
628
575
538
487
403
361
334
316
287
143
131
122
114
105
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
3,520
3,341
3,194
3,102
3,011
3,520
3,341
3,194
3,102
3,011
1,600
1,567
1,539
1,543
1,535
1,920
1,774
1,655
1,559
1,476
293
251
221
195
173
822
768
727
694
658
448
423
394
378
367
254
238
223
207
194
103
94
90
85
84
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
1890
2,917
2,835
2,783
2,746
2,711
2,292
2,917
2,835
2,783
2,746
2,711
2,292
1,493
1,466
1,430
1,411
1,369
1,424
1,369
1,353
1,335
1,342
158
148
144
140
141
632
595
570
550
532
371
376
396
403
429
183
172
169
169
166
80
78
74
73
74
Year
1920
1919
1918.
1917
1916
-
As of December 31.
1 - to 4-family structures
Total
273
1965.
1964
1963
1962
1961
.
... _
FHA
insured
VA
guaranteed
274
275
Total
FHA
insured
276
277
Other
265
266
267
268
269
272
Change was made so that components would
37.3
35.7
33.8
32.5
31.3
58.0
52.2
47.3
43.9
40.3
12.0
10.0
9.0
8.3
8.0
212.9
197.6
182.2
166.5
153.1
42.0
38.3
35.0
32.3
29.5
31.1
30.9
30.9
29.9
29.6
37.2
33.6
29.0
25.8
23.0
8.0
7.9
7.5
7.2
6.4
5-or-more unit structures
1 - to 4-family structures
Government-underwritten
Year
Total
273
59.9
54.5
50.6
47.4
44.8
Life
insurance
companies
F H A = Federal Housing Administration; VA — Veterans Administration]
280.2
266.8
251.2
236.1
223.6
648
Savings
and loan
associations
5-or-more unit structures
Government-underwritten
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
Mutual
savings
banks
Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Property, and GovernmentUnderwritten Debt: 1925 to 1970
[In billions of dollars.
Year
Commercial
banks
* Grebler-Blank-Winnick estimates.
6 Estimate shown in source is 35,061.
add to total.
N A N o t available.
1 Includes debt also held by Government National Mortgage Association.
2 Federal Reserve Board estimates.
' Klaman estimates.
Series N 273-277.
Total
I960... .
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951..
...
FHA
insured
VA
guaranteed
274
275
Total
FHA
insured
276
277
141.3
130.9
117.7
107.6
99.0
26.7
23.8
19.7
16.5
15.5
29.7
30.0
30.4
30.7
28.4
20.3
18.7
16.8
15.3
14.9
5.9
5.4
5.0
4.4
3.9
88.2
75.7
66.1
58.5
51.7
14.3
12.8
12.0
10.8
9.7
24.6
19.3
16.1
14.6
13.2
14.3
13.5
12.9
12.3
11.5
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.7
HOUSING
Series N 273-277.
N 273-290
Residential Nonfarm Mortgage Debt Outstanding, by Type of Property, and GovernmentUnderwritten Debt: 1925 to 1970—Con.
[In billions of dollars]
5-or-more unit structures
1 - to 4-family structures
Government-underwritten
Total
Year
FHA
insured
VA
guaranteed
274
275
273
Total
FHA
insured
276
277
Year
45.2
37.6
33.3
28.2
23.0
8.6
6.9
5.3
3.8
3.7
10.3
8.1
7.2
5.5
2.4
10.1
8.6
7.5
6.6
6.1
3.2
2.1
1.1
.5
.2
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
18.6
17.9
17.8
18.2
18.4
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.7
3.0
.2
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.9
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
1940
1939
1938
17.4
16.3
15.8
2.3
1.8
1.0
Z
(Z)
.1
.1
Total
FHA
insured
276
277
274
1937
1936
15.5
15.4
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
15.4
15.6
15.4
16.7
18.1
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
18.9
18.9
17.9
16.4
14.8
13.0
__ ___ _
5-or-more unit structures
Governmentunderwritten,
FHA
insured
Total
273
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
5.7
5.6
4.4
1 - to 4-family structures
0.6
.2
(Z)
4.5
4.6
(Z)
(Z)
4.8
5.1
5.7
6.0
6.2
(Z)
6.5
6.0
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.2
Less than $50 million.
Series N 278-284.
Mortgage Loans on 1- to 4-Family Houses, by Type of Lender: 1925 to 1950
[In millions of dollars.
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii]
Mortgage loans on 1 - to 4-family houses
Mortgage loans on 1 - to 4-family houses
Commercial
banks
Total
Mutual
savings
banks
Savings
Home
and loan
Life
Owners'
associa- insurance
Loan
tions
companies Corporation
.280
Individuals and
others
284
283
Commercial
banks
Total
3,429
2,236
2,636
2,986
2,677
1,400
990
980
658
556
5,237
3,636
3,607
3,811
3,584
1,742
1,093
1,132
906
492
2
2
2
2
4,200
3,112
3,000
2,844
2,700
4,867
4,004
3,362
3,319
3,931
923
726
654
721
847
267
189
160
179
243
1,913
1,454
1,184
1,051
1,379
209
300
272
374
371
4
31
54
40
63
1,551
1,304
1,038
954
1,028
3,510
2,912
2,437
604
470
204
157
177
1,200
986
798
324
274
242
143
151
81
801
740
669
282
1937
1936
2,588
2,302
513
472
196
202
897
755
232
140
27
128
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
2,259
3,170
1,093
1,408
2,232
474
195
233
257
368
118
95
104
254
353
564
451
414
543
892
77
16
10
54
169
583
2,263
132
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
3,189
4,442
4,947
4,857
4,863
4,240
455
538
696
585
819
650
352
468
544
517
475
450
1,262
1,791
1,932
1,895
1,824
1,620
400
525
525
500
465
400
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii]
Mortgage recordings of $20,000 or less
Commercial
banks
Mutual
savings
banks
Savings
and loan
associations
Life
insurance
companies
Mortgage recordings of $20,000 or less
All
others
Commercial
banks
Year
Mutual
savings
banks
Savings
and loan
associations
285
Life
insurance
companies
289
36,921
36,925
34,187
31,157
6,656
6,354
5,851
4,997
2,182
2,061
1,958
1,741
15,759
16,716
15,144
13,662
1,408
1,339
1,212
1,160
10,916
10,455
10,022
9,597
29,341
32,235
27,388
24,244
27,088
4,520
5,832
5,204
4,264
5,458
1,557
1,780
1,640
1,429
1,824
12,158
13,094
10,516
9,217
9,532
1,318
1,523
1,460
1,472
1,799
9,788
10,006
8,568
7,862
8,475
28,484
22,974
19,747
18,018
5,617
4,239
3,680
3,600
1,857
1,501
1,327
1,137
10,452
8,312
7,365
6,452
1,932
1,768
1,480
1,420
8,626
7,154
5,895
5,409
283
Mortgage Recordings of $20,000 or Less, by Type of Lender: 1939 to 1964
[In millions of dollars.
Total
Savings
Home
and loan
Life
Owners'
associa- insurance
Loan
tions
companies Corporation
Mutual
savings
banks
278
16,008
11,069
11,357
11,207
10,011
Series N 285-290.
Year
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
16,405
16,179
11,828
11,882
11,729
10,589
3,370
3,365
2,446
2,664
3,004
2,712
,013
,064
750
745
596
548
5,295
5,060
3,646
3,629
3,650
3,483
1,615
1,618
1,046
1,016
847
503
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
5,650
4,606
3,861
3,943
4,732
1,097
878
753
886
1,166
217
165
152
166
218
2,017
1,560
1,238
1,171
1,490
250
257
280
362
404
1940
1939
4,031
3,507
1,006
891
170
143
1,284
1,058
334
287
649
N
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING
118-137
Series N 291-300.
Major Federal Housing Finance Programs: 1934 to 1970
[In millions of dollars.
Includes Alaska and Hawaii for all years]
Loans made with Federal Housing Administration insurance
Year
Property
improvement loans,
net proceeds
296
297
Mortgage loans
Homes
Total
292
291
Projects
Loans
made with
Veterans
Administration
guaranty
Total
New
Existing
293
294
295
1970..
1969..
1968..
1967..
1966..
617
693
656
623
641
11,364
8,437
7,619
6,527
6,678
8,114
7,121
6,496
5,885
6,095
2,667
1,551
1,572
1,369
1,729
5,447
5,570
4,924
4,516
4,366
3,250
1,316
1,123
642
583
1965..
1964..
1963..
1962..
1961-
634
663
804
834
855
8,056
7,468
6,412
6,349
5,691
7,465
6,573
5,569
5,270
4,765
1,705
1,608
1,664
1,849
1,783
5,760
4,965
3,905
3,421
2,982
591
895
843
1,079
926
196019591958
19571956.
982
997
868
869
692
5,311
6,698
5,480
2,846
2,769
4,600
6,069
4,551
2,251
2,638
2,197
2,563
1,666
880
1,133
2,403
3,507
2,885
1,371
1,505
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951-
646
891
1,334
848
707
3,161
2,174
2,548
2,264
2,512
3,085
1,942
2,289
1,942
1,928
1,269
1,035
1,259
969
1,216
1950.
194919481947.
694
594
614
534
321
3,649
3,231
2,725
1,255
435
2,492
2,210
2,116
895
422
ms.
194419431942.
1941.
171
114
86
126
228
494
763
848
994
924
19401939.
1938.
1937_
1936 _
216
179
138
54
222
1935.
1934.
201
27
me-
-
(7)
650
Purchases 2
Sales 8
(gross)
298
299
1
3,442
4.072
3,774
3,405
2,600
5,712
5,119
4,534
1,400
2,081
154
61
21
12
2,652
2,851
3,042
2,650
1,836
757
198
181
547
47
78
780
391
522
711
628
929
595
130
1,984
2,788
1,864
3,758
5,866
980
735
260
1,021
575
42
3
466
1,816
907
1,030
974
713
76
232
259
322
584
7,154
4,256
2,464
2,678
4,252
86
1,637
1,317
1,432
477
120
856
892
684
418
302
1,157
1,021
609
360
13
3.073
1,424
1,877
3,283
2,302
474
707
763
973
911
257
484
553
766
728
217
224
210
208
183
20
56
85
21
14
775
747
533
436
311
762
695
486
424
309
587
486
240
169
95
175
208
246
256
214
13
52
48
10
2
96
94
22
Represents zero.
Includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Virgin Islands for all years.
Beginning 1968, includes purchases and sales of Government National Mortgage
Association; see text.
2 Purchases and sales during the year.
1
Federal National
Mortgage Association
0)
5
6
• 192
72
» Includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Guam for all years.
' Loans outstanding at the end of the year.
6 Includes direct loans sold with a guaranty.
6 Includes 1944 activity.
' Included in 1935 figures.
N 301-307
HOUSING
Series N 301.
Real Estate Foreclosures of Nonfarm Properties: 1926 to 1970
[New series is based on a new, 1967, benchmark and includes Alaska and Hawaii and farm foreclosures; the old series excludes them]
Year
Number
Number
Year
301
101,070
95,856
110,404
134,203
OLD SERIES
1968
1967
1966
1965...
301
OLD S E R I E S — C o n .
NEW SERIES
1970
1969
1968.
1967.
90,941
110,541
117,473
116,664
Number
Year
301
108,620
98,195
86,444
73.074
51,353
1954
1953
1952
1951.
1950
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955 _
44.075
42,367
34,204
30,963
28,529
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945
Series N 302-307.
_
.
26,211
21,473
18,135
18,141
21,537
1944
1943
1942 .
1941
1940
17,635
13,052
10,559
10,453
12,706
1939
1938
1937
1936
1935
.
Number
301
OLD S E R I E S — C o n .
.
Year
301
OLD S E R I E S — C o n .
1964
1963
1962..
1961
1960
_ _
Number
Year
OLD S E R I E S — C o n .
17,153
25,281
41,997
58,559
75,556
1934
1933
1932
1931
1930
230,350
252,400
248,700
193,800
150,000
100,410
118,357
151,366
185,439
228,713
1929
1928
1927
1926
134,900
116,000
91,000
68,100
..
.
Mortgage Status of Nonfarm Owner-Occupied Housing Units: 1890 to 1970
[In thousands, except as indicated]
Year
1970 1
1960*
1956
1950
1940.
1930. _ . . . 1920 __ . _ _
1910.. _
1900.
1890
Reporting
mortgage
status
,302
303
,
_
. _
.
. . .
.
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
N A N o t available.
Total
owneroccupied
housing
units
Not
mortgaged
Median
debt-to-value
ratio of
mortgaged
unite
(percent)
306
307
Mortgaged
Number
Percent
304
305
33,206
27,862
25,637
19,802
11,413
33,206
27,862
25,637
17,796
10,611
20,110
15,816
14,203
7,825
4,805
60.6
56.8
55.4
44.0
45.3
13,096
12,046
11,434
9,971
5,806
10,550
7,041
5,245
3,567
2,924
(NA)
6,868
5,110
3,395
2,924
(NA)
2,736
1,701
1,087
810
(NA)
39.8
33.3
32.0
27.7
(NA)
4,132
3,409
2,308
2,114
1
52.0
53.3
(NA)
42.0
52.4
42.6
39.8
Data as of 1971.
651
Chapter P
Manufactures
P 1-374.
General note.
Manufacturing is the mechanical or chemical transformation of
inorganic or organic substances into new products. The assembly of
component parts of products is also considered to be manufacturing if
the resulting product is neither a structure nor other fixed improvement.
These activities are usually carried on in plants, factories, or mills,
which characteristically use power-driven machines and materialshandling equipment.
Manufacturing production is usually carried on for the wholesale
market, for transfer to other plants of the same company, or to the
order of industrial users rather than for direct sale to the household
consumer. However, some manufacturers (e.g., baking, milk bottling, etc.) sell chiefly at retail to household consumers through the
mail, house-to-house routes, or salesmen. Some activities of a service
nature (enameling, binding, platemaking, etc.) are included in manufacturing when they are performed primarily for the trade; but they
are considered nonmanufacturing when they are performed primarily
to the order of the household consumer. On the other hand, some
manufacturing industries include business firms which do not undertake
physical production but perform only the entrepreneurial functions
of buying the materials, designing, and marketing the product, and
have the actual production done on contract (e.g., apparel jobbers).
In addition to the production of goods and manufacturing services,
manufacturing plants engage in related and diverse supporting activities. These activities encompass the acquisition of materials to be
processed, their movement into the manufacturing facility, their
storage at the manufacturing site, the operation and maintenance of
plant and equipment, the design of flow of work through the production process, and necessary arrangements for shipment of output to
customers. Also included are a host of subsidiary activities associated
with the conduct of the establishment as a manufacturing entity;
e.g., management and policy formation, product and market orientation, engineering and quality control, record keeping and accounting,
physical security of plant and equipment, and the like. Such subsidiary activities may be performed by personnel located at the manufacturing facility or at an auxiliary unit serving one or more manufacturing locations of the same company. Where these activities are
carried on at a different physical location or are performed for more
than one plant, they are excluded from the figures for operating manufacturing establishments and are included in the data shown for
central administrative offices and auxiliaries in the source reports.
The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual, published
by the Office of Management and Budget, is a classification structure
for the entire national economy. It was first issued in 1939. For
the manufacturing industries, a revised manual was issued in 1945
which, with minor modifications, was used in the 1947 Census of Manufactures. For the 1954 census, the classification structure used in
1947 was again employed, again with minor modifications. In 1957,
the SIC system was extensively revised for manufacturing industries
and historical comparability of some data was seriously affected.
This revision and its effects on census series are described in the introduction and appendixes to the 1958 Census of Manufactures
volumes. A minor revision of the SIC occurred between 1958 and
1963. Another extensive revision of the SIC was issued in 1972.
In the manufacturing sector, the SIC Manual built upon the Bureau
of the Census manufacturing industry classifications developed over
the years. The SIC system was developed for use in classifying
establishments by type of activity in which they are engaged in order
to facilitate the collection, tabulation, and publication of data relating
652
to establishments and to promote uniformity and comparability in the
presentation of statistical data by government agencies, trade associations, research organizations, and others. The SIC system
divides all activities into broad industrial divisions (manufacturing,
mining, retail trade, agriculture, etc.). It further subdivides each
division into major industry groups, then into industry groups, and
finally into detailed industries.
Except as noted, Alaska and Hawaii are included in census of manufactures data and in annual survey of manufactures data beginning
1958.
P 1-12.
Manufactures summary, 1849-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Annual Survey of Manufactures,
1970-1971, p. 10.
The basic source of comprehensive data on manufactures has been
the census of manufactures conducted by the Bureau of the Census.
The first census of manufactures covered 1809. A census was taken
at 10-year intervals thereafter to 1899 (with the exception of 1829),
at 5-year intervals for 1904-1919, and biennially for 1921-1939. The
census was suspended during World War II, but was resumed for 1947.
Legislation enacted in 1948 provided for a census of manufactures every
5 years, with annual sample surveys authorized for interim years. The
1954 census was the first to be taken as a result of this legislation.
Subsequently, the census intervals were revised and censuses were
taken in 1958, 1963, and 1967. Annual surveys of manufactures
were conducted every year beginning 1949, except during census years.
The data from the annual surveys represent estimates derived from a
sample of manufacturing establishments canvassed. These estimates
may differ from the results that would have been obtained from a
complete canvass of all manufacturing establishments. The relative
standard errors (measures of the potential differences) associated
with these estimates are published in the annual survey volumes.
There have been changes in scope from one census of manufactures
to another. For "factories and hand and neighborhood industries,"
data for 1849-1899 are for all establishments with products valued at
$500 or more. For "factories, excluding hand and neighborhood industries," data for 1899-1919 are for establishments reporting value
of shipments of $500 or more; for 1921-1939, for establishments reporting value of shipments of $5,000 or more, while data beginning
1947 are for establishments employing one or more persons at any
time during the census year. These changes in the minimum size
limit have not appreciably affected the historical comparability of
the census figures except for data on number of establishments.
There have also been a number of changes in the definition of manufacturing industries. Among the more important were changes in
the treatment of "railroad repair shops" and "manufactured gas."
These industries are included in the figures for 1899-1933, but excluded
for 1935-1970. When the change results in the omission of an entire
industry for which separate tabulations are available during each
census, the adjustments are usually carried back through the previous
censuses. Beginning 1954, the figures cover the logging camps and
contractors industry, which was not included within the scope of the
1947 census; and establishments engaged in the processing and distribution of fluid milk, which were not included in the figures for earlier
census years. Beginning 1958, the figures cover establishments classified in the ready-mixed concrete industry, and establishments classified in the miscellaneous machinery industry that were engaged exclusively or almost exclusively in machine shop repair work. Data for
MANUFACTURES SUMMARY
such establishments are excluded for 1939 to 1957 but included for
1929 and earlier years.
For a discussion of changes between 1929 and 1958, see U.S. Bureau
of the Census, Census Working Paper, No. 9, 1959, by Harold T.
Goldstein. There have been no major changes since 1958.
P 1-2, number of establishments. The reporting units in each
census have been establishments rather than legal entities or companies. Conceptually, an establishment is a geographically isolated
manufacturing unit maintaining independent bookkeeping records,
regardless of its managerial or financial affiliations. An establishment
may be a single plant, a group of closely located plants operated as a
unit, or a group of closely located plants operated by a single company
without separate records for each. The establishment is also the basic
unit of industrial classification, being assigned to an industry on the
basis of its reported product of chief total value. Establishments
owned and operated by the Federal Government are excluded from
census coverage.
P 3-5, persons engaged in manufacturing. The figures for 19391970 exclude personnel reported by manufacturing establishments as
in distribution and in construction work (the 1939 and subsequent
censuses required separate reporting for such employees). Therefore,
the employee figures for earlier years probably are not strictly comparable with those for 1939-1970. It is not known how many of the
wage earners and the salaried employees reported in previous censuses
were engaged in distribution and construction, and how many were
engaged in manufacturing. The figures for nonproduction employees
are derived by subtracting the figures for production workers from
those for all employees shown in the source. For nonproduction
employees, series P 4, the figures for 1939 and earlier years refer to
one payroll period, usually in October; for 1947, to an average of 12
monthly figures; for 1949 to 1954, to an average for the payroll period
ended nearest the 12th of March, May, August, and November; and
for 1955 to 1970, to the payroll period ended nearest the 12th of March.
For production workers, series P 5, the figures for 1947 and earlier years
represent the average of 12 monthly figures; for 1949 to 1970, they are
based on employment for the payroll period ended nearest the 12th of
March, May, August, and November.
Employees comprise all full-time and part-time employees on the
payrolls of operating establishments who worked or received pay for
any part of the pay period specified on the report form. Officers of
corporations are included as employees; proprietors and partners of
unincorporated firms are, however, excluded from the total. In recent censuses, employment at separate administrative offices and auxiliary units is excluded from this category.
There has not been a consistent treatment of employees in central administrative offices. The latter are defined as offices which operate one
or more manufacturing plants located in a city or cities other than that
in which the administrative office is located. For the censuses of 19091923, data on employees in such offices were collected on a separate
"administrative schedule" and were tabulated and included with those
for salaried employees (and, therefore, with all employees) of the manufacturing plants. Thereafter, these data were collected and tabulated
for the censuses of 1925, 1929, and 1937. Beginning 1954, separate
data on employment in administrative offices and auxiliary establishments were compiled in census years and are shown in census of manufactures publications. The figures for nonproduction employees for
1925 and 1929 include employees in central administrative offices.
T o make the 1937 figure for nonproduction employees more comparable
to the figures for 1929 and earlier years (except 1927), 130,854 employees in central administrative offices should be added to the 1937
figure (1937 Census of Manufactures, p. 1652), and to make the 1954
figure more comparable to the figures for 1929 and earlier years (except 1927), 474,256 employees in administrative and auxiliary units
should be added to the 1954 figure (U.S. Census of Manufactures:
1951,, vol. II, part 1, p. 2).
Collection of data on proprietors and partners was discontinued
after the 1963 census.
P 1-10
Production workers are defined as workers (up through the working
foreman level) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping
(but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services, product development, auxiliary production for plants' own use
(e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated
with these production operations at the establishment covered by the
report. Supervisory employees above the working foreman level are
excluded from this category.
Decennial estimates of wage earners (production and related workers) excluding hand and neighborhood industries have been prepared
for 1869-1899 by John W. Kendrick and Maude Pech for the National Bureau of Economic Research. The following is the estimated number of wage earners for each of these years: 1869,
1,803,000; 1879 , 2,454,000; 1889, 3,562,000; 1899, 4,496,000. This
estimate for 1899 differs from the official Census Bureau estimate
(series P 5) by only one-tenth of one percent. For details of estimating
procedure, see John W. Kendrick, Productivity Trends in the United
States, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1961,
appendix D.
P 6, man-hours, production workers. This series covers all plant
man-hours of production and related workers. It represents all manhours worked or paid for except hours paid for vacations, holidays,
or sick leave and includes actual overtime hours. Where employees
elected to work during vacation periods, only the actual hours they
worked were reported. The man-hour figures issued by the Census
Bureau differ from those published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
which cover all hours paid for, whether or not worked.
P 7-9, payroll. These figures include gross earnings paid in the
calendar year to all employees on the payroll of operating manufacturing establishments. They include all forms of compensation
such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, all bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind, prior to such
deductions as employees' Social Security contributions, withholding
taxes, group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. Salaries of
officers of these establishments are included for corporations; payments
to proprietors and partners are excluded for unincorporated concerns.
Also excluded are payments to members of Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the active payrolls of manufacturing establishments.
Employers' Social Security contributions or other nonlabor costs such
as pension plans, group insurance, and workmen's compensation are
also excluded.
P 10, value added by manufacture. The standard formula for calculating value added by manufacture since 1958 differs from the one
used for 1954 and earlier years. Prior to 1958, the value added of an
establishment was calculated by subtracting the cost of materials, supplies, containers, fuels, purchased electric energy, and contract work
from the value of shipments for products manufactured plus miscellaneous receipts for services rendered. This is known as unadjusted
value added. Beginning 1958, the measure of value added has been
adjusted for each establishment in two respects. Value added now
includes: (1) Value added by merchandising, i.e., the difference between the sales value and cost of merchandise sold without further
manufacture, processing or assembly; and (2) an adjustment for the
net change in finished goods and work-in-process inventories between
the beginning and end of the year. The resulting figure is the adjusted
value added. This procedure avoids the duplication in the "value of
shipments" figures which results from the use of products of some
establishments as materials by others. The "value added by manufacture" concept should not be confused with "national income originating in manufacturing," as presented in the national income estimates (see chapter F). The latter is obtained by subtracting from
the value of shipments not only the cost of materials, but also such
other costs as depreciation charges, State and local taxes (other than
corporate income taxes), allowance for bad debts, and purchases of
services from nonmanufacturing enterprises such as services of engineering and management consultants, advertising, telephone and
653
MANUFACTURES
P 11-39
telegraph expense, insurance, royalties, patent fees, etc. It is, therefore, a more "net" concept of value added than that used in the census
of manufactures. Value added by manufacture in 1967, for example,
exceeded national income originating in manufacturing, as estimated
by the U.S. Office of Business Economics, by 34 percent.
Robert E. Gallman prepared estimates of value added for the
census years 1839 to 1879 by adjusting manufacturing totals to exclude
nonmanufacturing industries and by correcting for industries omitted
from or poorly covered by the various censuses. These estimates are
extrapolations based on data prepared by Richard A. Easterlin and
published in "Estimates of Manufacturing Activity," Population
Redistribution and Economic Growth, United States, 1870-1950, vol. I,
by Everett S. Lee, Ann Ratner, Carol P. Brainerd, and Richard A.
Easterlin, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1957, pp.
635-681. The following are Gallman's estimates:
1955-62 and for years 1964 through 1970, annual levels were adjusted
to the detailed results of a new annual production index program for
all 4-digit manufacturing industries based largely on deflated data
from the Census Bureau's Annual Survey of Manufactures. Revised
production levels for 1940 through 1946 are based on a combination of
several types of independent annual data adjusted to the CensusFederal Reserve benchmark indexes from 1939 to 1947.
The year 1967 was selected for use as the weight base for the most
recent period, beginning 1967. The year 1963 is used for the 1963-66
period, 1958 for the 1958-62 period, and 1954 for the 1954-57 period.
The year 1947 continues to be used as the weight base for the 1947-52
period and 1939 weights have been introduced for the 1939-46 period.
For a more detailed description of the revised production series, see
the source report of the Federal Reserve Bulletin for July 1971.
P 14.
Table I.
Value Added by Manufacture
[In millions of dollars]
Year
1899.
1889.
1879.
1869.
1859.
1849
1839
Current
prices
5,044
3,727
1,962
1,631
815
447
240
Prices
of 1879
6,252
4,156
1,962
1,078
859
488
190
Source: Robert E. Gallman, "Commodity Output in the United States, 1839-1899,"
Studies in Income and Wealth, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York,
1961, vol. 24, table A 13.
NBER index of manufacturing production, 1929-1966.
Source: John W. Kendrick, Postwar Productivity Trends in the United
States, 19^8-1969, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York,
1973, table A 32 (copyright).
The manufacturing output index is based on the Census-Federal
Reserve Board (FRB) benchmark production indexes for 1947, 1954,
1958, and 1963, interpolated and extrapolated to 1966 by the F R B
indexes of manufacturing production.
See also John W. Kendrick, Productivity Trends in the United States,
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1961.
P 15-16.
NBER index of manufacturing production, 1899-1919.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data.
P 11, capital expenditures, new. Manufacturers were asked to report expenditures made during the year for permanent additions and
major alterations to their plants, as well as for new machinery and
equipment purchases that were chargeable to fixed-asset accounts of
manufacturing establishments and were of a type for which depreciation accounts are ordinarily maintained. Excluded are costs of maintenance and repairs charged as current operating expense, new facilities
and equipment leased from other companies, new facilities owned by
the Federal Government but operated under contract by private companies, and plant and equipment furnished to manufacturers by communities and organizations. Beginning 1951, the figures include expenditures for plants under construction and not yet in operation.
(In the series by major groups, P 58-67, however, such expenditures
are included beginning only in 1958.)
P 12, end-of-year inventories. Respondents were asked to report
their inventories at approximate current costs if feasible; otherwise at
book values. See also text for series P 74-92.
P 13.
FRB index of manufacturing production, 1919-1970.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Industrial Production, 1971 Edition, S-45.
In the 1971 revision of the FRB industrial production index detailed
adjustments were made to independently compiled Census-Federal
Reserve benchmark and annual production levels for this series. All
of the revisions have been carried back in detail to 1954 and in more
limited fashion to 1939. The index comparison base has been updated to the single year 1967. Conversion to the new base has been
carried back to the beginning of the index in 1919.
In this revision the manufacturing series was adjusted in detail
to changes in the comprehensive Census-Federal Reserve production benchmarks for the years 1954 to 1958 and 1958 to 1963; the index
had previously been adjusted to such benchmark changes for manufacturing from 1939 to 1947 and from 1947 to 1954. Where adequate product data were not available for the intervening years
654
These data were prepared by extending and shifting the production
indexes originally prepared from census of manufactures data by
Solomon Fabricant, National Bureau of Economic Research. The
original data were first presented in Solomon Fabricant, The Output
of Manufacturing Industries, 1899-1937, National Bureau of Economic
Research, New York, 1940. These indexes cover only those years for
which a census of manufactures was taken. Because of the inadequacy of data for most groups, no attempt was made to interpolate
between intercensal years. For details of method of construction,
see Fabricant's book, chapter 2 and appendix A.
P 17.
Frickey index of manufacturing production, 1860-1914.
Source: Edwin Frickey, Production in the United States, 1860-19H,
Harvard Economic Studies, Harvard University Press, 1947, p. 54.
In the derivation of these indexes, Frickey employed the weighted
arithmetic mean of quantity relatives. With respect to weighting,
he took the value-added principle as his standard and conformed to
this standard as nearly as possible with existing data. For details on
constituent series, see the source, appendixes A and B.
Making use of the figures for series P 13-17 and other data, John W.
Kendrick has constructed an index of manufacturing, with 1929 as
the base, for benchmark years 1869, 1879, and 1889, and annually
thereafter through 1953. See appendix table D-II for figures and appendix D for description of this index in Kendrick's Productivity
Trends in the United States, National Bureau of Economic Research,
New York, 1961.
P 18-39. Indexes of manufacturing production (FRB), by industry
group, 1947-1970.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal
Reserve Bulletin, July 1971 and later issues, and unpublished data.
See text for series P 13.
text for series P 58-67.
For description of industry groups, see
INDEXES AND SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS
P 40-57. Indexes of manufacturing production, by industry group,
1899-1954.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished data.
See text for series P 15 and 16.
For a listing of changes in industry classifications as of 1947, see
Census of Manufactures, 19^7, Indexes of Production, footnote to table
1, p. 1. For an annual index of durable and nondurable production
(1899 =100) for 1860-1914, see text for series P 17.
P 58-67. General statistics for manufacturing industries, by major
groups, 1899-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. For all series except P 67,
earliest year shown to 1967, Census of Manufactures, 1967, vol. II,
parts 1, 2, and 3, table 1 for each major group; 1968-1970, Annual
Survey of Manufactures, 1971. Series P 67, earliest year shown to
1929, Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1939, vol. II, Manufactures,
1929; 1939, Census of Manufactures: 195k, vol. II, parts 1 and 2; 1954.
and 1962, Census of Manufactures: 1963, vol. I, pp. 6-10.
See general note for series P 1-374 and text for series P 1-12.
Food and kindred products. This group includes establishments
manufacturing foods and beverages for human consumption and certain related products, such as manufactured ice, chewing gum, vegetable and animal fats and oils, and prepared feeds for animals and fowls.
Also included are establishments primarily engaged in processing and
distributing fluid milk and cream and those primarily engaged in
extracting animal and vegetable oils.
Figures are not shown prior to 1921 because they are not sufficiently
comparable with those for later years owing to numerous changes in
classification.
Tobacco manufactures. This group includes establishments manufacturing cigarettes, cigars, smoking and chewing tobacco, and snuff,
and stemming and redrying tobacco.
Textile miU products. This group includes establishments: (1)
Manufacturing yarn, thread, cordage, and twine; (2) manufacturing
woven fabric, carpets and rugs, braids, laces, knit fabric, knit garments,
and other products from yarn; (3) dyeing and finishing fibers, yarn,
and fabrics; and (4) coating, waterproofing, and otherwise treating
fabric. Also included are establishments weaving or knitting fabrics
and also manufacturing finished apparel or other fabricated textile
products in the same establishment.
Apparel and other textile products. This group includes establishments producing clothing and fabricated products by cutting and
sewing purchased woven or knit textile fabrics and related materials
such as leather, rubberized fabrics, plastics and furs. Excluded from
this group are knitting mills primarily engaged in manufacturing apparel from yarns knitted in the same establishment and weaving mills
that further process the fabric at the same establishment into such
end products as sheets, towels, and pillowcases, both of which are
classified in textile mill products. Custom tailors and dressmakers,
who manufacture and sell apparel in the same retail establishment,
are classified as nonmanufacturing.
Three types of establishments are included in this group: (1) The
regular factories or "manufacturers," (2) the apparel "jobbers," and
(3) the contract factories or "contractors." The manufacturers purchase fabric, employ production workers in their own plants to cut
and sew the materials into apparel, and sell the final product. The
jobbers primarily perform entrepreneurial functions such as buying
raw materials, designing and preparing samples, arranging for the manufacture of the garments from their materials, and selling of the finished
apparel. The actual processing (cutting, sewing, etc.) is performed
on contract by the apparel contractors, although many jobbers perform the cutting operation in their own establishments. Apparel jobbers are included in manufacturing. However, jobbers of miscellaneous fabricated textile products, such as curtains, draperies, etc., are
classified in wholesale trade.
Lumber and wood products. This group includes logging camps
cutting timber and pulpwood, merchant sawmills, lath mills, shingle
mills, cooperage-stock mills, planing mills, and plywood mills and
P 40-67
veneer mills producing lumber and wood basic materials; and establishments manufacturing finished articles made entirely or mainly of wood
or wood substitutes. See also furniture and fixtures and miscellaneous
manufacturing.
Woodworking in connection with construction, in the nature of
reconditioning and repair, or performed to individual order, is classified in nonmanufacturing.
Furniture and fixtures. This group includes establishments manufacturing household, office, public building, and restaurant furniture;
and office and store fixtures. Establishments primarily engaged in
woodworking to individual order or in reconditioning and repair are
classified in nonmanufacturing.
Paper and allied products. This group includes the manufacture of
pulps primarily from wood, and from rags and other cellulose fibers;
the conversion of these pulps into paper or board; and the manufacture
of paper and paperboard into converted products such as coated paper,
paper bags, paperboard boxes, and envelopes. Certain types of converted paper products—such as abrasive paper, carbon paper, and
photo-sensitized and blueprint paper—are classified in other groups.
Printing and publishing. This group includes establishments engaged in printing, such as letterpress, lithography, gravure, or screen;
establishments which perform printing services such as bookbinding,
typesetting, engraving, photoengraving, and electrotyping and establishments publishing newspapers, books, and periodicals, regardless
of whether or not they do their own printing.
News syndicates are
classified in service industries, and textile printing and finishing in
textile mill products. Prior to 1935, data reported by religious, social,
charitable, educational, and other nonprofit organizations are not
included; thereafter, data are included only for such nonprofit organizations whose employees are covered by the Social Security
system.
Chemicals and allied products. This group includes establishments
producing basic chemicals, and establishments manufacturing products
by predominantly chemical processes. Establishments classified in
this group manufacture three general classes of products: (1) Basic
chemicals such as acids, alkalies, salts, and organic chemicals; (2)
chemical products to be used in further manufacture such as synthetic
fibers, plastics materials, dry colors, and pigments; and (3) finished
chemical products to be used for ultimate consumption, such as drugs,
cosmetics, and soaps, or to be used as materials or supplies in other
industries, such as paints, fertilizers, and explosives. Establishments
primarily packaging, repacking, and bottling purchased chemicals
and allied products are classified in trade industries.
Petroleum and coal products. This group includes establishments
primarily engaged in petroleum refining, manufacturing paving and
roofing materials, and compounding lubricating oils and greases from
purchased materials. Establishments manufacturing and distributing
gas to consumers are classified in public utilities industries, and those
primarily engaged in producing coke and byproducts in primary metal
industries. Establishments primarily engaged in producing crude
petroleum, natural gas, natural gasoline, and cycle condensation are
classified in mining industries.
Rubber and plastics products, not elsewhere classified. This group
includes establishments manufacturing from natural, synthetic, or
reclaimed rubber, gutta percha, balata, or gutta siak, rubber products
such as tires, rubber footwear, mechanical rubber goods; heels and
soles, flooring, and rubber sundries. It also includes establishments
manufacturing or rebuilding retreaded tires, but automobile tire repair shops engaged in recapping and retreading automobile tires are
classified in services. This group also includes establishments molding
primary plastics for the trade and manufacturing miscellaneous finished
plastics products. Elastic webbing, products made of elastic webbing
and garments made from rubberized fabrics, synthetic rubber, and
plastics materials in the form of sheets, rods, tubes, granules, powders,
and liquids are classified elsewhere.
Leather and leather products. This group includes establishments
tanning, currying, and finishing hides and skins; establishments manufacturing finished leather and artificial leather products and some
655
P 58-67
MANUFACTURES
similar products made of other materials; and leather converters.
Stone, clay, and glass products. This group includes establishments
manufacturing flat glass and other glass products, cement, structural
clay products, pottery, concrete, and gypsum products, cut-stone
products, abrasive and asbestos products, etc., from materials taken
principally from the earth in the form of stone, clay, and sand. When
separate reports are available for mines and quarries operated by
these establishments, the mining activities are classified in mining
industries; otherwise, the mining activities are classified here.
Primary metal industries. This group includes establishments
smelting and refining ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig, or
scrap; rolling,drawing, and alloying of ferrous and nonferrous metals;
manufacturing castings, forgings, and other basic products of ferrous
and nonferrous metals; and manufacturing nails, spikes, and insulated
wire and cable. It also includes the production of coke.
Figures are not shown prior to 1937 because of large elements of
noncomparability in the earlier statistics of a number of the industries
included.
Fabricated metal products. This group includes establishments
primarily manufacturing a wide variety of fabricated metal products.
Other important segments of the metal fabricating industries are classified in machinery, transportation equipment, instruments and
related products, furniture and fixtures, and miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
The industries included here encompass a varied group of finished
products (cutlery, hardware, oil burners, plumbing fixtures, metal
doors, safes, etc.), materials or components for incorporation into
other products (sheet metal work, steel springs, bolts and nuts, etc.),
containers (metal cans, metal shipping barrels and drums, and collapsible tubes), and service operations performed on a job or order basis
for the trade (for example, galvanizing, coating, and engraving).
Figures are not shown prior to 1937 because they are not sufficiently
comparable with those for later years principally owing to the inclusion
in earlier years of establishments primarily manufacturing valves and
fittings, except plumbers', and the exclusion of establishments primarily
manufacturing stamped, pressed, and spun aluminum ware.
Machinery, except electrical. This group includes establishments
primarily producing a wide variety of machinery and equipment items.
The industries included encompass the whole range of industrial
machinery, other than electrical. To a considerable extent, the products fall into the producers' heavy equipment category, are frequently
of a complex character, and are produced both to individual order and
as standard items. Industries in some of the subgroups are defined
in terms of end products, and the parts, attachments, and accessories
for these items are included in the industry of the end product unless
specifically classified elsewhere in the Standard Industrial Classification. The volume of shipments of machinery parts and accessories
in some industries constitutes a significant portion of total shipments.
These parts producers are generally smaller establishments but there
are a large number of them. The machine shops subgroup includes
plants producing a broad variety of miscellaneous parts made by job
machine shops.
Plants primarily rebuilding machinery or equipment on a factory
basis were formerly included in this group. However, such rebuilding
activities are now classified according to the original industry classification of the product being rebuilt. Plants primarily rebuilding automotive parts are included in the transportation equipment group.
Plants primarily rebuilding machine tools, metalworking machinery,
and office and store machines are included in the industry of the plants
producing the original equipment.
Figures are not shown prior to 1937 because they are not sufficiently
comparable with those for later years, owing principally to their inclusion of establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of aircraft
engines and in machine shop repairs.
Electrical equipment and supplies. This group covers establishments
primarily manufacturing machinery, apparatus and supplies for the
generation, storage, transmission, transformation, and utilization of
electrical energy. Products included consist of equipment and ap656
paratus for industrial or commercial use as well as goods for household
consumption—for example, electric lamps, lighting fixtures, wiring
devices and supplies, ranges, ovens, water heaters, fans and small
electric appliances, household refrigerators and freezers, household
laundry equipment, sewing machines, and vacuum cleaners.
A number of products which are sometimes considered "as belonging"
in electrical equipment are classified in other groups in the 1957 edition
of the SIC Manual in use for 1963. For example, machinery or
equipment powered by built-in or detachable electric motors, such as
machine tools and other metalworking equipment, commercial laundry
and dry cleaning equipment, industrial vacuum cleaners, and office
and store machines are classified as machinery, except electrical.
Establishments primarily producing glass insulators, glass blanks for
bulbs, and porcelain electrical supplies are classified in the stone, clay,
glass, and concrete products group.
Industries included here are typically defined in terms of products
and may include both electrical and electronic equipment. Electronic
components are frequently produced and consumed at the same location by establishments classified in this group. Thus, there are (1)
plants solely engaged in producing electronic components, (2) plants
producing electronic components and assembling them into finished
products, and (3) plants which assemble components produced elsewhere either in other plants of the same company or by other companies. Other types of components and equipment such as motors,
generators, and motor-generator sets are not uncommonly produced
for incorporation into other products made in the same plant.
Transportation equipment. This group covers establishments primarily manufacturing equipment for transportation of passengers and
cargo by land, air, and water. Important products include motor
vehicles, aircraft, ships, boats, railroad equipment, and miscellaneous
transportation equipment such as motorcycles, bicycles, etc. It also
includes, since 1967, guided missile components, not elsewhere classified; and receipts from research and development on aircraft parts,
guided missile components, not elsewhere classified, and airplane and
missile engines.
Certain products sometimes associated with or considered a part of
transportation equipment are classified in other groups in the SIC.
For example, wheeltype tractors, tracklaying tractors, mining cars,
and industrial trucks, tractors, trailers, and stackers are classified as
machinery, except.electrical; and ignition systems and storage batteries
as electrical equipment and supplies.
Railroad shops are not classified as manufacturing by the SIC and,
therefore, such activities are not included in employment and other
establishment totals for this group.
Figures are not shown prior to 1937 because they are not sufficiently
comparable with later years owing to their exclusion of establishments
primarily engaged in manufacture of aircraft engines and of a number
of large establishments classified prior to 1937 in other industry groups.
Instruments and related products. This group covers establishments
primarily manufacturing mechanical measuring, engineering, laboratory, and scientific research instruments; optical instruments and
lenses; surgical, medical, and dental instruments, equipment, and supplies; ophthalmic goods; photographic equipment and supplies; and
watches and clocks. Establishments primarily manufacturing instruments for indicating, measuring, and recording electrical quantities
and characteristics are classified in electrical equipment and supplies.
During 1958 to 1963, reports received from some large establishments
indicated a change from the manufacture primarily of such individual
instruments as those used for indicating air speed, rate-of-climb, angleof-yaw and similar flight characteristics, and gyroscopes which are
sold separately, to the manufacture primarily of complete instrumentation systems for navigation, guidance, check-out etc. The major
impact of this change has been on the classification of products and,
consequently, the SIC coding of these large establishments.
As a result, the annual data for 1958-1962 were revised. Because
of the shift in recent years from instruments classified in this group to
complete systems classified in the electrical equipment and supplies
group, the year-to-year changes are of dubious validity for the industries
POWER EQUIPMENT AND SHIPMENTS
considered separately. The two industries taken in combination
however, wojild yield significant measures of activity in the general
area.
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. This group covers establishments primarily manufacturing products not classified in any other
group. Industries in this group fall into the following categories:
Jewelry, and silverware and plated ware; musical instruments; toys,
and sporting and athletic goods; pens, pencils, and other office and
artists' materials; buttons, costume novelties, and miscellaneous notions; brooms and brushes; morticians' goods; and other miscellaneous
manufacturing industries.
For 1953 and earlier years, data for ordnance and accessories are included with this group. For 1954 and subsequent years data for the
ordnance and accessories group are published separately in the source
volumes.
Figures are not shown prior to 1947 because they are not sufficiently
comparable with those for later years owing to their exclusion of establishments primarily manufacturing rubber dolls, carousels and other
amusement park rides, electric vibrators, exercisers and reducers,
blasting and detonating caps, safety fuses, and pressed and molded
pulp goods; and inclusion of establishments primarily manufacturing
cellophane bags, aluminum tags, and hair clippers for human use.
P 68-73. Horsepower of power equipment in manufacturing industries,
1869-1962.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, 1963,
vol. I, p. 6-9.
The first census of power equipment available in manufacturing
establishments was made by the Bureau of the Census in 1870 covering
the year 1869. Because certain industries included in earlier censuses
were not covered by the 1939 census, the power equipment statistics
from 1899 through 1929 were adjusted in 1939 to provide a comparable
series for the 70-year period. The comparability of the 1954 and 1962
statistics with those for 1939 is affected by (a) the exclusion from the
1954 and 1962 inquiry of fractional horsepower motors included in the
1939 totals, and (b) the omission of data for selected industry groups
in 1954 included in the 1939 and 1962 totals.
The aggregate horsepower figure, series P 68, represents the unduplicated rating for total installed equipment and thus provides a measure
of the mechanical power available in manufacturing establishments.
The figure is derived by summing the horsepower rating of prime
movers, series P 69, and that for electric motors driven by purchased
electricity, series P 71. To secure the latter figure the total horsepower
for electric motors was distributed, by establishment, into two
categories: Motors driven by purchased electricity and motors driven
by energy generated at the establishment. For the relatively small
number of establishments which both generate and purchase electricity,
the total horsepower for electric motors was prorated on the basis of
the ratio of the net quantity purchased to the net total for electricity
consumed.
The horsepower ratings for prime movers include information for
such types of power equipment as internal combustion engines, steam
and hydraulic turbines, and reciprocating steam engines. The totals
for prime movers are further separated between those driving electric
generators and those used for other purposes. The statistics for
prime movers not driving generators exclude data for automobiles,
trucks, and other highway equipment.
Respondents were requested to report horsepower of standby equipment as well as equipment in operation at the end of the year, including
all prime movers and motors in mobile (except automobiles, trucks, and
other highway equipment) as well as in stationary equipment. Information for fractional horsepower motors, however, was not reported
for either 1954 or 1962.
Data on aggregate horsepower per 100 (factory) production workers,
series P 73, are comparable for all years, except for 1954 and for years
prior to 1899. The figures for 1954 exclude data for all establishments
in the printing trade services industry, and those in the apparel and
other fabricated textile products industry except for miscellaneous ap-
P 68-92
parel. The number of wage earners as published in the census reports
prior to 1899 includes those in factory as well as in hand trades and
neighborhood industries (carpentry, millinery, painting, etc.) and
custom grist milling, custom saw milling, and cotton ginning. Changes
in the minimum size limit set for establishments included in the several
censuses, or the number of manufacturing establishments requested
to report power equipment data are believed to have an insignificant
effect on the totals.
P 74-92. Value of manufacturers' shipments, inventories, and orders,
1947-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Manufacturers' Shipments,
Inventories, and Orders: 191,7-1963 Revised, 1961-1968, and 1966-1972
Revised, series M 3-1.
Shipments, as used here, represents manufacturers' receipts, billings,
or the value of products shipped, less discounts, returns, and allowances,
and exclude freight charges and excise taxes. Shipments for export
as well as for domestic use are included. Shipments by foreign subsidiaries are excluded, but shipments to a foreign subsidiary by a
domestic firm are included. The shipments figures from the Annual
Survey of Manufactures to which this series is benchmarked include
interplant transfers as well as commercial sales.
Inventory data are book values of stocks on hand at the end of the
period, and include materials and supplies, goods in process, and
finished goods. Inventories associated with nonmanufacturing activities are excluded from the benchmark. In general, inventories are
as valued by the manufacturer.
New orders are net of cancellations received during the period. Unfilled orders at the end of a reporting period are orders that have not
passed through the sales account and are equal to unfilled orders at
the beginning of the period plus net new orders received during the
period less net sales.
The manufacturers' shipments, inventories, and orders survey provides monthly figures that are comparable to the annual totals published each year in the annual survey of manufactures. The sample
panel is defined as a probability sample drawn as a subsample of the
companies with 100 or more employees in the annual survey of manufactures. The monthly reporting panel consists of approximately
5,000 reporting units and includes virtually all companies with 1,000
or more employees and a sample of the smaller ones.
P 77-86, inventories. Respondents are asked to report inventories
of individual establishments at approximate current cost if feasible;
otherwise, "at book values." Since different methods of inventory
valuation are used, the definition of the aggregate inventories for
establishments in an industry is not precise. The figures on the change
in inventories from one period to the next are of greater significance
than the actual aggregates.
Inventories are reported by stage of fabrication: (a) Finished goods;
(b) work in process; and (c) materials, supplies, fuel, and other inventories. In using inventories by stage of fabrication at the all
manufacturing level, as well as for the durable and nondurable goods
sectors, it should be noted that a finished product of one industry may
be a raw material for another industry at the next stage of fabrication.
P 87-92, new orders and unfilled orders. Orders are net of cancellations. They include orders received during the period and also
filled during the period as well as orders received for future delivery.
They also include the net sales value of contract change documents
which increase or decrease the sales value of the unfilled orders to which
they relate. Orders include only those supported by binding legal
documents such as signed contracts, letters of award, or letters of
intent. In case of letters of intent, the full amount of the sales value
is included if the parties are in substantial agreement on the amount;
otherwise, only the funds specifically authorized to be expended are
included.
Unfilled orders include orders as defined above that have not yet
passed through the sales account. Generally, unfilled orders at the end
657
P 93-118
MANUFACTURES
of the reporting period are equal to unfilled orders at the beginning of
the period plus net new orders received less net sales.
While both new orders and unfilled orders are used in reviewing individual company reports for consistency, only unfilled orders are
estimated directly in the tabulated totals. New orders are derived
from the shipments plus net change in unfilled orders for each industry
category.
P 93-106. Manufacturing corporations—sales, profits, and stockholders' equity, 1947-1970.
Source: U.S. Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Report of
the President, January 1972, table B-74.
Data are from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The annual figures presented here
appear originally in the Federal Trade Commission's Quarterly Financial Report for Manufacturing Corporations for the fourth quarter
of the year.
These data are based on uniform, confidential financial statements
collected from a probability sample of all enterprises which are required to file Form 1120, U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return,
and are classified as manufacturers. Included are domestic corporations organized within the United States, resident foreign corporations
incorporated abroad but engaged in trade or business in the United
States, associations and joint-stock companies which are taxed as corporations, and small business corporations electing to be taxed through
their shareholders. Excluded are inactive corporations with no income or deductions, tax-exempt farmers' cooperatives, tax-exempt
nonprofit organizations, and corporations not classified in their tax
returns as manufacturers.
The first sample was drawn from Form 1120 for the taxable year
1943. A second sample was drawn for the taxable year 1949. The
third sample was drawn for the taxable year 1954 and each taxable
year thereafter. Each sample has been supplemented by a quarterly
sample of applications for a Federal Social Security Employer's Identification Number filed with the the Social Security Administration.
The first sample was used to provide estimates for each of the quarters in calendar years 1947 to 1951, inclusive; the second sample, from
third quarter 1951 to second quarter 1956, inclusive; the third sample,
from second quarter 1956 to 1970. To splice the estimates based upon
the first and second samples, an overlap was provided for third and
fourth quarters 1951; the second and third samples, an overlap was
provided for second quarter 1956. Within the third sample, an overlap was provided for each quarter in calendar year 1958 to splice the
estimates based upon the 1945 and 1957 editions of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC).
The classification of a corporation has been determined, in general,
on the basis of the consolidated operations of the reporting company
(as opposed to the establishment). In the reports for 1947 through
1958, classification was based on the 1945 edition of the SIC manual.
Beginning 1959, estimates were based on the classification of corporations within the framework of the 1957 edition. In 1963, the Enterprise Standard Industrial Classification (ESIC) was used in the classification of companies. The structure of the 1968 revision of the ESIC
follows closely that of the 1967 edition of the SIC.
For further description concerning compilation of these series, see
Federal Trade Commission, Quarterly Financial Report for Manufacturing Corporations. Specific information concerning significant
changes and revisions is contained in the following issues of the Report'.
Third quarter 1953, third quarter 1956, first quarter 1959, and first
quarter 1965.
P 107-112. Purchases of structures and equipment, in manufacturing
industries, 1863-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Fixed Nonresidential
Business Capital in the United States, 1925-1978, National Technical
658
Information Service, Springfield, Va., January 1974, pp. 425-427
and 437-439; and unpublished data.
Private purchases of structures and equipment for manufacturing establishments were derived from the estimates of gross private domestic
investment in new industrial buildings and producers' durable equipment that are included in the gross national product estimates of the
Department of Commerce. The outlays on structures and equipment
were adjusted to benchmarks based on expenditures for new plant and
equipment in the census of manufactures for 1939, 1947, 1954, 1958,
1963, and 1967, and the annual survey of manufactures for other years
beginning with 1950 and ending with 1966. The census controls were
extended through 1970 by data from plant and equipment expenditure
surveys conducted jointly by the Bureau of Economic Analysis
(formerly Office of Business Economics) and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The purchases of structures and of equipment were converted to constant (1958) cost by the indexes used to deflate the corresponding individual series in the gross national product.
For a more detailed discussion and for tabulations derived from these
and related series, see source.
P 113-118. Depreciation (straight-line) on manufacturing structures
and equipment, 1925-1970.
Source: See source for series P 107-112, pp. 7-9 and 50.
Information on the service lives of capital assets is deficient. Not
enough is known either about the average service lives of the producers'
durable equipment and structures that make up the stock of fixed
capital, or about how the service lives of individual items depart from
average. Differences in the basic physical characteristics of capital
assets, variations among the practices of their owners with respect to
use and retirement, technological changes and changes in demand, all
make for a large dispersion of service lives and help to explain the dearth
of information about them. The useful life information was drawn
largely from Income Tax, Depreciation and Obsolescence, Estimated
Useful Lives, and Depreciation Rates, Bulletin F, Internal Revenue
Service. The actual service lives used were 85 percent of Bulletin F
for equipment, and 68 percent of Bulletin F for structures. (See
pages T-4 and T-5 of source for reasons behind the use of shorter
service lives.)
Average service lives were estimated for each of the 20 types of
equipment and 10 types of structures which are detailed in the GNP
gross investment series with which the calculation starts. Average
life for each type of nonfarm equipment was derived by assigning service lives as shown in Bulletin F to each of the equipment items of that
type and deriving an average for the type for each year based on
weights reflecting shipments of each item as shown in the censuses and
annual surveys of manufactures. Altogether, Bulletin F service lives
for about 180 items of equipment were used in obtaining averages for
the 20 types. Average lives for farm equipment were derived from
several unpublished Department of Agriculture studies.
Depreciation at constant cost has been estimated by applying information on the length of useful lives to the constant dollar purchases
of structures and equipment.
Underlying the average service life of a given type of asset is a distribution of discards. For example, trucks have an average service
life of 10 years, but some trucks are wrecked after a few months and
others are used for 15 or 20 years. To take into account that similar
assets are discarded at different ages, a pattern labeled the Winfrey
S-3 distribution was introduced. It is a minor modification of the
original Winfrey S-3 curve. (See Robley Winfrey, Statistical Analysis
of Industrial Property Retirement, Iowa Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin 125, Dec. 11,1935.) The new pattern is a bell-shaped
distribution whose mean is the average service life of the asset in question, with discards starting at 45 percent of the average life and continuing until 155 percent of the average life has been attained. In the
absence of sufficient information to support any alternative course,
ASSETS, CAPITAL, AND CONCENTRATION
that service life distribution was applied uniformly to all the gross
investment series to derive the gross capital stocks and related estimates.
P 119-122. Real net value of assets in manufacturing industries,
in 1958 dollars, 1925-1970.
Source: See source for series P 107-112, pp. T-25, 286, 287, and 397.
Estimates are for privately owned structures and equipment assets
in manufacturing establishments (in contrast to the firm), and represent the undepreciated value remaining in past acquisitions including
the purchases of Government surplus assets at original acquisition
prices. The latter were derived from the estimates of gross private
domestic investment in newly constructed nonresidential structures
and producers' durable equipment that are included in the gross national product estimates of the Department of Commerce. The
outlays on structures were adjusted to benchmarks, based mainly
on expenditures for new plant construction by establishments included
in the census of manufactures. Data on gross investment by manufacturing establishments from censuses and annual surveys of manufactures were used as industry totals. The asset detail was developed
on the basis of unpublished Internal Revenue Service studies on
lives of depreciable assets and several specialized industry studies
which provided detailed information on the composition of assets in
manufacturing. Purchases of equipment were converted to constant (1958) cost by the indexes used to deflate the corresponding
component of the gross national product. Purchases of structures were
deflated by constant cost 2, which is a closer approximation to a price
index than is constant cost 1. For the composition of these costs,
see table 4, pp. T-17 to T-19 of source.
Depreciation was allocated over the useful life by the doubledeclining balance method, under which twice the straight-line rate of
depreciation is charged in the first year, and the same percentage rate
is applied in successive years to the remaining value of the asset. (See
page T-12 of source.)
For a discussion of the data and methodology of estimation of
Government-owned, privately operated assets for each of the four
major owning agencies—Department of Defense, Atomic Energy Commission, Maritime Administration, and National Aeronautics and Space
Administration—see pages T-22 and T-23 of source.
P 123-176. Capital in manufacturing industries, in book value and in
1929 dollars (Creamer), 1879-1957.
Source: 1879-1937, Daniel Creamer, Sergei Dobrovolsky, and Israel
Borenstein, Capital in Manufacturing and Mining:
Its Formation and
Financing, Princeton University Press, 1960, Appendix A, tables 8 and
9; 1948-1957, Daniel Creamer, Capital Expansion and Capacity in
Postwar Manufacturing, National Industrial Conference Board, Inc.,
New York, Studies in Business Economics, No. Seventy-Two, 1961,
Appendix G, tables G - l and G-2. (Copyright.)
Estimates for 1879-1919 are based on data in various reports of the
census of manufactures. For 1929-1957, the estimates are based on
balance sheet data of corporations (raised to the level of all firms)
published by the Internal Revenue Service (formerly Bureau of Internal Revenue) in Statistics of Income. Fixed capital includes land,
buildings, and equipment (all net of depreciation). Working capital
includes all other assets, other than investments in securities (chiefly
cash, accounts and notes receivable, and inventories). Structures and
equipment owned by the Federal Government but operated by private
firms are excluded in all years. For a detailed description of data,
adjustments and limitations, see Appendix A, section A, of the first
source.
Figures in 1929 dollars were derived by dividing the estimates of
capital in book values, by price indexes of book values expressed in
1929 prices. The latter are the implicit indexes derived by dividing
the sum of the reported book values of the 15 major industry groups
P 119-204
comprising all manufactures by the sum of the book values expressed
in 1929 prices of the 15 major groups.
The general procedure for deflating capital is to derive a composite
index of prices underlying book values of buildings, machinery and
equipment, and working capital for each of the 15 major industrial
groups shown here. A construction cost index weighted by volume
of construction depreciated over 50 years is used to represent the
changes in the book value of land and buildings. This component of
the composite index is identical for all 15 groups. For machinery and
equipment, a price index of general machinery and equipment is used
for all 15 groups, but in each group the index is weighted by volume of
machinery and equipment produced, depreciated according to length
of life typical for a given industry as reported by the Internal Revenue
Service in Income Tax, Depreciation and Obsolescence, Estimated Useful
Lives, and Depreciation Rates, Bulletin F. Because of these changing
industry weights, a different deflator for machinery and equipment
is obtained for each major group. The wholesale price index of the
output of a given major industry is used to deflate working capital.
For derivation of the deflators for each of the 15 major groups, see
Appendix A, section B, of the first source.
P 177-196. Share of total value added by manufacture accounted
for by the 200 largest manufacturing companies, and by the 50
and 100 largest identical manufacturing companies, 1947-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1947-1967,1967 Census of Manufactures, vol. I, p. 9-6; 1970, Annual Survey of Manufactures, Value
of Shipment Concentration Ratios, M70 (AS)-9.
Data for 1962 and 1966 are based on the annual survey of manufactures; other years on the census of manufactures.
These data reflect the activity of the largest companies in the industrial sector as a whole. A company is defined as the total of its
industrial establishments, including not only its manufacturing plants
but also auxiliary establishments such as warehouses and central administrative offices. Value added for all manufacturing establishments
of a given company was aggregated irrespective of the industry classification of the individual establishments. The companies were then
arrayed by magnitude of value added in each specified year and totals
were computed for the 50, 100, 150, and 200 largest companies.
The rankings in 1947 and 1954 were based on unadjusted value
added; those for later years on adjusted value added. See text for
series P 10.
For series P 177-180, companies were classified in size groups in
each particular year based on their size in that year. The largest
companies are those which were the largest in each of the specified
years. Thus, a size group, such as the top four, does not necessarily
include the same companies from year to year.
For series P 181-196, the 100 largest companies in each year specified
in the stub of the table were selected and their proportion of total
value added by manufacture in each of the years shown in the column
headings was computed. These data thus measure the changes in
concentration ratios for a fixed group of companies from one year to
another. In case of mergers, the larger of the two at the time of merger
was considered to be the predecessor company.
P 197-204. Concentration in manufacturing, by industry group, 1901,
1947, and 1954.
Source: Series P 197, G. Warren Nutter, The Extent of Enterprise
Monopoly in the United States, tables 10 and 39, copyright 1951 by The
University of Chicago. Series P 198, M. A. Adelman, "The Measurement of Industrial Concentration," Review of Economics and Statistics,
vol. 33, November 1951, table 14 (copyright, Harvard College; based
on Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Study of Monopoly Power,
House of Representatives, 81st Congress, 1st session, Serial No. 14,
part 2-B, pp. 1436-1456). Series P 199-200 are tabulations prepared
by the Bureau of the Census from data reported in the census of
manufactures. Series P 201-204, Irving Rottenberg, "New Statistics
659
P 205-230
MANUFACTURES
on Companies and on Concentration in Manufacturing From the 1954
Census," Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, 1957,
table 5 (copyright).
The basic source of most of the data in all columns is the census of
manufactures. The concentration ratio is defined as the percent of
total industry sales (or, occasionally, value added) made by the four
largest sellers.
The entries for series P 197-198 represent the value added by manufacture in 4-digit SIC industries (see general note for series P 1-374)
with concentration ratios of 50 or higher, as a percentage of value
added by all 4-digit industries included in each 2-digit industry group
(e.g., "food and kindred products" is a 2-digit group containing "meatpacking plants" and 2 other 4-digit meat industries, "creamery butter"
and 5 other 4-digit dairy industries, etc.).
The figures for series P 199-204 are average concentration ratios for
each 2-digit industry group, i.e., the concentration ratio of each 4-digit
industry is weighted in proportion to its employment or value added,
as indicated, as a proportion of total employment or total value added
by the whole 2-digit group.
Series P 199-200 include all industries for the given year—452 in
1947, and 434 in 1954. Because of changes in 4-digit industry definitions, concentration ratios are not fully comparable. Series P 201204 are based on 375 comparable industries accounting for 85 percent
of all value added by manufacture in 1947, and for 82 percent in 1954.
The first total line is a set of weighted averages based on valueadded weights derived from the basic data for the respective years
shown. Figures on the second total line (for series P 201-204) are
averages of the concentration ratios shown for the 20 industry groups.
Where the change in concentration, 1947-1954, as shown in series
P 199-200, is substantially different from that shown in series P 201204, the difference is due to industry redefinition and to inclusion or
exclusion of industries from the census of manufactures. A striking
example is in group 39, "miscellaneous manufactures" from which
major group 19, "ordnance and accessories," was omitted for national
security reasons.
P 205-211. Selected statistics for operating manufacturing establishments, by legal form of organization, 1939-1967.
States, 1910, Manufactures: 1909, vol. VIII, p. 135; 1914 and 1919,
Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920, Manufactures: 1919,
vol. VIII, p. 108; 1929, Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930,
Manufactures: 1929, vol. I, p. 95; 1939, Sixteenth Census of the United
States, 19U0, Manufactures: 1939, vol. I, p. 229; 1947-1967, U.S.
Census of Manufactures, 1967, vol. I.
Percentages were computed from figures published in the various
Bureau of the Census reports cited as sources.
See also data and text for series P 205-211.
P 216-226.
Consumption of energy materials, 1899-1967.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. Thirteenth Census of the
United States: 1910, vol. X , p. 662; Census of Manufactures: 1963,
vol. I, pp. 7-90 and 7-91; and Census of Manufactures: 1967, Special
Report MC67(S)-4, Fuels and Electric Energy Consumed, pp. 8-9.
Data for fuels consumed for heat and power were converted to
kilowatt-hour equivalents, the international unit of energy, and then
added to the quantity of purchased electric energy. The conversion
factors used for each fuel are shown in the source reports. For fuels,
quantities include both fuels purchased for use as fuel and fuels made
and used in the same establishment.
P 227.
Coffee imported, 1860-1970.
Source: 1860-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 8-9 and 143-144;
1915-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 292-293, cited as source for series
P 231; 1930-1947, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Foreign Commerce and
Navigation of the United States; 1948-1962, same agency, Quarterly
Summary of Foreign Commerce of the United States, for those years;
1963-1970, same agency, U.S. Imports of Merchandise for Consumption, Reports FT 110, FT 125, and FT 135, calendar year issues.
The data for 1860-1933 are described as net imports (general
imports) minus foreign exports; for 1934-1970, they are described as
imports for consumption minus foreign exports. However, on dutyfree commodities, like coffee, general imports equal imports for consumption. Data cover U.S. customs area, which includes Alaska,
Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
P 228. Raw cotton used in textiles, 1860-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1939, Sixteenth Census of the
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1860-1909, Bulletin 160, Cotton
United States: 191^0, Census of Manufactures, 1939, vol. I, p. 230;
Production and Distribution, 1926, p. 49; 1910-1945, Bulletin 183,
1947-1967,1967 Census of Manufactures, vol. I, p. 3-4.
Cotton Production and Distribution, 19i6, pp. 26-31; 1946-1962,
Each establishment included in the censuses of manufactures was
Cotton Production and Distribution, annual reports; 1963-1970, Current
classified into one of the following legal forms of organization:
Industrial Reports, series M22P, Cotton, Man-Made Fiber Staple, and
Linters, Summary for Cotton Season, various annual issues.
Corporate—an establishment (other than a cooperative) owned
by an organization or company legally incorporated under State
Data are for years ending August 31 through 1910, July 31 therelaws.
after. Figures are in running bales, except that for 1860-1870, they
Noncorporate—individual proprietorships, partnerships, coopare in equivalent 500-pound bales. Data exclude linters for 1860eratives, establishments operated by estate administrators, trust1908 and include them thereafter.
eeships, receiverships, public and quasi-public organizations, and,
in addition, misassignments of small establishments that were
P 229. Wool used in textiles, 1918-1970.
not corrected because they were not statistically significant.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1922-1957, Facts for Industry,
Individual proprietorship—an establishment owned by one perWool
Consumption and Stocks, monthly issues. (Title may vary
son, who may or may not actively participate in the operation of
for this report.) 1958-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series
the business.
M 220, Consumption on the Woolen and Worsted Systems, monthly
Partnership—an establishment owned by two or more persons,
issues.
each of whom has a financial interest in and responsibility for the
Figures relate to scoured wool plus greasy wool reduced to a scoured
business. A partner may or may not actively participate in the
basis, assuming average yields varying with class, origin, grade, and
operation of the business.
whether shorn or pulled. For 1946-1970, they include raw wool
See also text for series P 1-12.
consumed in woolen and worsted systems only.
For a series on apparent consumption of all wool, 1870-1929, see
P 212-215. Percent distribution of production workers and of value Arthur F. Burns, pp. 296-297, cited as source for series P 231.
added in manufacturing establishments, by legal form of ownership, 1899-1967.
P 230. Unmanufactured silk imports for consumption, 1883-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899, Census of Manufactures:
1905, part I, p. liv; 1904 and 1909, Thirteenth Census of the United
660
Source: 1883-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 294-295, cited as
source for series P 231; 1930-1931, U.S. Bureau of Foreign and Domes-
SELECTED COMMODITIES
tic Commerce, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the U.S., vol. I, for
respective years; 1932, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract
of the United States, 1940, p. 732; 1933-1949, Statistical Abstract, 1950,
p. 638; 1950-1955, Textile Economics Bureau, Inc., New York, Textile
Organon, vol. X X X V I I , No. 3, March 1966; 1955-1970, Textile
Organon, March 1971.
Figures are derived by subtracting foreign exports from general
imports of all types of unmanufactured silk. Spun silk is not included.
For a series on raw silk imports (excluding silk from cocoons and
waste) for 1860-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 8-9 and 153-155;
and for 1870-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, cited above.
P 231.
Wheat flour produced, 1860-1970.
Source: 1860-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 8-9 and 135-139;
1915-1929, Arthur F. Burns, Production Trends in the United States
Since 1870, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1934,
pp. 299 and 339 (copyright); 1931 and 1933, Solomon Fabricant, The
Output of Manufacturing Industries, 1899-1937, National Bureau of
Economic Research, New York, 1940, p. 395 (copyright; data from
census of manufactures); 1935-1970, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture,
Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economic Report No. 138,
Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, and Supplement for 1970.
Reported data in hundredweights were converted to barrels containing 196 pounds of flour. These estimates are based on commercial production of wheat flour reported by the Bureau of the
Census. They include flour milled in bond from foreign wheat plus
the estimated flour equivalent of farm wheat ground for flour or
exchanged for flour for farm household use.
P 232.
Refined sugar produced, 1860-1970.
Source: 1860-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 8-9 and 139-143;
1919-1933, see Solomon Fabricant, pp. 382 and 387, cited as source
for series P 231; 1934-1945, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics, 1952, p. I l l ; 1946-1960, Agricultural Statistics,
1967, p. 83; 1961-1970, Agricultural Statistics, 1971, p. 88.
Figures represent production in cane-sugar refineries and in beetsugar factories.
P 233.
Canned corn produced, 1885-1970.
Source: 1885-1908, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 300-301 and 341,
cited as source for series P 231; 1909-1970, National Canners Association, Canned Food Pack Statistics, 1971-72.
A case consists of 24 No. 2 cans.
P 234.
Canned tomatoes produced, 1885-1970.
Source: 1885-1898, 1900-1903, and 1905-1907, see Arthur F.
Burns, pp. 300-301 and 341, cited as source for series P 231. National
Canners Association, 1899 and 1904, Canned Food P<iek Statistics,
1969-70; 1908-1970, Canned Food Pack Statistics, 1971-72.
A case consists of 24 No. 2 cans. The figures for 1885-1907 were
published in the unit case of 24 No. 3 cans. They have been converted to a unit case of 24 No. 2 cans by multiplying by 1.707. The
conversion factor is taken from National Canners Association, Washington, D.C., Canned Food Pack Statistics: 1940, part 1—Vegetables,
March 1941, p. 19.
Except for some of the early historical data which came from reports of the Bureau of the Census, the data have been compiled by
the National Canners Association with the cooperation of State,
regional, and commodity associations.
P 235.
Beer produced, 1870-1970.
Source: 1870-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 292-293, cited as
source for series P 231. U.S. Internal Revenue Service (formerly
P 231-243
Bureau of Internal Revenue), 1930-1932, unpublished data; 1933,
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 1936; 19341970, U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Alcohol, Tobacco
and Firearms, Summary Statistics, 1973, p. 41.
The unit "barrel" contains 31 wine gallons. For 1921-1933, only
cereal beverages were permitted to be produced.
P 236-236a.
Distilled spirits produced, 1870-1970.
Source: 1870-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 292-293, cited as
source for series P 231. U.S. Internal Revenue Service (formerly
Bureau of Internal Revenue), 1930-1933, Annual Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, annual issues. 1934-1970, see source
for series P 235, p. 20.
The computation of taxable gallons excludes all fractional parts
of a proof gallon less than one-tenth. Figures are for years ending
June 30 and include data for Hawaii; beginning 1928, they also include data for Puerto Rico. Series P 236 includes industrial alcohol
for all years. Series P 236a was derived by subtracting figures for
industrial alcohol (i.e., tax-free withdrawals) from total distilled
spirits production.
P 237-238.
Fats and oils produced, 1922-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1922-1940, Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils, annual issues; 1941-1970, Current Industrial
Reports, series M20J and M20K, Fats and Oils, 1970 and earlier
years, summary issues (prior to 1958, series M 17-1, M 17-2, and
M 28).
P 239.
Manufactured tobacco and snuff products, 1870-1970.
Source: 1870-1879, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 192193; 1880-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 296-297, cited as source
for series P 231; 1930-1970, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics, 1952,1957,1962,1967,
and 1971 editions.
Primary source of the figures is the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
P 240.
Cigars, 1870-1970.
Source: 1870-1879, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 189191; 1880-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 298-299, cited as source
for series P 231. U.S. Internal Revenue Service (formerly Bureau
of Internal Revenue), 1930-1939 and 1941-1949, Annual Report
of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, various issues; 1940 and
1950-1970, Alcohol and Tobacco Summary Statistics, annual issues.
For 1870-1949, figures exclude cigars weighing not more than
3 pounds per 1,000.
P 241.
Cigarettes, 1870-1970.
Source: 1870-1879, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 192;
1880-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 298-299, cited as source for
series P 231; 1930-1970, see source for series P 240.
Figures represent large and small cigarettes and small cigars for
1870-1949, excluding those manufactured in bonded manufacturing
warehouses. For 1954-1970, small cigars are excluded.
P 242-243.
Apparel products, 1927-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports,
series MA23A, Annual Apparel Survey, 1970 and earlier years, summary issues.
Men's and boys' suits and separate coats represent (1) men's suits,
excluding ski, slack, snow, and uniform, (2) men's tailored dress and
sport coats and jackets, excluding uniform, (3) boys' tailored dress
and sport coats, and (4) boys' suits, including students', cadets', and
junior boys'.
Women's, misses', and juniors' dresses include both dresses sold
at a unit price and those sold at a dozen-price.
661
MANUFACTURES
P 244-261
P 244.
Rayon and acetate yarns available, 1911-1970.
Source: 1911-1939, Textile Economics Bureau, Inc., New York,
Textile Organon—Base Book of Textile Statistics, vol. X X X I I I , No. 1,
January 1962; 1940-1955, Textile Organon, January-February, 1971;
1956-1970, Textile Organon, March 1971. (Copyright.)
Figures represent producers' domestic shipments plus imports
of yarn and exclude staple, tow, waste, and other rayon and acetate
products. Data for rayon relate to manmade fibers produced by the
viscose, cuprammonium, and nitrocellulosic (discontinued after 1934)
processes. Rayon horsehair and straw are included in the filament
yarn figures for 1952-1970 (for 1940-51, production of these items
averaged just under 1 million pounds per year). Acetate means
manmade fibers composed of cellulose acetate and triacetate.
For 1941-1970, figures for rayon and acetate are as actually reported by the entire industry; earlier data are estimated totals based
on reports obtained from 86 percent or more of the industry, with
adjustments for complete coverage in accordance with information
from the census of manufactures.
P 245.
Non-cellulosic yarn available, 1940-1970.
Source: See source for series P 244, 1940-1970.
Data include producers' domestic shipments plus imports of yarn
and exclude staple and tow.
P 246.
Finished knit cloth shipped, 1933-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports.
1933-1946, series M67C, Underwear and Allied Products: Underwear,
Knit Cloth, and Knit Fabric Gloves; and Underwear and Knit Cloth
for Sale; 1947-1965, series M22K, Knit Cloth for Sale; 1966-1970,
series MQ22K, Shipments of Knit Cloth, summary issues.
P 247.
P 252.
Paints, varnishes, and lacquers produced, 1899-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1947, Census of Manufactures, reports for various census years; 1953-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M28F, Paint, Varnish, and Lacquer, summary
issues.
P 253.
Superphosphates produced, 1860-1970.
Source: 1860-1954, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Statistics on
Fertilizers and Liming Materials in the United Stales, Statistical
Bulletin No. 191, p. 43, April 1957; 1955-1957, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Facts for Industry, series M19D-06 and M19D-08; 19581970, Current Industrial Reports, series M28B, Inorganic Fertilizer
Materials and Related Acids, summary issues.
P 254.
Light products of distillation, 1918-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, "Petroleum Statements," annual issues.
These figures relate essentially to the production of gasoline and
naphtha. Figures for 1918-1927, 1929-1956, and 1962-1963 are
not strictly comparable. The figure for 1929 on a basis comparable
with preceding years is 438 million barrels. For 1953-1970, figures
for jet fuel are excluded.
P 255.
Illuminating oils (kerosene) produced, 1916-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, "Petroleum Statements," annual issues.
Figures for 1916-1927, 1929-1956, and 1962-1963 are not strictly
comparable. The figure for 1929 comparable with the preceding
years is 55.7 million barrels. For 1953-1959, figures exclude jet fuel.
Beginning 1960, data include jet fuel used in commercial aircraft;
beginning 1965, they include kerosene-type jet fuels.
Carpets and rugs shipped, 1899-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1947, Census of Manufactures reports; 1954-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M22L
and MQ22K, Carpets and Rugs, summary issues.
P 248-250.
Sodium hydroxide and ammonia produced, 1899-1970.
P 256.
Fuel oils produced, 1916-1970.
Source: See source for series P 255.
Figures for 1916-1927, 1929-1956, and 1962-1963 are not strictly
comparable. The figure for 1929 comparable with the preceding
years is 390 million barrels. For 1953-1970, jet fuels are excluded.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1939, Census of Manufactures reports; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series M28A,
Inorganic Chemicals, summary issues.
P 257.
P 251.
Figures for 1916-1927 and 1929-1956 are not strictly comparable.
The figure for 1929 comparable with preceding years is 37 million
barrels.
Sulfuric acid produced, 1899-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1927, unpublished data;
1929-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M28A, Inorganic
Chemicals, summary issues.
Figures are combined totals for sulfuric acid produced by the
contact and chamber processes, including spent acid fortified in
the contact plants with the simultaneous production of new acid.
Production of Government-owned plants, which was large during
the war period, is not included for that period; for the most part, this
production was available only for military use. However, for 19541970, appreciable amounts of sulfuric acid produced in Governmentowned privately operated plants are included. Figures for 1946-1950
include estimates based on annual totals of byproduct operations
of a few smelters reporting to the Bureau of Mines; the estimated
data included vary from 4 percent in 1946 to 2 percent in 1950. For
1899-1939, figures are based on reports of the Census of Manufactures; they are shown in those reports on a 50° Baume basis but are
here converted to 100 percent H 2 S0 4 . Beginning January 1948,
figures are not strictly comparable with earlier data because of the
inclusion of additional plants; however, the addition of these plants
increased the production of the specified chemical by less than 3.5
percent.
662
Lubricating oils produced, 1916-1970.
Source: See source for series P 255.
P 258.
Paraffin wax produced, 1916-1970.
Source: See source for series P 255.
For 1929-1956, figures are labeled petroleum wax. The basic
source of these data is the Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook.
P 259.
Pneumatic motor vehicle tires produced, 1914-1967.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, reports
for various census years.
P 260-261.
Men's and women's shoes produced, 1899-1970.
Source: 1899-1919, see Solomon Fabricant, cited as source for
series P 231; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1921-1946, Statistical Abstract
of the United States, various editions, 1929-19^7; 1947-1954, unpublished data; 1955-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series M31A,
Shoes and Slippers, summary issues.
Figures represent pairs of leather uppers for men's and women's
shoes. They do not include youths' and boys', misses', children's,
SELECTED COMMODITIES
infants', athletic, part leather, or nonleather shoes. For 1930-1970,
figures for men's shoes are not strictly comparable with earlier years
because large quantities of heavy footwear included with men's shoes
for later years were included with athletic shoes for earlier years.
P 262.
Rails produced, 1860-1970.
Figures include both iron and steel rails, rerolled rails, and girder
and high T rails. Rails are a component of "hot rolled iron and
steel," series P 270. For 1860-1867, figures include production of
iron rails only.
Structural iron and steel shapes produced, 1879-1970.
Source: 1879-1889, see source for series P 17; 1892-1970, American
Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Statistical Report, various issues
(copyright), and unpublished data.
Structural shapes are a component of "hot rolled iron and steel,"
series P 270.
P 264.
Common and face brick produced, 1869-1970.
Source: 1869-1899 (decennially), 1904, 1909, 1914, 1919-1939
(biennially), 1947, 1954, 1958, 1963, and 1967, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Census of Manufactures, reports for various years; 1895-1912,
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States, various
issues; 1913-1959, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Facts for Industry,
Clay Construction Products, summary issues; 1960-1970, Current
Industrial Reports, series M320, Clay Construction Products, summary
issues.
The figures for 1869 and 1879 are for common brick only. For
1889, 1899, and 1904, the production of "fancy or ornamental brick"
has been added to the production of "face brick," the reason being
that "the best grade of 'face' or 'front' brick appears to have been
classified as 'fancy or ornamental' brick" in these years. Beginning
1943, common and face brick are classified as "unglazed" brick.
P 265-269.
Raw steel produced, 1860-1970.
Source: American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual
Report, various issues (copyright).
Gasoline and diesel engines produced, 1947-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports,
series MA35L, Internal Combustion Engines, summary issues.
Production data exclude engines for outboard, automotive, and
aircraft purposes.
Source: 1860-1872, see source for series P 17; 1873-1970, American
Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Statistical Report, various issues,
1965-1970 (copyright); and unpublished data.
P 263.
P 275-276.
P 231-243
Statistical
P 277.
Wheel tractors, complete, produced, 1922-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports,
series M35S, Tractors (Except Garden Tractors), summary issues.
P 278.
Metal cutting machines shipped, 1947-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports,
series M35W, Metalworking Machinery, summary issues.
P 279.
Typewriters shipped, 1900-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports,
series M35C, Typewriters, summary issues.
Except as indicated in footnotes, standard electric and manual
and portable models are included.
P 280.
Room air-conditioners shipped, 1945-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports,
series M35M, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment, summary issues.
P 281-282. Fractional horsepower motors and integral horsepower
motors and generators shipped, 1914-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1914-1958, see source for
series P 259; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series M36H,
Motors and Generators, summary issues.
P 283-285. Domestic ranges, electric, shipped; household refrigerators produced; and household washing machines, mechanical,
shipped, 1921-1967.
Source: Series P 284,1921-1937, see Solomon Fabricant, p. 585,
cited as source for series P 231; all other data, see source for series
P 259.
For 1934-1970, figures include only that part of steel castings
made in foundries producing steel ingots.
P 286-287.
P 270.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1939, see source for
series P 259; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series M36B
and M36D, Electric Lamps.
Hot rolled iron and steel produced, 1864-1970.
Source: American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Statistical
Report, various issues, 1965-1970 (copyright), and unpublished data.
Figures include rails, plates and sheets, merchant bar and skelp
production, wire rods, and structural shapes.
P 271. Copper and copper base alloy, rolled, drawn, and extruded
products shipped, 1925-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1925-1947, see source for
series P 259; 1952-1970, Current Industrial Reports, series BDSAF-84,
Shipments of Copper-Base Mill and Foundry Products, summary
issues.
P 272-274.
Fabricated metal products, 1941-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports,
series M34D, Metal Cans, and series M34N, Heating and Cooking
Equipment (Except Electric), summary issues.
Warm air-furnaces, P 273, include oil- and gas-fired furnaces sold
as component parts of "year-round air-conditioning units."
Electric lamps produced, 1899-1970.
P 288-290. Home-type radio receivers, home-type radio-phonograph
combinations, and phonographs shipped, 1899-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1899-1939, see source for
series P 259; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series MA36M,
Home-Type Radio Receivers and Television Sets, Automobile Radios,
Phonographs, and Record Player Attachments.
Home-type radio receivers and radio-phonograph combinations
for 1923-1939 include automobile sets.
P 291.
Trailer coaches, housing type, shipped, 1937-1967.
Source: See source for series P 259.
P 292.
Truck trailers shipped, 1935-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1935-1939, see source for
series P 259; thereafter, Current Industrial Reports, series M37L,
Truck Trailers, summary issues.
663
MANUFACTURES
P 293-317
P 293.
Locomotives produced, 1880-1967.
P 299-300.
Pianos and organs produced, 1899-1967.
Source: 1880-1929, see Arthur F. Burns, pp. 300-301, cited as
source for series P 231; 1930-1945, American Railway Car Institute,
Railway Age, Annual Statistical and Outlook Number, January 6,
1945, p. 91, and Annual Statistical and Outlook Number, January
5, 1946, p. 88 (copyright); 1947-1967, see source for series P 259.
Source: 1899-1937, see Solomon Fabricant, pp. 597 and 598, cited
as source for series P 231; 1939-1967, see source for series P 259.
For 1905-1945, Canadian output is included although the U.S.
output is shown separately beginning with 1929 (see, for example,
Railway Age, Annual Statistical Number, January 4, 1947). For
1880-1911, locomotives built in railroad repair shops are excluded.
For 1942-1944, figures exclude locomotives built for U.S. Government
and for lend-lease program.
This series was discontinued when the new traction power was
supplied almost exclusively by diesel units. A locomotive may be
composed of one or more diesel units.
Data for 1947-1967, which are from the census of manufactures,
represent shipments.
P 301-317.
P 294.
Railroad passenger cars produced, 1871-1967.
Source: 1871-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 196197; 1915-1957, see source for series P 295; 1958-1967, see source
for series P 259.
For 1871-1919, figures represent domestic production of passenger cars, exclusive of that in railroad repair shops; thereafter, figures
include production in railroad repair shops. For 1920-1957, figures
represent "passenger train cars delivered."
Data for 1958-1967, which are from the census of manufactures,
represent shipments.
P 295.
Railroad freight cars produced, 1871-1967.
Source: 1871-1914, see source for series P 17, pp. 14-15 and 193196; 1915-1919, American Railway Car Institute, Railway Age,
Annual Statistical and Outlook Number, January 7, 1939, p. 83; 19201957, Railway Age, Annual Statistical and Outlook Number (most
recently entitled Review and Outlook), various issues, 1950-1958
(copyright); 1958-1967, see source for series P 259.
For 1871-1919, figures represent domestic production of freight
cars, exclusive of that in railroad repair shops; thereafter, figures
include production in railroad repair shops. For 1920-1957, figures
represent "freight cars delivered."
Data for 1958-1967, which are from the census of manufactures,
represent shipments.
P 296-297.
Horse-drawn vehicles produced, 1899-1967.
Source: 1899-1937, see Solomon Fabricant, p. 585, cited as source
for series P 231; 1939-1967, see source for series P 259.
For 1899-1914, figures for farm wagons, trucks, and business
vehicles include patrol wagons, ambulances, handcarts, and pushcarts; for 1919-1925, they exclude mail carrier wagons and public
conveyances and relate to products made within the industry (as
classified by the Bureau of the Census); for 1927-1967, figures relate
to all products made regardless of the industry classification of the
establishment.
For 1899-1925, figures for carriages, buggies, and sulkies exclude
sulkies; for 1933, include two-wheeled carts.
P 298.
Bicycles produced, 1899-1967.
Source: 1899-1937, see Solomon Fabricant, p. 590, cited as source
for series P 231; 1939-1967, see source for series P 259.
For 1899-1921, figures relate to products made within the industry
(as classified by the Bureau of the Census); for 1923-1967, figures
relate to all products made regardless of the industry classification
of the establishment.
664
For organs, series P 300, the data represent reed organs for 18991935, electronic organs thereafter.
General note.
Capacity is rarely calculated on the basis of full-time operation
of an industry (i.e., 365 days a year, 24 hours a day), but at varying
criteria short of that. Capacity as of January 1 is generally used
as the basis of computation. Exceptions to these general rules are
noted in the text for each series, where applicable.
P 301.
Blast furnaces (pig iron), 1898-1960.
Source: American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Directory and
Annual Statistical Report, New York, various issues (copyright).
Figures include a 6.1 percent deduction from full-time operation
to allow for rebuilding, relining, and repairing the equipment. Capacity is based on April 1 for 1898; November 1, 1901 and 1907; June
1, 1904; and the average of January 1 and July 1 for 1941-1944 and
1950.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 302.
Steel ingots and steel for castings, 1887-1960.
Source: See source for series P 301.
Figures include a 9.1 percent deduction from full-time operation
to allow for rebuilding, relining, and repairing equipment, and for
holiday shutdowns. Capacity is based on an average of January 1
and July 1 for 1941-1944.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 303.
Copper refining, 1907-1970.
Source: 1907-1930, Edwin G. Nourse, America's Capacity to
Produce, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 1934, p.
557; 1931-1970, American Bureau of Metal Statistics, Year Book,
New York, various issues. (Copyright.)
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 304-305.
Lead refining, 1921-1970.
Source: American Bureau of Metal Statistics, Year Book, New
York, various issues (copyright).
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 306.
Zinc refining, 1921-1970.
Source: See source for series P 304-305.
Figures are not comparable throughout because of changes in
components. For 1921-1925, figures represent distillation zinc;
1926-1940, distillation and electrolytic zinc; 1941-1970, slab zinc. As
an alternative source for data, see U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals
Yearbook, various issues.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 307.
Aluminum ingots, 1889-1970.
Source: 1889-1895, J. D. Edwards, et al., The Aluminum Industry,
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, 1930 (copyright); 19101919, U.S. Business and Defense Services Administration (now Bureau
of Domestic Commerce), Materials Survey, Aluminum, 1956; 19271938, U.S. Surplus Property Board, Aluminum Plants and Facilities
Report, 1945; 1939-1970, American Bureau of Metal Statistics, Year
Book, New York, various issues (copyright).
The general practice in this industry is to rate potline capacity
SELECTED COMMODITIES
on full-time operation. As an alternative source for data, see U.S.
Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, various issues.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 308.
Portland cement, 1910-1970.
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, 1910-1923, Mineral Resources
of the United States, annual volumes; U.S. Bureau of Mines, 19241931, Mineral Resources of the United States, annual volumes; 19321970, Minerals Yearbook, annual volumes.
A deduction from full-time operation is taken for estimated average
number of days required for repair or other unavoidable shutdowns.
Favorable labor, fuel, and transportation conditions are assumed.
No capacity in Alaska; figures include Hawaii beginning 1960.
P 309.
Crude petroleum refining, 1918-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1918-1961, Petroleum Refineries,
Including Cracking Plants in the United States, January 1, 1961 (also
shown in Minerals Yearbook); 1962-1970, Mineral Industry Survey,
Petroleum Refineries in the United States and Puerto Rico, January 1,
annual issues.
Capacity is defined as the maximum daily average throughput
(converted to an annual basis) of the plant in complete operation,
with allowance for necessary shutdown time for routine maintenance,
repairs, etc. It approximates the maximum daily average crude
runs to stills that can be maintained for an extended period. Capacity is based on November 1 for 1924.
Includes Alaska for all years, Hawaii beginning 1960.
P 310-311.
Coke, 1909-1961.
Source: 1909-1920, see first source cited for series P 303; 1921-1961,
see sources cited for series P 308.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 312.
Carbon black, 1928-1970.
Source: See source for series P 308.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 313.
Sulfuric acid, 1945-1970.
Source: 1945, reprinted with permission from Chemical and Engineering News, Washington, D.C., July 10, 1945 (copyright by American Chemical Society); 1950-1970, U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly Business and Defense Services Administration),
Chemical Industry Report, various issues.
Capacity is based on 350 days a year.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 314.
Phosphatic fertilizers, 1900-1970.
Source: 1900-1951, U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Statistics
on Fertilizers and Liming Materials in the United States, Statistical
Bulletin No. 191, April 1957; 1952-1957, National Plant Food Institute, Plant Food Review, vol. 4, Nos. 2 and 3, 1958; 1958-1970,
U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly Business and Defense
Services Administration), unpublished data.
These data are the total of normal superphosphate, concentrated
superphosphate, and miscellaneous phosphatic materials. Capacity
of normal superphosphate is based on 300 two-shift days a year.
Capacity of concentrated superphosphate and other phosphatic
materials is based on 350 days a year, continuous operations.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 315.
Total combined nitrogen, 1924-1970.
Source: 1924-1950, see source for series P 314; 1951-1955, U.S.
Business and Defense Services Administration, Summary Information
on Anhydrous Ammonia, Bulletin No. 142, February 1956; 1956-
P 231-243
1970, U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly Business and
Defense Services Administration), unpublished data.
This series was entitled "synthetic nitrogen" from 1924-1955.
Capacity is based on 350 days a year, continuous operations.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 316.
Rayon and acetate yarn, staple and tow, 1911-1970.
Source: 1911, New York Times, Special Chemistry Section, September 2, 1951; 1931-1970, Textile Economics Bureau, Textile Organon
(prior to 1952, Rayon Organon), New York, various issues. (Copyright.)
Data for 1931-1938 are for yarn only; staple and tow data are
not available for those years.
Capacity is as of November for all years except 1933 (July) and
1944 (April). Allowance was made for periodic shutdowns of machines for repair, overhaul, or cleaning on a set time schedule.
None or negligible capacity in Alaska and Hawaii.
P 317.
Paper and paperboard, 1900-1970.
Source: American Paper Institute, The Statistics of Paper, 1957,
and subsequent annual issues, New York (copyright).
Historic capacity, used until 1955, is based on 310 days a year, 24
hours a day, for paper and building paper and 313 days for paperboard. From 1956 to 1969, practical maximum capacity was used,
based on 340 days a year for paper, 339 days for paperboard, and
326 days for construction paper and board and wet machine board.
In 1970, practical maximum capacity was based on 346 days for all
grades, 348 days for paper, 346 days for paperboard, and 334 days
for construction paper and board and wet machine board.
Includes Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1960.
P 318-374. Value of output offinishedcommodities and construction
materials destined for domestic consumption at current producers'
prices, and implicit price indexes for major commodity groups
(Shaw), 1869-1939.
Source: William H. Shaw, Value of Commodity Output Since 1869,
National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1947, pp. 30, 66,
and 290 (copyright).
These estimates are derived from census of manufactures data,
supplemented by less complete data for nonmanufactured finished
commodities and construction materials and for intercensal year
interpolations. The estimates before 1919 are based necessarily
on less adequate information.
The estimates of finished commodities measure the value of commodities that have reached the form in which they are used by ultimate recipients—largely households in the case of consumers' goods,
chiefly business and public enterprises in the case of producers'
goods. The amount "destined for domestic consumption" is derived
as the sum of domestic production, minus exports, plus imports. In
most years and for most commodities, the differences between domestic production of finished commodities and finished commodities
destined for domestic consumption were modest. Changes in the
latter, therefore, can be used as an approximate measure of changes
in domestic manufacturing output. For figures on domestic output
of finished commodities at producers' prices for 1919-1933, see Simon
Kuznets, Commodity Flow and Capital Formation, vol. 1, National
Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1938, pp. 136-138 and 348.
The estimates presented here exclude transportation and distribution costs incurred after the production stage, and hence are
not in terms of prices to final users. Nor do they measure domestic
consumption for they make no allowance for inventory changes.
Perishable commodities include those usually lasting less than 6
months; semidurable, those usually lasting from 6 months to 3 years;
and durable, those usually lasting more than 3 years. For a detailed
discussion of sources and procedures, see the source, part II for estimates of the value of output, part III for exports and imports, and
part IV for price indexes.
665
P 1-12
MANUFACTURES
Series P 1-12.
Establishments
Year
Manufactures Summary: 1849 to 1970
Persons engaged in
manufacturing ( 1 , 0 0 0 )
Payroll (mil. dol.)
Total
With 20
or more
employees
Proprietors
and
partners
Nonproduction
employees
Production
workers 1
Man-hours,
production
workers
(mil.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total
Salaries
7
8
Wages
Value
added b y
manufacture 2
(mil. dol.)
Capital
expenditures,
new
(mil. dol.)
End-ofyear
inventories
(mil. dol.)
9
10
11
12
FACTORIES, EXCLUDING HAND AND NEIGHBORHOOD INDUSTRIES
28,157
27,838
28,103
141,886
142,645
132,568
123,481
117,157
50,277
49,186
45,088
42,087
38,901
91,609
93,460
87,480
81,394
78,256
300,228
304,441
285,059
261,984
250,880
22,164
22,291
20,613
21,503
20,236
4,462
4,798
4,640
4,537
4,374
13,528
14,358
14,041
13,955
13,827
26,669
28,600
305,680
107,138
306,617
99,352
169
4,174
4,082
4,000
4,028
3,951
13,076
12,403
12,232
12,127
11,779
26,568
25,246
24,509
24,270
23,289
106,643
98,685
93,283
89,819
83,677
35,281
32,846
31,190
30,685
28,912
71,362
65,839
62,094
59,134
54,765
226,940
206,194
192,083
179,071
164,281
16,615
13,294
11,370
10,436
9,780
95,278
186
3,940
3,790
3,742
3,782
3,563
12,210
299,017
12,273
11,681
12,839
13,131
24,174
24,444
22,679
25,208
26,089
83,673
81,204
73,875
76,315
74,015
28,117
26,489
24,270
23,745
21,974
55,556
54,714
49,605
52,569
52,041
163,999
161,536
141,541
147,838
144,909
10,098
9,140
9,544
12,144
11,233
286,814
285,000
267,000
262,000
90,470
198
3,381
3,273
3,192
3,026
25,898
24,334
27,066
25,618
25,264
69,097
62,963
66,493
59,598
54,742
19,878
18,372
17,513
15,834
14,087
49,218
44,591
48,979
43,764
40,655
135,023
117,032
121,659
109,162
102,086
8,233
2,800
12,954
12,372
13,501
12,706
12,509
2,688
2,550
2,376
s1,719
1,217
11,779
11,016
11,918
7,808
8,569
23,717
21,770
24,317
46,643
41,482
39,696
'12,706
12,830
12,043
11,228
9,452
»3,708
2,717
34,600
30,254
30,244
s8,998
10,113
89,750
75,367
74,291
24,487
25,174
5,041
5,067
5,998
7,204
5,788
6,163
8,370
7,848
9,565
<6,238
2,253
«1,298
14,284
13,123
3,399
3,023
7,311
4,940
6,689
10,885
10,100
18,553
14,008
18,601
30,591
26,325
7,871
8,194
6,476
8,465
6,602
12,958
12,997
9,870
12,427
5,016
2,978
2,848
2,419
2,763
1,234
9,980
10,149
7,451
9,664
3,782
25,668
24,570
17,253
23,842
9,386
6,262
4,106
2,991
2,259
900
550
366
3,205
2,441
1,893
8,160
6,019
4,647
2,207
1,821
948
621
379
237
5,475
4,102
1,973
1,395
854
464
260,000
"240^807"
173,802
166,794
189
<124
99
167,916
139,325
171,450
206,663
187,629
82
72
1,058
• 770
133
132
1,290
1,224
183,877
192,096
192,059
270,231
268,436
133
148
172
250
259
1,271
1,280
264,810
213,444
204,754
272
225
759
493
348
1,081
1,371
911
5,182
4,502
8,201
8,048
7,883
7,782
FACTORIES AND HAND AND NEIGHBORHOOD INDUSTRIES
1899.
1889.
1879.
1869.
1869.
1849.
509,490
353,864
253,852
252,148
140,433
123,025
380
457
5,098
4,129
2,733
2,054
1,311
957
1 T h e Bureau of Labor Statistics annual averages for employment in manufacturing
indicates 1943 as the year of maximum employment, with 15,147,000 production
workers. See series D 145.
8 For 1 8 4 9 - 1 9 3 3 , cost of contract work was not subtracted from value of products
in calculating value added b y manufacture. For 1 9 3 5 - 1 9 5 3 , value added b y manufacture represents unadjusted value added; beginning 1954, it represents adjusted
value.
3 Except as noted, figures have been revised b y retabulation of returns t o exclude
data for establishments classified as manufacturing in 1939 but as nonmanufacturing
beginning 1947. Value added b y manufacture in 1939, prior t o revision and on a basis
comparable with prior years, was $ 2 4 . 7 billion.
666
2,596
2,209
389
388
* Includes establishments classified as manufacturing in 1939 and prior years b u t a s
nonmanufacturing thereafter.
6 Figures revised on basis of estimates rather than b y retabulation of 1939 reports.
Estimates made as follows: For nonproduction employees, b y multiplying the re tabulated figure for number of production workers b y the ratio of aQ employees to production
workers computed from unrevised 1939 data; for salaries and wages, b y multiplying the
retabulated wage figure by the ratio for salaries and wages also derived from the u n revised 1939 data.
6 Excludes data for salaried officers of corporations and their salaries; therefore, not
strictly comparable with figures for other years.
PRODUCTION INDEXES
Series P 13-17.
P
Indexes of Manufacturing Production: 1860 to 1970
NBER *
(1947 = 100)
NBER 2
(1939 = 100)
FRB i
(1967 = 100)
NBER 2
(1958 = 100)
43
51
47
131
1945_
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941.
82
86
87
83
80
1919
1914
1913
1912
1911
1940.
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
74
69
60
66
129
125
121
117
113
25
81
76
71
66
66
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
65
64
57
61
61
109
107
100
100
99
1935.
1934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
18
63
57
53
46
52
1905.
1904_
1903_
1902.
1901.
91
90
19
23
21
20
20
54
56
86
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
1900.
1899.
1898.
1897.
1896.
100
100
91
80
74
87
79
78
76
73
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
19
17
18
15
12
1895.
1894.
1893.
1892.
1891.
81
68
70
79
73
1920.
1919.
15
15
FRB 1
(1967 = 100)
NBER 2
(1958 = 100)
Year
105
111
106
100
58
52
55
51
49
86
45
39
41
39
35
Frickey 3
(1899 = 100)
Year
22
18
23
22
15
14
12
15
1 Federal Reserve Board index of manufacturing production.
2 National Bureau of Economic Research index of physical volume, all manufacturing
industries.
Series P 18-39.
13-28
3
Year
34
29
192
203
194
162
172
166
127
156
152
140
19
121
126
127
111
1890.
1889_
18881887.
1886.
1885.
1884.
1883.
1882.
1881.
1880.
1879.
1878.
1877.
1876.
1875.
1874.
1873.
1872.
1871.
1870.
1869.
1868.
1867.
1866.
1865.
1864.
1863.
1862.
1861.
I860.
Edwin Frickey's indexes of manufacturing production.
Indexes of Manufacturing Production (FRB), by Industry Group: 1947 to 1970
[1967 = 100]
Durable manufactures
Total
manufacturing
Primary
metals
Total
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery
Transportation
equipment
Instruments
and related products
Stone, clay,
and glass
products
Lumber
and
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
27
109
114
106
100
101
100
107
102
100
99
90
108
99
107
114
103
100
109
89
81
76
71
66
89
79
74
69
62
104
96
84
78
73
93
83
78
76
70
84
74
68
65
57
91
80
76
69
60
65
64
57
61
61
63
62
54
62
62
74
75
64
80
84
72
72
64
71
69
56
54
45
52
52
64
62
54
69
64
58
52
55
51
49
60
52
59
52
49
85
65
80
71
78
68
60
67
59
60
47
42
45
39
41
39
44
36
40
38
71
57
67
65
57
46
51
50
105
111
106
100
98
102
110
106
100
100
99
107
105
100
101
57
101
96
91
86
81
95
91
86
82
78
93
86
81
78
71
58
55
48
51
49
81
84
73
76
77
74
79
70
68
75
72
73
65
69
69
66
58
66
53
45
44
40
39
72
62
63
62
64
76
68
68
64
65
66
57
53
51
49
41
34
34
31
26
23
25
25
58
48
52
48
65
54
52
43
46
45
100
101
111
116
107
100
95
106
106
109
105
100
110
60
113
106
105
61
59
667
P 58-67
MANUFACTURES
Series P 18-39.
Indexes of Manufacturing Production (FRB), by Industry Group: 1947 to 1970—Con.
[1967 = 100]
Nondurable manufactures
Year
Total
Textile
mill
products
Apparel
products
Leather
and
products
Paper and
products
Printing
and publishing
Chemicals
and
products
Petroleum
and
products
Rubber and
plastics
products
Food
Tobacco
products
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
111
111
106
100
97
90
84
79
75
71
106
113
109
100
102
95
87
81
78
73
98
103
102
100
101
98
94
89
86
82
91
96
106
100
105
104
101
99
101
98
113
114
106
100
100
92
86
81
76
72
104
106
103
100
98
90
84
77
73
71
120
120
110
100
93
82
74
67
62
55
113
108
105
100
97
93
91
88
84
80
116
120
113
100
97
84
74
69
64
57
112
108
104
100
97
92
90
86
83
81
100
97
100
100
100
100
101
97
94
93
I960..
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
69
67
61
61
60
57
51
51
49
48
71
72
64
65
68
66
58
62
60
61
82
80
73
75
75
74
67
67
67
63
99
104
97
99
100
99
90
92
92
86
68
67
59
59
60
57
51
51
47
49
70
68
63
65
63
59
54
52
49
49
53
51
44
42
40
37
32
32
29
28
77
74
70
70
70
66
60
58
55
54
54
54
45
46
43
43
35
34
32
31
78
76
73
71
70
66
63
61
60
59
90
88
85
79
75
74
72
74
75
73
1950
1949
1948.1947
46
42
42
41
61
54
58
55
64
60
60
58
92
85
89
94
46
38
40
39
49
46
45
43
25
20
20
18
48
44
45
42
31
24
25
25
58
56
55
56
69
68
68
67
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
Series P 40-57.
Indexes of Manufacturing Production, by Industry Group: 1899 to 1954
[1947 = 100]
Year
Primary
metals
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery,
except
electrical
Electrical
machinery
Transportation
equipment
Stone, clay,
and glass
products
Lumber and
furniture
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
1954
1947—
1939
1937
1935
1933
1931..
1929
1927
1925
1923
1921
1919
1914
1909.
1904
1899
Durable manufactures
All
manufacturing
industries
-
128
100
57
58
46
35
40
56
49
103
100
52
58
39
27
32
65
52
46
43
30
34
29
24
19
15
53
52
26
40
29
28
18
14
114
100
50
51
165
100
35
116
100
38
Instruments
and miscellaneous 1
48
189
100
49
60
48
22
30
66
45
124
100
87
88
61
42
60
89
88
116
100
72
69
54
42
57
91
90
50
50
25
40
13
7
5
5
81
93
82
76
71
75
75
69
74
178
100
62
Nondurable manufactures
Year
Textiles and
apparel
Rubber
products
Leather
Paper
Printing
and
publishing
Chemicals
Petroleum
and coal
products
Food
Tobacco
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
1954—
1947—
1939—
1937
1936—
1933—
1931
1929—
1927—
109
100
80
72
67
57
58
67
63
114
100
55
51
45
39
39
57
52
90
100
87
86
79
68
142
79
76
131
100
68
63
53
44
45
52
46
126
100
69
73
62
52
60
72
65
164
100
46
43
35
29
30
35
29
131
100
65
61
49
42
45
54
45
109
100
66
61
62
37
41
46
42
108
100
66
65
56
48
51
55
50
1925—
1923...
1921—
1919—
1914
1909
1904
1899
58
56
43
45
48
41
32
26
48
41
24
30
67
75
60
142
64
66
58
50
40
36
26
27
24
19
14
10
59
52
37
39
34
25
19
12
24
22
15
18
15
11
8
6
40
34
30
21
12
9
6
5
40
38
31
32
34
28
24
19
45
41
36
38
29
24
21
16
1
Includes ordnance and accessories.
668
SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS
Series P 58-67.
P 58-67
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970
[Represents operating manufacturing establishments only]
Establishments
A l l employees
Total
With 20
employees
or more
58
59
Number
Number
Industry
group and
year
Number
Production workers
3
Payroll
Number
Man-hours
1
Wages
61
1,000
Value
added b y
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
new
65
Mil. dol.
1,000
Millions
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
FOOD AND KINDRED
PRODUCTS
1970 _
1969 _
1968 _
1967_
1966.
32,518
13,514
1,619
1,653
1,632
1,650
1,643
11,698
11,135
10,497
10,077
9,542
1,105
1.132
1,114
1,122
1,098
2,216
2,265
2,234
2,259
2,240
7,095
6,782
6,390
6,063
5,676
32,289
29,997
28,202
26,621
24,896
2,144
1,917
1,740
1,730
1,692
9,162
9,028
8,637
8,593
8,363
1,095
1,095
1,098
1,119
1,138
2,233
2,270
2,228
2,287
2,317
5,446
5,367
5,159
5,060
4,934
23,538
25,053
21,826
20,870
20,124
1,476
1,413
1,249
1,235
1,044
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
37,521
14,113
1,641
1.646
1,643
1,683
1,702
I960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
41,970
14,890
1,719
1,718
1,718
1,688
1,706
8,210
7,910
7,622
7,141
6,964
1,155
1,155
1.153
1.133
1,167
2,348
2,345
2,310
2,304
2,378
4.857
4,702
4,549
4,244
4,202
19,753
18,646
17,701
16,347
15,939
1,034
1,078
1,021
923
887
42,373
13,648
1,674
1.647
1,455
1,480
1,474
6,544
6,200
5,267
5,098
4,819
1.154
1,138
1,059
1,075
1,079
2,344
2,316
2,160
2,216
2,218
3,940
3,758
3,436
3,313
3,143
14,790
13,767
11,938
11,340
10,579
798
788
545
527
687
1,493
1,463
1,461
4,415
4,199
3,833
2,218
2,222
2,368
1,068
2.858
2,707
2,617
888
981
804
10,104
9,426
9,116
3,485
3,371
2,804
649
723
821
932
1,075
1,077
1,112
802
891
800
1955..
1954 ».
1953..
1952._
1951._
36,829
38,237
I960.
1949.
1947.
1939.
1937.
1935.
38,466
19333_
1931__
1929._
1927<_
1925._
40,325
48,729
55,325
48,947
48,151
768
777
872
796
793
1,203
1,104
1,062
669
647
741
668
667
624
740
896
817
799
2,413
2,745
3,340
2,840
2,718
1923.
1921.
51,173
51,502
818
760
1,084
1,016
676
621
792
742
2,506
2,120
71
72
74
75
72
448
411
396
377
356
63
63
65
66
64
119
117
121
126
122
362
329
323
304
289
2,489
2,221
2,141
2,032
1,872
56
61
50
53
58
75
79
77
76
78
349
353
331
328
317
66
70
69
67
69
125
138
132
134
135
285
291
272
265
258
1,766
1,772
1,681
1,642
1,590
59
59
54
49
49
81
83
85
88
93
313
304
295
284
279
73
75
76
81
85
142
145
147
151
156
258
255
248
240
237
1,546
1,480
1,414
1,246
1,173
47
53
48
42
47
95
93
94
271
260
253
241
230
88
87
87
86
86
166
163
166
163
162
230
220
213
202
192
1,083
1,004
987
868
856
27
28
29
22
18
93
101
112
213
208
206
85
93
103
160
174
198
177
174
175
806
779
641
18
22
36
42,802
43,667
48,763
48,982
TOBACCO
MANUFACTURES
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
329
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
I960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
231
504
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
1950.
1949.
1947.
380
391
1,086
1 Beginning 1947, for food and kindred products, excludes driver-salesmen in bakery
products industry. N u m b e r of driver-salesmen for 1939 was at least 120,000.
! Beginning 1954, includes milk bottling plants.
Value added for this industry in
1954 was $ 1 , 4 7 6 million.
3 Beginning
1933, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
ethyl alcohol.
4 Beginning
1927, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
vegetable cooking oils.
669
P 58-67
MANUFACTURES
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
All employees
Production workers
Wages
Value
added by
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
new
Aggregate
horsepower
rating of
power
equipment
63
64
65
66
67
Millions
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
1,000
Total
With 20
employees
or more
Number
Payroll
Number
Man-hours
58
59
60
61
62
Number
Number
1,000
Mil. dol.
1,000
Industry
group and
year
TOBACCO
MANUFACTURES —
Con.
1939...
1937.
1935
1933
1931...
765
852
890
804
1,228
96
98
96
91
87
82
71
59
88
92
91
87
100
69
70
59
51
69
1929
1927
1925
1923
1921
1,888
2,156
2,623
3,672
4,312
126
141
143
162
165
118
129
134
151
148
116
129
132
146
150
95
105
111
121
121
65
52
42
44
10,291
13,951
15,822
16,827
14,959
173
196
180
170
140
153
100
86
71
57
157
179
167
159
133
124
78
69
63
48
43
35
28
24
22
925
968
959
929
927
5,082
5,132
4,850
4,391
4,244
813
869
854
828
828
1,629
1,748
1,758
1,690
1,728
4,036
4,129
3,945
3,557
3,446
9,334
9,605
9,184
8,153
8,028
811
849
691
733
887
4,368
894
876
863
880
876
3,912
3,647
3,385
3,358
3,183
798
782
776
787
782
1,671
1,626
1,568
1,590
1,552
3,189
2,963
2,768
2,723
2,575
7,469
6,672
6,123
6,055
5,609
618
504
382
376
322
901
930
903
989
1,044
3,214
3,252
2,943
3,183
3,298
809
835
812
893
949
1,602
1,689
1,571
1,736
1,874
2,626
2,681
2,412
2,632
2,750
5,591
5,692
4,870
5,197
5,456
326
300
215
289
297
1,059
1,037
1,158
1,135
1,195
3,241
3,033
3,455
3,343
3,438
966
948
1,060
1,037
1,097
1,921
1,821
2,086
2,039
2,155
2,708
2,527
2,910
2,823
2,925
5,312
4,709
5.412
5,257
5,421
262
226
256
323
406
1,245
1,170
1,232
3,364
2,973
2,833
1.142
1,066
1,146
1,082
1,138
2,301
2,071
2,307
2,861
2,510
2,448
907
974
5,642
4,741
5,323
1,818
1,786
420
419
368
847
664
762
1,082
1,128
1,461
1,342
1,525
2,321
2,273
1919
1914
1909
1904..
1899
350
325
284
250
370
100
TEXTILE MILL
PRODUCTS
1970
1969...
1968..
1967
1966
_
7,080
4,453
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
7,104
I960..
1959.
1958 1
1957..
1956
7,680
4,621
8,070
4,862
1955...
1954
1953
1952
1951..
7,584
7,758
1950
1949
1947...
1939
1937 2_
8,157
6,388
6,096
1935.
1933.
1931 _
1929
1927
6,433
5,957
6,490
7,415
7,633
1,130
986
1,190
1,208
1,293
1,314
1,070
972
904
1,120
1.143
1925
1923
1921
1919
1914
7,892
8,249
7,695
7,869
6,756
1,201
1,263
1,072
1,139
1,013
1,272
1,345
1,071
1,108
476
1,135
1,190
1,012
1,076
976
1,093
1,152
916
932
417
2,212
2.413
1,824
2,300
781
1909
1904.
1899.
6,490
5,798
5,930
813
716
307
250
932
786
698
362
271
224
752
515
441
8,434
1 Beginning 1958, excludes establishments primarily producing hats, except cloth
and millinery, and those primarily producing hard-surface floor covering except asbestos,
plastic, or rubber; therefore, data are not entirely comparable with those for earlier
years. The 1957 employment was 12,428 for the hats except millinery industries and
8,736 for the hard-surface floor covering industry. Also, prior to 1958, excludes estab-
670
5,043
4,463
3,670
4,146
4,173
3,987
3,783
3,248
2,717
lishments primarily engaged in shrinking and sponging of cloth; such establishments
had 1,723 employees in 1958.
2 For 1937 and 1939, includes establishments that cut and stitch products from knit
cloth made in separate mills of integrated companies.
SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
Industry
group and
year
P 58-67
Total
Production workers
All employees
W i t h 20
employees
Number
Payroll
Number
Man-hours
61
Number
Number
Mil. dol.
1,000
Millions
Wages
Value
added b y
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
new
64
65
66
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
APPAREL AND OTHER
TEXTILE PRODUCTS
1970.
1969.
19681967.
1966-
26,393
12,705
1,341
1,381
1.356
1.357
1,360
6,267
6,402
6,012
5,582
5,207
1,171
1,210
1,194
1,200
1,202
2,119
2,203
2,177
2,179
2,213
4,806
4,944
4,681
4,341
4,038
11,598
11,571
10,881
10,064
9,181
300
311
267
208
4,955
4,684
4,423
4,162
3,877
1,183
1,147
1.133
1,085
1,066
2,179
2,107
2,053
1,952
1,891
3,878
3,640
3,482
3,224
3.000
8.684
8,163
7,861
7,135
6,707
168
123
129
98
80
206
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961-
28,457
13,011
1,335
1,303
1,280
1,235
1,214
1960._
1959..
1958
1957-_
1956..
29,363
13,034
1,238
1,237
1,181
1,264
1,271
3,865
3,827
3,587
3,664
3,612
1.089
1.090
1,042
1,123
1.134
1,932
1,990
1,837
1,989
2,031
3,012
3.001
2,771
2,867
2,842
6,587
6,495
6,001
6,067
5,973
84
88
91
107
88
31,472
13,380
1,248
1,190
1,227
1,143
1,123
3,408
3,202
3,358
3,079
2,955
1,117
1,070
1,106
1,018
1,002
2,000
2,684
2,521
2,652
2,404
2,295
5,650
5,166
5,415
4,849
4,699
86
77
60
55
69
1,151
1,161
1,082
2,765
2,717
2,525
1,005
1,009
973
753
693
1,815
1,813
1,811
2,170
2,094
2,015
656
63
54
84
600
4,176
4,245
4,440
1,386
1,245
631
513
531
606
571
545
366
503
687
673
1,123
826
1,370
1,927
1,878
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
29,079
28,931
1,899
1,995
1,876
1,819
1950-.
1949._
1947-.
1939 2 _
1937 «_
26,145
1935-_
1933._
1931-_
1929__
1927-.
18,952
14,801
19,750
22,470
22,077
681
648
901
859
1925 _
1923192119191914-
18,609
20,333
20,049
22,501
18,015
635
586
640
618
816
733
769
356
515
545
515
554
548
602
627
584
578
270
1.685
1,748
1,408
1,618
682
1909.
1904.
1899_
16,747
12,416
12,619
428
364
194
150
537
391
338
247
159
123
614
414
309
542
566
552
554
572
3,241
3,246
3,019
2,799
2,693
475
502
491
496
506
925
986
973
977
1,015
2,591
2,630
2,471
2,291
2,214
5,869
6,331
5,916
4,973
4,791
535
590
484
426
485
30,063
20,375
16,389
LUMBER AND
WOOD PRODUCTS
19701969.
1968.
19671966.
36,795
5,803
1965.
1964.
1963 _
1962.
1961.
36,150
5,765
572
559
563
553
556
2,586
2,436
2,339
2,170
2,084
507
490
497
493
494
1,009
985
979
972
961
2,124
2,048
1,943
1,780
1,714
4,474
4,365
4,021
3,644
3,413
482
362
395
300
242
1960-_
1959-.
1958 <1957_ _
1956__
37,882
5,904
594
617
585
646
698
2,169
2,230
2,008
2,111
2,276
529
552
509
579
631
1,028
1.071
967
1.072
1,187
1,779
1,850
1,642
1,723
1,887
3,495
3,806
3,213
3,285
3,817
334
301
297
204
293
41,484
6,387
693
645
720
743
771
2,187
1,934
2,087
2,072
2,015
628
582
658
687
714
1,202
1,107
1,236
1,270
1,308
1,820
1,605
1,803
1,786
1,738
3,744
3,242
3,501
3,449
3,523
302
217
183
178
240
751
649
642
1,748
1,422
1,352
692
1,272
1,083
1,255
1,510
1,210
1,191
3,166
2,284
2,520
192
147
172
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
1950
1949 «_
1947 «.
41,506
"26^312
1 Prior t o 1958, excludes establishments producing hats, except cloth and millinery.
In 1954, these establishments had 12,988 employees and $61,886 thousand value added
by manufacture. Also prior to 1958, includes establishments primarily engaged in
shrinking and sponging of cloth. In 1958, such establishments had 1,723 employees
and $10,709 thousand value added by manufacture.
2 For 1937 and 1939, excludes establishments that cut and stitch products from knit
cloth made in separate mills of integrated companies.
3 Horsepower of prime movers only.
601
601
4 Prior to 1958, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of hard
ressed wood fiberboard and those primarily engaged in manufacturing fabricated
ardboard products.
5 In 1949 and 1950, there was a significant undercoverage in the sample for this
major group, especially in the logging camps and logging contractors industry.
• For 1 9 3 7 - 1 9 4 7 , excludes logging contractors and independent logging camps not
operating sawmills as well as establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
Venetian blinds.
E
671
P 58-67
MANUFACTURES
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con,
Establishments
Production workers
All employees
Total
With 20
employees
or more
Number
Payroll
Number
Man-hours
58
59
60
61
62
63
Number
Number
1,000
1,000
000
Millions
Industry
group and
year
Mil.
dol.
Wages
Value
added b y
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
new
Aggregate
horsepower
rating of
power
equipment
64
65
66
67
Mil.
M
dol.
do
Mil.
M
dol.
do
Mil.
dol.
1,000
LUMBER AND WOOD
PRODUCTS—Con.
1939
1937
1935
1933
1931
1
1
_ _ _ _ _ _
1929 2
1927
1925
1923»
1921
1919
1914 4
1909
1904
189921
_ _
_
13,208
11,747
11,280
8,456
11,141
423
438
384
294
327
355
369
283
182
277
731
714
542
379
524
2,998
759
748
815
820
681
603
602
674
693
521
632
632
693
701
483
1,322
1,179
1,333
1,399
853
3,674
3,332
3,473
3,336
715
718
774
410
663
672
758
596
563
668
349
347
272
209
1,299
647
708
578
437
3,410
3,176
437
456
433
425
429
2,691
2,693
2,453
2.258
2,188
361
381
364
358
361
715
761
733
716
735
1,938
1,968
1,793
1,654
1,621
4,876
5,031
4,562
4,170
3,990
231
190
178
198
186
407
388
377
368
351
2,013
1,845
1,727
1,638
1,503
342
324
315
307
293
699
663
640
632
590
1,487
1,375
1,290
1,205
1,097
3,612
3,227
3,068
2,841
2,568
151
108
110
96
77
364
368
354
375
376
1,531
1,522
1,414
1,432
1,417
304
309
292
311
315
615
628
575
618
638
1,124
1,131
1,039
1,049
1,057
2,619
2,614
2,396
2,514
2,510
76
84
83
84
92
366
341
361
332
336
1,329
1,197
1.259
1,123
1,077
309
287
310
285
290
627
571
629
589
590
996
893
973
853
818
2,306
1,998
2,047
1,904
1,804
79
62
59
55
56
346
310
316
1,013
862
807
296
270
278
189
199
617
549
584
774
653
642
187
202
1,667
1,412
1,346
418
424
68
41
77
133
91
147
276
266
274
193
322
615
569
415
314
340
211
20,928
14,949
16,878
16,471
16,548
651
649
726
746
566
35,872
37,949
44,822
29,308
32,456
FURNITURE AND
FIXTURES
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963_
1962
1961
1960
1959
19581957
1956
.
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
_
-
1950
1949
1947
1939 5
1937 •
1935
1933
1931
1929
1927
1925 '
1923
1921
1919
10,008
3,449
10,478
3,313
10,329
3,265
10,373
3,012
8,778
8,369
7,551
5,178
4,469
171
111
-
4,319
3,491
4,554
5,491
4,666
171
137
.
248
237
359
338
151
123
147
219
210
---
--
4,776
4,532
4,326
4,821
4,844
232
217
162
183
169
321
293
214
214
110
204
192
142
160
149
254
232
165
162
84
562
510
347
366
174
142
127
98
73
58
40
151
116
82
4,337
3,497
2,614
Fo
x ud
ogg ng on a o
and nd p nd n ogg ng amp no
op a ng awm
a w
a
ab hm n
p ma y ngag d n manu a u
o
V n
an b nd
Fo
x ud
ab hm n
p ma y ngag d n manu a u
o wood
and v h
o k
Fo
va u add d b y manu a u
on a ba
ompa ab
w h
m
on
on n w ba
m
on
Fo
n ud
ab hm n
ngag d n manu a u
o
u
mad o
m a and o h
ma
a a w
a wood
gu
o a
y a
n ud
ab hm n
mak ng wood n u
on y
B g nn ng
x ud
ab hm n
p ma y ngag d n manu a u
o
w ndow and doo
n Fo
x ud
ab hm n
ngag d n manu a u
o a h and h ng
va u add d by manu a u
on a ba
ompa ab
w h p o
wa
m
on
y a
672
D g zed o FRASER
h p ase s ou s ed o g
Fede a Rese ve Bank o S Lou s
1,265
949
566
504
456
403
345
B g nn ng
n ud
ab
hm n p ma y ngag d n manu a u
o m a
on
Fo
va u add d b y manu a u
on a ba
ompa ab
w h p o
wa
m
on
B g nn ng
n ud
ab hm n
p ma y
ngag d n manu a u
o
V n
an b nd Fo
va u add d by manu a u
on a ba
ompa ab
w h
p o y a
wa
m
on
Fo
x ud
ab
hm n
p ma y
ngag d n manu a u
o
w ng ma h n
a
ab n
and ab
Fo
x ud
ab hm n
p ma y ngag d n manu a u
o
w ndow and doo
n Fo
va u add d b y manu a u
on a ba
ompa ab
w h p o y a
wa
m
on
pa
y a
SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
Industry
group and
year
Production workers
All employees
Total
W i t h 20
employees
Number
58
59
60
Number
P 58-67
Number
Payroll
Number
Man-hours
Wages
63
1,000
Mil. dol.
1,000
Millions
Mil. dol.
Value
added b y
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
65
66
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
PAPER AND ALLIED
PRODUCTS
1970.
1969,
1968.
1967.
1966.
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962_
1961.
1960,.
1959._
1958 i .
1957..
1956__
1955.
19541953.
1952.
1951 _
5,890
3,812
5,713
3,552
5,259
5,004
4,334
4,406
659
670
643
639
634
5,374
5,200
4,750
4,436
4,236
520
531
510
508
503
1,076
1,128
1,086
1,071
1,076
3,850
3,757
3,436
3,206
3,071
11,590
11,426
10,466
9,756
9,417
1,397
1.421
1,238
1,585
1.422
610
593
588
576
570
3,896
3,686
3,508
3,336
3.179
485
471
468
460
456
,029
,007
989
971
958
2,829
2,678
2,551
2.424
2,315
8,464
7,806
7,396
6,997
6,660
1,186
902
709
742
685
575
569
551
563
563
3,089
2,998
2,759
2,721
2,616
461
459
445
458
461
964
977
927
956
982
2,235
2,201
2,022
2,010
1,952
6,509
6,393
5,669
5,724
5,610
659
686
634
767
750
546
528
533
482
495
2.419
2,205
2.180
1,878
1,823
451
436
442
402
415
968
920
950
868
1,818
1,657
1,647
1.425
1,389
5,141
4,630
4,463
3,883
4,180
556
533
397
371
389
478
447
454
1,607
1.420
1,295
401
377
392
270
267
874
801
857
1,240
083
018
315
310
3,438
2,777
2,913
888
299
315
407
236
173
217
282
264
518
606
782
686
1950..
1949__
1947 2.
1939
1937 •>_
4,849
1935.1933-_
1931 s .
1929..
1927
2,945
2,697
2,917
2,973
2,851
267
221
313
220
258
246
373
344
236
196
197
229
218
1925.
1923.
1921 _
1919.
1914-
2,614
2,582
2,511
2,558
2,344
242
241
202
227
182
327
317
256
268
114
216
214
181
203
164
256
244
198
208
87
612
564
392
517
201
1909.
19041899.
2,316
2,031
1,895
155
129
85
62
44
142
120
94
67
51
35
168
100
1,077
1,091
1,040
1,031
1,018
8,682
8,338
7,627
7,152
6,751
653
667
636
632
619
1,265
1,262
1,204
1,196
1,209
4,903
4,702
4,280
4,011
3,832
17,232
16,793
15,329
14,355
13,265
873
853
757
788
709
4,100
3,328
3,084
122
90
PRINTING AND
PUBLISHING
1970.
1969.
196819671966.
37,
8,035
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
38,090
7,215
982
935
913
922
913
6,269
5,848
5,515
5,411
5,201
597
570
560
566
559
1,156
1,124
1.083
1.084
1,075
3,575
3,350
3,191
3,101
2,983
12,099
11,192
10,476
9,998
9,551
543
465
464
436
414
19601959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
35,457
6,859
907
885
865
867
854
5,065
4,812
4,489
4,295
4,118
560
553
531
533
527
1,082
1,054
998
1,019
1,017
2,935
2,799
2,596
2,466
2,386
9,342
8,788
7,973
7,913
7,547
420
403
422
327
289
32,530
6,054
823
804
760
773
765
3,837
3,620
3,387
3,267
3,068
507
499
474
471
474
985
961
924
999
991
2,225
2,014
1,909
1,791
6,938
6,403
5,916
5,660
5,289
254
237
195
189
244
763
756
715
2,909
2,744
2,276
472
462
438
1,019
994
1,702
1,569
1,318
4,907
4,659
4,249
244
254
226
195519541953195219511950-_
1949-_
1947
30,147
29,704
29,427
29,078
Beginning 1958, excludes hard pressed wood fiberboard mills.
Beginning 1947, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of
tags.
3 Beginning 1939, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture
of printed paper patterns and laminated enamel hard pressed insulating wallboards
of vegetable fiber. I n 1939, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with
prior years was $870 million.
1
2
2,112
4 Beginning 1937, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture
of fiber products, fiber conduits, and molded pulp products. In 1937, value added b y
manufacture on a basis comparable with prior years was $853 million.
6 Beginning 1931, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
papeteries. I n 1931, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with prior
years was $600 million.
6 Prior to 1947, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of tags.
673
P 58-67
MANUFACTURES
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
All employees
Production workers
Wages
Value
added by
manufacture 1
Capital
expenditures,
new
Aggregate
horsepower
rating of
power
equipment
63
64
65
66
67
MiUions
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
1,000
Total
With 20
employees
or more
Number
Payroll
Number
Man-hours
58
59
60
61
62
Number
Number
1,000
Mil. dol.
1,000
Industry
group and
year
PRINTING AND
PUBLISHING—Con.
1939'
1937
1935
1933'
1931
24,878
22,674
22,505
19,216
24,664
552
655
473
398
978
951
792
579
324
361
303
262
315
493
530
444
353
535
1,765
1,785
1,547
1,245
1,768
771
1929
1927
1925
1923
1921
27,364
25,876
23,646
22,897
22,669
566
524
497
481
428
1,139
1,027
924
838
718
358
331
817
310
284
636
589
544
494
436
2,233
1,936
1,757
1,627
1,306
649
570
486
430
1919
1914
1909..
1904
1899
33,262
34,241
32,137
28,369
24,363
448
406
374
299
244
594
340
281
203
144
304
286
270
228
202
352
207
174
133
104
1,091
627
619
424
300
379
342
881
883
856
841
822
8,004
7,603
6,939
6,443
6,129
656
566
561
541
629
1,121
1,161
1,116
1,086
1,077
4,327
4,181
3,846
3,555
3,400
27,930
27,319
25,810
23,550
22,656
3,111
2,843
2,789
2,936
2,899
780
749
737
727
713
5,694
5,244
4,970
4,755
4,524
502
480
474
470
460
1,023
986
963
963
932
3,105
2,928
2,780
2,647
2,621
20,956
19,166
17,586
16,009
14,805
2,482
1,862
1,646
1,382
1,500
726
718
698
757
755
4,422
4,233
3,941
4,036
3,862
470
471
463
606
515
944
949
908
1,018
1,040
2,473
2,410
2,242
2,322
2,266
14,415
14,336
12,308
12,373
11,894
1,285
1,103
1,244
1,264
1,082
741
734
768
739
703
3,566
3,377
3,400
3,117
2,784
508
499
536
513
498
1,027
1,011
1,094
1,063
1,029
2,117
1,994
2,103
1,904
1,733
11,108
9,647
9,320
8,589
8,165
761
927
944
1,019
981
643
612
626
2,342
2,092
1,899
457
440
464
276
303
955
922
975
1,471
1,320
1,236
342
366
7,237
5,848
5,317
1,819
1,732
603
598
805
282
217
259
352
319
1,363
1,121
1,359
1,737
1,474
..
CHEMICALS AND
ALLIED PRODUCTS
1970
1969..
1968
1967
1966.
11,799
4,348
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
11,996
3,986
1960
1959
1958...
1957
1956
11,372
3,753
11,074
3,959
1965
1954
1953
1952
1951
11,007
10,909
10,339
1960...
1949«...
1947
1989«
1937«.
1936
1933 » . .
1931
1929 8
1927 »
10,019
8,839
8,337
—
8,225
7,297
8,324
9,327
8,594
302
306
382
348
560
492
294
254
248
307
278
1925 »
1923
1921
1919
1914
8,160
8,253
8,208
10,688
10,698
340
279
388
269
459
369
497
192
261
264
212
294
208
297
286
218
306
106
1,320
1,185
834
1,198
457
1909
1904
1899 " . . .
10,380
8,370
7,669
235
191
170
144
103
80
185
158
144
82
56
51
401
286
212
•Printing and publishing—for 1909-1933, cost of contract work was subtracted
from value of products in calculating value added by manufacture only for the industries
in which it was significant. For 1899 and 1904, cost of contract work was not subtracted
from value of products for any industries. In 1909, value added by manufacture on a
basis comparable with prior years was $556 million.
2 Prior to 1939, includes establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of
paper patterns.
3 For 1933, excludes establishments engaged solely in music publishing.
4 Beginning 1949, includes Government-owned plants operated by private firms for
the account of the Federal Government.
'Beginning 1939, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
electrometallurgical products. In 1939, value added by manufacture on a basis
comparable with prior years was $1,838 million.
6 Beginning 1937, excludes establishments primarily engaged in mining of rock salt
or in smelting and refining of aluminium; in 1937, value added by manufacture on a
674
20~553"
13^521"
3,763
2,312
1,848
1,748
1,654
l,72i
1,459
basis comparable with prior years was $1,759 million. Also beginning 1937, excludes
woods employees of the gum naval stores industry; in 1937, production workers numbered 30,880 with wages of $8.6 million.
'Beginning 1933, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
ethyl alcohol.
8 Beginning 1929, excludes establishments other than petroleum refineries engaged
in manufacture of lubricating oils.
'Beginning 1927, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
vegetable cooking oils.
10 Beginning 1925, excludes certain establishments primarily engaged in manufacture
of rubber cement. In 1925, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with
prior years was $1,321 million.
11 For 1899, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of candles.
In 1904, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with 1899 was $287
million.
SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
Industry
group and
year
P 58-67
Production workers
All employees
Total
W i t h 20
employees
Number
58
59
60
Number
Number
1,000
Payroll
Man-hours
Number
62
Mil. dol.
1,000
Millions
Wages
Value
added by
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
new
64
65
66
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
PETROLEUM AND
COAL PRODUCTS
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
1,880
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
19611960_
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
1955..
1954 i.
1953..
1952-.
1951__
704
689
144
142
141
142
140
1,487
1,369
1,284
1,216
100
98
98
99
99
205
197
201
142
148
154
154
1,107
1.127
1,134
1,097
1,118
102
105
109
204
214
217
160
1,708
821
1,262
659
1,024
889
1,128
1,145
202
198
942
857
825
786
742
5,478
5,703
5,567
5,426
4,754
1,218
1,072
1,065
999
669
4,131
3,780
3,713
3,439
3,382
604
413
414
479
495
110
222
114
229
733
743
745
724
745
250
247
255
268
271
773
761
758
771
744
3,308
2,894
2,518
3,249
3,318
485
431
682
900
701
171
171
179
186
184
1,117
1,150
1,083
124
124
131
135
136
183
183
229
220
218
,001
953
,140
,036
970
136
136
176
170
170
271
269
351
338
347
692
659
821
751
712
2,793
2,241
2,795
2,619
2,687
545
674
833
208
208
208
850
820
726
162
330
336
354
624
614
543
177
189
2,139
1,744
1,991
697
332
474
400
471
395
432
829
543
1.128
612
332
1950._
1949__
1947 2.
1939
1937..
1,142
1935 K
1933..
1931..
1929
1927..
928
835
859
922
645
124
103
187
141
116
202
100
143
113
140
180
159
1925.
1923,
1921.
19191914.
750
781
692
787
591
113
125
103
193
210
176
182
49
97
103
87
97
51
154
163
136
143
36
562
430
511
112
19091904 6
1899 »
590
376
308
51
39
31
34
23
16
46
36
29
27
19
14
76
57
37
546
567
542
517
492
3,999
4,026
3,705
3,287
3,072
427
451
430
410
391
849
916
875
800
2,759
2,846
2,624
2,313
2,174
8,503
8,431
7,730
6,800
6,277
828
857
760
677
600
2,814
2,457
2,364
2,250
2,019
369
341
329
314
288
747
696
659
637
577
1,985
1,799
1,672
1,585
1,402
5,681
4,991
4,654
4,316
3,916
516
399
344
354
283
1,411
1,227
934
167
165
108
116
118
60
105
90
91
112
RUBBER AND
PLASTICS PRODUCTS,
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
6,456
3,122
816
1965 _
1964 _
1963.
1962.
1961.
5,728
2,449
465
430
415
398
371
1960.
1959.
1958'
1957.
1956-
4,562
1,827
378
379
348
260
265
1,998
1,968
1,723
1,310
1,260
296
300
271
205
211
590
600
531
403
415
1,400
1,406
1,211
954
931
3,773
3,793
3,277
2,462
2,418
299
214
197
149
152
1,406
753
730
743
265
247
270
255
253
1,257
1,059
1,140
1,042
963
213
196
219
206
207
437
377
432
409
415
947
776
866
786
735
2,377
1,954
2,021
1,744
1,729
127
128
127
127
114
838
239
872
258
837
713
781
196
180
214
392
342
424
644
533
613
1,620
1,195
1,300
110
19551954_
1953_
1952.
1951_
1950_
1949.
1947.
222
1 Beginning 1954, excludes beehive and byproduct coke ovens.
a For 1947, excludes byproduct coke plants operated in conjunction with public
utilities manufacturing and distributing gas, and includes establishments primarily
engaged in shipping lubricants and greases made from animal and vegetable oils.
3 Prior to 1939, excludes byproduct coke ovens owned by city gas companies. In 1939,
such ovens represented less than 2 percent of the total value of products for this commodity group.
4 For 1935, excludes a few establishments primarily engaged in blending and compounding lubricating oils.
80
63
6 Beginning 1929, excludes lubricants not elsewhere classified and paving mixtures
and blocks. In 1929, these industries represented 4 percent of the production workers
and 5 percent of the value added b y manufacture for this commodity group.
• For 1899 and 1904, excludes fuel briquets and roofing felts and coatings. I n 1909
these industries represented 6 percent of the production workers and 9 percent of the
value added b y manufacture for this commodity group.
7 Beginning
1958, includes establishments engaged in molding plastics products
for the trade and fabricating miscellaneous finished plastics products.
675
P 58-67
MANUFACTURES
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
Industry
group and
year
Production workers
All employees
Wages
Value
added by
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
new
Aggregate
horsepower
rating of
power
equipment 1
63
64
65
66
67
Millions
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
1,000
Total
With 20
employees
or more
Number
Payroll
Number
Man-hours
58
59
60
61
62
Number
Number
1,000
Mil. dol.
1,000
RUBBER AND
PLASTICS PRODUCTS,
N.E.c.—Con.
1939
1937..
1935
1933...
1931
695
578
566
408
553
150
150
132
121
227
216
169
125
121
130
115
106
99
161
171
134
99
113
406
369
309
261
361
989
1929...
1927
1925 2
1923
1921
525
616
530
529
596
172
169
263
259
160
125
231
171
149
142
142
138
103
207
198
191
182
124
539
565
539
457
327
821
791
660
606
1919
1914
1909
1904
1899
677
342
367
365
301
206
89
56
48
39
279
60
33
25
19
159
74
49
44
37
194
44
25
20
15
544
138
75
68
40
429
199
125
86
71
296
327
334
329
341
1,526
1,593
1,582
1,459
1,426
261
291
298
293
303
480
538
561
549
574
1,184
1.252
1.253
1,147
1,125
2,820
2,898
2,912
2,627
2,481
63
64
79
62
62
..
.
.
.
LEATHER AND
LEATHER PRODUCTS
1970
..
1969.
1968 . . .
1967...
1966
1965.
1964
1963
1962
1961
I960..
1959
1958.
1957
1956
-
1955
1954
1953 .
1952
1951
- _
3,685
1,967
4,047
2,073
336
327
328
346
351
1,348
1,286
1,228
1,256
1,225
299
292
292
308
312
563
553
543
569
568
1,065
1,022
982
1,000
970
2,322
2,265
2,079
2,102
2,041
47
38
35
36
35
4,549
2,227
358
363
349
362
367
1,227
1,246
1,146
1,157
1,149
317
324
310
323
329
582
601
566
590
607
972
993
912
939
939
2,044
2,121
1,898
1,892
1,882
35
34
32
32
37
4,845
2,267
366
357
375
361
354
1,102
1,027
1,099
1,016
945
330
321
338
324
318
613
587
630
605
576
896
834
987
834
768
1,778
1,641
1,711
1,597
1,475
37
28
25
19
22
385
375
383
949
892
874
342
338
349
327
329
629
610
677
773
722
725
294
308
1,499
1,387
1,533
583
584
26
30
31
336
302
333
254
351
350
444
444
311
282
273
319
316
280
223
262
360
365
530
452
524
774
781
4,352
4,981
4,827
6,423
6,798
314
394
341
385
469
214
314
346
280
350
308
355
390
315
364
170
751
797
610
898
353
5,785
5,476
5,785
340
284
265
191
141
117
311
266
250
156
121
102
325
246
187
5,012
4,883
1950
1949
1947
1939..
1937...
4,903
1935
1933
1931..
1929
1927
3.506
3,265
3,702
4,285
4,372
1925
1923
1921
1919
1914
5,308
3.505
3,249
..
1909
1904
1899
1
2
Prior to 1939, for rubber and plastics products, excludes plastics products,
Beginning 1925, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of rubber
676
587
505
461
436
420
413
413
383
311
cement and rubber toy balloons. In 1925t value added by manufacture on a basis
comparable with prior years was $537 million.
SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
Industrygroup and
year
P 58-67
All employees
Production workers
Total
W i t h 20
employees
Number
Payroll
58
59
60
61
Number
Number
1,000
Mil. dol.
Number
1,000
Man-hours
Wages
Value
added by
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
new
63
64
65
66
Millions
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
STONE, CLAY, AND
GLASS PRODUCTS
1970 _
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966-
591
608
590
590
616
4,531
4,440
4,065
3,826
3,838
470
484
469
469
488
951
987
951
948
999
3,321
3,257
2,971
2,784
2,812
9,786
9,851
9,212
8,333
8,495
920
908
734
821
940
15,580
4,911
1965-.
1964..
1963
1962..
1961--
15,838
4,655
605
581
574
573
567
3,602
3,369
3,213
3,103
2.938
480
459
456
463
457
981
949
929
939
923
2,640
2,447
2,350
2,280
2,153
7,996
7,493
7,044
6,589
6,288
773
627
608
549
554
1960-1959__
1958
1957._
1956-.
15,047
4,484
581
596
553
526
536
2,950
2.939
2,586
2,355
2,345
474
488
446
437
450
960
981
884
869
911
2,187
2,199
1,935
1,803
1,815
6,370
6,504
5,333
4,980
5,036
541
557
489
656
725
10,435
10,700
525
492
506
510
529
2,178
1,938
1,949
1,842
1,828
442
412
431
436
455
899
827
873
895
946
1,703
1,496
,539
,457
,459
4,637
3,866
3,753
3,531
3,561
461
301
282
251
323
1950_.
1949-_
1947 i1939
1937 i-
11,643
6,778
6,114
491
453
461
314
331
1,530
1,323
1,207
410
420
418
388
405
267
297
,220
,044
992
307
346
3,138
2,451
2,299
856
860
222
191
285
1935..
1933_.
1931..
1929_.
1927..
5,846
4,757
6,549
8,788
8,574
265
293
372
390
548
575
235
175
234
331
348
228
144
250
436
463
600
404
616
1,054
1,023
1925.
192319211919_
1914_
8,491
8,209
8,227
12,326
14,793
392
389
282
331
405
565
544
377
397
249
351
349
251
295
335
466
451
305
324
206
1,043
990
605
680
379
1909 _
1904.
1899_
16,207
10,744
11,571
372
305
243
224
171
116
344
286
230
190
149
102
352
271
185
1,261
1,311
1,275
1,281
1,296
11,252
11,447
10,479
9,851
9,911
1,014
1,064
1,033
1,042
1,066
2,009
2,172
2,090
2,089
2.191
8,410
8,688
7,922
7,457
7,649
21,445
22,729
20,974
19,978
20,899
2,737
2,816
3,102
3,134
2,765
1,250
1,181
1.127
1.128
1,100
9,238
8,488
7,734
7,482
7,060
1,026
973
922
917
891
2,105
1,994
1,839
1,796
1,723
7,176
6,578
5,934
5,658
5,271
18,924
16,692
15,261
13,678
12,759
2,257
1,886
1,446
1,159
1,175
1,144
1,092
1,272
1,319
7,215
7,057
6,281
7,019
6,893
957
947
883
1,053
1,110
1,837
1,830
1,670
2,057
2,195
5,424
5,354
4,696
5,440
5,444
13,283
13,578
11,542
13,320
13,848
1,615
1,076
1,544
2,150
1,651
1,274
1,152
1,288
1,240
1,244
6,418
5,260
6,002
5,215
5,137
1,076
967
1,103
1,066
1,079
2.192
1,866
2,253
2,071
2,256
5,117
4,105
4,867
4.204
4,219
12,963
9,772
11,004
9,051
9,761
977
910
1,212
1,603
1,127
1,129
1,016
1,158
4,158
3,465
3,602
978
868
1,012
672
792
2,009
1,702
2,054
3,400
2,770
2,983
978
1.205
7,951
5,710
5,733
2,169
2,520
548
568
592
1955-_
1954
1953_ _
1952_ _
1951-_
11,162
778
838
PRIMARY METAL
INDUSTRIES
1970196919681967.
1966196519641963196219611960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
1955-.
1954 2.
1953-.
1952__
1951-.
1950._
1949 _ _
1947..
1939-_
1937 s.
4,082
6,513
6,447
5,500
5,490
5,322
5,465
3,512
3,245
3,583
3,412
1 For 1939, 1947, and 1954, excludes establishments primarily engaged in producing
ready-mixed concrete. I n 1958, the value added in such establishments represented
12 percent of the total value added for this commodity group and, in 1937, less than 1
percent. T h e value added at quarries operated in conjunction with manufacturing
establishments (including value added in producing mineral products consumed in the
same establishment) was $194 million in 1954, $361 million in 1958, and $321 million
in 1963.
2 Beginning 1954, includes beehive and byproduct coke ovens.
1,222
9 For 1937, includes establishments primarily engaged in producing certain nonferrous
bearings and aluminum products (ship bunks, ornamental metal work, stampings,
novelties, valves and fittings, machined castings and tags) and excludes establishments primarily engaged in making electrometallurgical products, nonferrous die
castings and forgings, cast aluminum cooking ware, and in the heat treatment of steel.
I n 1939, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with 1937 was $ 2 , 1 3 1
million.
677
P 58-67
MANUFACTURES
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
Industry
group and
year
Total
Production workers
All employees
With 20
employees
or more
Number
Payroll
Man-hours
Wages
62
58
Number
Number
Number
Millions
Mil. dol.
Mil
dol.
Value
added b y
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
65
66
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
FABRICATED METAL
PRODUCTS
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
27,418
10,741
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
27,075
9,210
1960.
1959.
1958.
19571956.
24,783
8,323
1955.
1954.
1953.
1962.
1951.
1950.
1949.
1947.
1939..
1937 i .
22,516
7,348
17,953
17,552
17,975
16,877
1,334
1,399
1,358
1,342
1,252
10,780
10,773
10,038
9,320
8,245
1,025
1,097
1,068
1,057
984
2,080
2,228
2,193
1,173
1,082
1,084
1,050
7,414
6,853
6,388
6,234
5,810
915
870
844
834
803
1,086
1,089
1,061
1,114
1,102
5,889
5,805
5,425
5,383
5,127
1,094
1,019
2,038
7,430
7,551
7,062
6,542
5,762
20,888
20,740
19,505
18,043
15,792
1,140
1,287
1,041
1,118
953
1,901
1,795
1,721
1,717
1,629
5,182
4,803
4,484
4,283
3,953
14,171
12,693
11,791
11,128
10,291
806
727
570
530
416
836
843
815
880
881
1,699
1,714
1,609
1,751
1,774
4,038
4,004
3,734
3,803
3,669
10,331
10,488
9,440
9,544
9,244
484
505
464
528
498
1,118
1,008
1,035
4,863
4,397
4,765
4,124
3,988
885
821
916
820
853
1,787
1,652
1,885
1,692
1,765
3,533
3,174
3,555
3,037
2,970
8,775
7,653
8,144
7,168
7,139
459
433
446
328
354
989
872
973
3,404
2,884
2,834
807
710
1,658
1,429
1,695
2,524
2,088
2,189
6,211
4,834
4,920
317
231
305
547
605
1,401
1,389
1,116
2,161
451
493
9,532
8,688
MACHINERY,
EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
37,892
10,627
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
33,703
1960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
29,868
7,363
25,600
7,521
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
18,734
1950.
1949.
1947.
17,909
1939.
1937 3
8,860
7,327
17,910
8,426
1,891
1,944
1,849
1,865
1,804
16,638
16,442
14,755
14,226
13,470
1,306
1,377
1,320
1,349
1,310
2,624
2,830
2,701
2,785
2,796
10,222
10,402
9,428
9,236
8,843
31,814
32,009
28,778
27,836
27,035
1,855
1,866
1,743
1,868
1,658
1,653
1,539
1,459
1,451
1,382
11,742
10,607
9,571
9,202
8,405
1,196
1,109
1,045
1,035
984
2,515
2,327
2,151
22,762
20,302
17,311
16,106
14,240
1,228
1,961
7,660
6,892
6,209
5,825
5,248
1,426
1,414
1,350
1,707
1,717
8,482
8,203
7,314
9,050
8,897
1,014
1,022
956
1,266
1,308
2,045
2,062
1,856
2,573
2,717
5,398
5,310
4,654
6,061
6,156
14,410
14,582
12,414
15,978
16,176
701
607
670
1,038
888
1,064
1,541
1,691
1,651
1,604
7,812
7,186
7,876
7,380
6,729
1,222
1,171
1,307
1,284
1,260
2,513
2,368
2,744
2,733
2,693
5,438
4,977
5,686
5,352
4,914
13,753
12,333
13,381
12,807
11,219
653
714
755
1,368
1,295
1,552
5,063
4,559
4,830
1,064
1,005
1,249
2,183
2,013
2,591
3.609
3,175
3.610
8,765
7,689
7,834
337
351
518
770
970
2,037
2,366
1 For 1937, excludes establishments primarily engaged in producing lawn sprinklers,
spun ware, nonferrous metal novelties, tackle blocks, aluminum ornamental work,
aluminum stampings, and machine knives (except metalworking) and includes establishments primarily engaged in making caulking guns, toilet seats, brooders, cast
aluminum cooking ware, and hair clippers. In 1939, value added b y manufacture on a
basis comparable with 1937 was $1,340 million.
2 Includes electrical machinery.
678
536
654
2,101
939
783
718
658
631
3 For 1937, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of thermostats
and gauges, heat treating of steel, machine knives, and tackle blocks, and excludes
establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of vacuum cleaners, turbo-generators
and water-wheel generator sets, hair clippers for animal use, brooders, nonferrous
bearings, certain industrial furnaces and ovens, time-stamps and time-recording
machines, dictating machines, certain valves and fittings (except plumbers'), and
caulking guns. I n 1939, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with
1937 was $1,990 million.
SUMMARY DATA BY MAJOR GROUPS
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
Industry
group and
year
P 58-67
Total
All employees
With 20
employees
58
Number
Production workers
Value
added b y
manufacture
Number
Payroll
Number
Man-hours
Wages
60
61
62
63
64
Mil. dol.
1,000
Millions
Mil. dol.
Number
Capital
expenditures,
new
66
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES
197019691968.
1967.
1966.
1,832
1,918
1,883
1,875
1,811
14,827
14,830
13,808
12,968
11,988
1,237
1,324
1,304
1,324
1,319
2,417
2,619
2,597
2,611
2,642
8,321
8,446
7,986
7,607
7,259
27,774
28,211
26,425
24,487
23,482
1,520
1,641
1,478
1,537
1,388
10,706
5,572
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962 _
1961.
9,948
4,722
1,605
1,484
1,512
1,523
1,432
10,450
9,407
9,284
9,083
8,207
1,139
1,030
1,049
1,046
970
2,313
2,070
2,091
2,121
1,951
6,232
5,569
5,406
5,318
4,681
20,162
17,765
17,011
16,416
14,433
1,046
761
702
653
639
I960..
1959-_
1958
1957..
1956--
3,797
1,377
1,274
1,141
1,084
1,080
7,515
6,752
5,755
6,133
4,903
962
927
817
795
817
1,932
1,855
1,606
1,565
1,618
4,466
4,196
3,558
3,292
3,261
13,484
8,086
637
554
468
524
475
5,758
2,837
1,001
959
1,096
957
877
4,314
3,951
4,425
3,750
3,193
759
722
851
741
692
1,621
1,422
1,703
1,521
1,396
2,896
2,646
3,078
2,629
2,278
8,002
7,300
7,876
6,873
5,753
766
663
796
2,533
2,145
2,258
610
1,221
1,026
1,278
1,800
1,460
1,637
323
408
4,815
3,902
3,860
941
241
145
240
474
356
686
404
763
1,389
1,049
1955.
1954.
19531952_
1951-
4,421
4,294
12,826
10,624
9,620
9,112
335
341
406
296
1950..
1949..
1947«.
1939«_
1937..
4,019
374
559
1935 s.
1933..
1931..
1929.1927 «_
1,589
1,365
1,596
1,861
1,837
275
202
348
421
322
650
509
224
164
217
343
256
1925-_
1923_.
1921..
1919..
1914..
1,807
1,782
1,487
1,570
1,048
309
332
240
305
156
463
474
339
379
118
251
255
179
241
128
338
330
216
272
80
940
806
547
672
1909
1904..
1899..
1,027
798
592
111
75
49
73
45
26
93
64
43
52
34
121
21
80
44
1,689
1,920
1,888
1,834
1,830
16,073
17,651
16,811
15,174
14,852
1,201
2,393
2,823
2,893
2,746
2.844
10,230
11,455
11,135
9,918
9,858
29,990
34,053
32,866
28,174
28,277
1,612
1,943
1,599
13,273
11,887
11,406
11,334
10,113
1,241
1,108
1,129
1,056
2,640
2,370
2,356
2,367
2,157
8,813
7,772
7,389
7,169
6,313
26,331
22,734
21,854
20,872
17,433
1,506
1,177
981
856
720
3,970
1,979
1,597
212
506
635
248
306
195
187
225
1,102
201
TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT
19701969.
1968.
1967_
1966_
7,483
3,354
1,398
1,377
1,337
1,355
1,822
1,880
19651964.
19631962.
1961.
7,180
2,852
1,684
1,563
1,551
1,601
1,506
1960-.
1959._
1958 8_
1957.1956-_
6,634
2,674
1,593
1,615
1,562
1,901
1,793
10,360
10,254
9,186
10,491
9,707
1,161
1,172
1,139
1,402
1,358
2,393
2,454
2,275
2.845
2,793
6.842
6,696
6,037
7,178
6,743
18,369
18,084
15,315
18,492
16,633
731
723
630
723
1,142
5,349
2,318
1,813
1,706
1,912
1,650
1,469
9,407
8,300
8,987
7,423
6,067
1,418
1,328
1,530
1,317
1,200
2,959
2,711
3,155
2,750
2,448
6.843
6,006
6,731
5,585
4,672
17,071
13,428
14,534
12,042
9,789
1,437
925
710
1,218
1,140
1,175
4,680
4,098
3,695
1,006
936
981
545
662
2,060
3,657
3,163
2,921
867
1,029
8,547
7,054
5,842
1,773
1,987
343
264
353
195519541953.
19521951.
1950._
1949-_
1947._
1939-_
1937
3,393
2,780
3,703
2,012
1,958
Beginning 1958, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
household refrigerators and home and farm freezers; household laundry equipment and
sewing machines; water heaters, except electric; and other household appliances.
Excludes those primarily engaged in manufacture of hearing aids; high frequency,
induction, and dielectric heating apparatus; commercial food warming equipment;
industrial electric heating units and devices; and insulated wire and cable m a d e from
2 Included with machinery, except electrical.
purchased wire.
:> Beginning
1947, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
electric (dry) shavers.
4 Beginning
1939, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
vacuum cleaners, turbo-generators and water-wheel generator sets, dictating machines
and electric industrial furnaces and ovens. I n 1939, value added b y manufacture
on a basis comparable with prior years was $1,000 million.
1
1,120
1,873
1,961
600
s Beginning
1935, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
certain types of beauty and barber shop equipment.
6 Beginning
1927, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
certain types of mechanical refrigerators.
7 Beginning
1909, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
signs and advertising novelties.
8 Beginning
1958, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
truck and bus bearings, convertible tops for automobiles, rebuilt automotive parts, and
aircraft and related engine and power take-off gears and excludes those primarily
engaged in manufacture of parachuteB.
» For 1937, includes railroad repair shops. I n 1939, value added b y manufacture
on a basis comparable with 1937 was $1,794 million.
679
P 58-67
MANUFACTURES
Series P 58-67.
General Statistics for Manufacturing Industries, by Major Groups: 1899 to 1970—Con.
Establishments
Industry
group and
year
Total
Production workers
All employees
W i t h 20
employees
Payroll
Number
59
Number
Number
1,000
Number
Man-hours
62
63
Mil. dol.
Millions
Wages
Mil. dol.
Value
added by
manufacture
Capital
expenditures,
65
66
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
INSTRUMENTS AND
RELATED PRODUCTS
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
4,453
19651964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
3,949
I960..
1959.1958 i .
1957..
1956..
3,518
1955-1954 s.
1953.1952-1951._
2.509
262
271
266
266
249
1,343
329
308
306
308
316
2,228
2,014
1,913
1,871
1,908
226
209
208
206
208
452
421
417
416
415
1,275
1,149
1,101
1,051
1,037
5,002
4,314
3,992
3,690
3,574
232
192
192
178
179
1,189
326
311
286
307
297
1,908
1,783
1.510
1,571
1,458
217
214
197
211
211
437
432
390
428
426
1,067
1,033
898
947
897
3,641
3,410
2,781
2,872
2,690
162
145
115
146
145
283
273
286
279
253
1,295
1,200
1,233
1,179
202
196
406
391
434
420
390
814
760
824
779
671
2,367
2,131
2,169
1,995
1,608
106
94
90
226
205
245
813
683
706
342
306
390
532
447
502
108
113
1,389
1,123
1,141
333
298
64
58
56
84
108
60
82
79
74
46
66
108
103
200
142
201
301
274
1,614
984
1950.1949..
1947 2.
1939»_
1937 <_
2,697
1935 5.
1933..
1931-.
1929 «_
1927
1,000
830
1,029
1,109
1,108
1925 8.
1923..
1921..
1919..
1914 9_
1909..
1904..
1899..
2,605
1,292
1,026
405
413
400
394
362
3,358
3,272
3,002
2,822
1,001
212
205
190
169
156
194
85
84
502
535
525
530
494
1,746
1,757
1,625
1,569
1,426
7,905
7,676
7,174
6,418
5,833
436
388
397
392
307
50
85
"98"
149
1,286
1,593
1,592
2,037
1,572
109
71
124
127
109
125
50
73
77
67
91
60
91
92
78
93
36
263
245
189
236
98
1,239
1,027
1,101
46
35
26
18
51
42
32
28
21
15
73
46
32
429
449
431
423
418
2,685
2,665
2,461
2,291
2,150
337
363
349
344
340
643
690
669
662
666
1,752
1,796
1,667
1,553
1,463
5,433
5,296
4,951
4,599
4,338
253
240
209
214
181
416
394
391
378
375
2,042
1,924
1,812
1,705
1,608
340
315
315
305
303
661
631
613
597
585
1,393
1,314
1,254
1,163
1,097
4,092
3,763
3,562
3,330
3,082
166
137
131
130
113
374
376
365
495
506
1,655
1,556
1,467
588
591
559
776
814
1,091
1,084
1,034
1,313
1,324
3,003
2,888
2,678
3,327
3,305
111
1,861
301
305
291
403
417
489
467
844
682
519
1,734
1,625
3,232
2,375
1,711
404
385
686
564
432
783
748
1,368
862
1,225
1,149
2,366
1,731
1,233
3,042
2,746
5,272
3,984
2,842
488
447
463
1,452
1,263
1,205
404
370
396
800
728
811
1,055
917
918
2,534
2,109
2,066
MISCELLANEOUS
MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
1970.
1969.
196819671966-
14,072
3,845
1965_
1964.
1963_
19621961-
14,723
3,618
19601959.
1958 i
1957.
1956.
13,797
1955 i
1954_
1953_
1952_
1951_
195019491947_
16,517
14,572
15,057
1,886
1 Beginning
1958, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
laboratory precision balances, laboratory furniture, revolution counters, operating room
and other hospital furniture, surgical corsets, and hearing aids and excludes those
pi imarily engaged in manufacture of sanitary napkins and tampons.
2 For 1947 and 1 9 5 4 - 1 9 7 0 , includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture
of automatic temperature controls.
3 Beginning
1939, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
thermostats and gauges and excludes those primarily engaged in manufacture of timerecording stamps and machines. In 1939, value added on a basis comparable with
prior years was $314 million.
4 Beginning
1937, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
certain mechanical measuring instruments. I n 1937, value added by manufacture on a
basis comparable with prior years was $295 million.
5 Beginning
1935, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
certain dental equipment and supplies (chairs, cabinets, and electrical devices).
680
1,102
111
124
122
158
117
115
205
155
77
107
6 Beginning 1929, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
gas machines. I n 1929, value added by manufacture on a basis comparable with prior
7 Beginning 1927, excludes dental laboratories operating
years was $306 million.
on a custom basis. In 1927, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable with
prior years was $280 million.
8 Beginning 1925, excludes establishments primarily engaged in grinding lenses for
spectacles and eyeglasses to individual prescription.
9 Beginning 1914, includes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
motion-picture machines. In 1914, value added b y manufacture on a basis comparable
10 Includes ordnance.
with prior years was $96 million.
11 Beginning 1958, excludes establishments primarily engaged in manufacture of
plastics products not elsewhere classified, cork products, soda-fountain and bar equipment, and jewelry, instrument, and musical instrument cases and includes those primarily engaged in manufacture of linoleum and other hard surface floor covering, n.e.c.
12 Prior to 1955, includes ordnance and accessories.
POWER EQUIPMENT AND SHIPMENTS
Series P 68-73.
P 68-92
Horsepower of Power Equipment in Manufacturing Industries: 1869 to 1962
[In thousands]
Electric motors
Electric motors
Aggregate
Year
Prime
movers
68
1962
1954 *
1939
1929
Total
Driven by
purchased
energy
70
71
69
Aggregate
Driven by
per 100
energy
production
generated
workers
at establishment
72
126,783
91,505
44,827
33,844
105,728
72,337
28,816
21,794
21,054
19,1 6 8
16,011
12,050
i1,249
958
652
491
37,126
34,359
28,397
21,565
18,902
19,243
19,432
17, 858
29,153
25,092
15,612
8,392
18,224
15,116
8,965
3,707
10,929
9,976
6,647
4,684
473
437
333
326
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
i Figure comparable with 1954, based on 1954 industry coverage (see text), is 1,365.
Figures for earlier censuses are comparable with 1962, except as noted in text.
Series P 74-92.
1909
1904
1899
18,062
13,033
9,811
16,393
12,605
9,633
1899
1889 2
1879 2 __
1869 2
10,988
10,805
5,939
3,410
2,346"
71
72
4,582
1,517
475
1,669
428
178
2,913
1,089
297
288
252
218
494
15
183
311
207
140
125
114
Nondurable
goods
industries
73
Includes hand trades and neighborhood industries.
2
As of December 31, except shipments are for calendar year]
New orders
Ratios of inventories
to sales
74
70
Inventories
Shipments
Durable
goods
industries
Total
Value of Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders: 1947 to 1970
[In billions of dollars, except ratios.
Total
Aggregate
Driven by
per 100
energy
production
generated
workers
at establishment
Driven by
purchased
energy
69
68
45,770
35,763
21,077
19,328
1914
Prime
movers
Year
73
151,498
108,100
49,893
41,122
1925
Aggregate
Total
77
Durable
goods
industries
78
Non durable
goods
industries
80
Total
Durable
goods
industries
Nondurable
goods
industries
87
88
89
Total
Durable
goods
industries
Nondurable
goods
industries
90
91
92
Durable
goods
Nondurable
goods
Total
Materials
and
supplies
Work
in
process
Fin
ished
goods
81
82
83
84
85
86
101 4
96 6
90 5
84 4
77.7
32.7
31.8
30.0
28.5
27.0
35
33
32
29
25
2
9
0
1
9
33
30
28
26
24
6
9
4
8
8
620
643
606
561
550
0
7
1
2
9
325
354
335
306
308
9
6
0
3
3
294
289
271
254
242
0
2
0
9
7
73
84
85
83
79
8
5
4
9
8
70
81
82
80
76
8
6
4
9
7
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
75
76
7
7
4
4
4
336.7
353.5
332.3
302.5
295.6
294.0
289.2
271.1
254.8
242.8
101
96
90
84
77
4
6
5
4
7
66
62
58
54
49
4
9
7
6
5
34
33
31
29
28
9
8
8
8
2
1.90
1 76
1 76
1 77
1 73
2 33
2 08
2 11
2 10
2.01
1
1
1
1
1
40
36
34
37
39
492 0
448 0
420 4
397 4
371.0
267.0
236.0
219.0
205.2
187.0
225.5
212.4
201.4
192.1
184.2
68
63
60
58
55
0
0
0
0
0
42 0
38 0
36.0
34 3
32 2
26
25
24
24
23
0
0
3
0
0
1 66
1 69
1 71
1.75
1 77
1
1
1
1
2
89
94
95
97
08
1
1
1
1
1
39
42
45
46
47
68
63
60
58
55
0
0
0
0
0
24.1
22.4
21.3
21.0
20.1
22
19
18
17
16
0
5
1
1
0
22 3
21 3
20.4
20 0
19 0
502
455
424
396
373
0
4
0
1
0
276
243
222
204
188
0
1
3
3
4
226
212
202
191
184
0
3
0
8
4
67 2
58 0
50.2
47 0
48 0
64
55
47
44
45
0
0
3
0
0
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
370
363
327
345
333
0
0
4
0
0
190.0
187.0
163.0
183.0
177.0
180.0
176.1
164.5
162.0
156.3
54
52
50
52
51
0
5
0
0
0
32
31
30
32
30
0
5
0
0
4
22.0
21 0
20 1
20 3
20 3
1
1
1
1
1
74
74
83
81
83
2
2
2
2
2
02
02
20
07
07
1.44
1 43
1 47
1 50
1 56
54
52
50
52
51
0
5
0
0
0
20.0
20.0
19.0
20.0
20.0
15
16
15
16
15
5
0
0
0
0
18
17
16
17
16
3
0
1
0
0
361
368
323
330
341
4
1
0
2
0
183
191
158
169
185
0
4
0
0
0
179
177
165
161
156
0
0
0
3
0
46
54
49
53
67
0
1
0
3
5
43
50
46
50
64
2
4
0
5
1
3.0
4.0
3.1
2.8
3.4
318
280
298
271
260
0
2
0
0
4
169.0
142.0
160.0
136.1
126.0
149.0
138.3
138.0
135.0
135.0
45
42
44
42
39
2
0
2
0
2
26
24
26
24
21
4
0
0
0
1
19
18
18
18
18
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
71
80
79
84
80
1
2
1
2
2
88
01
95
11
01
1
1
1
1
1
51
57
59
57
60
45
42
44
42
39
2
0
2
0
2
18.2
16.5
17.8
17.0
16.0
13 2
12 1
13 1
12.3
11 0
14
13
13
12
12
0
3
4
6
4
329
267
282
278
287
1
8
4
4
0
179
129
145
145
154
4
0
3
0
1
150
139
137
134
133
0
0
1
0
0
60
48
60
75
67
0
2
3
e
0
56
45
58
72
63
4
2
0
3
1
4.0
3.0
2.5
3.2
4.0
223
193
217
186
4
1
3
0
106.0
86.0
100.0
80.2
117.4
107.1
117.2
106.0
32
26
29
26
0
5
0
1
16
13
15
13
0
1
0
1
16
13
14
13
0
4
1
0
1
1
1
1
70
65
59
69
1 77
1 83
1 77
1.96
1
1
1
1
62
50
44
47
32
26
29
26
0
5
0
1
13.1
10.3
9 0
6 8
241.3
187 4
212 3
183 1
122
80
98
77
0
0
0
0
119
108
115
106
3
0
0
4
41
24
31
34
2
0
0
3
35.2
20 0
26 5
28 4
6.0
4.4
4.1
6.0
630
642
603
557
538
79
Inventories by stages
of fabrication
All manufacturing
Total
Unfilled orders
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1
10 0
9 4
Ratios of average inventories to average monthly sales.
681
P 93-122
MANUFACTURES
Series P 93-106.
Manufacturing Corporations—Sales, Profits, and Stockholders' Equity: 1947 to 1970
[In billions of dollars]
All manufacturing corporations
Durable goods industries
N e t profits
Sales
(net)
Year
N e t profits
Before
Federal
income
taxes
After
Federal
income
taxes
94
95
93
Nondurable goods industries
Stockholders'
equity 1
Cash
dividends
Retained
earnings
Sales
(net)
96
97
98
99
N e t profits
Before
Federal
income
taxes
After
Federal
mcome
taxes
100
101
Stockholders'
equity 1
Sales
(net)
102
103
Before
Federal
income
taxes
After
Federal
income
taxes
104
105
Stockholders'
equity 1
106
1970
1969 2
1968
19671966
708.8
694.6
631.9
675.4
654.2
48.1
58.1
56.4
47.8
51.8
28.6
33.2
32.1
29.0
30.9
306.8
289.9
265.9
247.6
230.3
16.1
15.1
14.2
13.3
13.0
13.6
18.2
17.9
15.7
18.0
363.1
366.5
335.6
300.6
291.7
23.0
31.5
30.6
25.7
29.2
12.9
16.9
16.6
14.6
16.4
155.1
147.6
135.6
125.0
116.2
345.7
328.1
296.4
274.8
262.4
25.2
26.6
24.8
22.0
22.6
16.7
16.4
16.6
14.4
14.6
151.7
142.3
130.3
122.6
115.1
1965
1964
1968
1962
1961
492.2
443.1
412.7
389.9
356.4
46.5
39.6
34.9
31.9
27.6
27.6
23.2
19.5
• 17.7
15.3
211.7
199.8
189.7
181.4
172.6
12.0
10.8
9.9
9.3
8.6
15.5
12.4
9.6
8.4
6.8
257.0
226.3
209.0
195.5
175.2
26.2
21.2
18.5
16.7
13.6
14.6
11.6
9.5
8.6
6.9
105.4
98.5
93.3
89.1
84.9
235.2
216.8
203.6
194.4
181.2
20.3
18.3
16.4
15.1
13.9
13.0
11.6
10.0
9.2
8.5
106.3
101.3
96.3
92.3
87.7
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
345.7
338.0
306.3
320.0
307.3
27.5
29.7
22.7
28.2
29.8
15.2
16.3
12.7
15.4
16.2
165.4
157.1
147.4
141.1
131.6
8.3
7.9
7.4
7.6
7.4
6.9
8.4
6.3
7.9
8.8
173.9
169.4
148.6
166.0
159.5
14.0
16.8
11.4
15.8
16.5
7.0
8.1
5.8
7.9
8.3
82.3
77.9
72.8
70.5
65.2
171.8
168.6
156.7
154.1
147.8
13.5
13.9
11.3
12.4
13.2
8.2
8.3
6.9
7.5
7.8
83.1
79.2
74.6
70.6
66.4
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
278.4
248.5
265.9
250.2
245.0
28.6
20.9
24.4
22.9
27.4
15.1
11.2
11.3
10.7
11.9
120.1
113.1
108.2
103.7
98.3
6.8
5.9
5.6
6.5
5.5
8.3
5.3
5.7
6.2
6.3
142.1
122.8
137.9
122.0
116.8
16.5
11.4
14.0
12.9
15.4
8.1
6.6
5.8
5.5
6.1
58.8
54.9
52.4
49.8
47.2
136.3
125.7
128.0
128.0
128.1
12.1
9.6
10.4
10.0
12.1
7.0
5.6
5.5
6.2
5.7
61.3
58.2
65.7
53.9
51.1
1960
1949
1948
1947
181.9
154.9
165.6
150.7
23.2
14.4
18.4
16.6
12.9
9.0
11.6
10.1
83.3
77.6
72.2
65.1
5.7
4.5
4.3
3.7
7.2
4.5
7.2
6.4
86.8
70.3
76.3
66.6
12.9
7.6
8.9
7.6
6.7
4.5
5.4
4.5
39.9
37.0
34.1
31.1
95.1
84.6
90.4
84.1
10.3
7.0
9.5
9.0
6.1
4.6
6.2
6.6
43.5
40.6
38.1
34.0
1
Annual data are average equity for the year (using four end-of-quarter
Series P 107-122.
figures).
1
Beginning 1969, includes newspapers.
Capital in Manufacturing Industries: 1863 to 1970
[In billions of dollars]
Depreciation on structures and equipment
Purchases of structures and equipment
In current dollars
In current dollars
In 1958 dollars
Real net value of assets in
1958 dollars
In 1958 dollars
Govern-
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
Structures
and
equipment
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Year
Structures
Equipment
owned,
privately
operated 1
121
122
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
22.4
22.6
20.9
21.7
20.4
5.7
5.8
5.3
5.7
5.2
16.6
16.7
15.6
16.0
15.2
17.0
18.1
17.6
18.7
18.2
3.8
4.2
4.2
4.7
4.4
13.3
14.0
13.4
14.0
13.7
18.2
16.4
14.9
13.6
12.4
4.8
4.3
3.8
3.6
3.3
13.3
12.1
11.0
10.1
9.0
13.7
13.1
12.4
11.7
11.0
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
10.6
10.0
9.4
8.8
8.2
101.5
99.2
95.2
91.3
85.4
38.8
38.2
37.1
36.0
34.3
62.7
61.0
58.1
55.3
51.1
5.2
5.8
6.2
6.4
6.4
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961...
16.7
13.4
11.6
10.6
9.9
4.2
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.7
12.6
10.2
8.5
7.9
7.2
15.4
12.6
11.0
10.2
9.6
3.7
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.7
11.7
9.7
8.2
7.6
7.0
11.3
10.6
10.2
9.9
9.6
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.7
8.2
7.7
7.3
7.2
7.0
10.3
9.9
9.6
9.4
9.3
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
7.6
7.3
7.0
6.8
6.7
79.0
74.5
72.2
71.2
70.7
32.7
31.8
31.6
31.4
31.5
46.2
42.7
40.7
39.8
39.3
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.8
7.1
1960*
1959
1958
1957
1966
10.3
9.0
9.7
12.3
11.4
2.8
2.6
3.3
3.9
3.5
7.4
6.6
6.6
8.4
7.9
10.0
8.8
9.7
12.5
12.3
2.8
2.4
3.3
3.9
3.7
7.2
6.4
6.5
8.6
8.6
9.4
9.1
8.8
8.3
7.4
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.2
6.8
6.6
6.3
5.9
5.2
9.1
8.9
8.8
8.5
8.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
6.6
6.4
6.3
6.1
6.7
70.6
70.1
70.9
70.8
67.8
31.3
31.2
31.4
30.9
29.7
39.3
39.0
39.5
39.9
38.1
7.4
8.0
8.7
9.4
10.0
'8.6
8.5
8.4
8.0
8.0
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
6.2
6.0
5.8
5.5
6.4
10.0
10.1
10.0
9.8
9.9
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.1
7.1
7.2
7.1
6.8
6.8
6.6
6.1
5.8
6.4
5.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
4.6
4.2
3.9
3.5
3.2
7.7
7.4
7.0
6.7
6.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
5.4
5.1
4.8
4.5
4.1
64.5
62.8
61.0
58.9
66.8
28.7
28.1
27.8
27.3
26.8
35.8
34.7
33.2
31.6
30.0
10.3
10.1
9.3
8.7
8.7
5.6
5.6
6.8
6.7
5.2
1.5
1.7
2.2
2.4
2.4
4.0
3.9
4.6
4.3
2.8
7.5
7.8
9.9
10.6
9.5
2.1
2.4
3.0
3.6
4.4
5.5
5.4
6.8
6.9
5.1
4.3
3.9
3.6
3.0
2.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.1
2.7
2.4
2.0
1.6
1.3
6.0
5.7
5.3
4.8
4.4
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
3.8
3.5
3.2
2.8
2.4
63.9
52.8
50.9
45.9
38.7
26.0
25.9
25.2
23.2
20.6
27.9
26.9
25.8
22.6
18.1
8.8
9.7
11.4
14.3
18.0
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
"
See footnotes at end of table.
682
CAPITAL
Series P 107-122.
P 107-122
Capital in Manufacturing Industries: 1863 to 1970—Con.
[In billions of dollars]
Depreciation on structures and equipment
Purchases of structures and equipment
In current dollars
In 1958 dollars
In current dollars
Real net value of assets in
1958 dollars
In 1958 dollars
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
Structures
and
equipment
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
Year
GovemStructures
Equipment
owned.
privately
operated 1
120
121
122
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
2.6
0.8
.3
.2
.5
1.1
2.1
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.6
5.5
3.2
2.5
3.3
6.0
1.7
.6
.4
1.1
2.9
3.7
2.6
2.1
2.2
3.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
31.7
29.9
30.5
31.9
32.7
16.6
16.3
17.4
18.8
19.5
15.1
13.6
13.1
13.2
13.2
22.8
23.5
22.2
16.0
5.0
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
1.9
1.3
1.1
1.8
1.3
.7
.4
.4
.7
.4
1.3
.9
.8
1.1
.9
4.7
3.5
2.9
4.7
3.7
2.0
1.4
1.1
2.1
1.4
2.8
2.1
1.8
2.6
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.4
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.9
.8
.9
.8
.8
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
30.7
29.8
30.1
31.0
30.1
18.5
18.3
18.7
19.4
19.2
12.2
11.5
11.4
11.6
10.9
1.0
.9
.8
.6
.4
.9
.2
.3
.3
.1
.3
.6
.5
.3
.3
.6
2.6
2.3
2.2
1.4
2.8
.9
1.1
1.1
.5
1.3
1.7
1.2
1.0
.9
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
.7
.7
.8
.7
.8
.8
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.2
30.2
31.4
33.0
34.9
37.8
19.7
20.7
21.7
22.7
24.4
10.5
10.7
11.3
12.2
13.4
1.7
2.7
2.3
2.1
2.2
1.8
.8
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.1
.8
.9
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.0
4.8
7.3
6.3
5.7
6.0
4.8
2.7
4.4
3.7
3.2
3.3
2.3
2.1
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
.8
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.9
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.0
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.9
39.6
39.6
37.2
35.5
34.4
32.7
25.5
25.3
23.3
22.0
21.1
20.0
14.1
14.3
13.9
13.5
13.3
12.8
1935--..
1934
1933
1932
1931
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
Purchases of structures and equipment
-
—
—
-
_
-
—
—
In 1958 dollars
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
Total
Structures
Equipment
107
108
109
110
111
112
107
108
109
110
111
112
1.6
1.8
1.4
1.4
0.7
.9
.7
.8
0.9
1.0
.7
.6
4.2
4.9
4.2
3.9
2.1
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.1
2.4
1.8
1.4
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
2.4
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.0
1.4
.7
.5
.5
.4
1.1
.9
.9
.7
.6
5.4
3.9
3.6
4.1
4.0
3.1
2.0
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.0
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
.6
.6
.9
.9
.7
.3
.3
.5
.5
.4
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
3.1
3.4
4.6
4.6
3.9
1.7
2.1
2.9
3.1
2.6
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.3
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
.7
.7
.5
.7
.7
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
4.1
3.7
3.2
3.7
3.6
2.5
2.4
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.7
1.7
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
.5
.5
.6
.6
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
3.0
2.7
3.7
3.5
2.6
1.6
1.6
2.2
2.3
1.5
1.4
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.1
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
.4
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.7
3.1
1.3
1.3
1.4
2.1
2.1
1.1
.8
.7
.7
1.0
1895
1894_
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
2.5
2.0
1.6
1.4
.8
.6
-
In current dollars
Year
1924
1923
1922
1921
c
_
Purchases of structures and equipment
In 1958 dollars
In current dollars
Year
-
Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Represents zero.
Z Less than $50 million.
1893
1892
1891
0.3
.3
.3
0.2
.2
.2
0.1
.1
.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.5
1.5
1.4
0.7
.8
.7
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
2.0
1.6
1.1
1.0
.7
1.3
1.0
.6
.5
.5
.6
.6
.6
.4
.3
1885
1884
1883
1882
1881
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.7
.9
.8
.9
.8
.5
.6
.5
.5
.5
.2
.3
.3
.4
.4
1880...
1879
1878
1877
1876
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
(Z)
(Z)
1.1
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
.2
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.4
.3
.3
.1
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
.4
.3
.2
.2
.1
.4
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
1875
1874
1873
1872
1871
(Z)
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
1865
1864
1863
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
L
.1
.1
(Z)
(z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
—
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
.1
.1
.1
.1
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
Includes both structures and equipment, all agencies.
683
P 123-176
MANUFACTURES
Series P 123-176.
Capital in Manufacturing Industries, in Book Value and in 1929 Dollars (Creamer): 1879 to 1957
[In millions of dollars]
Industry
1957
1953 >*>
1948 i *
1937 i
1929 i
1919 «
1914 »
1909 <
1904 «
11,588
1899 <
1899 «
1889
5
1879 »
BOOK VALUE
214,613
166,224
113,617
50,166
59,072
40,289
20,784
16,937
8,168
8,663
5,697
97,210
117,403
70,605
95,619
45,891
67,726
23,282
26,884
27,410
31,662
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
5,596
5,992
(NA)
(NA)
4,223
4,440
2,646
3,051
Food and kindred products..
Bakery and confectionery
Canned products
Mill products
Packinghouse products
Sugar
Liquor and beverages
Tobacco products
Other food products
22,495
19,921
4,282
3,044
3,900
16,071
1,757
1,681
1,060
1,975
780
3,158
2,330
3,302
8,069
1,131
820
496
1,114
599
1,871
961
1,577
8,881
1,568
853
471
1,385
1,053
692
1,150
1,709
6,272
911
378
802
1,185
473
782
605
1,136
3,668
426
172
380
537
316
1,016
304
517
2,935
295
119
349
378
283
873
246
392
2,230
173
90
265
238
221
660
324
259
1,576
114
59
189
189
204
516
112
193
1,647
123
59
219
189
204
534
124
195
925
72
25
208
117
24
310
96
73
498
28
9
177
49
28
136
40
32
Textiles and textile products
Cotton goods
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
Carpets, floorcovering, tapestries, etc.
Knit £oods
Clothing
—
Textiles, n.e.c.6
12,417
12,077
10,397
3,693
4,049
3,924
483
929
3,018
2,253
4,770
866
441
415
199
433
1,036
1,380
7,687
1,603
869
601
262
709
1,758
1,887
6,205
2,145
533
868
179
516
1,447
517
2,881
1,039
210
403
112
216
633
268
2,550
936
152
429
97
164
568
204
1,783
702
110
313
69
107
345
137
1,366
528
81
264
53
82
257
101
1,494
528
81
264
53
82
350
136
1,119
392
51
203
43
51
292
87
602
246
19
117
25
16
114
65
Leather products. _
Boots and shoes
Other leather products-
1,542
1,394
1,303
710
592
751
410
341
1,167
625
542
1,523
581
942
743
255
488
659
197
462
452
123
329
335
100
235
369
102
267
274
95
179
157
43
114
Rubber products- .
Tires and tubes
Other rubber products _
3,369
2,614
1,791
1,383
361
795
586
209
1,088
918
170
960
635
325
268
130
138
162
99
78
78
37
9
Forest products
Sawmill and planing mill productsOther wood products
8,226
6,347
4,820
3,000
1,805
2,405
1,562
843
3,842
2,660
1,182
2,726
1,730
996
1,932
1,193
739
1,767
1,122
645
1,174
694
480
872
520
352
1,110
731
379
825
518
307
361
219
142
Paper, pulp, and products
8,161
5,499
3,692
1,942
2,060
1,195
689
523
354
218
219
115
58
6,632
5,202
3,984
2,320
2,622
1,189
745
611
450
342
342
234
80
19,138
14,450
9,109
334
2,580
3,537
198
1,125
3,942
335
973
2,594
312
941
1,280
217
390
911
122
273
634
69
194
457
61
144
458
61
145
288
41
96
137
18
49
5,917
2,214
2,634
1,341
673
516
371
252
252
151
70
15,363
5,814
5,745
1,170
326
182
136
95
95
77
27
Total manufacturing capital.
Fixed capital
Working capital-
Printing, publishing, and allied in<
dustries
Chemicals and allied substances. - .
Fertilizers.
Chemicals proper, acids, etc
Allied chemical substances, drugs, oils,
etc
Petroleum refining
30,174
2,826
19,960
2,718
6,681
4,482
2,934
1,825
2,351
1,267
990
860
554
336
351
217
83
Iron and steel and products
Iron and steel
Metal building materials and supplies _
Hardware, tools, etc
26,572
20,212
13,609
9,521
2,309
1,177
6,383
4,394
805
1,184
6,226
4,155
756
1,315
5,671
4,456
665
549
2,836
2,147
417
273
2,411
1,845
340
225
1,544
1,185
202
156
870
657
97
116
860
657
87
117
646
469
73
104
318
258
10
49
Nonferrous metals and products
Precious metals, products and processes
Other metals, products and processes
6,516
4,288
2,655
515
2,663
2,090
247
1,843
2,194
352
1,842
1,484
315
1,169
827
196
631
705
181
524
455
126
329
360
97
263
381
97
284
187
70
117
86
29
67
29,735
24,104
14,674
4,979
5,833
4,700
2,331
1,860
1,309
924
924
557
242
10,014
8,936
4,874
1,745
815
1,120
749
413
1,514
730
430
963
367
167
390
339
95
282
256
72
183
197
41
87
158
24
86
158
24
19
145
8
2
62
6
6,962
2,697
3,169
3,203
1,607
1,250
888
655
656
385
172
23,117
12,680
17,885
9,982
8,944
6,006
927
1,114
3,294
2,504
610
180
3,264
2,575
578
111
2,326
1,816
491
18
685
426
259
390
184
206
169
29
139
173
36
137
167
30
137
73
2
71
9
9,839
7,789
4,271
1,192
2,168
1,007
583
411
245
166
168
123
51
Stone, clay, and glass products.
Machinery, excluding transportation equipment
Electrical machinery and equipment;
radios
Agricultural machinery
Office equipment, etc
Factory, household, and miscellaneous
machinery
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles
Locomotive and railroad equipmentAirplanes
Miscellaneous manufacturing.
See footnotes at end of table.
684
9
CAPITAL
Series P 123-176.
P 123-176
Capital in Manufacturing Industries, in Book Value and in 1929 Dollars (Creamer):
1879 to 1957—Con.
[In millions of dollars]
Industry
1953 is*
1948 > 2
1937
1
1929
1
1919 *
1914 i
1909 *
1904 <
1899 '
1899
5
1889 •
1879 «
4,821
1929 DOLLARS
Total manufacturing capital.
Fixed capital
Working capitalFood and kindred products.
Bakery and confectionery
Canned products
Mill products
Packinghouse products
Sugar
Liquor and beverages
Tobacco products
Other food products
Textiles and textile products
Cotton goods
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
Carpets, floorcovering, tapestries, etc_
Knit goods
Clothing
Textiles, n.e.c.6
110,455
97,843
78,067
55,319
63,022
46,094
36,737
31,563
23,295
17,452
18,626
11,157
51,061
59,394
43,862
53,981
36,639
41,428
25,851
29,468
30,853
32,169
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
12,316
10,979
(NA)
(NA)
9,651
8,975
5,553
6,336
13,361
12,878
3,092
1,948
3,233
1,907
10,488
1,146
1,097
691
1,288
509
2,061
1,520
2,154
9,180
1,287
933
564
1,267
681
1,560
1,093
1,794
9,591
1,693
921
509
1,496
1,137
747
1,242
1,846
7,593
1,103
458
971
1,435
573
947
732
1,375
6,515
757
306
675
954
561
1,805
540
918
5,517
555
224
656
711
532
1,641
462
737
4,656
361
188
553
497
461
1,378
676
541
3,598
256
135
432
432
466
1,178
256
441
3,760
281
135
500
432
466
1,219
283
445
1,839
143
50
414
233
48
616
191
145
897
50
16
319
88
50
243
72
58
7,758
7,846
6,892
2,447
2,657
2,638
320
616
2,001
1,493
5,638
1,024
521
491
235
512
1,225
1,631
8,195
1,709
926
641
279
756
1,874
2,012
6,752
2,334
580
945
195
561
1,575
563
5,163
1,862
376
722
201
387
1,134
480
4,636
1,702
276
780
176
298
1,033
371
3,482
1,371
215
611
135
209
674
268
2,876
1,112
171
556
112
173
541
213
3,145
1,112
171
556
112
173
737
286
2,024
709
92
367
78
92
528
157
998
408
32
194
41
27
189
108
817
445
371
808
441
367
1,213
650
563
1,411
538
873
1,351
464
887
1,359
406
953
1,066
290
776
809
242
568
891
246
645
640
222
418
328
90
238
Leather products. _
Boots and shoes
Other leather products.
940
Rubber products. _
Tires and tubes
Other rubber products.
1,842
1,660
1,422
1,098
287
816
602
215
1,131
954
177
704
466
238
265
129
136
139
93
74
74
36
10
Forest products
Sawmill and planing mill productsOther wood products
3,634
3,252
2,934
1,826
1,099
2,548
1,655
893
4,083
2,827
1,256
3,155
2,002
1,153
3,475
2,146
1,329
3,591
2,280
1,311
2,662
1,574
1,088
2,253
1,344
910
2,868
1,889
979
1,950
1,225
726
847
514
333
Paper, pulp, and products
4,039
3,086
2,476
2,062
2,239
1,524
1,246
1,002
670
453
455
200
90
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
Chemicals and allied substances...
Fertilizers
Chemicals proper, acids, etc
Allied chemical substances, drugs, oils,
etc
Petroleum refining
Stone, clay, and glass products
Iron and steel and products
Iron and steel
Metal building materials and suppliesHardware, tools, etc
Nonferrous metals and products
Precious metals, products and processesOther metals, products and processes
Machinery, excluding transportation equipment
Electrical machinery and equipment;
radios
Agricultural machinery
Office equipment, etc
Factory, household, and miscellaneous
machinery
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles
Locomotive and railroad equipmentAirplanes
Miscellaneous manufacturing_
2,832
2,622
2,571
2,505
2,737
1,556
1,444
1,265
939
801
801
466
144
10,564
8,845
6,487
237
1,830
3,965
222
1,261
4,221
359
1,042
2,777
334
1,007
2,078
352
633
1,531
205
459
1,134
123
347
869
116
274
871
116
276
478
68
159
206
27
74
4,196
2,482
2,820
1,436
1,093
867
664
479
479
251
105
16,134
12,455
11,188
6,503
6,092
1,380
552
327
254
195
195
151
37
3,375
2,631
2,128
1,975
2,592
1,676
1,937
1,755
1,138
709
741
408
156
13,090
11,701
9,649
6,598
1,600
816
6,719
4,625
847
1,246
6,666
4,449
809
1,408
6,735
5,292
790
652
5,166
3,911
760
497
4,305
3,295
607
402
2,886
2,215
378
292
1,599
1,208
178
213
1,581
1,208
160
215
1,143
830
129
184
472
383
15
73
3,229
2,508
1,837
379
1,960
2,338
276
2,062
2,364
379
1,985
1,808
384
1,424
1,365
323
1,041
1,203
309
894
804
223
581
610
164
446
646
164
481
276
103
173
116
39
77
14,388
13,773
10,352
5,286
6,166
5,595
4,293
3,654
2,710
1,917
1,917
1,160
414
5,099
5,517
3,438
1,226
573
1,189
795
438
1,600
772
455
1,146
437
199
718
624
175
554
503
141
379
408
85
180
328
50
178
328
50
40
302
17
3
106
10
4,892
2,863
3,339
3,813
2,775
2,456
1,839
1,359
1,361
802
295
10,450
6,150
9,387
5,425
6,017
4,016
618
743
3,672
2,792
680
201
3,476
2,742
616
118
2,480
1,936
523
19
991
616
375
567
267
299
333
57
274
349
73
276
337
60
276
156
4
152
17
4,819
4,378
2,809
1,304
2,256
948
896
712
468
340
344
230
89
N A Not available.
1 Covers factories having annual production of $5,000 or more.
2 Some minor groups are not adjusted for investment in emergency facilities after
"normal" depreciation or intangible assets. Therefore, sum of detail does not equal
totals.
3
4
6
6
17
Includes firms engaged in shipbuilding which were excluded in other years.
Covers factories having annual production of $500 or more.
Includes custom and neighborhood shops.
N.e.c. means not elsewhere classified.
685
P 177-196
MANUFACTURES
Series P 177-180.
Series
No.
177
178
179
180
Share of Total Value Added by Manufacture Accounted for by the 200 Largest Manufacturing
Companies: 1947 to 1970
Percent of total value added b y manufacture
Company rank group
Largest
T.argent,
Largest
Largest
1970
24
33
38
43
50 companies
100 companies
150 companies
200 companies
Series P 181-196.
1967
1966
25
33
38
42
25
33
38
42
1962
1963
25
33
37
41
1958
24
32
36
40
1954
23
30
35
38
1947
23
30
34
37
Share of Total Value Added by Manufacture Accounted For by the 50 and 100 Largest Identical
Manufacturing Companies: 1947 to 1970
Specified year and company
rank group
Percent of value added b y manufacture in each year accounted for b y the largest companies in the specified year shown in stub
1970
1966
1967
1963
1962
1958
1954
1970
Largest 60 companies
31
24
31
23
29
22
20
26
19
25
24
32
25
33
25
33
24
32
24
31
22
21
28
23
31
24
32
25
33
24
32
24
31
22
21
28
23
31
24
32
24
33
25
33
24
23
30
22
25
25
32
24
32
23
30
22
24
Largest 100 companies
29
1967
Largest 50 companies
29
Largest 100 companies
1966
Largest 50 companies
29
Largest 100 companies
1963
Largest 60 companies
Largest 100 companies
1962
23
31
29
Largest 50 companies
Largest 100 companies
22
23
31
24
31
24
24
31
23
30
23
29
21
28
23
31
23
31
24
31
23
30
23
30
23
30
19
20
21
21
21
20
27
21
29
1958
Largest 50 companies
Largest 100 companies
1954
Largest 50 companies
Largest 100 companies
1947
Largest
Largest 50
100companies
companies
686
17
23
27
30
26
27
27
28
27
27
CONCENTRATION AND LEGAL ORGANIZATION
Series P 197-204.
P 197-211
Concentration in Manufacturing, by Industry Group: 1901, 1947, and 1954
[Concentration ratio is defined as the percent of total "4-digit" SIC industry sales (or value added) made by 4 largest sellers.
Value added by 4-digit
industries with concentration ratio over 50 as
percent of value added by
all industries in a 2-digit
industry group
Industry group
(1947 and 1954
census classification)
Average concentration ratios
1947
valueadded
weights
1954
valueadded
weights
1947 employment
weights
1901 >
1947'
1947
1954 •
1947
197
198
199
200
201
Total, all industries, value-added weights.
32.9
35.3
24.0
36.9
39.1
49.9
20.3
.5
Furniture and fixtures
Pulp, paper, and products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and products
Petroleum and coal products.
71.0
1.0
24.3
46.8
Rubber products
Leather and leather products
Stone, clay, and glass products _
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products.
Miscellaneous manufactures
s 41.4
2~.1~
203
37.7
34.6
35.9
34.7
33.8
73.4
26.5
13.0
10.8
32.4
66.0
27.6
14.0
12.3
33.2
62.9
28.8
14.7
11.3
31.3
67.4
26.5
13.6
10.8
8.1
1.6
21.9
21.2
19.7
51.0
39.5
20.3
24.8
17.7
48.6
36.6
16.5
24.2
18.8
25.8
39.5
18.7
24.3
17.2
29.7
37.0
17.4
24.5
18.6
29.7
39.4
43.9
21.0
8.4
58.6
26.2
43.4
43.8
25.3
54.1
26.4
46.4
49.5
26.1
57.0
26.1
80.6
40.6
26.7
56.0
26.6
78.8
45.3
26.0
52.1
25.9
79.0
41.4
26.6
18.5
53.2
84.2
45.0
21.2
38.0
54.1
54.4
45.3
34.9
33.2
48.2
58.7
47.4
16.1
38.2
53.4
54.0
52.8
31.5
38.9
50.5
63.3
52.5
30.1
37.6
50.8
53.7
54.0
29.0
-
Represents zero.
319 (4-digit) industries. Various years 1895-1904; central date was approximately
1901 but weighting factors used were as of 1899.
2 452 (4-digit) industries.
1
Series P 205-211.
1947
34.9
76.2
24.3
12.6
11.2
59.9
~~57~3"
1954
18.8
77.7
9.0
2.2
2.0
33.7
13.6
100.0
26.3
13.3
« 45.7
1954 employment
weights
36.3
Total, all industries, employment weights.
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and related productsLumber and wood products. _.
See text]
434 (4-digit) industries.
Excludes steel works and rolling mills for which the concentration ratio is 78.8.
' Includes electrical machinery.
3
4
Selected Statistics for Operating Manufacturing Establishments, by Legal Form of Organization:
1939 to 1967
All employees
Establishments
Item
205
Production workers
Value added by
manufacture
Capital expenditures, new
209
210
211
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Total
Payroll
Total
Wages
206
207
208
1,000
Mil. dol.
1,000
ALL ESTABLISHMENTS
1967'
1963..
1958
1954
1947
1939-.-
_
_ _
305,681
306,617
298,182
286,814
240,807
184,230
18,498
16,235
15,381
15,645
14,294
123,550
93,289
73,773
62,963
39,696
13,955
12,232
11,367
12,372
11,918
27,887
81,394
62,394
48,471
44,591
30,244
261,984
192,103
143,159
117,032
74,290
24,683
21,503
11,371
9,531
8,201
5,998
153,892
176,190
162,749
148,461
118,102
95,187
17,697
15,245
14,215
14,273
12,856
119,530
89,356
69,885
59,051
36,580
13,260
11,426
10,398
11,206
10,649
.= 7,051
78,429
59,064
45,455
41,480
27,637
253,261
184,100
135,644
109,669
68,294
22,790
20,988
10,791
8,926
7,752
33,165
130,427
135,433
138,353
122,705
89,043
530
990
1,165
1,372
1,438
2,709
3,932
3,787
3,912
3,115
433
806
969
1,166
1,269
2 836
2,008
3,030
3,016
3,111
2,607
5,636
8,002
7,515
7,363
5,996
1,893
370
580
605
449
CORPORATE
1967
1963
1958
1954
1947
1939
__
_ _
NONCORPORATE
1967
1963
1958
1954
1947.
1939.
_--
See footnotes at end of table.
687
P 205-226
MANUFACTURES
Series P 205-211.
Selected Statistics for Operating Manufacturing Establishments, by Legal Form of Organization:
1939 to 1967—Con.
All employees
Production workers
Establishments
Payroll
Total
Total
Value added b y
manufacture
Wages
Capital expenditures, new
Item
206
205
1,000
Mil. dol.
1,000
NONCORPORATE—Con.
210
209
Mil.
dol.
Mil.
dol.
Individual proprietorship:
1967
1963
1958
1954
1947..
1939
24,897
99,174
91,276
88,224
69,498
58,834
243
536
542
593
586
6,731
27,677
41,958
47,885
50,771
27,651
193
334
543
70S
757
210
1,187
2,033
1,637
1,527
1,184
3
440
461
507
522
443
933
1,595
1,349
1,237
2,361
3,916
3,115
2,735
2,162
957
730
1,062
1,458
1,684
1,432
1,895
2,726
3,663
4,054
3,347
863
1,001
Partnership:
1967
1963
1958
1954...
1947
1939
1
971
1,034
1,836
2,108
2
2
673
368
Average for year.
Percent Distribution of Production Workers and of Value Added in Manufacturing Establishments,
by Legal Form of Ownership: 1899 to 1967
Production workers, percent
in establishments
owned b y —
Year
602
1,687
Includes establishments for which legal form of organization was not available.
Series P 212-215.
157
277
452
Corporations
Value added, percent in
establishments owned
b y -
Other>
Corporations
Other >
214
215
212
1967.
1963
1958.
1954
1947
1939
95.0
93.4
91.7
90.6
89.4
89.4
5.0
6.6
8.3
9.4
10.6
Year
3.3
4.2
5.3
6.3
8.1
7.7
1 Includes individual proprietorships, partnerships, and other forms of ownership,
m o s t l y cooperative societies.
Series P 216-230.
Corporations
Value added, percent in
establishments owned
b y -
Other >
Corporations
213
96.7
95.8
94.7
93.7
91.9
92.3
10.6
Production workers, percent
in establishments
owned b y —
1929..
1919..
1914..
1909..
1904..
1899
10.1
89.9
86.6
91.5
87.7
83.2
77.2
71.9
265.0
13.4
19.7
24.4
29.4
80.3
75.6
70.6
2 Based on value of product.
Establishments covered include 66,143 establishments not covered b y census of manufactures. These establishments produced value
of products of $ 2 9 0 million in a total value of product of all manufactures of $11,701
million.
Physical Consumption of Selected Commodities in Manufacturing Industries: 1860 to 1970
Energy materials
Used for heat and power
Year
1967
1963
1958
1954
1947
U s e d as raw material
Total
Coal
Coke
Fuel
oil
Gas
Purchased
electric
energy
Coal
Coke
Crude
petroleum
Fuel
oil
Natural
gas
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
Bil. kwh
1,000
short tons
1,000
short ions
Mil. bbl.
Bil. CM. ft.
Bil. kwh
1,000
short ions
1,000
short ions
Mil. bbl.
Mil. bbl.
Bil. CM. ft.
5,348
4,632
4,184
4,359
3,195
1939.
1937
1929
1927
1923
1,595
>2,588
12,510
>1,533
•1,711
1919
1914
1909
1904
1899
>2,097
>1,626
>1,630
See footnotes at end of table.
688
75,100
89,438
81,784
91,458
110,869
80,161
2169,623
2206,232
2199,705
61,105
66,941
49,806
64,372
66,171
35,001
242,194
2
2
2
51,406
262.3
271.0
226.9
246.6
216.6
11,638
9,341
8,628
8,977
4,866
427
314
253
187
103
92,940
71,470
77,817
85,441
108,053
97.4
136.3
132.2
2
1,840
2,489
1,174
45
46
36
623 , 1 8 9
2
2222,848
2
202,576
2168,892
2165,593
241,785
231,370
238,530
69.6
32.7
219.7
2
2
2
2
2
566
280
809
()
<22)
(2)
()
(«2)
(2)
1,390
1,122
1,265
1,860
2,551
1,744
(22)
()
(2)
(22)
()
3,621
3,198
2,850
2,499
1,884
1,250
1,040
365
191
121
67
52
607
300
365
338
48S
11.1
8.3
6.0
4.0
36.0
(22)
()
(2)
(2)
(2!)
(2)
(
(22)
()
(2)
968
PHYSICAL CONSUMPTION AND OUTPUT
Series P 216-230.
Physical Consumption of Selected Commodities in Manufacturing Industries: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Raw
cotton
used in
textiles
Coffee
imported
Year
1,000 bales
Mil. lb.
P 227-243
Wool
used in
textiles
Unmanufactured
silk
imports for
consumption
229
230
Mil. lb.
Mil. lb.
1970.
1969.
1968
1967.
1966.
2,609
2,676
3,357
2,819
2,918
9,119
9,367
10,072
10,650
10,950
240.3
312.8
329.7
315.5
307.2
1965
1964
1963.
1962.
1961.
2,844
3,054
3,185
4 3,238
42,954
10,557
9,967
9,747
10,292
9,560
1960.
1959
1958
1957
1956
4
2,917
Year
Raw
cotton
used in
textiles
Coffee
imported
Wool
used in
textiles
Unmanufactured
silk
imports for
consumption
Mil. lb.
1,000 bales
Mil. lb.
Mil. lb.
4.6
1,269
1,395
1,388
1,220
1,304
6,852
6,217
7,312
6,549
5,409
349.9
342.2
422.4
406.5
343.4
63.1
50.5
49.1
50.1
44.9
387.0
356.7
411.7
429.1
412.1
5.8
6.7
6.4
6.5
6.7
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
1,248
1,256
1,014
1,218
1,132
6,762
6,224
7,685
7,658
7,279
314.2
329.1
399.3
29.3
44.3
32.3
36.0
32.0
2,776
10,471
9,913
9,101
10,166
10,930
411.0
435.3
331.1
368.8
440.7
6.9
8.0
5.3
8.3
12.7
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
1,137
975
845
938
796
6,009
5,885
5,786
5,368
4,705
30.8
25.5
27.8
24.7
20.7
1955
1954
1953.
1952
1951
2,569
2,234
2,767
2,665
2,678
10,315
9,900
10,783
10,426
12,050
413.8
380.8
494.0
466.4
484.1
11.0
8.5
7.8
12.6
7.2
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
797
1,126
926
930
844
4,799
5,241
4,493
4,974
4,877
21.5
22.1
18.6
15.6
16.7
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947
1946
2,429
2,913
2,752
2,458
2,664
10,467
9,201
10,510
11,009
10,218
634.8
500.4
693.1
698.3
737.5
10.5
4.0
7.4
3.2
13.5
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
859
1,074
740
901
1,028
4,523
3,981
4,187
4,080
3,604
15.4
16.4
11.5
13.6
12.2
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
2,705
2,604
2,194
1,712
2,250
11,049
11,308
12,401
12,658
1.0
11,081
645.1
622.8
636.2
603.6
648.0
25.6
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
741
852
781
787
621
3,687
3,672
3,472
2,841
2,500
11.7
8.4
10.0
4.9
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
2,044
8,845
7,709
6,463
8,769
7,085
407.9
396.5
284.5
380.8
406.1
47.6
55.3
57.1
64.2
67.5
1895
1894
1893
1892
1891
634
1,981
1,689
1,732
535
601
574
2,984
2,300
2,416
2,847
2,604
9.1
7.8
4.4
7.8
7.1
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
1,745
1,514
1,574
1,484
1,730
6,080
6,467
6,898
5,503
5,977
417.5
229.6
317.1
230.1
311.0
72.4
60.4
73.0
77.6
87.6
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
481
534
507
423
521
2,518
2,309
2,205
2,050
2,095
4.6
5.8
5.4
4.8
4.8
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1,585
1,475
1,447
1,419
1,482
6,911
7,970
7,614
7,996
7,260
263.2
368.1
333.2
354.1
342.7
80.6
1885
1884
1883
534
494
488
1,687
1,814
2,038
3.9
3.4
3.3
1
2
42,667
42,713
4
2,001
1.8
3.3
4.0
2.8
.2
85.9
74.4
72.7
65.6
601
Includes energy equivalents for fuel used as raw material.
Use as raw material is included with use for heat and power.
Series P 231-300.
Raw
cotton
used in
textiles
227
228
229
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
43,066
Year
Coffee
imported
3
4
Mil. a.
1,000 bales
1882.
1881.
484
426
1,849
1,866
1880.
1879.
1878
1877
1876.
396
438
325
349
267
1,501
1,457
1,459
1,314
1,256
1875.
1874.
1873.
1872.
1871
360
283
292
289
308
1,098
1,213
1,116
1,147
1,027
1870.
1869.
1868.
1867
1866.
272
235
235
220
175
797
860
844
715
615
1865.
1864
1863.
1862.
1861.
1860
126
105
101
94
146
180
344
220
287
369
842
845
8.1
Energy equivalent for coal only, including that used as raw material.
Imports for consumption of raw or green coffee.
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970
Foods produced
Beverages produced 2
Soybean
oil,
crude
Shortening
and
salad
and
cooking
oils 3
Distilled spirits
Total,
including Beverage
industrial alcohol
alcohol
Tobacco products
produced
Fats and oils
produced
Apparel
products
Manufactured
tobacco
and snuff
Cigars
Cigarettes
Wheat
flour i
Refined
sugar
Canned
corn
Canned
tomatoes
Beer
231
232
233
234
235
236
236a
237
238
239
240
241
Mil.
bbl.
Mil.
lb.
1,000
cases
1,000
cases
1,000
bbl.
1,000
lax gal.
1,000
tax gal.
Mil.
lb.
Mil.
lb.
Mil.
lb.
Millions
Millions
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
129.1
129.7
129.7
125.2
129.2
20,848
19,816
20,098
18,838
18,664
38,536
40,497
48,608
40,400
37,331
31,994
26,270
39,706
32,084
26,783
134,654
122,657
117,524
116,564
109,736
917,457
985,641
905,469
873,010
889,352
355,240
336,466
331,306
301,949
306,813
8,086
6,805
6,150
6,150
5,811
6,977
6,624
6,308
6,148
6,136
165
161
159
158
162
47,979
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
127.9
133.6
132.8
133.9
133.0
18,426
18,596
17,746
17,874
16,840
32,075
30,792
36,205
37,510
37,857
29,532
29,873
27,094
29,144
27,908
108,015
103,018
97,961
96,418
93,496
865,240
838,978
800,830
809,518
801,799
275,616
273,750
266,648
292,767
248,439
5,236
4,944
5,053
4,889
4,442
5,566
5,510
4,945
5,221
4,580
167
180
168
169
173
<8,883
<8,648
<6,657
<6,843
<6,648
47,499
<7,696
<7,303
<7,992
Mens'
and
Womens',
misses',
boys'
suits
and
and
juniors'
separate
dresses
coats
242
243
1,000
1,000
<562,154
<573,002
<570,748
<572,790
562,667
s43,642
'49,310
'50,320
5 47,987
644,641
251,540
266,856
277,971
282,192
273,080
4562,368
6
44,039
40,815
41,348
41,937
37,810
282,071
271,718
259,979
251,734
252,155
534,973
543,688
529,883
518,031
See footnotes at end of table.
689
P 231-243
MANUFACTURES
Series P 231-300.
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Foods produced
Beverages produced 3
Fats and oils
produced
Distilled spirits
Wheat
flour >
Mil.
bbl.
Canned
tomatoes
Beer
232
233
234
235
236
Mil.
1,000
1,000
1,000
bbl.
tax gal.
U).
cases
cases
236a
237
1,000
Mil.
Ib.
Total,
including Beverage
industrial alcohol
alcohol
1,000
tax gal.
Manufactured
tobacco
and snuff
Cigars
Cigarettes
238
239
240
241
Mil.
lb.
Mil.
I b.
Millions
Millions
117.6
* 28,926
33,810
27,075
31,533
35,668
•26,413
24,126
30,465
21,686
29,883
94
90
89
89
90
548
974
011
882
698
803,751
754,639
718,848
650,366
720,754
273,258
271,797
244,316
207,946
217.814
4,392
4,344
3,943
3,475
3,200
4,228
4,061
2,006
1,809
1,842
173
176
180
179
185
<6,937
17,298
4 6,395
45,952
4 5,8
115.6
113.5
113.9
117.0
117.6
14,760
15,066
13,900
13,820
13,276
24,075
30,619
30,982
32,329
25,576
24,727
21,827
22.334
27,981
31,770
89
92
90
89
88
791
561
434
601
976
593,982
563,496
619,456
689,256
846,388
194,888
167,319
135,240
69,294
342,768
2,827
2,378
2,515
2,478
2,473
1,975
1,961
1,675
1,611
1.403
199
204
209
220
227
45,834
4412,309
45,973
4423,070
115.4
120.3
143.2
156.7
143.2
14,665
13,235
12,202
13,753
10,224
18,241
29,795
31,483
26,089
30,951
21,108
21,537
24,393
27,709
23,857
88
89
91
87
84
807
736
291
867
978
521,770
617,558
576,409
563,956
634,454
194,025
291,722
270,687
219,656
225,077
2,075
1,859
1,604
1,543
1,454
1,710
1,487
1,441
1,375
1,451
235
239
245
242
253
45,468
4391,956
141.1
125.4
122.8
114.6
112.7
11,204
12,160
10,635
9,637
13,437
28,237
25,089
28,755
32,118
26,109
16.758
26,099
29,269
41,252
31.759
86
81
71
63
55
604 1,174,391
726 1,011,763
018
772,267
717
676,959
214
474,054
87,515
246,262
254.815
192,416
1,392
1,246
1,234
762
586
1,441
1,364
1,438
1,300
1,409
331
307
327
330
342
5,276
5,199
5,363
5,841
5,610
332,345
323,734
296,305
257,667
218,083
110.9
114.1
111.8
109.4
111.0
12,098
11,749
11,908
11,684
11,181
15,524
14,567
20.470
23,541
14,621
29,533
24,465
23,131
26,236
24,414
54
53
56
58
51
892
871
340
748
812
387,183
346,344
351,190
482,138
449,994
159,707
166.763
183,288
299,207
274,108
533
458
323
194
225
1,190
1.404
1,514
1,595
1,587
344
343
345
341
348
5,370
5,198
5,015
5,303
5,172
4189,373
106.4
97.2
10,891
10,256
11,132
11,172
26,985
22,376
20,461
20,367
16,341
46
>37
109
2
3
229
678
798
766
137
349,772
241,610
123,405
150,391
170,394
183,668
101,612
"IisTo
21.471
11,268
10,193
9,358
19,416
105
35
27
39
39
343
346
342
347
371
4,685
4,526
4,300
4,383
5,348
140,147
130,287
116,087
106,915
117,402
15,692
17,487
14,497
10,347
19,069
29,015
24,146
14,575
22,426
16,140
3
3
4
4
4
681
900
200
400
900
197,221
203,300
170,500
185,500
203,800
14
11
5
3
3
1,211
1,220
1,143
1,179
1,141
372
381
386
396
411
5,894
6,519
6,373
6,519
6,499
124,193
122,822
109,131
100,260
92,523
24,320
12,131
14,106
11,419
8,843
33,747
21,370
25,045
19,695
6,857
5
4
5
6
9
100
900
300
300
200
167,500
137,500
124,600
82,200
87,900
3
1
1
1
1,153
830
751
784
414
414
413
420
387
6,463
6.598
6,950
6,722
6,726
82,712
73,256
67,239
56,413
52,770
15,040
13,550
11,722
10,803
9,130
19,405
18,452
27,111
25,735
22,433
9
27
50
60
58
200
700
300
800
600
101,300
100,800
178,800
286,100
253,300
413
424
497
483
466
8,097
7,072
7,054
7,560
7,042
48,091
53,865
47,528
36,323
26,203
14,457
25,984
24,250
23,936
16,642
59
66
65
62
63
800
200
300
200
300
140,700
181,900
193,600
187,600
183,400
442
441
444
435
424
6.599
7,174
7,572
7,044
7,049
18,945
17,944
16,530
14,239
11,700
122.2
123.6
120.6
122.0
116.2
117:5
118.7
114.7
113.8
97.2
130.4
122.5
115.4
115.8
118.7
12,376
"l2~046
12,972
"16^358
""§"586
""§"478
45,882
45,892
4
5,664
5,453
5,645
5.488
5,618
4
4506,127
4489,865
4470,068
4442,328
4424,247
4
401,849
4435,549
4418,803
386,046
386,916
369,763
350,132
Mens'
and
Womens',
boys'
misses',
suits
and
and
juniors'
separate
dresses
coats
1,000
8,617
8,274
7,904
7,350
10,124
9,789
7,283
13,109
14,301
107.2
107.5
109.8
111.5
109.5
7,317
6,986
6,479
6,451
6,433
10,063
5,787
6,779
6,654
9,137
15,764
18,750
19,595
22,051
14,733
59
56
58
58
54
500
300
800
600
700
163,900
139,900
133,900
174,700
160,100
447
431
408
388
391
6,810
6,668
6.489
7,302
7,148
9,782
7,880
6,833
6,345
5.502
105.4
104.7
111.8
109.1
108.4
5,699
5,963
5,467
5,725
5,156
13,019
11,163
4,861
4,191
5,028
9,517
16,065
17.335
15,810
7,227
49
48
46
44
40
500
300
700
600
600
153,300
139,500
148,200
132,800
128,600
368
364
351
348
314
6,748
6,640
6,806
6,232
6,139
4,477
4,170
3,9 5 9
3,647
3.503
105.8
104.0
100.3
95.7
96.5
4,858
4,578
4,107
4,241
3,957
6,486
6,366
4,315
2,787
2,539
9,385
14,852
9,651
6,767
5,845
39
36
37
34
35
500
700
500
500
900
109,200
100,200
83,700
64,300
90,000
301
295
275
297
261
5,566
4,910
4,459
4,136
4,048
3,870
4,367
4,843
4,927
4,967
93.6
93.7
92.5
92.1
86.3
3,961
4,281
4,050
3,896
4,069
2,992
3,278
4,184
3,417
2,837
6,888
10,971
7,337
5,502
5,660
33
33
34
31
30
600
400
600
900
500
81,900
92,200
131,000
118,400
117,800
274
269
251
274
271
4,099
4,164
4,341
4,675
4,422
4,238
3,621
3,661
3,282
3,137
1,000
40,622
39,283
33,053
34,968
35,640
253,606
257,677
243,273
255,605
257,336
34,091
29,421
34,659
33,067
30,471
260,389
248,169
259,312
258,263
240,964
36,000
29,737
32,005
34,168
35,086
248,195
266,674
227,279
203,247
213,073
20,729
19,425
204,878
223,995
180,828 ' 2 7 , 3 5 4
171,842
170,171 7 23~743
159,076
119.2
115.0
113.6
110.8
110.8
See footnotes at end of table.
Canned
corn
Shortening
and
salad
and
cooking
oils >
Apparel
products
* 16,710
16,082
15,790
15,150
15,532
130.4
128.1
126.8
690
Refined
sugar
Soybean
oil,
crude
Tobacco products
produced
24,287
"i§;s66
~2i~624
"30^342
31,846
194,383
"i78~30d
«172,247
145^238
167492
"162^837
109,080
PHYSICAL OUTPUT
Series P 231-300.
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Beverages produced—Con.
Foods produced—Con.
Year
P 231-258
Wheat
flour >
Refined
sugar
231
232
Mil.
bbl.
Mil.
lb.
Canned
corn
Canned
tomatoes
Fermented
malt
liquor 2
1,000
cases
1,000
cases
1,000
bbl.
Tobacco products produced—Con.
Distilled
spirits 2
Manufactured
tobacco
and snuff
Cigars
236
239
240
1,000
tax gal.
Mil.
lb.
Millions
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
83.3
80.8
79.5
79.5
75.7
3,233
3,170
3,048
3,014
2,949
1,523
1,726
3,437
2,276
1,675
5,280
5,022
5,580
4,720
3,921
27,600
25,100
24,700
23,100
20,700
111,100
91,100
71,700
79,400
81,800
253
246
209
226
210
4 ,2 2 9
3,787
3,668
3,662
3,462
1885
1884
1883
1882
1881
74.0
72.5
70.8
67.8
65.6
2,912
2,732
2,466
2,368
1,940
1,062
2,362
19,200
19,000
17,800
17,000
14,300
76,400
76,500
75,300
107,300
119,500
207
172
194
159
172
3,294
3,373
3,232
3,118
2,806
1880
1879
1878
1877
1876
64.3
61.9
59.8
56.5
56.1
1,988
1,709
1,778
1,698
1,583
13,300
11,100
10,200
9,800
9,900
91,400
72,900
57,300
61,400
58,600
146
136
125
123
124
2,510
2,217
1,923
1875
1874
1873
1872
1871
54.4
53.6
51.3
49.2
49.0
1,642
1,638
1,526
1,454
1,413
9,500
9,600
9,600
8,700
7,700
62,700
69,600
71,200
69,400
57,000
124
124
118
112
107
1,828
1,835
1,755
1,578
1,353
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
47.9
46.8
44.9
44.3
42.8
1,196
1,254
1,149
841
886
6,600
72,600
102
1,183
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
1860
42.5
42.4
42.5
42.4
41.6
39.8
733
565
607
590
978
788
Chemicals and allied products
Textile mill products
Rayon
and
acetate
yarns
available
Noncellulosic
yarn
available
1,816
1,776
Refined petroleum products
Inorganic chemicals
Finished
knit
cloth
shipped11
Carpets
and
rugs
shipped
246
Mil.
lb.
1,000
lb.
699.6
743.5
794.5
739.8
780.8
1.803.8
1,649.0
1,555.7
1,184.7
1.081.9
782.5
768.6
687.4
668.9
627.8
Superphosphates
(100%
P2O5)
Light
products
of distillation
Illuminating
oils
(kerosene)12
Ammonia
anhydrous
(100%
NHi)
247
248
249
sq. yd.
1,000
1,000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
782,279
744,003
698,124
603,951
558,617
633,662
597,885
546,840
467,909
445,527
10,064
9,917
8,868
8.398
7,596
13,570
12,769
12,120
12,194
10,605
33
39
42
65
73
29,577
29,537
28,544
28,815
28,385
827
881
843
782
837
4,596
4,289
4,149
4,695
4,450
2,136
2,057
1,968
1,873
1,822
314
320
295
264
228
1,155
1,114
1,116
1,081
1,050
66
65
66
65
65
927.7
797.4
655.2
570.7
477.3
450,128
416,642
345,607
314,597
276,048
411,220
357,653
305,470
268,235
"178,625
6,842
6.399
5,814
5,486
4.914
8,869
7,634
6,693
5,810
5,207
81
63
60
64
56
24,851
22,924
20,936
19,701
17,848
775
725
678
643
623
3,834
3,482
3,231
2,823
2,744
1,733
1,687
1,625
1,583
1,533
202
168
165
156
141
1,034
1,009
1,041
1,015
1,012
63
64
63
61
59
624.9
722.2
643.5
685.8
727.0
400.8
378.9
311.3
314.8
273.1
247,671
243,042
210,635
193,518
186,458
"151,984
"132,523
166,737
"99,651
"83,177
4,972
4,748
3,993
4,336
4,227
4,818
4,520
3,879
3,733
3,378
45
56
51
41
37
17,883
17,609
15,950
16,460
16,495
650
595
" 518
» 503
2,610
2,672
* 1,522
1,489
1,440
1,438
1,429
* 136
2,381
2,455
2,439
110
109
123
* 999
1,027
995
1,084
1,092
* 59
56
51
56
59
857.7
721.2
865.6
845.2
865.5
258.2
214.1
186.4
160.8
134.4
181,884
165,030
164,193
170,518
148,747
"77,822
128,023
3.915
3,410
3,263
3,031
3,106
3,252
2,737
2,288
2,052
1,777
54
34
34
35
16,255
14,376
14,003
13,310
13,372
" 515
"416
"421
2,272
2,215
2,147
2,165
2,045
1,374
1,261
1,266
1,193
1,140
117
122
123
132
136
1,023
959
978
974
945
56
53
53
56
61
955.6
782.8
846.7
729.3
666.5
97.6
75.6
59.3
43.7
33.6
162,803
147,853
2,949
>5 2,650
•5 2,938
15 2,909
"2,292
1,566
1,294
1,090
1,114
726
13,029
11,432
11,456
10,780
9,203
1,994
1,891
1,900
1,857
1,566
1,024
961
920
842
776
119
102
122
110
104
824
766
859
760
719
52
45
51
52
46
602.4
539.1
29.4
24.9
129,958
107,908
"2,322
"2,328
549
544
9,522
9,242
1,447
1,340
793
741
81
78
719
701
42
41
244
Mil.
lb.
153~778~
146,666
91,160
Ammonia
aqua
Paints,
varnishes,
and
lacquers
Sodium
hydroxide
(caustic
soda)
(100%
NHi)
Sulfuric
acid
(100%
HiSOi)
251
1,000
short
tons
28
24
1,000
short
tons
Fuel
oils
255
Mil.
gal.
1,000
short
tons
Mil.
bbl.
Mil.
bbl.
111
Lubricating
oils
257
Mil.
bbl.
Mil.
bbl.
See footnotes at end of table.
691
P 244-271
MANUFACTURES
Series P 231-300.
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Textile mill products
Year
Noncellulosic
yarn
available
Finished
knit
cloth
shipped11
Carpets
and
rugs
shipped
244
245
246
Mil.
lb.
Mil.
lb.
1,000
lb.
494.2
468.8
452.5
17.7
12.2
7.5
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
388.8
359.9
274.1
267.2
297.6
2.7
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
252.8
194.8
211.9
152.1
157.8
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
118.4
131.8
100.3
100.1
60.9
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
1916
1914
1913
1912
1911
.
.
.
..
. _
Refined petroleum products
Inorganic chemicals
Rayon
and
acetate
yarns
available
1943
1942
1941
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
Chemicals and allied products
Sodium
hydroxide
(caustic
soda)
Ammonia
anhydrous
(100%
NHi)
Ammonia
aqua
(100%
NH.)
Sulfuric
acid
(100%
HsSOi)
Paints,
varnishes,
and
lacquers
Superphosphates
(100%
PsOs)
Light
products
of distillation
Illuminating
oils
(kerosene)
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
1,000
sq. yd.
1,000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
Mil.
gal.
1,000
short
tons
Mil.
bbl.
112,560
"2,249
"1,574
"1,429
643
543
501
311
1 8 16
4,795
265
108
1 8 13
6,029
280
4,890
79,766
63,676
«1,045
76,377
64,799
969
18
8,442
7,754
6,770
49,687
69,162
759
" 69
1 8 12
41,484
41,876
687
" 76
"6
44,181
659
"64
» 9
4,627
171
73,411
762
18
87
"15
6,456
239
67,193
573
"23
25
5,577
201
18
68.4
42.4
32.8
25.0
19.8
8.7
9.3
6.0
6.8
6.6
6.6
5.1
4.0
2.9
2.1
72,100
497
16
51
5,325
176
83,242
437
12
34
4,984
152
52,906
239
15
39
3,323
94
52,182
313
14
23
4,222
109
8
1 8 18
3,096
77
6
"3
"1
leu
2,254
1,421
1,177
70
46
40
66,340
81,219
82,671
76,410
1909
1904
1899
1890
1880
219
(NA)
18
292
18 132
"87
167
18
18
Fuel
oils
Lubricating
oils
Paraffin
wax
255
256
257
258
Mil.
bbl.
Mil.
bbl.
Mil.
bbl.
1,000
bbl.
1,273
1,071
955
609
610
704
72
67
73
629
556
532
39
39
40
2,697
2,502
2,393
876
758
685
805
627
616
611
568
571
516
74
69
65
65
56
500
468
447
469
414
37
35
31
35
31
1,833
1,659
1,555
1,863
1,689
532
509
463
307
478
470
424
411
403
442
56
54
49
44
42
360
335
316
295
337
28
26
24
22
27
1,608
1,674
1,677
1,639
1,706
794
444
445
388
340
307
49
56
59
56
62
372
449
427
393
365
34
34
35
32
32
1,956
2,261
2,257
2,089
2,310
269
225
196
158
132
60
60
56
55
46
365
320
287
255
230
31
27
26
23
21
2,135
1,845
1,666
1,651
1,553
124
101
91
55
56
43
41
36
211
182
174
155
111
25
20
20
18
15
1,933
1,668
1,805
1,719
1,379
863
84
35
12
1
1870
1860
Shoes produced
(except athletic)
Construction materials
Primary and fabricated metals
Raw steel produced
Year
Pneumatic
motor
vehicle
tires
produced
Men's
261
259
Millions
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
186
168
See footnotes at end of table.
692
Women's
Mil.
p aire
Mil.
pairs
Rails
produced17
Structural
iron and
steel
shapes
produced17
Common
and
face
brick
produced
262
263
264
1,000
1,000
short
Ions
short
tons
119.7
117.6
125.6
123.7
126.9
230.2
237.6
283.7
258.0
284.2
900
830
847
763
878
" 5,566
18 5,766
7,098
6,986
7,687
118.2
280.0
278.0
275.2
288.2
273.4
766
701
531
644
472
7,641
6,809
5,856
5,278
6,617
117.7
110.7
112.7
103.3
1,000
Billions
Open
hearth17
Crucible17
Electric
and all
other17
267
268
269
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
m
2166,835
Total"
short
tons
short
tons
6.73
7.81
7.91
7.57
131,514
141,262
131,462
127,213
134,101
(»)
278
8.21
131,462
127,076
109,261
98,328
98,014
586
858
963
805
881
8.26
7.87
7.41
6.89
6.68
short
tons
short
tons
short
tons
Hot
rolled
iron
and
steel
produced17
1,000
short
tons
20,162
"70,690
85,025
20,132
16,814
15,089
14,870
»90,798
»93,877
99,115
93,084
99,205
94,193
98.097
88,834
82,957
84,502
13,804
12,678
10,920
9,013
8,664
99,304
93,635
81,851
74,998
73,412
48,022
60,894
PHYSICAL OUTPUT
Series P 231-300.
P 231-258
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Shoes produced
(except athletic)
Construction materials
Primary and fabricated metals
Raw steel produced
Year
Pneumatic
motor
vehicle
tires
produced
Men's
Women's
Rails
produced17
Structural
iron and
steel
shapes
produced17
260
Millions
100.6
1960.
1959.
1958_
1957.
1956.
Open
hearth17
Crucible 1 '
Electric
and all
other"
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
Billions
1,000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
1 000
short
tons
1,000
short
tons
711
631
587
1,308
1.301
6,125
5,259
5,220
8.595
7,167
6.94
7.34
6.32
103.7
91.1
98.8
100.7
104.5
270.9
186.9
183.9
169.4
1,227
1,171
1,982
1,472
1,854
6,336
6,706
6.538
5,355
6,348
102.5
97.4
104.4
106.2
106.0
195.2
178.0
176.5
191.6
181.4
1,850
1,901
2,208
2,441
1,966
107.7
108.5
129.3
143.0
135.8
120.2
118.1
154.7
181.7
184.9
22 59
2! 53
102.4
103.8
96.7
102.9
103.8
2® 45
88.8
99.5
91.4
8.09
282
446
255
715
216
1
1
1
2
3
189
380
396
475
228
86,368
81,669
75,879
101,658
102,841
8,379
8,533
6,656
7,971
8,641
76,446
71,856
65,105
85,887
89,284
7.90
6.72
5.87
5.89
6.63
117
88
111
93
105
036
312
610
168
200
3
2
3
3
4
320
548
856
524
891
105,359
80,327
100,474
82,846
93,167
8,050
5,436
7,280
6,798
7,142
90,658
68,465
85,944
71,349
81,911
5,442
4,672
5,456
5,607
4,388
6.33
5.52
5.84
5.14
4.87
96
77
88
84
66
836
978
640
894
603
4
3
4
4
3
535
947
243
233
328
86,263
70,249
79,340
76,874
60,712
6,039
3,783
5,057
3,788
2,563
2,418
2,491
2,127
2,096
1,928
4,467
4,676
4,576
5,816
6,724
2.29
79
89
88
86
82
702
642
837
032
839
4
5
5
5
5
305
040
625
553
578
71,940
80,364
78,622
76,502
74,390
151.9
167.7
147.8
149.7
161.9
1,679
1,313
698
1,619
1,366
4,232
3,359
2,083
3,670
3,245
4.10
4.73
3.53
4.19
66
52
31
56
53
983
799
752
637
500
3
3
2
3
3
709
359
106
864
873
61,573
48,410
29,080
51,825
48,760
145.2
133.0
130.7
113.9
112.6
797
1,131
466
451
1,297
1,960
1.596
1,243
1,050
2,310
2.28
1.40
1.29
1.40
3.22
38
29
25
15
28
184
182
725
123
607
3
2
2
1
3
175
422
717
712
373
34,401
26,355
22,653
13,243
24,953
77.1
94.8
91.0
95.3
86.6
112.6
131.3
123.8
116.3
110.4
2,098
3,049
2,965
3.143
3,604
3,934
5,351
4,588
4,192
4,381
6.11
7.64
8.83
9.47
9.96
44
61
56
49
52
591
742
623
273
902
5
7
7
6
7
623
945
385
894
721
38,587
53,152
48,689
41,921
44,764
2229
86.5
84.7
100.3
90.0
69.5
104.8
104.1
109.7
105.4
101.5
3,119
2,725
3,253
2,432
2,440
4,037
3,678
3,814
3,045
1,425
10.04
9.19
9.21
7.32
6.32
49
41
49
38
21
705
446
017
946
639
7
6
9
6
4
474
551
431
578
461
"2! 38
95.0
104.8
2,917
2.468
2,846
3,297
3,197
3,704
2,928
3,192
3,483
3,394
5.64
5.54
3.91
6.62
8.40
46
38
49
49
46
183
099
010
787
793
9
8
10
11
12
2.469
2,179
3,923
3,727
3,162
2,729
2,275
3,366
3,188
2,142
7.71
7.96
8.92
9.37
9.20
35
25
34
34
25
180
606
087
079
937
4,072
3,387
2,152
4,070
4,455
2.539
2,549
1,213
2,173
2,373
9.92
10.61
8.40
10.38
10.64
28
26
15
25
25
3,781
2,559
3,352
3.302
3,220
1,860
1,063
1,227
1,456
1,135
10.36
9.10
8.90
8.93
8.45
2,672
2,545
2,219
1,846
1,257
913
952
786
654
555
1.463
1.144
1,273
1,738
1.464
580
404
434
508
102
112
1945_
1944.
19431942.
1941.
1940_
1939.
1938.
1937_
1936.
!2 64
1935.
1934 _
1933 _
1932.
1931.
1920_
1919.
19181917.
1916_
1,000
short
tons
Bessemer17
99
93
85
112
115
1950.
1949 _
1948.
1947.
1946.
1925.
1924.
19231922_
1921.
Mil.
pairs
Hot
rolled
iron
and
steel
produced17
Total 1 '
279.8
292.4
270.7
274.2
273.4
112
19551954,
1953.
1952.
1951-
1930.
1929.
1928_
19271926.
Mil.
pairs
Common
and
face
brick
produced
^ 52
28 70
"22 67
22 61
" 22"50"
110.1
101.4
104.3
106.9
74.5
77.4
1915_
1914_
1913.
19121911.
1910_
1909.
1908_
1907.
1906-
80.9
98.0
1905.
1904.
1903.
1902_
19011900_
1899.
1898_
1897.
1896.
1895.
1894.
1893 _
1892.
1891.
202.0
69.5
67.7
6.66
75.191
60,882
69.192
66,202
50,937
3,457
4,238
4,589
3,975
2,869
59,812
65,804
63,293
62,446
62,324
1,700
1,029
566
947
865
48,660
39,068
23,569
41,178
37,858
606
405
354
168
280
26,840
21,246
18,743
11,705
21,477
9
16
379
638
542
449
401
33,055
45,998
42,182
36,825
39,755
41,804
34,597
39,200
32,106
17,065
20
24
48
31
8
406
274
338
230
104
37,393
31,457
37,270
29,626
16,547
841
038
335
572
234
35,846
29,665
38,065
37,783
34,278
79
69
128
138
135
417
327
482
294
146
36,230
28,114
34,894
37,036
36,266
9
6
10
11
8
178
895
604
492
841
25,838
18,603
23,340
22,457
16,970
108
88
117
114
94
55
20
26
17
27,320
20,575
27,766
27,616
21,324
330
218
383
375
443
10
10
6
13
13
478
414
828
031
712
17,672
15,682
8,492
12,206
11,594
122
107
63
138
137
22,002
21
15
15
16
14
880
205
865
402
784
12
8
9
10
9
231
787
605
222
752
9,537
6,325
6,146
6,054
4,924
112
93
114
126
18,861
13,455
14,793
• 15,617
13,831
7.49
8.13
6.16
5.60
5.97
11
11
9
7
5
227
739
888
940
849
7
8
7
6
4
481
494
401
131
388
3,638
3,135
2,388
1,731
1,396
109
10,626
11,530
9,535
7,842
6,178
6.36
6
4
4
5
4
785
899
471
492
349
5
3
3
4
3
494
995
596
663
635
1,219
845
805
732
631
1.88
1.92
(NA)
(NA)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
108
111
99
77
65
72
58
69
96
Copper
and
copper
base
alloy,
rolled,
drawn,
and
extruded
products
shipped11
24,216
13.248
22.249
21,939
6,932
5,199
5,573
6,906
6,038
See footnotes at end of table.
693
P 262-284
MANUFACTURES
Series P 231-300.
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Construction materials
Year
Rails
produced
Structural
iron and
steel shapes
produced
Common
and face
brick
produced
Total
Bessemer
Open hearth
Crucible
Hot rolled
iron and
steel
produced
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
270
1,000 short tons
BiUions
1,000 short tons
1,000 short tons
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
2,112
1,705
1,572
2,396
1,793
1885
1884 _ - _
1883
1882
.
1881
1,094
1,145
1,361
1,689
1,844
1880
1879
1878
.
1877
1876--.
1,462
1,113
883
765
880
276
Common
and face
brick
produced
Total
262
264
265
Billions
short tons
short tons
1,000
3.82
1,000 short tons
1,000 short tons
4,779
3,784
3,238
3,733
2,870
4,131
3,282
2,813
3,288
2,541
566
413
345
356
245
82
89
80
89
83
6,746
5,865
5,171
5,864
4,853
1,917
1,737
1,874
1,945
1,779
1,702
1,541
1,655
1,696
1,539
149
132
134
161
147
66
65
86
88
93
2,975
3,077
3,645
3,955
3,999
1,397
1,048
820
638
597
1,203
929
732
561
526
113
56
36
25
21
81
62
51
52
50
3,301
2,741
2,115
1,909
1,922
Construction
materials
—Con..
Primary and fabricated metals—Con.
Rails
produced
short tons
Raw steel produced
8.05
87
Construction
materials—Con.
Year
Primary and fabricated metals
Open
hearth
Crucible
Hot
rolled iron
and steel
produced
267
268
270
Raw steel produced—Con.
266
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
short tons
Year
262
1,000
1,000
short tons
short tons
Rails
produced
short tons
1875.
18741873.
1872.
793
729
890
1,000
437
242
223
160
376
192
171
120
9
7
4
3
52
43
49
37
1,890
1,840
1,966
1,942
1867.
1866
1865.
1864.
431
356
335
18711870_
1869.
1868.
776
82
77
35
30
45
42
12
9
2
35
34
1,486
1,325
1,236
1,105
1863.
1862.
1861.
1860
276
214
190
205
620
594
506
2.80
2
22
22
1
Metal
cans
shipped26
Warm
airfurnaces
shipped
Nonelectric
cooking
stoves
and
1,000
base boxes
273
1,000
1,000
Gasoline
engines
produced
Diesel
engines
produced
Wheel
tractors,
complete,
produced
Metal
cutting
machines
shipped
Typewriters
shipped
275
276
277
278
279
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
» 1,371
236
243
226
1,842
1,928
1,889
244
213
203
188
171
184
154
140
139
124
152
134
143
1,783
1,865
1,741
1,449
1,528
2,114
2,291
2,326
2,097
2,132
9,558
10,528
9,822
9,102
8,900
226
254
252
252
254
172
196
213
242
271
121,050
116,213
110,949
114,506
« 109,358
1,583
1,535
1,363
1,238
1,175
2,187
2,068
2,016
1,878
1,773
7,908
6,734
6,862
7,126
5,968
247
238
179
155
150
4,862
4,949
4,761
4,595
4 , 7 86
1,253
1,435
1,235
1,131
1,355
2,037
1,825
1,956
2,274
1,822
6,022
139
180
132
127
141
694
7,181
5,756
4,924
5,883
1,000
188
159,299
152,617
145,862
133,980
129,389
See footnotes at end of table.
Raw steel produced—Con.
Total
260
241
229
215
230
110
Bessemer
Crucible
265
1,000
short tons
1,000
short tons
1,000
short tons
22
19
15
10
19
19
15
10
13
13
Electrical machinery
Room airconditioners
shipped
shipped
272
1,000 short tons
Primary and fabricated metals—Con.
Machinery, except electrical
Fabricated metal products
1,000 short tons
Fractional
Integral
horsehorsepower
power momotors
tors and
(excluding
generahermetics)
tors
shipped 11 shipped 11
Household
refrigerators
produced
284
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,438
5,115
3,887
3,941
3,269
135,134
150,463
142,696
122,419
136,820
2,836
2,776
2,726
2,834
2,595
1,486
1,438
1,307
1,306
1,130
2,868
131,572
106,587
98,926
81,373
74,552
2,139
1,923
1,433
1,724
1,428
1,191
1,283
1,224
1,645
1,501
1,523
1,773
1,675
1,586
1,828
76,027
1,409
~58~877~
1^639
1,626
Domestic
ranges,
electric,
shipped 11
2,592
1,990
1,628
1,562
1,000
1,000
2,273
4,578
2,205
4,221
" 789
3,038
PHYSICAL OUTPUT
Series P 231-300.
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Machinery, except electrical
Fabricated metal products
Year
Metal
cans
shipped
25
1,000
base boxes
1955
1954_
1953
1952
1951-.
.
1950
1949. _
1948 . .
1947. .
1946
1945.
1944
1943.
1942
1941.
.
...
_
Gasoline
engines
produced
Diesel
engines
produced
Wheel
tractors,
complete,
produced
Metal
cutting
machines
shipped
Typewriters
shipped
Room airconditioners
shipped
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,484
4,143
4,082
3,842
3,805
1,406
1,152
997
928
872
2,509
2,203
2,386
2,424
2,624
4,932
3,670
2,989
2,945
3,104
139
105
118
121
129
330
246
390
415
564
3,893
3,277
3,245
2,956
2,760
1,100
770
777
885
699
3,388
2,475
3,532
3,519
2,811
2,458
99
2,141
100
499
556
530
433
258
2,442
2,072
1,684
373
281
173
« 256
32 518
31
121
191
1,258
» 1,111
1,295
1,383
1,533
1,283
1,353
» 1,018
so 372
» 229
1,408
1,074
1,173
1,493
194
89
74
43
30
29
29
29
29
244
249
105
172
313
1,889
" 1,424
» 1,055
31
1940
1939
1938.
1937...
1936.
249
186
172
238
194
1935
1934.
1933
19321931
138
.
176
196
152
185
170
1925
1924. _
1923. .
1922
1921.
158
112
127
95
.
Large
incandescent
Hometype
radio
Fluores- receivers
cent, hot shipped 11
cathode
Hometype
radiophonograph
combinations
shipped 11
284
1,000
1,000
1,000
57,643
1,744
1,209
3,387
43,375
1,904
1,210
3,976
11,256
456
275
520
»» 341
3<
2,824
824
7,782
327
33
195
84
1,882
416
3,818
189
529
3,845
309
962
4,832
862
3,046
742
2,288
446
33
698
1,995
413
489
993
250
27
si 5
198
64
1,153
283
1,773
51
M 1,160
33
110
« 1,050
713
83
225
« 890
524
83
113
« 390
85
« 75
as 49
« 18
83
Horse-drawn
vehicles produced
Phonographs
shipped
Trailer
coaches,
housing
type,
shipped 11
Truck
trailers
shipped
Locomotives
produced
293
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
1,000
Mil.
Mil.
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,227
283
Transportation equipment
285
4,596
282
20,666
Electrical machinery—Con.
Electric lamps
produced
Household
refrigerators
produced
930
145
Household
washing
machines,
mechanical,
shipped 11
Domestic
ranges,
electric,
shipped 11
1,116
-
Year
Fractional
Integral
horsehorsepower
power momotors
tors and
(excluding
generahermetics)
tors
shipped 11 shipped 11
1
62
1930.
...
...
1929...
_ _ _
1928.
1927..
1926. _
1919
1914
1900.
Electrical machinery
Nonelectric
cooking
stoves
and
ranges
shipped
Warm
airfurnaces
shipped
272
P 272-298
1,582
1,476
1,467
1,391
1,394
267
261
258
224
256
4,359
5,941
7,455
9,362
13,536
1,660
1,842
1,982
1,730
1,702
3,051
3,941
3,705
3,828
4,323
1,320
1,264
1,254
1,238
1,155
225
198
179
164
142
12,744
9,404
9,313
10,112
10,350
1,662
1,454
1,244
1,243
853
4,057
3,242
3,699
3,668
3,343
226
151
106
138
114
97
113
104
87
78
68
51
88
1,418
686
Railroad Railroad
passenfreight
ger cars
cars
produced produced
294
Carriages,
buggies,
and
sulkies
Farm
wagons,
trucks,
and
business
vehicles
Bicycles
produced
295
296
297
298
1,000
1,000
1,000
Mil.
si 72
87
63
92
2 66
37
33
94
87
"4.87
87
3.81
See footnotes at end of table.
695
P 285-298
MANUFACTURES
Series P 231-300.
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Electrical machinery—Con.
Household
washing
machines,
mechanical,
shipped 11
Year
285
1,000
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
3,974
1955_
1954
1953
1952
1951
3,697
1950
1949...
1948.
1947
1946
4,148
Electric lamps
produced
Large
incandescent
286
Mil
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931...
1930..
1929...
1928
1927
1926
Phonographs
shipped
Truck
trailers
shipped
Locomotives
produced
Railroad
passenger cars
produced
Railroad
freight
cars
produced
293
294
287
288
289
290
291
292
Mil.
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
9,763
9,568
8,012
8,604
8,974
654
771
787
735
602
3,242
3,481
3,750
3,943
3,949
1,057
960
1,028
864
1,070
104
93
92
65
111
7,929
6,448
7,260
6,556
507
377
524
566
3,919
2,659
1,494
830
1,200
975
1,030
999
774
98
71
94
89
52
787
37
14,067
3,415
760
72
76
74
52
93
55
65
66
34
47
53
73
3,672
3,272
6,475
5,446
4,075
903
391
1,572
1,955
1,802
76
157
108
140
129
2,085
2,235
5,332
4,915
3,530
1,866
3,366
2,779
2,818
3,466
70
98
186
126
62
4,755
2,887
2,342
7,362
6,952
4,288
2,749
1,637
5,353
3,084
171
87
68
275
233
5,491
3,441
5.152
4,070
3,384
2,500
2,144
2,007
1,948
2,055
163
61
153
163
137
3.153
2,475
1,636
1,305
116
120
818
320
3,743
74
956
352
4,980
152
» 603
760
335
1,980
59
" 988
267
2,350
233
190
19
345
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
1900
1899
See footnotes at end of table.
"113
"25
151
44
95
115
96
60
109
115
178
68
46
30
« 67
964
933
891
861
1,337
2,383
2,491
1,963
1,096
1,159
23
3,648
-
38
36
84
79
96
1,285
2,036
3,785
1,534
1,823
5,669
306
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
886
315
386
117
179
77
85
48
64
91
388
1,017
514
"32
97
67
1,481
2,202
1,462
1,975
2,800
1,208
89
"116
705
396
1,134
1,161
747
1,176
1,770
22
40
1,000
9
25
2
3
14
18
"2,230
1,000
205
195
7
71
290
58
(")
1,000
205
110
63
123
222
7,728
225
298
64
26
17
79
47
501
40
297
257
276
434
629
191
1,493
»» 596
296
560
355
346
615
202
"27
24
(»»)
295
55
82
75
71
83
12
19 642
1,718
Bicycles
produced
931
1,003
685
418
349
475
«» 997
1,409
Farm
wagons,
trucks,
and
business
vehicles
3,213
1,438
1,164
1,018
1,107
9,839
(..)
(..)
1,140
Carriages,
buggies,
and
sulkies
"33
209
197
80
"42
517
155
135
58
68
49
58
64
1,393
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
696
Horse-drawn
vehicles produced
Trailer
coaches,
housing
type,
shipped 11
140
131
113
119
126
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
1915
1914
1913..
1912
1911
Hometype
radiophonograph
combinations
shipped 11
1,142
1,212
1,052
1,112
1,132
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
Hometype
radio
Fluores- receivers
cent, hot shipped 11
cathode
Transportation equipment
Mil
107
"2.05
108
1.75
218
2.88
1
52
1.25
1
106
1.13
1
98
.66
1
53
.32
1
27
.26
4
106
.31
8
112
.26
22
196
.30
40
193
.49
34
67
.22
216
342
.47
538
534
.30
828
588
.17
937
644
.23
905
570
1.11
PHYSICAL OUTPUT A N D PRODUCTION CAPACITY
Series P 231-300.
Physical Output of Selected Manufactured Commodities: 1860 to 1970—Con.
Transportation
equipment—Con.
Transportation
equipment—Con.
Year
Locomotives
produced
Railroad
Railroad
freight
cars
produced
cars
produced
Year
Railroad
passenger
cars
produced
Railroad
freight
cars
produced
293
294
295
1898
1897
1896
1895
1,875
251
1,175
1,101
699
494
474
430
1894
1893
1892
1891
695
2,011
2,012
2,165
516
1,986
2,195
1,640
17
57
98
96
2,300
1,860
2,180
2,044
1,654
1,580
1,452
1,277
104
71
72
78
1882
1881
1880
1879 ___
1886
1885
1884
1883
1,436
800
1,149
2,067
953
813
1,063
2,135
42
13
25
45
1878
1877_ __
1876
299
300
1,000
1967
1963
1958
1954
1947
1,000
199
214
159
152
148
Organs
produced
299
300
1939
1937
1935
1931
1929-
- _
Year
301
302
303
293
294
295
Year
Railroad
passenger
cars
produced
Railroad
freight
cars
produced
294
295
2,282
1,977
1,405
1,000
1,711
1,188
685
524
68
74
46
26
211
708
836
9
7
8
1875
1874
1873
1872
1871
185
256
280
387
185
Miscellaneous
Pianos
produced
Organs
produced
299
300
1927
1925
1923
1921__ _ _
1919
Year
Pianos
produced
Organs
produced
299
300
1,000
212
303
344
218
338
9
5
6
9
2
1,000
3.1
4.4
7.8
7.9
26.4
1914__
1909 _ ___
1904
1899 ___
1,000
323
364
261
172
40.5
64.1
113
107
Bessemer included with open hearth.
Includes bicycle tires.
Excludes motorcycle tires.
24 Excludes amount produced and consumed in same works.
26 Prior to 1961, represents thousands of short tons of metal consumed in manufacture of cans. Comparable figure for 1961 is 5,039 thousand.
26 For October-December, excludes standard portable typewriters and specialized
typewriters (i.e., specialized composing typewriters, coded media typewriters, and
input/output typewriters).
27 Represents tinplate cans shipped.
28 Excludes other than free-standing ranges.
29 Excludes specialized typewriters.
30 Listed as self-contained window sill type.
81 Amount produced.
82 Represents orders booked rather than shipments; comparable figure for 1944 is
226 thousand.
88 2 Vi kw. and over.
34 Represents sales.
89 Includes disk stoves and hotplates.
86 Includes rebuilt locomotives.
87 Represents shipments.
For bicycles, 1963 and 1967, excludes children's 2-wheel
sidewalk cycles with semipneumatic tires.
88 Civilian only.
89 For phonographs, amount produced, 1921-1929.
Radio-phonograph combinations included with phonographs, 1919-1925.
40 N o t strictly comparable with later years because of changes in classification.
41 Represents electronic organs shipped.
21
22
28
Total Production Capacity of Selected Manufacturing Industries: 1887 to 1970
Capacity is usually rated as of January 1.
Lead refining
Copper
refining 2
Railroad
freight
cars
produced
1,000
1.7
1.3
2.7
[In thousands of short tons unless otherwise stated.
Blast
furnaces
(Pig
iron)
Year
1,000
111
103
61
51
121
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Represents zero.
NA
Not available.
Z Less than 500 short tons.
1 Figures for 1915-1929 are for crop years ending June; all others are for calendar
years. The 1914 crop year figure is 114.2 million barrels. The 1929 calendar year
figure is 120.0 million barrels.
2 Figures are for years ending June 30.
8 Prior to 1959, shortening only; figures for salad and cooking oils not collected.
4 Includes large and small sizes.
6 Data for 53 weeks.
6 Includes boys' uniform clothing.
7 Excludes separate coats.
8 Includes children's and infants'.
9 Alcoholic content limited to 3.2 percent by weight from Apr. 7 - D e c . 5, 1933.
10 Includes 1,589 thousand barrels produced prior to Apr. 7 (effective date of the
Act of Mar. 22, 1933).
11 From beginning of series through 1939, represents amount produced.
12 Beginning 1964, includes kerosene type jet fuel.
18 Tufted only.
14 Represents only reported quantities produced; not adjusted to include estimated
production for establishments not reporting.
16 For 1939-1949, excludes flakes and powders; for 1939-1942, also excludes solids.
16 Amount for sale.
17 Beginning 1959, includes Hawaii.
18 Beginning 1953, includes production by basic oxygen process, not shown separately
here.
19 Represents shipments of heavy steel structural shapes; comparable figure for
1968 is 5,557 thousand.
20 Represents shipments of steel products; comparable figure for 1968 is 91,856
thousand.
Steel
ingots
and
steel
for
castings 1
Railroad
passenger
cars
produced
Miscellaneous
Pianos
produced
1,000
"141.9
88.6
Series P 301-317.
Locomotives
produced
Miscellaneous
Year
Transportation
equipment—Con.
1,000
1890
1889
1888
1887
Miscellaneous
Organs
produced
Year
1,000
100
44
51
38
Pianos
produced
Transportation
equipment—Con.
Locomotives
produced
1,000
Year
P 293-317
Silverlead
refineries
Smelters
and
refiners
of
Missouri
lead
304
305
Zinc
refining a
Aluminum
ingots
Portland
cement
Crude
petroleum
refining
(mil.
42gal.
bbl.)
306
307
308
309
See text for exception]
Coke
Byproduct
(slot
type)
Beehive
310
311
Carbon
black
Sulfuric
acid
Phosphatic
fertilizers 4
Total
combined
nitrogen
Rayon
and
acetate
yarn,
staple
and
tow
Paper
and
paperboard
312
313
314
315
316
317
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
2,676
2,676
2,643
2,522
2,431
350
422
422
500
402
435
415
390
300
120
1,253
1,288
1,310
1,294
1,264
4,121
3,863
3,668
3,319
2,968
93,349
93,682
93,521
91,588
89,194
4,407
4,285
4,221
3,927
3,830
1,877
1,832
1,668
1,551
1,464
29,676
29,537
28,544
28,815
28,385
4,496
4,290
4,149
4,695
4,450
13,135
12,713
12,120
12,194
10,605
857
865
858
843
860
58,372
56,241
53,978
51,410
48,073
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
2,421
2,365
2,335
2,335
2,342
488
488
488
488
488
120
120
120
120
120
1,278
1,267
1,252
1,203
1,199
2,795
2,553
2,509
2,489
2,484
88,664
88,451
86,757
81,878
80,265
3,933
3,801
3,693
3,682
3 , 6 5 4 "~78~877
1,467
1,327
1,282
1,287
1,264
24,857
22,924
20,936
19,701
17,848
3,834
3,482
3,231
2,823
2,743
8,869
7,634
6,693
5,810
5,207
855
818
747
727
711
46,250
44,671
43,423
42,800
41,334
4^616
See footnotes at end of table.
697
P 301-317
MANUFACTURES
Series P 301-317.
Total Production Capacity of Selected Manufacturing Industries: 1887 to 1970—Con.
[In thousands of short tons unless otherwise stated]
Lead refining
Year
Blast
furnaces
(Pig
iron)
Steel
ingots
and
steel
for
castings 1
Copper
refining *
301
302
303
Silverlead
refineries
Smelters
and
refiners
of
Missouri
lead
304
305
Zinc
refining 3
Aluminum
ingots
Portland
cement
Crude
petroleum
refining
(mil.
42gal.
bbl.)
306
307
308
309
Coke
Byproduct
(slot
type)
Beehive
310
311
Carbon
black
Sulfuric
acid
Phosphatic
fertilizers 4
Total
combined
nitrogen
Rayon
and
acetate
yarn,
staple
and
tow
312
313
314
315
316
Paper
and
paperboard
317
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
96,521
94,635
91.000
86,818
86,485
148,571
147,634
140,743
133,459
128,363
2,332
2,309
2,109
2,064
2,064
488
488
660
560
628
248
248
248
258
268
1,191
1,176
1,173
1,159
1,161
2,464
2,403
2,230
1,776
1,689
'77,906
74,596
70,385
64,699
58,562
>3,624
3,684
3,434
3,330
3,159
81,448
82,498
80,299
79,965
79,676
4,369
5,020
5,603
5,766
6,285
1,174
1,051
1,028
1,085
1,016
17,883
17,609
15,950
19,600
18,600
2,672
2.641
2,423
4,550
4,590
4,818
4,520
3,879
3,711
3,631
734 * 4 0 , 2 3 2
732
38,641
709
37,351
768
35,021
750
33,169
1955
1954
1953
1962
1951
83,971
82.001
79,380
73,782
72,472
126,828
124,330
117,547
108,588
104,230
1,862
1,896
1,647
1,599
1,599
628
628
628
628
628
258
258
242
238
238
1,110
1,094
1,014
995
966
1,388
1,311
1,142
846
750
55,324
64,050
52,624
52,156
49,712
3,074
2,923
2.788
2,684
2,642
78,596
78,258
76,428
74,228
72,488
8,078
10,073
12,005
13,859
11,572
990
966
975
1,030
942
17,440
15,970
14,560
14,220
13,410
4.642
4,329
3,720
3,432
3,349
3,194
2,474
2,002
1,955
1,593
785
826
805
745
708
30,025
29,089
27,864
26,789
26,069
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
71,660
70,542
67,439
65,709
67,341
99,983
96,121
94,233
91,241
91,891
1,557
1,647
1,557
1,585
1,720
628
628
653
663
737
238
238
238
238
238
986
974
1,000
1,000
1,100
633
679
676
762
786
48,000
47,326
46,362
45,086
45,108
2,444
2,350
2,209
2,033
1,940
73,710
74,500
72,649
71,113
71.399
8,672
9,076
8,844
8,427
8,095
744
758
736
743
668
13,000
2,896
1,565
1,389
1,389
1,394
1,384
641
587
586
511
446
25,048
23,389
22,025
20,420
20,282
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
67,314
67,921
64,1
6 4,1 88
60,607
57,775
95,505
93,854
90,589
88,887
85,158
1,720
1,596
1,663
1,561
1,549
767
767
767
767
845
246
279
(Z)
361
313
1,084
1,097
1,069
950
787
704
1,164
771
391
245
44,916
46,319
46,669
46,416
47,707
1,935
1,864
1.789
1,809
1,722
72,330
71,378
64,555
62,562
62,220
10,438
11,230
10,409
11,210
(Z)
663
472
395
330
313
10,500
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
55,724
56,326
56,782
55,657
55.854
81,619
81,829
80,186
78,148
78,164
1,572
1,642
1,642
1,642
1,613
851
861
863
809
785
317
317
317
317
333
1,313
1,346
1,413
1,368
1,379
188
131
144
133
130
48,142
48,071
47,982
48,035
49,240
1,694
1,646
1,588
1,568
1,507
62,955
61,272
62,727
62,076
62,403
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
317
313
317
317
261
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
57,0
5 7,0 98
57,243
56,511
57.949
68,979
78,452
78,128
76,767
76,898
75,328
1,624
1,624
1,612
1,612
1,630
799
896
823
781
775
333
417
417
417
417
1,489
1,489
1,458
1,424
1,447
130
132
134
132
125
49,389
50,646
51,006
51,108
50,768
1,481
1,430
1,420
1,469
1,439
62,757
63,050
62,645
63,491
61,468
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
266
240
231
227
249
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
57.855
57,382
56,596
58,701
57,288
71,042
69,584
66,960
65,344
62,925
1,528
1,520
1,620
1,490
1,375
771
711
711
407
407
437
437
437
1,491
1,575
1,697
1,692
1,625
113
100
83
82
(NA)
48,676
45,816
42,691
40,476
36,389
1,374
1,281
1,190
1,117
1,041
60,167
60,357
57,852
62,666
48,184
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
270
263
228
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
59,847
59,006
59,009
58,786
57.950
65,962
64,137
63,383
63,135
61,928
1,335
1,318
1,348
1,348
1,348
427
372
372
348
342
1,478
1,486
1,409
1,439
1,439
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
32,919
30,429
27,486
26,693
27,523
1,032
1,027
46,809
45,058
43,763
43,854
42,821
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
56,249
55,182
53,701
51,368
5
0,4 38
50,4
60,220
59,174
57,083
53,914
49,266
1,384
1,408
1,408
1,244
946
(NA)
63
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
25,209
25,869
25,709
25,132
24,402
659
473
434
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
49,734
49,723
48,448
44,454
42,678
889
884
824
747
724
45
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
21,620
21,620
20,680
21,150
18,362
644
587
581
568
17
17,578
1910
1909
1908
1907
1905
1904
1901
1900
1898
1896
1895
1894
1892
1891
1889
1887
~~34~074
36,545
27,262
23,961
26,919
23,276
18,124
16,639
13,236
10,780
8,332
7,195
5,852
38,200
33,700
25,900
21,600
18.400
49,300
61,000
53,000
55,000
55,000
16,600
15,000
12,800
10,200
8,600
56,300
57,200
57,900
58,900
59,100
(Z)
(Z)
58,200
57,100
2,291
1,327
1,191
797
455
390
1,692
380
375
370
359
342
341
341
347
357
261
1,644
300
19,260
18,830
18,755
18,492
16,891
253
220
183
163
147
16,557
16,191
15,573
14,458
13,986
105
13,888
13,728
13,728
13,972
13,643
370
81
236
212
116
66
65
13,704
12,933
12,536
12,000
11,623
55
54
10,500
9,725
8,970
8,614
8,540
1,447
7,671
7,500
7,000
6,440
1
943
5,293
3,858
336
2,782
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
NA
N o t available.
Z Less than 600 tons.
1 From open hearth, Bessemer, crucible, and electric furnaces.
3 1 9 4 4 - 1 9 7 0 includes electrolytic refining capacity plus Lake Superior and fire
refined; 1907-1943, electrolytic capacity only.
698
770
689
2,834
2,604
3 1941-1970, slab zinc; 1926-1940, distillation and electrolytic zinc; 1921-1925,
distillation zinc.
4 Available phosphoric oxide (PaO«).
5 Beginning 1960, includes Hawaii.
" Beginning 1960, includes Hawaii; includes Alaska for all years.
VALUE OF OUTPUT
P 318-331
Series P 318-374. Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials Destined for Domestic
Consumption at Current Producers' Prices, and Implicit Price Indexes for Major Commodity Groups (Shaw):
1869 to 1939
[In millions of dollars]
Perishable
Food and kindred
products
Total,
all
Year
commodities
Total
318
319
1939
193S
1937
1936
31,277.7
28,156.7
33,667.8
30,258.1
16,073.5
15,721.6
17,295.3
16,239.0
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931...
26,744.7
23,166.7
18,454.1
17,727.8
24,243.3
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
Manufactured
Nonmanufactured
320
321
Semidurable
Cigars,
cigarettes,
and
tobacco
Drug,
toilet,
and
household
preparations
Magazines,
newspapers,
misc.
paper
supplies,
etc.
322
323
324
Fuel and lighting
products
Total
Manufactured
Nonmanufactured
325
326
327
5,490.6
4,852.7
5,591.3
4,775.8
9,402.3
3,683.0
1,274.1
818.4
601.9
1,335.0
180.6
14,571.7
12,987.2
10,872.9
10,754.9
13,431.7
7,884.9
3,183.6
1,096.4
727.7
527.2
952.2
199.7
5,509.5
5,183.0
6,730.2
2,451.1
2,408.1
3,133.4
910.7
1,006.6
1,154.9
626.0
624.4
809.0
470.1
492.6
573.5
707.2
830.6
740.2
198.3
209.5
290.5
4,937.6
4,501.6
3,772.8
3,526.1
4,931.4
31,260.7
37,782.6
35,892.9
34,410.2
35,856.6
16,590.5
18,384.0
17,911.1
17,263.6
17,784.6
8,497.5
9,463.9
9,111.7
8,827.3
9,039.8
3,996.8
4,358.3
4,466.9
4,360.2
4,467.4
1,141.8
1,243.6
1,168.7
1,164.5
1,127.2
891.0
984.2
932.3
851.9
783.3
644.8
683.9
661.6
648.4
632.8
1,052.2
1,237.8
1,153.3
968.9
1,220.7
366.3
412.3
416.4
452.5
513.4
1925
1924
1923
1922..
1921
34,046.3
30,957.7
32,168.5
27,393.8
25,864.0
16,870.5
15,573.6
15,176.0
14,059.4
14,022.9
8,684.0
7,981.3
7,554.6
6,837.6
6,548.7
4,335.8
3,948.0
4,012.9
3,843.0
4,182.4
1,094.4
1,073.2
1,050.3
1,002.1
1,053.0
767.0
718.6
698.5
624.6
562.2
615.7
563.0
550.7
499.9
474.5
990.1
781.3
746.4
888.4
714.9
1920
1919 ^
1919 s
1918.
1917
1916
37,285.2
34,032.4
33,265.3
29,979.8
24,545.5
18,389.4
19,236.2
17,392.4
17,215.5
15,807.2
13,174.1
9,893.2
10,301.4
9,468.2
9,312.4
8,583.6
6,925.7
5,380.1
4,696.3
4,720.2
4,709.0
4,280.8
3,907.2
2,693.6
1,195.5
1,008.4
1,000.0
864.0
629.5
622.4
765.6
667.8
660.1
636.1
511.5
420.7
675.9
439.8
458.7
446.5
407.5
352.2
1915
1914
1913.
1912
1911
13,986.1
14,054.0
14,632.8
14,028.0
12,749.4
8,079.8
8,296.5
8,230.2
8,100.8
7,491.3
4,342.1
4,484.8
4,441.9
4,342.3
3,980.1
2,310.3
2,380.1
2,315.9
2,410.5
2,235.7
478.6
500.9
506.8
468.9
460.4
331.0
289.0
294.9
289.4
278.8
312,659.2
11,825.3
10,191.1
11,524.3
10,752.5
7,386.0
6,922.1
5,988.1
6,452.7
5,912.7
3.823.5
3,617.7
2,974.7
3,389.7
3,121.0
2,306.1
2,112.5
1,915.7
1,886.9
1,719.6
464.0
430.5
399.8
406.2
398.1
1905
1904.
1903
1902
1901
9,451.0
8,734.3
8,702.1
8,227.5
7,782.2
5,403.6
5,167.7
5,012.7
4,764.7
4,620.5
2,856.7
2,601.5
2,516.7
2,403.1
2,365.0
1,540.0
1,614.9
1,518.9
1,519.3
1,420.9
1900
1899
1898.
1897
1896
7,120.8
6,586.2
5,708.0
5,376.1
5,003.4
4,100.8
3,820.9
3,431.7
3,222.6
2,944.0
2,083.9
1,955.5
1,707.9
1,633.7
1,436.2
1895.
1894
1893.. . .
1892
1891
5,227.2
4,752.3
5,500.4
5,331.3
5,284.3
3,119.1
2,916.3
3,314,4
2,908.8
2,964.9
5,002.2
5,080.4
3,441.7
2,813.3
2,705.3
2,905.7
1,996.1
1,594.2
1910
1909
1908.
1907
1906
—
_
1890
1889
1879
1869.
Dry
goods
and
notions
Clothing
and
personal
furnishings
and
other
footwear
Housefurnishrngs
328
329
330
331
712.9
3,258.6
828.3
576.0
3,039.1
693.4
273.7
390.4
317.5
>459.4
2,274.6
2,183.4
3,087.9
597.3
546.3
705.1
218.2
187.5
256.6
6,069.4
7,458.3
7,383.2
7,390.7
7,296.6
574.4
791.0
769.1
798.6
803.5
8,767.8
4,616.4
4,385.6
4,360.2
4,186.6
860.3
1,081.9
1,074.9
1,077.6
1,073.9
347.8
416.6
401.5
396.9
438.1
383.5
608.2
562.7
363.9
487.3
7,134.0
6,401.4
7,230.3
6,313.9
5,631.7
816.0
700.7
861.9
681.5
607.4
4,149.2
3,743.9
4,347.4
3,865.4
3,345.3
1,044.8
1,061.7
1,128.2
993.0
953.5
404.8
358.4
377.3
307.1
277.9
1,044.8
668.4
630.7
580.7
425.7
262.6
566.8
419.5
444.5
416.5
366.9
261.7
7,872.8
7,019.9
6,770.2
6,076.1
4,790.6
3,573.7
903.6
806.5
890.9
854.8
620.3
461.6
4,382.8
3,932.9
3,817.9
3,361.1
2,622.7
2,025.3
1,368.2
1,264.2
1,187.6
1,043.2
863.4
705.5
390.5
324.0
212.0
199.9
156.7
112.2
255.6
264.4
243.9
233.6
211.3
141.7
160.4
191.3
142.0
119.1
220.5
226.9
235.3
214.0
205.9
2,635.7
2,709.5
2,900.2
2,754.4
2,571.4
317.0
337.8
348.6
363.2
326.3
1,533.9
1,598.1
1,721.6
1,656.7
1,660.0
520.6
523.8
583.8
531.4
500.8
85.8
90.0
95.5
85.6
80.0
266.8
250.3
234.1
249.3
225.4
209.9
210.6
156.8
196.7
184.3
121.0
124.7
125.8
128.5
102.9
194.8
175.8
181.3
196.5
161.3
2,417.3
2,447.0
2,155.6
2,310.1
2,244.2
349.5
368.0
295.5
375.5
348.2
1,408.3
1,459.7
1,287.0
1,335.4
1,314.7
486.0
467.9
452.1
454.4
448.9
83.0
75.0
60.1
68.2
69.6
357.2
339.2
346.0
325.1
327.9
215.8
182.3
183.1
174.0
155.2
172.5
159.7
154.2
151.3
134.9
94.4
109.2
111.5
89.7
84.7
167.0
160.8
182.3
102.2
132.0
1,925.3
1,746.5
1,734.7
1,613.8
1,528.5
318.3
285.1
302.1
298.7
271.1
1,099.7
992.6
981.8
892.8
837.9
395.9
368.9
352.5
325.9
327.4
55.7
52.9
53.9
53.2
49.4
1,249.1
1,160.9
1,121.4
1,032.1
927.5
304.0
267.4
226.9
197.3
193.0
136.2
134.6
122.4
115.6
112.7
122.3
113.0
103.2
92.6
90.0
100.3
87.7
63.9
62.4
92.8
105.0
101.8
86.0
89.0
91.9
1,465.7
1,374.4
1,175.8
1,154.0
1,064.6
271.9
255.8
227.4
232.3
215.5
817.4
743.7
608.2
596.8
549.5
289.8
292.9
261.9
246.3
228.9
49.8
42.5
35.9
35.7
35.5
1,443.7
1,337.9
1,555.3
1,251.4
1,308.5
1,079.0
1,012.3
1,182.7
1,062.3
1,079.2
202.4
218.1
218.5
230.5
226.6
111.3
102.9
104.9
104.7
97.9
94.1
92.9
98.3
109.3
101.2
95.8
61.9
54.0
52.1
62.7
92.9
90.3
100.7
98.5
88.9
1,114.7
970.9
1,124.2
1,255.8
1,196.9
265.7
209.9
259.4
297.2
289.3
542.2
478.1
566.9
632.8
603.3
236.0
228.0
233.6
268.8
244.2
36.4
32.4
35.9
37.0
35.3
1,155.5
1,434.3
962.9
673.1
991.4
956.6
716.5
699.1
215.4
202.6
119.7
74.7
90.1
81.6
40.4
37.7
97.3
93.9
61.5
30.6
75.4
59.5
39.7
29.4
80.2
77.2
55.5
49.7
1,196.0
1,132.9
828.2
665.4
299.6
281.7
263.1
224.5
588.8
560.8
358.2
229.8
249.8
236.1
173.7
185.3
34.5
32.1
16.2
12.8
340.1
See footnotes at end of table.
699
MANUFACTURES
P 332-345
Series P 318-374. Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials Destined for Domestic
Consumption at Current Producers' Prices, and Implicit Price Indexes for Major Commodity Groups (Shaw):
1869 to 1939—Con.
[In millions of dollars]
Consumer durable
Semidurable—Con.
Year
Toys,
games,
and
sporting
goods
1939 _
1938.
1937.
1936.
Heating
and
cooking
apparatus,
etc.
Electrical
household
appliances
and
supplies
Radios
Housefurnishings
China
and
household
utensils
Jewelry,
silverware,
clocks,
and
watches
Printing
and
publishing
books
Luggage
343
344
Tires
and
tubes
Total
Housebold
furniture
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
478.7
341.0
332.6
218.0
640.9
241.6
52.0
272.6
161.6
4,973.1
3,747.3
5.742.1
6,168.0
Musical
instruments
190.2
261.2
1935.
1934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
140.3
215.1
237.5
31.5
189.5
131.1
196.7
194.5
273.4
4.256.8
3.307.2
2.321.3
2.047.4
3.251.9
323.7
95.8
96.9
149.1
226.9
205.4
333.2
147.1
123.0
206.2
110.3
82.2
144.4
98.0
94.2
154.7
311.6
252.0
373.6
150.4
138.9
185.9
24.1
35.0
48.7
116.0
108.5
178.8
92.1
102.9
141.5
19.1
18.4
29.4
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
182.2
214.6
200.9
182.5
177.2
336.9
437.8
551.0
574.9
616.3
4.272.6
6.312.0
5.936.1
5.435.8
6,109.0
441.4
600.4
629.3
625.5
638.2
254.2
347.3
314.2
339.4
364.3
160.0
230.6
366.0
298.7
181.5
206.7
402.7
643.3
627.5
584.7
591.6
196.4
274.0
275.7
229.3
271.6
103.4
1-11.9
148.6
176.2
189.3
263.8
402.7
396.3
387.6
398.9
174.3
192.3
179.7
172.1
155.4
44.5
70.3
67.9
65.9
66.4
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
164.2
154.6
167.1
131.1
124.1
555.1
382.0
348.3
336.8
323.5
5.785.7
5,034.3
5.366.7
4.056.5
3,270.3
622.9
614.0
578.9
501.1
466.6
346.1
322.2
322.0
239.2
186.5
106.3
83.4
76.3
58.6
63.2
168.2
139.3
50.3
26.9
604.0
547.1
600.0
470.0
374.6
240.1
181.5
239.0
167.7
166.8
173.6
178.5
215.1
187.7
166.4
384.3
363.9
388.1
327.0
263.1
149.8
145.0
130.7
124.9
122.0
66.4
57.8
69.2
52.6
51.0
1920..
1919 «_
1919 2 .
1918...
1917..
1916...
148.8
155.8
146.4
125.8
198.5
113.0
678.9
546.6
515.4
491.3
329.1
156.1
4.899.3
4.075.6
3.921.2
2.646.9
2.799.0
2.396.1
620.5
509.0
494.7
329.0
300.6
271.7
345.6
242.5
263.5
216.8
194.2
142.5
82.8
17.0
14.3
574.8
430.2
375.2
320.1
265.7
201.7
230.1
197.6
221.7
160.9
264.2
242.0
248.3
144.2
134.7
116.2
383.2
427.8
409.7
194.9
219.2
221.7
140.0
128.2
127.4
99.2
89.8
76.7
78.2
70.4
64.2
52.2
36.7
39.6
1915.
1914..
1913.
1912.
1911-
73.5
67.1
64.0
59.3
58.7
104.9
92.7
119.4
110.5
124.9
131.5
104.1
181.4
190.7
209.3
199.1
187.5
126.1
125.9
130.2
122.4
116.7
90.2
91.6
104.4
95.2
81.3
144.1
154.6
196.0
190.9
186.1
73.3
26.9
58.3
45.5
212.3
222.5
236.7
220.5
204.1
23.7
86.6
1.700.2
1.570.4
1.675.1
1.538.4
1.339.2
77.8
66.3
69.1
34.0
33.9
36.1
1910.
1909.
1908.
1907.
1906.
54.4
62.9
43.3
60.9
50.4
36.0
23.4
17.5
15.6
12.5
1,331.6
1.212.8
1,011.0
1,178.1
1.129.5
202.4
192.0
152.6
186.1
190.3
97.3
93.8
84.2
16.3
103.4
101.2
10.2
8.0
195.7
184.2
147.1
182.8
185.8
114.1
102.9
93.6
120.7
77.6
76.8
63.0
87.8
81.2
186.1
175.9
128.6
180.9
174.0
60.3
62.9
53.8
56.8
65.9
32.8
28.5
23.6
27.7
23.9
1905.
1904.
1903.
1902.
1901.
46.3
41.3
40.1
37.8
36.5
9.3
5.7
4.3
5.5
954.8
826.9
825.7
786.3
718.9
160.8
142.4
139.2
129.4
118.7
85.8
73.6
78.8
78.6
70.7
4.7
3.3
3.8
3.2
156.7
146.2
152.5
146.8
128.8
108.7
91.7
90.8
78.5
73.5
71.1
57.7
65.1
57.2
48.8
144.1
120.9
120.5
117.0
103.6
56.7
53.6
51.5
49.2
47.4
20.1
1900.
1899.
1898.
1897.
1896.
29.0
27.0
23.4
24.8
25.4
7.8
12.7
19.0
668.7
634.3
528.9
506.5
475.2
106.9
104.1
89.4
88.4
90.2
61.9
59.2
46.3
60.7
45.6
2.4
1.9
126.8
69.5
60.9
52.0
51.0
51.0
42.4
34.2
27.8
24.5
22.8
100.0
97.1
74.0
63.6
58.5
44.3
45.0
40.8
33.7
34.6
12.0
12.6
1895.
1894.
1893.
1892.
1891.
26.4
22.4
28.4
25.0
24.8
7.9
497.7
429.3
496.3
579.3
556.8
94.0
82.4
115.0
100.5
35.5
31.0
35.3
38.9
39.1
102.6
100.2
45.9
39.3
43.5
52.9
51.7
27.9
19.9
23.2
34.6
33.0
69.2
58.3
71.7
90.3
86.7
35.6
28.4
34.3
34.9
33.4
1890.
1889.
1879 _
1869 _
23.3
22.3
17.0
13.0
538.7
499.2
304.3
262.7
95.3
93.4
65.2
58.5
37.9
38.9
23.0
26.4
103.9
97.6
56.7
40.1
49.3
46.4
31.2
32.9
28.2
14.3
90.2
74.6
43.3
41.6
33.9
34.7
19.1
8.4
See footnotes at end of table.
700
6.2
18.1
9.8
167.4
176.7
152.7
146.3
137.5
65.1
84.5
67.5
58.8
41.2
18.8
22.2
19.7
15.7
11.8
7.7
2.6
12.2
288.6
234.9
115.6
95.4
96.0
90.6
88.9
100.1
112.6
114.9
122.6
26.0
10.8
68.1
42.5
26.6
18.9
15.8
14.9
13.1
8.8
8.8
9.2
8.9
11.1
12.9
15.6
13.9
13.4
10.7
7.1
7.7
VALUE OF OUTPUT
P 346-359
Series P 318-374. Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials Destined for Domestic
Consumption at Current Producers' Prices, and Implicit Price Indexes for Major Commodity Groups (Shaw):
1869 to 1939—Con.
[In millions of dollars]
Producer durable
Consumer durable—Con.
Year
Motor
vehicle
accessories
Passenger
vehicles
(horse
drawn)
and
accessories
Motorcycles
and
bicycles
346
347
348
1939.
1938
1937
1936
1935. _ .
1934
1933
1932
1931
1930
1929___
1928_
1927
1926
Monuments
and
tombstones
349
350
351
Tractors
Electrical
equipment,
industrial
and
commercial
Farm
equip
ment
354
355
1,883.7
223.7
1,126.0
577.1
525.8
938.2
Total
Industrial
machinery
and
equipment
352
353
4.740.5
3,835.1
5,039.1
4,085.3
Office
and
store
machinery
and
equipment
Office
and
store
furniture
and
fixtures
Locomotive
and
railroad
cars
356
357
358
359
673.8
668 5
204 9
176.8
119 1
133.3
361.2
345.3
140 6
111.1
33 0
12.6
15 8
19.6
200.9
215.5
499.5
78 8
70 9
163 4
78 8
78 5
116
fi
70.3
74.9
151.7
13 6
37 0
78 0
338
386
356
340 4
355 4
165 3
217 8
213
201 9
200 1
203.5
288.7
245.8
249.0
242.3
352 7
347
245 1
318
399 3
196 4
179.2
182
132 4
114.0
236.1
229.5
201.3
136.8
115.5
353
481
635
265
313
6
6
135.1
100.3
86.4
65.7
61.3
51.6
563
560
460
734
610
363
3
7
9
0
6
4
594.6
30.8
25.4
70 9
26 0
_ _ _ _ _ _
463.6
16 8
14.1
50 1
21.3
__
_ _ _ _ _
228.2
211.9
273.1
7 5
4
7 7
fi
4.8
9.3
16.8
39 1
32.0
40 3
20 8
25.7
43
2.978.6
2,370.7
1,487.1
1,399.4
2,628.3
_ __ _
_ _ __
_ _ _ _ _
326.1
407.6
411.7
419.8
440.2
9
10
12
10
11
2
6
n
1
9
24.6
26.2
17.4
17.8
22.4
48
52
48
49
46
54
63
61
61
63
n
9
8
4,328.2
5,628.4
4,662.5
4,320.2
4,667.5
1,457.8
2,017.2
1,644.1
1,476.0
1,606.8
95
121
104
91
87
4
8
1
3
4
722.2
1,000.1
895.0
741.2
776.4
444.3
337.2
355.8
243.4
169.5
11.3
13 0
16 3
8 9
10 9.
15.0
14.0
12.1
6.2
9.4
46 6
48
58 5
48
46
fi
fi
fi
66 8
66 4
65
47
46 9
fi
fi
4,256.0
3,948.5
4,395.5
2.964.0
2.939.1
1,486.4
1.303.8
1.510.9
1,085.2
922.8
70
52
63
43
49
3
1
5
4
666.2
655.0
598.1
415.8
406.6
306
265
315
160
248
14.7
13.9
5.1
1.5
3.3
4.0
67
58
45
71
36
23
8
82
73
73
50
42
37
3
4
4
0
3
9
5,277.0
5,544.5
5,358.4
5,449.7
3,781.8
2.526.3
1,635.8
1,434.3
1,440.5
1,575.8
1,358.1
906.0
197 4
171.6
152
136
50 7
25 8
557.9
460.8
365.7
339.9
325.2
253.9
270
394
343
301
250
237
1
160
156.4
125 4
157 8
140 5
98 8
7
7
4
1
160.2
147.0
177.1
162.1
133.5
205 1
187 8
202.4
187 3
168.2
63.0
50 9
55 4
50 2
43 8
43.3
50.8
54.3
54.3
48.7
142
203 9.
422
303 4
161 7
50.1
48.6
40.4
49.1
50.7
203
127
137
351
299
43.1
38.2
214 3
162 7
1925.
1924__
1923.
1922.
1921. _ _
1920.
1919
1919
1918
1917
1916_
Pleasure
craft
Ophthalmic
products
and
artificial
limbs
_„
___
_
__ _
_
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1915. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1914.
_
1913.
1912
1911
1910
1909.
1908.
1907
1906
313.4
282.6
168.0
85.8
120.5
104.0
26.4
35.3
38.8
31.0
20 8
24
19.0
18 9
16.7
16 3
61.0
49.9
46.1
39.3
26.3
30.5
35.6
40.1
41.6
45.9
13
16
21
12
9
3
2
9
26.9
21.1
17.3
11.3
7.8
53.3
49.8
48.8
63.8
62.4
7
5
4
6
4
4.3
2.5
61.2
57.8
_._
_ _
_ _
_
19051904. _ _ _ _
-
ft
fi
3
1
7
7
6
9
n
1
5
9
9
fi
fi
fi
fi
4
3
6
9
5
9
4.4
4.3
3.4
6.1
4.3
10
10
9
9
7
42
38
40
38
34
6
4
9
a
5
si,524.2
1.243.4
1.036.5
1,583.5
1,466.1
512.4
446.9
331.2
510.9
504.6
144.4
111.2
83.2
127.5
119.9
170.6
166 5
137 7
161
160
48.4
40 1
27 9
42 7
38 8
5 4
2 5
3.8
3.1
28 7
25 7
1,167.3
993.2
404.7
327.1
84.9
75.9
130 2
125 2
28
20 3
ft
7
5
3
4
9
7 1
5 6
22
16
4
8
348
349
350
351
1895
1894
1893 __
1892
1891_ _
1890_
1889
1879 _
1869
__
._
fi
10
18
27
27
14
45
50
58
63
62
2
9
14 1
60
54
35
35
4
0
1
7
5
9
3
5
9
8
0
9
fi
3
4
1 9
Total
352
3 6
3 5
3 7
5 8
5 7
5 2
25 9
27 9
23 2
1,129.0
1,062.7
914.3
2
2
1
1
1
7
1
4
2
2
4
4
4
4
3
7
8
3
0
8
18
20
17
16
13
4
3
5
6
4
1 3
1 0
1 4
1
1
3
3
3
3
2
7
3
8
8
9
9
9
13
14
11
16
16
1
1 5
9
2.6
2 3
8
4
17
15
7
6
fi
fi
fi
fi
9,
fi
fi
ft
fi
fi
1
1
fi
?.
fi
3
0
1
2
4
Producer durable—Con.
347
1
ft
ft
Monuments
and
tombstones
50
53
43
40
39
fi
536.8
460.2
543.4
517.1
476.6
Ophthal
mic
products
and
artificial
limbs
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896—
fi
6
8
8
1.570.4
1,477.6
1.827.3
1.634.5
1.347.6
Pleasure
craft
4 2
6 4
7 7
ft
37 5
41
42 1
40 3
42.4
Motorcycles
and
bicycles
56 7
58 8
64 1
fi
9
5
7
1
20 2
15 6
12 3
10 6
10.9
Passenger
vehicles
(horse
drawn)
and
accessories
1903
1902___
1901
fi
3.4
3.6
4.1
3.9
4.3
Consumer durable—Con.
Year
fi
fi
fi
Industrial
machinery
and
equipment
Electrical
equipment,
industrial
and
commer
cial
Farm
equipment
Office
and
store
machinery
and
equipment
Office
and
store
furniture
and
fixtures
Locomotive
and
railroad
cars
353
355
356
357
358
359
405 9
371 3
330 3
91 9
80 6
68 5
120.2
152.9
110 4
23 9
21 9
18 9
37.8
33.6
30.2
194.6
157.8
127.4
895.6
756.6
571.6
492.9
519.6
347
267
194
182
209
9
3
8
68
56
34
24
20
2
1
3
4
5
100.6
99.4
85 6
58 4
46 6
19
14
10
9
11
7
3
6
7
6
27.2
24.2
21.4
21.8
22.fi
130.0
114.1
82.1
67.7
75.2
193 1
157 7
184 9
196
185
20
15
16
22
23
0
8
fi
7
495.7
435.7
565.5
587.4
565.7
59 3
58 7
71 9
75
75 3
10 7
8 6
9
9 8
9
fi
ft
23.7
21.2
26.1
30.1
26.8
53.7
47.4
104.1
90.9
87.6
3
2
5
6
562.2
542.6
313.1
291.0
185
184
98
110 4
21 8
13 1
1 9
7
2
6
1
25.8
25.6
15.9
13.6
81.5
87.3
36.3
40.8
fi
6
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
7
7
ft
89
83 9
67 3
50 0
8
8
3
3
See footnotes at end of table.
701
P 360-374
MANUFACTURES
Series P 318-374. Value of Output of Finished Commodities and Construction Materials Destined for Domestic
Consumption at Current Producers' Prices, and Implicit Price Indexes for Major Commodity Groups (Shaw):
1869 to 1939—Con.
[In millions of dollars]
Construction materials
Producer durable—Con.
Implicit price index (1913 = 100)
Ships
and
boats
Business
vehicles,
motor
Business
vehicles,
horsedrawn
Aircraft
Professional
and
scientific
equipment
Carpenters'
and mechanics'
tools
Misc.
subsidiary
durable
equipment
Total
Manufactured
Nonmanufactured
Perishable
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
128.6
496.6
48.4
49.8
95.3
269.9
48.2
359.3
19.1
5.4
66.3
198.8
30.4
49.7
82.0
159.0
125.5
247.0
16.5
14.1
30.0
32.0
31.7
48.6
49.1
31.0
53.9
94.9
78.2
60.4
70.8
86.5
373.0
510.8
318.3
302.3
377.2
28.8
91.6
109.6
92.1
87.7
86.5
65.7
67.4
73.1
93.6
272.7
389.6
323.4
321.8
237.2
170.4
10.5
10.9
11.5
74.9
1,381.3
1,389.5
805.3
243.8
103.7
808.1
332.9
344.3
344.0
417.0
189.1
111.6
66.8
68.6
66.0
51.1
19.4
17.6
8.8
6.1
8.7
10.0
66.0
64.7
51.7
48.8
74.8
62.0
Semidurable
Consumer
durable
Producer
durable
372
373
3.701.6
3,159.0
3.945.8
3,331.5
<110.6
<114.6
126.4
<123.1
<122.7
132.6
<92.1
<92.8
91.9
•90.8
5110.4
<112.8
112.1
129.0
199.9
122.4
<107.8
95.0
96.7
114.1
119.2
168.1
2.375.0
1.909.9
1.536.1
1.362.7
2.552.1
93.6
<98.5
96.8
98.0
99.8
99.6
<107.6
104.6
112.9
117.2
99.8
124.6
131.6
104.2
110.2
304.7
369.7
304.9
318.4
321.9
3.779.8
5,007.5
4.793.8
4.845.2
6,111.5
135.1
147.4
150.0
146.9
154.3
122.0
104.3
106.4
105.4
104.0
98.8
125.6
131.1
136.5
138.5
138.4
109.8
106.4
115.4
87.8
300.4
208.0
302.1
245.1
208.6
4.950.4
4.465.3
4.647.3
3.568.9
2.956.7
154.3
143.5
147.7
141.2
146.5
160.0
164.9
177.6
163.2
173.8
103.3
108.5
135.0
134.8
138.7
135.2
164.5
128.7
120.6
174.8
4,777.1
3.508.1
3.703.2
3.217.5
3.058.6
2.627.8
478.7
392.8
355.7
318.2
265.6
219.0
212.4
161.1
120.6
161.0
117.6
157.8
134.5
136.4
121.9
100.8
90.4
181.0
3,224.5
2,824.6
2,702.9
2,309.5
213.4
196.5
199.9
131.7
97.5
403.0
347.6
349.3
360.7
291.6
205.6
90.3
94.4
100.0
96.2
96.5
96.5
100.0
98.6
97.4
62.1
<122.6
<120.6
<120.6
105.0
93.6
109.2
130.7
131.7
137.4
160.4
108.2
113.4
139.8
<102.0
184.1
185.0
175.7
145.5
120.6
42.5
50.6
51.1
37.4
8.4
174.7
21.3
1.4
74.5
119.2
57.0
32.5
34.0
36.9
39.9
41.9
44.2
.6
29.4
23.7
17.7
14.2
13.4
57.0
49.6
53.6
48.6
41.9
140.6
171.0
161.7
152.8
147.1
2.010.7
2.043.8
2.384.4
2,154.1
1,942.8
1,732.9
1,758.7
2,083.2
1,854.9
1,655.4
277.8
285.2
301.2
299.2
287.4
95.8
106.4
100.3
100.0
97.6
99.1
49.1
47.7
35.7
52.7
43.4
151.6
164.6
157.4
157.9
135.2
2,049.7
1.992.5
1,820.1
2.111.5
1,911.1
1,728.0
1,686.7
1,513.9
1,770.1
1,622.8
321.7
305.8
306.3
341.4
288.3
100.0
96.9
92.3
89.7
84.9
100.9
99.3
96.0
102.6
98.2
93.5
90.4
96.6
97.7
89.1
95.3
94.3
89.3
93.6
90.6
89.7
.2
.2
210.6
182.8
103.7
101.4
206.2
43.5
47.6
44.4
42.7
36.2
47.1
49.9
25.9
40.8
38.2
34.4
66.3
54.8
12.5
7.3
3.5
2.3
48.3
43.0
40.2
49.5
46.2
12.6
55.6
53.6
61.3
1.5
1.4
43.1
38.9
37.6
37.9
40.2
8.2
6.4
7.8
7.5
115.6
108.7
110.4
102.8
89.5
1.578.1
1.394.3
1.447.4
1.493.6
1,306.3
1,334.0
1,167.3
1,218.9
1,270.6
1,119.2
244.1
227.0
228.4
223.0
187.1
86.9
85.5
83.3
84.1
79.6
90.5
6.0
37.9
34.7
37.7
35.7
29.2
83.5
81.9
85.3
83.5
82.7
79.9
77.6
46.9
36.1
24.4
20.7
5.3
4.0
3.2
2.7
3.2
26.9
24.5
19.8
16.8
18.6
91.8
83.9
69.4
64.2
67.9
1.222.7
1,006.3
937.8
963.4
880.3
1,046.8
855.7
795.8
821.0
751.4
175.8
150.6
141.9
142.4
128.9
80.2
75.4
74.9
72.0
70.9
86.7
81.0
77.3
75.5
75.5
77.0
70.0
67.5
63.0
63.8
90.0
20.8
31.4
32.5
25.9
24.2
23.0
22.7
17.8
23.9
24.9
26.9
26.7
28.4
32.1
34.1
33.5
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.2
19.1
22.5
24.6
24.7
64.8
61.0
71.7
74.9
69.5
1.033.2
1,004.1
1.074.3
1.335.5
1,076.0
881.2
867.0
933.1
1,164.8
940.0
152.0
137.1
141.3
170.7
136.0
75.0
76.3
84.7
79.8
84.8
77.1
80.5
90.5
92.6
92.6
67.4
72.3
74.8
79.2
82.1
72.2
78.2
78.4
80.0
24.6
24.7
19.4
11.5
32.0
28.4
18.0
3.2
2.9
1.6
1.6
66.5
63.3
37.1
31.4
1,216.5
838.9
444.2
377.4
1,070.5
712.2
365.9
324.8
146.1
126.7
78.3
52.6
86.1
88.3
86.6
141.2
94.9
95.6
60.8
64.7
1.8
18.1
.3
12.4
8.0
11.8
10.7
16.6
23.6
20.8
13.4
10.5
1 Does not agree with source, which is in error.
2 Shaw's estimates for 1869-1919; Kuznets' estimates adjusted by Shaw for 19191939. See source, p. 104, for explanation.
* Agrees with source; however, figures for components do not add to total shown.
< Indexes derived by weighting the individual group indexes by the average current
702
100.0
102.8
86.0
86.0
102.2
158.5
66.2
81.9
83.2
119.4
88.8
86.2
89.7
88.9
88.1
82.5
75.9
66.1
81.1
87.7
88.2
95.4
163.8
price estimates for 1933, 1935, and 1937. The composite indexes thus calculated
were used to interpolate and extrapolate the implicit indexes for 1933, 1935, and
1937.
* Based on the movement of the N B E R price index for processed capital equipment goods.
Chapter Q
Transportation
Highway Transportation (Series Q 1-263)
Q 1-263.
General note.
In 1894, the Federal Government created an Office of Road Inquiry
to initiate experiments and conduct inquiries concerning the best
methods of road building. It was succeeded by the Office of Public
Roads and Rural Engineering in 1916 and by the Bureau of Public
Roads in 1918 (the latter was called the Public Roads Administration
during 1939-1949j. The bureau was transferred to the Department
of Transportation in 1966 and its functions assigned to the Federal
Highway Administration. Surveys of highway mileage, revenues,
and expenditures were made in 1904, 1909, and 1914.
In 1916, Congress passed the first of the many Federal-aid highway
acts, under which the Federal Government has contributed to the
cost of constructing highways designated as parts of the Federal-aid
system. The Federal Highway Administration administers Federal
legislation providing for the improvement, in cooperation with the
States, of roads on the Federal-aid primary, secondary, and interstate
highway systems. As the principal road-building agency of the
Federal Government, it also cooperates with the Forest Service, the
National Park Service, and other Federal agencies in the construction
of roads in national forests, parks, and other areas.
The principal sources (1973) of data on public roads and on ownership and operation of motor vehicles is the Federal Highway Administration's annual Highway Statistics and its Highway Statistics,
Summary to 1965. Another major source of data is the Interstate
Commerce Commission. Among its publications are the monthly
Transport Economics and the Annual Report, containing data on all
types of domestic transport and the annual Transport Statistics in the
United States.
Various censuses conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census
also provide data relating to transportation. Reports of the census
of manufactures and the census of business and the Annual Survey
of Manufacture present statistics on the motor vehicle and equipment
industry and on retail, wholesale, and services aspects of this industry.
Q 1—11. Volume of domestic intercity passenger traffic, by type of
transport, 1950-1970.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Annual Report and
Transport Economics, various issues.
Q 12-22. Volume of domestic intercity freight traffic, by type of
transport, 1939-1970.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1939-1959, Intercity Ton-Miles, 1939-1959, Statement No. 6103; 1960-1970, Annual
Report and Transport Economics, various issues.
This study is intended to show, on as nearly comparable a base as
possible, the intercity ton-miles by the various means of transport.
Information sufficient in quantity and accuracy is not available to
cover all modes of transport on a comparable basis before 1939.
Estimates of intercity ton-miles for a period from sometime before
1939 through part of World War II are contained in the Bureau of
Transport Economics and Statistics release, Postwar Traffic Levels,
Statement No. 4440, issued in 1944. These estimates, however, are
not on bases comparable with those in the 1939-1959 series.
A ton, as used here, is 2,000 pounds; and a mile is 5,280 feet. A
ton-mile is a ton of freight carried one mile. These definitions apply
to all means of transport covered. T o this extent, all figures presented
here are comparable. Further, as far as possible, local switching,
local delivery, lighterage, and rural to rural movements have been
eliminated to confine operations to intercity only.
Q 23-35.
Operating revenues, by type of transport, 1936-1970.
Source: Except for series Q 28, U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1936-1956, Statistics of Class I, II, and III Motor Carriers,
1939-1956, Statement No. 589; 1957-1970, Annual Report and Transport Economics, various issues, and unpublished data. Series Q 28,
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook
of Aviation, various editions.
Q 36-46.
Employment in selected types of transportation, 1947-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings,
United States, 1909-72, Bulletin 1312-9, pp. 526-532.
Q 36, total. Represents about 80 percent of all employment in
transportation. Data for types of transportation other than those
shown here are available in the source only for shorter and current
periods.
Q 47-49.
Indexes of transportation output, 1889-1966.
Source: 1889-1946, National Bureau of Economic Research, New
York, Harold Barger, The Transportation Industries, 1889 to 19i6
(copyright); 1947-1966, estimates by John W. Kendrick, George
Washington University.
Sources of figures and methods of computation are described in
Barger's book. The components of passenger traffic, series Q 48,
are airlines, intercity buslines, waterways, and steam railroads. For
freight traffic, series Q 49, the components are motor trucking, pipelines, waterways, and steam railroads.
Q 50-55.
Mileage of rural roads and municipal streets, 1904-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Public Roads, 1904-1920, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1955. U.S. Federal Highway Administration,
1921-1965, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965; 1966-1970, Highway
Statistics, annual issues.
Rural roads are defined roughly as those roads located outside of
incorporated communities or delimited places generally having more
than 1,000 inhabitants. Estimates for earlier years for total mileage
of rural roads are (in thousands of miles): 1904, 2,151; 1909, 2,200;
1914, 2,446.
Municipal and other mileage figures for 1934 and 1935 represent
only mileage on municipal extensions of State systems, which are
State administered. Mileage not on State or county systems was
initially included in 1936 (67,000 miles). Mileage on local city streets
was first included in 1941 (274,000 miles for that year). Municipal
extensions are continuations of State System roads through communities with more than 1,000 inhabitants. Although mileage in
places having more than 2,500 inhabitants was not originally included
in Federal-aid programs, those places have been eligible for such aid
in more recent years.
703
Q 56-135
Q 56-58.
TRANSPORTATION
Surfaced mileage, 1904-1970.
Source: 1904-1940, see first source for series Q 50-55; 1941-1970,
see other sources for series Q 50-55.
High-type surfaced roads include bituminous penetration, sheet
asphalt, bituminous concrete, portland cement concrete, vitrified
brick, and block pavements of asphalt, wood, and stone. For some
years, they also include dual-type surfaces and a small amount of unclassified mileage. Low-type surfaced roads include sand, clay,
selected soil, untreated gravel, bituminous surface-treated, mixed
bituminous and treated gravel, chert, shale, waterbound macadam.
Q 59-63.
Mileage built by State highway departments, 1923-1970.
Source: 1920-1933, see first source for series Q 50-55; 1934-1970,
see other sources for series Q 50-55.
Mileage built is mileage on which construction work creates a
newly located road or is regarded as significantly improving the condition of an existing road. It does not include work designed to
maintain or restore the condition of an existing road without material
betterment. Mileage resurfaced or rebuilt to higher standards is
the bulk of mileage built. Construction of earth roads consists of
aligning, grading, and draining. See also text for series Q 56-58.
Q 64-68. Mileage and cost of Federal-aid highway systems, 19171970.
Source: Series Q 64, U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 19231965, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965; 1966-1970, Highway
Statistics, annual issues. Series Q 65-68, U.S. Bureau of Public Roads,
1917-1955, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1955; 1956-1965, Highway
Statistics, annual issues; 1966-1970, see source for series Q 64.
In 1912, the Congress authorized $500,000 for an experimental
program of rural post-road construction. However, it was not until
the Federal-Aid Road Act of 1916 that the present cooperative
Federal-State highway program was established on a continuing basis.
In order to accelerate the improvement of the main traveled roads,
Congress in 1921 authorized designation of a system of principal
interstate and intercounty roads, limited to 7 percent of the total
rural mileage then existing. The use of Federal aid was restricted
to this system, and to rural mileage only.
Urban highway improvement first came in for its share of the
Federal-State program when the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944
specifically authorized the use of funds for Federal-aid highways in
urban areas. In addition, the Act provided for the designation of a
Federal-aid secondary system and a National System of Interstate
Highways. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 provided substantially increased sums for the Federal-aid primary and secondary
systems for a 3-year period, and established a long-range plan for
financing accelerated completion of the 41,000-mile interstate system.
Federal funds are available for expenditure only on the designated
Federal-aid systems and, in general, must be matched by an equal
amount of State funds. However, under the Federal-aid Act of
1954 the Federal share for the Interstate System was raised to 60
percent, and under the 1956 Act the proportion was increased to 90
percent. Federal aid may not be expended for maintenance. The
cost of most Federal-aid projects is paid initially out of State highway
funds, or in some'cases by counties or other local governments. The
Federal share is paid as reimbursement to the States as work progresses, with final payment made after completion.
Federal authorizations have usually been made on a biennial basis
and apportioned among the States for use within a 3-year period.
Figures for State funds shown here are based on legal matching ratios
determined by applicable Federal-aid acts. In States having public
lands in excess of 5 percent of their total area, the Federal share is
proportionally increased.
Q 69-81. Class I intercity motor carriers of passengers and property,
1939-1970.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Transport Statistics in the United States, part 7, annual issues.
704
Prior to 1950, class I for-hire motor carriers were classified by the
Interstate Commerce Commission as those with $100,000 or more
of gross annual operating revenue; for 1950-1958, those having gross
operating revenue of $200,000 for a 3-year period; and, beginning
1969, those having gross operating revenue of $1,000,000 for a 3-year
period.
Q 82-96.
State highway finances, 1890-1970.
Source: 1890-1920, see first source for series Q 50-55; 1921-1970,
see other sources for series Q 50-55.
A State highway-user tax is defined as a special tax or fee (except
tolls) levied upon motor-vehicle users because of their use of the
highways. Highway-user taxes include motor-fuel taxes, motorvehicle registration and associated fees, and special taxes applicable
only to motor carriers; these taxes are separable and apart from
property, excise, business, or other taxes paid by the general public.
In many States, specific portions of the revenue from each type of
highway-user tax are allocated to particular highway purposes. A
number of States, however, place all highway-user revenue in a highway fund, and a few have a general State fund into which go all types
of revenue. For the latter group of States, each particular appropriation or expenditure for highway purposes is considered to have been
made from motor-fuel taxes, motor-vehicle registration fees, and
motor-carrier taxes in proportion to the relative amount of revenue
received from each of these three sources.
The largest share of receipts from State highway-user taxes is expended on State highways, but a portion is also allocated for local
roads and streets, and a small amount used for nonhighway purposes.
Q 97-112. Receipts and disbursements of highway funds by counties
and townships, 1921-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1921-1964, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965, tables LF-201 and LF-202; 19651970, Highway Statistics, annual issues, tables LF-1 and LF-2.
Q 113-128. Receipts and disbursements of highway funds by municipalities, 1921-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1921-1964, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965, tables UF-201 and UF-202; 19651970, Highway Statistics, annual issues, tables UF-1 and UF-2.
Q 129-135.
Highway construction—contracts awarded, 1947-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly Business
and Defense Services Administration), Construction Review, various
issues.
Highways include streets, roads, alleys, bridges, vehicular tunnels,
viaducts, sidewalks, curbs, and gutters, except when installed by
private builders as a part of land development; forest and park roads;
new culverts and extension of old culverts; right-of-way drainage,
erosion control, lighting, and guard rails; and earth-work protective
structures in connection with road improvements.
The data for State and locally owned highways were compiled by
the Bureau of Domestic Commerce (formerly the Business and D e fense Services Administration), Department of Commerce, from:
(1) Information published by a number of private construction news
services; (2) information received from selected State and local government agencies; and (3) data compiled by the Bureau of Public Roads
(now the Federal Highway Administration) and the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
Data on contracts awarded for federally owned construction were
compiled by BLS from reports submitted by the various Federal
agencies having construction operations.
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Q 136-147. Public highway debt—long-term highway obligations of
State and local governments, 1945-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration (formerly Bureau
of Public Roads), releases.
Q 148-151.
Motor-vehicle factory sales, 1900-1970.
Source: Automobile Manufacturers Association, Automobile Facts
and Figures, various issues.
Production of passenger cars was discontinued in February 1942
to economize resources for World War II purposes, but some vehicles
remaining in factory stocks were sold under rationing orders in subsequent war years. The War Production Board authorized resumption of production as of July 1, 1945, but no new cars were actually
produced until 1946.
Q 187-198.
Motor-vehicle registrations, 1900-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1900-1965, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965; 1966-1970, Summary of Motor
Vehicle Registrations by Years, table MV-200, and unpublished data.
Figures are based on reports and unpublished data of State motorvehicle registration departments. They include both privately and
publicly owned vehicles.
Motor-vehicle data for the early years of the century are incomplete,
largely because few States required their registration, and hence had
no records of the number of vehicles using roads and streets. As
production of vehicles increased, shortly before the first World War,
so did the number of registration laws. By 1921, all States had
adopted some form of motor-vehicle registration.
Accompanying the growth in motor-vehicle registrations has been
a corresponding diversity in the registration practices among the
States. In general, motor vehicles are classified as private passenger
cars, passenger carriers for hire, trucks, trailers, motorcycles, and
property carriers for hire. Several States, however, still register
buses with either trucks or passenger cars. These differences have
made it necessary for the data-compiling agency to supplement the
data submitted by the States with information obtained from special
studies and from other sources.
Q 156-162.
Motor-fuel usage, 1919-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, 1919-1965, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1965; 1966-1970, Analysis of Motor Fuel
Consumption, table G221, and unpublished data.
Fuel consumption figures for which reports from State authorities
were not available have been estimated by the Federal Highway
Administration (formerly Bureau of Public Roads). Motor fuel
includes all gasoline used for any purpose (private and public), except
military, plus any diesel or other fuels used solely for the propulsion
of motor vehicles on public highways. Exports from the United
States are excluded, and there is no duplication because of interstate
shipment. Tractor fuels are not included. Nonhighway consumption
includes all use off the highway, such as aviation, agriculture, marine,
industrial, etc., and usually falls under the exemption or refund provisions of the motor-fuel tax law.
Q 163-174.
Automobile insurance, 1946-1970.
Source: The Spectator, Philadelphia, 1946-1954, Insurance Yearbook; 1955-1965, Insurance by States; 1966-1969, Property Liability
Insurance Review, annual. 1970, The National Underwriter Co.,
Cincinnati, Argus F.C. & S. Chart, annual (copyright).
Q 175-186. Percent distribution of automobile ownership, and financing, 1947-1970.
Source: The University of Michigan, Survey Research
Ann Arbor, Survey of Consumer Finances (copyright).
Center,
Speed of motor vehicles on highways, 1945-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Highway
Trends, and unpublished data.
Administration,
Traffic
Speed
Comparatively few speed studies were conducted on main rural
highways until immediately prior to World War II. At that time,
the average speeds of trucks, passenger cars, and buses were 41, 48,
and 51 miles/hour, respectively. The low average speeds during
World War II resulted from wartime restrictions on travel speeds
and from gasoline rationing.
Speeds of passenger cars did not return to their prewar level until
1947. Trucks reached their prewar level in 1946, and buses in 1948.
From 1948 through 1950 there was little change in vehicle speeds.
Since then speeds consistently increased until 1970.
Q 199-205.
Q 152-155.
Q 136-250
Miles of travel by motor vehicles, 1921-1970.
Source: 1921-1935, U.S. Federal Works Agency, unpublished data,
and U.S. Public Roads Administration, unpublished data; 1936-1965,
see U.S. Federal Highway Administration sources for series Q 50-55.
Traffic volume information is obtained from automatic traffic
recorders operating continuously at selected locations on the roads
and streets of each State. The recorders are generally supplemented
by periodic manual classification counts to determine the proportion
of vehicles of each type, and each highway category, and by portable
machine counts on the many road and street sections.
Q 206-207.
Average miles of travel per vehicle, 1936-1970.
Source: See U.S. Federal Highway Administration sources for
series Q 50-55.
Q 208-223.
Motor-vehicle deaths and death rates, by age, 1913-1970.
Source: National Safety Council, Chicago, Accident Facts, 1969,
p. 60; and 1974, P- 60 (copyright).
Data for 1913 to 1932 were calculated from U.S. National Center
for Health Statistics data for registration States. Data for 1933 to
1963, 1965 to 1967, 1969, and 1970 are national totals; those for 1964
and 1968 are National Safety Council estimates.
Q 224-232. Motor-vehicle accidents—number and deaths, by type
of accident, 1913-1970.
Source: National Safety Council, Chicago, Accident Facts, 1974, and
various annual issues (copyright).
Q 233-234.
State and Federal gasoline tax rates, 1930-1970.
Source: See U.S. Federal Highway Administration sources for series
Q 50-55.
State average tax is weighted by net gallons taxed at the various
rates in the several States. No data are shown before 1930 because
it was the first year in which all States had motor fuel taxes in effect
for the whole year.
The precise dates of the changes in the Federal tax are as follows:
June 21, 1932, 1 cent; June 17, 1933, 1.5 cents; January 1, 1934, 1
cent; July 1,1940,1.5 cents; November 1,1951, 2 cents; July 1, 1956,
3 cents; October 1,1959, 4 cents.
Q 235-250. Public transit mileage, equipment, passengers, and passenger revenue, 1917-1970.
Source: American Transit Association, Transit Fact Book, various
annual issues (copyright); The Transit Industry in the United States,
Basic Data and Trends, 1943 (copyright); mimeographed release on
number of passengers, January 3, 1938.
705
Q 251-263
TRANSPORTATION
Figures are estimates based on reports for more than 85 percent
of the industry, which includes local motorbuses, electric street railways, elevated and subway lines, interurban electric railways, and
transit coach lines.
Mileage estimates for trolley coaches, series Q 236, are miles of
negative overhead wire. Mileage estimates for motorbuses, series
Q 237, are miles of route, round trip. Equipment owned, railway
cars, series Q 238, includes surface, subway, and elevated cars. The
estimates for 1933 and 1934 for motorbuses owned, series Q 240,
are probably understated. Revenue and nonrevenue passenger
figures, series Q 241-244, exceed revenue passenger figures, series Q
245, chiefly because of free transfers.
Q 251-263.
Oil pipelines operated and oil originated, 1921-1970.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1921-1953, S<a-
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*
•
•
•
M o r e
Recent
D a t a
for
tistics of Railways in the United States, various annual issues; 19541970, Transport Statistics in the United States, part 6, Oil Pipe Lines.
Figures refer to pipelines operating in interstate commerce and
regulated by ICC. Crude oil originated, series Q 252, includes both
gathering and trunk lines.
For a discussion of statistics of oil pipelines, see ICC, A Review of
Statistics of Oil Pipe Lines, 1981-19U1, Statement 4280, mimeographed, 1942. The figure for mileage in 1938, which appears to
have been revised, is from this Statement.
Figures for barrels of oil carried are as follows, in millions: 1925, 831;
1926, 836; 1927, 989; 1928,1,053; 1929,1,156; 1930,1,172; 1931, 987.
In these figures, a barrel handled by two or more pipelines in succession is counted each time it is handled. In the figures for barrels
originated, this duplication is avoided.
Historical Statistics
Series
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
it
*
Statistics for more recent years in continuation of many of the still-active series shown here appear
•k
in annual issues of the Statistical Abstract of the United States, beginning with the 1975 edition. For
*
*
direct linkage of the historical series to the tables in the Abstract, see Appendix I in the Abstract.
*
*
706
•
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 1-11.
Q 136-250
Volume of Domestic Intercity Passenger Traffic, by Type of Transport: 1950 to 1970
[In billions of passenger-miles, except percent. Airways, prior to 1959, and other types of transportation, prior to 1960, exclude Alaska and Hawaii. A passenger-mile is the
movement of 1 passenger for the distance of 1 mile. Comprises public and private traffic, both revenue and nonrevenue]
Airways
Private automobiles
Year
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
Buses 2
1
Railroads 3
Inland waterways 4
Total
traffic,
volume
Volume
Percent
of
total
Volume
Percent
of
total
Volume
Percent
of
total
Volume
Percent
of
total
Volume
Percent
of
total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1,185
1,138
1,079
1,021
971
920
896
853
818
791
1,026
977
936
890
856
818
802
766
736
714
86.6
85.9
86.8
87.2
88.2
88.7
89.5
89.8
90.0
90.2
119
120
101
87
69
58
49
43
37
35
10.0
10.5
9.4
8.6
7.1
6.3
5.5
5.0
4.6
4.4
25
25
25
25
25
24
23
23
22
20
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.6
11
12
13
15
17
18
18
19
20
21
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.6
4.0
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.3
0.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
784
765
760
748
751
716
673
655
575
535
508
706
687
685
670
670
637
597
576
496
458
438
90.1
89.9
90.1
89.6
89.2
89.0
88.7
87.9
86.1
85.6
86.2
34
33
29
28
26
23
20
17
15
13
10
4.3
4.3
3.8
3.8
3.4
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.0
19
20
21
21
25
25
26
28
29
27
26
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.3
5.0
5.1
5.2
22
22
24
26
29
29
29
32
35
35
32
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.9
6.0
6.6
6.4
2.7
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
1960
1959.—
1958
1957
1956
1955.
1954..
1953
1952
1951
1950—
1 Includes domestic commercial revenue service and private pleasure and business
flying.
2 Excludes schoolbuses.
Series Q 12-22.
3
4
Includes electric railways,
Includes Great Lakes.
Volume of Domestic Intercity Freight Traffic, by Type of Transport: 1939 to 1970
[In billions of ton-miles, except percent. Motor vehicles and airways, prior to 1959, and other types of transportation, prior to 1960, exclude Alaska and Hawaii, except as noted.
A ton-mile is the movement of 1 ton (2,000 pounds) of freight for the distance of 1 mile. Comprises public and private traffic, both revenue and nonrevenue]
Railroads
Year
Motor vehicles
1
Inland waterways
Airways 8
Oil pipelines
2
Total
traffic,
volume
Volume
Percent
of
total
Volume
Percent
of
total
Volume
Percent
of
total
Volume
Percent
of
total
Volume
Percent
of
total
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1,936
1,895
1,839
1,776
1,759
771
774
757
742
762
39.8
40.8
41.2
41.8
43.3
412
404
396
389
381
21.3
21.3
21.6
21.9
21.7
319
303
291
281
281
16
16
15
15
16
5
0
9
9
0
431
411
391
361
333
22.3
21.7
21.3
20.3
18.9
3.3
3.2
2.9
2.6
2.3
0.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1,651
1,556
1,469
1,387
1,326
721
679
644
616
586
43.7
43.7
43.8
44.4
44.2
359
356
336
309
296
21.8
22.9
22.9
22.3
22.4
262
250
234
223
210
15
16
15
16
15
9
1
9
1
8
306
269
253
238
233
18.6
17.3
17.3
17.1
17.6
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.3
.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1,330
1,303
1,231
1,354
1,376
595
599
575
645
677
44.7
46.0
46.7
47.6
49.2
285
279
256
254
249
21.5
21.4
20.8
18.8
18.1
220
197
189
232
220
16
15
15
17
16
6
1
4
1
0
229
227
211
223
230
17.2
17.4
17.2
16.5
16.7
.8
.7
.6
.6
.6
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1,298
1,144
1,232
1,172
1,209
655
578
643
651
686
50.4
50.5
52.1
55.6
56.8
223
213
217
195
188
17.2
18.6
17.6
16.6
15.6
4
217
174
202
168
"182
16
15
16
14
15
7
2
4
4
1
203
179
170
158
152
15.7
15.7
13.8
13.4
12.6
.6
.4
.4
.4
.4
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1,094
947
1,086
1,060
944
628
567
689
707
643
57.4
59.9
63.4
66.6
68.1
173
125
115
102
82
15.8
13.2
10.6
9.6
8.7
4
163
139
162
147
124
14
14
14
13
13
9
7
9
8
1
129
115
120
105
96
11.8
12.1
11.0
9.9
10.1
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
1,072
1,136
1,076
973
811
736
795
780
689
521
68.6
70.0
72.5
70.9
64.2
67
58
57
60
81
6.2
5.1
5.3
6.2
10.0
143
150
142
149
140
13
13
13
15
17
3
2
2
3
3
127
133
98
75
68
11.8
11.7
9.1
7.7
8.4
(Z)
(Z)
.1
.1
.1
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
1940
1939
651
575
412
370
63.2
64.4
62
53
9.5
9.2
118
96
18 1
16 7
59
56
9.1
9.7
(Z)
(Z)
Z
Less than 50 million ton-miles, or less than 0.05 percent.
1 Includes electric railways, express, and mail.
' Includes Great Lakes. Includes Alaska for all years and Hawaii beginning 1959.
(Z)
(Z)
1 Domestic revenue service only.
Includes express, mail, and excess baggage.
4 Part of this increase resulted from coverage of waterwayB previously existing but
not covered.
707
TRANSPORTATION
Q 23-35
Series Q 23-35.
Operating Revenues, by Type of Transport: 1936 to 1970
[Excludes Alaska and Hawaii, except as noted]
Revenues (mil. dol.)
Year
Electric
railways 1
Railway
express 2
23
24
Railroads 3 Waterlines 4
25
26
Index (1967 = 100)
Pipelines
(oil)
Domestic
scheduled
air
carriers 6 6
Motor
carriers of
property
27
28
29
Motor
carriers of Railroads
passengers
30
31
2
Pipelines
(oil)
Domestic
scheduled
air
carriers 5 6
Motor
carriers of
property
Motor
carriers of
passengers
32
33
34
35
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
11
13
12
12
14
313
270
299
323
324
12,511
11,951
11,357
10,875
11,163
502
450
435
426
460
1,188
1,103
1,023
995
941
7,131
6,857
5,607
4,887
4,070
14,585
13,958
12,400
11,308
10,862
882
1,007
991
945
901
115
110
104
100
103
119
111
103
100
95
146
140
115
100
83
129
123
110
100
96
93
107
105
100
95
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
13
13
14
22
22
316
298
275
271
257
10,738
10,252
9,921
9,792
9,540
426
405
395
394
389
904
865
840
811
787
3,609
3,095
2,723
2,498
2,245
10,068
9,155
8,548
8,131
7,463
885
802
759
729
690
99
94
91
90
88
91
87
84
82
79
74
63
56
51
46
89
81
76
72
66
94
85
80
77
73
1960
1959..
1958
1957
1956..
23
25
30
45
49
* 248
247
258
248
257
* 9,955
10,207
9,924
10,920
10,963
427
430
415
450
476
1770
765
721
730
737
2,129
1,955
1,624
1,515
1,342
* 7,214
7,145
6,131
6,166
5,829
667
631
599
599
565
* 92
94
91
100
101
7 77
77
72
73
74
44
40
33
31
27
* 64
63
54
55
52
71
67
63
63
60
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951.
60
56
78
82
81
241
235
242
248
223
10,495
9,708
11,063
10,966
10,773
452
399
391
340
336
678
617
591
562
524
1,215
1,043
937
818
702
5,535
4,737
4,926
4,417
4,169
560
561
614
602
578
97
89
102
101
99
68
62
59
56
53
25
21
19
17
14
49
42
44
39
37
59
59
65
64
61
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946....
79
70
77
80
79
223
251
295
313
326
9,820
8,885
10,002
8,973
7,852
330
275
237
225
148
442
376
377
325
294
558
486
434
365
316
3,737
2,911
2,698
2,214
1,699
539
554
565
534
554
90
82
92
83
72
44
38
39
33
30
11
10
9
7
6
33
26
24
20
15
57
59
60
57
69
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
87
100
99
68
59
284
255
208
155
135
9,136
9,676
9,288
7,691
5,541
173
188
196
123
258
304
310
277
245
252
215
161
123
108
97
1,840
1,756
1,347
1,189
1,095
652
624
544
398
237
84
89
85
71
51
31
31
28
25
25
4
3
3
2
2
16
16
12
11
10
69
66
58
42
25
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
53
50
49
51
52
120
112
110
110
103
4,559
4,140
3,687
4,321
4,197
212
111
104
108
104
226
212
228
249
219
77
56
43
922
796
700
182
168
151
42
38
34
40
39
23
21
23
25
22
2
1
1
8
7
6
19
18
16
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 The electric railway decrease is overstated through the years because of noncomparability of reporting.
2 Through 1969, excludes payments to others for express privileges.
3 Includes pullman (prior to 1965), line-haul, and switching and terminal companies.
708
* Includes only revenues from domestic traffic of carriers under jurisdiction of Interstate Commerce Commission.
& Revenues for scheduled passenger cargo operations.
6 Includes Hawaii for all years and Alaska beginning 1955.
7 Beginning 1960, includes operations in Alaska.
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 36-46.
Employment in Selected Types of Transportation: 1947 to 1970
[In thousands, except percent.
Trucking and warehousing
Total
Year
36
Q 36-49
Railroad
1
Annual averages]
Air 3
2
Local and suburban
Intercity highway 5
4
Number
Percent
of total
Number
Percent
of total
Number
Percent
of total
Number
Percent
of total
Number
Percent
of total
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
2,149
2,166
2,128
2,106
2,070
1,083
1,083
1,045
1,019
1,005
50.4
50.0
49.1
48.4
48.6
627
642
661
691
718
29.2
29.6
31.1
32.8
34.7
319
320
298
269
223
14.8
14.8
14.0
12.8
10.8
77
78
81
83
82
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.0
43
43
43
44
42
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
2,030
1,991
1,986
1,989
1,977
964
919
904
885
845
47.5
46.2
45.5
44.5
42.7
735
756
772
796
817
36.2
38.0
38.9
40.0
41.3
206
191
181
176
175
10.1
9.6
9.1
8.8
8.9
83
83
88
91
99
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.6
5.0
42
42
41
41
41
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1960
1959*
1958
1957
1956
2,055
2,074
2,032
2,230
2,287
856
844
778
804
803
41.7
40.7
38.3
36.1
35.1
885
925
957
1,121
1,190
43.1
44.6
47.1
50.3
52.0
172
161
149
148
131
8.4
7.8
7.3
6.6
5.7
101
103
105
112
120
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.0
5.2
41
41
43
45
43
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
1.9
1955
1954...
1953
1952
1951
2,254
2,221
2,403
2,389
2,409
765
719
731
699
676
33.9
32.4
30.4
29.3
28.1
1,205
1,215
1,377
1,400
1,449
53.5
54.7
57.3
58.6
60.1
114
105
105
97
86
5.1
4.7
4.4
4.1
3.6
127
138
141
145
151
5.6
6.2
5.9
6.1
6.3
43
44
49
48
47
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1950
1949
1948
1947
2,290
2,232
2,399
2,443
619
567
573
551
27.0
25.4
23.9
22.6
1,391
1,367
1,517
1,557
60.7
61.2
63.2
63.7
76
77
78
82
3.3
3.4
3.3
3.4
157
169
176
199
6.9
7.8
7.3
8.1
47
52
55
54
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.2
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 Covers establishments furnishing local or long-distance trucking, transfer, and
draying services, or engaged in storage of farm products, furniture and other household
goods, or commercial goods. Includes terminal facilities for handling freight.
2 Includes companies furnishing transportation by line-haul railroad and certain
allied services, such as sleeping and dining car services, railway express, and switching
and terminal companies.
Series Q 47-49.
All
traffic
1
Year
All
traffic 1
Passenger
1958 = 100
1939 = 100
103.2
93.9
98.4
98.0
100.1
89.6
86.5
92.1
N o t available.
Freight
Year
48
108.1
106.4
100.0
103.4
108.5
NA
Indexes of Transportation Output: 1889 to 1966
47
152.7
139.4
128.0
119.9
114.0
107.7
3 Covers certificated and noncertificated air carriers engaged in passenger and cargo
or freight transportation. Excludes employment in related facilities and services.
4 Covers companies or systems primarily engaged in furnishing passenger transportation confined principally to a municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality
and its suburban areas, including transportation by railway but excluding taxicab,
schoolbus, and charter service.
fi Covers intercity, interurban, and interstate bus lines, and includes intercity motor
vehicle passenger transportation not operated on regular schedules.
1953
1952
1951
220
219
226
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
206
182
205
203
192
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941.
213
1940.
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
110
222
216
183
137
100
89
101
93
108
100
. 97
103
99
Passenger
47
48
1939 = 100—Con.
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
All
traffic 1
114
100
87
101
92
1935
1934
1933.
1932
1931.
79
76
70
66
82
87
84
76
79
94
77
74
68
62
79
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
97
110
106
106
108
108
118
117
119
121
95
108
103
102
104
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
1920.
102
98
102
88
81
103
120
121
122
116
115
127
97
91
96
81
72
96
1889.
18.5
25.5
16.5
1 In combining passenger and freight traffic, passenger-miles were
weighted b y
revenue per passenger-mile and ton-miles by revenue per ton-mile.
709
Q 50-63
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 50-63.
Mileage of Rural Roads and Municipal Streets: 1904 to 1970
Total mileage
Surfaced mileage
Rural roads
Total
Under State
control 4
MunicCounty
ipal
roads
and
under
other
local
mileage
Secondary and control 1
county
roads
State
administered
Total
Primary
52
Mileage built by State highway departments
54
Total 3
Hightype
roads
Roads under State control
Lowtype
roads
56
Total«
Total
58
59
60
miles
1,000
miles
Miles
Miles
Earth
roads
1,000
3,730
3,710
3,684
3,705
3,698
3,169
3,162
3,152
3,184
3,188
408
406
425
424
418
273
273
252
250
252
2,488
2,483
2,475
2,510
2,518
561
548
532
521
510
2,946
2,914
2,870
2,827
2,800
410
403
392
386
376
322
324
330
331
333
40,438
37,123
47,425
46,257
50,872
33,834
30,034
37,279
36,763
38,968
3,690
3,644
3,620
3,600
3,573
3,009
3.003
3,002
3.005
2.995
414
411
409
407
406
249
248
247
247
243
2,346
2.344
2,346
2,351
2,346
681
641
618
595
578
2,776
2,730
2,693
2,647
2,588
367
359
350
341
331
334
335
337
338
47,573
45,452
49,974
52,560
44,279
36,442
36,203
36,980
41.052
33,449
278
275
3,546
3,511
3,479
3,453
3,430
2,989
2,974
2 .959
2,952
2,945
403
403
395
391
389
241
237
234
232
226
2.345
2,334
2,330
2.329
2.330
557
537
520
501
485
2,557
2,503
2,448
2,371
2,323
322
314
301
290
281
338
338
338
338
335
49,428
50,232
54,753
53,235
57,454
3,418
3,395
3,366
3,343
3,326
2,954
2,941
2,925
2,925
2,925
387
379
377
371
367
222
218
214
219
217
2,345
2,344
2.334
2.335
2,341
464
454
441
418
401
2,273
2,228
2,160
2,070
1,998
270
262
252
245
236
340
333
332
328
323
3,313
3.322
3.323
3,326
3,316
2,922
2,934
2 .929
2.933
2.934
363
358
350
337
342
210
205
2,349
2,370
2,373
2,384
2,387
391
388
394
393
382
1,939
1,865
1,815
1,780
1,730
227
174
172
170
170
3,319
3,311
3,311
3,309
8.309
2 ,939
2,932
2.930
2.925
2 .926
339
335
333
334
332
202
200
200
199
196
2,398
2,397
2.397
2,392
2.398
380
379
381
384
383
1,721
1,655
1,646
1,630
1,608
3,287
3,274
3,257
3.245
3,267
2,920
2,913
2,898
2,894
2,920
329
328
327
327
340
195
194
194
189
177
2,396
2,391
2.377
2.378
2,403
367
361
359
351
347
3.310
3,309
3,286
3,296
3,291
3,032
3,034
3 ,029
3,040
3,036
332
325
346
358
329
173
170
135
84
45
2,527
2,539
2,548
2,598
2,662
3,259
3,272
3,262
3,257
3.242
3 ,009
8,024
3,016
3,013
3,000
324
314
306
293
288
3.246
3.243
3,233
3,196
3,160
3 .006
3.004
2.996
2.960
2,925
275
261
252
227
203
miles
1,000
miles
1,000
miles
206
206
212
1,000
miles
1,000
miles
1,000
miles
1,000
Year
Surfaced
mileage,
total
Miles
68
Miles
1,000
Miles
miles
637
394
617
915
152
9,129
9,428
13,259
11,639
11.567
1920.
1919.
1918.
1917.
1916.
369
350
332
313
295
210
433
372
194
664
623
305
554
11,970
13,264
13,147
14,314
12,523
1915.
1914.
1913.
1912.
1911.
276
257
244
231
217
36.944
36,282
39,824
39,675
44,016
328
185
313
374
486
013
892
644
476
726
14,603
14,205
15,867
19,825
22,804
1910.
1909.
1908.
1907
1906.
204
190
183
176
168
53,559
55,488
52,886
57,847
51,471
41,120
42.053
41,744
46,354
41,864
694
866
1,264
1,238
1,603
672
730
807
811
1905
1904
161
122
22,754
21,457
22,673
27,305
25,139
316
350
338
332
317
55,487
45,171
41,968
32,865
21,711
44,265
35,236
35,085
29,574
20,856
1,784
1,517
1,403
1,013
417
379
482
753
219
898
29,102
26,237
25.929
22,342
15,541
168
312
309
306
302
297
15,278
15,080
15,971
19,670
32,629
14,827
13,924
14,692
18,078
30,549
250
289
458
1,038
1,343
971
925
446
167
299
10,606
9,710
9,788
12,873
22,907
1,367
1,318
1,276
1,232
1,175
153
151
149
144
131
296
286
277
265
32,588
32,990
36,322
35,627
32,274
29,689
30,665
34,598
28.945
32,274
1,423
1,720
1,187
1,828
3,361
217
015
751
532
706
23,049
23.930
27,660
20,585
24,207
278
275
257
256
255
1,080
992
914
879
830
128
124
116
26,814
41,730
96
246
237
195
156
146
26,814
41,730
33,471
35,971
44,634
3,284
5,917
6,258
6,394
10,095
806
386
412
009
513
19,724
29,427
19,801
19.568
2,685
2,710
2,710
2,720
2,712
250
248
246
244
242
694
84
75
68
60
54
142
133
125
117
109
35,277
32,522
29,252
26,723
26,552
7.813
7,451
8,675
7,151
7,060
787
847
748
733
132
16,677
16,224
11,829
12,839
13,360
2,731
2.743
2.744
2,733
2,722
240
239
237
236
235
521
472
439
412
387
48
41
34
97
90
78
23,152
23,164
20,311
5,316
5,957
5.814
686
697
628
11,150
10,510
662
626
589
550
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
N A Not available.
1 Includes municipal extensions of county, town, and township roads prior to 1962,
and mileage in National and State parks, forests, reservations, etc. prior to 1936 that
were not parts of State or local systems.
3 Includes mileage in National and State parks, forests, reservations, etc. that did
not form parts of State or local road system. Prior to 1936 these roads were included
with county, town, and township roads.
710
Lowtype
surface
56
1,000
mile s
Hightype
surface
167
166
165
163
262
110
212
403
209
249
154
22,026
Includes all surfaced mileage whether under State or local control.
Includes State highway extensions within cities.
Excludes mileage of local roads and streets on Federal-aid secondary system which
were built by State highway departments or by local authorities when financed partially
or entirely by Federal funds.
3
1
5
H I G H W A Y TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 64-68.
Mileage and Cost of Federal-Aid Highway Systems: 1917 to 1970
Cost (mil. dol.) 3
Miles of highway
Year
Miles of highway
Total
designated as
part of
Federal
systems 1
Completed
during
year 2
Total
Federal
funds
State
funds
64
65
66
67
68
Year
or
period
1970__
196919681967..
1966..
19651964196319621961-
895,208
890,094
886,181
887,465
885,050
908,722
901,120
891,927
886,678
879,539
10,745
10,569
11,871
14,150
16,281
17,433
19,487
19,561
21,051
21,313
4,625
4,826
4,132
5,178
5,362
4,569
4,560
3,790
3,423
3,265
3,515
3,706
3,167
4,039
4,151
3,430
3,385
2,767
2,437
2,339
1,110
1,120
965
1,139
1,211
1,139
1,175
1,023
986
925
1945
1944
1943—
1942
1941
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
19601959*.
19581957195619551954195319521951-
866,841
854,294
830,569
810,466
777,514
749,166
725,963
704,150
675,121
664,464
20,969
32,633
28,137
22,424
23,609
22,571
20,548
21.136
22,147
17,060
3,264
3,709
2,744
1,714
1,444
1,287
1,146
1,078
978
772
2,273
2,518
1,669
969
757
666
591
559
505
390
992
1,191
1,075
746
687
621
555
519
472
382
195019491948..
19471946-
643,939
632,037
611,332
599,338
556,787
19,876
19,876
21,725
15,473
5,057
753
829
763
422
147
390
425
397
224
86
364
404
366
198
61
Cost (mil. dol.'
3
Total
designated as
part of
Federal
systems 1
Completed
during
year 2
Total
Federal
funds
State
funds
64
65
66
67
68
308,741
367,690
338,705
330,051
316,432
235,482
232,834
229,905
226,829
224,450
3,035
4,473
7,753
6,898
9,734
11,549
11,776
11,766
21,330
12,258
101
135
273
226
274
269
306
309
521
238
76
109
219
143
148
150
176
183
348
225
25
26
54
83
126
119
130
125
173
13
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
1930—
1929
1928
1927
1926
219,869
212,496
207,194
205,025
198,967
193,652
189,853
188,017
187,035
184,162
12,811
21,203
18,219
10,855
15,902
10,339
8,581
9,756
10,220
10,723
242
358
264
205
325
237
197
196
189
215
218
311
223
95
228
100
80
83
84
93
24
47
41
110
97
137
117
113
105
122
1925
1924
1923
1922,
1917-1921—-
179,501
174,507
169,007
11,001
10,946
7,494
11,188
12,919
221
205
130
186
222
100
93
57
80
95
121
112
73
106
127
-
Comprises new and rebuilt mileage.
3 Represents actual expenditures of funds on calendar-year basis.
Beginning 1935.
includes money spent on public works and defense highways. Beginning 1940, includes secondary highways.
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
x Includes
estimates on Federal-aid primary system throughout, Federal-aid
secondary systems beginning in 1942, and national system of interstate and defense
highways beginning in 1951. Estimates as of end of calendar year.
Series Q 69-81.
Q 64-81
2
Class I Intercity Motor Carriers of Passengers and Property: 1939 to 1970
[Carriers subject to I C C regulations]
Carriers of passengers
Year
Carriers
reporting 1
Operating
revenue
Expenses
Net
income
after
income
taxes
Vehicles
in
service 2
69
70
71
72
73
Carriers of property
Average
fare per
Vehiclepassenger,
miles,
passenger 3 per carrier
(intercity)
74
75
Millions
Dollars
Carriers
reporting
Operating
revenue
Expenses
Net
income
after
income
taxes
Owned
revenue
vehicles
Intercity
vehiclemiles
76
77
78
79
80
81
1,000
Millions
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
71
70
173
177
166
156
161
148
151
144
722
677
695
670
644
607
655
610
589
485
639
594
613
591
550
514
570
529
511
423
52
56
61
52
54
52
52
48
43
31
13,282
12,992
15,398
15,406
14,298
13,287
16,157
4 13,608
4 13,873
411,036
871
869
977
997
988
947
1,056
1,009
998
865
3.81
3.55
2.91
2.79
2.71
2.73
2.43
2.38
2.30
2.20
1,376
1,311
1,252
1,198
1,159
1,114
1,025
1,004
1,004
972
11,137
10,770
9,593
8,091
7,897
7,131
6,199
5,756
5,428
4,908
10,763
10,337
9,129
7,796
7,505
6,760
5,918
5,520
5,204
4,718
150
200
235
144
217
209
152
122
112
84
483
466
428
394
384
355
318
309
298
285
11,498
11,699
10,902
9,815
9,814
9,154
8,209
7,882
7,567
7,023
1960*
1959
1958
1967
1956
1955
1954
1953 _
1952
1951
143
143
136
144
145
146
155
161
160
166
463
439
410
407
377
362
363
395
395
393
405
380
366
371
343
331
331
354
348
345
28
29
20
20
17
16
15
18
22
25
12,680
'10,763
410,791
<11,301
* 11,062
13,127
412,314
412,940
413,106
413,431
843
810
816
867
859
859
887
972
975
1,011
2.12
2.00
1.91
1.70
1.51
1.37
1.29
1.24
1.20
1.12
935
890
866
837
2,293
2,244
2,110
2,027
1,868
1,737
4,763
4,590
3,851
3,836
4,290
4,030
3,431
3,493
3,059
2,728
4,645
4,392
3,723
3,702
4,141
3,870
3,323
3,360
2,924
2,603
37
92
54
62
77
82
54
60
67
58
279
265
243
238
304
289
260
251
229
213
7,203
7,085
6,101
6,399
7,529
7,559
6,538
6,802
6,137
5,848
1950-1949
1948
1947._
1946
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
172
262
260
253
254
231
194
157
136
132
351
380
401
367
381
378
375
344
251
149
315
346
351
313
299
265
245
214
164
120
19
20
31
33
50
32
36
37
24
20
14,566
959
1,066
1,130
1,056
1,043
931
905
832
702
556
1.01
.91
.85
.80
.80
.79
.80
.81
.80
.83
1,621
2,012
1,825
1,603
1,516
1,445
1,337
1,165
1,083
1,076
2,380
1,895
1,663
1,233
884
746
711
646
588
660
2,215
1,794
1,553
1,174
852
745
696
626
556
533
93
64
72
37
21
- 2
8
9
17
18
191
169
151
128
112
100
98
89
84
84
5,532
4,338
3,810
3,059
2,407
2,165
2,132
2,006
2,040
2,121
1940
1939
135
149
115
113
98
95
15
20
482
466
.84
.88
991
957
431
378
412
360
13
15
69
62
1,761
1,343
1970-_
1969..
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
__
414,863
415,290
414,149
413,168
412,865
412,019
411,000
49,677
47,891
46,678
46,408
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 Excludes carriers subject to I C C jurisdiction engaged preponderantly in local or
suburban service and carriers engaged in transportation of both property and passengers.
2 Regular route intercity and local.
3 Vehicles owned, leased, and operated under "purchased transportation" arrangements, operated in all revenue service.
4 Excludes intercity service.
711
Q 82-96
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 82-96.
State Highway Finances: 1890 to 1970
[In millions of dollars]
Revenues
Disbursements
Receipts from current State imposts
Highway-user revenue
Total
Total
Federal
funds 2
Motor
vehicle
and
carrier
taxes
Motorfuel
taxes
Other i
Receipts
from
issue
of bonds,
notes,
etc.s
88
83
For State-administered
highways
All
other 4
Total 6
89
90
Capital
outlay
for roads
and
bridges
91
Maintenance
Other «
92
93
For
county
and local
roads
and
streets
AU
other 7
94
95
16,501
15,293
14,563
13,161
13,217
12,532
12,363
11,091
10,697
9,758
8,843.1
8,238.5
7,426.5
6,886.9
6.577.4
7.012.7
6.582.8
6,116.8
5.831.9
5,511.
6,090.9
5,687.1
5.122.8
4,758.1
4,494.1
4,505.7
4.217.5
3.929.0
3.764.1
3,542.7
2,752.1
2,551.3
2.303.6
2.128.7
2,083.3
2,507.0
2.365.3
2.187.8
2.067.8
1.968.5
,175.0
,009.2
921.6
813.2
755.2
771.1
712.4
630.7
622.7
590.0
4.737.1
4.190.2
4,431.0
4.001.3
4,229.7
3.862.4
4,000.6
3.499.5
2,933.0
2,729.4
1.301.5
1,421.1
1,374.7
1,011.3
1,295.3
591.1
783.7
611.1
1,077.9
709.6
444.5
434.6
409.7
449.0
359.7
295.3
283.4
233.0
231.9
217.7
16,534
14,919
14,253
13,315
12,553
12,437
12,017
11,248
10,451
9,626
8,866.0
7.876.1
7,866.3
7,339.8
7,056.3
6.458.2
6.362.3
6.047.7
5.608.4
5,105.0
1.928.8
1.723.1
1.593.6
1,513.5
1.402.2
1.309.7
1.210.3
1.133.9
1,093.2
1.019.8
2,774.9
2.644.7
2,283.6
2,108.0
1.871.8
1,662.6
1.564.9
1,491.5
1,352.8
1,192.3
2,965.1
2.675.1
2.510.0
2.354.2
2.223.1
2.037.0
1,943.9
1,787.8
1.689.1
1,650.4
936. i>
787.2
707.
659.
9,276
9,542
8,451
7,067
6,789
5,794
6,913
5,401
4,651
4,051
5.313.0
5,075.7
4.688.1
4.544.5
4,394.9
4.014.4
3.648.5
3.420.5
3,094.0
2.863.2
3.399.6
3,256.3
2.976.1
2.894.7
2.788.2
2,533.1
2,301.7
2.167.9
1.958.1
1.809.3
1.913.4
1,819.3
1.711.9
1,649.8
1,606."
1,481.3
1,346.8
1.252.6
1.135.8
1.053.9
527.5
481.7
404.2
357.3
392.6
295.1
221.0
213.2
184.7
158.1
2,521.4
3,058.9
2,246.7
1,256.0
775.6
670.2
587.8
540.8
485.2
415.6
707.2
722.9
916.0
727.1
1.064.6
658.1
2,338.0
1,101.5
798.6
536.9
207.0
202.6
196.4
182.4
160.9
156.6
118.0
125.3
8,956
9,276
8,478
7,702
6,896
6,083
5,720
4,884
4,247
3,980
4,669.3
5.075.8
4,713.6
4.139.3
3.661.9
3,102.9
2.962.5
2.271.4
1,941.8
1.739.5
985.6
903.0
867.1
812.4
756.4
675.6
647.7
620.4
602.5
562.2
,147.8
,115.9
955.8
903.5
748.4
686.7
653.3
566.
472.4
484.0
1,556.6
1.517.3
1.431.2
1,347.6
1,236.1
1.130.4
1,044.1
994.0
905.4
808.8
597.3
664.5
510.8
499.
493.4
438.0
412.6
432.4
325.4
385.7
3,613
3,278
2,950
2,345
2,107
1,449
1,361
1,425
1,572
1,?""
2,587.0
2,337.0
2,081.0
1.838.7
1.602.8
1,235.7
1,136.9
1.117.3
1,321.3
1,452.0
1.652.2
1.473.3
1,348.1
1.196.4
1,046.3
773.8
684.9
663.6
855.2
948.0
934.7
863.7
732.9
642.2
556.4
461.9
451.9
453.7
466.1
503.9
125.0
153.0
144.1
91.5
176.4
87.2
44.3
56.4
44.5
45.7
425.5
429.1
364.8
288.3
147.2
59.9
91.9
152.1
154.9
168.8
410.1
303.1
312.7
89.3
150.0
47.6
72.1
83.8
33.0
204.8
65.5
56.5
47.4
37.0
31.
18.5
15.6
15.2
18.3
27.6
3,561
3,201
2,873
1.533.8
1.361.9
1.138.6
882.3
502.3
210.4
210.3
268.6
401.6
525.2
501.4
488.0
465.6
374.5
327.3
287.7
258.9
224.8
216.7
234.8
447.5
355.8
343.4
344.0
404.9
344.0
290.0
303.1
263.7
505.8
752.4
735.3
652.8
537.3
400.4
309.8
297.8
315.5
359.3
359.0
326.1
259.8
273.2
244.8
153.0
149.7
186.
197.1
2 4 7 .9
2 6 3 .9
780
611
578
634
590
330
1 ;388
1,187
1,168
1,389
1,321.0
1,226.9
1,175.7
1.195.6
1,057.9
940.4
883.7
820.9
838.1
881.7
866.2
816.6
454.8
410.2
405.8
428.1
.374.9
324.8
318.5
301.5
324.0
344.
38.1
34.1
33.4
30.2
25.3
24.8
27.5
43.7
48.4
47.6
196.1
203.8
197.6
264.0
349.7
219.3
354.8
223.5
138.8
218.3
202.2
120.2
22.7
26.0
25.4
33.2
23.6
28.7
19.4
19.1
38.8
67.4
1,678
1,606
1,619
1,601
1,578
1,257
1,325
1,221
1,243
1,391
563.0
500.1
558.3
589.2
631.7
438.3
580.3
529.2
571.0
796.9
218.7
211.9
232.6
223.7
318.1
337.0
329.9
270.6
256.3
219.8
191.1
189.0
190.1
167.2
333.1
333.5
296.8
312.8
257.3
233.2
216.3
196.8
196.3
217.5
244.8
224.0
201.
205.2
211.0
179.2
155.7
126.6
108.2
47.1
1,296
1,209
998
879
825
783
634
521
545
432
850.7
778.9
626.8
559.6
475. S
405.6
302.0
216.5
153.5
130.3
494.6
431.3
304.3
258.7
187.6
145.4
78.7
30.8
10.8
5.3
356.0
347.5
322.4
300.9
94.1
77.9
81.2
80.1
79.1
93.3
92.9
73.3
79.7
77.7
222.2
191.2
133.4
90.9
137.8
141.4
101.6
88.1
143.0
114.8
74.5
85.5
98.8
96.4
83.1
86.5
98.6
80.6
102.9
40.1
1,330
1,089
98S
847
74?
759
688
501
494
443
728.8
575.4
558.4
418.8
366.0
403.8
397.6
279.9
287.4
300.
193.9
173.6
160.2
139.1
125.7
119.3
104.8
75.3
75.3
64.8
167.1
136.9
96.3
129.3
260.2
223.2
185.7
142.7
125.0
55.1
75.8
57.6
52.0
49.2
56.1
39.4
62.4
65.8
69.7
200.5
171.0
141.1
136.4
115.6
101.4
75.6
57.8
40.0
32.4
27.
23.9
22.9
18.8
20.
14.0
9.6
6.8
358
102.9
65.7
51.4
37.5
25.
18.2
12.
1.3
1.0
101.5
64.6
51.4
37.5
25.8
97.5
27.7
30.2
6.3
23.0
61.9
11.7
2.1
38.2
34.3
7.0
21.6
4.8
25.3
11.6
57.4
81.7
48.8
50
33.5
27.0
25.1
358
221
139
240.3
124.9
71.9
25.4
19.2
13
87
90
75
49.8
55.9
53.8
58.4
53.0
34.9
27.
18.4
19.2
14.5
221
139
116
87
90
76
Year
1913.
1912.
1911.
1910.
1909
1908.
769.8
767.4
683.0
615.5
565.1
519.4
514.0
537.4
288.2
18.2
12.3
State highway debt
outstanding
94.2
65.6
52.4
38.3
31.6
24.4
Year
1907
1906.
1905
1904
1903
1902
20.1
26.1
77.2
145.9
111.5
134.2
117.1
103.0
79.8
104.6
174.7
State highway debt
outstanding
18.4
16.4
15.4
15.0
14.5
14.0
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Z Less than 50,000.
1 Includes road, bridge, and ferry tolls; property taxes; appropriations from general
funds; and other State imposts.
2 Includes funds of Federal Highway Administration and other agencies paid as reimbursement to the States. Does not include direct Federal expenditures for highways.
3 Includes refunding issues and toll revenue bonds.
712
88.6
2
116
Year
1901.
1900.
1899.
1898.
1897.
1896
61.6
222.0
187.1
181.5
179.3
178.1
162.9
116.6
115.9
89.8
74.4
54.
41.8
12.2
10.0
8.2
6.7
29.7
29.6
19.0
14.7
14.1
10.2
7.5
1.8
10.2
6.7
5.8
5.2
State highway debt
outstanding
13.1
12.7
68.0
Year
1895.
1894.
1893.
1892.
1891.
1890.
4.2
4.9
4.5
2.8
1 9
2.0
State highway debt
outstanding
2.6
(Z)
(Z)
(Z)
1.3
.5
4 Includes funds transferred from local governments and miscellaneous receipts.
»Beginning 1966, excludes amounts allocated for collection and nonhighway purposes,
and bonds redeemed by refunding.
6 Includes administration, engineering, and equipment; State highway police; interest on obligations for State highways; and retirement of obligations for State highways.
7 Includes expenditures and funds transferred for nonhighway purposes and expense
of collecting and administering highway-user revenue.
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 97-112.
Q 136-250
Receipts and Disbursements of Highway Funds by Counties and Townships: 1921 to 1970
[In millions of dollars]
Receipts of counties and townships for highways
Local receipts
Total
receipts
Total
Local
highway
user
imposts
Tolls
Disbursements of counties and townships for highways 4
Transfers from other
governments
Property
Borrowtax,
general
ing 1
fund,
misc.
Total 2
Federal
Total
disbursements 6
Capital
outlays8
105
106
107
State
102
103
1,216
1,179
1,061
1,009
977
1,565
1,435
1,321
1,288
1,194
72
53
44
41
45
1,485
1,376
1,255
1,202
1,146
3,028
2,818
2,639
2,577
2,345
915
846
806
761
714
186
867
821
829
790
769
1,133
1,082
997
955
947
43
33
30
30
29
1,087
1,044
964
922
916
2,203
2,068
1,996
1,934
1,896
681
649
618
605
579
19
20
19
16
15
115
184
167
141
128
735
713
701
649
622
875
836
804
809
750
28
21
26
28
21
845
812
776
779
728
1,737
1,745
1,704
1,603
1,509
15
14
13
13
12
229
113
126
696
674
638
603
546
17
18
18
17
9
678
655
619
584
536
1,429
1,369
1,297
98
587
566
549
513
470
565
538
489
485
375
12
11
10
8
7
104
120
98
127
64
447
405
380
349
303
502
472
447
371
327
6
5
4
2
3
495
466
442
369
323
575
519
516
669
847
310
276
266
320
364
5
5
5
39
28
18
57
94
265
242
242
257
265
265
243
250
349
483
4
2
2
79
191
931
987
1,023
869
901
348
354
370
389
326
69
86
108
56
277
282
281
280
269
583
633
653
480
575
624
660
567
664
812
314
282
320
456
602
50
31
24
67
109
263
250
295
388
492
310
378
247
208
210
818
790
835
841
775
622
636
700
716
667
95
111
150
181
169
527
525
550
535
498
683
690
638
731
657
581
646
598
645
635
144
158
129
150
202
437
488
469
495
433
101
97
98
3,075
2,913
2,693
2,609
2,410
1,511
1,478
1,372
1,321
1,216
50
42
18
20
18
24
21
21
20
20
222
2,247
2,135
2,012
1,990
1,926
1,114
1,053
1,015
1,035
979
12
11
10
9
8
19
18
17
16
16
216
203
159
1,753
1,762
1,695
1,619
1,518
878
926
891
810
768
9
9
4
4
3
1,531
1,371
1,329
1,253
1,128
835
697
691
650
582
4
4
3
3
1,067
1,010
936
856
702
-
236
272
272
201
220
121
1,463
1,392
1,272
1,205
1,138
269
65
62
55
53
46
959
939
922
133
123
108
99
99
48
45
45
41
40
500
521
549
518
425
923
874
847
784
764
95
92
81
76
65
32
32
32
31
1,106
450
436
401
355
285
701
677
649
618
596
64
59
55
51
47
29
29
28
27
29
1,043
990
929
826
685
266
279
255
208
147
557
498
478
432
373
44
39
33
27
24
29
31
32
33
35
261
241
248
270
292
556
506
470
643
836
74
58
52
173
311
308
271
237
246
254
20
19
18
18
22
41
45
49
55
299
362
394
223
341
283
271
259
257
234
925
989
1,031
876
909
432
495
533
353
449
249
240
239
234
222
19
19
18
19
24
58
63
68
72
73
95
154
25
215
224
222
208
209
629
662
576
686
847
194
238
130
168
248
202
187
191
235
262
23
26
27
28
38
80
81
81
87
91
196
154
135
125
108
196
154
135
125
108
852
808
832
829
752
297
257
282
289
266
284
260
260
238
213
50
37
41
42
83
78
80
75
67
102
44
40
86
22
102
44
40
86
22
689
688
645
733
670
265
256
242
330
337
197
195
184
185
186
29
27
46
40
40
52
55
50
35
34
1,200
Debt
retirement 6
108
201
163
146
Represents zero.
Includes long and short-term notes. The latter are for two years or less.
Beginning 1940, includes small amount from municipalities, not shown separately.
3 Includes Federal work-relief funds (mainly Works Progress Administration) for
1933-42 respectively, as follows (in millions of dollars): 25, 150, 91, 339, 221, 389, 352,
295, 189, and 78.
1
2
104
Main- Administenance tration
and
and
Interest 8
operaother
tion
1,080
1,008
218
4 Includes expenditures by local rural agencies for highways.
The major share of the
expenditures were for the local highway system. However, in some instances, outlays
for State-administered highways and local city streets are included.
6 For 1931-1959, includes small amount for nonhighway purposes, not shown
separately.
8 Includes debt service for long and short-term notes.
The latter are for two
years or less.
713
Q 113-128
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 113-128.
Receipts and Disbursements of Highway Funds by Municipalities: 1921 to 1970
[In millions of dollars]
Disbursements of municipalities for highways 8
Receipts of municipalities for highways
Transfers from other
governments
Local receipts
Total
receipts
Total
Local
highway
user
imposts
Property
tax,
Borrow- general
ing i
fund,
misc.
Tolls
Suit*
119
120
121
122
123
Main- Administenance tration
and
and
Interest 6
other
operation
127
128
2,578
2,430
2,288
2,116
1,994
96
91
87
74
74
93
89
85
82
81
525
447
458
499
444
1,864
1,803
1,658
1,461
1,395
1,00?
839
758
710
638
20
10
5
6
5
895
764
686
664
602
3,570
3,273
2,982
2,786
2,530
1,074
1,017
935
894
808
1,240
1,136
1,066
970
893
668
525
445
381
332
138
131
118
111
102
397
384
339
354
333
52
80
79
76
62
2,362
2,228
2,170
1,968
2,003
1,748
1,652
1,680
1,523
1,592
71
67
61
67
67
77
65
60
58
53
394
371
475
377
450
1,206
1,149
1,084
1,021
1,022
614
576
490
445
411
11
22
5
1
2
574
523
435
395
365
2,305
2,199
2,117
2,046
1,949
722
731
694
679
645
854
801
789
758
738
234
214
189
165
163
101
97
94
91
83
345
303
309
302
275
49
53
42
51
45
1,987
1,892
1,702
1,725
1,550
1,572
1,491
1,313
1,390
1,266
67
66
62
68
57
64
54
53
52
49
507
503
347
436
365
944
868
851
834
795
415
401
389
335
284
3
389
364
351
305
264
1,954
1,815
1,773
1,682
1,523
666
631
656
615
563
685
659
614
567
542
152
133
155
123
105
80
75
63
57
47
323
263
241
264
220
48
54
40
38
16
1,485
1,314
1,186
1,302
963
1,224
1,068
971
1,113
792
56
49
49
35
25
46
43
42
41
37
385
290
236
443
205
737
686
644
594
525
261
246
215
189
171
243
232
204
178
162
1,347
1,269
1,153
1,256
959
507
464
415
379
336
479
456
442
409
377
82
71
70
70
56
52
50
43
44
42
180
194
151
329
133
25
16
15
14
10
918
1,014
776
671
485
753
860
662
565
407
23
23
20
17
16
31
26
24
21
10
187
300
136
132
53
512
511
482
395
328
165
154
114
106
78
154
145
106
101
76
901
971
756
635
463
329
320
253
212
100
346
347
324
265
220
51
50
43
34
24
42
43
40
39
37
115
200
86
78
75
13
8
7
4
4
399
310
297
407
495
350
261
248
358
437
15
14
12
7
8
8
11
10
11
9
31
19
22
66
79
296
217
204
274
341
49
49
49
49
58
48
43
43
46
52
389
381
322
372
494
55
53
41
81
112
191
193
176
168
170
18
13
14
21
26
38
39
41
48
59
84
79
43
49
122
1
2
2
2
2
504
471
448
489
396
429
404
393
432
367
10
20
17
11
9
7
5
6
-
324
297
297
377
348
75
67
55
57
29
63
54
47
50
25
509
479
433
488
430
171
172
140
130
125
133
153
144
134
154
24
33
31
29
26
60
62
62
63
60
114
54
53
128
65
2
1
1
1
-
86
80
74
39
19
373
392
407
536
737
352
366
386
516
716
„
17
29
13
42
73
335
337
373
474
643
21
26
21
20
21
17
21
17
15
16
408
376
501
630
790
107
110
135
208
344
145
148
147
166
193
24
25
24
27
32
68
75
82
87
88
64
18
113
142
133
910
860
841
848
729
899
847
833
845
724
112
122
115
115
100
787
725
718
730
624
11
13
8
3
5
-
11
13
8
3
5
946
779
745
747
644
473
427
441
451
372
197
196
180
182
167
33
32
30
30
28
91
82
74
69
62
152
42
20
15
15
694
573
403
376 .
337
691
573
403
376
337
113
91
578
482
403
376
337
3
„
3
591
492
403
376
337
356
285
226
213
191
147
130
120
115
108
24
22
20
19
18
54
45
37
29
20
10
10
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
-
-
_
_
—
—
-
—
—
-
-
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
-
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
Represents zero.
Includes long and short-term notes. The latter are for two years or less.
Beginning 1931, includes small amount from county and townships, not shown
separately.
9 Represents expenditures for highways and streets b y local municipal governments.
The major share of the expenditures were for the local highway system
However, in
1
2
714
1
-
1
1
1
-
_
—
-
-
_
—
1
6
9
5
2
-
_
—
—
—
-
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
125
126
Transfers to
other
governments
3,580
3,269
3,046
2,826
2,632
117
124
Debt
retirement 8
114
115
118
Federal
Capital
outlays
113
-
116
Total!
Total
disbursements 4
—
—
—
-
_
_
_
—
-
-
_
—
-
„
—
—
—
-
some instances, outlays for State-administered highways and local county-level streets
are included.
< For 1937-1958, includes small amount for nonhighway purposes, not shown
separately.
6 Includes debt service for long and short-term notes.
The latter are for two years or
less.
Q 129-147
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 129-135.
Year
Total
Highway Construction—Contracts Awarded: 1947 to 1970
[In millions of dollars.
Covers federally and State owned highways only; includes force-account construction authorized to start]
Highways
Federally aided
projects
Federally
owned
State
owned
Total
value
Independent State
projects
Federal
funds
Total
value
Total
facilities
Highways
Year
Federally
owned
12»
1970.
19691968.
1967.
1966.
6,520
6,625
5,305
5,522
5,459
52
38
84
78
127
6,468
6,587
5,220
5,444
5,332
4,877
5,048
3,711
4,112
4,173
3,619
3,784
2,766
3,077
3,131
1,591
1,539
1,510
1,332
1,159
49
78
63
213
99
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
4,935
4,868
4,418
4,336
>4,482
135
123
142
95
92
4,800
4,745
4,275
4,241
3,803
3,896
4,055
3,730
3,253
3,168
2,976
3,084
2,770
2,506
2,289
904
690
546
988
634
49
82
27
326
92
1960*.
1959.
4,030
13,805
129
86
3,901
3,213
3,097
2,638
2,218
1,877
804
575
165
59
Total
value
Federal
funds
Total
value
Total
facilities
133
134
135
130
14,585
13,917
13,303
96
92
92
3,996
3,311
2,718
3,489
2,390
1,737
2,504
1,614
963
507
921
981
44
343
337
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951
2,619
12,746
12,713
12,088
i1,743
59
62
53
90
71
2,560
2,300
2,287
1,654
1,362
1,256
1,218
998
912
780
667
630
519
476
409
,304
,082
,289
743
582
695
459
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947
1,528
i1,448
11,436
917
36
47
28
25
1,492
1,150
1,145
892
798
643
740
635
415
332
386
329
694
507
405
257
228
1
800
146
68
120
46
(NA)
Includes locally owned; therefore, details do not add to total.
Public Highway Debt- -Long-Term Highway Obligations of State and Local Governments:
1945 to 1970
Series Q 136-147.
State data are for calendar years; local data are for varying fiscal years. Excludes duplicated and interunit obligations, except as noted. Municipal
obligations include data for all municipalities and other political subdivisions urban in character]
D e b t issued
Year
State
owned
Independent State
projects
1958.
1957.
1956.
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
NA
N o t available.
[In millions of dollars.
Federally aided
projects
D e b t outstanding
Debt redeemed
Total i
State
County
and
local
rural
136
137
138
Municipal
Total!
State
139
140
141
County
and
local
rural
142
Municipal
Total
State
143
144
145
County
and
local
rural
Municipal
146
147
1970
1969...
1968
1967
1966
1,886
2,022
1,991
1,633
1,680
1,305
1,351
1,377
1,012
1,156
174
241
241
194
158
407
430
373
427
366
1,252
1,122
1,071
965
915
782
705
657
540
519
152
137
136
136
126
318
280
278
289
270
19,107
18,572
17,672
16,749
16,080
13,903
13,380
12,734
12,014
11,542
1,685
1,658
1,554
1,450
1,394
3,519
3,534
3,384
3,285
3,144
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1,070
1,097
981
1,535
1,272
586
634
458
1,017
718
169
156
114
184
153
315
307
409
334
401
855
752
732
679
665
459
381
382
340
330
123
116
114
110
117
273
255
236
229
218
15,316
15,114
14,773
14,537
13,718
10,905
10,778
10,525
10,449
9,772
1,363
1,317
1,281
1,285
1,252
3,048
3,019
2,967
2,803
2,694
1960
1959*..
1958
1957
1956
1,206
1,158
1,352
1,200
1,439
680
669
913
702
1,067
190
153
140
123
105
336
336
299
375
267
616
610
543
535
438
300
308
252
253
190
96
92
94
92
97
220
210
197
190
151
13,166
12,576
12,278
11,422
10,659
9,384
9,004
8,641
7,945
7,496
1,280
1,186
1,130
1,084
1,035
2,502
2,386
2,507
2,393
2,128
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1,174
2,684
1,353
1,102
790
646
2,317
1,038
797
535
205
94
119
100
79
323
273
196
205
176
421
433
344
339
349
191
168
139
157
156
89
109
86
78
82
141
156
119
104
111
9,658
8,905
6,654
5,645
4,883
6,619
6,164
4,015
3,116
2,476
1,027
911
926
893
868
2,012
1,830
1,713
1,636
1,539
652
533
476
308
3161
400
254
270
80
55
90
98
83
107
49
162
181
123
122
62
322
261
266
3 258
>261
143
106
117
115
124
83
81
79
78
78
96
84
78
75
72
4,436
3
2,096
1,838
1,690
1,537
1,571
872
888
870
866
837
1,468
1,402
1,298
1,254
1,207
49
11
22
20
3
258
115
87
78
1,638
869
1,218
1950
1949
1948.
1947..
1946
1945
3
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Excludes refunding issues.
1
3
2
8
34,077
33,797
33,589
8
3,538
33,640
Excludes redemptions b y refunding.
Duplicated and interunit obligations have been excluded from totals only.
715
Q 148-162
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 148-162.
Motor-Vehicle Factory Sales and Registrations, and Motor-Fuel Usage: 1900 to 1970
[Number sold includes sales of military vehicles. Value of sales does not include Federal excise taxes.
Motor-vehicle registrations
Motor-vehicle factory sales
Motor trucks
and buses 1
Passenger cars
Mil. dol.
1,000
Mil. dol.
Motor-fuel usage
Total
Automobiles
Buses
Trucks
Total
152
153
154
155
156
1,000
1,000
1,000
Mil. gal.
Number Wholesale Number Wholesale
value
value
1,000
Beginning 1937, standard equipment is included in the value estimate]
1,000
Highway
Mil. gal.
Nonhighway
Trucks ConsumpPassenger
and
tion per
vehicles combinavehicle
tions
158
159
Mil. gal.
Mil. gal.
Mil. gal.
6,546.8
8,223.7
8,822.1
7.436.7
8,598.3
14,500
18,751
19,352
15,653
17,554
1,692.4
1,923.1
1,896.0
1,539.4
1.731.0
108,407.3
105,096.6
100,884 "
96,930.9
3,953 9 3 , 9 6 2 . 0
89.279.8
86.861.3
83.591.6
80.414.1
78.122.9
379.0
364.2
351.7
337.9
322.1
18,748.4
17,870.9
16,941.2
16,178.8
15,516.8
96,331
92,240
87,154
81,911
78,979
92,328
88,135
82,948
77,730
74,664
4,002
4,105
4,206
4,180
4,314
66,728
63,395
59,456
56,020
54,208
25,600
24,727
23,482
21,673
20,415
9.305.5
7.751.8
7,637.7
6,933.2
5,542.7
18,380
14,836
14,427
13,071
10,285
1,751.8
1,540.4
1.462.7
1.240.1
1.133.8
3,733
3,223
3,090
2,581
2,155
90.357.6
86,301.2
82.713.7
79,173 "
75,958.2
75,257.5
71.982.7
69.055.4
66.108.2
63,417.3
314.2
305.3
297.8
285.2
279.6
14,785
14.013.1
13,360.4
12,779.8
12,261
75,312
72,097
68,760
66,101
64,534
71,104
67,901
64,516
61,697
59,306
4,208
4,196
4,244
4,404
5,228
51,169
48,431
46,084
44,608
42.863
19,935
19,470
18,432
17,089
16,443
6.674.7
5.591.2
4.257.8
6.113.3
5,816.1
12,164
10,543
8,010
11,198
9,754
1,194.4
1.137.3
877.2
1,107.1
1.104.4
2,350
2,338
1.730
2,082
2,077
73.868.6
71.354.4
68.296.5
67,124.9
65.148.2
61.682.3
59,453.9
56.890.5
55.917.8
54.210.9
272.1
265.1
270.1
264.0
258.7
11.914.2
11.635.3
11.135.8
10.942.9
10,678.6
63,210
61,715
58,589
56,954
55,149
57,877
56,331
53,418
51,864
50.214
5,332
5,383
5,171
5,089
4,935
41,996
40,879
38,904
37,594
36,128
15,882
15,453
14,514
14,271
13,978
7.920.1
5.558.8
6.116.9
4.320.7
5.338.4
12,452
8,218
9,002
6,455
7,241
1,249.1
1.042.1
1.206.2
1,218.1
1,426.8
2,020
1,660
2,089
2,319
2,323
62.688.7
58.505.3
56.217.4
53.262.4
51.912.7
52.144.7
48.468.4
46.429.2
43,823.0
42.688.3
255.2
248.3
244.2
240.4
230.4
10,288.8
9,788.5
9,543.9
9.198.8
8.993.9
52,565
49,118
47,381
45.037
42,473
47.730
44,365
42.731
40,584
38,128
4,834
4,753
4,649
4,452
4,345
34,319
31,670
30,384
28,735
26,910
13,308
12,541
12,245
11,849
11,171
6.665.8
5.119.4
3.909.2
3.558.1
2.148.6
8,468
6,650
4,870
3,936
1,979
1,337.1
1.134.1
1.376.2
1,239.4
940.9
1,707
1,394
1,880
1.731
1,043
49.161.6
44.690.2
41.085.5
37,841.4
34.373.0
40,339.0
36,457.9
33.355.2
30.849.3
28,217.0
223.6
208.9
196.7
187.4
173.5
8,598.9
•8,023.4
7.533.5
6.804.6
5,982.3
39,830
36,440
34,329
31,680
28,876
35,652
32,431
30,460
28.215
25,648
4,177
4,009
3,868
3,464
3,227
25,037
23,645
22,149
20.864
19,502
10,566
8,666
8,189
7,243
6,068
57
1,181
1,700
1,451
1,427
1,069
31.035.4
30.479.3
30.888.1
33.003.6
34,894 "
25,796.9
25.566.4
36,009.0
27.972.8
29.624.2
152.5
152.3
135.9
119.7
162.1
5,076.3
4,760.2
4.726.7
4.894.8
5.150.1
22,046
19,292
18,642
22,438
26,429
19,148
16,429
16,004
19,939
24,192
2,897
2,862
2,638
2,499
2,237
14,023
11,805
11,424
214,974
18,502
5,055
4,576
4,534
4,889
5,754
16,759
15,826
15,069
15,018
14,026
5,156
4,807
4,465
4,365
4,003
69.5
.6
.1
3.779.6
163
2,567
655.6
737.5
699.6
818.6
1,060.8
3.717.3
2.888.5
2,019.5
3.929.2
3.679.2
2,370
1,770
1,241
2,240
2,014
754.9
700.3
488.8
891.0
782.2
567 3 2 . 4 5 3 . 2
489 3 1 , 0 0 9 . 9
329 2 9 . 8 1 3 . 7
537 3 0 . 0 5 8 . 8
463 2 8 . 5 0 6 . 8
27,465.8
26.226.3
25.250.4
25,467.2
24.182.6
101.1
92.2
87.6
83.1
62.6
4.886.2
4.691.2
4,475.5
4.508.5
4.261.6
24.038
22,571
21,311
21,115
19,561
22,001
20,714
19,611
19.455
18,099
2,037
1,857
1,700
1,659
1,462
3,273.8
2,160.8
1,560.5
1,103.5
1,948.1
1,707
1,140
773
616
380
326
175
137
265
26.546.1
25.261.7
24.159.2
24.391.0
26.093.9
22,567.8
21.544.7
20,657.2
20,901.4
22,396.2
58.9
51.5
44.9
43.4
41.8
3.919.3
3.665.4
3.457.0
3.446.1
3.655.8
17,637
16,557
15,367
15,427
16,621
16,344
15,414
14,348
14,339
15.456
1,292
1,143
1,019
1,108
697.3
576.2
329.2
228.3
432.2
2.787.4
4,455.1
3.775.4
2.936.5
3.692.3
1,644
2,790
2,572
2,164
2,607
575.3
881.9
583.3
464.7
608.6
390
622
460
420
484
26.749.8
26.704.8
24,688.6
23.303.4
22.200.1
23.034.7
23.120.8
21.362.2
20.193.3
19.267.9
40.5
33.9
31.9
27.6
24.3
3.674.5
3.549.9
3,294.4
3.082.4
2.907.8
15,777
15,051
13,090
11,936
10,552
14,753
14,139
12,361
11,331
10,063
1,023
911
728
605
488
3,735.1
3,185.8
3.624.7
2,274.1
1,468.0
2,458
1,970
2,196
1,494
1,038
530.6
416.6
409.2
269.9
148.0
458
318
308
226
166
20.068.5
17.612.9
15,102.1
12.273.5
10.493.6
17.481.0
15.436.1
13,253.0
10,704.0
9,212.1
17.8
2.569.7
2.176.8
1,849.0
1.569.5
1.281.5
9,143
7,809
6,313
5,014
4,064
8,749
7,497
6,078
4,841
3,935
394
312
235
173
129
1.905.5
1.651.6
943.4
1.745.7
1,525.5
1,809
1,365
801
1,053
921
321.7
224.7
227.2
128.1
92.1
423
371
434
220
161
9,239.1
7.576.8
6.160.4
5.118.5
3.617.9
8,131.5
6,679.1
5,554.9
4,727.4
3,367.8
1.107.6
897.7
605.4
391.0
250.0
3,448
2,747
3,346
2,672
102
75
895.9
548.1
461.5
356.0
199.3
575
420
399
335
225
74.0
24.9
23.5
22.0
10.6
125
44
44
43
21
2,490.9
1,763.0
1,258.0
944.0
639. £
2,332.4
1,664.0
1,190.3
901.5
618.7
158.5
99.0
67.6
42.4
20.7
181.0
215
159
135
91
6.0
3.2
1.5
1.0
9
5
468.6
312.0
198.4
143.2
10.1
108.1
458.3
305.9
194.4
140.3
105.9
78.8
55.2
32.9
23.0
14.8
77.4
54.5
32.9
23.0
14.8
1.4
.7
8.0
8.0
222.8
123.9
63.5
43.0
33.2
24.2
22.1
11.2
9.0
7.0
4.1
(Z)
(Z)
61
38
23
13
10
2
1
1
1
1
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Z Less than $500,000.
1 A substantial portion of the number of trucks and buses (series Q 150) consists of
716
Gallons
1,088
1,164
6.0
4.0
2.9
2.2
chassis only, without bodies; hence the value of bodies for these chassis (series Q 151)
is not included.
2 Beginning 1942, includes travel by military vehicles.
Q 136-250
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 163-174. Automobile Insurance: 1946 to 1970
[Money figures in millions of dollars.
1950, net basis; 1955, direct writing basis; 1960 and 1965, direct premiums earned and direct losses incurred; 1969, premiums written basis;
1970, premiums earned basis]
Bodily injury
Losses paid 1
Premiums
written
Year
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965_
1964_
1963
1962
1961
__
1960*
1959
1958
1957
1956.
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
__
.
...
.
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
..
Total
Property damage 2
Premiums
written
165
166
Losses paid 1
Losses paid 1
Losses paid 1
Percent of
premiums
written
Total
Percent of
premiums
written
167
168
Premiums
written
169
Premiums
written
Total
Percent of
premiums
written
170
171
172
Total
Percent of
premiums
written
173
174
163
164
14,612
12,906
11,693
10,800
10,008
8,358
7,582
7,341
6,922
6,668
11,198
7,715
6,642
5,814
5,235
5,221
4,787
4,459
4,034
3,723
76.6
59.8
56.8
53.8
52.3
62.5
63.1
60.7
58.3
55.8
6,723
5,892
5,383
4,991
4,610
3,948
3,612
3,333
3,144
2,977
5,256
3,093
2,802
2,580
2,351
2,459
2,266
2,017
1,849
1,744
78.2
52.5
52.1
51.7
51.0
62.3
62.7
60.5
58.8
58.6
2,836
2,544
2,280
2,091
1,894
1,567
1,418
1,328
1,276
1,285
2,291
1,693
1,416
1,224
1,090
1,025
940
826
748
705
80.8
66.5
62.1
58.5
59.6
65.4
66.3
62.2
58.6
54.9
5,053
4,470
4,030
3,718
3,504
2,843
2,552
2,680
2,502
2,406
3,651
2,929
2,424
2,011
1,794
1,737
1,581
1,616
1,437
1,274
72.3
65.5
60.1
54.1
51.2
61.1
62.0
60.3
57.4
53.0
6,448
6,060
5,404
5,037
4,541
4,644
4,175
4,165
3,608
2,995
3,645
3,445
2,846
2,714
2,363
2,122
1,869
1,810
1,646
1,406
56.5
56.8
52.7
53.9
52.0
45.7
44.8
43.5
45.6
47.0
2,841
2,596
2,432
2,180
1,899
1,735
1,642
1,562
1,332
1,126
1,697
1,615
1,280
1,141
923
820
746
661
569
493
59.7
62.2
52.6
52.3
48.6
47.3
45.4
42.3
42.7
43.8
1,219
1,185
1,087
989
925
896
877
833
715
575
675
655
572
541
488
415
387
374
369
313
55.4
55.3
52.6
54.7
52.8
46.3
44.1
44.9
51.5
54.5
2,388
2,279
1,885
1,868
1,717
2,013
1,656
1,770
1,561
1,294
1,273
1,175
994
1,032
952
887
736
775
708
600
53.3
51.6
52.7
55.2
55.4
43.6
44.4
43.8
45.4
46.3
2,625
2,332
2,019
1,657
1,250
1,069
901
802
673
582
40.7
38.7
39.7
40.6
46.6
931
879
744
636
500
396
343
286
235
189
42.5
39.0
38.4
36.9
37.7
482
453
366
289
193
231
205
171
138
107
47.9
45.3
46.9
37.9
55.1
1,212
999
910
732
557
442
353
345
300
287
36.5
41.0
37.9
41.0
51.5
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 For 1970, includes adjusting expenses.
Series Q 175-186.
2
3
Covers real property against damage by autos.
Covers auto fire, theft, collision, and comprehensive.
Percent Distribution of Automobile Ownership, and Financing: 1947 to 1970
[In percent.
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii]
Method of financing purchases
Families owning automobiles
All passenger cars 1
Years
Physical damage 3
Automobile liability
Total insurance
Used passenger cars 1
New passenger cars 1
Total
Owning 1
automobile
Owning
2 or more
automobiles
Total
Full
cash 2
Installment
credit
and other
borrowing
Total
Full
cash 2
Installment
credit
and other
borrowing
Total
Full
cash 2
Installment
credit
and other
borrowing
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
1970
1969
1968
1967..
1966.
1965...
1964
1963
1962..
1961.
82
79
79
78
79
79
78
80
74
76
54
52
53
53
54
55
55
58
57
58
28
27
26
25
25
24
22
22
17
18
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
47
47
42
48
48
48
47
45
44
48
53
53
58
52
52
52
53
55
56
52
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
34
34
31
38
37
40
40
38
38
39
66
66
69
62
63
60
60
62
62
61
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
52
51
50
53
52
53
51
49
48
52
48
49
50
47
48
47
49
51
50
48
I960...
1959
1958
1957..
1956..
1955
1954
1953...
1952
1951
77
74
70
75
72
70
66
61
60
60
62
59
60
62
61
60
58
55
56
56
15
15
10
13
9
10
8
5
4
4
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
38
38
43
38
36
38
37
38
35
44
62
61
56
60
61
60
61
61
63
55
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
33
33
36
36
34
39
38
40
41
52
67
66
63
63
63
60
61
59
57
47
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
41
41
45
39
38
37
36
37
33
39
59
57
54
58
60
60
61
62
65
60
1950
1949
1948...
1947
59
56
54
7
3
100
100
100
100
47
50
59
65
52
49
39
35
100
100
100
100
54
56
66
71
46
43
33
29
100
100
100
100
41
47
55
63
57
52
42
37
... _
3
52
48
3
1 Refers to purchases during preceding year.
Includes cars received as gifts, whether
cash or credit purchased. Detail in purchases excludes buyers for whom method of
financing was not ascertained.
2 Includes trade-in allowance,
8 Based on spending units (persons
living in the same dwelling and related by blood,
marriage, or adoption) who pooled their income for major items of expense.
717
Q 187-207
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 187-198.
[Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Average speed (m.p.h.)
Vehicles
recorded
(1,000)
All
vehicles
Passenger
cars
Percent of vehicles exceeding—
Trucks
Buses
40
m.p.h.
45
m.p.h.
50
m.p.h.
190
191
192
193
194
188
1
Speed of Motor Vehicles on Highways: 1945 to 1970
Based on actual speed of each vehicle recorded on tangent sections of main rural highways during off-peak hours]
55
m.p.h.
60
m.p.h.
65
m.p.h.
70
m.p.h.
196
197
198
488
388
480
478
519
552
569
539
602
574
59.2
60.0
59.0
58.0
57.3
56.4
55.9
55.8
53.8
52.6
60.6
61.3
60.4
59.5
58.8
57.8
57.2
57.1
55.1
53.7
54.7
54.9
54.0
53.1
52.6
51.8
51.0
51.3
49.4
48.2
58.8
59.4
60.5
59.4
58.8
57.4
57.8
58.1
56.0
55.3
97
98
97
96
96
95
95
95
93
92
93
92
91
89
88
87
88
84
80
83
82
81
79
76
73
71
72
64
60
68
67
66
64
59
56
53
52
43
38
47
46
45
44
40
34
32
29
21
18
459
396
515
344
381
395
236
241
341
273
52.6
52.0
51.7
51.4
50.5
50.5
49.7
49.7
49.5
48.9
53.8
53.3
52.8
52.6
51.8
52.0
51.1
51.1
50.8
50.1
48.2
47.3
47.3
47.0
46.2
45.6
45.2
44.9
45.0
44.4
55.5
53.5
53.6
52.6
52.3
52.3
51.8
51.5
52.1
51.2
92
90
90
89
87
87
86
85
84
82
80
77
77
75
72
72
69
69
68
63
58
56
55
52
49
50
46
47
45
42
37
36
33
33
30
29
26
27
26
24
16
16
15
15
14
14
12
13
12
11
280
223
164
132
158
96
47.6
47.6
47.7
46.9
45.2
44.0
48.7
48.7
48.8
48.1
46.1
45.0
43.0
43.5
43.1
42.5
40.2
39.8
49.8
50.3
50.0
48.4
47.8
45.5
77
78
77
75
68
64
58
60
59
56
48
42
37
38
36
34
29
24
20
21
20
18
15
8
9
9
8
7
5
11
27
27
26
24
12
13
12
12
August 15 to December 31.
Series Q 199-207.
Miles of Travel by Motor Vehicles: 1921 to 1970
[In million vehicle-miles]
All motor vehicles
Passenger vehicles 1
Trucks and
combinations
Total
travel
Urban
travel
Rural
travel
.Urban
travel
Rural
travel
Urban
travel
Rural
travel
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
Average miles
per vehicle
All motor vehicles
Passenger Trucks and
vehicles 1
combinations
206
Year
207
Total
travel
577,373
544,547
513,289
485,493
469,777
423,853
405,086
385,422
368,089
339,633
543,332
526,028
502,360
476,060
460,720
463,787
441,414
420,001
398,763
397,902
496,767
468,275
440.936
417,209
402,573
358,796
342,755
327,079
318.937
294,191
409,268
395,620
378,062
361,888
354,019
355,188
339,474
322,775
314,626
314,762
80,606
76,272
72,353
68,284
67,204
65,057
62,331
58,343
49,152
45,442
134,064
130,408
124,298
114,172
106,701
108,599
101,940
97,226
84,137
83,140
9,798
9,650
9,507
9,420
9,407
9,278
9,311
9,265
9.467
9,492
11,450
11,565
11,571
11,268
11,207
11,737
11,723
11,644
10,406
10,461
1935.
1934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926
228,568
215,563
200,642
200,517
216,151
206,320
197,720
172,856
158,453
140,735
718,845
700,478
664,653
647,004
631,161
605,646
561,963
544,433
513,581
491,093
331,585
323,790
307,069
296,699
287,200
275,105
247,551
236,058
224,118
222,671
387,260
376,688
357,584
350,305
343,961
330,541
314,412
308,375
289,463
268,422
286,898
279,931
265,729
256,563
246,961
235,384
210,671
199,754
189,987
188,670
305,538
297,393
283,454
277,235
271,955
261,445
246,733
240,046
224,534
207,579
44,687
43,859
41,340
40,136
40.239
39,721
36,880
36,304
34,131
34,001
81,722
79,295
74,130
73,070
72,006
69,096
67,679
68,329
64,929
60,843
9,474
9,559
• 9,524
9,425
9,389
9,400
9,354
9,417
9,442
9,208
10,583
10,552
10,348
10,328
10,813
10,697
10,883
10,927
10,940
10,790
1925.
1924
1923.
1922
1921
122,346
104,838
84,995
67,697
55,027
458,246
424,461
397,957
370,894
340,880
250,173
212,713
208,192
268,224
333,612
218,248
205,364
199,082
184,088
170,049
130,161
110,750
108,990
138,235
163,591
239,998
219,097
198,875
186,806
170,831
120,012
101,963
99,202
129,989
170,021
184,476
175,686
170,331
158,770
148,497
111,401
93,679
91,942
119,653
143,101
183,218
171,044
153,617
145,921
136,153
92,831
77,264
74,592
102,780
135,558
33,772
29,678
28,751
25,318
21,552
18,760
17,071
17,048
18,582
20,490
56,780
48,053
45,258
40,885
34,678
27,181
24,699
24,610
27,209
34,463
9,078
9.468
9,648
9,814
10,033
7,870
6,647
6,366
7,910
9,663
10,776
9,915
10,030
9,955
9,630
9,270
8,998
9,034
9,616
10,750
302,188
285,402
271,177
270,110
252,128
149,993
142,253
136,264
138,072
129,450
152,195
143,149
134,913
132,038
122,678
130,269
122,805
117,537
118,216
110,419
121,988
115,378
109,145
107,743
100,602
19,724
19,448
18,727
19,856
19,031
30,207
27,771
25,768
24,295
22,076
9,129
9,025
8,923
8,819
8,675
10,626
10,504
10,383
10,264
10,098
718
1
Passenger cars, buses, and taxicabs.
Rural
travel
201
199
1,120 705
1,070 ,575
1,015 649
961 553
930 497
887 i640
846 ,500
805 ,423
766 852
737 535
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Urban
travel
118,327
112,513
105,578
106,366
115,580
111,202
107,409
110,241
103,050
95,064
94,151
100,571
95,118
90,311
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 208-223.
Q 208-232
Motor Vehicle Deaths and Death Rates, by Age: 1913 to 1970
[Rates are deaths per 100,000 population]
All ages
Year
or period
Number
Rate
208
209
Under 5 years
1
6-14 years
15-24 years
25-44 years
45-64 years
65-74 years
Number
Rate
Number
Rate
Number
Rate
Number
Rate
Number
Rate
Number
Rate
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
75 years and over 2
Number
Rate
223
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
54,633
56,791
55,200
52,924
53,041
25.3
27.6
28.8
27.8
28.3
1,915
2,077
2,100
2,067
2,182
11
11
11
10
11
2
6
0
7
0
4,159
4,045
4,200
3,845
3,869
10
9
10
9
9
2
8
2
4
6
16,720
17,443
16,600
15,646
15,298
46.7
49.8
51.6
49.2
48.8
13,446
13,868
13,600
12,987
13,282
27.9
28.9
28.5
27.6
28.6
11,099
11,012
11,300
10,902
11,051
26.5
26.6
27.8
26.9
27 9
4,084
4,210
4,100
4,285
4,217
32.7
35.2
34.5
36.5
36.4
3,210
3,136
3,300
3,192
3,142
42.2.
41.5
46.7
45.7
45.6
1965...
1964
1963
1962
1961
49,163
47,700
43,564
40,804
38,091
26.5
26.1
24.3
23.1
22.0
2,059
2,120
1,991
1,903
1,891
10
10
9
9
9
1
2
6
2
2
3,526
3,430
3,063
3,028
2,802
8
8
8
8
7
9
8
0
1
6
13,395
12,400
11,123
10,157
9,088
44.2
42.7
40.1
38.4
36.5
12,595
12,500
11,356
10,701
10,212
27.1
26.8
24.4
22.9
21.8
10,509
10,200
9,506
8,812
8,267
27.0
26.6
25.1
23.6
22.5
4,077
4,150
3,786
3,696
3,467
35.5
36.4
33.4
32.8
31.0
3,002
2,900
2,739
2,507
2,364
45.0
44.9
43 9
41.5
40.5
1960
1959...
1958
1957
1956
38,137
37,910
36,981
38,702
39,628
22.4
22.7
22.5
24.1
25.1
1,953
1,842
1,791
1,785
1,770
9
9
9
9
9
6
2
1
2
4
2,814
2,719
2,710
2,604
2,640
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
1
0
4
9,117
8,969
8,388
8,667
9,169
37.7
38.2
37.0
39.7
42.9
10,189
10,358
10,414
11,230
11,551
21.8
22.2
22.2
23.9
24.6
8,294
8,263
7,922
8,545
8,573
22.9
23.2
22.6
24.8
25.3
3,457
3,487
3,535
3,560
3,657
31.3
32.3
33.5
34.4
36.2
2,313
2,272
2,221
2,311
2,268
41.1
41.8
42.3
45.5
46.4
1955....
1964
1953
1952.
1961
38,426
35,586
37,955
37,794
36,996
24.6
23.0
24.9
25.0
24.6
1,875
1,864
2,019
1,951
1,875
10
10
11
11
10
2
4
5
3
9
2,406
2,332
2,368
2,296
2,300
8
8
8
8
9
0
1
5
7
2
8,656
7,571
8,169
8,115
7,713
40.9
36.2
39.1
38.6
36.0
11,448
10,602
11,302
11,380
11,253
24.5
22.6
24.6
24.7
24.7
8,372
7,848
8,318
8,463
8,276
25.2
24.0
25.8
26.7
26.5
3,455
3,247
3,508
3,472
3,444
35.1
33.9
37.7
38.5
39.5
2,214
2,203
2,271
2,118
2,135
47.1
49.0
52.6
50.8
53.0
1950
1949.
1948
1947
1946
34,763
31,701
32,259
32,697
33,411
23.3
21.5
22.3
23.0
24.0
1,767
1,667
1,635
1,502
1,568
10
10
11
10
11
8
7
0
5
9
2,152
2,158
2,337
2,275
2,508
8
9
9
9
10
8
0
8
7
8
7,600
6,772
7,218
7,251
7,445
34.5
30.7
32.5
32.8
34.4
10,214
8,892
8,702
8,775
8,95-5
22.5
19.9
19.8
20.3
21.1
7,728
7,073
7,190
7,468
7,532
25.1
23.4
24.3
25.7
26.4
3,264
3,116
3,173
38.8
37.8
39.6
2,038
2,023
2,001
5,426
5,403
62.4
53.9
55.4
48.2
49.6
1945
1944
1943
1938-1942 avg
1933-1937 avg
28,076
24,282
23,823
33,549
36,313
21.4
18.3
17.7
25.5
29.3
1,290
1,203
1,132
1,187
1,273
10
9
9
11
12
0
6
4
1
4
2,386
2,093
1,959
2,453
3,054
10
9
8
10
12
3
1
6
8
7
5,358
4,561
4,522
6,705
6,790
27.8
22.6
20.6
28.5
29.3
7,578
6,514
6,454
9,173
10,224
19.7
16.7
16.1
23.1
26.9
6,794
5,982
5,996
8,594
9,521
24.2
21.6
22.0
32.8
39.8
4,670
3,929
3,760
6,437
5,451
44.1
38.2
37.6
59.8
69.8
1928-1932
1923-1927
1918-1922
1913-1917
30,900
21,700
12,500
6,700
26.4
19.6
12.3
7.0
1,600
1,300
950
450
12
11
8
3
8
1
3
8
3,600
3,800
3,100
1,600
14
15
14
7
5
8
1
7
5,600
3,500
1,650
950
25.1
16.8
8.8
5.1
8,200
5,400
2,900
1,700
22.6
15.9
9.4
5.9
7,500
4,800
2,500
1,400
35.0
24.7
14.5
8.9
4,500
2,900
1,400
600
67.5
48.6
27.9
13.4
avg
avg
avg
avg
1 Based on populations standardized for age (base 1940) to remove influence of changes
in age distribution that occurred between 1913 and 1969.
Series Q 224-232.
Year
2
Includes "age unknown."
In 1967, those deaths numbered about 23.
Motor-Vehicle Accidents—Number and Deaths, by Type of Accident: 1913 to 1970
Traffic deaths i
Total
motorvehicle
accidents
(1,000)
Total
Noncollision
accidents
224
225
226
Traffic death rates
Collision accidents
With other
motor vehicles
With
pedestrians
With fixed
objects
population
Per
10,000
motor
vehicles
227
228
229
230
231
Per
100,000
Per
100 million
vehicle
miles
232
1970.
1969.
1968
1967
1966.
16,000
15,500
14,600
13,700
13,600
54,633
55,791
54,862
52,924
53,041
2 15,400
15,700
17,400
16,700
16,300
23,200
23,700
22,400
22,000
22,200
9,900
10,100
9,900
9,400
9,400
2 3,800
3,900
2,700
2,350
2,500
26.8
27.7
27.5
26.8
27.1
4.9
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
4.9
5.2
5.4
5.5
6.7
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
13,200
12,300
11,500
11,000
10,400
49,163
47,700
43,564
40,804
38,091
14,900
14,600
13,800
12,900
12,200
20,800
19,600
17,600
16,400
14,700
8,900
9,000
8,200
7,900
7,650
2,200
2,100
1,900
1,750
1,700
25.4
25.0
23.1
22.0
20.8
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.2
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
10,400
10,200
10,000
10,200
10,300
38,137
37,910
36,981
38,702
39,628
11,900
11,800
11,600
11,800
13,000
14,800
14,900
14,200
15,400
15,200
7,850
7,850
7,650
7,850
7,900
1,700
1,600
1,650
1,700
1,600
21.2
21.5
21.3
22.7
23.7
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.7
6.1
5.3
5.4
5.6
6.0
6.3
1955
1954
1953
1962
1951
9,900
9,550
9,900
9,500
9,400
38,426
35,586
37,955
37,794
36,996
12,100
11,500
12,200
11,900
11,200
14,500
12,800
13,400
13,500
13,100
8,200
8,000
8,750
8,900
9,150
1,600
1,500
1,500
1,450
1,400
23.4
22.1
24.0
24.3
24.1
6.1
6.1
6.7
7.1
7.1
6.3
6.3
7.0
7.4
7.5
See footnotes at end of table.
719
Q 224-234
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 224-232.
Year
Motor-Vehicle Accidents—Number and Deaths, by Type of Accident: 1913 to 1970—Con.
Traffic deaths 1
Total
motorvehicle
accidents
(1,000)
Total
Noncollision
accidents
224
225
226
Traffic death rates
Collision accidents
With other
motor vehicles
With
pedestrians
With fixed
objects 2
227
228
229
Per
100,000
population
Per
10,000
motor
vehicles
Per
100 million
vehicle
miles
230
231
232
_ ...
_
_ _
8,300
7,600
8,200
8,400
6,150
34,763
31,701
32,259
32,697
33,411
10,600
9,100
8,950
8,800
8,900
11,650
10,500
10,200
9,900
9,400
9,000
8,800
9,950
10,450
11,600
1,300
1,100
1,000
1,000
950
23.0
21.3
22.1
22.8
23.9
7.1
7.1
7.9
8.6
9.7
7.6
7.5
8.1
8.8
9.8
1945
1944..
1943 . . .
1942 _ _ _ _ _ _
1941
_ _ _
5,500
4,800
4,400
5,200
7,000
28,076
24,282
23,823
28,309
39,969
6,600
5,600
5,690
6,740
9,450
7,150
5,700
5,300
7,300
12,500
11,000
9,900
9,900
10,650
13,550
800
700
700
850
1,350
21.2
18.3
17.8
21.1
30.0
9.1
8.0
7.7
8.6
11.5
11.2
11.4
11.4
10.6
12.0
1940 .
1939
_
1938
_
1937 _. _ _ . . .
1936
_ _
6,100
5,700
5,800
7,000
34,501
32,386
32,582
39,643
38,089
7,800
7,900
7,350
9,690
9,410
10,100
8,700
8,900
10,320
9,500
12,700
12,400
12,850
15,500
15,250
1,100
1,000
940
1,160
1,060
26.1
24.7
25.1
30.8
29.7
10.6
10.4
10.9
13.2
13.4
11.4
11.4
12.0
14.7
15.1
1935
_ __
1934
1933
_ ...
1932 _. _
1931
_
36,369
36,101
31,363
29,500
33,700
9,720
9,820
8,680
7,000
7,850
8,750
8,110
6,470
6,070
6,820
14,350
14,480
12,840
11,490
13,370
1,010
1,040
900
800
870
28.6
28.6
25.0
23.6
27.2
13.7
14.3
13.0
12.2
13.0
15.9
16.8
15.6
16.1
17.0
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
32,900
31,200
28,000
25,800
23,400
8,730
8,430
7,360
7,280
5,880
5,400
4,310
3,430
12,900
12,250
11,420
10,820
720
620
540
500
26.7
25.7
23.4
21.8
20.1
12.4
11.8
11.4
11.2
10.6
17.4
17.3
17.4
17.7
18.0
19.1
17.1
16.5
11.0
11.0
17.9
12.2
1950
1949
1948. _
1947
1946
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
...
.
.
21,900
19,400
18,400
15,300
13,900
..
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
12,500
11,200
10,700
10,200
8,200
1915
1914
1913
6,600
4,700
4,200
1 Totals may not quite equal sums of various types because totals for most types are
estimated, and these have been rounded.
Series Q 233-234.
[In cents per gallon.
Year
2 Data based on improved reporting procedure; therefore, not entirely comparable
with other years.
State and Federal Gasoline Tax Rates: 1930 to 1970
When 2 figures appear in a cell, the first is tax in effect at beginning of year, the other is tax at end of year]
State
average
Federal
tax 1
233
234
Year
State
average
Federal
tax i
Year
State
average
1970.
1969_
1968.
1967.
1966.
7.01
6.84
6.62
6.45
6.42
4
4
4
4
4
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951.
5.35
5.19
5.10
4.83
4.74
2
2
2
2
.5-2
1940
1939.
1938
1937.
1936.
3.96
3.96
3.96
3.91
3.85
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
6.41
6.31
6.22
6.18
6.09
4
4
4
4
4
1950.
1949.
1948
1947.
1946
4.65
4.52
4.35
4.25
4.16
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1935.
1934
1933
1932
1931
3.80
3.66
3.66
3.60
3.48
I960.
1959*
1958.
1957.
1956.
5.94
5.86
5.65
5.58
5.54
4
3-4
3
3
2-3
1945
1944
1943.
1942
1941.
4.10
4.06
4.05
3.99
3.99
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1930
3.35
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 The 4-cent gasoline tax applies to all gallonage imported or produced.
Effective
July 1, 1955, the entire tax became refundable for fuel used for farming; thereafter,
720
the additional two cents (one cent levied July 1, 1956, and one cent levied Oct. 1,1959)
became refundable for nonhighway uses, and for use by local transit systems.
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 235-250.
Public Transit Mileage, Equipment, Passengers, and Passenger Revenue: 1917 to 1970
Mileage (Dec. 31)
Railway
track
Q 235-250
Trolley
coach
Motor
bus
Equipment owned (Dec. 31) Revenue and nonrevenue passengers
(millions)
Revenue
Railway Trolley
cars
coaches
238
Motor
buses
Total
Railway
Trolley
coach
Motor
bus
240
241
242
243
244
gers
(mil.)
ger
revenue
(mil.
dol.)
Employees
(1,000)
245
246
247
Passengers carried,
Emrailway (millions)
ployee
payroll
(mil.
Subway
dol.)
Surface
and
elevated
248
249
2,081
2,081
2,045
2,049
2,153
563 112,700
563 117,300
616 121,000
616 123,600
676 122,100
10,600
10,665
10,745
10,645
10,680
1,050
1,082
1,185
1,244
1,326
49,700
49,600
50,000
50,180
50,130
7,332
7,803
8,019
8,172
8,083
2,116
2,229
2,181
2,201
2,035
182
199
228
248
284
5,034
5,375
5,610
5,723
5,764
5,932 1.639.1
6,310 1.554.7
6,491 1.470.2
6,616 1,457.4
6,671 1.385.4
138
141
144
146
144
1,274
1,184
1,110
1,055
995
235
249
253
263
282
2,173
2,173
2,236
2,557
2,601
766 120,900
986 118,300
1,119 117,400
1,849 114,300
2,017 111,500
10,664
10,614
10,634
11,084
11,419
1,453
1,865
2,155
3,161
3,593
49,600
49,200
49,400
48,800
49,000
8,253
8,328
8,400
8,695
8,883
2,134
2,166
2,165
2,283
2.289
305
349
413
547
601
5,814
5,813
5,822
5,865
5,993
6,798 1.340.1
6,854 1,326.0
6,915 1.316.3
7,122 1.330.2
7,242 1,320.9
145
145
147
149
152
964
917
892
878
856
276
289
329
284
434
3,143
3,445
3,844
5,019
5,746
2,196 108,700
2,491 106,300
2,723 104,500
3,007 102,400
3,293 100,700
11,866
11,983
12,201
12,759
13,225
3,826
4,297
4,848
5,412
5,748
49,600
49,500
50,100
50,800
51,400
9,395
9,557
9,732
10,389
10,941
2,313
2,349
2,387
2,522
2,756
657
749
843
993
1,142
6,425
6,459
6,502
6,874
7,043
7,521
7,650
7,778
8,338
8,756
1,334.9
1.308.0
1,282.2
1.319.8
1.351.1
156
159
165
177
186
857
832
831
840
852
463
521
572
679
876
6,197
6,765
7,352
8,532
9,457
3,428
3,630
3,663
3,736
3,678
99,800
99,000
100,000
99,600
99,700
14,532
15,600
17,234
19,176
20.604
6,157
6,598
6,941
7,180
7,071
52,400
54,000
54,700
55,980
57,660
11,529
12,392
13,!
15,119
16,125
3,077
3,401
4,076
4,601
5.290
1,202
1,367
1,566
1,640
1,633
7,250
7,624
8,260
8,878
9,202
9,189
9,858
11,036
12,022
12,281
1.358.9
1.410.0
1,448.6
1.438.1
1.411.6
198
211
220
227
232
864
895
913
903
872
1,207
1,489
2,036
2,477
3,101
10,813
11,931
12,964
14,976
16,716
3,513
3,337
2,905
2,699
2,354
98,000
96,400
96,500
95,300
91,100
22,986
24,728
26,280
30,158
33,479
6,504
6,366
5,687
4,707
3,916
56,820
57,035
58,540
56,917
52,450
17,246
19,008
21,368
22,540
23,372
6,168
7,185
9,112
10,852
11,862
1,658
1,661
1,528
1,356
1,311
9,420
10,162
10,728
10,332
10,199
13,845
15.251
17,312
18,287
19,119
1,386.8
1.419.7
1.416.8
1.324.2
1.331.5
240
253
261
266
261
835
841
829
790
713
3,904
4,839
6,506
8,096
9,027
17,702
18,082
18,181
18,171
18,342
2,313
2,245
2,248
2,273
2,041
90,400
87,700
87,000
85,500
82,100
36,377
37,199
37,505
37,508
37,670
3,711
3,561
3,501
3,385
3,029
49,670
48,400
47,100
46,000
39,300
23,254
23,017
22,000
18,000
14,085
12,124
12,137
11,806
9,856
8,502
1,244
1,234
1,175
899
652
9,886
9,646
9,019
7,245
4,931
18,982 1,313.7
18,735 1.296.9
17,918 1,235 "
14,501
979.1
11,302
758.8
242
242
2j9
219
205
632
599
554
462
386
9,426
9,516
9,150
7,290
6,074
19,602
20,600
21,800
23,770
25,300
1,925
1,543
1,398
1,166
78,000
74,300
70,400
67,000
37,662
40,372
42.605
45,312
48,103
2,802
2,184
2,032
1,655
1,136
35,000
32,600
28,500
27,500
23,900
13,098
12,837
12,645
13,246
13,146
8,325
8,539
8,781
9,468
9,824
534
445
389
289
143
4,239
3,853
3,475
3,489
3,179
10,504
10.252
9,985
10,436
10,512
701.5
681.5
662.9
689.7
685
203
202
206
360
352
344
348
328
5,943
6,171
6,545
7,161
7,501
26,700
28,500
548
423
58,100
54,700
50,466
54,118
58,124
578
441
310
23,800
18,700
17,200
12,226
12,038
11,327
12,025
13,924
9,512
9,600
9,207
9,852
11,583
96
68
45
37
28
2,618
2,370
2,075
2,136
2,313
9,782
642.3
204
204
201
311
303
287
7,276
7,394
7,074
15,567
16,985
16,989
17,201
17,234
13,072
14,358
14,518
14,901
15,225
16
5
3
2,479
2,622
2,468
2,300
2,009
16,651
16,301
16,311
15,735
15,167
15,312
15,650
15,331
14,574
62,200
1,484
989
661
404
15,541
14,916
14,243
14,507
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
721
TRANSPORTATION
Q 251-263
Series Q 251-263.
Miles
of line
operated
251
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
Oil originated
Oil Pipelines Operated and Oil Originated: 1921 to 1970
Oil delivered out of system
Crude
Refined
Total
T o connecting
carriers
252
253
254
255
256
Terminated
Investment
Companies in carrier
reporting
property
Number
Current
Current
liabilities
Retained
income
Capitalization
260
261
262
Mil. bbl.
Mil. bbl.
Mil. bbl.
Mil. bbl.
Mil. bbl.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
Mil. dol.
175,735
170,824
169,307
165,478
163.155
3,568
3,405
3,203
3.017
2,826
2,449
2,316
2,203
2,035
1,774
8,147
7,745
7,269
6,800
6,238
2,320
2,243
2,048
1,890
1,770
5,827
5,499
5,221
4,910
4,468
101
99
97
90
87
786
379
139
745
433
628
644
562
519
572
480
441
431
354
333
1,124
1,037
950
873
858
2,518
2,267
2,130
1,943
1,790
161,412
159,583
156,812
155,053
153,737
2,618
2,567
2,467
2,379
2,336
1,629
1,381
1,182
1,078
966
5,864
5,565
5,322
5,109
4,923
1,757
1,684
1,648
1,624
1,646
4,107
3,881
3,673
3,485
3,277
90
94
92
4,178
4,040
3,915
3,518
3,407
555
530
535
432
432
301
293
254
184
190
835
812
843
798
769
1,635
1,620
1,685
1,383
1,397
151,968
149,159
144,354
145,236
142,686
2,239
2,182
2.018
2,183
2,195
909
849
757
668
663
4,783
4,659
4,317
4,472
4,458
1,639
1,624
1,509
1,590
1,613
3,144
3,035
2,807
2,883
2,845
87
85
82
82
83
3,300
3,197
2,949
2,843
2,716
393
384
347
364
368
187
175
154
161
217
701
673
633
600
467
1,439
1,385
1,383
1,357
1,304
140,374
138,962
133,900
132,715
131,457
2,038
1,829
1,861
1,810
1,774
586
502
435
385
345
4,039
3,705
3,627
3,359
3,201
1,444
1,355
1,279
1,198
1,126
2,595
2,349
2,349
2,161
2,075
84
81
78
75
76
2,586
2,501
2,312
2,064
1,822
353
316
301
323
233
185
155
173
182
166
432
403
372
328
279
1,282
1,266
1,177
1,024
759
128,589
124,984
124,092
119,298
116,544
1,525
1,415
1,586
1,431
1,319
297
241
227
187
154
2,740
2,448
2,697
2,474
2,260
937
792
880
851
766
1,803
1,656
1,817
1,623
1,494
76
73
73
71
70
1,656
1,498
1,381
1,225
1,106
192
175
168
127
104
126
97
110
105
83
219
202
180
148
129
549
439
339
298
113,351
111,615
108,783
106,485
105,435
1,292
1,277
1,123
981
971
150
147
144
92
82
2,365
2,389
2,077
1,764
1,642
964
1,043
866
692
563
1,401
1,347
1,211
1,072
1,079
74
75
74
69
71
1,043
1,001
965
919
885
115
104
108
81
56
78
91
82
75
91
120
93
71
62
30
301
283
297
301
293
100.156
98,681
95,938
96,612
93,926
886
803
793
885
755
72
70
65
63
52
1,407
451
956
907
868
910
788
66
63
59
58
52
842
830
808
803
774
47
32
35
44
42
52
48
45
51
43
51
40
40
42
295
310
295
323
309
92,037
93,070
93,724
92,782
93,090
723
557
538
508
489
44
3'5
29
25
16
709
53
51
48
46
49
763
758
766
764
845
47
72
66
77
132
40
11
20
21
37
59
101
92
89
171
346
348
360
368
474
88,728
85,796
81,676
76,070
72,846
40
37
33
32
33
773
741
659
609
539
133
129
130
125
93
167
186
186
150
130
458
428
388
388
342
70,009
68,185
64,760
57,349
55,260
35
36
34
36
33
511
496
432
382
365
159
144
130
127
102
107
78
152
148
346
496
497
472
337
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii,
1 After extraordinary and prior period items.
722
Chapter Q
Rail Transportation (Series Q 264-412)
Q 264-412.
General note.
The principal sources of these series are various issues of two annual
publications of the Interstate Commerce Commission: For 19541970, Transport Statistics in the United States, part 1; and for all years
prior to 1954, Statistics of Railways in the United States.
N o attempt has been made to adjust the figures for the effect of
changes in methods of accounting and reporting; hence, the data for
the various years are often only approximately comparable.
Although railroads regulated by the I C C are still described legally
as "steam railways," most train and switching operations, since
1957, are performed by diesel locomotives, and some divisions of the
railways included are electrified. The Commission has also regulated
a small and diminishing number of railways of the interurban electric
type which are not included in the figures shown here.
Railway operating companies are those whose officers direct the
actual transportation service and whose; books contain operating as
well as financial accounts. Lessor companies maintain a separate
legal existence!, but their properties are operated by the lessees.
Proprietary companies are also nonoperating companies. Their
outstanding capitalization is owned by other railway companies. The
term "circular" refers to roads (operating or nonoperating; for which
brief circulars showing date of incorporation, mileage, and a few
other facts were filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission.
They include intrastate roads and roads under construction. The
term "unofficial" is used to indicate roads for which official returns
were not received by the ICC—the figures having been taken from
the returns by roads in prior years, and items contained in railway
and engineering periodicals and newspapers, corrected in accordance
with the best information available.
Snitching and terminal companies are those operating separately
for joint account or for revenue. Services such as those of switching
and terminal companies are mostly performed directly by the line-haul
carriers as an ordinary part of their business. Line haul denotes
train movements between terminals and stations on main and branch
lines of the road, exclusive of switching.
Beginning in 1911, the I C C classified operating companies on the
basis of operating revenues. Those of class I had annual revenues
above $1,000,000; class II, above $100,000; and class III, below
$100,000. Beginning in 1956, the minimum for class I was raised
to $3,000,000 and the other two classes were consolidated. Effective
January 1965, the classification was changed to the following: Class I,
$5,000,000 or more; and class II, under $5,000,000. If the; revenues
of a company fall below the limit:, the company is not reclassified
until the decline appears to be; permanent. The relative importance
of class I railroads has increased since; 1911 because of the growth of
traffic and the absorption of small re>ads in larger systems. The ratio
oi operating revenues of class 1 line-haul companies to the; total
revenues of classes I, II, and 111 was 96.48 percent in 1911, 97.45 in
1916, 98.07 in 1926, 98.76 in 1941, 99.06 in 1945, and 98.21 in 1969.
A collection of definitions of words or phrases frequently used in
discussions of railway statistics has been issued by the ICC, entitleei
Railway Statistical Terms, Statement No. 4119, June 1941. For
financial terms, see ICC, Uniform System of Accounts for Steam
Railroads.
Statistics of mileage in existence and stocks of equipment, and
balance sheet items, pertain to the end of the; year indicated.
There are no class I railroads in Alaska or Hawaii.
Q 264-273.
Elcctric railways—summary, 1890-1937.
Source: U.S. Bureau e>f the Census, Census of Electrical Industries,
Report on Street Railways and Trolley-Iiux and Motorbus Operations.
The census of street railways, which was first taken in 1890, and
which was taken at quinquennial intervals from 1902 through 1937,
covers all street railways, without regard to kind of motive power, and
all interurban railways using other than steam as motive power. The
nonelectric railroads included are those operated principally by cable
and gasoline engines. Operations of electrified divisions of steamrailway companies are not included. Figures in these series do not
include data for motorbus and trolley-bus e>perations of electric street
railways. For motorbus and trolley-bus statistics from census reports, see source.
Q 274-282.
Railroad passenger and freight scrvice, 1865-1890.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Railway Statistics
Before 1890, Statement- No. 32151 (mimeographed), 1932.
Before 1890, the principal semrce of continuous informatiem on
railroads is the annual Poor's Manual of Railroads. The figures in
the Manual were revised in successive issues. The Interstate Commence Commissiem consulted the issues from 1869 to 1900 and evidently took account e>f the revisions. Earnings and traffic figures
are understatements of actual level; mileage covered is shown in the
table below. Similar but not identical figures, with the degree of
ce>verage similarly indicated in terms of mileage, appear in Bureau of
the Census, Report on Transportation Business in the United States at
the Eleventh Census, 1890, part I.
Table I.
Miles of Road Operated by Railroads
|
Year
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886...
1885
1884
1883
1882
1881
1880.
1
. . _
.
. . .. . . ;
158,037
153,945
145,387
137,028
125,185
1
lloads
reporting
earnings
and
traffic
statistics
Itoaris
reporting
earnings 1
:
|
!
|
•
157,970
153,689
145,341
Hit). 986
125,141;
123,320 !
122,110
115,704 1
113,172
110,414 i
106,938
104,971 1
95.752
92.971 .
82,146 '- . . . .
Koaeis
reporting
earnings 1
Year
1879
1878.
....
..;
79,009
78,960
1876.
73,508
1875
1874
1873.
1872.
1871
71.759
69,273
,237
57,323
44,614
1851.
....;
8,836
Includes elevated railways.
All figures are; based e»n reports of individual railroads for fiscal
years finding in the calendar year indicated. The period of time
covered is, therefore, not the; same for all carriers included. Balance
sheet data pertain to the ends of such fiscal years.
Data for 1890 shown in these series do not agree with 1890 data
shown for series Q 284- 312 because of different sources.
Q 283.
Freight servicc, ton-miles carricd, 13 railroads, 1865-1885.
Source: II. V. and II. W . Poor, Manual of Railroads, New York
City, 1888, p. X X V I I I (reprinted with permission, Standard & Poor
Corporation).
The roads represented are 7 eastern roads (Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago; New York Central; Lake Shore;
Michigan Central; Boston and Albany; New York, Lake Erie and
Western) and 6 western roads (Illinois Central; Chicago and Alton;
Chicago and Rock Island; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy; Chicago
and Northwestern; Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul).
723
TRANSPORTATION
Q 284-329
Q 284-312. Railroad mileage, equipment, and passenger traffic and
revenue, 1890-1970.
Source: All series, except series Q 293-294, see general note for
series Q 264-412. Series Q 293, 1913-1970, and series Q 294,
1911-1956, American Railway Car Institute, New York, Railroad
Car Facts, annual issues (copyright); series Q 294,1957-1970, U.S.
Interstate Commerce Commission, Transport Statistics in the United
States, part 1, annual issues.
Q 285, mileage constructed. Miles on which operations were
begun during the year. Figures exclude relocated road or road constructed to shorten distance without serving new territory.
Q 286, mileage abandoned. Miles on which operation was permanently abandoned during the year, the cost of which was written
out of the investment accounts or was scheduled to be written out
at the end of the year.
Q 289, track operated, first main track. Equivalent to miles of
road operated. Figures exceed those for series Q 287, road owned,
in most years because of two or more roads operating on same line
under trackage agreements.
Q 300, average tractive effort. Figures represent the force in
pounds exerted by locomotives, measured at the rim of the driving
wheels.
Q 301-303, passenger-train cars. Includes coaches and parlor,
sleeping, dining, club, lounge, observation, postal, baggage, express,
and other cars, as well as cars serving a combination of purposes.
Q 311, passenger revenue. Excludes revenue from services such
as handling of excess baggage or mail; sleeping and parlor or chair car
reservations; dining and buffet service on trains; station, train, and
boat privileges; parcel rooms; storage of baggage; or other miscellaneous services and facilities connected with the transportation of passengers. Passenger revenue depends upon the established tariffs
(the published schedules of rates and fares) and includes extra fares
on limited trains, additional railway fares for the exclusive use of
space, mileage and scrip coupons honored, or revenue from the transportation of corpses.
Q 312, revenue per passenger mile. Represents figures for series
Q 311 divided b y those for series Q 307.
Q 313-314. Railroad revenue passenger-miles per car-mile and per
train-mile, 1890-1970.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1890-1965,
Revenue Traffic Statistics, December issues; 1966-1970, Transport
Economics, June 1970, and unpublished data.
Figures for revenue passenger-miles per car-mile
and for passenger-miles per train-mile for 1890-1932,
by the National Bureau of Economic Research from
senger-miles, car-miles, and train-miles presented
Railways in the United States.
Q 315.
for 1908-1919,
were computed
figures for pasin Statistics of
Passenger train-miles per train-hour, 1936-1970.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1936-1957, Passenger Train Performance, December issues; 1958-1968, Annual
Report, 1968 and 1969; 1969 and 1970, Transport Economics, June
1970, and unpublished data.
The train-hour figures upon which these figures are based are
reckoned from the time a train leaves its original terminal to the
time it arrives at its final terminal. Time spent in stopping to take
on and discharge traffic and other delays on the road is included.
Q 316-318. Railroad freight revenue ton-miles per loaded car-mile,
train-mile, and mile of road, 1890-1970.
Source: See general note for series Q 264-412.
724
Q 319.
Freight train-miles per train-hour, 1920-1970.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1920-1955, Freight
Train Performance, December issues; 1956-1965, Annual Report,
1967 and 1969; 1966-1970, Transport Economics, June 1970, and
unpublished data.
For explanation of train-hour figures, see text for series Q 315.
Q 320.
Freight car-miles per car-day, 1921-1970.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission. See general note
for series Q 264-412; 1956-1962, Annual Report, various issues;
1963-1965, Transport Statistics in the United States, 1967; 1966-1970,
Transport Economics, June 1970, and unpublished data.
Q 321-328.
Railroad mileage and equipment, 1830-1890.
Source: See source for series Q 274-282.
Equipment data pertain to the ends of fiscal years. See also text
for series Q 274-282.
Q 329.
Miles of railroad built, 1830-1925.
Source: 1830-1879, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Tenth Census
Reports, vol. IV, Report on the Agencies of Transportation in the United
States, p. 289. 1893-1925, Railway Age, vol. 104, N o . 1, SimmonsBoardman Publishing Corp., New York, January 1,1938, p. 66 (copyright).
For a more detailed discussion of the problems of estimating miles
of railroad built, see E. R. Wicker, "Railroad Investment Before
the Civil War," and the " C o m m e n t " b y George R. Taylor and b y
Charles J. Kennedy, in Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 24, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York.
The Tenth Census report (pp. 289-293, 300-375) contains materials
on history of construction which includes figures on mileage built and
existent, b y groups of States, for individual companies, annually from
1830 to 1880. Somewhat similar data appear in Bureau of the Census,
Report on Transportation Business in the United States at the Eleventh
Census: 1890, part 1, pp. 3 - 5 , 54-107.
According to the Bureau of the Census, information was received
from every railroad known to exist in 1880. The letter of instructions
from the Superintendent of the Census to the railroads said: " I n
c a s e s . . . in which the records have been lost, the officers of such
companies and roads are requested to obtain . . . this information in
the best form possible. The recollection of officers and employees
long in the service of a road may be used . . . if more reliable data be
not accessible."
The Railway Age obtained its figures at annual intervals from
individual railroads and from State railroad commissions.
It is not clear just when a mile of road would be reported as built.
Construction of some lines extended over several years. Each annual
segment may have been reported when finished, or nothing may have
been reported until the whole line was completed. The year of
physical completion may have differed from the year in which traffic
was first carried. In such cases, the mileage may have been assigned
to either year.
The Census Bureau figures pertain only to miles in operation in
the census year. The figures for any year are, therefore, understatements to the extent that mileage constructed in that year may
have been abandoned b y June 1,1880 (the date of the 1880 Census).
The change from year to year in miles operated, series Q 321,
or miles owned, series Q 322, is sometimes used as a measure of
miles constructed. The annual change in miles operated, however,
is also affected b y acquisitions of trackage rights, as a result of which
the same line may be counted in the operation of two or more railroads.
The changes in miles operated and in miles owned are affected b y
abandonments during the year (regardless of when constructed).
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Q 330.
Miles of railroad operated by receivers or trustees, 1894-1970.
Source: See general note for series Q 264-412.
Q 331-345.
Railroad freight traffic and revenue, 1890-1970.
Source: See general note for series Q 264-412 except series Q 331,
332, and 338,1964-1970, from U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission,
Freight Commodity Statistics of Class I Railroads in the United States,
annual issues.
Revenue-tons and ton-miles exclude the movement of a railroad
company's materials and supplies on its own lines. A carload is a
shipment of 10,000 pounds or more of one commodity from one shipper
to one consignee.
Tons originated are tons identified as not having had previous
line-haul transportation by other rail carriers; such shipments include
import traffic and traffic from outlying possessions of the United
States received from water carriers at the port of entry, and finished
products from transit points. Ton-miles are computed by multiplying the weight of each shipment by the distance it moves and
summing the products.
For definitions of class I, II, and I I I roads, see general note for
series Q 264-412.
Q 333, products of agriculture. Includes not only raw farm
products but simple manufactures such as flour, corn meal, cottonseed meal, cake, and linters. On the other hand, such products as
vegetable oils, sugar and molasses, canned fruits and vegetables, and
manufactured tobacco are included in series Q 337, manufactures
and miscellaneous.
Q 335, products of mines. Includes coke as well as coal and other
raw minerals.
Q 336, products of forests. Includes not only raw forest products
but lumber, shingles, lath; box, crate, and cooperage materials;
veneer and built-up wood.
Q 343, freight revenue. Includes revenue from the transportation
of freight and from transit, stop, diversion, and reconsignment arrangements upon the basis of tariffs. Excludes revenue from such
activities as switching of freight-train cars; water transfers of freight,
vehicles, and livestock; movement of freight trains at a rate per trainmile or for a lump sum; storage of freight; demurrage; grain elevators;
stockyards; or other miscellaneous services and facilities connected
with the transportation of freight.
Q 346-355. Railroad property investment, capital, income, and expenses, 1850-1890.
Source: See source for series Q 274-282.
See also text for same series.
Q 356-363.
Q 330-397
Q 364-366. Railroad capital expenditures for additions and betterments, 1921-1970.
Source: Association of American Railroads, 1921-1950, Railroad
Transportation; 1951-1970, Yearbook of Railroad Facts, 1971.
Additions comprise: Additional facilities such as equipment (rolling
stock), tracks, buildings and other structures; additions to such
facilities, such as extensions to tracks, buildings and other structures;
additional ties laid in existing tracks; and additional devices applied
to facilities such as airbrakes applied to cars not previously thus
equipped.
Betterments comprise improvements of existing facilities through
the substitution of superior parts for inferior parts retired, such as the
substitution of steel-tired wheels for cast wheels under equipment,
the application of heavier rail in tracks, the strengthening of bridges
by the substitution of heavier members, and the application of superior
floors or roofs in buildings.
Q 367-377. Railroad income and expenses, and interest and dividends, 1890-1970.
Source: See general note for series Q 264-412.
Q 367, operating revenue. Includes revenue from freight, passenger, and other transportation and incidental services.
Q 368-370, operating expenses. Includes current depreciation.
Q 371, tax accruals. Taxes imposed b y any form of government
whether based on an assessed value of the property, on amounts of
stocks and bonds, on earnings, income, dividends declared, payroll,
number of passengers, quantity of freight, length of road, rolling
stock, or other basis. Tax accruals do not include special assessments
for street and other improvements, nor special benefit taxes such as
water assessments.
Q 372, operating income. Figures represent net revenue from
railway operations, series Q 367 minus series Q 368, less tax accruals,
series Q 371.
Q 373, net operating income. Figures represent operating income,
series Q 372, minus net payable balance of equipment and joint
facility rents. The equipment rents deducted at this point are those
for equipment leased for less than one year, or interchanged. They
are usually on a per day or per mile basis.
Q 374, net income. Figures represent net operating income, series
Q 373, plus other income, minus miscellaneous deductions and fixed
and contingent charges. Fixed charges are mainly rent for leased
roads and equipment (i.e., equipment leased for one year or more),
and interest (except contingent interest).
Q 377, interest accrued on funded debt. Figures include interest
not paid during year on debt in default of interest; they exclude
interest on debt owed by the issuing company, or on debt incurred
for new lines, extensions, additions or betterments, accrued before
such property is completed or comes into service.
Railroad property investment and capital, 1890-1970.
Source: See general note for series Q 264-412.
Q 356, investment, book value. Figures represent recorded value,
in the accounts of carriers, of land, fixed improvements such as roadbed and track, rolling stock, maintenance machinery, etc., owned by
them. Figures include property held under contract for purchase.
Q 357, depreciation reserve. Figures represent the accumulated
accounting allowance for loss in service value not restored b y current
maintenance. The loss in value is incurred in connection with the
consumption or prospective retirement of physical property in the
course of service from causes against which carriers are not protected
by insurance, which are known to be in current operation, and the
effect of which can be forecast with a reasonable approach to accuracy.
Q 361, funded debt unmatured. Funded debt is debt maturing
more than one year from date of issue.
Q 362, net capitalization. Figures represent railway capital outstanding, series Q 358, minus stocks and debt of railroad companies
held by other railroad companies.
Q 378-384.
Railroad tax accruals, 1921-1970.
Source: See general note for series Q 264-412.
Other taxes, series Q 384, are largely property taxes levied b y
State or local governments.
Q 385-387.
Railroad highway grade crossings, 1925-1970.
Source: See general note for series Q 264-412.
Specially protected highway grade crossings, series Q 386, include
crossings with operated gates, watchmen, or both, during at least
part of the day, and those with audible signals, visible signals, or
both; they exclude those with fixed signs only.
Q 388-397. Fuel received, ties and rails laid, and purchases by railroads, 1917-1970.
Source: Series Q 388-393, see general note for series Q 264-412.
Series Q 394-397, Association of American Railroads, 1923-1964,
725
TRANSPORTATION
Q 388-412
Facts,
annual issues (formerly issued by U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission), and related monthly reports.
Q 388-390, fuel received. Figures include not only fuel for operation of trains but fuel for station, shop, or other use, except that figures
for 1964-1970 include only the operation of locomotives and
motorcars.
Q 391, new rails laid. Figures include both rails laid in replacement and rails laid in additional tracks, new lines, and extensions,
except that figures for 1917-1926 include only rails laid in replacement.
Q 392-393, cross-ties laid. Figures for 1917-1926 include only
ties laid in replacement. Of the total ties laid in 1927, 78,340,000
were in replacement. Treated ties are those which have been subjected to some preservative process, e.g., creosoting, before being
placed in the track.
Reportable railroad accidents are divided into three groups: (1-)
Train accidents, (2) train-service accidents, and (3) nontrain accidents. Train accidents are those arising from the operation or movement of trains, locomotives, or cars which result in a reportable death
or injury and more than $750 damage to equipment, track, or roadbed;
or a collision, derailment, or other train accident, with more than
$750 damage to equipment, track, or roadbed. Train-service accidents are those arising from the operation or movement of trains,
locomotives, or cars which result in a reportable death or injury but
not more than $750 damage to equipment, track, or roadbed. Nontrain accidents are those which do not result from the operation or
movement of trains, locomotives, or cars.
Railroad Transportation-, 1965-1969, Yearbook of Railroad
annual issues.
Q 398-399.
Railroad employees and compensation, 1890-1970.
Q 410-412.
Source: See general note for series Q 264-412.
An employee is defined as a person in the service of a railroad,
subject to its continuing authority to supervise and direct the manner
of rendition of his service. Persons such as lawyers engaged to render
only specifically defined service for specific cases and not under general
or continuing retainer are not classed as employees. For 1890-1914,
the number of employees represents the number on the payroll June 30.
Thereafter, the nature of the figures included for the smaller (class II
and III) roads is not clear in the source. For class I roads they appear to be averages of 4 quarterly counts, 1915-1920; and of 2 quarterly
and 6 monthly counts, 1921; beginning 1922, they are averages of 12
monthly counts.
Q 400-409.
Railroad accidents and fatalities, 1890-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Railroad Administration, Accident
* * * * * * * * * *
*
Bulletin,
Pullman company operations, 1915-1968.
Source: U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Statistics of Railways in the United States and Transport Statistics in the United States,
part 2, and, beginning 1963, part 1, The Pullman Company (Sleeping
Car Companies), various annual issues; except series Q 411, 19151921, U.S. Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current Business,
January 1939, p. 18.
Figures for series Q 411 exceed those in series Q 310, parlor and
sleeping car passenger-miles, mainly because travel of railroad employees etc. (for which railroad companies receive no revenue) is
not included in series Q 310; but if Pullman accommodations are
paid for, the travel is included in series Q 411.
The number of Pullman employees, series Q 412, is the number on
the payroll at the end of the year. The Pullman Company ceased
operation in 1969.
M o r e R e c e n t D a t a f o r Historical
Statistics S e r i e s
* * * * * * * * * *
*
*
Statistics for more recent years in continuation of many of the still-active series shown here appear
*
*
in annual issues of the Statistical Abstract of the United States, beginning with the 1975 edition. For
*
*
direct linkage of the historical series to the tables in the Abstract,
*
see Appendix I in the Abstract.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . * * * * * * * * *
726
*
*
Q 264-300
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 264-273.
Series
No.
Number
Miles of
Miles of
Value of
Number
269
270
Number of passenger cars
Revenue passengers, including
pay-transfer
Operating revenues 7 ..
Operating expenses 7
Operating ratio
271
272
273
1937 i
1932
2 478
14,214
23,770
4,399,768
152,476
2 706
20,110
31,548
4,143,381
s182,165
Item
264
265
266
267
268
of companies
line operated 3
all track operated 3 _ .
road and equipment... .
of employees i
$1,000..
1,000..
$1,000_.
$1,000..
percent .
Electric Railways—Summary: 1890 to 1937
1927
' 963
27,948
40,722
(NA)
264,576
32,548
44,835
5,136,442
294,826
79,914
76,162
70,016
60,290
32,505
9,545,555
567,512
332,896
58.7
7,441,115
418,188
251,309
60.1
4,774,212
247,554
142,313
67.6
2,023,010
90,617
62,011
68.4
566,290
442,607
78.2
the year; for 1912, as of Sept. 16. Figures for 1937 represent an average of numbers
reported on June 30 and Dec. 31.
6 Includes 334 trolley-bus operators.
* Includes 29,721,000 trolley-bus passengers.
7 Includes auxiliary operating revenues of $91,242,000 for 1922 and $8,905,000 for
1927; auxiliary expenses, $49,232,000 for 1922 and $7,822,000 for 1927. Data for
operating revenues and operating expenses of auxiliary operations excluded so far as
possible for earlier years.
Railroad Passenger and Freight Service: 1865 to 1890
Freight service
TonTotal
Ton- Revenue Revenue
Revenue
Freight revenuemiles
per
ton-miles miles
per
carried,
carried,
tonper
passen- revenue
tons
13 railmile
traingercarried 1
all
roads
mile
mile
roads
Year
Passenger
revenue Freight
service revenue
Tonmiles
carried,
13 railroads
Year
Freight
revenue
274
Bil.
Cents
Mil.
Cents
2.174
2.169
2.246
2.276
2.194
734
665
639
636
550
691
619
590
552
482
79,193
68,677
65,423
61,561
52,802
0.927
.970
.977
1.034
1.042
163.99
159.91
159.36
156.16
150.99
1885
1884.
1883.
200
351
334
312
289
9,134
8,779
8,541
7,688
2.199
2.356
2.422
2.447
509
502
539
485
551
437
399
400
360
49,152
44,725
44,065
39,302
1.057
1.124
1.224
1.236
143.59
133.58
125.86
128.81
Mil.
Mil. dol.
Mil.
Not available.
1 72.5
Series Q 284-312.
[Includes intercorporate duplications.
17.83
16.81
17.09
16.23
16.06
Number
of
operating
railConroads 1 structed
Tonmiles
carried,
13 railroads
283
Mil. dol. Mil. dol.
Bil.
1880.
1879.
1878.
1877.
1876-
147
142
124
125
136
467
386
365
347
361
14.48
13.07
10.68
8.75
8.74
1875.
1874.
1873.
1872.
1871.
139
140
137
132
108
363
379
389
340
294
7.84
7.73
7.48
6.42
5.57
Mil. dol.
1870.
1869...
(NA)
300
1868...
1867.__
1866...
1865...
Bil.
4.92
4.22
3.44
3.03
2.62
2.16
million revenue tons were carried in 1870; 55.1 million in 1861.
Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970
Unless otherwise noted, covers class I, II, and III railroads, except that prior to 1908 includes returns for switching and terminal companies
where applicable]
Equipment 6
Mileage
284
Freight service
Freight service
Mil.
NA
789
5,783
8,123
389,357
70,764
11,304,660
709,826
452,595
63.8
12,522
11,965
11,191
10,570
9,660
206
188
173
987
16,645
22,577
2,167 634
140,769
77,301
520
494
451
428
382
1882.
1,236
25,547
34,382
3,637,669
221,429
12,666,568
1,016,719
727,795
71.6
272
259
251
240
211
1881.
1,260
30,438
41,066
4,596,563
282,461
70,309
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
206
1890
12,174,592
927,774
694,460
74.9
275
Mil. dol.
1902
59,692
Passenger service
Passenger
miles
21,307
31,264
43,932
5,058,762
300,119
1907
6 7,955,981
Series Q 274-283.
Passengers
carried
21,200
1912
44,864
NA Not available.
1 Excludes data for 22 companies, operating on a part-year basis.
Includes certain companies in Pennsylvania which maintained separate organizations, though controlled through stock ownership by other companies. For 1912, these
companies were treated as merged and not included in the number reported.
3 Includes small mileage of track lying outside United States.
4 Number reported as of June 30 for 1890,1922,1927, and 1932; for 1902, average for
ger
revenue
1917
7,485,290
513,129
406,119
79.1
2
Year
1922
Track operated
Abandoned
Road
owned 2
285
First
main
track
Other
main
tracks
289
290
Yard
tracks
and
sidings
New cars delivered
Road
for domestic use
operated,
passenger
service 4 Freight
Total <•
ger
train
train 4
292
Locomotives in service
Steam
Electric 7
Diesel
Other
295
351
361
360
370
375
80
49
63
169
89
1,283
1,166
747
1,039
786
205,782
207,005
208,111
209,292
210,573
360,330 220,107
364,91f 222,164
366,238 222,924
368,030 224,039
370,104 226,528
28,682
29,564
30,002
30,387
30,906
111,541
113,187
113,312
113,604
113,670
49,533
56,484
59,259
67,827
73,173
66,185
69,028
56,232
83,096
90,104
302
240
65
146
113
29,122
29,090
29,448
29,874
30,124
372
380
395
395
397
59
24
23
41
34
963
882
777
1,353
930
211,384
212,059
214,387
215,090
216,445
370,636
372,300
374,522
376,290
379,415
226,015
226,753
227,282
227,851
229,369
81,118
31,535
32,153
32,719
33,853
113,508
114,012
115,087
115,720
116,193
76,993
81,796
84,928
86,302
88,854
77,822
69,330
44,960
36,554
31,720
666
399
156
304
214
*407
411
412
415
422
*21
14
50
49
74
*693
1,034
941
1,194
613
*217,652
217,565
218,399
219,067
220,221
*381,745
383,912
385,264
386,978
389,668
*230,169
230,930
231,494
232,177
233,509
93,816
•34,800 •116,776
35,746 117,236 100,243
36,448 117,322 107,131
37,123 117,678 112,724
37,908 118,251 115,951
67,047
37,819
42,760
99,590
67,080
(»)
(9)
(»)
67
76
270
278
307
324
347
28,773
28,711
29,031
29,428
29,644
79
101
110
30,061
30,296
30,506
30,701
30,889
89
93
112
136
210
365
402
438
441
484
29,552
29,745
29,898
30,057
30,123
56
56
58
67
72
251 *31,178
66 31,539
143 31,616
232 32,391
32,593
396
*374
871
1,488
2,608
3,918
*498 *30,240
517 30,097
562 29,515
597 29,137
616
28,001
*66
54
51
49
58
55
57
See footnotes at end of table.
727
Q 284-300
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 284-312.
Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970—Con.
Mileage
Number
of
operating
railConroads 1 structed
284
285
105
49
50
76
71
471
481
485
502
513
33
100
71
79
20
517
524
634
543
659
40
46
34
38
574
19
1
35
149
600
611
631
641
661
22
25
33
678
700
709
749
321
775
809
849
880
460
671
946
819
947
995
1,023
1,041
1,058
595
635
441
318
331
929
122
602
881
1,085
1,111
1,131
1,168
1,216
1,243
1,260
1.297
1,296
1.298
1,312
1,306
1,316
i,r~
1,564
1,491
1,380
1,314
1,281
1,219
1,213
1,224
1,206
1,192
1,158
1,111
1,104
1,043
1,034
1,002
991
1,013
See footnotes at end of table.
728
Track operated
Abandoned
Road
owned 2
Total s
First
main
track
286
441
443
448
454
462
Equipment 5
New cars delivered
Road
for domestic use
operatedt
passenger
Passenservice 4 Freight
ger
Total •
train
train 4
Other
main
tracks
Yard
tracks
and
sidings
290
291
292
119,745
124,572
128,943
132,908
139,178
294
502 220,670 390,965
694 221,098 392,580
666 221,758 393.736
965 222,508 394,631
456 223,427 395,831
233,955
234,342
234,959
235.545
236,476
38,825
39,620
39,794
39,977
40,157
118,185
118,718
118,983
119,109
119,198
755 223,779
620 224,511
529 225,149
709 225,806
381 226,438
236,857
237,564
237,756
238,209
239,069
40,456
40,639
40,845
40,954
41,015
119,067 146,468 43,991
119,029 156,821 92,562
118,602 160,140 112,640
118,192 161,115 68,522
117,953 161,407 41,955
551 226,696 398,054 239,438
705 227,335 398,437 240,215
1,149 227,999 398,730 240,745
2 , 8 8 6 229,174 399,627 241,737
1,695 231,971 403,625 244,263
41,106
41,178
41,093
41,137
41,166
117,510
117,044
116,892
116,753
118,196
1,284 233,670 405,975
1,697 235,064 408,350
1 , 6 2 1 236,842 411,324
1,642 238,539 414,572
1,577 240,104 416.381
245.740
246,922
248,474
250,582
251,542
41,373
41,445
41,689
41,579
41,731
118,862
1,974 241,822 419,228
1,784 243,867 422.401
245,703 425,664
1,370 247,595 428.402
779 248,829 429,823
252,930
254,882
256.741
258,869
259,999
429,883
429,054
427,750
424.737
421,341
396.380
397,232
397,203
397,355
398,037
37,545
35,696
81,021
77,833
95,993
886
349
386
117
179
964
933
891
Locomotives in service
Steam
Electric 7
296
33,533
35,033
37,251
39,697
42.473
6,266
9,041
12,274
16,737
22,590
Diesel
298
639
669
713
790
817
26,563
25,256
24,209
22,118
19,014
26,680
1,337
42,951
43,272
44.474
44,344
45,611
30,344
34,581
36,942
39,592
827
856
867
864
867
15,396
12,025
8,981
6,495
5,008
861
161,701
162,290
162,429
163,658
167,951
43,864
43,003
31,836
62,873
80,623
931
1,003
685
418
349
46,253
46,305
45,406
44,671
44,376
41,018
41,921
41,983
41,755
41,911
885
902
907
892
895
4,301
3,432
2,476
1,978
1,517
170,429
119.983 172,031
121,261 173,616
122,411 175,543
123,108 178,491
62,341
25,132
16,470
77,498
46,612
257
276
434
629
191
44,333
45,172
46,544
47,555
48,009
42,410
43,604
45,210
46,342
46,923
900
879
872
858
967
639
403
293
175
41,916
42,109
42,397
42,566
42,780
124,382
125,410
126,526
126,977
127,044
7,516
25,176
2,163
3,252
13,203
205
275
9
77
323
49,541
51,423
54,228
66,732
58,652
48,477
50,465
53,302
56,831
57,820
884
805
789
764
709
260,440
260,570
260.546
269,639
258,815
42,742
42,711
42,432
42,071
41,686
126,701
126,773
124,772
123,027
120,840
74,920
81,590
46,060
63,370
1,534
2,455
1,571
2,087
2,814
60,189
61,257
63,311
65,348
66,847
59,406
60,572
62,642
64,843
66,381
663
753 249,398 417,954 258,631
617 250,156 415,028 258,238
537 250,222 412,993 258,084
1,188 250,413 409,369 257,425
687 251,176 407,531 258,362
40,962
39,916
38,697
37,888
37,614
118,361
116,874
114,046
111,555
105,735
113,711
175,748
66,289
40,292
2,428
2,517
2,034
977
68,098
69,486
69,414
68,518
69,122
67,713
69,114
69,005
68,733
379
372
409
397
389
109,744
108,637
107,608
106,582
102.984
60,955
94,981
67,063
115,705
111,516
831
750
1,684
1,344
68,942
68,977
67,936
66,070
65,595
68,554
68,592
67,563
65,699
65,253
388
385
373
371
342
io 58,226 io 1,513
« 97,626 'o 3,589
"176,049 "2,654
"2,509
io 3,362
65,314
66,502
67,012
65,597
63,463
62,463
65,021
66,229
293
273
2,016
954
782
710
797
892
249,052
249,433
249,309
249,131
249,138
116,212
88,862
1,161
252,845
253,152
253,529
253,626
254,037
406,580
403,891
402,343
400,353
397,014
259,941
258,525
258,507
259,705
259,705
36,894
36,730
36,228
35,066
34,325
254,251
253,789
252,105
249,777
246,777
243,979
394,944
391.142
387,208
379,508
371,238
362,824
259,211
257,569
256,547
253,470
249,852
246,238
33,864 101,869
33,662 99,910
32,376 98,285
30,827 95,211
29,367 92,019
27,613 88,974
240,293
236,834
233,468
229,951
224,363
351,767
342.351
333,646
327,975
317,083
240,831
235,402
230,494
227,455
222,340
25,354
24,573
23,699
22,771
20,982
85,682
82,377
79,453
77,749
73,761
60,019
68,219
57.698
65,388
61,672
218,101
213,904
207,977
202,472
197,237
306,797
297,073
283,822
274,196
265.352
216,974
212,243
205,314
200,155
195,562
19,881
18,338
16,948
15,820
14,876
69,942
66,492
61,560
58,221
54,915
48,357
46,743
43,871
41,225
39,584
193,346
189,295
186,396
184,428
182,777
258,784
250.143
246,334
242,013
239,140
192,556
187,535
184,648
183,284
181,983
14,075
13,384
13,096
12,795
12,440
52,153
49,224
47,589
45,934
44,718
37,663
36,703
36,234
35,986
35,950
180,657
178,709
176,461
171,564
168,403
163,597
233,276
229,796
221,864
211,051
207,446
199,876
177,746
175,691
169,780
162,397
161,275
156,404
12,348
12,163
11,683
10,846
10,428
9,760
43,181
41,941
40,451
37,808
35,742
33,711
35.699
35,492
34,788
33,136
32.139
30.140
126
68,121
882
621
617
467
435
130
104
85
80
80
(9)
11
Other
R A I L TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 284-312.
Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970—Con.
Equipment 5—Con.
Passenger-train cars in service
Railroad
only
Q 301-312
Passenger traffic and revenue
Class I railroads
and Pullman Co. 1 1
Total
Air
conditioned
302
303
Passenger-miles
Freight-train cars
in service 12
Number
Average
capacity 8
304
305
Tons
Passengers
Revenue
Total
Commutation 4
Coach«
Parlor
and
sleeping
Total
1,000
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
Mil.
$1,000
7,159
7,589
1,453,708
1,464,194
1,484,571
1,510,963
1,523,741
67.1
65.8
64.3
63 4
61.4
289,469
301.673
301,372
304,028
307,530
10,786
12,214
13.164
15,264
17,162
4,592
4,546
4,383
4,281
4,193
5,414
6,601
7,559
9,329
10,799
765
1,021
1,178
1,592
2,104
423,191
441,503
446,704
488,549
547,139
21,327
23,057
23,568
24,634
25,899
8,079
8,980
9,950
10,423
11,259
1,515,169
1,517,564
1,542,456
1,581,213
1,635,342
59.8
58.2
56.8
56.3
55.7
305,822
314,386
310,999
313,084
318,359
17,454
18,271
18,519
19,926
20,308
4,128
4,199
4,101
4,046
4,132
11,069
11,632
11,785
12.757
12,893
2,191
2,416
2,611
3,102
3,262
555.986
579,287
589,521
620,290
625,874
*25,746
27,419
28,999
29,564
30.817
•27,414
29,160
(NA)
32,231
(NA)
*11,787
12,993
13,675
14,323
14,551
*1,690,396
1,708,116
1,755,775
1,777,557
1.738.631
*55.4
55.0
54.8
54.5
54.0
*327,172
353,647
381,623
412,625
429,994
*21,284
22,075
23,295
25,914
28,216
4,197
4,549
4,776
4,901
4,841
13,422
13,704
14,225
15,803
17,074
3,643
3,798
4,249
5,185
6,275
*641,496
652,316
676,316
736,408
757,625
32,118
33,035
34,106
34,942
36,326
35,455
37,768
39,532
41,011
42,406
14,784
15,733
16,231
16,320
16,502
1,723,747
1,761,386
1,801,874
1,783,352
1,777,878
53.7
53.7
53.5
53.2
52.9
433,308
440,770
458,252
470,979
485,468
28,548
29,310
31,679
34,033
34,640
4,776
4,753
4,757
4,755
4,866
17.314
17,687
18,955
19.758
19,524
6,441
6,850
7,950
9,504
10,226
743,688
767.987
842,663
906.838
901,019
37,359
38,006
39,406
39,057
38.697
43,372
43,578
44,447
44,841
45,637
16,747
16.008
15,249
14,628
13,967
1,745,778
1,778,811
1,785,067
1,759,758
1,768,400
52.6
62.4
51 .9
51.5
51.3
488,019
556,741
645,535
706,551
794,824
31,790
35,133
41,224
45,972
64,754
4,990
5,478
5,855
6,011
5,857
17,443
20,273
24.315
27,660
39,039
9,338
9,349
11,015
12,261
19,801
814,741
862,139
965,630
965,006
1,261,416
38,633
38,217
38,331
38,446
38,334
46,863
46,588
45,764
12,685
13,175
13,165
1,787,073
1,797,012
1,784,472
1,773,735
1,732,673
51.1
50.8
50.7
50.5
50.3
897,384
915,817
887.674
672,420
488,668
91,826
95,663
87,925
53,747
29,406
5,418
5,344
5,261
4,761
4,088
59,415
63,288
57.909
30.910
16,106
26,912
26,944
24,675
17,853
9,166
1,719,316
1,793,322
1.655.814
1,030,486
515,851
38,308
38,977
39,931
40.949
41,390
1,684,171
1,680,519
1,731,096
1,776,428
1,790,043
50.0
49.7
49.4
49.2
48.8
456,088
454,032
454.508
499,688
492,493
23,816
22,713
21,657
24,695
22,460
3,997
4,012
4,032
4,116
4,188
12,485
7,288
7,527
7,354
8,126
417,955
417,716
406,406
443,532
413,189
42,426
44,884
47,677
50.698
52,096
1,867,381
1,973,247
2.072.632
2,184,690
2,245,904
48.3
48.0
47.5
47.0
47.0
448,059
452,176
434,848
480,718
599,227
18,509
18,069
16,368
16,997
21,933
4,118
4,163
4,308
4,986
6,018
358,423
346,870
329,816
377,511
551,726
53,584
53,838
54,800
55,729
56,855
2,322,267
2,323,683
2,346,751
2,378,800
2,403,967
46.9
46.3
45.8
45.5
45.1
707,987
786,432
798,476
840,030
874,589
26,876
31.165
31,718
33,798
35,673
6,669
6,898
6,626
6,650
6,605
730,766
875,929
905,271
980,528
1,049,210
56,814
57,451
57,159
56,827
56.950
2,414,083
2,411,627
2,379,131
2,352,483
2,378,510
44.8
44.3
43.8
43.1
42 5
901,963
950,459
1,008,538
989.509
1,061,131
36,167
36,368
38,294
35,811
37,706
6,592
6,407
6,401
6,132
1,064,806
1,085,672
1,158,925
1,087,516
1,166,252
56,102
56,290
56,611
55,939
55,193
2,388,424
2,426,889
2,397,943
2,379,472
2,329,475
42.4
41.9
41.6
41.5
40.9
1,269,913
1,211,022
1,122,963
1,109,943
1,048,987
47,370
46,838
43,212
40,100
35,220
11,378
12,630
14.816
17,822
18,974
11,177
14,619
15,384
18,610
20,016
20,022
21,510
22,616
23,430
24,433
11,118
10,247
12,417
1.304.815
1,193,431
1,046,166
840,910
722,359
See footnotes at end of table.
729
Q 301-320
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 284-312.
Railroad Mileage, Equipment, and Passenger Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970—Con-
Equipment •—Con.
Year
ending—
Passenger-train
cars in
service,
railroads
only
Passenger traffic and revenue—-Con.
Freight-train
cars in service 12
Number
Passengers
Average
capacity 8
301
Total
passengermiles
Revenue
Per
passenger-mile
Total
Year
ending-
Passengertrain
cars in
service,
railroads
only
312
305
Tons
%1,000
Mil.
1,000
Passenger traffic and revenue—Con.
Freighttrain
cars in
service 12
Revenue
Total
passengermiles
301
Total
Per
passenger-mile
$1,000
Cents
307
Cents
1,000
Mil.
JUNE 3 0
JUNE 3 0
1916
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
54,774
55,810
54,492
52,717
51,583
49,906
2,343,378
2,341,567
2,349,734
2,298,478
2,229,163
2,208,997
40.5
39.7
39.1
38.3
37.4
36.9
1,015,338
985,676
1,063,249
1,043,603
1,004,081
997,410
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
47,179
45,664
45,292
43,973
42,262
2,148,478
2,086,835
2,100,784
1,991,557
1,837,914
35.9
35.3
34.9
33.8
32.2
971,683
891,472
890,010
873,905
797,946
32,338
29,109
29,083
27,719
25,167
628,992
563,609
566,833
564,606
510,033
1.938
1.928
1.937
2.014
2.003
1905
1904
1903
40,713 1,731,409
39,752 1,692,194
38,140 1,653,782
30.8
30.1
29.4
738,835
715,420
694,892
23,800
21,923
20,916
472,695
444,327
421,705
1.962
2.006
2.006
34,309
689,627
32,475
646,475
35,357
703,484
34,673 u695,988
33,132
660,373
33,202
657,638
2.010
1.991
1.990
«2.008
1.987
1.974
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 Includes circular and unofficial.
First track. Includes lessors, proprietary, unofficial and, through 1963, circular
companies.
3 For railroads reporting track by class.
Excludes circular and unofficial, figures for
which cover road, first track only.
4 Class I railroads.
8 Includes switching and terminal companies.
« For 1890-1927, number of locomotives; for 1928-1970, number of units, except for
steam locomotives. (A unit is the least number of wheel bases together with super2
Series Q 313-320.
[Tons are of 2,000 pounds.
—Con.
1902.
1901-
36,987
35,969
1,546,101
1,464,328
649,879
607,278
19,690
17,354
392,963
351,356
1.986
2.013
1900.
1899.
1898.
1897.
1896.
34,713
33,850
33,595
33,626
33,003
1,365,531
1,295,510
1,248,826
1,221,730
1,221,887
576,831
523,177
501,067
489", 445
511,773
16,038
14,591
13,380
12,257
13,049
323,716
291,113
266,970
251,136
266,563
2.003
1.978
1,973
2.022
2.019
1895.
1894.
1893.
1892.
1891.
1890.
33,112
33,018
31,384
28,876
27,949
26,820
1,196,119
1,205,169
1,013,307
966,998
947,300
918,491
507,421
540,688
593,561
560,958
531,184
492,431
12,188
14,289
14,229
13,363
12,844
11,848
252,246
285,350
301,492
286,806
281,179
260,786
2.040
1.986
2.108
2.126
2.142
2.167
structure capable of independent propulsion, but not necessarily equipped with an independent control.)
7 For 1915-1922, identified as "other than steam," but all or almost all of the locomotives must be electric.
8 For 1916-1956, represents steam locomotives and freight cars of class I railroads
excluding switching and terminal companies; for 1957-1967, includes all class I locomotives excluding switching and terminal companies.
8 Included with "Other."
10 Calendar-year data.
n Beginning 1969, excludes Pullman Co.
>2 Excludes caboose cars. 13 Class I and II railroads.
Railroad Passenger and Freight Operations: 1890 to 1970
Class I, II, and III railroads except as follows: Series Q 313, class I beginning 1911; series Q 314, class I beginning 1933; and series Q 315, Q 319,
Q 320, class I for all years]
Passenger service
Year
ending-
Equipment 5 —Con.
Revenue passenger-miles per—
Freight service
Carmile
Trainmile
Trainmiles
per
trainhour
313
314
315
Revenue ton-miles per—
Loaded
carmile 1
Trainmile
Mile
of
road
316
317
318
Passenger service
Trainmiles
per
trainhour
319
Carmiles
Year
per ending—
carday
320
Revenue passenger-miles per—
Freight service
Carmile
Trainmile
Trainmiles
per
trainhour
313
314
315
Revenue ton-miles per—•
Loaded
carmile 1
Trainmile
Mile
of
road
317
318
Trainmiles
per
trainhour
Carmiles
per
carday
319
320
31
—Con.
DEC.
DEC. 3 1
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
25.8
24.7
22.4
20.7
20.2
116.2
113.6
107.0
101.5
104.1
40.1
41.0
41.0
41.7
41.3
44.32
42.75
41.77
41.24
40.34
1,774.14
1,754.54
1,714.88
1,693.38
1,669.77
3,468,168
3,456,667
3,385,901
3,237,648
3,312,186
20.1
20.1
20.4
20.3
20.3
51.8
52.6
51.3
49.1
50.6
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961..
19.5
20.3
19.6
20.0
19.8
100.9
99.4
97.3
102.6
101.5
41.3
41.4
40.9
40.9
40.9
39.02
37.63
36.27
34.87
33.80
1,638.44
1,572.60
1,537.72
1,490.70
1,441.87
3,120,778
2,917,502
2,750,078
2,612,129
2,460,997
20.1
20.2
20.1
20.0
19.9
49.0
47.2
44.6
42.8
40.6
1960.
19591958.
1957.
1956.
19.3
18.9
18.6
18.1
18.1
100.9
97.6
94.0
93.9
96.9
40.7
40.3
40.2
40.2
40.0
•33.11
32.32
32.10
32.42
31.98
•1,399.31
1,374.99
1,362.05
1,369.56
1,347.21
•2,496,638
2,505,800
2,394,040
2,676,573
2,789,340
19.5
19.5
19.2
18.8
18.6
40.9
41.2
39.6
43.7
45.0
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
17.8
17.4
17.7
18.1
18.1
95.2
92.0
94.8
98.4
97.2
39.8
39.5
39.1
38.3
37.7
30.94
30.27
30.66
31.02
31.38
1,296.86
1,216.54
1,219.03
1,210.90
1,211.06
2,679,482
2,356,646
2,592,188
2,622,463
2,748,700
18.6
18.7
18.2
17.6
17.0
45.7
41.2
44.3
44.0
45.0
1950.
1949.
19481947.
1946.
17.0
18.0
19.4
21.1
24.7
88.5
92.0
100.8
110.2
143.7
37.4
37.0
36.7
36.1
35.1
29.97
29.48
30.90
30.61
29.25
1,131.47
1,044.83
1,080.30
1,052.43
992.95
2,496,927
2,229,430
2,695,708
2,752,915
2,488,499
16.8
16.9
16.2
16.0
16.0
43.6
40.3
45.1
46.9
43.5
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941.
30.4
32.2
31.7
23.7
16.0
189.7
199.8
188.6
124.9
72.7
34.7
34.8
34.7
35.7
36.1
30.18 1,034.49 2,852,615
30.62 1,045.67 3,084,195
31.36 1,027.64 3,032,199
29.76
947.87 2,638,067
26.28
827.48 1,950,166
15.7
15.7
15.4
15.8
16.5
47.7
50.6
49.7
47.4
41.6
See footnotes at end of table.
730
1940...
1939...
1938.__
1937...
1936—
14.0
13.5
13.1
14.0
13.6
60.3
57.6
54.5
59.0
55.4
1935...
1934...
1933...
1932...
1931...
11.2
10.9
10.2
9.8
10.5
1930...
1929—
1928...
1927...
1926—
25.40
24.59
23.80
24.68
24.32
764.30
727.45
676.57
708.35
687.49
1,525,579
1,355,052
1,171,637
1,446,921
1,353,406
16.7
16.7
16.6
16.1
15.8
35.6
32.3
28.5
32.9
30.7
47.5
46.7
42.5
39.9
44.7
23.49
23.19
23.26
22.56
23.44
646.17 1,119,290
623.62 1,058,609
619.13 972,262
585.49 908,296
652.87 1,196,960
16.0
15.9
15.7
15.5
14.8
25.8
24.2
21.3
19.8
24.5
11.3
12.5
12.9
13.5
14.2
48.9
54.4
55.1
57.9
60.4
24.28
24.52
24.31
24.60
24.96
699.27
713.03
705.86
689.68
688.56
1,481,199
1,727,786
1,677,089
1,668,800
1,732,295
13.8
13.2
12.9
12.3
11.9
28.7
32.3
31.2
30.3
30.4
1926...
1924...
1923—
1922—
1921—
14.8
15.3
16.3
15.9
16.4
61.5
62.1
65.9
64.6
66.4
24.55
24.47
25.18
24.31
24.60
662.53
634.43
632.32
599.12
566.74
1,613,862
1,518,556
1,615,741
1,330,460
1,199,328
11.8
11.5
10.9
11.1
11.5
28.5
26.8
27.8
23.5
22.4
1920—
1919—
1918—
1917—
1916—
19.8
20.5
19.9
17.2
15.5
82.4
84.7
79.4
67.6
59.2
26.71
25.44
26.96
24.75
22.83
639.03
622.51
620.68
588.29
552.26
1,597,133
1,423,390
1,582,796
1,538,211
1,409,957
10.3
35.8
35.4
34.7
34.5
34.0
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 313-320.
Q 330-397
Railroad Passenger and Freight Operations: 1890 to 1970- -Con.
[Tons are of 2,000 pounds]
Freight service, revenue ton-miles per-
Passenger service, revenue
passenger-miles per—
Year
ending—
Car-mile
Train-mile
Loaded
car-mile 1
313
314
316
Train-mile
Year
ending-
Mile
of road
318
1905 _
1904.
1903.
1902.
1901.
270.86
243.52
226.45
19.74
204.62
198.81
735,362
659,565
617,810
519,079
523,832
58.9
67.5
57.5
54.5
62.5
19.84
19.26
19.62
19.68
18.92
380.38
362.57
351.80
357.35
344.39
1,071,086
953,986
974,654
1,052,119
982,401
1895
1894
1893
1892
1891
38.3
43.7
42.4
42.0
41.7
189.69
179.80
183.97
181.89
181.67
479,490
457,252
551,232
543,365
502,706
51.7
49.8
49.2
48.5
45.1
18.14
17.72
17.60
16.92
16.55
322.26
307.76
310.54
296.47
281.26
861,396
829,476
855,442
793,361
760,414
1890
41.4
175.12
487,245
20.18
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
'This average was obtained by dividing the revenue ton-miles by the total loaded
car-miles, the latter item including some cars loaded with nonrevenue freight. The
method is necessary to preserve comparability with figures for the earlier years; they
Series Q 321-328.
Road
owned
1
Equipment 2
All
track
(Dec. 3 1 )
322
Total
324
1,000
31.8
30.6
29.1
27.3
163,359
169,934
164,222
147,953
133,565
208,152
128,320
125,345
121,422
114,677
103,108
127,689
125,119
120,519
114,428
103,530
160,506
156,414
149,101
140,878
130,465
25.7
24.4
23.4
21.9
19.9
1879.
1878.
1877.
1876.
93,262
86,556
81,747
79,082
76,808
92,147
84,393
80,832
79,208
76,306
115,647
104,756
103,649
97,308
94,665
17.9
17.1
16.4
16.9
16.6
1875.
1874.
1873.
1872.
1871.
74,096
72,385
70,268
66,171
60,301
74,096
72,623
70,651
57,323
51,456
1881.
1880.
Revenue cars
Locomotives
166,703
161,276
156,114
149,214
136,338
1884.
1883.
1882.
differ slightly from the average "net tons per loaded car" shown in the regular monthly
statements. Freight and Passenger Service Operating Statistics, based on revenue and
nonrevenue ton-miles and car-miles.
2 Class I and II railroads.
Railroad Mileage and Equipment: 1830 to 1890
Mileage
Road
operated
(Dec. 3 1 )
—Con.
44.2
41.2
39.1
36.6
39.2
15.7
15.4
15.5
1886.
318
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
1910.
1909.
1908.
1907.
1906.
1886.
317
JUNE 3 0
22.39
21.14
21.09
221.12
1887.
Mile
of road
1,325,089
1,075,962
1,125,084
1,190,397
1,078,580
1,053,566
58.2
56.0
58.4
58.5
56.5
67.9
1888.
Train-mile
636.67
476.13
446.96
2 445.43
406.76
383.10
15.3
15.0
15.4
15.4
15.1
15.6
1890.
1889.
Freight service, revenue
ton-miles per—
314
JUNE 3 0
1916.
19151914.
1913.
1912.
1911.
Year
Passenger
service,
revenue
passengermiles per
train-mile
202,088
191,376
184,935
167,952
26.1
1,000
1,091
1,081
1,032
977
871
821
801
Passenger
Freight
Baggage,
mail,
express
326
327
328
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,062
21.7
21.5
1,051
1,005
951
846
20.2
19.3
18.4
806
16.5
16.6
16.2
751
667
14.9
13.9
657
497
439
408
340
12.8
12.0
11.7
12.1
» 14.6
Year
Year
1870.
1869.
6.6
6.3
1867.
1866.
1868.
Miles of
road
operated
(Dec. 3 1 )
321
321
7.3
7.1
6.8
Miles of
road
operated
(Dec. 3 1 )
52,922
46,844
42,229
39,060
36,801
1850
1849
1848
1847
1846
9,021
7,365
6,996
5,598
4,930
1846
1844
1843
1842.
1841.
4,633
4,377
4,185
4,026
3,535
798
779
730
648
6.0
6.9
5.8
5.6
5.0
1866.
1862.
1861.
35,085
33,908
33,170
32,120
31,286
539
480
423
392
385
4.8
4.5
4.4
3.9
1860.
1859.
1858.
1857.
1866.
30,626
28,789
26,968
24,503
22,076
1840
1839
1838
1837
1836
2,818
1865.
1854.
1853.
1852.
1851.
18,374
16,720
15,360
12,908
10,982
1835
1834
1833
1832
1831
1,098
633
380
229
95
1864.
1863.
2,302
1,913
1,497
1,273
1830.
1
2
Prior to 1882, includes elevated railways.
Prior to 1881, includes elevated railways.
1
Includes baggage, mail, and express.
731
Q 329-345
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 329. Miles of Railroad Built: 1830 to 1925
Miles
Miles
Year
329
Year
Miles
329
644
579
427
324
475
1915
1914
1913.
1912.
1911.
1,532
3,071
2,997
3,066
314
686
721
979
1,098
1910.
1909.
1908.
1907.
1906.
4,122
3,748
3,214
5,212
5,623
Miles
Year
329
329
1905.
1904.
1903.
1902.
1901.
4,388
3,832
5,652
6,026
5,368
1900.
1899.
1898.
1897.
1896.
1895.
4,894
4,569
3,265
2,109
1,692
1,420
Series Q 330.
1894...
1893...
1,760
3,024
1879...
1878...
1877...
1876...
5,006
2,428
2,280
2,575
1875...
1874...
1873...
1872...
1,606
2,584
5,217
7,439
Year
ending—
Miles
330
31Con.
329
1871..
1870—
1869..
1867—
1866..
6,660
5,658
4,103
2,468
2,541
1,404
1865..
1864..
1863..
1862..
1861..
819
947
574
720
1,016
1868—
Miles
Year
Year
Miles
329
1860
1859
1858
1857
1856
1,500
1,707
1,966
2,077
1,471
1850
1849
1848
1847
1846
1,261
1,048
1,056
263
1840...
1839...
1838—.
1837-.
1836...
491
386
453
348
280
1855
1854
1853
1852
1851
2,453
3,442
2,170
2,288
1,274
1845
1844
1843
1842
1841
277
180
288
505
606
1835...
1834...
1833...
1832
1831...
1830...
138
214
116
191
99
40
Miles
Year
ending-
Year
ending-
330
31Con.
DEC.
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
l l , 685
11,608
12,054
11,942
12,212
1940.
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
75,270
77,013
76,938
70,884
69,712
1,690
1,732
1,748
2,113
2,365
1950.
1949.
19481947.
1946.
12,223
12,679
13,283
22,750
34,389
1935.
1934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
68,345
42,168
41,698
22,545
12,970
1,259
1,097
1,040
1,022
1,594
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
39,714
50,497
64,758
66,904
69,859
1930.
1929.
1928.
9,486
5,703
5,256
Miles
Year
ending—
330
JUNE 3 0
DEC.
23,190
649
650
2,476
1,612
mi-
Miles
Year
Class I, II, and III railroads]
Miles
Year
ending-
330
DEC. 31—
Con.
Miles
Miles of Railroad Operated by Receivers or Trustees: 1894 to 1970
[As of end of year.
Miles
Year
1927
1926
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
16,752
17,632
18,687
8,105
12,623
15,259
13,512
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
16,290
16,590
19,208
17,376
34,804
JUNE 3 0 —
Con.
1916.
1915.
1914.
1913.
1912.
1911
37,353
30,223
18,608
16,286
9,786
4,593
1910.
1909.
1908.
1907.
1906.
6,257
10,530
9,629
3,926
3,971
1906
1904
1903
1902
1901
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
1895
1894
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Series Q 331-345.
Railroad Freight Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970
[In tons of 2,000 pounds]
Freight and revenue (class I, II, and I I I railroads)
Revenue freight originated (class I railroads)
In carloads
Year
ending—
All
tonnage
Total
Products
of
agriculture
Animals
and
products
Products of
mines
Products of
forests
Manufactures
and
misc. 1
Less
than
carload
Revenue
tons
originated
Tonmiles
Haul
per
ton2
Depreciation
and
retirements
Revenue
Total
Per
ton2
Per
tonmile
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Mil.
Mil.
Miles
$1,000
Mil. dol.
Dol.
Cents
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1,484,919
1,473,467
1,431,308
1,407,628
1,448,901
1,484,110
1,472,620
1,430,441
1,406,668
1,447,852
1965
196 4
1963
1962
1961
1,387,423
1,351,612
1,285,061
1,233,597
1,193,740
1,386,090
l,3f3,117
1,283,382 "~160~589
1,231,415
155,301
1,191,154
153,819
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1,240,789
1,232,201
1,190,353
1,380,327
1,447,422
1,237,675
1,228,277
1,185,951
1,374,884
1,440,937
150,350
145,531
146,746
137,618
138,093
9,463
9,994
9,895
11,074
13,198
196 5
1954
1953
1952
1951
1,396,339
1,223,969
1,384,301
1,382,604
1,477,402
1,389,346
1,217,005
1,376,046
1,373,294
1,467,023
133,789
131,733
131,137
138,415
140,811
13,161
13,128
13,768
14,601
14,362
DEC.
31
See footnotes at end of table.
732
809
837
867
960
1,049
1,572
1,558
1,515
1,498
1,544
771,012
773.830
750,468
727,075
746,699
490.41
496.82
495.37
486.21
483.70
812,684
788,837
775,356
765,768
744,800
11,124
10,538
9,942
9,329
9,487
7.08
6.77
6.56
6.23
6.15
1.443
1.362
1.325
1.283
1.271
78^319 ~"372~635
78,105 353,809
74,924 337,424
1,333
1,496
1,679
2,183
2,586
1,479
1,420
1,347
1,294
1,253
705,705
662,089
625,170
595,774
566,296
477.15
466.17
463.97
460.57
452.00
714,052
685,785
676,584
660,586
652,271
9,037
8,576
8,271
8,115
7,859
6.11
6.04
6.14
6.27
6.27
1.281
1.295
1.323
1.362
1.388
649,228
632,870
628,911
769,675
796,480
79,211
80,397
73,287
77,497
87,799
349,323
359,485
327,112
379,020
405,367
3,213
3,923
4,402
5,443
6,485
•1,801
1,293
1,247
1,449
1,521
•576,360
578,637
554,634
621,907
651,188
•442.14
447.66
444.55
429.20
428.08
634,778
625,888
618,062
596,355
669,606
•8,152
8,442
8,193
9,064
9,089
•6.26
6.53
6.57
6.26
5.97
•1.417
1.459
1.477
1.457
1.396
761,993
650,074
754,292
752,699
819,373
82,584
75,650
82,107
83,480
86,522
397,819
346,420
394,742
384,097
405,955
6,993
6,964
8,255
9,310
10,379
1,459
1,279
1,448
1,447
1,547
626,893
552,197
608,954
617,942
649.831
429.75
431.65
420.66
426.93
419.99
554,597
547,267
534,457
513,059
485,160
8,665
7,915
9,078
8,915
8,758
5.94
6.19
6.27
6.16
5.66
1.382
1.433
1.491
1.443
1.348
9~378 ~~662~46l
9,452
634,747
9,341
615,646
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 331-345.
Q 330-397
Railroad Freight Traffic and Revenue: 1890 to 1970—Con.
[In tons of 2,000 pounds]
Revenue freight originated (class I railroads)
Freight and revenue (class I, II, and III railroads)
In carloads
All
tonnage
Total
Products
of
agriculture
Animals
and
products
332
1,000
1,000
Products of
mines
Products of
forests
335
1,000
1,000
1,000
Manufactures
and
337
1,000
Less
than
carload
Revenuetons
originated
Tonmiles
Haul
per
Deprecia'
tion
and
retirements
338
339
340
341
342
Mil.
Mil.
Miles
1,000
Revenue
Total
Per
tons
343
344
91,000 Mil. dol.
Dol.
1.354.196 1,343,308
1,226,503 1,213,911
1,506,878 1,488,612
1,537,546 1,514,985
1,366,617 1,342,230
129.175
140,383
145.176
158,168
149,941
14,321
15,284
16,865
19,716
21,587
746,808
653,759
845,640
847,807
717,806
78,860
69,267
86,104
87,027
84,817
374,144
335,228
394,827
402,267
368,079
10,888
12,592
18,266
22,661
24,387
1,421
1,284
1,580
1,613
1,432
591,550
529,111
641,104
657,878
594,943
416.32
412.02
405.64
407.82
415.48
466,589
441,658
409,310
385,763
365,902
7,934
7,151
8,090
7,141
5,866
6.58
5.57
5.12
4.43
4.10
1,424,913 1,404,080
1,491,491 1,471,366
1,481,225 1,462,314
1,421,187 1,403,612
1,227,650 1,209,559
159,571
145,685
148,971
117,318
100,173
23,748
25,413
22,936
20,620
16,810
732,942
785,265
797,163
804,577
684,433
76,604
83,731
80,899
84,570
71,640
412,215
431,272
412,345
376,527
336,603
20,833
20,125
18,911
17,575
18,091
1,493
1,565
1,557
1,498
1,296
684,148
740,586
730,132
640,992
477,576
458.14 1,186,844
473.28
540,461
469.07 465,525
338,181
427.76
368.54 233,340
6,617
7,087
6,866
6,026
4,510
4.43
4.53
4.41
4.02
3.48
1,009,421
901,669
771,862
1,015,586
958,830
994,728
886,794
757,470
998,398
942,538
88,821
91,564
95,390
89,460
86,648
15,456
15,049
14,760
15,233
16,209
570,220
496,939
408,835
569,745
541,488
58,221
50,156
43,973
58,658
53,156
262,010
233,086
194,512
265,302
245,037
14,693
14,875
14,392
17,188
16,292
1,069
955
820
1,075
1,012
375,369
335,375
291,866
362.815
341,182
351.13
351.21
356.05
337.43
337.29
205,860
201,852
201,826
197,035
193,502
3,584
3,297
2,901
3,428
3,357
3.35
3.45
3.54
3.19
3.32
789,627
765,296
698,943
646,223
894,186
775,588
750,951
684,592
630,989
871,412
76,338
79,305
81,702
80,917
97,487
15,125
20,363
17,651
18,055
21,632
445,136
436,380
395,065
362,226
501,903
42,483
35,660
33,165
26,109
43,024
196,506
179,253
157,009
143,682
207,366
14,039
14,345
14,361
15,234
22,774
832
802
733
679
945
283,637
270,292
250,651
235,309
311,073
341.05
336.91
341.77
346.63
329.23
194,625
192,387
199,917
209,111
221,611
2,831
2,672
2,529
2,485
3,302
3.40
3.33
3.45
3.66
3.50
1.153.197 1,123,530
1,339,091 1,303,048
1,285,943 1,248,989
1 , 2 8 1 , 6 1 1 1,243,171
1,336,142 1,296,651
110,728
115,343
118,022
113,342
111,787
23,129
24,907
25,634
26,003
26,244
642,537
737,879
696,583
713,402
757,703
69,371
94,855
96,737
99,351
104,851
277,765
330,064
312,013
291,073
296,066
29,667
36,043
36,954
38,440
39,491
1,220
1,419
1,371
1,373
1,440
385.816
450,189
436,087
432,014
447,444
316.21
317.17
318.00
314.75
310.81
243,263
259,375
241,719
239,184
231,497
4,145
4,899
4,772
4,729
4,906
3.40
3.45
3.48
3.45
3.41
1,247,242 1,206,655
1,187,296 1,146,747
1,279,030 1,234,692
980,516
1,023,745
898,191
940,183
109,313
116,587
109,318
111,787
114,069
26,324
27,747
28,254
26,230
24,263
678,336
637,582
713,735
532,998
511,271
107,391
108,094
115,618
89,059
76,419
285,291
256,737
267,767
220,442
172,169
40,587
40,549
44,338
43,229
41,992
1,351
1,287
1,388
1,112
1,018
417,418
391,945
416,256
342,188
309,533
308.93
304.44
299.94
307.77
304.11
223,925
208,064
205,070
169,808
155,968
4,648
4,437
4,712
4,086
4,004
3.44
3.46
3.40
3.67
3.93
•1,202,219
•1,045,148
1,209,957
1,210,247
•1,150,456
110,840
115,033
116,051
104,629
113,635
26,595
35,494
35,777
31,858
30,473
712,155
589,951
734,796
732,653
680,123
100,765
94,076
97,256
100,838
93,819
251,864
210,256
226,077
240,269
231,039
63,202
51,301
53,387
53,769
52,911
1,363
1,190
1,377
1,382
1,317
413,699
367,161
408,778
398,263
366,173
303.52
308.60
296.89
288.18
277.98
4,421
3,626
3,522
2,897
2,631
3.24
3.05
2.56
2.10
2.00
>925,697 •878,761
1,023,131 •982,892
1,067,978 >1,026,817
3 889,999
3 926,990
•901,573 •866,398
109,483
98,825
102,658
86,433
81,780
26,001
26,352
25,669
24,064
22,833
507,250
574,000
592,164
506,306
483,861
76,674
91,094
93,762
74,796
79,345
157,085
177,950
196,947
166,134
163,380
46,936
40,239
41,161
36,991
35,175
1,263
1,024
1,130
1,183
1,031
1,003
343,477
277,135
288,637
301,730
264,081
253,784
271.98
270.69
255.43
255.15
256.87
264.10
2,469
2,038
2,127
2,199
1,969
1,926
1.96
1.99
1.88
41.92
1.91
1.92
1,026
881
870
977
896
255,017
218,803
218,382
236,601
215,878
249.68
251.10
253.94
242.05
240.89
1,926
1,678
1,655
1,824
1,640
1.88
1.90
1.90
1.87
1.83
785
714
715
658
584
186,463
174,522
173,221
157,289
147.077
237.56
244.30
242.35
239.10
251.98
1,451
1,379
1,338
1,207
1,119
583
502
141,597
123,667
114.078
95,139
95,328
242.73
246.58
1,049
914
877
773
787
1,255,421
1,096,449
1,263,344
1,264,016
3 1,203,367
85,228
80,335
93,588
88,241
81,074
76,207
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
> Includes forwarder traffic beginning 1939.
1 United States as a system, i.e., ton-miles or revenue of connecting roads is included
in the numerator, but only tonnage originated in the denominator.
4
1.85
1.
1.87
1.84
1.92
1.80
1.82
730
699
829
799
737
714
•Includes the following amounts of unaBsigned carload tonnage (thousands): 1911,
35,199; 1912, 32,266; 1913, 15,617; 1914, 14,671; 1915, 2,268; 1916, 1,367; and 1919,
338.
4 Class I and II railroads.
733
Q 346-366
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 346-355.
Railroad Property Investment, Capital, Income, and Expenses: 1850 to 1890
[In millions of dollars]
Property investment and capital
Investment
in railroad
and
equipment
Year
346
Income and expenses
Stock, mortgage bonds, equipment,
obligations, etc.
Total
Capital stock Bonded debt
Interest and dividends
Stock
paying
dividends
Total
traffic
earnings
Operating
expenses
Net
earnings
Dividends
paid
Interest
paid on
funded debt
350
351
352
353
354
355
347
EXCLUDING ELEVATED RAILWAYS
1890.
1889.
1888.
1887.
1886.
10,020
9,576
9,281
8,695
8,089
4,590
4,447
4,392
4,146
3,956
5,055
4,784
4,585
4,155
3,853
1,086
991
950
931
822
1885.
1884.
1883.
1882.
7,776
7,617
7,423
6,960
3,778
3,726
3,675
3,478
3,740
3,647
3,479
3,214
765
763
807
524
498
342
317
297
331
297
83
79
78
90
80
224
216
205
202
182
266
266
291
77
93
101
179
167
'171
INCLUDING ELEVATED RAILWAYS
1890.
1889.
1888.
1887.
1886.
8,789
8,598
8,344
7,799
7,254
10,122
9,680
9,369
8,673
8,163
4,640
4,495
4,438
4,191
3,999
6,105
4,828
4,624
4,186
3,882
1,721
1,790
1,769
1,805
1,675
1,097
1,002
960
940
829
346
322
301
334
300
85
81
80
91
81
218
207
203
189
1885.
1884.
1883.
1882.
1881.
7,037
6,924
6,684
6,036
5,577
7,842
7,676
7,477
7,016
6,278
3,817
3,762
3,708
3,611
3,177
3,765
8,669
3,500
3,235
2,878
1,304
1,658
1,713
1,673
(NA)
772
777
823
770
701
269
270
298
280
272
77
94
102
102
93
187
178
173
150
128
1880.
1879.
1878.
1877.
1876.
4,653
4,416
4,166
4,180
4,086
6,402
4,872
4,772
4,806
>4,468
2,708
2,396
2,292
2,313
2,248
2,530
2,319
2,297
2,255
2,165
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
937
613
525
490
472
497
302
301
310
255
216
187
170
186
77
61
53
58
68
107
112
103
98
93
1875.
1874.
1873.
1872.
1871-
4,658
4,221
3,784
3,159
2,664
2,198
1,990
1,947
1,647
1,481
3 2,459
3 2,230
3 1,836
«1,511
(NA)
503
520
626
465
403
(NA)
330
342
(NA)
(NA)
185
189
183
165
141
74
67
67
64
56
1870.
1869.
1868.
18671863.
2,476
2,041
1,869
1,172
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
NA)
756
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
416
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
334
190
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
228
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
105
1861.
1860.
1855.
1861.
1850.
(NA)
1,149
763
(NA)
318
(NA)
(NA)
424
(NA)
(NA)
299
130
(NA)
84
(NA)
(NA)
NA Not available.
1 Includes other interest.
42
2 Sum of capital stock, bonded debt, and $55 million Pacific R.R., U.S. subsidiary
bonds.
3 Includes other debt.
Series Q 356-366.
[In millions of dollars.
Railroad Property Investment, Capital, and Capital Expenditures: 1890 to 1970
Includes intercorporate duplications. Figures subject to general exception that, prior to 1908, the returns for switching and terminal companies were
included where applicable. Capital expenditure represents total money outlay without deductions for property retired]
Property investment and capital (class I, II, III railroads and their lessors)
Year
ending—
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
Road and equipment
Investment, Depreciation
book value 1
reserve2
356
357
Railroad capital outstanding3
Total
Common
stock
Preferred
stock
Funded debt
unmatured
358
359
360
361
Capital expenditures for additions
and betterments (class I railroads)
Net capitalization
Stock
paying
dividends
Total
362
363
364
Equipment
365
Roadway
and
structures
366
DECEMBER 3 1
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
37,918
37,383
36,720
37,250
36,618
9,929
9,688
9,450
9,664
9,479
14,339
14,701
14,577
14,690
14,800
6,605
5,758
5,754
6,828
5,639
718
814
821
889
1,091
8,016
8,129
8,002
7,973
8,070
1965
19641963
1962
1961
35,489
34,868
34,519
34,361
35,541
9,341
9,266
9,143
8,982
8,792
14,857
14,876
15,011
15,013
15,179
6,580
6,637
5,692
5,637
6,526
1,116
1,164
1,189
1,201
1,212
8,161
8,175
8,230
8,275
8,441
See footnotes at end of table.
734
12~840~
12,968
13,184
3,594
4,347
4,629
4,727
4,709
1,350
1,509
1,186
1,522
1,952
993
1,088
818
1,148
1,654
367
420
368
374
398
4,845
4,926
4,462
4,286
4,361
1,630
1,417
1,043
832
646
1,303
1,139
784
593
427
327
277
258
239
219
Q 330-397
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 35&-366. Railroad Property Investment, Capital, and Capital Expenditures: 1890 to 1970—Con.
[In millions of dollars]
Capital expenditures for additions
and betterments (class I railroads)
Property investment and capital (class I, II, III railroads and their lessors)
Railroad capital outstanding 3
Road and equipment
Investment, Depreciation
book value 1
Total
Common
stock
Preferred
stock
Funded debt
unmatured
358
359
360
361
Net capitalization
Stock
paying
dividends
Total
362
363
364
Equipment
365
1,954
1,977
8,731
8,886
9,094
9,115
9,093
8,771
8,744
8,767
8,870
9,008
14,150
14,287
14,529
14,682
15,285
15,171
15,336
15,365
15,487
15,489
5.617
5,750
5,290
6.465
6,785
7,300
6.618
7,252
6,734
6.700
919
818
738
1,394
1,227
909
820
1,259
1,340
1,413
633
567
479
1,007
821
568
498
857
935
1,050
7,207
7.234
7,250
7,250
7,448
7,442
7,464
7,517
7,565
7,546
1,977
1,988
1,992
1,975
1,961
1,981
1,984
1,912
1,935
1,953
9,090
9,121
9,007
8,825
9,040
9,258
9,955
10,485
10,971
11,209
15,618
15,609
15,467
15,301
15,309
15,667
16,276
16,755
17,315
17,568
6,768
5,924
6,446
5,184
5,221
5,383
5,523
5.466
5,355
3,861
1,065
312
273
864
561
562
560
454
534
543
779
981
917
565
319
314
328
255
349
367
21,047
23,609
23,855
24,123
24,003
22,080
24,570
24,723
24,837
24.344
7,734
8,025
8,040
8,064
7.993
7,907
7.994
8,057
8,067
8,031
2,036
2,050
2.049
2.050
2,036
2,018
2,044
2,042
2,047
2,049
11,277
13,534
13,766
14,009
13,974
12,155
14,532
14,624
14,723
14,264
17,630
17,698
17,988
18,319
18,336
18,342
18,653
18,831
18,894
18,941
3,741
3,190
3,139
3,890
3,594
3,412
3,411
3,119
3,298
7,325
429
262
226
509
298
188
212
103
167
361
271
133
115
322
159
79
92
15
36
73
21,372
20,580
20,329
2,360
2,169
2,043
1,946
1,811
1,681
1,549
1,408
1,335
1,237
22,783
23,983
23,747
23,614
23,677
21,734
23,636
22,839
22,290
22,292
7,953
7,853
7,809
7,683
7,560
7,492
7,539
7,398
7,307
7,275
2,059
2,065
2,034
1,980
1,925
1,921
1,935
1,852
1,834
1,801
12,771
14,065
13,904
13,951
14,192
12,321
14,162
13,589
13,149
13,216
19,066
18,680
18,511
18,137
18,234
18,191
18,202
17,810
17,280
17,083
7,702
7,506
7,159
6.701
6,473
6,278
6,042
5,646
5,321
5,059
872
853
676
771
885
748
874
1,059
429
557
328
321
224
288
371
338
493
681
245
319
19,849
19,300
18,984
18,574
17,842
1,081
1,009
936
796
628
20,098
20,950
20,785
21,249
21,049
6,958
7,193
7,249
7,454
7,594
1,885
1,898
1,806
1,848
1,455
11,255
11,859
11,730
11,947
12,000
16,994
16,550
16,454
16,402
16,333
5,075
5,298
5,138
5,610
5,430
17,689
17,441
17,153
16,588
16,004
15,612
571
511
435
« 327
« 259
« 210
420,247
4 19,796
4 7,304
47,232
41,376
41,379
1,374
1,396
12,033
11,085
11,567
11,185
11,130
10,738
16,336
16,308
• 15,759
4 15,366
15,126
15,044
5,279
5,219
5.667
5,780
5,581
5,730
«14,557
13,609
13,213
13,030
12,420
11,951
11,511
10,973
10,658
10,405
18,417
17,488
16,768
16,082
14,570
13,805
13,213
12,600
12,134
6,710
11, 688
5,911
5,933
5,403
5,181
5,051
4,877
4,722
4,475
1,403
1,468
1,463
1,424
1,401
1,373
1,289
1,279
1,302
1,331
10,304
9,802
9,394
8,725
7,766
7,251
6,873
6,444
6,110
5,882
14,376
13,914
12,834
(NA)
11,672
11,167
10,712
10,282
9,926
9,483
5,412
4,920
4,843
4,948
4,526
4,119
3,643
3,450
3,337
2,977
10,263
9,961
9,760
9,709
9,500
9.203
9; 073
8,937
»8,690
1 8,444
»8,133
11,491
11,034
10,819
10,635
10,567
10,347
10,191
9,895
9,686
9,291
8,984
4,522
4,323
4,269
4,367
4,257
4,202
4,104
3,982
3,979
3,796
3,803
1,323
1,192
1,119
998
970
760
730
687
654
655
606
5,646
5,519
5,431
5,270
5,340
5,385
5,357
5,226
5,053
4,840
4,575
9,548
9,432
9,297
9,168
9,066
8,900
8,647
8,332
8,295
8,008
7,577
2.668
2,239
1,818
1,603
1,559
1,485
1,767
1,809
1,825
1,796
1,598
35,513
35,157
34,934
34,614
33,714
33,034
32,708
32,416
31,822
31,077
8,532
8,295
8.043
7,800
7,542
7,313
7,175
7,009
6,926
6,837
16,134
16,365
16,603
16,775
17,399
17,422
17,590
17,658
18,067
18,220
6,185
6.233
6,243
6,291
6,911
7,341
7,316
7,023
7,243
7,235
1,218
1,246
1,266
1,369
1,395
1,310
1,530
30,174
29,519
28,664
27,686
27,277
26,967
26,631
26,145
25,838
25,668
6,629
6,438
6,279
6,037
5,800
5,549
4,382
3,939
3,561
3,240
18,274
18.343
18,249
18,050
18,449
18,681
19,403
19,914
20,471
20,708
25,646
25,538
25,595
25,636
25,432
25,500
25,681
25,901
26,086
26,094
3,095
3,102
3.044
2,950
2,809
2,771
2,764
2,707
2,632
2,520
26,051
25,465
24,875
24,453
23,800
23,217
22,182
21,092
19,720
19,753
19,209
7,603
7,287
7,249
7,075
6,218
1,868
1,456
1,348
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
NA Not available.
1 Increase in investment over a period of years cannot be obtained accurately by subtraction of 1 year's investment from that of another owing to reorganization, sale or
abandonment, reclassification, etc. For 1921-1924, includes investment of lessor
companies; and for 1925—1970, investment of lessor and proprietary companies.
2 Includes depreciation on "Miscellaneous physical property" prior to 1920 and
amortization of defense projects accrued in 1941-1950.
4
4
3 Prior to 1958, includes securities nominally issued and nominally outstanding as well
as those outstanding. Funded debt unmatured (series Q 361) does not include equipment obligations subsequent to 1942 but they are included here to preserve comparability of figures.
4 Class I and II railroads and their lessor subsidiaries.
3 Class I railroads.
6 Includes $170 million estimated reserve for accrued depreciation to place figure on
comparable basis with other years.
7 Represents 1893 investments less increases each year on account of change in
classification in 1893.
735
Q 367-377
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 367-377.
Railroad Income and Expenses, and Interest and Dividends: 1890 to 1970
[In thousands of dollars, except as indicated. Includes intercorporate duplications. Unless otherwise noted, covers class I, II, and III railroads, subject to general exception
that, prior to 1908, the returns for switching and terminal companies were included where applicable]
Interest and dividends 1
Income and expenses
Operating expenses
Operating
revenue
Year
ending—
367
Total
368
Maintenance Maintenance
of
of way and
structures
equipment
369
370
Tax accruals
Operating
income
371
372
Net oper- Net income 1
ating income
374
373
Ratio of operating expenses
to operating
revenues
(percent)
Dividends
declared
Interest
accrued on
funded debt
376
377
375
DECEMBER 3 1
126,429
517,066
623,440
2 367,689
957,359
80.31
78.99
78.86
79.00
76.07
486,132
534,849
660,048
582,088
547,667
553,763
501,856
473,213
455,059
423,486
066
433
952
266
045
865,899
733,220
681,325
600,393
410,140
76.76
78.42
77.88
78.51
79.08
532,649
492,443
412,815
394,116
385,017
402,889
384,413
377,656
376,149
383,313
594
760
772
934
1,083
618
140
898
645
708
473,175
607,924
630,033
765,227
908,416
79.42
78.32
78.78
78.32
76.73
411,650
431,860
444,982
466,415
476,083
386,774
390,467
393,159
382,175
373,207
1,404,185
1,146,203
1,364,302
1,285,922
1,165,447
1,144
887
1,122
1,091
956
347
817
512
657
699
958,849
712,252
939,887
900,472
757,934
75.51
78.66
76.18
76.01
77.27
476,207
405,403
445,145
394,042
373,574
373,502
376,020
378,218
376,907
367,244
1,212,084
845,089
1,043,036
949,273
506,480
1,239,861
867,406
1,188,666
965,136
780,197
1,055
693
1,014
790
624
309
957
815
534
868
854,951
496,103
767,949
537,405
334,966
74.42
80.27
77.19
78.21
83.31
348,811
306,995
335,313
280,397
283,171
367,218
365,393
361,879
374,150
406,147
2,157,678
1,597,155
1,449,356
1,219,460
1,000,375
835,434
1,961,652
1,862,940
1,211,775
555,970
1,036,130
1,317,941
1,560,675
1,682,347
1,148,081
858
1,113
1,370
1,499
1,009
864
568
364
592
502,250
733,461
946,150
992,843
557,672
79.17
66.62
62.64
61.66
68.52
295,294
292,248
263,919
254,088
239,438
449,917
488,877
515,617
564,174
543,954
508,328
477,697
431,021
508,319
466,284
826,242
773,080
683,529
834,820
790,240
402,953
361,617
346,236
331,013
324,858
820,161
728,992
507,155
730,158
810,434
690
595
376
597
675
554
961
865
841
600
243,148
141,134
-87,468
146,351
221,591
71.91
73.07
76.40
74.89
72.37
216,522
179,412
136,270
227,596
231,733
547,333
512,283
521,758
632,237
548,452
2,630,177
2,479,997
2,285,218
2,441,814
3,273,906
404,105
375,410
331,653
361,337
544,300
688,678
644,989
605,409
625,606
825,923
240,760
243,646
253,522
279,263
308,492
626,973
592,034
598,222
446,417
663,084
505
465
477
325
528
415
896
326
332
204
52,177
23,282
26,543
-121,630
169,287
75.17
74.77
72.82
77.06
77.10
202,568
211,767
158,790
150,774
401,463
559,187
569,760
690,230
591,340
592,866
5,356,484
6,373,004
6,212,464
6,245,716
6,508,679
3,993,621
4,579,162
4,508,606
4,662,521
4,766,235
723,525
877,067
861,846
895,063
894,886
1,030,482
1,216,045
1,181,251
1,234,655
1,300,680
353,881
402,698
395,631
383,112
396,538
1,007,907
1,389,955
1,306,620
1,198,547
1,344,010
874
1,262
1,182
1,077
1,229
154
636
467
842
020
577,923
977,230
855,018
741,924
883,422
74.56
71.86
72.57
74.65
73.23
603,150
560,902
510,018
'567,281
473,683
588,742
580,770
578,831
583,452
581,709
6,246,884
6,045,252
6,419,210
5,674,483
5,632,665
4,633,497
4,608,807
4,999,383
4,509,991
4,668,998
844,186
821,793
843,224
755,030
787,537
1,278,227
1,279,680
1,485,555
1,269,971
1,271,921
365,790
347,437
339,577
308,145
283,163
1,245,622
1,086,578
1,078,226
854,779
678,551
1,136
984
974
769
601
728
463
918
411
139
771,053
623,399
632,118
434,459
350,540
74.17
76.24
77.88
79.48
82.89
409,645
385,130
411,882
338,806
456,482
583,875
588,301
551,706
538,594
529,398
6,310,151
5,250,420
4,985,290
4,115,413
3,691,065
5,954,394
4,498,817
4,071,522
2,906,283
2,426,251
1,069,436
800,912
673,084
460,447
439,195
1,613,950
1,245,264
1,120,611
700,073
609,105
289,272
239,136
229,533
218,632
161,825
75,402
511,546
684,004
988,776
1,102,171
12
454
646
950
1,058
101
132
223
557
506
481,951
496,609
442,336
658,225
735,341
94.36
85.68
81.67
70.62
65.73
331,103
335,242
339,186
381,852
366,561
500,354
476,075
468,286
474,123
481,426
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966—
12,209,237
11,658,525
11,061,902
10,581,560
10,880,467
9,805,555
9,209,137
8,723,664
8,359,369
8,277,294
1,650,302
1,540,481
1,441,112
1,326,630
1,342,632
2,188,863
2,025,511
1,938,988
1,895,376
1,872,661
1,103,988
1,065,134
979,700
941,272
1,001,510
1,299,694
1,384,254
1,358,538
1,280,919
1,601,663
505
667
694
689
1,065
669
157
143
548
232
1965
1964.
1963
1962.
1961
10,425,052
9,985,187
9,684,636
9,562,991
9,309,696
8,002,685
7,830,168
7,542,306
7,507,757
7,361,751
1,273,099
1,250,697
1,207,801
1,179,466
1,141,223
1,802,103
1,779,807
1,747,395
1,758,967
1,698,617
949,215
891,248
906,456
925,572
1,011,814
1,473,152
1,263,771
1,235,874
1,129,663
936,131
980
828
815
735
547
1960*
1959
1958
1957
1956
9,641,593
9,954,828
9,686,289
10,625,452
10,686,492
7,657,329
7,796,835
7,631,341
8,321,577
8,199,792
1,217,241
1,262,683
1,248,596
1,458,888
1,433,037
1,775,528
1,813,550
1,735,067
1,928,912
1,907,606
1,020,471
1,070,093
977,277
1,090,818
1,144,446
963,793
1,087,900
1,077,671
1,213,057
1,342,254
1955...
1954
1953
1952
1951-
10,229,600
9,484,015
10,787,891
10,702,877
10,511,612
7,724,496
7,460,507
8,218,223
8,134,811
8,122,521
1,412,877
1,376,478
1,612,390
1,546,613
1,505,488
1,798,579
1,704,985
1,993,602
1,965,327
1,956,438
1,100,920
877,304
1,205,366
1,282,144
1,223,644
9,587,000
8,680,791
9,784,332
8,784,214
7,709,171
7,135,055
6,968,296
7,552,630
6,869,806
6,422,494
1,311,775
1,309,857
1,374,058
1,234,978
1,169,887
1,718,660
1,617,800
1,713,967
1,568,124
1,478,302
8,986,954
9,524,628
9,138,419
7,547,826
5,413,972
7,115,391
6,345,035
5,714,804
4,653,705
3,709,921
1,431,221
1,283,208
1,125,873
811,206
615,533
4,354,712
4,050,047
3,616,072
4,226,325
4,108,658
3,131,598
2,959,438
2,762,681
3,165,154
2,973,366
3,499,126
3,316,861
3,138,186
3,168,537
4,246,385
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
19451944
1943
1942
1941
„
1940—
1939
1938
1937
1936
1935..
1934
1933
1932
1931—
1920
19191918
1917
1916
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
736
153
2
2
2
3
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 367-377.
Q 330-397
Railroad Income and Expenses, and Interest and Dividends: 1890 to 1970—Con.
[In thousands of dollars, except as indicated]
Interest and dividends 1
Income and expenses
Operating expenses
Operating
revenue
Maintenance Maintenance
of
of way and
structures
equipment
Total
367
368
3,472,642
2,956,193
3,127,730
»3,193,118
2,906,416
2,852,855
2,277,202
2,088,683
2,280,416
5 2,235,923
2,035,058
1,976,332
2,812,142
2,473,205
2,440,659
2,589,106
2,325,765
2,082,482
1,975,174
1,900,847
1,726,380
1,588,526
1,881,879
1,650,034
1,710,402
1,748,516
1,536,877
1,390,602
1,338,896
1,257,539
1,116,249
1,030,397
1,487,045
1,313,610
1,247,326
1,122,090
1,150,169
1,075,371
1,073,362
1,220,752
1,171,407
1,096,761
1,051,878
961,429
856,969
817,973
752,525
772,989
725,720
731,414
827,921
780,898
731,888
692,094
369
370
421,501
381,532
419,278
5421,232
367,448
366,025
Tax accruals
Operating
income
371
372
Net operNet income 1
ating income
373
374
1,002,935
694,276
674,190
6 805,266
727,458
744,669
671,398
354,787
395,492
«546,761
453,125
547,281
65.58
70.65
72.91
5 70.02
70.02
69.28
342,109
328,478
451,653
369,078
400,315
460,195
368,507
308,450
329,373
343,545
311,721
275,046
261,280
266,422
248,382
231,057
413,110
363,913
368,354
368,062
328,555
288,441
267,185
240,430
213.381
190,300
98,035
85,140
78,674
73,743
69,064
58,712
56,802
53,522
50,054
46,708
832,228
738,032
651,562
805,097
710,474
634,794
766,846
719,824
633,168
579,476
590,056
560,077
511,421
583,191
441,063
443,987
488.014
434,229
364,811
317,308
338,324
314,989
273,450
66.92
66.72
70.08
67.53
66.08
66.78
67.79
66.16
64.66
64.86
405,771
321,072
390,695
308,089
272,796
237,964
221,941
196,728
185,392
156,736
211,221
180,411
173,315
159,434
160,345
143,976
143,669
169,258
164,189
153,672
152,719
181,174
150,919
142,625
122,762
133.382
113,789
112,895
136,876
128,712
117,048
114,039
44,445
44,397
41,929
41,119
37,962
38,146
36,556
35,071
32,751
32,052
29,806
481,171
412,244
387,424
328,446
339,219
311,505
305,391
357,760
357,658
332,822
329,978
252,760
177,225
147,167
85,802
94,794
60,133
60,174
114.015
120,091
114,965
106,270
64.65
65.24
65.58
67.06
67.20
67.48
68.14
67.82
66.67
66.73
65.80
139,598
111,010
96,153
87,111
87,603
85,288
95,515
100,930
97,615
91,118
87,072
4
5
6
Includes unusual items, amounting to $76,300,000, not representing cash.
Class I and II railroads.
Class I and II railroads and their lessor subsidiaries.
Railroad Tax Accruals: 1921 to 1970
[In millions of dollars.
Class I railroads]
U.S. Government taxes
Old-age
retirement
Unemployment
insurance
Income
and
379
380
381
382
1.068.5
1,029.1
946.6
910.2
968.4
665.3
640.0
579.6
544.3
626.4
468.3
422.3
398.9
359.3
318.1
107.6
113.8
117.5
121.0
88.4
106.2
916.5
870.6
886.4
905.0
991.1
560.4
524.0
539.5
540.0
608.2
271.2
256.3
242.3
246.0
233.8
124.0
128.3
131.6
135.8
130.1
163.7
137.9
164 .1
156.8
242.5
998.8
1.047.6
957.2
1,068.4
1.121.3
598.6
643.4
559.0
664.2
728.5
253.2
244.7
225.5
258.7
269.3
141.0
129.2
90.3
82.9
64.9
1.080.4
861.3
1,185.0
1,261.8
1,203.3
700.9
499.6
822.4
906.4
855.8
262.5
250.6
266.8
269.8
264.1
1,194.6
832.5
1.028.5
936.4
498.1
866.5
517.8
721.2
654.0
242.1
242.1
233.8
243.9
232.2
136.9
376
1,044,603
729,069
706,844
6 835,190
757,540
773,866
Series Q 378-384.
378
375
150,015
137,775
140,470
5 122,005
113,819
102,657
6
6
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 Includes lessors.
After extraordinary and prior period items.
3 Includes $10,000 dividend declared from "capital surplus."
Total
Dividends
declared
570,326
509,819
532,139
511,561
450,373
428,367
6
2
Total
Ratio of operating expenses
to operating
revenues
(percent)
profits
U.S. Government taxes
All
other
Other
taxes
Year
Total
384
383
Total
Old-age
retirement
Unemployment
insurance
Income
and
excess
profits
379
380
381
382
All
other
403.2
389.1
366.7
365.8
342.0
1945.
1944
1943
1942
1941
823.5
1,846.0
1,849.2
1,198.8
547.2
548.0
1.560.4
1.578.5
950.6
323.3
119.8
120.2
110.0
85.5
69.1
110.8
110.8
101.6
85.5
69.0
305.7
1,304.4
1,335.1
755.1
173.8
11.9
25.0
31.8
24.5
11.4
1.5
1.5
1.9
356.1
346.6
346.9
365.0
382.9
1940
1939
1938
1937.
1936
396.4
355.7
340.8
325.7
319.8
181.5
118.7
75.4
66.7
91.8
58.2
50.3
47.1
25.1
47.3
58.2
28.7
5.9
4.5
8.8
59.9
32.8
18.9
32.0
30.7
5.:
6.9
3.5
5.1
5.0
202.9
267.6
240.9
320.3
392.0
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.3
400.2
404.2
398.2
404.2
392.8
1935
1934.
1933
1932.
1931
236.9
239.6
249.6
275.1
303.5
24.7
19.8
19.3
11.9
10.2
18.9
14.3
12.7
5.8
5.5
6.6
21.3
20.0
21.2
21.6
414.3
226.4
533.1
2.7
2.6
379.5
361.7
362.6
355.4
347.5
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
348.6
396.7
389.4
376.1
388.9
39.9
89.4
88.0
84.6
108.3
20.2
19.4
21.1
121.2
117.4
601.2
261.6
3.0
3.0
7.9
3.0
3.4
328.1
314.7
307.3
282.4
256.0
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
358.5
340.3
331.9
301.0
275.9
86.5
73.4
77.1
51.9
37.3
110.6
22.0
66.1
66.3
186.3
612.6
567.1
448.4
297.6
-15.7
1.0
.9
.8
.9
1.0
1.5
1.6
2.6
1.3
2.4
737
Q
413-432
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 385-387.
Railroad Highway Grade Crossings: 1925 to 1970
[Class I railroads.
Includes switching and terminal companies]
Eliminated
during
year by
separation
of grades
Total
Specially
protected
385
386
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
210,954
211,740
211,993
213,723
214,417
46,674
45,961
45,502
45,213
44,432
95
49
207
132
173
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942
1941.
226,153
226,357
226,938
227,496
229,722
33,321
33,211
33,124
33,075
32,859
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
215,961
218,723
220,165
221,653
223,735
44,333
43,990
43,484
43,127
42,256
59
159
72
132
100
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
230,285
231,104
231,400
232,322
232,902
32,421
31,775
31,448
31,119
30,466
1960.
1959.
1958
1957.
1956
224,513
225,394
225,938
223,381
224,519
42,267
41,720
41,155
39,884
39,324
102
130
78
113
72
1935
1934
1933.
1932
1931
234,231
234,820
235,827
237,035
238,017
30,200
30,226
30,628
30,809
31,052
1955
1954
1953.
1952.
1951.
226,318
226,522
227,110
227,291
227,415
39,060
38,528
37,990
37.242
36,682
84
80
53
95
50
1950.
1949
1948.
1947.
1946.
227,364
226,791
226,844
226,501
226,143
35,968
35.243
34,507
33,789
33,320
61
53
26
24
23
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
240,673
242,809
240,089
236,283
235,158
233,633
30,287
30,190
29,215
28,724
27,927
27,241
Year
Series Q 388-397.
Year
Total
Specially
protected
385
386
Fuel Received, Ties and Rails Laid, and Purchases by Railroads: 1917 to 1970
[Class I line-haul railroads]
Fuel received
Year
Bituminous
coal
Fuel
oil
Diesel
oil
388
389
390
1,000
short tons
Mil.
gal.
Mil.
gal.
19701969
1968
1967.
1966
Cross-ties laid
1
_
New
rails
laid
Purchases
Total
Treated
Total, incl.
miscellaneous
Fuel
Forest
products
Iron and
steel
products
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
1,000
short tons
1,000
1,000
Mil.
dol.
Mil.
dol.
Mil.
dol.
Mil.
dol.
1
1
2
2
3
33
42
47
65
3,812
3,924
3,922
3,889
3,925
549
575
547
474
605
19,611
20,088
19,006
17,458
17,699
19,473
19,895
18,811
17,319
17,399
1,654
1,534
1,591
1,605
446
439
415
401
123
104
126
125
454
425
462
483
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
4
7
1,566
1,834
1,870
77
85
221
229
224
3,742
3,630
3,636
3,578
3,507
446
383
370
312
293
16,982
16,546
15,120
15,206
13,427
16,731
16,488
15,027
15,138
13,357
1,498
1,476
1,401
1,311
1,262
374
365
376
364
366
104
97
85
81
70
447
437
396
374
334
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
2,229
2,717
3,658
8,160
12,280
233
237
239
279
443
3,560
3,620
3,453
3,633
3,639
382
481
413
782
883
16,417
18,267
17,722
25,123
27,323
16,290
18,077
17,426
24,497
26,848
1,463
1,430
1,231
1,816
1,884
365
392
376
460
477
97
93
76
128
155
446
419
320
609
613
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
15,188
15,964
28,005
37,829
54,226
613
656
1,153
1,668
2,335
3,453
3,160
3,067
2,759
2,323
963
993
1,302
1,086
1,282
27,173
25,728
33,462
34,231
32,457
26,490
24,531
32,144
32,910
30,804
1,637
1,425
1,920
1,818
2,176
454
433
510
539
621
119
114
176
177
188
510
406
613
513
704
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
63,906
64,671
98,826
109,884
108,148
2,519
2,638
3,759
4,052
4,144
1,923
1,486
1,170
785
544
1,368
1,448
1,548
1,639
1,388
33,091
32,926
40,472
40,206
40,150
31,553
31,198
38,281
37,920
37,671
1,740
1,641
2,183
1,909
1,571
609
564
833
692
553
121
142
166
172
149
510
454
590
504
416
1945
1944...
1943
1942
1941
123,007
135,579
129,738
120,910
104,100
4,706
4,744
4,802
4,135
3,368
441
316
219
174
114
1,823
1,773
1,448
1,353
1,355
46,624
51,259
49,344
53,241
50,077
43,657
47,695
44,822
47,932
43,872
1,572
1,611
1,394
1,260
1,161
555
586
527
426
350
137
159
150
115
104
418
432
340
354
380
See footnotes at end of table.
738
t
R A I L TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 388-397.
Fuel Received, Ties and Rails Laid, and Purchases by Railroads: 1917 to 1970—Con.
Fuel received 1
Year
Bituminous
coal
Fuel
oil
Diesel
oil
388
389
390
1,000
short tons
Mil.
gal.
Mil.
gal.
Purchases
Total
Treated
Total, incl.
miscellaneous
Fuel
Forest
products
Iron and
steel
products
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
1,000
short tons
1,000
1,000
Mil.
dol.
Mil.
dol.
Mil.
dol.
Mil.
dol.
45,326
46,410
42,508
49,738
49,117
38,698
39,654
34,589
39,674
38,206
854
769
583
966
803
274
257
244
294
272
82
70
57
105
77
264
236
127
311
239
2,282
2,108
1,943
1,984
2,380
658
715
457
456
1,154
45,260
44,131
38,007
40,137
54,449
33,939
32,367
26,818
30,107
41,851
593
600
466
445
695
233
217
181
178
245
57
64
42
52
76
135
151
104
95
189
108,651
124,152
119,820
130,606
139,602
2,870
3,208
2,847
2,921
3,173
1,783
2,281
2,404
2,477
2,475
69,325
81,964
84,585
86,243
80,746
54,529
64,724
64,331
62,963
55,558
1,039
1,330
1,271
1,396
1,559
307
364
385
439
473
135
158
161
176
186
305
407
375
407
507
131,452
126,340
157,900
120,654
127,630
3,114
3,095
3,017
2,184
2,006
1,937
1,557
1,640
82,717
83,073
84,435
86,642
86,522
50,090
44,490
41,656
40,630
36,072
1,392
1,343
1,739
459
472
618
170
181
233
419
366
465
1,581
2,615
2,109
2,293
86,829
80,903
76,139
79,070
37,792
88,595
81,813
74,784
91,718
91,707
2,752
2,573
2,426
2,875
2,569
19351934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
81,286
79,494
75,487
74,670
91,136
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926 _
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
73
44
19201919.
1918.
1917.
1
Cross-ties laid
New
rails
laid
1,134
992
679
1,163
1,043
1940.
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
-
Q 388-409
2
Represents zero.
Beginning 1964, represents fuel consumed by locomotives and rail motor cars.
Series Q 398-409.
2
2
Figures for this and earlier years less inclusive than for later years.
Railroad Employment and Wages, and Accidents and Fatalities: 1890 to 1970
[Statistics on accidents and fatalities not strictly comparable because of changing definition of a reportable accident]
Employees 1
Year ending—
Number
398
Railroad accidents and fatalities (all steam railroads)
Compensation
399
1,000
Total
Passengers 2 3
Employees 4
Other persons 3
Trespassers 3 6
Killed
Injured
Killed
Injured
Killed
Injured
Killed
Injured
Killed
Injured
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
Mil. dol.
DECEMBER 3 1
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
577
590
602
624
645
5,646
6,451
5,197
5,026
4,975
2,225
2,299
2,359
2,483
2,684
21,327
23,356
24,608
24,523
25,552
8
6
11
12
23
489
862
1,329
1,054
1,244
172
190
150
176
168
16,285
17,255
18,116
18,065
18,651
1,452
1,476
1,570
1,649
1,815
3,907
4,565
4,500
4,718
4,965
593
627
628
646
678
646
674
663
696
702
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
656
675
691
711
727
4,887
4,758
4,690
4,722
4,684
2,399
2,423
2,141
2,106
2,127
26,789
27,614
27,456
26,880
27,118
11
8
13
27
17
1,189
1,489
2,135
2,109
1,887
184
188
173
190
145
19,133
20,499
19,992
19,733
20,194
1,570
1,608
1,384
1,272
1,341
4,799
4,915
4,671
4,360
4,359
634
619
571
617
624
668
711
658
678
678
1960*
1959
1958
1957
1956...
793
828
853
999
1,058
4,967
5,049
4,991
6,422
5,388
2,248
2,094
2,311
2,393
2,678
19,577
19,909
19,343
18,688
28,676
32
10
61
15
57
1,463
1,352
1,628
1,566
2,756
198
178
187
195
288
13,710
14,193
13,305
12,246
19,608
1,401
1,265
1,352
1,441
1,415
3,840
3,740
3,750
4,259
5,588
617
641
711
742
818
564
619
660
617
724
1955
1954
1963
1952
1951
1,071
1,078
1,221
1,242
1,292
5,045
4,907
5,381
5,382
5,328
2,761
2,675
3,039
3,011
3,459
27,840
25,547
29,214
30,001
34,454
24
30
49
24
150
2,253
2,247
2,503
2,049
3,184
282
235
343
386
432
19,011
17,219
20,170
21,339
24,266
1,588
1,440
1,603
1,568
1,735
5,896
5,354
5,745
5,806
6,178
867
870
1,044
1,043
1,142
680
727
796
807
826
1950
1949
1948
19471946...
1,237
1,209
1,345
1,371
1,378
4,645
4,469
4,821
4,399
4,214
3,486
3,426
3,883
4,285
4,508
33,267
32,123
43,107
48,819
52,026
180
37
69
79
128
3,419
2,645
3,607
4,246
4,714
392
450
622
791
738
22,586
22,993
31,961
36,880
39,472
1,699
1,652
1,757
1,936
2,007
6,320
5,664
6,575
6,675
6,853
1,215
1,287
1,445
1,480
1,635
942
921
964
1,018
987
1945
1944
1943
1942—
1941
1,439
1,434
1,375
1,291
1,159
3,901
3,898
3,556
2,966
2,360
4,812
4,908
5,051
5,337
5,191
61,515
61,251
60,348
48,123
37,829
156
267
278
122
48
4,840
4,854
5,166
3,501
3,009
972
1,087
1,072
1,005
807
48,632
48,613
46,971
36,032
25,866
2,092
2,004
1,946
2,197
2,141
7,031
6,820
7,076
7,237
7,378
1,592
1,550
1,755
2,013
2,195
1,012
964
1,135
1,353
1,576
__.
See footnotes at end of table.
739
Q
388-412
Series Q 398-409.
TRANSPORTATION
Railroad Employment and Wages, and Accidents and Fatalities: 1890 to 1970—Con.
Employees 1
Number
Railroad accidents and fatalities (all steam railroads)
Compensation
399
Total
Passengers 1
Killed
Injured
Killed
400
401
402
Employees 4
Injured
Killed
Injured
Other persons 3
Killed
Trespassers 3
Injured
Killed
407
408
Mil. dol.
1,046
1,007
958
1,137
1,086
1,991
1,889
1,771
2,014
1,874
4,740
4,492
4.649
5,502
6.650
29,606
28,144
27,275
36,713
34,723
83
40
81
34
41
2,597
2,580
2,345
2,594
2,548
583
536
613
712
720
18,360
17,383
16,569
24,114
22,409
1,979
1,564
1,695
2,102
1,988
6,886
6,225
6,253
7,703
7,348
2,095
2,352
2,360
2,654
2,801
1,773
1,966
2,108
2,302
2,418
1,014
1,027
991
1,052
1,283
1,666
1,541
1,424
1,635
2,125
6,258
5,020
6,180
4,906
6,271
28,108
28,641
27,516
29,232
36,671
30
38
51
27
46
1,949
1,946
2,067
1,912
2,104
600
556
533
679
677
16,742
17,338
15,932
17,742
23,358
1,842
1,729
1.704
1,722
2,059
6,711
6,573
5,915
6,214
7,232
2,786
2,697
2,892
2,577
2,489
2,706
2,785
3,602
3,364
2,977
1,517
1,694
1,692
1,776
1,822
2,689
2,940
2,874
2,963
3,002
5,665
6,690
6,680
6,992
7,090
49,443
77,013
86,205
104,817
130,235
61
114
91
88
152
2,666
3.846
3,468
3,893
4,461
977
1,428
1,329
1,670
1,672
35.872
60,739
70.873
88,223
111,903
2,218
2,724
2,773
2,608
2.705
8,230
10,082
9,497
9,976
11,326
2,409
2,424
2,487
2,726
2,561
2,675
2,346
2,367
2,725
2,545
1,786
1,795
1,902
1,670
1,705
2,916
2,883
3,062
2,693
2,824
6,766
6,617
7,385
6,326
5,996
137,435
143,739
171,712
134,871
120,685
171
149
138
200
205
4,962
6,354
6.847
6,153
6,684
1,599
1,543
2,026
1,667
1,446
119,224
125,319
162,678
117,197
104,530
2,412
2,369
2,442
2,038
4,345
10,571
10,213
10,140
8,677
10,571
2,584
2,556
2,779
2,430
2,688
2,853
3,047
2,844
2,076
1,960
1,892
1,786
1,701
3,754
2,898
2,665
1,783
1,507
6,958
6,978
9,286
10,087
10,001
168,309
149,053
174,676
194,805
196,722
229
273
471
301
246
7,591
7,456
7,316
7,582
7,152
2,578
2,138
3,419
3,199
2,941
149,414
131,018
156,013
174,247
176,923
4,151
4,567
5,396
6,587
6,814
11,304
10,579
11,246
12,976
12,647
1,654
1,648
1,710
•1,815
1,716
1,670
1,404
1,278
1,381
•1,374
1,252
1,208
9,364
8,621
10,302
10,964
10,585
10,396
180,376
162,040
192,662
200,308
169,538
150,159
199
232
360
283
299
7,488
10,914
13,887
15,130
14,938
12,042
2,687
2,152
3,259
3,715
3,635
3,602
160,663
138,092
165,212
171,417
142,442
126,039
6,438
6,270
6,811
6,899
6,667
6,495
12,224
13,034
13,563
13,761
1,699
1,503
1,436
1,672
1,621
1,144
988
1,036
1,072
901
9,682
8,722
10,188
11,839
10,618
119,507
95,626
104,230
111,016
97,706
324
253
381
610
359
12,451
10,311
11,656
13,041
10,764
2,610
3,405
4,534
3,929
95,671
75,006
82,487
87,644
76,701
6,976
5,859
6,402
6,695
6,330
11,385
10,309
10,187
10,331
10,241
1,382
1,296
1,313
1,189
1,071
840
818
757
676
611
9,703
10,046
9,840
8,588
8,455
86,008
84,155
76,553
64,662
53,339
637
441
355
345
282
10,467
9,111
8,231
6,683
4,988
3,361
3,632
3,606
2,969
2,675
66,833
67,067
60,481
50,524
41,142
6,806
5,973
5,879
6,274
5,498
8,718
7,977
7,841
7,455
7,209
1,018
929
875
823
827
577
523
495
466
469
7,865
7,123
6,859
6,437
6,448
50,320
44,620
40,882
36,731
38,687
249
239
221
222
181
4,128
3,442
2,946
2,795
2,873
2,650
2,210
1,958
1,693
1,861
39,643
34,923
31,761
27,667
29,969
5,066
4,674
4,680
4,622
4,406
6,549
6,255
6,176
6,269
5,845
785
780
874
821
784
446
6,136
6,447
7,346
7,147
7,029
33,748
31,889
40,393
36,652
33,881
170
324
299
376
293
2,375
3,034
3,229
3,227
2,972
1,811
1,823
2,727
2,554
2,660
25,696
23,422
31,729
28,267
26,140
4,155
4,300
4,320
4,217
4,076
5,677
5,433
5,435
6,158
4,769
6,335
29,027
286
2,426
2,451
22,396
3,598
4,206
749
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
1 See headnote for series Q 367-377.
2 Passengers on trains and travelers not
on trains.
3 Casualties sustained in nontrain accidents included with "Other persons." Nonirain accidents are those not caused directly by operation or movement of trains, locomotives, or cars, but attributable to shop machinery or use of tools and apparatus that
result in reportable casualties.
740
12,168
12,078
4 Prior to 1921 casualties sustained by employees not on duty in nontrain accidents
included with "Other persons."
6 Trespassers included with "Other persons" prior to 1922.
• Class I and II railroads.
R A I L TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 410-412.
Year
Q 410-412
Pullman Company Operations: 1915 to 1968
Average
miles of road
over which
operations
conducted
Revenue
passengermiles 1
(millions)
Employees
410
411
412
1968.
1967.
1966.
33,464
42,713
45,807
1,002
1,434
1,969
2,945
4,179
4,905
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
51,057
52,994
59,798
61,278
63,035
2,014
2,218
2,516
2,905
3,046
5,347
5,544
5,902
6,392
6,688
1960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
67,467
71,448
79,555
85,068
87,472
3,358
3,462
4,300
5,388
6,630
7,320
8,020
10,234
14,890
16,793
1955.
1954
1953.
1952.
1951.
89,124
91,920
94,518
96,390
99,592
6,882
7,271
8,200
9,336
9,893
18,061
19,866
21,529
22,588
23,862
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
102,722
104,287
104,940
105,950
100,653
10,558
10,544
12,172
13,516
20,672
22,820
22,286
23,724
29,046
36,982
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
95,765
103,766
104,128
106,408
108,034
27,276
28,267
25,891
19,072
10,070
41,601
39.703
33,182
26,591
22.704
Year
Average
miles of road
over which
operations
conducted
Revenue
passengermiles 1
(millions)
411
1940_,
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
109,595
109,886
110,728
111,507
111,522
8,214
8,485
8,270
9,170
8,355
1935.
1934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
112,117
112,420
112,298
118,061
125,703
7,146
6,891
6,142
6,757
9,891
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
129,578
130,019
128,753
123,334
126,907
12,516
14,059
13,938
14,699
14,409
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
126,840
124,795
124,794
123,547
14,016
13,082
12,982
11,759
11,295
1920.
1919.
1918.
1917.
1916.
14,334
13,720
10,679
11,072
9,285
1915.
8,925
1 1939-1967 includes Pullman operations on Canadian and Mexican railroads; excludes chartered car operations.
741
Chapter Q
Water Transportation (Series Q 413-564)
Q 413-564.
General note.
Basic governmental sources of historical merchant-marine and
water-traffic statistics include American State Papers: Class IV,
Commerce and Navigation, vols. 1 and 2, for 1789-1823; the various
annual issues of Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States,
for 1821-1946, originally issued b y the Register of the Treasury and
then by the Treasury Department, later b y the Department of Commerce and Labor, and finally by the Department of Commerce; the
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation, 1884-1923, the
issuance of which followed a similar succession beginning with I he
Treasury Department; annual issues of Merchant Marine Statistics,
1924-1965, originally prepared by the Department of Commerce as
successor to the statistical section of the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation, and issued annually by the Bureau of Customs
until 1965, supplemented by records of the U.S. Coast Guard, and
the various annual issues of the Annual Report of the Office of the Chief
of Engineers, Corps of Engineers. The Statistical Abstract of the
United States, a secondary source, also contains historical merchantmarine and water-traffic statistics. The Statistical Abstract has been
issued by the following agencies: 1878-1902, Bureau of Statistics,
Treasury Department; 1903-1911, Bureau of Statistics, Department
of Commerce and Labor; 1912, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce, Department of Commerce and Labor; 1913-1937, Bureau
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce; 1938
and thereafter, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.
Congressional documents also contain historical series on the
merchant marine, foreign commerce, and related fields. For 17891882, a particularly valuable collection of documents was found in
the library of the Department of Commerce, bound together under
the title Decadence of American Shipping and Compulsory Pilotage.
The documents included are as follows: Foreign Commerce and Decadence of American Shipping, H. K. Ex. D o c . N o . I l l , 41st Congress,
2d session; Causes of the Reduction of American Tonnage and the Decline
of Navigation Interest...,
H. R . Report No. 28, 41st Congress, 2d
session; Foreign Commerce and the Practical Workings of Maritime
Reciprocity, H. R. Ex. Doc. No. 76, 41st Congress, 3d session; Causes
of the Decadence of Our Merchant Marine; Means for Its Restoration
and the Extension of Our Foreign Commerce, H. R. Report No. 342,
46th Congress, 3d session; American Shipping, H. R . Report No.
1827, 47th Congress, 2d session; American Merchant Marine, H. R.
Report No. 363, 48th Congress, 1st session; Ship-Building and ShipOwning Interests, H. R. Report No. 750, 48th Congress, 1st session;
and reports of lesser interest, H. R. Misc. D o c . No. 37 and Report
No. 1848, both of the 48th Congress, 1st session.
Since 1921, publications of the Maritime Commission and its
predecessor agencies should also be consulted, particularly the reports
entitled, Ocean-Going Merchant Fleets of Principal Maritime Nations,
Iron and Steel, Steam and Motor, Vessels of 2,000 Gross Tons and
Over, issued quarterly or semiannually, 1921-1941, and Employment
of American Flag Steam and Motor Merchant Vessels of 1,000 Gross
Tons and Over, issued quarterly, 1923-1941. Finally, the Bureau of
the Census (and its predecessor Census Office) published the results
of five censuses of water transportation, for the years 1880, 1889,
1906,1916, and 1926 (see general note for series Q 414-505, below).
Q 413.
Persons entering the United States by ship, 1933-1970.
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Annual Report of the
Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the Finances, various issues.
742
Data include persons entering by documented vessels, excluding
ferryboats.
Q 414-505.
General note.
Statistics on documented merchant vessels and shipbuilding are
from Merchant Marine Statistics, various annual issues, supplemented
by records of the U.S. Coast Guard. Many are from the 1936 issue.
Some of the estimates from the 1936 report have been modified,
however, as explained below in table II. The text statements, and
the correction of errors found in the published tables are based on
reference to the primary sources, as follows: For 1789-1823, see
American State Papers: Class IV, Commerce and Navigation, vols. 1
and 2 (published in 1834); for 1821-1892, see annual issues of Commerce and Navigation of the United States; for 1884-1923, see issues
of Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation; for 1924-1945,
see annual issues of Merchant Marine Statistics.
Of the Maritime Commission reports cited in the general note for
series Q 413 - 564, above, the first, Ocean-Going Merchant
Fleets...,
provides data for each leading maritime nation on ocean-going merchant vessels of 2,000 gross tons and over, showing number and
tonnage of such fleets classified by age, speed, size, boilers, engines,
draft, etc., by major vessel type. The second, Employment of American Flag Steam and Motor Merchant Vessels . . . , shows for seagoing
merchant vessels of 1,000 gross tons and over the number and tonnage
of such vessels employed in U.S. foreign and domestic trade, arranged
by majcr vessel type, ownership (government and private), and
area of operation.
Census statistics on water transportation are not presented here.
For reports of these censuses, see Tenth Census Reports, vol. IV,
Report on Agencies of Transportation, 1880; Eleventh Census Reports,
Report on Transportation Business, part 1, "Transportation b y
Water"; Transportation by Water, 1906; Water Transportation, 1916;
and Water Transportation, 1926.
The first ccnsus, for 1880, was limited to steam vessels. The report
of this census includes a detailed history of steam navigation in the
United States with separate discussion and single-year construction
statistics b y geographic region, from the beginning to 1880. (See
T . C. Purdy, "Report on Steam Navigation in the United States,"
Tenth Census Reports, 1880, vol. IV.) The report of the shipbuilding
census, also taken the same year, includes a detailed technical history
of shipbuilding in all aspects, with particular reference to sailing
craft. Single-year figures are shown for New England shipbuilding,
1674-1714, classified by type of vessel and place where built. (See
Henry Hall, "Report on the Ship-Building Industry of the United
States," Tenth Census Reports, 1880, vol. VIII.)
The censuses of 1889 and 1906 included all classes of vessels. H o w ever, the 1889 census included fishing vessels for the Pacific Division
only and the 1906 census excluded fishing vessels. The censuses of
1916 and 1926 provided data for all U.S. vessels and craft of 5 tons
net register and over, documented and undocumented, whether propelled by machinery or sails, or unrigged, except that certain specified
types of vessels were excluded. (See Bureau of the Census, Water
Transportation, 1926, p. 5.) While the census reports of 1850 and
1860 contain some statistics relating to water transportation, these
statistics apparently were collected by other agencies.
Data shown here are for documented merchant vessels only, ex-
WATER TRANSPORTATION
elusive of yachts.
applicable:
The following definitions are those currently
Documented vessels include all vessels granted registers, enrollments
and licenses, or licenses, as "vessels of the United States," and as
such have certain benefits and privileges. Vessels of 5 net tons and
over owned by citizens of the United States and otherwise complying
with the requirements for documentation may be documented to
engage in the foreign or coasting trades or the fisheries.
Registers are ordinarily issued to vessels engaged in the foreign
trade or the whale fisheries. Historically, this group has included the
major portion of the whaling fleet.
Enrollments and licenses are issued to vessels of 20 net tons and over
engaged in the coasting trade or fisheries.
Licenses may be issued to vessels of less than 20 net tons engaged
in the coasting trade or fisheries.
Undocumented craft are those not registered, enrolled, or licensedBarges, scows, lighters, and canal boats, without any propelling power
of their own, operated exclusively in a harbor, on the canals or other
internal waters of a State, or on the rivers or lakes of the United
States, not in any case carrying passengers, and vessels under 5 net
tons are exempt from the requirements of the laws governing documentation.
Gross tonnage refers to space measurement, 100 cubic feet equaling
1 ton; it is not a measure of weight. Gross tonnage is the capacity
of the entire space within the frames and the ceiling of the hull, together with those closed-in spaces above deck available for cargo,
stores, passengers, or crew, with certain minor exemptions. Before
1865, 95 cubic feet equaled 1 ton, and the admeasurement method
differed in other respects.
Changes in maritime law: Admeasurement method. "Admeasurement" refers to the method of calculating gross tonnage of ships or
vessels. The first law of the United States on the subject appears
to have been enacted September 1,1789 (1 Stat. 55). The enactment
then made was reenacted with certain minor amendments in the Acts
of August 4, 1790 (1 Stat. 169), and of March 2, 1799 (1 Stat. 675),
and as so enacted was in force until January 1, 1865.
A basic change in admeasurement method was provided in the
act of M a y 6, 1864, effective January 1, 1865 (13 Stat. 70-72, R. S.
4153, 46 U. S. C. 77). The method described in the act of M a y 6,
1864, appears to have been substantially the same as that in force
in 1945.
For the transition period, 1865-1868, the total tonnage figures
for the fleet are "mixed." During those years, the total fleet tonnage
was obtained b y combining the "old admeasurement" tonnage of
vessels not yet readmeasured and the "new admeasurement" tonnage
of vessels which had been readmeasured or newly built. For a recapitulation of the " o l d " and " n e w " components of the fleet tonnage
(not the same vessels) for each year, 1865-1868, see Commerce and
Navigation, 1870, p. 798.
No table has been located comparing the tonnage of a substantial
number of vessels under " n e w " and " o l d " admeasurement; hence,
neither the magnitude nor the direction of the change can be stated
here. Apparently it varied for different types of vessels. "Brigs,
schooners, and sloops measure less under the 'new' admeasurement
. . . while ships, barks, steamboats, and vessels having closed-in
spaces above their hulls have their tonnage largely increased."
Further, the difference between " o l d " and " n e w " was not believed
to affect a comparison of New England shipbuilding for the years
1855 and 1868. (See Treasury Annual Report, 1868, p. 496.)
Another type of change in maritime law affecting the statistics is
illustrated by the act of April 18, 1874 (18 Stat. 31), which exempted
the greater amount of canalboat and other unrigged tonnage from
documentation. (See U.S. Code, title 46, sec. 336.) For 1874-1876,
Q 414-505
the "balance sheets of tonnage," published annually in the source
volumes, record the removal of 879,000 tons of vessels for this reason
alone. However, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, lists 843,000
tons exempted in 1876, whereas the 1876 balance sheet of tonnage
specified 601,000 tons exempted. The reason for this discrepancy is
not clear. The tonnage exempted annually, 1874-1936, is shown on
pp. 54-55 of Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936.
At irregular intervals, steps were taken to remove from the tonnage
accounts those vessels lost, abandoned, captured, sold to aliens, etc.,
which had not been officially reported for removal purposes. From
the outset, the failure to remove such vessels annually resulted in a
cumulative error which inflated the statistics of tonnage. When
general clearances of this cumulative error were made, the effect was
concentrated in a single year or a small group of years.
For a basic statement on this subject, see American State Papers>
cited above, vol. 1, p. 494, where Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the
Treasury, outlines the problem and discusses the first attempt (1800)
to deal with it. Recurrently, in the annual tonnage reports found
in the source volumes, the problem is discussed, the announcement
is made that the rolls have been finally cleared, and assurance is given
that the problem has been solved for the future. However, as late
as 1867, in spite of repeated clearances in earlier years, the "First
Annual Report of the Director of the Bureau of Statistics" stated,
" T h e tonnage returns were swelled with thousands of ghostly ships—•
ships that had gone to the bottom years ago." (See Annual Report
of the Secretary of Treasury, 1867, p. 244.)
In 1869, the Register of the Treasury attributed the entire decline
of tonnage reported for 1869 to this factor. (See Treasury Report,
1869, p. 300.) In the same year, Francis A. Walker, Deputy Special
Commissioner of Revenue in Charge of the Bureau of Statistics, stated
that the process of assigning a number to each vessel and the institution of an annual list of vessels, as required b y the Act of July 28,
1866, "has succeeded in clearing from the lists of vessels . . . a vast
amount of purely fictitious tonnage, which have been carried forward
from year to year although thousands of vessels which this tonnage
originally represented had been meanwhile lost at sea, broken up, or
sold abroad." (See Treasury Report, 1869, p. 342.)
In the "balance sheets of tonnage" published annually in the
source volumes, clearances of cumulative error are generally identified
as " n o t heretofore credited" to distinguish them from listings of
removals of the various types routinely reported as having occurred
during the given year.
Some of the more important clearances of this cumulative error,
and the tons of shipping thereby removed, were: 1800-1901,197,000;
1811, amount not stated but the effect is evident in series Q 418;
1818, 182,000; 1829-1830, 604,000; 1837, 96,000; 1841-1842, 267,000;
and 1855-1858, 945,000.
In later years, the terms "obsolete," "obsolete, not heretofore
reported," and "correction of balance" found in annual balance
sheets of tonnage, frequently reflect removal of cumulative errors.
Examples are (in tons): 1864,188,000; 1866,1,063,000; 1867, 260,000;
1868, 128,000; 1869, 338,000; 1870, 58,000; 1871, 103,000; 1881,
157,000.
Other factors which require that early merchant-vessel statistics
should be used with some caution are the following: (1) In some
instances, systematic differences in identically described statistical
series appear in the source volumes (see text for series Q 433-437)
which reflect conflicting series of figures, possibly originating from
different primary sources of data (see table II below); (2) transcription and typographical errors have crept into historical tables in
the source volumes in the process of repeated recopying and retypesetting; (3) statistically significant footnotes which appeared in early
reports frequently were dropped in later years; and (4) caution is
suggested in referring back to the earlier volumes in the search for
explanations of discrepancies or major changes, since the earlier data
may reflect the same or similar errors.
743
Q 3 8 8 - 4 1 2
TRANSPORTATION
In this volume (see table I I below), a number of the copying and
typesetting errors have been corrected where the exact nature of the
discrepancy could be determined beyond reasonable doubt; several
broad differences in figures have been pointed out; and a few detailed
tabular notes have been added based on information in various annual
issues selected largely at random.
Table II.
Merchant Marine Tonnage—Changes in Figures From
Those Shown in Source
[Source is Merchant Marine Statistics, 1986]
Series No.
Year
In source
volume
Q
Q
417.
418-
1868
1886
1868
1817
1815
Q
419.
1928
1913
1851
14,343,679
5,335,541
582,607
14,346,679
5,333,247
583,607
Q
425.
1868
1863
1824
1817
2,475,067
4,357,537
1,367,453
1,330,986
2,508,516
4,579,537
1,367,553
1,390,986
Q 426-.
1921
1913
1928
1858
1818
1,232,728
1,043,347
14,064,199
2,301,408
589,944
1,242,728
1,045,641
14,064,119
2,301,148
589,954
1927
1856
1833
9,432,869
2,447,663
101,666
9,532,869
2,247,663
101,636
Q 432_.
1879
1878
1841
1831
79,855
86,447
77,783
170,189
79,885
86,547
77,873
107,189
Q 435.
Q 436_.
Q 437.
1893
1894
1901
1895
134,308
37,824
83,743
6,978
134,368
37,827
83,783
6,948
Q 459-.
1895
1894
1885
87,127
90,099
12,010
67,127
80,099
121,010
Q
1917
1881
1881
52,536
54,888
59,801
52,526
54,488
59,861
1914
1910
1892
1936
1868
64,523
184,239
60,710
12,511,777
3,141,540
64,550
174,239
60,770
12,511,523
3,174,935
Q 482..
1876
1873
1868
1,447,844
1,051,991
1,012,749
1,147,844
1,055,019
1,046,198
Q 483_.
1873
1868
1932
1887
1868
2,242,890
1,962,279
1,856,563
683,721
481,271
2,242,862
1,962,225
1,856,553
783,721
481,218
Q 427-.
Q 429Q
430-.
Q 431..
460..
Q 461..
Q 463..
Q
481.
Q
485-
Q
4861
3
5
'28,118
4,131,116
4,318,309
4 1,339,912
1,368,182
In this
volume
2
128,167
3 4,131,136
4,351,758
5 1,399,912
1,368,128
Number of vessels. 2 As shown in table 10, p. 16, of source.
As shown in table 16, p. 30, of source. 4 As shown in table 10, p. 14, of source.
As shown in table 16, p. 28, of source.
Q 414-416. Employment on U.S. flag merchant vessels—basic wage
scale for able-bodied seamen, 1929-1970.
Source: U.S. Maritime Administration, Seafaring Wage Rates, and
unpublished data.
Seamen on both coasts receive extra pay for Saturdays and Sundays
at sea. Beginning November 1955, West Coast incorporated this
extra pay into base wages but East Coast did not. Monthly wage
rate represents basic wage, over and above subsistence (board and
room), paid to seamen having qualifying experience and employed
on U.S. flag merchant vessels.
See also general note for series Q 414-505.
Q 417-432. Documented merchant vessels, by major classes, material
of which built, and trade, 1789-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936 and 1965 (annual report now published
744
by the U.S. Coast Guard), and U.S. Bureau of Customs, unpublished
data. (Series Q 427-428, 1884, U.S. Department of the Treasury,
Annual Report of Commission of Navigation, 188It, p. 161.)
See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
For 1789-1793, tonnage figures are the " d u t y tonnage," i.e., the
tonnage of vessels on which duties were collected during the year.
(See American State Papers, cited above in general note for series
Q 414-505, vol. 1, p. 895.) The " d u t y tonnage" appears to have
been the tonnage on which duties were collected on registered vessels,
including "the repeated voyages of the same vessel," plus tonnage of
the enrolled and licensed vessels which paid tonnage duties once each
year. (See American State Papers, vol. 1, pp. 494, 498, 528.) Beginning in 1794, "district tonnage returns" were used, derived from
reports of District Collectors of Customs, which gave the tonnage
of vessels in each district based on registers, enrollments, and licenses
outstanding, as of December 31.
For 1794-1801, figures are district tonnage returns, with no attempt
to correct for the cumulative error caused b y failure to remove vessels
lost, abandoned, sold to aliens, etc. (See American State Papers,
vol. 1, pp. 494, 499.) The figures for 1800-1801 ignore the first
clearing of tonnage accounts which took place during these years.
(See American State Papers, vol. 1, pp. 494-499, 527-531.) The
correction for the cumulative error for registered vessels only would
reduce the 1800 total to 819,571 tons and the 1801 total to 903,235
tons. The sharp drop attributable to the clearing of tonnage accounts would thereby be shifted back to 1800 instead of appearing
in 1802.
For 1802-1818, the figures in series Q 418 consist of the "corrected
registered" tonnage plus the uncorrected enrolled or licensed tonnage
(see 1813 tonnage report in American State Papers, vol. 1, p. 1017).
The figures for 1811 and 1818 reflect two additional attempts to
clear out the cumulative error of registered vessels improperly retained on the registers. (See American State Papers, vol. 1, pp.
876, 958, and vol. 2, p. 406.)
The figures shown below in table I I I are those which were derived
by a method authorized by Secretary of the Treasury Gallatin. They
were reported to Congress in the annual tonnage reports in American
State Papers as being the "actual" or "more nearly correct" tonnage.
Table I I I . "Actual Tonnage" of Documented Vessels: 1800 to 1818
[In thousands of gross tons]
Year
Tons
Year
Tons
1818
1817
1816
1,150
1,341
1,264
1808
1807.
1806
1,173
1,208
1,166
1815
1814
1813
1812
1811
1,262
1,029
1,032
1,127
1,131
1805
1804
1803
1802
1801
1,085
983
917
865
850
1810
1809
1,329
1,266
1800
768
These were obtained b y taking the "corrected registered tonnage"
and adding to it the " d u t y tonnage" for enrolled and licensed vessels.
Since duties were paid only once each year on enrolled and licensed
vessels, and owners were not likely to pay duties on nonexistent
vessels, it was reasoned that the lower "duty tonnage" figure more
accurately reflected the true total for the enrolled or licensed craft
than did the district returns of tonnage based on outstanding marine
documents. This correction for enrolled and licensed craft was
dropped after 1818, probably because, beginning 1819, the " d u t y
tonnage" for this group exceeded the district tonnage returns for
the group.
In American State Papers, vol. 1, p. 499, the tonnage described
as "actual tonnage" in the comparative table for 1794-1799 is, in
fact, the district returns of tonnage without correction of any kind.
Elsewhere in the tonnage report for 1800 (pp. 494-499), and in tonnage
WATER TRANSPORTATION
reports for later years, the term "actual tonnage" normally means the
district returns based on outstanding marine documents (registers,
enrollments, and licenses) corrected for cumulative error. In table
III, the term "actual tonnage" is used in the latter sense; the figures
are from annual tonnage reports, 1800-1818, in American State Papers,
vols. 1 and 2.
Q 427-428, vessels, by material of which built. The source publication also classifies tonnage of each material by type of propulsion
(steam, motor, sail, canalboat, and barge).
Q 429-432, vessels, by trade in which engaged. The source publication also presents the number of vessels engaged in each type of
trade as well as tonnage. The statutes do not recognize for documenting purposes any fisheries except the cod, mackerel, and whale.
Vessels engaged in catching any other fish, such as salmon or menhaden, are documented for the mackerel fishery.
Figures in early reports identified as "registered," or as "registered
in foreign trade," commonly include the registered vessels engaged
in the whale fishery. Accordingly, figures on "whale fishery" found
in early reports should be examined carefully to determine whether
they represent the entire whaling fleet or only the "enrolled or
licensed" portion. The term "fisheries" as used in early volumes
refers to cod and, later, to cod and mackerel fisheries. It rarely
includes the whale fishery.
In terms of documentation as "registered," "enrolled," "licensed,"
series Q 429-432 are composed broadly as follows:
Series Q 429 (foreign trade) represents the total "registered"
minus "registered whale fishery." The "registered" whaling tonnage
is, however, included for 1794-1798.
Series Q 430 (coastwise and internal) represents the portion of the
enrolled or licensed group engaged in this trade. The rest of the
enrolled or licensed group is in series Q 432 (cod and mackerel
fisheries).
Series Q 431 (whale fishery) is the "registered whale fishery"
portion of the registered fleet plus the "whale fishery" portion of
the enrolled or licensed fleet. For 1794-1798, however, the registered
whaling tonnage is not included here, but in series Q 429.
Series Q 432 (cod and mackerel fishery) is the cod and mackerel
fishery portion of the enrolled or licensed fleet. The rest of the enrolled or licensed group is in series Q 430 (coastwise and internal).
Q 433-437.
1964.
Merchant vessels built and documented, by type, 1797-
Source: See source for series Q 417-432.
The source publication also presents statistics separately for steam,
motor, and sailing vessels, canalboats, and barges. Statistics for
motor vessels begin in 1893.
Beginning 1938, figures are not comparable with those for earlier
years and are probably understated. They represent those vessels
built during the 12-month period which were still existent and documented as part of the merchant fleet at the end of the period. Hence,
they exclude vessels completed during the period which were lost,
sold to U.S. Government, sold to aliens, or otherwise removed from
merchant vessel documentation before the end of the period.
See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
Q 438-448. Merchant vessels completed by U.S. shipyards, 1914-1970.
Source: 1914-1960, American Bureau of Shipping, New York,
The Bulletin, annual issues. 1961-1970, U.S. Maritime Administration, New Ship Construction, annual issues.
See general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
Q 449-458.
Shipbuilding in private shipyards—summary, 1949-1970.
Source: Shipbuilders Council of
Annual Report, various issues.
America,
Washington,
D.C.,
Q 414-505
Q 459-463. Gross tonnage of merchant vessels built and documented,
by region, 1840-1936.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, pp. 46-48, and table 2.
See general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
Q 464-466. Gross tonnage of merchant vessels built and documented,
by region, 1817-1850.
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, fold-in table on the
history of shipbuilding (1817-1868) at back of the Annual Report of
the Secretary of the Treasury, 1868.
Source also presents figures separately for "The United States,"
"The Lakes," and "Western Rivers." For a discussion of these data
see the Annual Report. The source table, with a more detailed discussion appears as Plate X X I I in H.R., Ex. Doc. No. I l l , 41st Congress, 2d session, where the period covered is extended to 1869, and
as Plate X (extended to 1870) in H.R. Ex. Doc. No. 76, 41st Congress,
3d session. These three series do not add to series Q 434.
See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
Q 467-472. Vessels repaired or converted in private shipbuilding
and ship repair yards, 1943-1970.
Source: See source for series Q 449-458.
Q 473-480. Merchant vessels launched and
United States, 1895-1970.
owned—world
and
Source: Lloyd's Register of Shipping, London, England, Statistical
Tables, annual issues; and Annual Summary of Merchant Ships
Launched in the World, various issues, (copyright.)
Q 481-486. Documented merchant vessels, by geographic region,
1816-1965.
Source: See source for series Q 417-432.
See general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
Q 486a. Documented merchant vessels, western rivers (Haites),
1811-1868.
Source E. F. Haites, J. Mak, and G. M. Walton, Western River
Transportation During the Era of Early Internal Improvements, 18101860, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975, Appendix B (copyright).
This series was calculated by the authors from W. M. Lytle, Merchant Steam Vessels of the United States 1807-1868, Mystic, Conn.,
The Steamship Historical Society of America, 1952, and Supplements
2 (1954) and 3 (1958), edited by F. R. Holdcamper.
The Lytle List is an alphabetical listing of steamboats based on
the original records for documented merchant vessels constructed
in the United States between 1807 and 1868. The entry for each
steamboat includes its gross measured tonnage (by the pre-1865 calculation), year of construction, port of construction, and year of
termination of service. Steamboats operating on the western rivers
during this era were of a special design. Steamboats not built on
the western rivers were not well suited to operate there; steamboats built to operate there generally did not leave the river system.
The western river steamboats were, therefore, isolated on the basis of
their port of construction. The number and tonnage of the western
river steamboats starting and terminating service each year was then
calculated and these series were combined to give the tonnage in operation at the end of the calendar year.
Series Q 486a differs from series Q 486 primarily in the treatment of the steamboats that ceased operation. Figures for series
Q 486a exclude steamboats in the year during which they ceased to
operate. Figures for series Q 486 exclude such steamboats only at
irregular intervals.
See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
745
Q 487-529
Q 487-502.
TRANSPORTATION
U.S. flag merchant vessels, steam and motor, 1934-1970.
Source: U.S. Maritime Administration, Employment Report of
United States Flag Merchant Fleet Oceangoing Vessels 1,000 Gross
Tons and Over, annual issues.
Q 509.
Total vessels entered at seaports, 1840-1970.
Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States. 1840,1946 edition,
p. 546; 1844-1855, 1878 edition, p. 134; 1856-1879, 1880 edition,
p. 138. 1880-1970, see source for series Q 506-508.
See general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
Q 510-511.
Q 503-505.
1970.
Documented merchant vessels, by type of service, 1934-
U.S. and foreign vessels entered at seaports, 1856-1970.
Source: 1856-1879, see source for series Q 509; 1880-1970, see
source for series Q 506-508.
Source: See source for series Q 417-432.
Series Q 505 includes cable, cod, dredging, elevator, ferry, fireboat,
fishing, ice breaker, lightering, oil exploitation, oystering, passenger,
pile driving, pilot boat, police boat, patrol boat, refrigerator, towing,
waterboat, whaling, welding, wrecking, and miscellaneous. The
source presents details for each of these in recent years.
See also general notes for series Q 413-564 and Q 414-505.
Q 506-517.
General note.
Net tonnage capacity, as used here, refers to net or registered
tonnage of the vessel, not weight of cargo. The net tonnage is what
remains after deducting from the gross tonnage (defined in general
note for series Q 414-505) the spaces occupied b y the propelling
machinery, fuel, crew quarters, master's cabin, and navigation spaces.
It represents, substantially, space available for cargo and passengers.
It is the usual basis for tonnage taxes and port charges. The net
tonnage capacity of a ship recorded as "entered with cargo" may bear
little relation to actual weight of cargo. Gross tonnage and net
tonnage are both measures of cubic capacity, not of weight, 100
cubic feet equaling 1 ton. These terms should not be confused with
the cargo ton of 2,000 pounds. Tonnage figures shown in series
Q 507 and Q 513 for U.S. vessels entered and cleared, respectively,
in foreign trade are greater than the total tonnage of U.S. vessels
documented for the foreign trade because the "entered" and "cleared"
series include tonnage for each vessel as often as it "enters" or "clears"
each year. The documented tonnage, series Q 418, includes the
tonnage of each vessel once for each year.
These figures include the tonnage of all types of watercraft engaged
in the foreign trade, whether entering or clearing with cargo or in
ballast, which are required to make formal entrance and clearance
under U.S. customs regulations. Vessels engaged in trade on the
Great Lakes with Canada as well as in trade with Mexico are also
included. Vessels touching at a U.S. port in distress or for other
temporary causes without discharging cargo, and Army and Navy
vessels carrying no commercial cargo, are not required b y customs
regulations to enter or clear and thus are not included in the figures.
Vessels are reported as entered at the first port in the United States
at which entry is made, regardless of whether any cargo is unladen
at that port; arrivals at subsequent ports are not counted. Vessels
are reported as cleared from the last port in the United States where
loading of outward cargo is completed or where the vessel cleared in
ballast; departures from prior ports are not counted.
Q 506-508.
Vessels entered, all ports, 1789-1970.
Source: 1789-1820, Fred J. Guetter and Albert E. McKinley,
Statistical Tables Relating to the Economic Growth of the United States,
McKinley Publishing Co., Philadelphia, 1924, p. 39 (copyright).
1821-1879, U.S. Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1936, p. 93. 1880-1940, Statistical Abstract of
the United States, 1880-1888, 1908 edition, p. 286; 1889-1916, 1916
edition, p. 338; 1917-1930, 1931 edition, p. 474; 1931-1940, 191,7
edition, p. 558. (See general note for series Q 413-564 for the various
agencies which have issued the Statistical Abstract.)
1941-1946, U.S.
Bureau of the Census, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United
States, various issues; 1947-1970, same agency, Vessel Entrances and
Clearances, Summary Report F T 975, various issues, and unpublished
data.
746
Q 512-514.
Vessels cleared, all ports, 1821-1970.
Source: See sources cited for specific periods for series Q 506-508.
The following page numbers apply, respectively, to the sources cited
for 1821-1940: 93, 287, 475, 558, and 592.
Q 515.
Total vessels cleared at seaports, 1840-1970.
Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States. 1840 and 1850,
1946 edition, p. 546; 1853-1879, 1881 edition, p. 138. 1880-1970,
see source for series Q 506-508.
Q 516-517.
U.S. and foreign vessels cleared at seaports, 1857-1970.
Source: 1857-1879, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1881,
p. 136; 1880-1970, see source for series Q 506-508.
Q 518-523. Value of waterborne imports and exports (including reexports) of merchandise, 1790-1970.
Source: 1790-1820, see source for series Q 506-508; 1821-1858,
U.S. Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Merchant Marine
Statistics, 1936, p. 91; 1859-1935, Statistical Abstract of the United
States, 1859-1866,1895 edition, pp. 399-400; 1867-1912,1913 edition,
pp. 318-319; 1913-1923,1924 edition, p. 417; 1924-1935,1946 edition,
p. 552. (See general note for series Q 413-564 for the various agencies
which have issued the Statistical Abstract.)
U.S. Bureau of the
Census, 1943-1946, Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United
States, annual issues, 1947-1950, Waterborne Trade by United States
Port, F T 972, annual issues, 1951-1970, Waterborne Foreign Trade
Statistics, F T 985, annual issues (title changed to U.S. Waterborne
Foreign Trade in July 1965).
The primary source of figures for 1790-1820 is J. R . Soley, " T h e
Maritime Industries of America," The United States of America
(N. S. Shaler, Editor), vol. II, 1894, pp. 522-527, 534, 536, 538. The
report gives the percent of imports and exports in U.S. vessels.
Guetter and McKinley (cited above for series Q 506-508) have
derived absolute figures b y applying these percentages to total imports and exports of merchandise and specie. The primary source
of figures for 1821-1935 is Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the
United States, annual issues. Starting with 1943, import or export
statistics by method of transportation, showing shipping weight as
well as dollar value, have been compiled b y the Bureau of the Census.
See also general note for series U 187-352.
Q 524-529. Tonnage of waterborne imports and exports, by flag of
carrier vessel, 1921-1970.
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1921-1945, Foreign Commerce
and Navigation of the United States, annual issues; 1946-1957, releases
and unpublished data; 1958-1970, Statistical Abstract of the United
States, various issues.
Excludes cargoes (small in the aggregate) carried by ships of less
than 100 tons gross capacity prior to 1946. Beginning 1946, excludes
Army and N a v y cargo, and includes Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto
Rico. Beginning July 1950, excludes commodities classified for
security reasons as "special category." From July 1953 to December
1955 and July 1956 through December 1962, exports exclude shipments under $500 in value regardless of shipping weight; for January-
Q 414-505
WATER TRANSPORTATION
June 1956, exports exclude shipments under $1,000. For 1963 and
later years, exports exclude shipments to Canada individually valued
under $2,000 and to other countries under $500. Under $100 shipments are excluded for all years. Beginning 1954, imports exclude
shipments under 2,000 pounds shipping weight regardless of value,
as well as shipments valued at less than $100 regardless of shipping
weight. For January 1960 through June 1965, imports exclude
formal entry shipments valued at less than $100 and informal entry
shipments valued under $251. For July-December 1965 and later
years, imports exclude all shipments under $251.
Q 548-552.
Q 530-541.
1970.
Q 553-555.
1970.
Waterborne cargo tonnage, foreign and domestic, 1924-
Source: U.S. Corps of Engineers, 1924-1946, Annual Report of the
Chief of Engineers, part 2; 1947-1970, Waterborne Commerce of the
United States, 1971, part 5, National Summaries, pp. 5 and 6.
In 1954, part 2 of the Annual Report was superseded b y a separate
publication entitled Waterborne Commerce of the United States (published in several regional parts). Part 5 of this report, National
Summaries, presents separate figures for series Q 534-535 for
"Canadian" and "overseas."
Cargo tonnage refers to the weight of cargo and should not be
confused with gross tonnage shown in series Q 417-505 or the net or
registered tonnage capacity shown in series Q 506-517, which are
measures of cubic capacity, not of weight. See also text for those
series.
Domestic commerce includes all commercial movements between
points in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Traffic with the Canal Zone is treated as foreign commerce.
Foreign commerce includes all movements between the United
States and foreign countries, and between Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands (considered a single unit) and foreign countries. Trade
between U.S. outlying areas (Guam, Wake, American Samoa, etc.)
and foreign countries is excluded.
"Coastwise" commerce, series Q 537, refers to domestic traffic
receiving a carriage over the ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico; and to
traffic between Great Lakes ports and seacoast ports, when having a
carriage over the ocean.
"Lakewise" commerce, series Q 538, refers to traffic between U.S.
ports on the Great Lakes System.
"Local and intraport" commerce, series Q 539, refers to movements
of freight within the confines of a port whether the port has only one
or several arms or channels, except car-ferry and general ferry. The
term is also applied to marine products, sand, and gravel taken directly
from the Great Lakes.
"Internal" commerce, series Q 540, covers traffic between ports
or landings where the entire movement takes place on inland waterways; movements involving carriage on both inland waterways and
waters of the Great Lakes; inland movements that cross short stretches
of open waters which link inland systems; marine products, sand, and
gravel taken directly from beds of the oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and
important arms thereof; and movements between offshore installations and inland waterways.
"Intraterritory" commerce, series Q 541, refers to traffic between
ports in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, which are considered
as a single unit.
Q 542-547. Waterborne bulk freight traffic on the Great Lakes,
1900-1970.
Source: Lake Carriers' Association, Annual
51-52 and 76-77 (copyright).
Report,
1970,
pp.
Includes tonnage moving to or from Canadian or U.S. lake ports, in
Canadian or U.S. bulk carriers.
Freight traffic on the Sault Ste. Marie canals, 1855-1900.
Source: U.S. Corps of Engineers, Statistical Report of Lake Corrir
merce Passing Through Canals at Sault Ste. Marie, 1931.
These series include traffic moving through the American and
Canadian canals. Figures for later years may be obtained from
various issues of Corps of Engineers, Annual Report, part 2, Commercial Statistics. They are not shown here because they pertain
only to traffic between Lake Superior and the other lakes; series Q
542-547, therefore, provide more comprehensive totals of Great
Lakes traffic.
Commercial ocean traffic on the Panama Canal, 1915-
Source: 1915-1924, Governor of the Panama Canal, Annual Report,
19i8, p. 10; 1925-1970, Panama Canal Company, Annual Report,
various issues (copyright).
Does not include U.S. Government traffic.
Q 556-557.
Tonnage moved on New York State canals, 1837-1970.
Source: State of New York, Department of Public Works, Annual
Report of the Superintendent, annual issues, and unpublished data.
Q 558.
Federal expenditures for rivers and harbors, 1822-1970.
Source: 1822-1882, Statement of Appropriations and Expenditures
for Public Buildings, Rivers and Harbors, Forts, Arsenals, Armories,
and Other Public Works from March J,, 1789 to June SO, 1882, U.S.
Senate Ex. Doc., vol. 7, No. 196,47th Congress, 1st session (Treasury
Department Doc. No. 373), pp. 521-522; 1883-1919, Federal Works
Agency, records (compiled from Treasury Department accounts);
1920-1970, U.S. Corps of Engineers, Annual Report of the Chief of
Engineers on Civil Works Activities, vol. I, annual issues.
Figures include expenditures for rivers, harbors, and flood control
prior to 1928. In 1928, expenditures for flood control amounted to
less than $13,500,000. Figures for 1929-1970 exclude expenditures
for flood control. The figures include amounts expended from emergency relief and Public Works Administration funds, 1933-1937,
but exclude $5,500,000 for purchase of Cape Cod Canal, 1928, expended by and accounted for by the Treasury Department.
Q 559-564. Investment in canals, by region and agency of enterprise,
1815-1860.
Source: H. Jerome Cranmer, "Canal Investment, 1815-1860,"
Studies in Income and Wealth, vol. 24, National Bureau of Economic
Research, New York, 1960, pp. 555 and 556. (Copyright, Princeton
University Press.)
The development of data on annual canal investment was based
on an averaging process applied to the experience of a sample of 24
canals for which annual expenditure figures were available. For a
list of those canals and description of the estimating operations,
see source.
Adjusted estimates of annual expenditures were made for every
canal or canal system undertaken between 1815 and 1860. Expenditures for river and harbor improvements were not included, nor for
slack water navigation except when the expenditures were part of a
canal project. The estimates were then aggregated by region and b y
agency of enterprise within each region. The regional estimates were
then aggregated to provide estimates of annual investment in canals
for the entire United States, together with estimates for State and
private enterprise.
The Northeast consists of the New England and Middle Atlantic
States, including Maryland and the District of Columbia. The
South encompasses the area south of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers;
and the West, the region north of the Ohio River, except that the
Louisville and Portland canal which, though actually located in
Kentucky, south of the Ohio River, is included in the West region.
747
Q 413-432
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 413.
Persons Entering the United States by Ship: 1933 to 1970
[In thousands. For years ending June 30.
Persons
entering
Year
Covers persons disembarking, as reported on U.S. Customs Service forms, and differs from series C 315]
Persons
entering
Year
413
413
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
723
728
715
719
767
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
782
i 847
743
677
805
1960
1959*
1958 _
1957-_ _ _
1956
_
1955... _ ._
1954.__
1953 _ _ _ _ _
1952
1951
_
_
_._
Persons
entering
Year
413
413
773
762
781
848
842
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
762
676
641
548
1,660
1940
1939
1938 _
1937
1936
843
845
865
900
723
1945 _ __. _
1944
1943
_
1942_ _
_ _ __
1941
1,286
676
389
305
443
1935
1934
1933.. _ .
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Series Q 414-416.
Persons
entering
Year
1
733
1,019
1,072
1,011
898
812
754
795
Includes Puerto Rico.
Employment on U.S. Flag Merchant Vessels—Basic Wage Scale for Abie-Bodied Seamen:
1929 to 1970
[Except as indicated, employment data as of June 30 and wage rate data as of June 16]
Date
Employment 1
Employment 1
(1,000)
(1,000)
Date
East coast monthly
wage rate 4
Date
West coast monthly
wage rate 4
Date
415
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
37.6
47.5
54.2
54.6
51.9
1965
1964.
1963
1962
1961
2 39.1
48.0
48.0
47.3
2 30.9
1960.
1959
1958
1957
1956
49.2
50.2
51.5
1955
1954.
1953
1952
1951
1950.
67.2
82.1
1949
1948
1947—Dec. 20
1946—June 20
1970—Jan
1969—Jan
1968
1967
1966
110.8
120.1
158.9
125.3
75.0
47.4
51.3
1945—June 20
1944—June 20
1943—June 20
1942_
1941
61.1
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
49.8
52.0
49.8
59.2
57.2
57.5
55.8
69.1
70.7
69.5
56.6
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
1930
1929
56.2
" 56.3
3 54.6
'52.6
3 57.2
3 62.4
3 63.8
57.2
1 Estimates of personnel employed on U.S. merchant ships, 1,000 gross tons and over.
Excludes vessels on inland waterways, Great Lakes, and those owned by, or operated for,
the U.S. Army and Navy, and special types such as cable ships, tugs, etc.
Series Q 417-432.
$470
444
444
423
393
1970—Jan
1969—Jan
1968
1967
1966
$652
600
600
578
558
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
393
393
393
384
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961—Oct
539
522
522
522
522
1960—Jan
1959
1958
1957
1956-
369
353
353
353
333
1960—Oct
1959
1958—Oct___
1957—Oct
1956—Oct
512
478
478
478
453
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950—Oct. 15.
314
314
314
302
257
248
1955—Nov__.
1954—Oct
1953
1952
1951.._
1950—Oct. 15.
432
302
314
302
249
249
2 Decrease due to seafaring strike.
3 Average monthly employment.
4 Seamen on both coasts receive extra pay for Saturdays and Sundays at sea.
Beginning 1955, West Coast incorporated this extra pay into base wages but East Coast
did not.
Documented Merchant Vessels, by Major Classes, Material of Which Built, and Trade:
1789 to 1970
[Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 tons or more.
As of December 31, 1789-1834; September 30, 1835-1842; June 30, 1843-1940; January 1 thereafter]
Gross tonnage (1,000)
Major classes
Year
Number
of
vessels
Total
Steam
Steam
and
motor,
total
418
419
420
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
49,993
49,991
49,545
48,700
47,223
28,613
28.455
27,932
27,251
26,522
19,074
19,433
19,396
(NA)
(NA)
16,447
16,868
16,871
(NA)
(NA)
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
45,579
44,669
44,077
43,566
43,367
26,516
26,160
25,691
25.456
26,403
19,730
20,018
20,079
20,076
21 175
17,560
17,896
17,987
17,990
19,125
See footnotes at end of table.
748
421
422
423
16,063
16,232
16,226
16,088
17,076
2,170
2,122
2,092
2,085
2,050
Canalboats
and
barges
Metal 4
Wood
Foreign
Coastwise
and
internal
425
426
427
428
429
430
6
6
6
(NA)
(NA)
9,533
9,016
8,530
(NA)
(NA)
8
17
18
18
18
6,778
6,125
5,595
5,362
5,210
25,318
24,900
24,377
24,107
25,028
1,198
1,260
1,314
1,349
1,375
12,628
12,580
12,289
12,393
13,126
13,839
13,276
13,089
12,775
13,260
Diesel Sailing3
and
semiDiesel
engines 1
424
2,627
2,565
2,525
(NA)
(NA)
1,497
1,664
1,760
1,903
2,049
Trade in which engaged
Motor
Coal
Oil
Total i burning 1 burning 1 Total 2
417
Material of
which built
2,040
1,988
1,952
1,942
1,902
Whale Cod and
fish- mackerel
eries fisheries 6
432
431
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 417-432.
Q 417-432
Documented Merchant Vessels, by Major Classes, Material of Which Built, and Trade:
1789 to 1970—Con.
Gross tonnage (1,000)
Material of
which built
Major classes
Year
Number
of
vessels
417
Total
418
Steam
Steam
and
motor,
total
Total 1
419
420
Coal
burning
Trade in which engaged
Motor
Oil
burning
Total'
Diesel Sailing1
and
semiDiesel
engines:
424
425
Canalboats
and
barges
Metal 4
Wood
Foreign
Coastwise
and
internal
Whale
fisheries
426
427
428
429
430
431
Cod and
mackerel
fisheries 5
43
42
41
40
39
088
409
276
191
499
28
28
28
29
29
581
895
586
421
610
23
24
24
25
26
553
333
599
785
251
21,526
22,306
22,696
23,788
24,210
2,125
2,176
2,171
2,190
2,204
19,401
20,131
20,426
21,697
22,005
2,027
2,027
2,002
1,998
2,041
1,876
1,871
1,844
1,836
1,886
23
23
23
24
34
005
539
965
612
326
27,184
27,470
27,118
27,935
28,073
1,397
1,425
1,469
1,486
1,537
14,737
16,206
17,265
17,765
13,833
13,284
12,376
12,154
11,843
39
. . . 39
38
37
36
242
008
072
389
745
29
30
30
30
30
958
764
546
416
341
26
27
27
27
27
792
631
507
459
424
24,706
25,489
25,377
25,356
25,390
2,252
2.321
2,387
2,405
2,441
22,454
23,168
22,990
22,951
22,948
2,086
2,142
2,130
2,103
2,033
1,907
1,960
1,951
1,923
1,865
40
46
55
125
087
984
891
846
28,336
28,982
28,761
28,559
28,417
1,622
1,782
1,786
1,857
1,924
18,143
18,974
19,007
19,280
18,876
11,812
11,787
11,537
11,134
11,462
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
36
35
33
32
31
083
264
843
760
386
31
32
33
37
38
215
182
167
832
501
28
29
30
35
35
327
323
469
149
928
26,273
27,225
28,401
32,941
33,779
2,507
2,543
2,606
2,699
2,884
23,765
24,682
25,796
30,242
30,895
2,055
2,099
2,067
2,208
2,149
1,885
1,932
1,902
2,058
2,002
82
87
87
95
98
806
771
611
588
475
29,263
30,212
31,211
35.897
36,571
1,962
1,969
1,956
1,936
1.929
19,154
20,654
22,021
26,535
29,705
12.048
11,525
11,143
11,294
8,791
1945
1944...
1943
1942
1941
29
28
27
27
27
797
690
612
325
075
32
25
16
13
13
813
795
762
860
722
30
23
14
11
11
247
217
052
072
047
28,669
21,674
12,547
9,704
9,814
2,931
3,014
3,048
2,965
3,058
25,737
18,660
9,499
6,739
6,756
1,578
1,543
1,505
1,369
1,233
1,433
1,392
1,361
1,213
1,075
115
129
142
166
182
452
449
568
621
493
30.898
23,837
14,647
11,641
11,393
1,915
1,959
2,115
2,218
2,329
26,043
18,685
9,285
4,109
3,047
6,766
7,105
7,471
9,744
10,654
1940..
1939
1938
1937
1936
27
27
27
26
25
212
470
155
588
392
14
14
14
14
14
018
632
651
676
497
11
11
12
12
12
353
952
007
170
267
10,102
10,760
10,835
11,055
11,161
3,159
3,250
3,325
3.322
3,371
6,943
7,510
7,510
7,559
7,617
1,251
1,192
1,172
1,115
1,105
1,090
1,028
1,005
878
867
200
221
261
312
379
466
459
384
194
851
(NA)
12,169
12,130
12,233
12,263
(NA)
2,473
2,521
2,443
2,234
3,638
3,312
3,551
3,833
4,169
10,352
11,288
11,064
10,798
10,300
20
21
21
20
8
11
16
25
28
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931..
24
24
24
25
25
919
904
868
156
471
14
14
15
15
15
654
862
060
839
908
12
12
12
13
13
535
687
862
568
528
11,433
11,599
11,788
12,499
12,475
3,496
3,539
3,615
3,991
4,103
7,748
7,860
7,971
8,308
8,202
1,102
1,087
1,075
1,069
1,053
841
824
812
810
792
441
500
563
625
673
677
675
635
646
707
12,469
12,601
12,736
13,421
13,344
2,185
10.049
2,324
2,417
2,565
4,560
4.598
4,701
5,071
5,576
9
9
9
7
35
35
37
38
40
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
25
25
25
25
26
214
326
385
778
343
16
16
16
16
17
068
477
680
888
311
13
14
14
14
14
757
162
344
507
848
12,775
13,301
13,614
13,874
14,318
4,209
4,462
4,557
4,919
5,370
8,429
8,751
9,002
8,907
8,895
982
861
730
633
530
715
609
494
397
293
757
825
915
989
1,092
554
490
421
392
371
13,514
13,910
14,064
14,160
14,473
2,554
2,567
2,619
2,728
2,838
6,296
6,906
6,934
7,309
7,719
9,723
9,526
9,706
9,533
9,552
7
7
7
8
3
42
39
36
38
38
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
26
26
27
27
28
367
675
017
358
012
17
17
18
18
18
406
741
285
463
282
14
15
15
15
15
976
315
821
982
745
14,495
14,870
15,426
15,607
15,371
5,512
5,921
6,556
6,908
7,069
8,931
8,947
8,870
8,699
8,302
481
445
397
375
374
254
128
17
16
15
1,125
1,185
1,254
1,288
1,294
304
240
209
193
243
14,499
14,627
14,775
14,805
14,426
2,907
3,114
3,510
3,668
3,856
8,151
8,794
9,069
10,720
11,077
9,216
8,911
9,177
7,703
7,163
4
3
4
4
4
35
32
35
36
37
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
28
27
26
26
26
183
513
711
397
444
16
12
9
8
8
324
907
925
871
470
13
10
7
6
6
823
416
471
433
070
13,466
7,551
5,915
357
24
1,272
1,200
1,210
1,278
1,311
228
292
244
159
089
12,448
9,236
6,814
5,856
5,476
3,876
3,671
3,110
3,015
2,994
9,925
6,665
3.599
2,441
6,358
4
4
4
38
36
38
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
26
26
27
26
25
701
943
070
528
991
8
7
7
7
7
389
929
887
714
639
5
5
5
5
5
944
428
333
180
074
1,384
1,433
1,508
1,539
1,598
061
069
046
996
967
5,305
4,733
4,608
4,433
4,299
3,085
3,196
3,278
3,282
3,340
1,863
1,066
1,019
923
6,486
6,818
6,817
6,737
6,720
1910
1909
1908...
1907
1906
25
25
25
24
25
740
868
425
911
006
7
7
7
6
6
508
389
365
939
675
4
4
4
4
3
900
749
711
279
975
1,655
1,711
1,761
1,814
1,899
952
928
893
845
801
4,117
3,925
3,860
3,438
3,116
3,391
3,464
3,505
3,501
3,560
783
879
930
861
928
6,669
6,451
6,372
6,011
5,674
1905.
1904
1903..
1902
1901
24
24
24
24
24
681
558
425
273
057
6
6
6
5
5
457
292
087
798
524
3
3
3
3
2
741
595
408
177
921
1,962
1,945
1,966
1,942
1,933
753
751
713
679
670
2,850
2,669
2,440
2,180
1,901
3,607
3,623
3,647
3,618
3,623
944
889
879
873
880
1900
1899
1898
1897.
1896
23
22
22
22
22
333
728
705
633
908
5
4
4
4
4
165
864
750
769
704
2
2
2
2
2
658
476
372
359
307
1,885
1,825
1,836
1,904
1,928
622
563
542
506
468
1,593
1,376
1,224
1,207
1,090
3,572
3,489
3,526
3,562
3,614
1895
1894.
1893
1892
1891
23
23
24
24
23
240
586
512
383
899
4
4
4
4
4
636
684
825
765
685
2
2
2
2
2
213
189
183
074
016
1,965
2,023
2,118
2,178
2,172
458
472
524
512
497
970
930
896
786
742
4
4
4
4
4
424
307
192
106
131
1
1
1
1
1
869
766
648
543
523
2,109
2,099
2,124
2,170
2,210
456
443
419
393
398
627
654
494
475
444
1960
1959
1958
1967
1966
1955
1954
1953...
1952
1951
1890
23 467
1889...
23 623
1888
23 281
1887
23 063
1886
23 534
See footnotes at end of table.
2,261
16,600
2,186
10,220
10,313
10,728
10,286
6,201
6,282
6,393
6,245
3
3
3
2
2
14
9
2
6
3
4
5
6
7
7
9
10
9
9
9
32
34
42
45
46
9
9
47
50
54
57
61
5,442
5,335
6,141
4,859
4,583
11
10
10
60
58
58
57
52
817
837
726
793
830
4,287
3,965
3,960
3,897
3,790
10
11
11
52
51
52
67
69
3,666
3,754
3.930
3,979
3,943
900
883
978
989
3,729
3,696
3,855
3,701
3,610
16
16
69
72
71
69
69
3,798
3,753
3,698
3,631
3,687
928
,000
919
989
,088
3,409
3,211
3,172
3,011
2,939
19
68
74
76
80
81
10
10
11
9
10
13
15
17
17
17
22
24
26
23
749
Q
3 8 8 - 4 1 2
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 417-432. Documented Merchant Vessels, by Major Classes, Material of Which Built, and Trade:
1789 to 1970—Con.
Gross tonnage (1,000)
Number
of
vessels
Year
Major classes
Total
Sailing3
Canalboats
and barges
Metal 4
Wood
Foreign
Coastwise
and
internal
Whale
fisheries
Cod and
mackerel
fisheries
419
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
1885
1884
1883 . .
1882
1881
23,963
24,082
24,217
24,368
24,065
4,266
4,271
4,235
4,166
4,058
1,495
1,466
1,413
1,356
1,265
2,374
2,414
2,387
2,361
2,350
397
391
436
449
442
1880
1879 1878
1877 . . .
1876 .
24,712
25,211
25,264
25,386
25,934
4,068
4,170
4,213
4,243
4,279
1,212
1,176
1,168
1.171
1.172
2,366
2,423
2,521
2,580
2,609
32,285
32.486
32,672
31,114
29,651
4,854
4,801
4,696
4,438
4,283
1,169
1,186
1,156
1,112
1,088
28,998
27.487
28,167
4,247
4,145
4,352
4,304
4,311
1,075
1,104
1,199
1,192
1,084
1875
1874...
1873 .
1872
1871
.
. .
1870
1869
1868 .
1867
1866.
Trade in which engaged
Steam
and
motor
418
417
Material of which built
430
387
3,836
3,885
1,263
1,277
1,270
1,259
1,297
2,895
2,884
2,838
2,796
2,646
25
27
32
33
39
83
83
95
78
76
490
571
524
491
498
1,314
1,452
1,589
1,571
1,554
2,638
2.598
2,497
2,540
2.599
38
40
40
41
39
78
80
87
91
88
2,585
2,474
2,883
2,325
2,286
1,100
1,141
1,156
1,001
909
1,516
1,390
1,379
1,359
1,364
3,220
3,293
3,163
2,930
2,765
38
39
45
52
61
80
78
110
98
93
2,363
2,400
2,509
3,113
3,227
808
641
644
1,449
1,496
1,487
1,516
1,388
2,638
2,516
2,702
2,660
2,720
68
70
78
52
105
91
63
84
76
98
Gross tonnage (1,000)
Major classes
Gross tonnage (1,000)
Major classes
Trade in which engaged
Total
Steam
and
motor
Sailing
418
419
425
Total
Steam
and
motor
Sailing
Foreign
Coastwise
and
internal
Whale
fisheries
Cod and
mackerel
fisheries
418
419
425
429
430
431
432
5,097
4,986
5,155
5,112
5,540
1,067
978
576
710
877
4,030
4,008
4,580
4,402
4,663
1,518
1,487
1,927
2,174
2,497
3,382
3,245
2,961
2,617
2,705
84
95
99
118
146
113
159
168
204
193
1825
1824
1823
1822
1821
1,423
1,389
1,337
1,325
1,299
22
25
23
23
1,400
1,368
1,312
1,304
1,276
665
637
600
583
594
641
642
618
624
615
5,354
5,145
5,050
4,941
4,872
868
769
729
706
673
4,486
4,376
4,320
4,235
4,199
2,379
2,322
2,301
2,268
2,302
2,645
2,481
2,401
2,337
2,248
167
186
199
196
189
163
157
149
140
132
1820
1819
1818
1817
1816
1,280
1,261
1,225
1,400
1,372
22
17
13
9
6
1,258
1,243
1,213
1,391
1,366
584
581
590
805
801
588
571
549
525
522
5,212
4,803
4,407
4,138
3,772
770
677
605
643
584
4,442
4,126
3,802
3,495
3,189
2,348
2,152
1,910
1,706
1,545
2,543
2,322
2,134
2,056
1,900
187
182
193
194
182
134
147
169
183
146
1815
1814
1813
1812
1811
1,368
1,159
1,167
1,270
1,233
1,365
1,156
1,164
1,268
1,231
854
675
673
759
764
476
466
471
478
420
3,535
3,334
3,154
2,889
2,562
526
462
428
405
348
3,010
2,872
2,726
2,434
2,214
1,440
1,259
1,169
1,047
943
1,798
1,770
1,659
1,489
1,316
146
180
193
194
187
152
125
133
109
116
1810
1809
1808
1807
1806
1,425
1,350
1,243
1,269
1,209
1,424
1,350
1,242
1,268
1,209
981
907
765
840
799
405
405
421
349
341
2,417
2,280
2,159
2,092
2,131
326
272
237
230
175
2,091
2,008
1,922
1,863
1,956
904
900
857
824
788
1,223
1,110
1,076
1,046
1,107
191
169
153
152
157
98
101
73
71
78
1805
1804
1803
1802
1801
1,140
1,042
949
892
948
1,140
1,042
949
892
948
744
661
586
558
631
318
299
290
275
2,181
2,096
1,996
1,897
1,882
202
195
193
155
146
1,978
1,901
1,802
1,742
1,737
763
702
703
683
753
1,177
1,154
1,041
957
873
137
132
125
129
146
104
108
127
127
110
1800
1799
1798
1797
1796
972
939
898
877
832
972
939
898
877
832
667
657
603
598
577
272
247
251
237
218
1,825
1,759
1,606
1,439
1,268
123
123
102
91
69
1,702
1,636
1,504
1,349
1,198
788
749
649
614
538
797
784
744
650
540
98
108
102
73
83
142
117
111
102
107
1795
1794
1793
1792 7 . . . _
1791 » . . . .
748
629
521
564
502
748
629
521
564
502
529
439
368
411
363
184
163
122
121
106
1,192
1,261
1,741
1,621
1,534
64
54
39
40
34
1,127
1,207
1,702
1,580
1,500
538
593
758
702
696
517
509
843
789
722
40
57
55
46
42
98
102
86
84
74
1790 ' . _ . .
1789 7 ___.
478
202
478
202
346
124
104
69
NA Not available.
Z Less than 500 tons.
1 For 1920-1937, tonnage for vessels with electric screw included in total (series
Q 420 or Q 423) but excluded from series Q 421, Q 422, and Q 424. Maximum such
tonnage included in series Q 420 is 201,246 in 1933 and maximum in series Q 423 is
91,470 in 1934.
2 Includes gasoline engines, not shown separately.
750
Year
Trade in which engaged
(Z)
(Z)
Foreign
Coastwise
and
internal
Whale
fisheries
430
Includes canalboats and barges prior to 1868.
Includes iron, steel, composite, concrete, bronze, and aluminum.
Beginning 1937, excludes mackerel.
Increase due to documentation of 1 large vessel on Atlantic Coast.
Figures for 1789 are for ships paying tonnage duties during the last 5 months of
the year. Figures for 1790-1792 are for ships paying duties at some time during the
year.
3
4
5
6
7
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 433-437.
Merchant Vessels Built and Documented, by Type: 1797 to 1964
[Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 tons or more.
As of December 31, 1797-1834; September 30, 1836-1842; June 30, 1843-1940; January 1 thereafter.
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands]
All vessels
-
1
1
Gross tonnage
Gross
tons
Steam
and
motor
Sailing '
Canalboats and
barges
433
434
435
436
437
867
942
821
620
910
809
431
287
265
460
419
388
850
442
586
927
271
874
272
801
359
011
016
421
296
064
358
288
206
109
538
608
277
670
398
443
681
99
6
94
601
482
401
231
961
361
751
360
—
—
277
405
430
336
293
283
220
156
124
143
024
766
527
247
250
041
291
517
082
761
91
109
92
81
38
55
22
92
39
60
61
005
863
084
206
717
369
603
041
534
654
126
-
949
1,180
1,390
1,582
1,385
1,116
1,186
1,190
990
992
629
791
836
585
445
400
589
633
437
308
295
640
799
048
617
076
317
966
378
825
352
385
406
248
152
117
369
477
313
165
861
978
1,118
1,259
1,275
1,744
1,723
1,901
1,108
703
705
194
195
200
267
548
6,313
8,032
10,431
4,543
647
446
370
190
290
331
262
977
009
734
946
097
894
103
85
108
186
509
6,258
8,009
10,339
4,504
586
385
319
673
753
1,939
1,207
748
724
642
722
1,302
193
339
237
471
224
62
66
190
212
386
229
899
374
364
084
919
649
803
892
906
1,020
808
969
917
924
967
1,049
770
845
1,361
254
128
257
245
224
199
223
335
661
2,265
296
976
180
144
673
846
968
791
232
115
172
75
172
181
140
141
145
241
597
2,071
969
725
901
504
586
053
493
802
137
221
210
797
230
326
263
2,869
914
17,442
25,459
91,743
81
52
84
63
83
55
77
76
38
102
117
454
049
314
824
924
561
547
636
151
2,067
1,953
1,528
1,297
937
1,157
1,151
1,475
1,505
1,422
3,880
3,326
1,300
664
325
225
316
346
232
291
639
621
868
479
413
122
250
155
669
162
3,660
3,157
1,090
513
250
154
224
243
153
227
023
091
996
243
125
990
225
408
493
231
132,184
79,234
83,629
43,185
14,765
8,021
13,749
28,610
21,221
10,092
88
90
126
108
60
62
78
74
57
53
432
296
243
051
523
111
276
137
955
839
1,361
1,247
1,457
1,157
1,221
1,012
1,184
1,311
1,491
1,580
342
238
614
471
418
330
378
436
468
483
068
090
216
332
745
316
542
152
831
489
257
148
481
365
315
197
255
271
308
273
993
208
624
405
707
702
744
781
178
591
19,358
28,950
31,981
24,907
35,209
79,418
64,908
89,979
97,698
126,165
64
60
100
81
67
53
57
74
62
83
717
932
611
020
829
196
890
392
955
733
1,447
1,273
952
891
723
694
838
956
1,395
1,384
393
300
180
232
227
111
131
211
199
369
790
038
458
233
097
602
195
639
633
302
202
151
105
106
138
69
83
134
92
185
528
058
838
154
029
754
720
368
531
037
116,460
98,073
34,416
64,308
65,236
34,900
37,827
49,348
83,217
144,290
74
50
40
61
23
6
9
27
23
39
802
907
204
771
832
948
648
923
885
975
1,051
1,077
1,014
844
715
920
1,190
1,268
1,371
1,108
294
231
218
150
95
159
225
265
282
280
123
134
087
450
453
056
514
430
270
459
159
159
142
100
44
84
91
107
121
118
046
318
007
074
468
333
328
229
843
070
102,873
50,570
48,590
34,633
41,238
65,362
120,621
137,046
118,798
81,209
32
21
27
15
9
9
13
21
41
81
204
246
490
743
747
361
565
155
629
180
172 433
269 188
(NA)
113 661
59 020
30 341
26 916
168 488
164 620
212 996
Represents zero.
NA Not available.
Includes canalboats and barges prior to 1868.
Jan. 1-Dec. 31.
—
—
8
24
10
28
—
-
7
39
-
16
7
—
129
23
14
—
87
(NA)
17
22
71
79
50
33
46
18
52
20 779
70 689
(NA)
357 632
164 985
32 528
39 700
22 269
48 254
173 858
Year
Includes Alaska,
Gross tonnage
All vessels
Number
of
vessels
1,651
1,365
1,175
877
Q 414-505
Number
of
vessels
Gross
tons
Steam
and
motor
Sailing 1
Canalboats and
433
434
435
436
437
1880
1879
1878
1877
1876
1875_
1874
1873
1872
1871
902
1,132
1,258
1,029
1,112
1,301
2,147
2,261
1,643
1,755
157
193
235
176
203
297
432
359
209
273
410
031
504
592
586
639
725
246
052
227
78,854
86,361
81,860
47,514
69,251
62,460
101,930
88,011
62,210
87,842
59,057
66,867
106,066
106,331
118,672
206,884
216,316
144,629
76,291
97,179
1870
1869
1868
1867_
1866_
1865
1864
1863
1862_
1861.-
1,618
1,726
1,802
1,518
1,898
1,789
2,388
1,816
864
1,146
276
275
285
305
336
394
415
311
175
233
953
230
304
594
146
523
740
045
076
194
70,621
65,066
63,940
72,010
125,183
146,433
147,499
94,233
55,449
60,986
146,340
149,029
142,742
233,584
210,963
248,090
268,241
216,812
119,627
172,208
I860.
1859.
1858
1857
1856
1855
1854
1853
1852
1851
1,071
875
1,241
1,443
1,703
2,024
1,774
1,710
1,444
1,357
214
156
244
378
469
583
535
425
351
298
798
602
712
804
393
450
616
572
493
203
69,370
35,305
65,374
74,459
74,865
78,127
91,037
109,402
98,624
78,197
145,428
121,297
179,338
304,345
394,528
505,323
444,579
316,170
252,869
220,006
1850.
1849
1848
1847
1846
1845
1844__
1843 4
1842
1841
1,360
1,547
1,851
1,598
1,420
1,038
766
482
1,021
761
272
256
318
243
188
146
103
63
129
118
218
577
075
732
203
018
537
617
083
893
56,911
61,241
66,652
53,979
51,778
40,926
30,976
17,624
29,158
27,941
215,307
195,336
251,423
189,753
136,425
105,092
72,561
45,992
99,925
90,950
1840
1839
1838
1837
1836.
1835 4
1834
1833
1832
1831
871
899
913
972
911
725
957
1,187
1,065
712
118
125
115
125
116
75
118
161
144
85
309
260
905
913
230
107
389
492
544
556
19,811
34,219
23,607
33,811
26,630
12,347
13,905
12,620
17,386
11,437
98,498
91,041
92,298
92,102
89,600
62,760
104,484
148,872
127,158
74,119
1830
1829
1828
1827
1826
1825
1824..
1823
1822
1821
648
796
886
951
1,033
1,000
793
630
639
519
58
79
98
106
130
116
92
75
77
57
560
408
964
456
373
464
798
857
569
275
8,269
10,281
5,881
11,010
12,818
9,171
5,216
3,766
1,861
3,017
50,291
69,127
93,083
95,446
117,555
107,293
87,582
72,091
75,708
54,258
1820
1819
1818
1817
1816.
1815
1814
1813
1812__
1811
557
876
923
1,087
1,431
1,329
490
371
(NA)
(NA)
51
86
87
87
135
155
29
32
85
146
394
670
346
626
186
579
751
583
148
691
5,572
5,824
3,695
2,543
2,926
546
593
1,140
118
1,145
45,822
80,846
83,651
85,083
132,260
155,033
29,158
31,443
85,030
145,546
1810
1809
1808 s
1807
1806 _ .
1805
1804 _
1803
1802
1801
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
127 575
91 397
31 755
99 783
126 093
128 507
103 753
88 448
(NA 1
124 755
1800
1799
1798
1797
995
767
635
106
77
49
56
261
921
435
679
-
458
182
78
127,575
90,939
31,673
99,705
126,093
128,507
103,753
88,448
(NA)
124,755
106,261
77,921
49,435
56,679
»July 1, 1939-June 30, 1940.
4 9-month period.
G Figures by class
of vessel do not add to the total for this year.
751
Q 438-458
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 438-448.
Merchant Vessels Completed by U.S. Shipyards: 1914 to 1970
Represents self-propelled steel vessels of 2,000 gross tons and over for domestic use.
[Tons in thousands.
Passenger-cargo /transport
Merchant vessels
Year
Cargo
Gross tons
Number
Gross tons
Deadweight
tons
Number
Gross tons
Deadweight
tons
Number
Gross tons
Deadweight
tons
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
13
22
21
12
13
13
15
35
27
25
342
418
319
143
146
173
213
418
392
369
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
26
30
30
19
8
9
39
45
31
10
410
714
572
297
113
119
585
570
399
148
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
26
33
24
39
83
1,041
1,463
1,661
724
95
405
541
159
247
646
7,615
11,403
12,486
5,393
749
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
53
28
24
15
8
2
2
4
15
14
445
241
181
122
63
19
10
50
145
151
4
13
9
50
129
109
32
83
85
—
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
18
8
7
19
8
12
12
18
19
183
164
65
72
155
54
84
84
117
168
1,359
5
2
3
7
5
3
7
7
3
22
50
24
44
51
29
19
44
34
41
256
39
20
37
27
16
11
20
26
34
243
2
5
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
1915
1914
467
723
414
125
74
24
26
2,396
3,370
1,770
642
370
128
135
12
2
5
1
1
3
1
100
10
30
10
6
20
3
111
11
24
10
7
13
1
Represents
Tanker
Number
1970
1969
1968—
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
-
Excludes Alaska and Hawaii]
—
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
1;
1
6
1
-
<i
51
14
31
10
-
-
5
61
35
-
-
—
—
_
1
4
—
-
1
—
—
4
4
101
47
1
1
6
2
_
6
4
57
24
„
-
7
8
3
222
201
63
427
381
113
2
4
6
3
7
1
21
52
95
117
113
179
36
92
166
200
186
298
163
73
67
6
15
95
159
324
289
43
11
26
21
16
6
2
27
22
8
4
276
668
463
289
106
35
475
354
127
71
456
1,095
759
457
169
55
764
555
202
116
23
33
6
3
8
188
240
231
61
28
378
541
52
19
82
1,770
2,486
2,163
612
268
609
863
88
36
121
2,787
3,955
3,420
982
434
16
11
18
15
8
2
149
119
142
122
63
19
238
193
228
192
105
30
6
14
18
12
12
11
10
23
23
18
120
217
256
143
125
121
104
250
265
190
134
247
291
150
161
154
123
289
303
224
15
3
5
3
2
7
11
22
17
4
134
40
48
8
7
84
106
212
170
29
.
3
27
44
U
17
159
224
729
7,206
11,858
14,921
6,843
598
-
-
-
1
8
9
46
48
20
11
6
15
74
77
509
461
220
102
58
68
85
311
330
180
81
57
28
66
807
1,175
1,410
652
61
92
154
487
5,336
8,455
10,103
4,679
423
6
3
69
30
61
20
31
14
6
227
92
39
335
128
56
—
—
-
-
—
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
—
-
2
—
-
—
10
15
2
-
16
22
42
Y0
104
26
92
48
110
156
485
97
9
28
30
9
161
15
44
50
15
1
2
6
104
7
16
48
786
23
71
1,158
2,696
4,680
2,283
627
300
131
130
80
42
34
32
24
4
8
538
273
232
218
163
20
45
778
395
339
314
247
30
67
24
49
9
10
57
16
65
34
68
78
317
375
679
375
92
49
17
17
1,758
3,086
1,508
414
201
88
88
4
—
Series Q 449-458.
Year
1968:
1967:
1966:
—
i1
Shipbuilding in Private Shipyards—Summary: 1949 to 1970
Covers steel self-propelled vessels of 1,000 tons or over]
Naval vessels
Commercial vessels
1969:
—
zero.
[Tons in thousands; gross tons for commercial vessels, light displacement tons for naval vessels.
1970:
—
5
-
16
33
9
2
9
—
—
11
1
4
3
1
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Tons
Tons..
Tons.
Tons
Tons
Under construction
Jan. 1
Dec. 31
449
450
49
1,388
63
1,495
64
1,211
48
596
45
513
See footnotes at end of table.
752
49
i1,609
49
1,388
63
1,495
64
i 1,211
48
596
Contracted
for
Launched
451
452
13
580
8
309
23
613
29
740
16
244
Delivered
453
11
322
13
271
27
454
15
182
11
134
13
370
22
416
24
329
13
162
13
161
Under construction
Jan. 1
Dec. 31
454
455
108
621
133
701
134
686
147
745
106
573
Contracted
for
456
82
588
108
621
133
701
134
686
147
745
Launched
1
458
457
6
132
6
80
15
153
8
50
54
246
Delivered
23
117
28
142
26
138
15
137
25
129
32
166
31
159
16
138
21
109
13
74
Q 506-517
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 449-458.
Shipbuilding in Private Shipyards—Summary: 1949 to 1970—Con.
[Tons in thousands; gross tons for commercial vessels, light displacement tons for naval vessels]
Naval vessels
Commercial vessels
Under construction
Year
Jan. 1
Dec. 31
449
450
451
452
453
457
458
59
410
52
334
55
335
46
273
55
284
19
115
13
63
17
78
14
100
22
87
16
170
15
66
15
56
15
39
17
110
12
39
16
64
8
24
23
114
9
49
3
48
31
473
41
516
37
428
10
146
8
105
38
564
45
570
31
397
10
148
44
307
31
212
45
254
31
158
11
45
43
253
44
303
31
219
45
254
32
214
13
93
26
138
2
16
18
107
22
170
13
73
14
132
16
41
8
33
7
30
14
146
13
48
16
51
6
14
1
765
26
422
39
631
26
415
34
539
11
42
21
194
11
42
11
42
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
18
196
7
122
4
19
27
478
77
987
39
636
71
1,130
29
401
40
661
16
181
5
72
2
2
2
_
_
_
7
58
Tonnages revised.
Gross Tonnage of Merchant Vessels Built and Documented, by Region: 1817 to 1936
[Documented vessels of 5 tons or more.
As of December 31, 1817-1834; September 30, 1835-1842; June 30 thereafter]
Seaboard
Total
456
52
334
55
335
46
281
55
286
42
247
Represents zero.
Adjusted to account for major changes made during construction.
Year
Delivered
25
404
32
717
31
573
23
320
9
126
25
315
15
210
48
680
92
1,303
96
1,251
Series Q 459-466.
455
Launched
18
122
21
108
17
81
15
76
16
173
15
225
48
672
92
1,298
96
1,222
29
411
1950: Number
Tons
1949: Number.
Tons...
454
Contracted
for
15
102
22
133
23
125
18
79
13
69
31
471
28
587
32
719
26
389
12
156
1955: Number ._
Tons
1954: Number
Tons- _ .
1953: Number - Tons. _ _1952: Number .
Tons
1951: Number
Tons. .
Dec. 31
23
158
39
195
29
148
19
99
24
132
23
270
19
196
22
176
35
751
68
1,715
60
979
75
1,514
93
2,156
84
1,855
25
312
Jan. 1
106
573
101
537
83
450
71
385
67
362
58
844
60
954
75
1,543
93
2,172
84
1,902
1960: Number .
Tons
1959: Number-- Tons
_
1958: Number Tons
1957: Number.
Tons.
1956: Number Tons
2
Under construction
101
537
83
450
71
383
67
362
59
403
18
203
16
223
34
422
27
385
25
369
2
45
513
47
550
45
517
54
648
66
859
Delivered
17
221
20
239
18
261
37
429
20
320
47
550
45
517
54
648
66
859
57
789
1
Launched
16
166
18
244
25
291
15
174
34
438
1965: Number - __
Tons
1964: Number. Tons
1963: Number. . .
Tons...
1962: Number.. Tons.
1961: Number- Tons.
...
-
Contracted
for
New
England
coast
MidAtlantic
and Gulf
coasts
Pacific
coast
Seaboard
Northern
lakes
and
western
rivers
Year
Total
New
England
coast
459
1936
175,398
711
166,671
8,016
48,686
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
49,054
49,946
181,593
195,529
355,771
1,910
862
25,851
52,163
26,639
38,452
37,390
151,823
133,625
287,884
8,692
11,694
3,919
9,741
41.248
13,865
16,703
9,210
17,363
31,135
1930.
1929
1928.
1927
1926
193,116
104,769
181,681
176,207
159,658
18,601
12,766
11,434
6,574
4,995
143,656
71,750
146,532
124,068
131,994
30,859
20,253
23,715
45,565
22,669
61,180
24,207
75,499
68,937
65,015
1925.
1924
1923
1922
1921
123,933
145,837
262,769
637,708
2,147,555
5,615
3,174
13,057
56,973
150,745
76,784
106,414
199,026
448,197
1,383,185
41,534
36.249
50,686
132,538
613,625
75,913
78,131
73,022
23,524
117,560
1920.
1919
1918
1917.
1916
3,475,872
2,815,733
1,080,437
518,958
275,749
208,023
177,758
88,302
52,526
37,568
1,931,514
1,274,472
473,698
298,958
188,550
1,336,335
1,363,503
518,437
167,474
49,631
404,767
510,888
220,431
145,521
49,664
1915.
1914
1913
1912
1911
203,156
251,700
247,318
136,485
190,612
18,551
14,985
27,131
23,052
23,653
152,906
200,220
175,523
81,329
139,725
31,699
36,495
44,664
32,104'
27,234
21,966
64,550
98,837
96,184
100,550
MidAtlantic
and Gulf
coasts
Pacific
coast
Northern
lakes
and
western
rivers
461
462
463
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
167.829
131,748
266,937
219,753
146,883
23,442
27,237
70,903
44,428
32,311
127,517
81,752
138,984
140,134
94,311
16,870
22,759
57,050
35,191
20,261
174,239
106,342
347,279
251,579
271,862
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
230,716
208,288
288,196
290,122
291,516
119,377
51,417
66,973
75,852
82,971
91,224
135,263
177,887
161,211
153,977
20,115
21,608
43,336
53,059
54,568
99,600
170,254
147,956
178,709
191,973
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
249,006
196,120
112,879
103,504
102,544
72,179
68,761
23,944
21,942
39,582
135,473
85,825
39,146
74,067
52,143
41,354
41,534
49,789
7,495
10,819
144,784
103,918
67,579
128,729
124,553
1895
1894
1893
1892
1891
67,127
80,099
102.830
138,863
237,462
26,783
28,665
37,091
60,624
105,491
33,200
46,042
52,018
57,469
112,901
7,144
5,392
13,721
20,770
19,070
44,475
51,096
108,809
60,770
131,840
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
169,091
111,852
105,125
83,061
64,458
78,577
39,983
33,813
24,035
30,624
78,179
53,930
49,356
49,886
27,920
12,335
17,939
21,956
9,140
5,914
125,032
119,282
112,962
67,389
30,995
See footnotes at end of table.
753
Q 459-472
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 459-466.
Gross Tonnage of Merchant Vessels Built and Documented, by Region: 1817 to 1936—Con.
Seaboard
Year
Total
New
England
coast
Mid-Atlantic
and Gulf
coasts
Pacific
coast
Northern
lakes and
western
rivers
459
460
461
462
463
1885..
1884..
1883..
1882..
1881..
121,010
178,419
210,349
188,084
125,766
48,128
84,046
110,226
93,965
54,488
61,844
83,763
83,385
78,342
69,861
11,038
10,620
16,738
15,777
11,417
38,046
47,095
55,081
94,186
154,693
1880-
1879187818771876-
101,720
115,683
155.138
132,996
163,826
46,374
65,874
90,386
90,992
95,288
46,403
48,602
53,419
29,286
51,716
8,943
11,207
11,333
12,718
16,822
56,690
77,348
80,366
43,596
39,760
187618741873..
18721871..
244,474
277,093
218.139
128,097
156,249
151,497
136,251
76,406
46,269
64,366
79,549
129,9*3
136,258
79,552
86,559
13,428
10,859
5,475
2,276
6,324
53,165
155,632
141,107
80,955
116,978
18701869..
18681867 i
1866-
182,836
191,194
173,722
229,583
232,788
110,584
103,604
98,915
135,189
121,336
59,632
72,058
67,956
90,070
106,329
12,720
16,532
6,851
4,324
6,124
94,117
84,036
111,582
73,945
103,358
1865 i
18641863 i
1862..
1861-
280,899
328,710
215,410
112,486
181,586
135,253
112,615
79,578
45,597
104,678
141,830
211,242
133,161
64,366
72,192
3,816
4,853
2,671
2,524
4,716
102,910
87,030
95,474
62,689
51,608
18601859 i
1858 i
1857..
1866..
169,836
134,499
177,799
285,681
369,679
134,289
79,816
103,864
183,686
262,974
33,624
53,127
71,811
100,810
116,343
2,023
2,056
2,124
1,185
362
44,962
23,103
64,487
93,123
99,714
1866-
505,450
454,933
357,233
301,274
265,378
326,431
289,599
222,791
179,804
133,351
176,901
164,311
134,291
121,470
181,967
2,118
1,023
151
78,000
80,683
68,339
50,218
32,825
1850..
1849..
1848..
1847..
1846..
248,865
209,189
264,268
106,374
88,962
118,155
80,873
67,224
122
149,571
142,369
120,237
146,113
104,745
82,347
184618441843 ».
116,443
71,832
53,220
63,837
36,268
26,612
52,606
36,564
26,708
185418531852..
1851..
186,618
70
23,363
47,388
53,807
58,114
38,632
29,575
31,705
10,397
1 Figures for these years do not add to series Q 434.
' 9-month period.
Series Q 467-472.
Year
1842.
1841.
1840.
Total
New
England
coast
Mid-Atlantic
and Gulf
coasts
459
460
461
109,100
104,268
110,683
64,237
63,771
65,189
Northern
lakes and
western
rivers
19,983
14,625
7,626
44,863
40,497
46,494
ALTERNATIVE SERIES
The Coast >
Year
Western
lakes and
rivers
New
England
.States >
464
466
1850.
1849.
1848.
1847
1846
1845.
1844.
1843.
1842.
1841.
247,847
217,264
262,581
185,493
149,332
116,156
71,732
90,017
108,302
103,576
24,372
39,313
55,495
58,240
38,872
29,862
31,805
26,293
20,782
15,318
142,367
120,234
146,111
104,682
82,347
63,835
36,268
46,251
66,234
63,770
1840.
1839.
1838.
1837.
1836.
1835.
1834.
1833
1832.
1831.
109,706
107,232
100,074
98,997
98,130
101,906
105,683
153,456
130,064
80,541
8,603
13,757
13,061
23,990
16,497
14,072
12,647
8,171
14,475
5,222
65,189
59,204
53,054
51,981
68,330
60,054
61,779
95,143
100,585
49,793
1830.
1829.
52,686
71,055
95,349
99,343
121,908
112,616
89,166
73,942
75,242
65,607
5,398
6,044
3,027
5,000
4,530
2,381
1,773
1,066
105
249
24,169
38,117
54,282
57,156
72,668
65,616
52,446
42,725
44,206
36,651
47,696
79,551
82,232
85,144
88
267
189
1,250
29,353
50,614
48,823
46,605
1828.
1827.
1826.
1825
1824.
1823.
1822.
1821.
1820.
1819.
1818.
1817.
1
Figures for New England States included in series Q 464 " T h e Coast.'
Vessels Repaired or Converted in Private Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Yards: 1943 to 1970
All vessels
Year
Seaboard
Vessels under
1,000 gross tons
Number
Yards
reporting 1
Number
Yards
reporting
467
468
469
470
Vessels over
1,000 gross tons
Number
All vessels
Yards
reporting
Year
Number
Vessels under
1,000 gross tons
Vessels over
1,000 gross tons
Yards
reporting 1
Number
Yards
reporting
Number
Yards
reporting
468
469
470
471
472
1970
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966
39,200
36,000
37,200
37,400
33,100
122
126
128
130
135
26,800
22,120
24,300
24,500
19,600
110
116
114
112
110
12,400
13,880
12,900
12,900
13,600
75
78
81
85
76
1955
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951
35,413
39,870
44,663
42,774
38,513
144
154
163
131
138
21,122
24,458
27,006
20,878
20,307
130
136
142
113
123
14,291
15,412
17,667
21,896
18,106
89
99
106
82
59
1965.
1964
1963
1962
1961
35,600
37.500
39,990
42,686
36,816
136
146
139
151
122
22,900
26,777
27,804
29,912
26,027
117
132
129
137
106
12,700
10,723
12,186
12,774
10,789
93
93
102
95
73
1950.
1949
1948
1947
1946.
33,287
27,441
30,937
30,888
38,091
118
114
105
102
126
17,993
15,135
14,651
12,866
19,462
111
103
97
84
107
16,294
12,306
16,286
18,022
18,629
80
69
70
67
87
1960
1969
1958
1967
1956
37,774
37.501
42,809
40,827
45,555
159
149
154
152
165
24,991
24,837
28,331
26,106
29,401
132
130
134
139
144
12,783
12,664
14,478
14,721
16,154
93
87
88
82
93
1945.
1944.
1943.
23,558
22,014
22,957
1
Not additive.
754
23,558
22,014
22,957
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 473-480.
Q 506-517
Merchant Vessels Launched and Owned—World and United States: 1895 to 1970
[Vessels of 100 gross tons and over. Excludes sailing ships, nonpropelled craft, and all ships built of wood. Figures for 1895 to 1935 represent annual average 5-year span
beginning with the year shown; for example, the figure shown for 1895 is the annual average for 1895 to 1899, that for 1900, the annual average for 1900 to 1904, etc]
Launched
Owned
Launched
Year
World
United States
World
Launched
Owned
Year
Owned
Launched
Owned
Number
Gross
tons
(1,000)
Number
Gross
tons
(1,000)
Number
Gross
tons
(1,000)
Number
Gross
tons
(1,000)
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
990
899
840
741
655
3,489
3,126
2,303
2,093
2,108
27,922
27,194
26,479
(NA)
(NA)
83,996
81,954
79,714
(NA)
(NA)
4,531
4,605
4,807
(NA)
(NA)
27,404
27,707
29,060
(NA)
(NA)
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
1,311
1,690
2,067
1,285
489
7,189
11,157
13,881
7,812
2,487
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1940
1939
1935
1930
1925
1920
495
| 1 040
484
873
942
1,754
2 595j
1,020
2,469
2,582
(NA)
31,186
30,979
32,713
32,905
31,484
(NA)
69,440
64,886
69,608
65,638
57,281
(NA)
11,874
12,773
13,947
15,314
15,997
1915
1910
1905
1900
1895
1,637
1,426
1,474
1,611
1,205
4,616
2,588
2,218
2,354
1,844
30,643
29,943
29,574
27,840
30,288
49,246
41,884
35,949
28,957
25,086
5,846
5,018
3,996
2,750
2,165
Number
Gross
tons
(1,000)
Number
Gross
tons
(1,000)
Number
Gross
tons
(1,000)
Number
Gross
tons
(1,000)
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
2,700
2,819
2,798
2,778
2,561
21,690
19,315
16,908
15,780
14,307
50,472
48,246
45,343
42,234
40,822
227,138
211,294
193,770
181,709
170,730
150
174
199
231
191
338
400
441
242
167
2,822
2,972
3,049
3,115
3,140
18,423
19,507
19,623
20,286
20,750
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
2,280
2,147
2,001
1,901
1,990
12,216
10,264
8,539
8,375
7,940
39,628
38,602
37,310
36,364
35,465
159,979
152,584
145,438
139,549
135,477
130
80
78
90
56
270
276
294
449
343
3,224
3,344
3,506
3,542
3,728
21,478
22,380
23,082
23,220
24,184
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
2,020
1,808
1,936
1,950
1,815
8,356
8,746
9,270
8,501
6,670
34,056
33,924
32,857
31,421
30,620
129,339
124,494
117,578
109,778
104,720
60
47
64
54
50
485
597
732
359
169
3,845
3,964
4,054
4,116
4,157
24,781
25,227
25,526
25,843
26,074
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1,437
1,223
1,134
1,065
1,002
5,315
5,251
5,095
4,394
3,639
29,967 100,069
29,766 96,899
29,174 92,826
28,751 89,636
28,374 86,678
26
46
68
64
58
73
477
528
468
164
4,225
4,404
4,431
4,458
4,484
26,343
27,252
27,144
27,139
27,226
NA
United States
I
/
51
66
49
61
95
437
633
126
163
501
880
1,237
1,620
861
184
5,968
9,332
11,577
5,671
1,035
167
11
"7
117
579
25
74
99
83
159
315
(NA)
3,270
3,585
4,105
4,790
5,381
605
140
206
242
155
2,217
222
352
347
200
3,180
3,380
3,467
3,135
3,200
244 (
Not available.
Series Q 481-486a.
Tin thousands of tons.
Year
Documented Merchant Vessels, by Geographic Region: 1816 to 1965
Gross tonnage of documented vessels of 5 net tons or more. As of December 31, 1789-1834; September 30, 1835-1842; June 30, 1843-1940; January
1 thereafter]
Total
seaboard
New
England
coast
MidAtlantic
and
Gulf
coasts 1
Pacific
coast 2
Northern
lakes
Western
rivers
481
482
483
484
485
486
4,356
4,405
4,537
4,533
5,313
1,878
1,858
1,932
2,056
2,121
3,208
2,820
2,676
2,389
2,218
1930
19291928
1927
1926
13,131
13,527
13,728
13,914
14,306
1925
1924
1923-.1922
1921
Year
Total
seaboard
New
England
coast
MidAtlantic
and
Gulf
coasts 1
Pacific
coast 2
Northern
lakes
Western
rivers
481
482
483
484
485
486
798
815
878
918
936
9,106
9,447
9,494
9,747
10,079
3,227
3,264
3,355
3,249
3,290
2,758
2,771
2,773
2,805
2,844
178
179
182
168
161
14,390
14,785
15,388
15,604
15,320
953
1,014
1,113
984
920
10,165
10,344
10,780
11,147
10,932
3,282
3,428
3,496
3,474
3,468
2,853
2,791
2,758
2,724
2,840
162
164
138
135
122
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
21,430
21,482
21,083
21,010
22,064
1960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
24,708
25,577
25,520
26,605
26,952
814
827
898
1,007
1,091
18,112
18,439
17,955
18,634
18,732
5,782
6,312
6,667
6,964
7,129
1,728
1,627
1,638
1,569
1,558
2,145
1,691
1,429
1,247
1,100
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
27,405
28,299
28,184
28,136
28,040
1,191
1,239
1,204
1,335
1,559
19,211
19,908
19,886
19,604
18,409
7,004
7,152
7,094
7,196
8,072
1,590
1,616
1,624
1,556
1,565
962
849
738
725
736
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916-
13,065
9,762
7,004
5,959
5,574
872
616
600
604
616
8,867
6,329
4,757
4,146
3,827
3,326
2,816
1,647
1,210
1,131
3,139
3,024
2,798
2,779
2,761
120
122
123
133
135
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
28,866
29,407
30,484
35,238
35,829
1,505
1,679
1,719
1,834
1,644
18,915
18,639
18,397
20,340
19,927
8,446
9,089
10,368
13,064
14,258
1,628
2,076
2,079
2,091
2,183
721
699
604
504
489
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
5,433
4,904
4,800
4,618
4,544
658
767
766
765
775
3,652
3,036
2,986
2,868
2,795
1,123
1,101
1,049
985
974
2,818
2,883
2,940
2,950
2,944
139
141
146
146
168
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941.
30,306
23,569
14,714
11,856
11,776
1,472
972
440
544
494
17,186
13,596
10,051
9,372
9,318
11,648
9,001
4,224
1,939
1,964
2,061
1,793
1,620
1,624
1,641
446
434
428
379
305
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906.
4,459
4,444
4,469
4,328
4,273
800
828
822
784
781
2,723
2,681
2,685
2,656
2,651
937
934
962
887
840
2,895
2,782
2,729
2,440
2,234
154
163
167
172
168
1940.
1939.
1938
1937
1936
12,064
12,668
12,666
12,733
12,512
453
418
454
515
517
9,563
9,779
9,730
9,630
9,254
2,047
2,471
2,483
2,588
2,741
1,669
1,712
1,739
1,713
1,767
285
252
246
230
218
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
4,220
4,059
3,970
3,759
3,568
813
795
772
758
750
2,586
2,458
2,386
2,227
2,104
822
807
812
774
714
2,062
2,019
1,903
1,817
1,706
174
213
215
222
249
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
12,700
12,883
13,077
13,793
12,958
589
620
641
708
712
9,248
9,312
9,465
9,970
9,157
2,863
2,951
2,970
3,115
3,089
1,773
1,802
1,814
1,857
2,767
181
177
170
189
184
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
3,341
3,155
3,051
3,087
3,105
771
742
775
818
867
1,957
1,873
1,779
1,830
1,810
613
540
497
439
438
1,566
1,446
1,438
1,410
1,324
258
263
262
272
275
17, 074
17,077
16,547
555
15,922
692
16,059
See footnotes at end of table.
755
Q 481-502
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 481-486a.
Documented Merchant Vessels, by Geographic Region: 1816 to 1965—Gon.
[In thousands of tons]
Year
Total
seaboard
481
New
England
coast
MidAtlantic
and
Gulf
coasts 1
Pacific
coast 2
482
483
484
Northern
lakes
485
Western rivers
Official
Haites
486
486a
Total
seaboard
New
England
coast
MidAtlantic
and
Gulf
coasts 1
Pacific
coast 2
483
484
481
Northern
lakes
Western rivers
485
Official
Haites
486
486a
1895
1894
1893
1892
1891
3,113
3.169
3.265
3,271
3,222
846
879
907
932
944
1,834
1,834
1,901
1,874
1,836
434
456
457
465
441
1,241
1,227
1,261
1,184
1,156
281
287
299
311
308
1855.
1854.
1853.
1852 _
1851.
4,877
4,531
3,872
3,666
3,259
2,004
1,806
1,679
1,557
1,414
2,779
2,623
2,088
1,906
1,785
93
102
105
103
59
206
161
254
217
196
129
111
282
355
318
173
169
169
153
143
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
3,067
3,036
3,013
2,995
3,034
947
957
1,009
998
1,055
1,691
1.643
1,603
1,640
1,631
428
436
400
356
348
1,063
972
874
784
763
294
299
305
327
335
1850.
1849.
1848.
1847.
1846.
3,051
2,874
2,729
2,464
2,257
1,368
1,289
1,258
1,125
1,071
1,665
1,584
1,470
1,339
1,186
19
181
174
148
134
91
286
277
241
215
135
130
133
122
106
1885
1884
1883
1882
1881
3.170
3,182
3,151
3,062
3,000
1,090
1.142
1,121
1,095
1.045
1,720
1,705
1,702
1,664
1,669
361
335
328
302
286
750
733
724
711
663
346
356
361
393
394
1845.
1844.
1843.
1842.
1841.
2,143
2,033
1,940
1,888
1,936
1,010
963
923
915
984
1,133
1,071
1,017
973
951
86
72
66
61
58
188
174
152
143
137
90
80
76
85
1880
1879
1878
1877
1876
2,989
3,070
3,150
3,196
3.266
1,073
1,095
1,140
1,146
1,148
1.644
1,705
1,757
1,799
1,864
272
270
253
252
253
605
597
605
610
613
474
502
458
436
401
1840.
1839.
1838.
1837.
1836.
2,014
«
1,837
1,012
(«)
901
889
877
1,002
(')
936
882
896
«I 50
49
118
35
30
109
91
79
1875
1874
1873
1872
1871
3,597
3,521
3,489
3,265
3,164
1.143
1,077
1,055
1,053
1,050
2,225
2,232
2,243
2,031
1,947
229
212
191
180
167
838
842
788
724
712
419
438
418
448
407
1835.
18341833.
1832.
1831.
896
1,530
1,367
1,215
811
700
576
840
(')
718
667
639
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
3,164
3,090
3,175
3,340
3,515
1,057
1,066
1.046
1,008
1,126
1,917
1,839
1,962
2,171
2,209
190
185
167
161
180
685
661
393
481
352
224
1,146
(!)
1,692
1,590
1,501
565
212
232
1830.
18291828.
1827.
1826.
581
696
613
572
787
714
706
905
876
795
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
4,180
4,100
4,382
4,425
4,888
1,269
1,341
1,646
1,805
1,839
2,756
2,654
2,618
2,516
2,959
154
105
118
104
90
671
698
631
561
479
246
189
142
127
173
229
193
160
157
165
1825.
1824.
18231822.
1821.
1,397
1,362
1,312
1,298
1,265
641
613
600
601
580
1860
1859
1858
1857
1856
3,723
4,675
4,648
4,562
4,525
1,828
1,833
1,739
1,777
1,863
2,810
85
88
85
85
84
463
329
261
238
222
168
142
141
140
124
195
193
196
200
188
1820.
1819.
1818.
1817.
1816.
1,245
1,228
1,194
1,320
1,357
565
551
528
562
669
1 Includes
2 Indudes
2,754
2,824
2,701
2,579
Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands.
Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam.
(«)
10
9
9
39
22
24
25
22
19
20
17
756
748
711
697
684
7
9
7
7
7
19
18
18
20
27
13
10
12
13
14
681
678
667
758
788
7
7
6
7
5
27
25
25
13
10
14
13
6
3
13
<2
Tons
Inactive vessels
Active vessels
Foreign trade
Total
Number
Tons
489
490
Number
Tons
491
492
Special service
Domestic trade
Intercoastal and
noncontiguous
Coastwise
Number
Tons
Number
Tons
Number
Tons
493
494
495
496
497
498
Number
Tons
499
500
1970
Combination
Cargo
- _
Tanker
...
1,780
177
1,302
301
23,280
1,147
14,298
7,835
819
13
557
249
14,073
117
7,173
6,783
386
10
344
32
5,775
94
4,605
1,076
245
2
68
175
5,368
13
837
4,518
142
3,599
10
132
116
3,483
_
103
2
58
43
1,769
13
721
1,035
188
1
145
42
1969-..
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
2,013
187
1,521
305
25,079
1,214
16,462
7,403
1,013
22
780
211
15,180
198
9,412
5,570
447
20
398
29
6,021
187
5,100
734
199
2
69
128
4,062
11
823
3,228
105
2,619
8
97
111
2,508
94
2
61
31
1,445
11
713
721
1968
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
2,101
205
1,581
315
25,699
1,343
16,993
7,363
1,104
26
811
267
16,416
227
9,569
6,620
481
22
421
38
6,332
200
5,180
952
242
1
65
176
4,934
4
797
4,133
134
3,105
9
125
123
2,982
108
1
56
51
1,829
4
674
1,151
1967
Combination
Cargo
Tanker.
2,209
222
1,670
317
26,560
1,454
17,843
7,263
1,107
27
818
262
16,273
231
9,647
6,495
460
24
400
36
6,037
214
4,963
860
233
1
66
166
4,654
4
810
3,840
142
3,333
9
133
120
91
1
57
33
1,323
4
691
628
)
17
16
9
>
488
756
73
50
41
37
35
29
487
Represents zero.
17
60
56
44
I
United States Flag Merchant Vessels, Steam and Motor: 1934 to 1970
Total
Number
m
As of June 30, except as indicated. Covers oceangoing vessels of 1,000 gross tons and over engaged in foreign and domestic trade, and inactive vessels. Excludes special types and vessels employed on Great Lakes]
All vessels
Year and type of
vessel
1,735
83
78
65
64
57
• No returns reported.
* First 5 years of the series are as follows (in thousands
of tons): 1811, 0.4; 1812, 0.4; 1813, 0.4; 1814, 0.7; and 1815, 1.5.
Series Q 487-502.
[Dead-weight tonnage in thousands.
1,771
1,773
1
—
—
—
—
—
3,213
Number
Tons
SOI
502
2,930
10
1,731
1,189
961
164
745
52
9,208
1,031
7,125
1,052
367
5,097
313
54
3,489
1,608
1,000
165
741
94
9,898
1,015
7,050
1,833
381
3
325
53
5,150
23
3,592
1,535
997
179
770
48
9,284
1,116
7,425
743
414
2
352
60
5,582
13
3,774
1,795
1,102
195
852
55
10,286
1,223
8,296
767
—
—
Q 487-502
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 487-502.
United States Flag Merchant Vessels, Steam and Motor: 1934 to 1970—Con.
[Dead-weight tonnage In thousands]
Number
Tons
Domestic trade
Foreign trade
Total
Year and type of
vessel
Inactive vessels
Active vessels
All vessels
Total
Number
Tons
489
490
Number
Tons
491
492
Special service
Coastwise
Intercoastal and
noncontiguous
Number
Tons
Number
Tons
Number
Tons
493
494
495
496
497
498
487
488
1966
Combination. _ .
Cargo
Tanker.
2,292
226
1,739
328
27,393
1,476
18,565
7,352
1,043
29
760
254
15,388
250
8,913
6,225
494
26
420
48
6,576
233
5,093
1,250
248
1
83
164
4,825
4
1,050
3,771
139
11
128
160
3,042
1966
Combination
Cargo
Tanker.
2,425
236
1,840
349
28,755
1,558
19,661
7,636
779
19
561
199
11,821
158
6,679
4,985
512
18
440
54
6,877
153
5,249
1,476
217
1
92
124
3,953
4
1,056
2,892
118
2,667
13
105
142
2,525
1964
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
2,598
271
1,959
368
30,084
1,787
20,612
7,685
940
35
642
263
13,868
307
7,493
6,067
584
32
509
43
7,271
290
5,971
1,010
295
1
100
194
5,504
4
1,137
4,362
184
3,964
1!)
165
220
3,744
1963
Combination
Cargo..
Tanker..
2,691
290
2,013
388
30,753
1,924
21,047
7,784
946
33
649
264
13,812
288
7,498
6,027
587
30
512
45
7,344
271
5,979
1,095
299
1
103
195
5,479
4
1,157
4,318
207
4,349
26
181
290
4,059
1962.-Combination.
Cargo
Tanker
2,716
289
2,018
409
30,954
1,925
21,024
8,006
940
34
628
278
13,473
294
7,083
6,096
543
29
482
32
6,616
260
5,564
803
340
2
115
223
5,951
14
1,233
4,703
231
4,640
32
199
1961
Combination
Cargo
Tanker.
..
2,810
300
2,086
424
31,525
2,012
21,576
7,941
644
20
456
168
8,837
172
5,025
3,641
415
17
365
33
5,066
152
4,135
781
182
3,107
115
64
118
642
2,465
1960
Combination
Cargo
Tanker.-
2,934
306
2,204
425
32,601
2,038
22,813
7,750
951
36
633
282
12,922
320
6,907
5,695
658
34
479
45
6,541
305
5,265
972
372
2
148
222
1959
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
3,047
288
2,347
412
33,565
1,950
24,333
7,283
963
39
646
278
12,636
343
6,986
5,306
533
36
473
24
5,935
323
5,189
422
1968
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
3,047
238
2,425
384
33,316
1,638
25,125
6,553
970
44
657
269
12,358
413
7,051
4,895
551
36
487
28
1957
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
3,032
230
2,450
352
32,900
1,594
25,412
5,894
1,199
50
822
327
14,874
467
8,779
5,628
1956
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
3,150
247
2,511
392
34,052
1,683
26,007
6,363
1,127
48
738
341
1955
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
3,235
249
2,560
426
35,017
1,687
26,539
6,790
1954.
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
3,333
252
2,636
445
1953
Combination
Cargo
Tanker.
1952
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
Number
Tons
500
501
502
Number
Tons
499
109
1
72
36
1,623
4
890
729
301
2
257
42
3,987
13
2,770
1,204
1,249
196
979
74
12,004
1,225
9,652
1,127
99
1
79
19
1,286
4
914
368
50
993
29
21
376
618
1,646
217
1,279
150
16,934
1,402
12,883
2,651
111
1
81
29
1,540
4
918
618
61
2
33
26
1,093
13
385
695
1,658
236
1,317
105
16,219
1,480
13,121
1,618
92
1
77
14
1,130
4
867
259
60
2
34
24
989
13
362
614
1,745
257
1,364
124
16,940
1,636
13,549
1,756
362
4,278
109
2
83
24
1,311
14
872
425
57
3
31
23
906
20
296
590
1,776
255
1,390
131
17,481
1,630
13,941
1,911
2,325
67
783
17
98
173
2,152
47
20
469
313
47
3
27
17
664
20
248
395
2,166
280
1,630
256
22,690
1,840
16,549
4,301
5,926
14
1,589
4,323
237
4,284
1,642
14
1,215
413
455
375
3,910
135
2
113
20
21
35
202
6
15
53
402
1,983
269
1,571
143
19,679
1,717
15,906
2,055
375
2
142
231
5,912
14
1,512
4,386
229
4,054
35
194
336
3,718
146
2
107
37
1,858
14
1,176
668
55
1
31
23
789
6
285
498
2,084
249
1,701
134
20,930
1,607
17,348
1,977
6,208
344
5,348
516
356
3
133
220
5,369
30
1,366
3,973
229
3,811
37
192
345
3,466
127
3
96
28
1,558
30
1,021
507
63
5
37
21
781
39
337
406
2,077
194
1,768
115
20,958
1,225
18,076
1,658
721
38
611
72
8,406
363
6,649
1,393
399
3
161
235
5,595
30
1,675
3,891
262
4,082
41
221
398
3,684
137
3
120
14
1,513
30
1,277
207
79
9
50
20
873
74
465
344
1,833
180
1,628
25
18,027
1,127
16,634
266
13,988
443
7,864
5,680
644
38
624
82
7,538
359
5,688
1,489
402
1
149
252
5,639
10
1,569
4,061
281
4,269
42
239
411
3,858
121
1
107
13
1,370
10
1,158
202
81
9
65
7
811
74
607
130
2,023
199
1,773
51
20,065
1,240
18,140
685
1,163
50
772
341
14,232
453
8,182
5,597
601
39
492
70
6,992
361
5,383
1,248
425
1
160
264
5,880
10
1,650
4,220
271
3,999
43
228
385
3,614
154
1
117
36
1,881
10
1,265
606
137
10
120
7
1,360
82
1,149
129
2,072
199
1,788
85
20,786
1,234
18,368
1,193
35,860
1,695
26,435
7,730
1,123
54
730
339
13,645
466
6,876
6,303
623
39
489
95
7,299
361
5,226
1,713
398
5
154
239
5,324
23
1,581
3,719
265
3,854
44
221
396
3,458
133
5
110
18
1,470
23
1,185
261
102
10
87
5
1,022
82
69
871
2,210
198
1,906
106
22,216
1,230
19,559
1,427
3,349
257
2,630
462
36,255
2,039
27,228
6,988
1,415
55
964
396
16,738
479
10,060
6,199
629
40
461
128
7,390
378
4,890
2,122
437
5
167
265
5,725
23
1,638
4,064
303
4,275
59
244
517
3,758
134
5
108
21
1,450
23
1,121
306
349
10
336
3
3,623
78
3,532
13
1,934
202
1,666
66
19,517
1,560
17,168
790
3,350
260
2,629
461
36,081
2,044
27,210
6,827
1,447
62
967
418
16,976
552
10,047
6,378
782
44
582
156
9,052
393
6,177
2,481
395
1
135
259
5,190
4
1,302
3,884
291
4,033
58
233
517
3,516
104
1
77
26
1,158
4
786
368
270
17
250
3
2,734
155
2,567
13
1,903
198
1,662
43
19,106
1,491
17,164
451
1961
Combination..
Cargo
Tanker.
3,386
266
2,650
470
36,336
2,067
27,376
6,893
1,654
63
1,144
447
19,284
537
12,015
6,731
988
46
743
199
11,425
404
7,892
3,129
426
5
176
245
5,333
24
1,721
3,587
287
3,924
55
232
484
3,440
139
5
121
13
1,408
24
1,236
146
240
12
226
3
2,523
109
2,401
13
1,732
203
1,506
23
17,053
1,530
15,361
162
1950
Combination
3,408
83
2,846
479
36,526
639
28,927
6,959
1,145
51
682
412
13,828
417
7,075
6,335
711
45
505
161
8,353
389
5,367
2,597
434
6
177
251
5,474
28
1,708
3,737
279
3,716
66
213
559
3,157
155
6
111
38
1,757
28
1,149
580
2,263
32
2,164
67
22,698
222
21,851
624
...
Tanker
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,202
—
—
—
—
—
-
—
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
Represents zero.
757
Q 487-505
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q
487-502.
U n i t e d States F l a g M e r c h a n t Vessels, S t e a m a n d M o t o r : 1 9 3 4 t o
[Dead-weight tonnage in thousands]
All vessels
Active vessels
Total
Year and type of
vessel
Number
Tons
Foreign trade
Domestic trade
Total
Number
Tons
489
490
Number
Inactive vessels
Coastwise
Intercoastal and
noncontiguous
Number
Tons
Number
Tons
Number
Tons
493
494
495
496
497
498
3,379
79
2,799
501
36,228
609
28,442
7,177
1,386
47
969
370
16,044
388
10,063
5,593
1,004
43
813
148
11,416
375
8,626
2,415
382
4
156
222
4.628
13
1.437
3,178
262
3,437
53
209
416
3.021
1948
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
3,490
77
2,887
526
36,774
601
28.674
7,499
1,723
48
1,221
454
19,552
385
12,424
6,743
1,246
41
1,023
182
13,767
357
10,592
2,818
477
7
198
272
5,785
28
1,832
3,925
327
4,329
68
259
569
3,760
1947 i
Combination
Cargo
Tanker.
3,696
95
2,977
624
38,882
742
29,206
8,934
2,114
38
1,628
448
23,651
284
16,561
6,806
1,603
32
1,434
137
17,238
259
14,779
2,200
511
6
194
311
6,413
25
1,782
4,606
381
5,104
82
299
659
4,445
1946 *
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
4,852
117
3,829
906
50,263
800
36.675
12,785
2,762
56
2,220
486
29,127
412
21,408
7,305
1,890
15
1,607
268
20,592
127
16,200
4,264
442
10
226
206
4,807
38
1,910
2,858
297
3,483
101
196
1941
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
1,168
94
716
358
10,096
541
5,472
4,083
1,137
88
693
356
9,919
526
5,324
4,070
471
43
358
70
4,052
348
2,966
739
44
333
286
5,836
165
2,340
3,331
1940
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
1,300
140
790
370
11,019
873
6,020
4,126
1,119
112
642
365
9,653
696
4,892
4,065
425
66
291
68
3,749
514
2,443
791
46
350
297
1939
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
1,398
163
851
384
11,699
1,079
6,364
4,256
1,092
131
609
352
9,308
856
4,545
3,908
319
78
193
48
2,804
621
1,619
565
1938
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
1,422
167
882
373
11,814
1,108
6,557
4,149
1,060
125
592
343
9,019
764
4,436
3,819
366
76
213
77
1937
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
1,517
185
975
357
12,335
1,204
7,231
3,900
1,231
159
721
351
10,251
1,051
5,344
3,856
1936
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
1,563
201
1,007
355
12,323
1,281
7,405
3,637
1,208
171
694
343
1935
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
1,637
217
1,065
355
12,809
1,347
7,847
3,615
1934
Combination
Cargo
Tanker
1,673
233
1,079
361
12,986
1,389
7,946
3,652
1
Special service
Tons
1949
Combination
Cargo
Tanker...
-
1970—Con.
Number
Tons
499
500
Number
501
120
4
103
13
1,191
13
157
1,993
32
1,830
131
150
7
130
13
1,456
28
1,263
165
1,767
29
1,666
72
130
6
112
12
1,309
25
1,123
161
1,582
57
1,349
176
730
2,753
145
10
125
10
1,324
38
1,180
106
488
34
179
275
4,261
118
937
3,205
175
10
154
11
1,575
47
1,402
125
5,893
182
2.438
3,273
500
36
188
276
4,172
129
988
3,054
193
10
162
21
1,721
53
1,450
218
181
28
148
5
772
53
415
304
6,499
235
2,921
3,343
543
37
229
277
4,359
139
1,197
3.022
229
16
186
27
2,141
96
1,724
320
306
32
242
32
3,301
562
1,808
931
694
49
379
266
5,718
202
2.629
2,888
494
38
205
251
3,946
145
1,073
2,728
200
11
174
15
1,772
57
1,556
159
42
290
30
426
99
275
52
3,643
753
2,286
604
805
60
446
299
6,608
298
3,058
3,252
563
40
241
282
4,467
147
1,253
3,067
242
20
205
17
2,141
151
1,806
184
286
26
254
6
9,697
1,083
5,072
3,541
430
104
250
76
3,714
770
2,087
857
776
67
442
267
5,958
313
2,961
2,684
537
46
243
248
3,878
170
1,227
2,482
239
21
199
19
2,079
143
1,734
202
355
30
313
12
1,145
176
645
324
9,194
1,099
4,741
3,354
434
108
253
73
3,748
802
2,096
850
709
68
390
251
5,425
296
2,624
2,504
488
47
215
226
3,479
149
1,085
2,245
221
21
175
25
1,946
147
1,539
260
492
41
420
31
1,097
184
596
317
8,767
1,123
4,382
3,262
438
111
258
69
3,753
823
2,168
763
657
73
336
248
4,993
300
2,194
2,499
440
50
200
190
3,005
143
1,025
1,838
217
23
136
58
1,987
157
1,169
661
576
49
483
44
Represents zero.
Data as of December 31.
2
1,021
430
31
387
12
3,728
247
3,298
183
2,090
61
1,609
420
31
13
18
31
6
23
2
Data as of September 30.
Series Q 5 0 3 - 5 0 5 .
G r o s s T o n n a g e of D o c u m e n t e d M e r c h a n t V e s s e l s , b y T y p e of S e r v i c e : 1 9 3 4 t o 1 9 7 0
[In thousands of tons. Documented vessels of 5 tons or more. As of June 30, 1934-1940; January 1, thereafter. Includes Puerto Rico and Guam]
Year
Freight
(dry cargo)
Tanker
All other
Year
603
18,896
19,183
18,823
6,412
6,139
5,976
3,305
3,134
3,134
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961
18,045
17,731
17,393
17,236
18,320
5,673
5,645
5,599
5,535
5,404
2,798
2,784
2,699
2,685
2,679
1960
1959
1968.
1957
1956
20,637
21,342
21,420
22,024
22,280
5,261
4,908
4,632
4,934
4,945
2,683
2,645
2,534
2,464
2,386
Tanker
All other
Year
503
1970.
1969.
1968.
758
Freight
(dry cargo)
505
Freight
(dry cargo)
Tanker
All other
503
504
605
1956
1954.
1953
1952
1951.
22,298
22,818
22,605
22,556
22,598
5,279
5,520
6,478
5,451
5,364
2,381
2,427
2,463
2,409
2,389
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941
23,931
18,878
11,365
8,226
8,115
6,835
4,802
3,128
3,261
3,053
2,047
2,115
2,268
2,373
2,553
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
23,209
23,766
24,047
27,407
28,087
5,554
6,001
4,171
8,196
8,336
2,452
2,414
4,949
2,230
2,077
1940.
1939
1938
1937.
1936
8,267
8,615
8,702
8,671
8,702
3,028
3,089
2,989
2,881
2,686
2,723
2,929
2,960
3,123
3,109
1935
1934.
8,748
8,887
2,668
2,674
3,301
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 506-517.
[In thousands of net tons.
Q 506-517
Net Tonnage Capacity of Vessels Entered and Cleared: 1789 to 1970
For years ending September 20,1789-1842; June 30,1843-1918; December 31 thereafter.
Kico, and, beginning 1935, the Virgin Islands]
Excludes domestic trade.
Vessels cleared
Vessels entered
Year
All ports
Seaports 1
All ports
Includes Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto
Seaports 1
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
254,154
238,085
229,850
220,681
217,894
26,239
26,662
30,389
30,830
31,487
227,915
211,423
199,465
189,848
186,407
226,666
213,008
203,664
195,871
191,684
24,234
25,264
27,456
26,990
28,621
202,431
187,741
176,210
168,878
163,063
253,136
237,986
230,324
220,231
219,437
26,953
27,235
31,198
30,827
32,738
226,183
210,758
199,126
189,404
186,699
225,925
212,746
204,086
195,845
193,433
24,898
25,738
28,244
27,089
29,925
201,027
187,013
175,839
168,756
163,507
1965
1964
1963
1962..
1961
209,000
199,330
186,700
178,334
166,548
34,041
34,956
33,300
33,774
31,144
174,960
164,373
153,400
144,560
135,404
183,724
174,625
165,124
158,606
148,955
30,919
30,909
29,677
29,963
28,266
152,806
143,715
135,447
128,644
120,688
208,736
202,262
187,539
178,953
168,878
34,016
35,337
34,106
34,165
31,941
174,721
166,924
153,433
144,788
136,936
183,540
177,636
166,103
159,330
151,295
31,048
31,409
30,440
30,337
29,062
152,492
146,225
135,663
128,993
122,233
1960
1959
1958
1957..
1956
162,765
154,213
149,097
162,925
147,844
30,189
26,417
26,842
35,898
36,247
132,575
127,796
122,255
127,027
111,598
145,828
137,845
136,291
146,144
130,767
26,708
21,897
23,642
31,189
31,254
119,119
115,947
112,648
114,956
99,514
166,715
155,505
148,816
162,578
148,269
31,280
26,623
26,449
35,118
36,317
135,434
128,883
122,366
127,460
111,952
149,778
139,262
136,102
145,954
131,391
27,649
22,042
23,324
30,569
31,510
122,127
117,221
112,778
115,385
99,881
1955
1954
1963
1952..
1951.
128,405
109,524
112,559
116,375
108,086
34,321
33,860
39,319
45,223
44,571
94,084
75,664
73,240
71,152
63,515
113,807
97,198
97,344
101,263
93,674
30,407
30,133
34,969
40,732
40,482
83,400
67,065
62,375
60,532
53,192
129,368
109,899
112,935
114,797
110,236
34,407
33,579
39,188
43,726
46,763
94,961
76,321
73,747
71,071
63,472
114,806
97,674
97,627
99,703
96,257
30,615
29,969
34,775
39,273
43,024
84,192
67,706
62,852
60,429
53,233
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
86,629
85,700
90,927
93,796
80,258
35,376
41,251
47,726
53,627
53,045
51,251
44,451
43,199
40,170
27,213
73,451
74,701
76,910
80,889
69,520
31,757
37,626
43,270
49,044
49,143
41,693
37,076
33,640
31,844
20,378
87,829
84,286
89,449
97,160
77,225
36,043
39,681
45,775
54,088
49,124
51,778
44,604
43,667
43,072
28,101
74,785
73,063
75,714
84,508
66,376
32,510
36,136
41,348
49,558
45,113
42,269
36,927
34,358
34,949
21,263
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
94,021
81,860
61,084
43,942
59,061
61,375
48,071
29,292
13,611
20,940
32,646
33,789
31,792
30,331
38,121
81,182
66,305
44,739
28,258
42,616
56,499
42,196
24,508
10,326
16,767
24,682
24,109
20,231
17,932
25,849
94,559
87,385
66,716
47,706
62,596
61,460
53,050
33,682
16,354
21,869
33,099
34,335
33,034
31,352
40,726
81,452
71,717
50,232
31,976
46,142
56,332
46,919
28,826
13,149
17,701
25,120
24,798
21,406
18,827
28,441
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936..
58,544
68,992
70,516
71,560
65,972
19,220
17,769
19,020
19,527
20,682
39,324
51,223
51,496
52,033
45,290
45,393
57,973
59,223
59,980
55,038
15,740
14,553
15,899
16,747
17,510
29,652
43,421
43,324
43,233
37,528
62,171
70,306
71,286
72,880
66,066
20,248
18,156
18,829
19,938
20,069
41,923
52,150
52,456
52,942
45,997
48,996
59,218
60,064
61,177
55,381
16,766
14,903
15,742
17,134
16,967
32,230
44,316
44,322
44,043
38,414
1935
1934
1933
1932.
1931
64,612
63,787
60,936
64,837
72,782
22,372
23,192
22,488
24,278
26,907
42,240
40,594
38,448
40,559
45,875
54,289
53,132
51,564
55,229
60,427
18,893
19,186
19,051
20,643
21,499
35,395
33,946
32,513
34,587
38,929
64,887
63,702
61,287
64,446
73,501
22,126
22,799
22,434
23,865
26,854
42,761
40,903
38,853
40,582
46,647
54,722
53,162
52,083
54,900
61,204
18,651
18,901
19,093
20,204
21,417
36,071
34,261
32,990
34,695
39,787
1930.
1929
1928
1927
1926
81,253
82,602
80,211
74,310
76,933
31,866
32,241
31,285
29,289
26,890
49,387
50,361
48,926
45,021
50,043
66,499
66,853
62,809
58,921
63,759
24,620
25,208
22,991
22,001
21,091
41,879
41,645
39,818
36,920
42,668
81,307
82,343
80,667
75,440
79,041
31,560
31,927
31,734
29,793
28,532
49,747
50,416
48,933
45,647
50,509
66,500
67,030
63,331
59,759
65,583
24,154
25,045
23,180
22,078
22,234
42,346
41,985
40,151
37,681
43,349
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921...
69,378
68,292
66,319
65,191
62,285
27,947
29,628
27,725
31,738
31,185
41,431
38,664
38,594
33,453
31,100
55,636
54,726
52,775
51,701
49,958
21,148
22,462
20,984
23,633
24,402
34,487
32,264
31,791
28,068
25,556
70,229
68,910
66,624
64,839
62,665
27,808
30,092
27,932
31,759
30,181
42,421
38,818
38,692
33,080
32,484
57,160
55,294
53,215
51,799
50,423
21,394
22,896
21,305
23,755
23,432
35,766
32,397
31,910
28,044
26,991
1920...
1919...
1918 2
1917
1916
64,104
46,702
45,456
50,472
51,550
32,119
21,933
19,284
18,725
17,928
31,985
24,769
26,173
31,747
33,622
51,531
36,381
31,101
36,521
37,744
26,225
16,224
11,256
10,898
9,446
25,306
20,157
19,845
25,623
28,298
67,817
51,257
46,014
52,077
52,423
34,053
24,992
19,206
19,146
17,902
33,764
26,265
26,808
32,931
34,521
54,980
40,751
31,869
38,094
38,946
27,875
19,133
11,280
11,339
9,763
27,106
21,617
20,589
26,755
29,182
1915
1914
1913.
1912...
1911...
46,710
53,389
50,639
46,158
42,675
13,275
13,730
13,073
11,257
9,693
33,435
39,659
37,567
34,901
32,982
35,032
40,052
37,973
34,659
32,457
6,830
5,436
5,241
4,572
4,302
28,202
34,616
32,732
30,087
28,155
46,885
53,183
51,152
46,417
42,437
13,418
13,740
13,946
11,703
9,753
33,467
39,443
37,206
34,713
32,684
35,458
39,743
37,566
34,706
32,299
7,110
5,185
5,289
4,794
4,427
28,347
34,558
32,277
29,912
27,871
1910...
1909
1908
1907
1906
40,236
39,058
38,539
36,622
34,155
8,888
8,771
8,473
8,116
7,613
31,347
30,287
30,066
28,507
26,543
30,917
30,243
30,444
29,248
27,401
4,214
4,403
4,314
3,924
4,023
26,703
25,840
26,130
25,324
23,379
39,706
38,196
38,282
35,990
33,784
8,809
8,492
8,435
8,093
7,581
30,897
29,705
29,846
27,898
26,204
30,510
29,604
30,198
28,499
26,970
4,196
4,215
4,288
3,797
3,923
26,314
25,389
25,910
24,702
23,047
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
30,983
29,952
31,094
30,654
29,768
7,081
6,679
6,907
6,961
6,381
23,903
23,273
24,187
23,693
23,387
24,793
24,111
24,698
24,361
24,791
4,120
3,806
3,881
4,020
3,980
20,673
20,305
20,817
20,342
20,811
31,158
30,016
31,316
30,444
29,820
7,203
6,641
6,975
6,822
6,417
23,955
23,374
24,341
23,623
23,403
25,020
24,192
24,823
24,242
24,889
4,259
3,836
3,931
3,956
4,020
20,760
20,356
20,892
20,287
20,870
1900
1899
1898
1897.
1896...
28,163
26,111
25,579
23,760
20,989
6,136
5,341
5,240
5,525
5,196
22,027
20,770
20,339
18,235
15,793
23,534
21,963
21,700
20,003
17,453
3,974
3,333
3,362
3,611
3,673
19,559
18,631
18,338
16,391
13,779
28,281
26,266
25,748
23,709
21,415
6,209
5,472
5,111
5,618
5,330
22,072
20,794
20,637
18,091
16,085
23,618
22,177
21,892
19,878
17,819
4,006
3,463
3,231
3,637
3,741
19,612
18,714
18,661
16,241
14,078
1895
1894
1893...
1892
1891...
19,295
19,990
19,582
21,013
18,204
4,473
4,655
4,359
4,470
4,381
14,822
15,335
15,223
16,543
13,823
16,725
17,025
16,679
18,180
15,394
3,677
3,649
3,493
3,747
3,670
13,049
13,376
13,186
14,434
11,724
19,751
20,272
19,761
21,161
18,261
4,504
4,740
4,403
4,536
4,455
15,246
15,532
15,357
16,625
13,805
17,024
17,306
16,825
18,258
15,411
3,616
3,747
3,537
3,751
3,716
13,408
13,560
13,288
14,507
11,695
1970.
1969
1968
1967
1966
—
See footnotes at end of table.
759
Q 506-517
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 506-517.
Net Tonnage Capacity of Vessels Entered and Cleared: 1789 to 1970—Con.
[In thousands of net tons]
Vessels entered
All ports
Year
Vessels cleared
Seaports '
All ports
Seaports 1
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
506
507
510
513
516
517
508
509
511
512
514
515
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
18,107
15,952
15,393
15,816
15,136
4,083
3,724
3,367
3,366
3,232
14,024
12,228
12,026
12,451
11,904
15,366
13,312
12,956
13,532
12,230
3,405
3,128
2,914
2,871
2,762
11,961
10,184
10,042
10,661
9,468
18,149
16,343
15,669
15,753
15,328
4,067
3,988
3,415
3,259
3,303
14,082
12,355
12,254
12,494
12,024
15,429
13,672
13,252
13,511
12,413
3,390
3,342
2,944
2,771
2,806
12,039
10,329
10,308
10,740
9,607
1885
1884
1883
1882
1881
15,305
15,069
16,382
17,601
18,319
3,132
3,202
3,256
3,341
3,254
12,173
11,867
13,126
14,260
15,066
12,287
12,085
13,361
14,656
15,631
2,709
2,821
2,835
2,968
2,919
9,578
9,264
10,526
11,688
12,711
15,515
15,205
16,541
17,757
18,470
3,232
3,237
3,307
3,318
3,376
12,283
11,968
13,234
14,439
15,094
12,496
12,206
13,565
14,846
15,794
2,809
2,845
2,895
2,936
3,040
9,688
9,361
10,670
11,911
12,754
18,011
16,193
14,464
13,455
12,511
3,437
3,415
3,642
3,663
3,611
14,574
12,778
10,821
9,791
8,899
16,251
13,768
11,531
10,406
9,716
3,140
3,050
3,009
2,968
2,928
12,111
10,718
8,521
7,449
6,788
18,043
16,075
14,808
13,442
12,655
3,397
3,464
3,872
3,765
3,732
14,646
12,611
10,935
9,677
8,923
15,296
13,617
11,844
10,389
9,839
3,078
3,071
3,196
3,043
3,037
12,218
10,545
8,647
7,345
6,802
11,693
13,092
11,696
10,806
10,009
3,574
3,894
3,613
3,712
3,743
8,119
9,198
8,083
7,095
6,266
9,143
10,010
8,395
7,770
6,994
2,887
2,915
2,443
2,585
2,604
6,266
7,095
5,951
5,185
4,391
11,897
13,189
11,822
10,734
9,898
3,737
3,982
3,757
3,682
3,747
8,160
9,207
8,065
7,051
6,152
9,341
10,058
8,515
7,739
6,918
3,061
2,961
2,574
2,598
2,635
6,279
7,097
5,941
5,141
4,283
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
9,156
8,750
8,046
7,774
7,782
3,486
3,403
3,551
3,465
3,372
5,670
5,348
4,495
4,319
4,410
6,270
6,032
5,572
5,266
5,008
2,452
2,459
2,466
2,146
1,891
3,818
3,573
3,106
3,121
3,117
9,169
7,754
8,279
7,885
7,822
3,507
3,381
3,718
3,420
3,383
5,662
4,373
4,561
4,465
4,438
6,362
6,114
5,811
5,501
5,161
2,530
2,502
2,625
2,270
2,030
3,832
3,612
3,186
3,230
3,131
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
6,161
6,538
7,255
7,363
7,241
2,944
3,066
4,615
5,118
5,024
3,217
3,471
2,640
2,245
2,218
3,827
4,167
4,205
4,191
4,559
1,615
1,655
2,308
2,629
3,025
2,212
2,512
1,898
1,562
1,534
6,620
6,832
7,511
7,339
7,151
3,025
3,091
4,447
4,962
4,889
3,595
3,741
3,064
2,377
2.262
4,161
4,279
4,343
4,205
4,410
1,710
1,662
2,266
2,568
2,874
2,450
2,617
2,077
1,637
1,536
1860
1859
1858
1857
1856
8,275
7,806
6,605
7,186
6,872
5,921
5,266
4,396
4,721
4.385
2,354
2,540
2,209
2,465
2,487
5,000
4,913
4.338
4,843
4,464
3,302
3,328
3,051
3,482
3,194
1,698
1,585
1,287
1,361
1,270
8,790
7,916
7,803
7,071
7,000
6,166
5,297
4,490
4,581
4,538
2,624
2,618
3,313
2,490
2,462
5,257
4,867
4,436
4,882
4,695
3,501
3,315
3,128
3,483
1,756
1,552
1,309
1,398
1880
1879
1878
1877
1876
—
18751874_
1873..
1872
1871
Vessels entered
Vessels cleared
All ports
Year
Vessels entered, all ports
All ports
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
506
507
508
Seaports 1
509
Total
U.S.
Foreign
512
513
514
Seaports '
515
1855.
1854.
1853.
1852.
1851.
5.945
5,884
6,282
5,293
4.993
3,861
3,752
4,004
3,236
3,054
2,084
2,132
2,278
2,057
1,939
4,178
4,343
4,157
3,926
3,466
6,179
6,019
6,066
5,278
5,130
4,069
3,911
3,767
3,231
3.201
2,110
2,108
2,299
2,048
1,930
4,435
4,524
4,289
(NA)
(NA)
1850.
1849.
1848.
1847.
1846.
3,749
4,369
3,799
3,322
3,111
2,573
2,658
2,393
2,101
2,151
1,176
1,711
1,405
1,220
960
3,013
2,890
2,503
2,429
2,022
4.361
4,429
3,865
3,379
3,189
2.633
2,754
2,461
2.202
2,221
1,728
1,676
1,404
1,177
968
3,167
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1845.
1844.
1843.
1842.
1841.
2.946
2.894
1,678
2,243
2,368
2,035
1,977
1,144
1,510
1,632
911
917
535
733
736
2,011
1,897
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2,984
2,918
1,792
2,277
2,371
2,054
2,011
1,268
1,536
1.634
930
907
524
740
737
1840.
1839.
18381837.
1836-
2,289
2,116
1.895
2,065
1,936
1,577
1,491
1,303
1,300
1,255
712
625
592
766
680
1,788
2,353
2,090
2,013
2,023
1,990
1,647
1,478
1,409
1,267
1,316
706
612
604
756
674
1835.
1834.
1833.
1832.
1831.
1.994
1,643
1,608
1,343
1,405
1,353
1,075
1,111
950
923
641
568
497
393
482
2,031
1,712
1,639
1.362
1,244
1,401
1,134
1,142
975
973
18301829.
1828.
1827.
1826.
1,099
1,004
1,019
1,056
1,048
967
873
868
918
942
132
131
150
138
106
1,105
1,078
1,048
1,112
1,052
182518241823.
1822.
1821.
974
952
895
889
847
881
850
775
788
765
93
102
119
101
82
1,055
1,022
931
911
888
NA Not available.
1 Comprises all ports except northern border ports.
2 As of June 30; figures (in thousands of tons) for July-Dec. are as follows:
760
Year
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
506
507
508
880
869
917
992
1,136
801
784
755
780
877
79
86
161
212
259
918
108
351
715
981
701
60
238
668
948
217
48
114
47
33
909
605
539
1806.
989
705
586
1,203
1,135
1,044
80
99
48
87
91
1805_
18041803_
1802.
1801.
1,010
944
951
944
1,007
922
822
787
799
849
88
122
164
146
157
631
578
497
388
272
1800.
1799.
1798_
1797.
1796-
804
732
610
681
722
683
625
522
608
675
121
108
88
73
47
972
945
897
981
953
133
133
151
131
99
1795.
1794_
1793.
17921791.
637
609
611
659
604
580
526
448
415
364
57
83
164
244
241
960
919
811
814
805
95
103
120
97
83
1790.
1789_.
606
234
355
127
251
107
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,861
1820.
1819.
1818.
1817.
mOms.
181418 ISIS^.
1811.
1810.
1809.
1808.
1807-
1,116
Series Q 506, 25,029; series Q 507, 11,006; series Q 508, 14,023; series Q 509, 16,113;
series Q 510, 5,747; series Q 511, 10,366; series Q 512, 25,472; series Q 513, 11,223;
series Q 514,14,249; series Q 515, 16,112; series Q 516, 5,614; and series Q 517,10,498.
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 518-523.
[In millions of dollars.
Value of Waterborne Imports and Exports (Including Reexports) of Merchandise: 1790 to 1970
For years ending September 30, 1790-1842; June 30, 1843-1915; December 31 thereafter. Includes gold and silver coin and bullion to 1879, imports
and exports by land prior to 1871; and all waterborne foreign commerce of ports on the Great Lakes]
Exports
Imports
Year
Total
U.S.
Foreign
vessels
518
519
520
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
394
915
359
636
520
926
089
793
705
635
24,728
21,570
21.139
17,434
17,319
14,943
13,441
12,382
11,805
10,644
1960_
1959_
1958_
1957.
1956_
1955_
19531952_
1951-
11.140
11,633
9,700
9,244
8,899
8,073
7,334
8,292
8,118
8,441
664
948
045
227
286
852
031
109
19501949.
1948.
19471946.
1945_
1944.
1943 _
6,754
4,965
5,197
4,368
3,691
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2,239
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,452
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
097
475
877
026
705
860
382
275
4,692
4,052
5,582
4,828
3,013
3,808
5,800
5,447
1935.
1934.
1933 _
1932.
1931-
1,813
1,446
1,287
1,164
1,829
649
528
461
431
619
1,164
917
826
734
1,210
973
837
471
385
043
705
658
515
476
732
1,268
1930.
1929.
19281927.
1926.
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
2,635
3,807
3.550
3,662
3,891
3,716
3,145
3,312
2,704
2,187
898
1,205
1,133
1,215
1,195
1,151
1,012
1,040
921
765
1,737
2,602
2,418
2,447
2,696
2,565
2,133
2,272
1,783
1,422
168
322
277
097
050
224
010
539
281
1,117
1,487
1.472
1,434
1.401
1.473
1,532
1,358
1.402
2,051
2,835
2,804
2,663
2,649
2,751
2,478
2,181
2,020
2,486
1920..
1919-_
1918. .
1917..
1916..
1915 i .
1914..
1913..
1912..
1911-_
4,731
3,414
2,577
2,590
2,157
1,526
1,738
1,698
1.551
1,436
1,988
1,228
717
733
532
281
199
193
171
147
2,743
2,186
1,860
1,857
1,625
1,245
1,539
1,505
1,380
1,290
252
090
226
403
820
466
048
075
880
774
3,165
2,596
986
946
665.
291
170
188
152
134
4,087
4,494
4,240
4,457
4,155
2,176
1,878
1,887
1,729
1,641
1910_
1909190819071906.
1905.
1904.
190319021901-
1,467
1,241
1,123
1,340
1,140
1,039
923
960
847
776
147
151
152
177
168
161
132
124
102
1,319
1,090
971
1,164
971
878
791
836
745
516
481
670
550
355
308
281
258
376
114
108
121
142
154
130
97
91
84
84
1,403
1,373
1,550
1,521
1,396
1,225
1900.
1899_
18981897_
18961895.
1894.
1893.
18921891.
806
664
586
729
744
699
625
822
788
804
104
82
94
109
117
108
122
127
139
127
701
582
492
620
627
591
504
695
649
677
284
143
158
986
821
758
843
804
997
853
91
79
68
80
70
62
74
71
81
79
1,193
1,065
1,090
906
751
695
769
733
916
774
1890.
1889.
1888.
1887 _
1886.
1885.
1884.
1883 _
1882 _
1881.
749
707
692
665
611
556
648
700
702
625
125
121
124
121
119
113
135
136
130
134
624
586
568
543
492
444
513
564
572
492
825
714
674
695
660
718
714
799
738
894
78
83
67
73
78
82
99
104
97
117
747
631
606
622
582
636
615
694
641
777
1880.
653
454
454
481
149
144
146
152
503
310
307
330
830
729
736
695
109
128
167
165
721
601
570
530
1879.
1878.
1877 _
1
164
618
662
1,261
Exports
Imports
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961-
1954
Q 414-505
1,179
956
909
1,311
1,211
1,190
1,174
1,292
Year
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
518
519
520
521
522
523
1876...
1875
1874..
1873
1872
1871
465
541
581
647
623
526
143
158
176
175
177
163
321
383
405
472
445
363
660
658
708
666
562
583
168
156
174
172
168
190
492
502
534
495
394
393
1870
1869.
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
462
437
372
418
446
249
330
253
206
336
153
137
123
117
112
74
81
110
92
202
309
301
249
301
333
174
248
143
113
134
530
439
477
461
565
356
340
332
230
249
200
153
175
181
214
93
103
132
125
180
330
286
302
281
352
263
237
200
105
69
1860
1859
1858
1857
1856
1855
1854
1853
1852
1851
362
339
283
361
315
261
301
268
208
216
228
216
204
259
250
202
215
192
155
164
134
123
79
102
65
59
86
76
53
53
400
357
325
363
327
275
276
231
210
218
279
250
243
251
232
203
191
155
139
152
121
107
81
112
95
72
84
76
70
66
1850
1849
1848
1847
1846
1845-.1844
1843_
1842
1841
178
148
155
147
122
117
108
65
100
128
140
120
129
113
106
102
94
50
89
113
38
27
26
33
16
15
14
15
11
15
152
146
154
154
113
115
111
84
105
122
100
101
110
100
87
87
78
65
80
95
52
45
44
54
27
28
33
19
25
27
1840
1839-.1838
1837
1836-.1835
1834..1833—18321831
107
162
115
141
189
150
127
108
101
103
93
144
104
122
171
135
114
98
90
94
14
18
11
19
18
15
13
10
11
9
132
121
108
117
129
122
104
90
87
81
106
95
89
91
97
94
78
68
66
66
26
26
19
26
32
28
27
22
21
16
1830
1829
1828
1827
1826
1825
1824
1823
1822—
1821_
71
74
89
79
85
96
81
78
83
63
66
69
82
75
81
92
75
72
77
58
4
5
7
5
4
4
5
6
6
5
74
72
72
82
78
100
76
75
72
65
64
62
61
72
70
89
67
65
61
55
10
10
11
10
8
11
9
9
11
10
1820
1819
1818
1817
1816
1815
1814
1813
1812
1811
74
87
122
99
147
113
13
22
77
53
67
67
103
78
107
87
8
16
65
48
7
20
18
21
40
26
5
6
12
5
70
70
93
88
82
53
7
28
39
61
62
58
75
65
56
37
4
18
31
53
8
13
19
23
26
15
3
10
8
9
1810-.1809
1808
1807
1806
1805 - - 1804
1803
1802
1801
85
59
57
139
129
121
85
65
76
111
79
52
53
130
120
112
77
56
67
101
6
7
4
8
9
8
8
9
9
10
67
52
22
108
102
96
78
56
72
93
60
44
20
98
90
85
67
46
61
81
7
8
3
11
11
11
11
9
11
12
91
79
69
75
81
70
35
31
32
29
23
83
71
62
69
77
64
31
26
21
17
9
8
8
6
6
5
6
3
6
10
12
14
71
79
61
51
59
48
33
26
21
19
20
62
68
53
45
53
42
28
20
13
10
8
9
10
8
6
6
6
5
6
8
9
12
1800
1799
1798
1797
1796
1795
1794
1793
1792
1791
1790
_
Figures (in millions of dollars) for July-Dec. are as follows: Series Q 518, 817; Q 519, 179; Q 520, 638; Q 521,1,625; Q 522, 200; Q 523, 1,425.
761
Q 524-541
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 524-529.
Tonnage of Waterborne Imports and Exports, by Flag of Carrier Vessel: 1921 to 1970
[In thousands of short tons]
Imports
Year
Exports
Imports
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
vessels
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
524
525
526
527
528
529
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
15,438
10,985
16,321
13,526
15,598
283,721
277,635
266,430
243,280
250,477
239,774
199,286
194,483
187,427
185,978
14,940
13,060
15,599
15,365
17,358
224,834
282,751
256,806
266,075
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
255,596
233,774
212,542
210,631
187,887
15,573
16,278
15.682
18,373
15,155
240,023
217,496
196,860
192,257
172,732
171,811
171,431
156,122
134,001
127,519
19,048
23,937
20,885
19,535
18,411
152,762
147,494
135,237
114,466
109,108
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
198,830
200,481
175,605
172,030
159,472
19.627
19,219
181,262
179,203
123,887
154,977
137,472
120,078
114,748
165,796
144,755
20,133
17,724
103,754
90,557
96,062
136,704
117,451
299,159
288,620
20.628
34,558
39,394
108,281
18,686
29,092
27,304
186,226
178,884
172,062
168,620
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
141,123
120,685
119,003
107,421
100,603
37,409
36,291
38,468
41.683
42,836
103,715
84,395
80,535
65,738
57,767
112,796
78,178
80,549
103,048
115,690
22,144
18.378
19,448
30,417
43,232
90,652
59,800
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946.
96,703
77,371
67,416
59,203
49,184
42,268
41,364
40,528
37,682
32,340
54,435
36,007
62,685
71,865
88,312
124,317
87,043
20.379
26,136
34,501
42,306
45,729
53,810
63,254
37,244
1
26,888
21,521
16,844
61,101
72,630
72,458
61,062
49,799
Year
Total
U.S.
524
525
Exports
Foreign
Total
U.S.
vessels
Foreign
529
i.
i.
i
i
33,320
30,988
27,393
31,415
26,209
24,740
17,399
8,011
61,603
55,215
47,765
41,670
37,729
34,002
25,302
16,227
23,874
21,213
22,463
25,443
1940..
1939..
1938..
1937..
1936..
44,667
42,054
36,756
47,110
43,003
17,322
12,459
13,527
14.967
14,780
27,345
29,595
23,230
32,143
28,223
60,929
61,697
12,939
10,557
61,105
44,480
11,602
12,189
9,650
47,990
51,140
50,684
48,916
34,830
1935..
1934..
1933..
1932..
1931..
38,042
33,392
29,755
32,156
40,168
15,820
14,299
12,340
14,923
19,168
22,221
19,092
17,415
17,232
21,000
42,723
42,360
36,272
35,666
44,855
9,789
10,567
9,357
9,125
12,396
32,935
31,792
26,914
26,541
32,459
1930..
1929..
1928..
19271926..
53,270
57,103
53,083
47,245
50,049
27,801
27,089
24,033
23,638
25,469
28,844
25,993
23,212
26,411
55,699
64,372
65,889
63,768
76,316
16,703
20,071
21,602
20,939
19,177
38,995
44,301
44,287
42,829
57,140
19251924..
1923..
1922..
1921-
48,311
45,807
48,491
50,044
37,167
23,760
24.968
25,518
31,286
26,269
24,551
20,839
22,973
18,758
10,898
55,626
58,533
54,970
47,602
54,477
17,603
20,515
18,131
18,871
20,784
38,024
38,018
36,838
28,731
33,692
1945
1944
1943
1942
7,111
6,248
9,994
28,260
62,286
Excludes U.S. Army and Navy cargo and Great Lakes.
Series Q 530-541.
Waterborne Cargo Tonnage, Foreign and Domestic: 1924 to 1970
[In thousands of short tons of 2,000 pounds. For definition of cargo tonnage, see text. Net totals are derived by deducting two types of duplications from unadjusted totals:
(1) Traffic between seaports and river points, and (2) "Other duplications," comprising principally coastwise and lake traffic passing through canals and connecting channels
other than the St. Marys Falls Canal and the Detroit River]
Foreign commerce
Year
Foreign
and
domestic
commerce
Total
530
531
Through seaports
Imports
Exports
Domestic commerce
Great Lakes ports
Imports
Exports
Net
total >
Between ports
Coastwise
Lakewise
534
Local
and
intraport a
Internal
539
Intraterritory >
541
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
1,531,697
1,448,712
1,395,839
1,336,606
1,334,116
580,969
521,312
507,950
465,972
471,391
312,934
295,648
278,827
248,245
257,173
205,698
168,944
166,580
162,443
155,759
26,406
24,645
32,110
27,720
26,674
35,932
32,075
30,434
27,564
31,785
950,727
927,399
887,889
870,634
862,725
238,440
216,708
214,251
214,647
208,375
157,059
160,844
151,116
153,597
164,037
81,475
87,536
90,730
102,320
99,215
472,123
460,945
430,174
398,593
389,852
1,630
1,366
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
1,272,896
1,238,094
1,173,767
1,129,404
1,062,155
443,727
421,925
385,659
358,599
329,330
244,874
224,433
209,370
207,041
188,179
142,121
142,874
129,782
110,492
106,959
24,961
24,152
15,649
11,986
31,771
30,465
28,502
25,417
23,205
829,169
18,006
788,108
770,805
732,825
201.508
205,688
213,853
215,461
206,899
153,695
151,405
141,741
135,744
136,841
102,865
99,579
98,981
102.277
93,929
369,615
357,916
331,902
316,062
294,052
1,486
1,580
1,630
1960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
1,099,850
1,052,402
1,004,516
1,131,401
1,092,913
339,277
325,670
308,851
358,540
326,690
198,466
198,608
181,480
176,236
163,349
104,810
91,629
101,555
146,890
126,448
12,851
14,878
8,004
10,116
10,865
23,151
20,555
17,811
25,298
26,027
760,573
726,732
695,665
772,862
766,223
209,197
205.509
194,050
196,419
205,910
155,109
131,220
132,289
182,150
173,991
104.193
106,747
105,425
110,824
114,364
291,057
282,269
261,069
269,734
1,017
987
2,832
2,403
2,225
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
1,016,136
867,640
923,548
887,722
924,128
271,103
213,844
217,396
227,326
232,056
144,276
123,503
120,595
108,674
101,813
95,404
65,244
63,780
85,072
97,603
8,681
5,921
7,387
7,287
6,935
22,742
19.176
25,635
26,293
25,705
745,033
653,796
706,151
660,396
692,073
195,718
187,240
188.758
184,207
186.759
184,809
145,364
112,863
102,719
102,562
103,972
112,029
249,693
217,061
224,957
216,644
213,405
1,951
1,411
1,253
1,460
1,417
1950.
1949
1948.
1947.
1946.
820,584
740,721
793,200
766,817
617,032
169,225
165,358
162,971
188,256
148,877
96,299
77,153
68,078
57,366
47,948
43,640
65,740
65,404
101,996
76,589
5,683
4,839
4,219
4,796
4,163
23,603
17.626
25,270
24,098
20.177
651,359
575,363
630,229
578,561
468,155
182,544
161,431
174,081
153,098
137,609
169,881
145,592
172,491
163,180
138,617
106,906
102,637
113,959
1,239
112,668
190,789
165,703
169,698
149,615
1945.
1944
1943
1942
1941
618,906
605,928
580,581
589,900
653,600
172,094
153,736
127,284
99,221
120,652
44,526
39,441
33,077
25,974
54,616
100,333
82,613
63,086
46,023
40,605
6,511
8,055
7,120
4,488
4,628
20,724
23.627
24,001
22,736
446,812
452,192
453,297
490,679
532,948
90,705
70,806
60,009
74,016
155,927
157,900
164,971
159,458
172,606
163,161
97,822
106.194
106.278
104,189
98,728
87,073
95,821
93,689
92,748
85,368
See footnotes at end of table.
762
20,802
816,168
188,621
154,112
178,463
91,225
281,066
81,668
1,618
1,478
1,247
1,262
1,104
Q 414-505
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 530-541.
Waterborne Cargo Tonnage, Foreign and Domestic: 1924 to 1970—Con.
[In thousands of short tons of 2,000 pounds]
Domestic commerce
Foreign commerce
Foreign
and
domestic
commerce
Year
Through seaports
Total
Imports
Great Lakes ports
Exports
Imports
Exports
534
530
Net
total 1
536
Between ports
Coastwise
Lake-
Local
and
intraport !
Internal
537
538
539
540
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
607,900
569,400
466,900
583,100
525,842
111,255
112,667
105,182
114,413
90,247
40,740
37,854
33,886
43,764
37,507
49,568
57,711
55,476
52,910
37,154
4,118
4,941
6,110
4,102
6.423
16,829
12,161
10,710
13,637
10,163
496,645
456,733
361,718
468,687
435,595
157,027
150,983
138,545
149,740
132,515
141,103
113,309
72,846
135,076
115,260
97,632
87,710
76,216
91,059
88,024
70,217
62,014
56,034
56,295
44,337
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
453,331
414,308
394,104
342,489
445,648
81,639
77,898
69,466
70,429
89,525
33,942
30,553
27,670
29,843
37,375
33,922
33,570
31,197
30,039
38,841
4,716
4,287
3,034
3,072
4,016
9,059
9,488
7,565
7,475
9,293
371,692
336,410
324,638
272,060
356,123
115,561
113,349
110,675
94,434
113,949
71,686
68,911
39,544
71,788
76,583
60,998
55,207
54,845
67,530
35,720
34,894
26,030
27,242
37,327
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
520,280
583,800
539,200
532,500
540,500
114,110
127,510
126,768
120,523
131,293
46,448
51,591
46,690
43,388
44,834
48,148
55,761
56,151
56,550
69,859
7,590
6,385
8,648
8,098
6.424
11,924
13,773
15,379
12,487
10,176
406,170
456,290
412,432
411,977
409,207
117,821
124,999
119,254
121,036
108,023
109,791
135,838
119,301
112,805
115,791
79,414
89,528
76,728
78,020
88,270
37,691
41,995
39,870
40,659
36,798
1925
1924
483,400
453,700
108,548
101,562
42,793
36,425
49,251
49,008
7,317
4,962
9,187
11,167
374,852
352,138
105,090
88,554
110,626
92,563
69,981
77,270
49,787
34,101
1 Figures for 1924-1945 are approximations; there are some minor duplications in
figures for foreign traffic. Domestic commerce, for 1924-1946, includes "rivers,
canals, and connecting channels," not shown separately.
Series Q 542-547.
2 Includes figures for harbor traffic of New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco;
local traffic of other seaports, and local traffic of lake ports.
8 Beginning 1959, excludes traffic in Alaska and Hawaii; such traffic included in other
domestic traffic categories.
Waterborne Bulk Freight Traffic on the Great Lakes: 1900 to 1970
[In thousands of short tons]
Dry bulk
Year
Total
Iron
ore
542
Bulk trade
in petroleum
products
Coal
Grain
Stone
544
545
546
547
Dry bulk
Year
Total
Iron
ore
Coal
Grain
Stone
542
543
544
545
546
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
209,531
196,267
191,947
192,503
210,128
97,550
96,664
93,667
90,279
95,506
49,684
46,924
48,862
52,891
55,585
23,820
16,595
16,325
17,617
25,014
38,477
36,083
33,093
31,717
34,022
13.873
13,149
12,834
12,110
12,980
1935.
1934.
1933.
1932.
1931.
82,887
75,739
71.373
41,673
74,149
31,766
24,919
24,218
3,997
26,284
35,289
35.477
31,777
24,857
31,176
6,750
7,951
8,713
8,890
9,480
9,082
7,392
6,665
3,929
7,209
1966.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961
195,332
192,041
174,341
157,490
154,201
88,063
87,489
75,374
70,656
68,205
54,574
52,143
51,643
46,184
43,970
21,875
21,637
18,777
15,919
16,608
30,819
30,771
28,547
24,731
25,418
11,168
10,790
12,417
13,893
14.874
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926.
112,529
138,574
127,331
120,760
121,289
52,173
73,028
60,458
57,240
65,563
38,072
39,255
34,823
34,794
31,011
9,851
10,021
16,372
14,693
12,087
12,433
16,270
15,678
14,033
12,628
1960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
169,857
144,622
141,434
196,206
192,267
81,842
57,626
61,362
97,752
89,819
46,701
47,228
44,950
56,780
57,375
14,136
13,609
12,626
11,235
14,320
27,179
26,160
22,496
30,439
30,753
14,295
14,410
14,025
16,628
16,137
1925.
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
113,292
98,047
121,029
89,455
68,034
60,571
47,737
66,122
47,727
24,977
28,049
25,861
33,137
19,869
26,661
13,320
15,223
11,850
14,267
12,470
11,352
9,226
9,920
7,692
3,926
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
193,759
151,298
199,697
168,677
189,750
99,871
68,090
107,346
83,900
99,783
53,378
46.367
51,035
46,284
50,946
10,788
11,866
14,317
15,215
13,160
29,722
24,975
26,999
23,278
25,871
15,532
14,901
16,810
17,448
16,297
1920.
1919.
1918.
1917.
1916.
106,519
91,762
114,614
115,102
117,053
65,651
52,839
68,495
69,998
72,503
26,410
26,424
32,102
31,193
28,440
6,736
6,092
6,549
7,162
10,556
7,822
6,407
7,468
6,749
5,664
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946
177,953
151,697
185,612
177,606
147,955
87,591
77,902
92,890
87,246
66,478
57,640
40,930
60,564
58,060
53,727
9,327
12,543
9,877
11,409
10,198
23,395
20,322
22,282
20,891
17,552
13,331
12,607
10,956
10,145
10,217
1915.
1914.
1913.
1912
1911
93,060
72,940
100,018
87,174
68,646
51,877
35,864
54,959
53,129
35,987
26,220
27,282
33,362
24,673
26,700
11,099
9,794
11,697
9,372
6,959
3,854
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
175,083
184,159
175,653
182,731
172,287
84,801
90,911
94,534
103,125
89,732
55,246
60,163
51,969
52.534
53.535
18,718
16,229
11,810
8,502
11,387
16,318
16,856
17,340
18,570
17,633
9,364
10,196
9,450
8,940
9,387
1910.
1909.
1908
1907
1906
80,016
71,954
53,791
74,743
66,152
47,733
46,686
28,479
46,245
42,015
26.478
18,617
19,288
21,487
17,274
5,804
6,651
6,024
7,011
6,863
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
145,216
114,230
75,118
134,688
114,415
71,358
50,482
21,575
70,111
50,201
49,320
40.368
34,623
44,319
44,699
9,645
11,172
10,679
5,829
7,434
14,893
12,208
8,241
14,429
12,081
1905
1904.
1903.
1902
1901.
58,008
40,331
46,571
44.374
37,064
37,494
23,774
26,488
30,284
22,576
14,401
12,370
13,361
9,196
9,820
6,113
4,187
5,732
4,894
4,668
1900
35,298
20,799
8,908
5,591
763
Q 548-555
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 548-552.
Freight Traffic on the Sault Ste. Marie Canals: 1855 to 1900
[In thousands of short tons, except grain in thousands of bushels]
Year
Total
traffic
Iron
ore
Coal
548
649
550
Grain
Stone
Year
551
552
Total
traffic
Iron
ore
548
Coal
Grain
Stone
550
551
552
1900.
1899
1898.
1897.
1896.
25,643
25,256
21,235
18,983
16,239
16,444
15,328
11,707
10,634
7,909
4,487
3,941
3,776
3,039
3,023
56,664
88,398
88,418
80,814
90,705
49
39
5
6
18
1875.
1874.
1873.
1872.
1871.
833
655
888
746
586
493
428
504
383
327
101
61
97
81
47
1,486
1,270
2,430
1,013
1,686
1895.
1894.
1893.
1892.
1891.
16,063
13,196
10,797
11,214
8,889
8,062
6,549
4,015
4,901
3,560
2,574
2,797
3,008
2,904
2,508
64,547
36,414
45,887
42,661
39,849
24
21
19
40
44
1870.
1869
1868
1867
1866
540
368
299
325
239
410
239
192
223
152
16
28
26
23
20
354
324
285
249
230
1890.
1889.
1888.
1887
9,041
7,616
6,411
6,496
4,528
4,776
4,096
2,571
2,498
2,088
2,177
1,629
2,105
1,353
1,010
18,262
18,325
20,619
23,872
19,707
48
34
34
13
9
1865
1864.
1863
1862
1861
182
284
237
162
88
147
214
182
113
46
144
78
59
77
1885
1884.
1883
1882
1881.
3,257
2,876
2,267
2,030
1,568
1,235
1,136
792
987
748
895
706
714
430
296
15,697
12,503
6,677
4,202
3,825
8
6
2
5
1860
1859
1858
1857
1856
154
122
57
52
34
120
66
31
26
12
133
72
21
41
82
1880
1879
1878
1877
1876
1,322
1,051
937
913
1,074
677
540
556
568
610
171
111
92
92
125
4,659
3,578
2,138
1,728
2,396
2
2
3
3
2
1855
15
1886.
Z
1
(Z)
Less than 500 short tons.
Series Q 553-555.
[For years ending June 30.
Year
Commercial Ocean Traffic on the Panama Canal: 1915 to 1970
Includes oceangoing tolls-paying vessels and foreign naval vessels of 300 net tons and over (Panama Canal measurement) for vessels rated on net
tonnage, or 500 tons displacement and over for vessels rated on displacement tonnage]
Number
of
transits
Tolls
($1,000)
553
554
Cargo
(1,000 long
tons)
Year
Number
of
transits
Tolls
($1,000)
Cargo
(1,000 long
tons)
Year
555
553
Number
of
transits
Tolls
($1,000)
Cargo
(1,000 long
tons)
553
554
555
1970—
1969..
1968..
1967..
1966-
13,658
13,146
13,199
12,412
11,925
94,620
87,423
83,907
76,769
69,095
114,257
101,373
96,550
86,193
81,704
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
6,448
4,793
4,678
4,260
3,747
24,430
20,541
19,967
17,597
14,774
28,872
25,305
24,118
21,671
14,978
1930..
1929..
1928..
1927..
1926-
6,027
6,289
6,253
5,293
5,087
27,060
27,111
26,922
24,212
22,920
30,018
30,648
29,616
27,734
26,030
1965.
1964..
1963.
1962.
1961..
11,834
11,808
11,017
11,149
10,866
65.443
61,098
56,368
57,290
54,128
76,573
70,550
62,247
67,525
63,670
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941.
1,939
1,562
1,822
2,688
4,727
7,244
5,456
7,357
9,752
18,158
8,604
7,003
10,600
13,607
24,951
19251924..
1923..
1922..
1921..
4,592
5,158
3,908
2,665
2,791
21,394
24,285
17,504
11,192
11,269
23,957
26,993
19,666
10,883
11,596
I960..
1959_
1958..
1957.
1956.
10,795
9,718
9,187
8,579
8,209
50,939
45,529
41,796
38.444
36,154
59,258
51,163
48,125
49,702
45,119
1940.
1939.
1938
1937.
1936
5,370
5,903
5.524
5,387
5,382
21,145
23,661
23,170
23,102
23,479
27,299
27,867
27,387
28,108
26,506
1920..
19191918..
1917..
1916 >.
2,393
1,948
1,989
1,738
724
8,508
6,164
6,429
5,621
2,403
9,372
6,910
7,626
7,055
3,093
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
7,997
7,784
7,410
6,524
5,593
33,849
33,248
31,918
26,923
23,906
40,646
39,095
36,095
33,611
30,073
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
5,180
5,234
4,162
4,362
5,370
23,307
24,047
19,602
20,695
24,625
25,310
24,704
18,161
19,799
25,065
1915!.
1,058
4,367
4,888
1
Canal closed about 7 months by slides.
764
2
Canal opened Aug. 15,1914.
Q 414-505
WATER TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 556-557.
Tonnage Moved on New York State Canals: 1837 to 1970
[In short tons of 2,000 pounds]
All canals
Year
Erie
division,
freight
originating
All canals
Year
Erie
division,
freight
originating
All canals
Year
Erie
division,
freight
originating
556
557
All canals
Year
556
4,729,654
4,852,941
5,557,692
5,598,785
4,507,635
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
2,734,963
3,248,440
3,249,035
3,219,994
3,147,129
983,986
1,492,071
1,409,769
1,332,853
1.314.250
1935
1934
1933
1932
1931
4,489,172
4,142,728
4,074,002
3.643.433
3.722.012
3,898,506
3,645,125
3,574,951
3,186,094
3,277,936
1900.
1899.
1898.
1897.
1896.
3,345,941
3,686,051
3,360,063
3,617,804
3,714,894
2,145,876
2,419,084
2,338,020
2,584,906
2,742,438
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
3,270,796
3,194,696
3,225,526
3,279,944
3,223,558
1,508,546
1,500,946
1.541.251
1,610,959
1,583,098
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
3,605,457
2,876,160
3,089,998
2,581,892
2,369,367
3,044,271
2,422,204
2,535,684
2,047,774
1,935,278
1895.
1894
1893.
1892.
1891.
3,500,314
3,882,560
4,331,963
4,281,995
4,563,472
2,356,084
3,144,144
3,235,726
2,978,832
3,097,853
1860
1859
1858
1857
1856
1960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
3,415,095
3,719,919
4,000,580
4,468,539
4,858,044
1,772,789
1,976,739
2,056,733
2,675,853
3,053,219
1925
1924
1923
1922
1921
2.344.013
2,032,317
2,006,284
1.873.434
1,270,407
1,945,466
1,691,766
1890.
1889.
1888
1887.
5,246,102
5,370,369
4,942,948
5,553,805
5,293,982
3,303,929
3,673,554
3,321,516
3,840,513
3,808,642
1855
1854
1853
1852
1851
4,022,617
4,165,862
4,247,853
3,863,441
3,582,733
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
4,616,399
3,859,335
4,497,231
4,487,858
5,211,472
2,779,491
2,395,291
3,211,932
3,112,480
3,673,104
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
1,421,434
1,238,844
1,159,270
1,297,225
1,625,050
891,221
842,164
667,374
675,083
917,689
1885.
1884.
1883.
1882.
4,731,784
5,009,488
5,664,056
5,467,423
5,179,192
3,208,207
3,389,555
3,587,102
3,694,364
3,598,721
1850
18491848
1847
1846
3,076,617
2,894,732
2,796,230
2,869,810
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
4,615,613
3,949,739
4,513,817
3,790,050
2,820,541
3,620,346
2,685,635
3,121,411
2,514,643
1,685,516
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
1,858,114
2,080,850
2,602,035
1880.
3,097,068
1,155,235
1,361,764
1,788,453
1,795,069
2,031,735
1879.
1878.
1877.
1876.
6,457,656
5,362,372
5,171,320
4,955,963
4,172,129
4,608,651
3,820,027
3,608,634
3,254,367
2,418,422
1845
5 844
1843
1842.
1841—
1945.
1944.
1943.
1942.
1941
2,968,682
2,506,840
2,824,160
3,539,101
4,505,059
1.665.447
1.729.448
2,166,393
2,760,596
3,512,829
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906
3,073,412
3,116,536
3,051,877
3,407,914
3,540,907
2,023,185
2,031,307
2,177,443
2,415,548
2,385,491
1875.
1874.
1873.
1872.
1871.
4,859,958
5,804,588
6,364,782
6,673,370
6,467,888
2,787,226
3,097,122
3,602,535
3,562,560
3,580,922
1840
1839
1838
1837
1940.
1939
1938
1937.
1936.
4,768,160
4,689,037
4,709,488
5,010,464
5,014,206
3,587,086
3,643,782
3,349,250
4,173,700
4,220,397
1905
1904
1903
1902
1901
3,226,896
3,138,547
3,615,385
3,274,610
3,420,613
1,999,824
1,945,708
2,414,018
2,105,876
2,257,035
1870
1869.
1868
1867.
6,173,769
5,859,080
6,442,225
5,688,325
5,775,220
3,083,132
2,845,072
3,346,986
2,920,578
2,896,027
Series Q 558.
2,606,116
1,626,062
1,485,109
993,639
Total
Year
558
1881.
1866.
—
2,268,662
—
1,977,565
1,816,586
1,513,439
1,236,931
1,521,661
1,416,046
1,435,713
1,333,011
1,171,296
Total
Year
For years ending June 30]
Total
Year
558
Total
Year
558
1970.
1969.
1968.
1967.
1966.
1,050,803
1,124,790
1,170,845
1,182,958
1,208,301
1940
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
107,082
115,987
135,921
178,825
106,239
1910
1909
1908
1907
1906.
29,273
34,579
30,361
23,310
25,955
1880
1879
1878
1877
1876
8,080
8,267
3,791
4,655
5,736
1850.
1849.
1848.
1847.
1846.
1965.
1964.
1963.
1962.
1961.
1,092,588
993,916
1,004,022
889,936
863,600
1935
1934
1933
1932.
1931
162,375
104,873
76,788
84,260
80,903
1905.
1904
1903
1902.
1901
22,814
22,546
19,590
14,948
19,544
1875
1874
1873
1872
1871
6,434
5,704
6,312
4,962
4,421
1845,
18441843.
1842_
1841-
1960.
1959.
1958.
1957.
1956.
800,948
721,767
624,558
545,032
489,118
1930
1929.
1928
1927
1926
73,970
57,299
70,197
60,620
63,464
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
18,736
16,094
20,792
13,686
18,119
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
3,528
3,545
3,457
1,217
295
1840_
183918381837.
1836.
1955.
1954.
1953.
1952.
1951.
455,612
475,418
272,130
214,957
204,699
1925.
1924
1923
1922
1921
69,882
62,025
47,478
43,393
57,166
1895
1894.
1893
1892
1891
19,944
19,888
14,804
13,024
12,253
1865
1864
1863
1861
305
102
65
37
172
18351834.
18331832.
1831-
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
190,456
160,431
115,728
89,170
79,542
1920
1919
1918
1917
1916
47,188
33,078
29,594
30,487
32,450
1890
1889.
1888
1887
1886
11,740
11,234
7,007
7,786
4,197
1860
1859
1858
1857
1856
228
290
427
268
161
1830.
1829.
1945.
1944
1943
1942
1941
57,146
64,366
84,368
88,664
86,530
1915
1914
1913
1912
1911
46,834
50,762
42,275
35,861
33,968
1885
1884
1883
1882.
10,558
8,237
13,839
11,624
9,072
1855.
1854.
1853.
1852.
1851.
791
937
489
40
70
4,650,214
3,781,684
3,665,192
3,344,061
4,116,082
Federal Expenditures for Rivers and Harbors: 1822 to 1970
[In thousands of dollars.
Year
1886.
—
1881.
1862.
1828.
1827.
1826.
1825.
1824.
1823.
1822_
765
Q 559-564
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 559-564.
Investment in Canals, by Region and Agency of Enterprise: 1815 to 1860
[In millions of dollars]
United States
Total
State
Private
559
560
561
1.2
1.9
1.0
1.4
1.6
2.9
3.2
2.8
3.5
4.2
5.3
4.7
3.8
3.4
4.7
4.2
3.8
2.4
1.9
4.9
3.4
4.5
4.7
1.8
2.3
1.9
1.5
1.1
.8
2.0
1.1
2.0
.7
.7
1.0
-
Northeast
South
United States
West
Year
564
0.1
.5
1.1
.7
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.7
2.3
3.0
3.6
.9
1.4
1.5
2.8
4.0
3.3
2.8
3.8
2.5
1.6
3.0
3.6
4.2
2.9
3.9
3.5
.5
1.0
.3
.3
0.1
.2
.4
.5
.4
0.1
.1
.3
.3
.4
.5
.1
.1
.2
.8
.7
.4
.3
.6
.7
.7
.2
.3
.2
.6
.3
.1
.3
2.4
11.3
9.5
7.2
3.0
4.1
5.1
8.4
7.3
1.2
4.7
4.4
4.4
Represents zero.
766
Z
Less than $50,000.
6.0
1.9
1.9
562
563
564
1.2
.3
.1
.1
.2
2.7
1.2
.5
.4
.2
1832.
1831.
1830.
1829.
1828.
4.6
3.7
7.5
7.0
7.8
2.9
2.2
5.1
3.7
4.0
1.7
1.5
2.4
3.2
3.7
4.2
3.0
6.1
5.2
6.0
.1
.1
.5
.8
.7
.4
.7
1.0
.9
1.0
1827.
5.6
4.0
2.7
2.5
2.8
2.3
1.5
1.5
1.8
2.2
3.3
2.5
1.2
.7
.7
4.3
3.0
2.2
1.9
2.4
.4
.3
.4
.6
.4
.9
.8
.1
2.7
1.6
1.1
.8
.7
2.3
1.3
.8
.6
.6
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
2.2
1.3
.8
.7
.6
.4
.3
.3
.1
.2
.1
1826.
1816.
.5
14.3
13.6
12.3
1.8
561
West
4.4
2.9
2.9
3.9
4.9
1822.
1821.
1820.
1819.
8.8
.6
560
South
4.3
2.6
1.5
1.6
2.6
.7
1.9
559
Northeast
3.9
1.8
2.0
2.8
2.7
1.0
.8
.6
1.1
9.8
Private
8.2
4.4
3.5
4.4
5.3
.6
2.6
State
1837.
1836.
1835.
1834.
1833.
1825.
1824.
1823.
1.0
3.1
11.7
Total
1818.
1817.
1815.
(Z)
(Z)
.2
Chapter Q
Air Transportation (Series Q 565-637)
Q 565-637.
General note.
Only scattered data on air transportation are available for years
before 1926. Regular collection of national statistics began with the
establishment in that year of an Aeronautics Branch in the Department of Commerce. In 1934 a Bureau of Air Commerce was organized in that department;. The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938
created the Civil Aeronautics Authority, an independent regulatory
agency, which was reorganized in 1940 into 2 separate entities, the
Civil Aeronautics Board and the Civil Aeronautics Administration.
In 1958, the latter's functions were transferred to the Federal Aviation
Agency, which in turn was made a part of the Department of Transportation in 1966 and renamed the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA). The F A A ' s annual Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviation is
the source for the statistics presented here.
Federal promotion and regulation of civil aviation are carried out
by the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Federal Aviation Administration. The Board issues certificates permitting persons to engage
in air transportation as a business, fixes air mail rates which they may
charge, and may establish maximum and minimum rates for transportation of passengers and goods. The responsibility for investigation of aviation accidents, formerly held by the Civil Aeronautics
Board, now (1975) resides with the National Transportation Safety
Board of the Department of Transportation.
The principal activities of the Federal Aviation Administration are:
Controlling the use of navigable airspace; prescribing regulations
dealing with the competence of airmen, airworthiness of aircraft, and
aircraft control; operation of air route traffic control centers, airport
traffic control towers, and flight service stations; the design, construction, maintenance, and inspection of navigation, traffic control,
and communications equipment for the airways; and promotion of
air safety.
These agencies publish annual operational data on the use of airway
facilities; data related to the location of airmen, aircraft, and airports;
the activity volume in the field of non-air carrier (general aviation)
flying; and aircraft production and registration.
Statistics of domestic scheduled airline operations cover trunk airlines, local service airlines, helicopter carriers, and territorial airlines
except those operating in Alaska. Scheduled intrastate airlines are
not included anywhere, nor are those operating locally in Alaska.
Statistics of international scheduled airline operations include not
only operations to and from foreign countries but overseas operations
to American possessions. They also include the service of Northwest
Airlines and Pan American World Airways between the United States
and Alaska. Some companies operate in both the domestic and the
international fields, but the statistics are segregated.
Operations of scheduled carriers of cargo only are generally not
included.
Q 565-576.
Aircraft production and exports, 1913-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical
Handbook of Aviation, various annual issues (including, in some cases,
subsequent revisions).
There is no aircraft production in Alaska or Hawaii.
Q 577-590. Scheduled air transportation, domestic and international,
1926-1970.
Source: See source for series Q 565-576.
The term certificated route air carrier refers to air carriers holding
certificates of public convenience and necessity, issued by the Civil
Aeronautics Board, authorizing the performance of scheduled air
transportation over specified routes and a limited amount of nonscheduled operations. Certificated route air carriers are often
referred to as "scheduled airlines," although they also perform nonscheduled service. Nonscheduled service comprises revenue flights
that are not operated in regular scheduled service, such as charter
flights, and all nonrevenue flights incident to such flights. Scheduled
service is transport service operated over an air carrier's certificated
routes, based on published flight schedules, including extra sections
and related nonrevenue flights.
For series Q 579, the figures are for "route mileage operated" from
the beginning of the series through 1961. Thereafter, they represent
the total route miles for passenger/cargo and all-cargo carriers, reported separately in the source.
Series Q 589, average available seats, was derived by dividing passenger seat-miles by revenue miles flown in passenger service.
Q 591-603.
Scheduled airline revenues and expenses, 1938-1970.
Source: See source for series Q 565-576.
Q 604-623.
Airports, aircraft, pilots, and miles flown, 1926-1970.
Source: See source for series Q 565-576.
Figures for airports and landing fields, series Q 604-605, include
civil, military, and FAA (formerly CAA) fields but exclude seaplane
facilities prior to 1953. Growth of airports after 1940 was stimulated
by Federal defense expenditures during World War II and by the
Federal-aid airport program thereafter.
Estimates of the number of certificated pilots, series Q 607-610,
refer to persons certificated by F A A in the various classifications.
Some may not have been actively engaged in the classification for
which they were certificated. The count of certificated pilots after
1941 is not directly comparable with the previous years as the Civil
Aeronautics Regulations were amended to permit pilot certificates
currently effective on April 1, 1942, to continue in effect indefinitely.
This amendment expired on July 1,1947. The number of commercial
pilots, series Q 609, rose sharply after 1944 because the CAA awarded
many veterans commercial certificates on the basis of their military
flying experience. The number of private pilots, series Q 610, increased sharply after 1939 because of the federally subsidized civilian
pilot training program which was initiated in 1939. It gave preliminary training to hundreds of thousands of men who went into the
military service. Miles flown, series Q 614-618, includes business
flying (by corporate executives or employees or by individuals, including farmers, on personal business), commercial flying (contract,
charter, crop-dusting, photographic, etc.), instructional flying,
pleasure flying, and other flying (testing, experimental, ferrying, Civil
Air Patrol, etc.). Separate data on these five categories are given
in the source.
Q 624-637.
Air transportation accidents, 1927-1970.
Source: 1927-1962, see source for series Q 565-576; 1963-1970,
U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board, Handbook of Airline Statistics, 1971.
An aircraft accident is considered to be any occurrence, while the
aircraft is operating as such, which results in fatal or serious injury
767
TRANSPORTATION
Q 565-576
to persons or appreciable damage to the aircraft. The aircraft is
considered to be "operating as such" from the time the engine is
started for purposes of flight until the flight is completed; in the case
of gliders, while they are under tow or gliding.
Series Q 565-576.
Propeller accidents to persons are included. A collision between
two or more aircraft is counted as one accident.
Data include military contract operations for 1956-1970 but not
for earlier years. Scheduled cargo carriers are included for 19491970, but not for earlier years.
Aircraft Production and Exports: 1913 to 1970
Exports 2
Number of aircraft produced
Aircraft exported 8
Civil
Total
565
For
U.S.
Military
566
Total
Transports
567
568
General aviation
Total
Singleengine
Multiengine
Rotorcraft
Value
of all
products 1
(11,000)
Value
($1,000)
Number
575
8,190
13,600
14,969
14,479
16,397
313
509
702
500
322
7,381
12,581
13,749
13,536
15,723
6,029
10,193
11,479
11,530
13,226
1,352
2,388
2,270
2,006
2,497
496
510
518
443
352
13,466,000
12,764,000
13,850,000
11,894,000
8,725,000
2,383
3,322
3,682
3,881
3,611
1,316,041
1,235,336
1,403,930
787,682
553,908
221
158
80
146
180
12,053
9,459
7,628
6,797
6,943
10,023
7,812
6,317
5,765
5,980
2,030
1,647
1,311
1,032
372
450
413
306
291
7,057,000
6,431,000
5,617,000
5,900,000
5,842,000
3,129
2,577
2,251
2,131
2,459
482,236
287,345
244,101
323,340
334,790
9,053
1,639
12,646
10,067
8,121
7,249
7,414
10,324
11,227
11,117
12,419
13,307
2,143
2,985
4,235
5,614
6,102
8,181
8,242
6,882
6,805
7,205
238
262
218
322
205
7,726
7,802
6,478
6,173
6,765
6,438
6,785
5,609
5,250
5,715
1,288
1,017
869
923
1,050
217
178
186
310
235
6,429,000
7,134,000
(5)
(»)
(s)
2,336
1,628
1,689
2,025
1,711
537,133
152,984
204,051
248,943
171,097
12,852
12,129
14,760
12,811
7,923
8,032
8,740
10,626
9,302
5,446
4,820
3,389
4,134
3,509
2,477
113
191
213
194
74
4,563
3,072
3,811
3,247
2,386
3,755
2,717
3,681
3,137
2,337
808
355
130
110
49
144
126
110
68
17
( ss)
(«)
1,714
1,053
1,377
1,180
894
129,924
102,736
91,003
26,620
18,606
6,293
6,137
9,838
17,739
36,418
2,773
2,592
2,536
2,122
1,417
3,520
3,545
7,302
15,617
35,001
129
166
263
278
433
3,391
3,319
7,039
15,339
34,568
(*)
( ss )
( )
756
881
2,259
3,125
2,302
44,287
27,165
66,354
74,477
65,258
48,912
95,272
85,433
47,675
26,289
46,865
95,272
85,433
47,675
19,445
2,047
' 6,844
«8,279,000
«16,047,000
«12,514,000
•5,817,000
•1,804,000
7,599
16,544
13,865
10,448
6,001
663,129
1,589,801
1,215,848
879,995
422,764
12,813
5,856
3,623
3,773
3,010
6,028
2,195
1,800
949
1,141
»6,785
3,661
1.823
2.824
1,869
»370,000
247,905
198,293
114,093
78,149
3,522
1,220
875
628
527
196,261
67,113
37,977
21,076
1,710
1,615
1,324
1,396
2,800
459
437
466
593
812
1,251
1,178
858
803
1,988
42,506
43,892
33,357
34,861
48,540
333
490
406
280
140
6,599
8,195
5,391
4,359
1,813
3,437
6,193
4,346
1,995
1,186
747
677
1,219
621
532
2,690
5,516
3,127
1,374
654
60,846
91,051
64,662
30,897
17,695
321
348
162
63
50
4,820
5,485
1,760
849
303
789
377
743
263
437
447
317
687
226
389
342
56
37
48
12,775
(NA)
13,142
(NA)
7,431
80
59
48
37
48
511
413
309
157
315
328
780
14,020
2,148
411
256
682
13,991
2,013
142
72
98
29
135
269
(NA)
14,373
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
65
85
20
135
269
598
778
206
1,002
2,158
178
49
43
26
15
14
152
34
29
(NA)
790
152
34
29
958
189
82
-
768
~«(>)
60
Represents zero.
NA Not available.
Value of aircraft, engines, parts, parachutes, etc. For 1959-1970, represents net
sales value of "complete aircraft and parts" plus "aircraft engines and parts."
2 1913-1918, fiscal years; 1919-1957, calendar years.
Data for the second half of 1918
are included with calendar year 1919.
8 Exclusive of gliders and barrage balloons.
1949-1954, civil aircraft only.
< Total value of aircraft, engines, parts, etc. Prior to 1922, engine values were not reported separately but were probably included with either "other" internal combustion
engines or with "parts" of aircraft. Values for parachutes and their parts have been
included only since 1932.
1
(5)
(s)
11,601
Comparable data not available.
Values are for military aircraft produced in the United States only. These data
were computed by the War Production Board in terms of August 1943 unit cost. The
values are not meant to measure output at current prices or expenditures. The
1940 figure is only for the second half of that year; the 1945 figure covers only the
first 8 months.
7 Represents domestic civil only; data on new aircraft produced for export not
available.
5
6
AIR TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 577-590.
Q 577-590
Scheduled Air Transportation, Domestic and International: 1926 to 1970
[As of December 31 or for years ending December 31. All data reflect scheduled operations exclusively. Domestic data include intra-Alaska carriers beginning 1941 for series
Q 586 and Q 587; 1948 for series Q 580 and Q 585; 1949 for series Q 582; and 1961 for series Q 581]
Year
Number
of
operators
Aircraft
Average
Revenue
Route passengermileage
revenue
Persons
miles
in operper
employed
flown
ation
passenger(1,000)
mile
580
578
581
Revenue passengers
carried
Duplicated 1
(1,000)
582
Ton-miles flown
Revenue
passengermiles
Undupliflown
Express
cated 3
(millions)
and
Mail
(1,000)
freight
(1,000)
(1,000)
584
585
Average
Fuel
consumed, available
seats
gasoline
(mil. gal.)
588
589
DOMESTIC
1970
196 9
1968...
1967
1966-..
33
33
38
39
40
2,437
2,423
2,317
2,194
2,027
171,615
150,431
125,581
119,768
111,488
$0.0587
.0590
.0561
.0564
.0583
242,206
255,386
244,742
223,380
196,298
2,013,484
2,000,269
1,715,857
1,462,240
1,178,458
153,408
168,405
145,774
128,479
105,789
104,156
102,717
87,508
75,487
60,591
1,966,009
1,916,472
1,578,992
1,314,409
1,108,691
705,711
801,416
564,084
405,352
291,277
27
113
223
332
110.4
109.8
100.8
94.4
91.2
196 5
196 4
1963
196 2
1961
40
40
40
40
41
1,896
1,863
1,832
1,831
1,867
114,110
115,147
114,089
112,944
102,309
.0606
.0612
.0617
.0644
.0628
169,962
153,243
143,112
138,673
136,987
1,088,112
957,575
888,793
827,694
795,165
92,073
79,139
69,366
60,738
56,900
51,887
44,141
38,457
33,623
31,062
943,128
743,963
603,725
554,599
454,142
225,992
189,782
174,439
166,801
150,452
448
507
554
696
743
89.2
86.1
83.4
79.4
72.9
196 0
195 9
195 8
195 7
195 6
42
39
39
40
40
1,594
1,596
1,546
1,494
1,347
101,414
95,063
89,569
88,325
84.189
.0609
.0588
.0664
.0531
.0533
133,717
132,042
119,746
119,333
103,489
820,756
841,925
784,200
791,265
694,050
56,352
54,955
48,297
48,761
41,738
30,567
29,308
25,375
25,379
22,399
386,933
344,728
294,018
268,791
247,255
135,923
120,308
107,018
100,218
94,523
922
1,142
1,188
1,165
1,005
65
58.7
55.8
53.7
52.4
1955195 4
195 3
1952
195 1
42
43
44
46
49
1,212
1,175
1,139
1,078
981
78,992
78,294
78,384
77,894
78,913
.0536
.0541
.0546
.0557
.0561
95,548
84,765
84,651
79,687
72,898
627,336
556,880
525,374
465,477
411,878
38,025
32,343
28,721
25,010
22,652
19,852
16,802
14,794
12,559
10,590
229,966
189,765
179,063
162,047
144,790
88,751
82,768
74,106
70,443
64,734
912
776
692
588
(NA)
51.2
50.1
46.1
42.7
39.6
195 0
1949
1948
1947
1946
52
51
39
27
23
960
913
878
810
674
77,440
72,667
68,702
62,215
53,981
.0554
.0576
.0574
.0505
.0463
61,903
59,886
60,416
58,998
69,182
369,826
355,501
338,217
325,054
309,889
17,345
15,081
13,168
12,890
12,213
8,007
6,752
5,976
6,105
5,945
152,223
123,603
102,360
64,637
38,590
47,740
41,889
38,198
33,086
32,969
418
375
332
294
236
37.5
35.0
32.4
30.0
25.3
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
19
18
18
19
19
421
288
204
186
370
48,516
47,384
42,537
41,596
45,163
.0495
.0534
.0535
.0527
.0504
50,313
31,198
29,654
26,910
19,223
208,969
138,732
105,355
111,341
134,406
3,849
6,576
4,046
3,020
3,137
* 3,464
3,360
2,177
1,632
1,418
1,385
22,175
16,974
15,618
11,896
5,257
65,103
51,146
36,067
21,167
13,108
135
90
65
69
82
19.7
19.1
18.3
17.9
17.5
1940.
1939
1938
1937
1936
19
42,757
5 36,654
»34,879
32,006
29,797
.0507
.0510
.0518
.056
.057
15,984
«10,639
69,008
7,586
7,079
110,101
82,925
68,610
66,791
64,307
2,803
1,735
1,197
985
932
12,523
« 1,561
* 1,077
4 887
1,052
683
480
412
'439
3,476
2,713
2,182
2,162
1,866
10,118
8,611
66
s 16
22
24
369
6 276
6 260
291
280
7,449
6,698
5,741
47
38
34
31
16.5
14.7
13.9
12.5
10.7
1935
1934
19331932
1931
26
24
25
32
39
363
423
418
456
490
29.190
28,609
28,283
28,956
30,857
.057
.059
.061
.061
.067
5,945
4,201
4,369
4,020
4,314
55,918
41,526
49,256
45,894
43,109
679
475
502
476
472
'316
' 190
'175
' 127
'107
1,098
» 597
•423
• 290
•221
4,133
2,237
"2,568
11 2,701
» 3,140
27
19
22
20
16
10.3
8.9
7.6
1930
1929
1928
1927
1926
43
38
34
18
13
497
442
268
30,293
.083
2,778
1,958
1,496
32,645
22,729
10,528
5,856
4,318
8 385
' 85
«101
•70
9 59
»13
s 18
.12
.11
.106
.12
12
8
8
8
8
8 162
8 48
6.6
12
6
2
1
1
•1
INTERNATIONAL
197 0
1969_
1968_
1967
196 6
205,666
193,554
163,534
158,823
156,745
.0500
.0496
.0495
.0501
.0516
48,520
53,954
50,283
46,510
42,398
369,870
369,476
408,136
350,719
285,711
16,260
13,493
16,407
14,020
12,272
27,563
22,703
26,451
23,259
19,298
942,008
936,554
927,250
796,964
721,609
548,845
463,099
679,357
560,402
452,635
92
9
18
31
154.9
121.9
135.6
132.2
129.3
196 5
1964_
196 3
1962_
196 1
152.293
154,096
153.294
153,219
138,668
.0529
.0545
.0582
.0587
.0608
36,882
34,695
32,327
30,400
29,506
247,766
214,375
192,140
171,500
161,297
10,847
9,381
8,037
7,079
6,112
16,789
14,352
11,905
10,138
8,769
597,324
394,681
296,404
264,729
217,164
254,093
180,991
181,257
172,017
144,804
41
46
61
91
128
129.1
127.2
124.8
118.7
108.7
196 0
195 9
195 8
195 7
1956
174
173
185
170
196
148,303
139,820
140,105
133,884
113,694
.0635
.0629
.0646
.0655
.0668
29,054
28,648
27,404
27,857
28,014
162,634
172,143
172,713
161,571
151,806
5,904
5,341
4,773
4,552
3,949
8,306
7,064
6,124
5,882
5,226
191,585
159,349
133,958
128,239
116,172
103,335
81,997
75,635
66,894
64,355
205
333
330
325
275
89.9
67.6
64.4
61.4
59.0
195 5
195 4
1953_
195 2
195 1
147
161
161
149
140
117,282
112,488
111,826
110,465
108,763
.0666
.0676
.0684
.0701
.0710
26,655
24,776
24,741
24,385
22,855
135,441
120,322
114,153
106,158
98,703
3,416
2,875
2,699
2,365
2,042
4,499
3,810
3,451
3,066
2,614
96,378
86,840
79,579
75,706
71,665
61,233
43,554
31,630
28,201
27,089
258
205
189
182
(NA)
56.4
56.7
52.3
49.1
46.4
See footnotes at end of table.
769
Q 577-603
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 577-590.
Year
Scheduled Air Transportation, Domestic and International: 1926 to 1970—Con.
Number
of
operators
Aircraft
577
578
Route
mileage
579
Average
passengerrevenue
Persons
per
employed
passengermile
Revenue
miles
flown
(1,000)
682
681
680
Revenue
Ton-miles flown
passen- Revenue
gers
passengercarried,
miles
undupliflown
Express
cated 8
(millions)
and
Mail
(1,000)
freight
(1,000)
(1,000)
584
585
586
587
Fuel
Average
consumed, available
gasoline
seats
(mil. gal.)
589
Average
speed
(m.p.h.)
590
INTERNATIONAL—Con.
1950.
1949.
1948.
1947.
1946.
160
177
175
154
147
106,401
109,011
105,853
95,503
66,419
.0728
.0772
.0801
.0777
.0831
20,883
21,108
24,192
26,164
27,372
94,626
105,119
98,053
86,481
59,376
1,676
1,520
1,373
1,360
1,041
2,214
2,060
1,894
1,814
1,104
60,588
56,190
45,603
32,904
15,096
26,228
24,410
20,664
15,503
8,165
154
143
123
103
60
41.0
36.6
35.1
35.2
27.2
218
207
199
191
166
1945.
1944_
1943.
1942.
1941.
97
70
70;
68
83
38,885
29,708
27,211
(NA)
(NA)
.0868
.0783
.0794
.0886
.0861
17,968
11,409
9,625
12,803
7,236
32,609
22,273
18,458
18,681
14,410
476
341
279
269
229
450
312
246
237
163
8,728
6,215
5,096
4,772
2,630
2,763
25
16
14
17
11
18.9
18.5
17.6
17.7
18.0
151
149
1940.
1939.
1938.
1937.
1936.
68
84
73
92
94
52,322
43,455
34,968
31,979
31,990
.0883
.0857
.0833
6,067
5.275
4,266
4,000
2,916
9,652
7,607
7,043
7,909
6,904
163
129
109
•112
8 88
100
72
53
'54
'42
9
9
8
7
7
18.3
17.7
16.9
19351934.
1933.
19321931.
101
99
86
108
100
31,261
22,192
19,404
19,574
19,643
2,407
2.276
1,926
1,690
1,353
7,950
7,539
5,857
5,278
4,537
8
111
97
74
72
59
'46
'37
'25
'14
6
6
4
4
3
1930.
1929.
1928.
1927.
1926-
103
83
57
19,256
697
387
4,301
2,413
146
14
8 33
8 11
'19
2
('»)
NA Not available.
1 Figures for 1961-1970 for domestic airlines are for total aircraft in service, domestic
and international.
2 Duplication exists where (a) the same passengers were carried on more than 1
route of an air carrier; and (b) where the same passengers were carried by more than
1 air carrier.
8 Duplication has been eliminated where the same passengers were carried on more
than 1 route of an air carrier, but still exists where the same passengers were carried
by more than 1 air carrier.
< Computed by CAA from reports of duplicated revenue passengers.
Series Q 591-603.
8
8
8
8
'21
1
»1
Excludes Marine Airlines.
Excludes Colonial and Marine Airlines.
' Includes nonrevenue passenger-miles flown.
8 Includes nonrevenue passengers.
> Excludes Colonial Airlines, Inc., and Hawaiian Airlines, Ltd.
18 Excludes 224,236 ton-miles flown by U.S. Army.
11 Excludes Colonial Airlines, Inc.
12 Includes employees of Pan American Airways.
18 Included with domestic air transportation.
6
8
Scheduled Airline Revenues and Expenses: 1938 to 1970
[In thousands of dollars]
Operating expenses
Operating revenues
Aircraft
Year
Total
Passenger
Mail
(including
subsidy)
Express
and
freight
Excess
baggage
Other
Total
Total
Flying
Direct
maintenance
flight
equipment
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
7,180,938
6,613,425
6,297,594
4,475,594
3,589,659
4,005,322
3,702,356
2,948,964
2,501,951
2,007,928
2,119,362
1,947,738
1,605,477
1,229,479
974,179
1,135,808
1,057,917
911,297
831,715
680,413
Depreciation
flight
equipment
601
Ground
and
indirect
expense
602
DOMESTIC
760,162
696,701
632,190
440,757
353,336
3,175,616
2,911,069
2,348,630
1,978,643
1,681,731
1970
1969
196 8
1967.
1966 2
7,180,121
6,936,606
6,607,054
4,886,572
4,070,323
6,246,416
5,943,446
4,911,881
4,260,000
3,534,335
206,679
224,120
186,654
170,180
161,796
498,322
462,139
343,392
287,254
251,344
12,134
11,699
8,943
7,236
5,954
216,570
294,202
157,184
161,902
116,894
1965 2
1964 2
1963 2 __
1962 2
1961 2
3,608,506
3,094,628
2,722,464
2,497,900
2,245,495
3,142,048
2,701,111
2,374,392
2,167,476
1,951,491
167,626
149,122
142,775
139,461
129,589
219,612
181,396
152,414
136,947
114,500
12,041
16,674
17,473
19,661
20,399
77,280
46,325
35,410
85,366
29,514
3,165,073 1,810,851
2,777,925 1,614,993
2,679,821 1,539,303
2,407,935 1,448,288
2,244,237 1,362,055
854,650
755,846
698,696
659.186
633.187
639,942
580,092
523,111
496,408
445,859
316,259 1,364,222
279,055 1,162,932
317,496 1,040,618
959,646
292,744
882,183
283,009
196 0
196 9
1958
1957
1956 8 *
2,129,311
1,955,116
1,636,231
1,530,228
1,359,480
1.860.369
1,722,491
1,432,207
1,347,530
1.193.370
113,123
94,998
81,814
74,734
66,558
102,766
91,235
77,622
68,591
64,004
21,865
21,362
19,490
18,644
15,175
31,688
25,030
25,098
20,729
20,373
2,091,423
1,848,332
1,538,700
1,488,973
1,258,423
1,043,016
932,907
786,406
780,401
637,082
600,840
561,399
474,654
469,687
371,623
267,788
230,404
186,690
176,099
168,490
184,388 1,048,407
151,104
915,425
125,062
752,294
134,715
708,572
96,969
621,341
<1,201,266 1,060,690
<1,042,793
906,840
<937,482
803,869
<817,680
695,456
<702,365
591,187
55,536
65,726
64,484
58,887
57,422
61,102
49,901
47,791
42,828
36,914
12,168
10,631
8,704
7,348
6,069
11,856 1,077,122
10,680
<941,682
12,622 <850,448
13,152
<723,409
10,733 <595,363
551,626
487,376
438,088
361,464
287,942
323,220
279,971
253,091
208,665
173,023
135,487
110,299
102,401
92,696
71,687
1955..
1954...
1953...
1952
196 1
See footnotes at end of table.
770
92,919
97,106
82,696
60,103
43,232
526,493
454,200
412,356
361,939
307,421
Q 577-590
AIR TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 591-603.
Scheduled Airline Revenues and Expenses: 1938 to 1970—Con.
[In thousands of dollars]
Operating revenues
Operating expenses
Aircraft
Year
Total
Passenger
Mail
(including
subsidy)
Express
and
freight
Excess
baggage
Other
Total
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
Total
Flying
598
599
Direct
maintenance
flight
equipment
Depreciation
flight
equipment
600
601
Ground
and
indirect
expense
602
DOMESTIC—Con.
195 0
194 9
1948
194 7
1946
557,803
486,034
434,295
364,840
316,233
444,506
388,931
343,290
308,576
275,594
63,788
59,333
59,309
29,445
20,982
35,122
27,987
24,372
19,378
13,620
5,077
4,452
3,953
3,572
2,993
9,310
5,331
3,371
3,869
3,044
494,645
461,733
431,634
386,199
322,219
241,060
223,193
199,991
169,165
129,250
141,816
127,398
109,636
88,840
70,410
57,841
54,028
49,035
42,903
33,273
41,403
41,767
41,320
37,422
25,567
253,585
238,540
231,643
217,034
192,969
214,743
160,928
123,105
108,249
97,311
166,520
116,441
87,481
74,819
69,791
33,694
33,317
24,213
23,470
22,696
10,835
8,306
8,382
6,978
2,919
2,298
2,031
1,720
1,260
766
1,397
833
1,309
1,722
1,139
180,626
124,522
95,563
84,366
89,919
69,223
45,150
84,613
36,392
44,932
43,421
28,238
20,739
21,866
27,392
16,393
11,893
9,132
8,664
9,789
9,409
5,019
4,742
5,862
7,761
111,403
79,372
60,950
47,974
44,987
76,864
55,948
42,845
53,308
34,844
24,861
20,090
18,482
15,798
2,078
1,619
1,278
551
346
283
837
657
625
5 70,897
s 51,392
6 43,865
35,179
26,294
24,987
22,093
15,809
14,737
7,496
5 651
5,345
5,590
4,834
4,905
35,028
24,692
18,878
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966 2
1,913,592
1,689,387
1,958,327
1,769,682
1,474,480
1,380,388
1,176,349
1,309,173
1,165,862
995,185
110,197
99,041
135,904
145,051
131,804
197,031
185,502
185,866
163,558
149,529
15,109
14,232
15,823
13,419
14,092
210,867 1,894,391
214,263 1,638,275
311,571 1,746,831
281,792 1,496,540
183,865 1,220,894
944,148
832,503
920,029
792,026
634,423
515,182
456,431
495,035
424,135
329,427
241,077
219,053
244,024
211,874
181,475
187,889
157,019
180,970
156,017
123,521
950,243
805,772
826,802
704,514
586.471
1965 2 . . .
1964 *
1963 2
1962 2 . . .
19612
1,199,403
1,027,916
920,303
810,446
722,390
887,335
781,649
692,801
595,221
533,159
82,158
71,321
73,989
70,368
59,527
131,119
100,296
80,378
71,252
63,265
13,481
11,149
11,665
10,334
9.570
85,310
63,501
61,470
63,269
56,869
1,001,362
896,187
799,462
723,853
698,685
508,710
471,764
430,073
398,881
400,537
262,597
238,427
216,834
193,422
186,561
146,043
145,186
117,729
113,602
109,493
100,070
88,151
95,610
91,357
104,483
492,651
424,423
369,389
325.472
298,148
1960.
1959
1958
1957
1956 8
684,672
592,226
530,881
508,827
471,160
527,568
444,618
395,604
385,183
349,019
47,544
40,469
37,962
32,895
39,320
58,802
51,877
45,420
42,879
38,292
10,136
8,845
8,963
9,228
8,271
40,622
46,417
42,932
38,642
36,258
639,477
573,653
519,604
480,495
436,257
303,953
281,988
259,825
241,820
211,783
179,712
170,391
163,516
150,763
132,529
58,392
57,522
47,859
44,828
47,634
65,849
54,075
48,450
46,229
31,620
335,524
291,665
259,779
238,675
224,474
1955
1954 i .
1953
1952
195 1
385,157
359,491
<337,711
<315,141
287,936
295,442
254,653
232,867
212,581
184,692
27,221
49,191
53,746
51,532
63,213
32,013
29,784
27,385
26,910
25,245
7,385
6,997
5,248
4,822
3,809
23,093
18,866
18,454
19,290
20,977
366,562
333,337
318,489
304,423
269,865
171,427
157,728
151,308
146,965
129,221
108,954
99,044
91,751
87,442
75,102
34,867
30,856
32,827
33,043
29,866
27,606
27,828
26,730
26,480
24,263
195,135
175,610
167,178
157,456
140,644
195 0
194 9
1948
1947...
194 6
260,131
274,155
249,234
209,009
146,754
160,672
158,480
151,338
140,652
91,417
55,689
75,197
57,331
32,300
25,061
21,664
22,127
20,809
17,526
11,413
3,244
4,178
4,135
4,3
3,296
18,862
14,173
15,621
14,143
15,567
248,323
252,863
235,287
209,294
139,843
122,776
122,334
110,993
93,766
52,045
70,980
72,347
67,163
53,189
32,027
26,158
26,311
24,241
21,997
11,064
25,638
23,676
19,589
18,580
8,954
125,547
130,529
124,294
115,528
87,798
1945...
1944
194 3
194 2
194 1
69,111
38,882
32,839
40,870
37,990
38,859
24,287
19,334
20,971
14,021
12,246
2,889
3,624
9,039
15,473
7,316
5,405
4,401
4,319
1,475
1.571
1,066
80S
936
382
9,120
5,235
4,677
5,605
6,639
61,765
39,227
32,079
35,223
35,309
22,918
13,353
11,992
15,297
8,471
8,074
5,199
3,030
2,174
2,422
1,852
1,744
38,84 7
25,874
20,087
1940
193 9
1938
26,922
19,653
15,153
8,812
6,156
4,435
13,439
11,066
8,599
893
613
562
306
237
219
3,472
1,581
25,666
18,201
14,303
194 5
1944
194 8
1942
194 1
—
194 0
1939...
193 8
INTERNATIONAL
* Denotes first year for which figures include Intra-Alaskan and Intra-Hawaiian
carriers.
1 Minus sign denotes loss.
2 Items of aircraft operating expense are not comparable with prior years and include
items of ground and indirect expenses as follows: (a) direct maintenance flight equipment (series Q600) also includes direct maintenance ground equipment, and indirect
maintenance; (b) depreciation flight equipment (series Q 601) also includes other depreciation and amortization expenses; (c) ground and indirect expense (series Q 602)
includes only those expenses chargeable to general services and administration.
8 Operating expenses for 1956 are not directly comparable with those for subsequent
l,f
years because of the revision in the Uniform System of Accounts and Reports put into
effect on January 1, 1967. The time period covered and the number of air carriers
involved precluded a full conversion to the new reporting system, and only limited
adjustments in data for 1956 were made by CAB.
4 Sum of the items does not agree with total due to rounding procedure.
5 Includes total operating expenses for Colonial Airlines, Inc., for which distribution
by type of expense was not available.
6 Excludes Colonial Airlines, Inc.
7 Excludes Midet Aviation Corporation due to inadequacies in reporting.
771
Q 604-613
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 604-623. Airports, Aircraft, Pilots, and Miles Flown: 1926 to 1970
[As of December 31 or for years ending December 31, except as noted.
Airports and landing fields 1
Year
Total
Lighted
604
605
Total
civil
aircraft 2
Includes Alaska, Hawaii, and outlying areas for all years]
Certificated airplane pilots 3
Federal aid to airports, cumulative
since 1947 (mil. dol.)
Total
Airline
transport
Commercial
Private
Total
funds
Federal
funds
Sponsor
funds
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
1970.
1969
1968
1967
1966
11,261
11,050
10,470
10,126
9,673
3,554
3,430
3,312
3,149
2,988
154,450
190,749
179,285
166,598
155,132
732,729
720,028
691,695
617,931
548,757
34,430
31,442
28,607
25,817
23,917
186,821
176,585
164,458
150,135
131,539
303,779
299,491
281,728
253,312
222,427
2,453
2,447
2,362
2,193
2,052
1,199
1,198
1,165
1,090
1,018
1,254
1,249
1,197
1,103
1,034
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961.
9,566
9,490
8,814
8,084
7,715
2,878
2,773
2,672
2,481
2,299
142,078
137,189
129,975
124,273
117,904
479,770
431,041
378,700
830,220
804,707
22,440
21,572
20,269
23,220
22,042
116,665
108,428
96,341
275,495
268,707
196,393
175,574
162,209
631,505
613,958
1,887
1,754
1,624
1,198
1.183
935
866
799
678
671
952
888
825
620
613
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
6,881
6.426
6,018
6,412
7,028
2,133
1,943
1,809
1,713
1,399
111,580
106,309
98,893
93,189
87,531
783,232
758,368
731.078
702,519
669.079
20,985
19,364
18,303
16,900
15,295
262,437
265,377
245,641
237,149
221,096
499,810
483,627
467,234
448,470
432.688
1.184
1,047
882
782
660
573
509
431
385
326
611
538
451
397
334
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
6,839
6,977
<6,760
6,042
6,237
1,247
1,108
* 1,050
1,858
(NA)
86,320
92,067
91,102
89,313
88,545
643,201
613,695
585,974
581,218
580,574
13,700
13,341
12,757
11,357
10,813
211,142
201,441
195,363
193,575
197,900
418,359
398,913
377,854
376,286
371,861
460
382
388
388
368
224
185
193
194
182
236
197
196
194
186
1950
1949
1948.
1947
1946
6,403
6,484
6,414
5,759
4,490
1,670
1,480
1,521
1,447
1,019
92,809
92,622
95,997
94,821
81,002
(NA)
525,174
• 491,306
6 433,241
400,061
(NA)
9,025
'7,762
•7,059
7,654
6 176,845
•181,912
203,251
(NA)
328,380
306,699
•244,270
189,156
342
277
216
142
165
133
103
68
177
144
112
74
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
4,026
3.427
2,769
2,809
2,484
1,007
964
859
700
662
37,789
27,919
27,180
27,170
26,013
296,895
183,383
173,206
166,626
129,947
5,815
3,046
2,315
2,177
1,587
162,873
68,449
63,940
55,760
34,578
128,207
111,888
106,951
108.689
93,782
1940
1939
1938.
1937
1936
2,331
2,280
2,374
2,299
2,342
776
735
719
720
705
17,928
13,772
11,159
10,836
9,229
69,829
33,706
22,983
17,681
15,952
1,431
1,197
1,159
1,064
842
18,791
11,677
7,839
6,411
7,288
49,607
20,832
13,985
10,206
7,822
1935
1934
1933
1932.
1931.
2,368
2,297
2,188
2,117
2,093
698
664
626
701
680
9,072
8,322
9,284
10,324
10,780
14,805
13,949
13,960
18,594
17,739
736
676
554
'330
7,362
7,484
7,635
7,967
8,613
6,707
5,789
5,771
10,297
9,226
1930
1929
1928
1927.
1926
1,782
1,550
1,364
1,036
640
9,818
9,922
5,104
2,740
15,280
10,430
4,887
1,572
7,847
6,165
7,433
4,265
See footnotes at end of table.
772
(NA)
187,769
5
A I R TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 604-623.
Airports, Aircraft, Pilots, and Miles Flown: 1926 to 1970—Con.
Estimated miles flown in civil flying other than
scheduled air carrier (millions)
Year
Q 614-623
Total
Business 8
Commercial9
Instructional
Personal
and other
614
615
616
617
618
Domestic air cargo, revenue
ton-miles flown 18 (millions)
Fuel
consumed
(general
aviation)
(mil. gal.)
Total
Scheduled
earners
619
620
621
Nonscheduled Supplemental
carriers n
carriers 12
622
623
1970
1969
1968
19671966
13
3,207
3,926
3,701
"3,440
U3.336
13
1,134
1,426
1,406
>3 1,431
"1,536
791
723
•3 666
"569
"516
450
910
"814
"713
"646
832
867
"814
13 727
"638
759
690
610
541
486
2,581
2,769
2,327
2,168
1,944
2,216
2,126
1,775
1,498
1,301
80
365
248
406
389
285
278
305
264
254
1965
1964
19631962
1961
132,562
2,181
"2,049
"1,965
"1,858
"1,204
«1,047
"983
" 935
"888
"461
"393
"369
«367
"333
"359
"284
"266
18 256
"203
"538
"458
"430
18 407
"434
378
307
"285
•8 264
"257
1,661
1,288
1,095
1,102
829
1,112
894
715
637
533
330
209
210
351
182
220
185
171
115
114
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
«1,769
"1,716
"1,660
1,426
"1,315
"881
"858
"847
721
"672
"299
"292
"299
249
"247
" 194
"223
"232
202
" 158
"395
"343
"282
254
"238
"246
"221
"209
213
"201
724
651
567
554
457
476
450
387
396
351
135
138
119
111
47
112
63
61
47
59
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
"1,216
1,119
1,045
972
975
"628
553
499
420
380
"246
226
210
218
190
"121
124
121
144
190
"222
216
216
190
215
"193
180
172
141
135
379
277
281
259
261
319
248
254
244
217
20
6
10
5
26
41
24
18
10
18
19501949
1948-1947-_.
1946
" 1,062
1,129
1,470
1,502
875
"340
309
299
228
122
" 181
166
143
150
108
"287
379
755
849
479
"255
275
273
275
166
"134
135
183
160
101
239
153
109
69
211
134
102
65
16
5
7
4
13
13
1942
1941
294
346
30
27
47
51
188
197
29
71
26
30
1940
1939-19381937
1936
264
178
129
103
93
26
25
19
16
12
32
34
26
23
25
126
66
46
35
30
80
52
39
30
27
23
17
10
11
11
1935 1934
1933
1932
1931
85
76
71
78
94
13
12
12
12
13
23
21
20
22
26
23
17
16
18
25
26
26
23
26
29
11
10
9
11
12
1930-1929-1928-_.
1927
1926
13
---
108
110
60
30
19
NA Not available.
1 Includes seaplane bases, heliports, and, beginning 1954, military fields having joint
civil-military use. Prior to 1954, all military fields are included.
8 1946-1962 includes gliders.
Beginning 1950, active and inactive aircraft.
3 Beginning 1963, data are for active certified airplane pilots only.
Also beginning 1963, total includes student, helicopter, glider, and other pilots, not
shown separately.
* As of Mar. 1, 1954.
« As of May 1, 1949.
«As of Apr. 1, 1948.
7 Airline transport rating became effective May 5, 1932.
8 Corporation and individual business transportation, not for hire.
14
14
8
4
2
9 Passenger and cargo transportation for hire, aerial application (crop dusting,
spraying, seeding, etc.), patrol, survey, and other miscellaneous work use.
10 Comprises express and freight ton-miles.
11 Includes some military ton-miles and may include a small amount of international
traffic.
12 Civil and military.
18 Estimated from information received on Aircraft Use and Inspection Reports.
u No survey was conducted.
Data for 1958-61 have been revised using a correction
factor based on the 1962 survey of aircraft use in general aviation. Data for 1963 are
based on hours and use reported on aircraft inspection reports adjusted by the same
correction factor.
16 The 1962 general aviation survey excluded gliders, dirigibles, and balloons.
These
data have been adjusted to include them.
773
Q 624-637
TRANSPORTATION
Series Q 624-637.
Air Transportation Accidents: 1927 to 1970
Domestic scheduled air carriers 1
Year
Total
accidents
Number of
fatal
accidents
Total
passengerfa talities
624
625
626
International scheduled air carriers 1
Plane- Passengermiles
fatalities
flown
per 100
million
per
fatal
passengeraccident
miles
(1,000)
flown 1
627
_
1970
1969
1968
1967...
1966
31
37
44
43
50
1
7
11
8
4
132
258
226
59
• 2,024,703
•287,246
•167,037
• 184,176
'297,369
1966
1964
1968..
1962
1961
56
45
39
35
66
6
6
4
5
6
205
106
48
158
124
1960
1969
1968
1967
1956
62
61
42
44
55
»10
9
4
4
4
1965
1954
1968
1952
1951
•45
* 49
37
44
46
8
4
6
6
11
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946...
39
36
56
44
33
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
1940.
1989
1988
1937
1936
628
Total
accidents
Number of
fatal
accidents
Total
passenger
fatalities
629
630
631
1
Plane- Passengermiles
fatalities
flown
per 100
million
per
fatal
passengeraccident
miles
flown
(1,000)
632
2 >390,630
—
(X)
47 >209,282
—
(X)
(X)
-
.3
.1
8
11
10
8
3
•183,152
•161,371
>224,180
• 166,660
>160,476
.4
.1
.1
.3
.4
8
8
10
8
>2
1
3
1
21 >254,687
94 > 73,636
73 •198,337
—
(X)
(X)
-
326 • 82,948
209 >94,619
114 >198,653
32 208,014
143 178,957
.9
.7
.4
.1
.6
5
6
12
7
3
2
1
2
1
10 >84,246
59 •178,667
10 •89,387
36 179,624
(X)
-
156
16
86
46
142
80,042
141,123
107,331
79,600
39,051
.8
.1
.6
.4
1.3
5
5
6
11
10
1
4
8
5
8
9
96
96
83
199
75
96,123
44,622
67,889
40,832
34,633
1.1
1.3
1.3
3.2
1.2
6
9
12
9
14
40
30
23
23
27
8
5
2
5
4
76
48
22
55
35
26,171
27,768
62,716
22,354
33,729
2.2
2.2
1.3
3.7
2.3
5
7
2
2
5
30
28
23
42
65
3
2
5
5
8
35
9
25
40
44
36,837
41,616
13,818
13,358
8,038
3.0
1.2
4.5
8.3
10.0
6
6
9
8
5
..
1
3
1
2
1935...
1934
1933
1932
1931
58
71
100
108
118
8
8
9
16
13
15
17
8
19
25
6,989
6,190
5,472
2,868
3,316
4.7
9.0
4.6
14.9
23.4
4
2
1
7
8
—
—
1930
1929
1928
1927
88
124
85
25
9
21
11
4
24
14
14
1
3,627
1,082
957
1,464
28.2
3
_
_
-
(Z)
.1
Represents zero.
X Not applicable.
Z Less than 1/10 of a person.
1 Includes scheduled revenue operators only.
* Rates computed on baBis of total passengers carried and passenger-miles flown,
revenue and nonrevenue. Applies to passenger-carrying service only. Excludes
passenger deaths occurring in dynamite /sabotage accidents; July 25,1957,1 passenger;
Jan. 6, 1960, 29 passengers; May 22, 1962, 37 passengers; May 7, 1964, 41 passengers.
3 Represents aircraft revenue-miles per fatal accident.
774
-
2
-
-
-
—
Non-air-carrier flying operations
2
—
144,921
(X)
59,250
36,275
102,534
633
(Z)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
(X)
Total
accidents
Fatal
accidents
Fatalities
Miles
flown
per fatal
accident
(1,000)
634
635
636
637
4,640
4,767
4,968
6,115
5,712
622
647
692
603
673
1,254
1,495
1,399
1,228
1,151
5,155
6,068
5,348
5,972
6,822
.1
.6
.6
5,196
5,070
4,690
4,840
4,626
538
504
482
430
426
1,029
1,056
893
857
761
4,762
4,327
4,250
4,568
4,361
.1
.8
.2
.6
4,793
4,576
4,584
4,200
3,474
429
450
384
438
356
787
823
717
800
669
4,122
3,813
4,323
3,256
3,693
.04
3,343
3,381
3,232
3,657
3,824
384
393
387
401
441
619
684
635
691
760
3,166
2,848
2,701
2,424
2,211
4,606
5,469
7,850
9,263
7,618
499
562
850
882
690
871
896
1,384
1,352
1,009
2,127
2,008
1,728
1,703
1,267
322
169
167
143
217
508
257
257
220
312
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2,063
1,695
.2
2
3
1
2
94
31
2
48
2
3
2
44
20
40
2
1
1
17
17
10
1
2
16,304
22,272
18,457
(X)
14,410
1.2
4,662
3,343
3,871
3,324
4,252
10
7
11
2
(X)
7,042
2,347
7,909
3,452
(X)
12.8
13.0
13.9
4.8
3,471
2,222
1,861
1,900
1,674
232
203
176
184
155
359
315
274
280
261
1,137
876
734
560
602
(X)
3,769
(X)
6,278
4,637
(X)
10.9
(X)
28.9
7.1
1,503
1,491
1,589
1,936
2,197
161
184
177
207
251
253
323
299
318
398
526
410
402
377
376
(X)
(X)
2,029
1,586
1,036
253
300
287
215
96
504
457
362
146
360
--
—
_
2
1
1
—
—
_
_
4
6
1
47,956
(X)
50,144
29,392
30,365
(X)
(X)
.1
3.0
1.1
2.1
1.0
1.1
3.5
3.7
5.3
3.9
* Midair collision, nonfatal to air-carrier occupants.
* Includes 2 midair collisions nonfatal to air-carrier occupants.
* Excludes sabotage disaster at Longmont, Colo., on Nov. 1, 1955 in which 5 crew
members and 39 passengers were fatally injured.
7 Includes 1 ground collision between 2 air-carrier aircraft, 1 in scheduled passenger
service and 1 in other revenue operations.
Chapter R
Communications
Telephone and Telegraph Systems (Series R 1-92)
R 1-92.
General note.
Among the primary sources of governmental historical statistics
relating to the telephone and telegraph industries are the following:
1. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Compendium of the Seventh
Census of the United States, 1850; Compendium of the Tenth Census
of the United States, 1880; Statistics of Manufactures, 1890, Census
Bulletin No. 196, June 1892.
2. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Quinquennial censuses of the
telephone and telegraph industry, 1902-1937: Bulletin No. 17,
Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902; Special Reports:
Telephones, 1907; Bulletin No. 102, Telegraph Systems: 1907;
Telephones and Telegraphs and Municipal Electric Fire-Alarm and
Police-Patrol Signaling Systems, 1912; Census of Electrical Industries: 1917, Telegraphs and Municipal Electric Fire-Alarm
and Police-Patrol Signaling Systems; Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones—1917, 1922, and 1927; Census of Electrical
Industries: Telegraphs-1917,1922,
and 1927; Census of Electrical
Industries: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1982 and 1937.
(Multiple
year titles represent different volumes for each year.)
3. U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission. Reports of telephone and telegraph carriers, 1914-1933:
a. Memorandum
Concerning Telephone Companies
and
Telegraph Companies Reporting to the Interstate Commerce Commission for the Years 1916 and 1917 (processed).
b. Annual Report on Telephone Companies, 1920-1927,
1928-1932, and 1933 (processed); Annual Report on Telegraph
Companies, 1926-1927, 1928 -1932, and 1933 (processed;.
4. U.S. Congress. Report on Communication
Companies
(Splawn Report), issued as House Report No. 1273, 73d Cong.,
2d sess. (1934) in connection with the consideration of the Communications Act of 1934. This report contains detailed data
from the carrier reports filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission and also the results of a questionnaire to the telephone,
telegraph, and radio industries for 1922-1932.
5. U.S. Federal Communications Commission. Reports of
telephone and telegraph companies filed monthly and annually
with that agency, 1934-1970. Selected data from these reports
have been issued either monthly or quarterly, and annually (in
processed form;, in the Commission's annual reports to Congress and beginning 1939, in the FCC's annual Statistics of the
Communications Industry in the United Stales.
6. U.S. Federal Communications Commission, Investigation
of the Telephone Industry in the United States, House Document
No. 340, 76th Cong., 1st sess. (1939). This report includes the
results of the Commission's investigation of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T). Page 609 of the
report refers to a number of staff reports, or exhibits, containing
more detailed statistical and other material prepared in connection with the investigation and issued in processed form. These
staff exhibits and reports are listed under the title, Special Investigation Docket No. 1.
7. Statistics for 1926-1934 obtained by the Federal Communications Commission from telephone and telegraph companies and designed to afford the F C C a basis for determining
whether carrier rates were just and reasonable and in enforcement of other statutory responsibilities. (The text of the tele-
phone inquiry appears in "Telephone Division Order No. 9,"
FCC, Reports, vol. 1, p. 49; the text of the telegraph inquiry is
in "Telegraph Division Order No. 12," FCC, Reports, vol. 1, p.
88. Responses are available to the public at the Commission.)
Other major sources of telephone and telegraph statistics are
the annual reports to stockholders by A T & T (Bell), the Western
Union Telegraph Company, and statistics of independent (i.e.,
non-Bell) telephone companies compiled and published by the
United States Independent Telephone Association.
A major factor affecting the statistics of the telephone and telegraph carriers has been the prescription of uniform systems of accounts
for these companies by the Interstate Commerce Commission and
by the Federal Communications Commission after its formation in
1934. The I C C prescribed a uniform system of accounts for telephone
companies having annual operating revenues exceeding $50,000,
effective January 1,1913, and for telegraph carriers, effective January
1,1914. The I C C issued more detailed accounting systems, effective
January 1, 1933, for Class A companies, and condensed classifications for Class B companies, effective January 1, 1934. The F C C
adopted a revised uniform system of accounts for Class A and Class B
telephone companies, effective January 1, 1937. The outstanding
change was a requirement that telephone plant be recorded in the
accounts at original cost, i.e., cost at time of first dedication to public
use. The FCC adopted a revised uniform system of accounts for
Class C telephone companies, effective January 1, 1939 (the earlier
ICC system had been established, effective January 1, 1915). The
F C C differentiates among Class A, B, and C companies on the basis
of operating revenues, which have had varying limits over the years.
The reporting authority of the FCC relates only to telephone and
telegraph carriers engaged in interstate and foreign communication
which cross State or national boundary lines over their own facilities
or through connection with facilities of an affiliated carrier having
such facilities. Thus, carriers filing reports with the F C C (with the
exception of a small number of companies filing voluntarily) exclude
a large number of small, and a few large, telephone companies.
R 1-45.
General note.
The Bell System provides the great bulk of local exchange and
interexchange or toll telephone facilities and service in the United
States. It includes the parent company of the Bell operating telephone companies, consolidated with "associated holding and operating
companies in the United States, not including connected independent
or sublicensee companies." The figures as presented are "statements
of the Bell Telephone business as a whole, eliminating all duplications
and showing the figures and results as 'if operated by a single company.' " The parent company has been American Telephone and
Telegraph Company since January 1, 1900; prior to that date it was
the American Bell Telephone Company. The number of companies
included within the Bell group has varied from time to time. In 1914,
approximately 35 companies were included and in 1915-1916 the
number increased to 39. Subsequent consolidations reduced the
number to 29 in 1920 and to 25, including Cincinnati Bell, Inc., and
Southern New England Telephone Company in 1970. Since 1936,
however, A T & T in its consolidated financial statements has excluded
these 2 large noncontrolled companies. For comparability with
previous years, however, the figures have been adjusted to include
775
R 1-16
COMMUNICATIONS
these 2 companies using reports filed by them with the FCC. "Bell
companies" and "Bell System" are at times used interchangeably
herein. Unless otherwise specified, the reference is to "Bell System."
Included in the Bell organization in 1970 were the following:
1. A T & T , which is the parent company.
2. 21 regional subsidiaries owned and controlled by A T & T ,
plus a subsidiary of one of these regional companies. These 22
Bell System principal telephone subsidiaries furnish exchange and
intrastate toll service, as well as interstate toll telephone service;
they constitute, with the parent, the Bell System of 1970.
3. Two other major companies, Cincinnati Bell, Inc. and
Southern New England Telephone Company, in which A T & T
has substantial minority interests. These 2 companies, together
with the 22 above, are referred to as the Associated Companies.
4. Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., a scientific research and
development organization, and Western Electric Company, Inc.,
which is the Bell manufacturing and supply organization.
In addition, a number of Bell Company affiliates have varying
degrees of stock interest in various other telephone companies. Data
for series R 1-30 relating to the Bell companies exclude operations
of Bell Telephone Laboratories and of Western Electric, except as
their operations affect operating expenses and miscellaneous income
of the Bell companies. Bell Telephone Laboratories operates on a
nonprofit basis and the profits of Western Electric on sales to the
Bell companies are not eliminated in the consolidated statements.
The historical growth of the Western Electric Company is described in the F C C Report...
on the Investigation of the Telephone
Industry...,
pp. 56-64. More recent data appear in the "Report
on Preliminary Survey and Investigation of Western Electric Company, Inc.," prepared by a committee of National Association of
Railroad and Utilities Commissioners and F C C representatives
(July 15, 1948, processed), and in annual supplements since 1948.
In 1970, AT&T's annual share of the net income of Western Electric
was over $253 million.
Independent companies are referred to as non-Bell companies,
although A T & T or Bell companies have financial interests in some
of them. The independents participate with Bell in providing toll
service, and have contractual arrangements with A T & T and the
Bell Associated companies.
R 1 and R 3 - 8 . Total telephones, Bell System telephones, and telephones of independent companies, 1876-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished
data; American Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished
data; and the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports: Telephones
and Telegraphs, 1902, table 2, for total telephones in 1880, 1890;
table 4, for total telephones in 1902; table 6, for Bell System telephones
in 1902; Telephones, 1907, table 51, for total telephones in 1907;
table 54, for Bell System telephones; Telephones and Telegraphs . . . ,
1912, table 1, for total telephones and Bell System telephones in
1912; p. 37 for telephones connecting with the Bell System; Telephones
and Telegraphs, 19S2, table A for total telephones in 1917, 1922,
1927, and 1932; table 12, for Bell System telephones in 1922, 1927,
and 1932; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1937, table 1, for total telephones and Bell System telephones in 1937.
The data for 1876-1934 (except census data) were taken from
F C C records consisting of Special Investigation Docket No. 1, "Report
on Control of Telephone Communications," vol. I l l , Exhibit 2096-D,
p. 11 (June 15, 1937, processed), and "Report on American Telephone
and Telegraph Company Corporate and Financial History," vol. I,
Exhibit 1360-A, pp. 115 and 150. The data for 1935-1956 were
supplied to F C C by A T & T ; substantially the same data are also
available in the A T & T annual reports to stockholders. The data
for 1957-1970 were supplied b y A T & T , compiled from annual reports
and unpublished data.
The number of telephones comprises the total number of instruments and extensions in the system. Telephones also include tele-
776
graph and teletypewriter stations through 1930 and private line
telephones through 1934, but not thereafter. Lines, basically for
internal use, on which outside calls to public phones cannot be placed
constitute private line telephones.
The households with telephones are based on census figures,
utilized b y A T & T in conjunction with the number of telephones in
residences.
R 2.
Telephones per 1,000 population, 1876-1970.
Source: 1876-1956, U.S. Federal Communications Commission,
unpublished data (except for census data). For census data and
1957-1970, see source for series R 1 and R 3 - 8 .
Annual figures are based on data supplied to FCC by A T & T .
R 9-12.
Average daily conversations, 1880-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished
data. Figures are based on data supplied to F C C by A T & T .
Generally, exchange service is telephone service within an exchange
area. A local call is defined as a call originating in and completed
within the same public exchange area; a toll call is one which originates
in one exchange destined to another exchange area, whether located
nearby or across the continent. In instances in which there is a high
community of interest between exchanges, accompanied by considerable calling on a message toll basis, "extended area service" has been
established under which adjacent and nearby exchanges are included
in the subscriber's local service area. The growth of this type of
service each year has significantly affected the number of calls classified as local, which otherwise would have been classified and charged
as toll. Moreover, elimination of toll charges through the establishment of extended area service has tended to stimulate telephone
usage within the service area.
Conversations are those completed calls originating from company
and service telephones, excluding private line telephones. Local
calls include both completed and uncompleted calls. Bell System
toll messages consist of interstate and intrastate completed calls
originated or terminated at Bell System Associated Company telephones, and toll messages originated or terminated at connecting
(i.e., independent) company telephones, provided their transmission
utilized toll line facilities of a Bell operating company. Toll messages
handled wholly over facilities of connecting or nonconnecting independent companies are shown under Independent Companies. Toll
message figures include ship-to-shore messages and international
messages. Since a toll ticket is made for each toll call, the count can
be relatively exact. In very large exchanges, some counts of local
calls are automatically accumulated in message registers but in
small exchanges the counts are estimates based upon samples.
R 13-16. Telephone toll rates between New York City and selected
cities, 1902-1970.
Source: 1902, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, p. 77; 1911-1970, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data.
Data for 1911-1917 are based on records of A T & T , newspapers,
and other published reports. Data for 1919-1937 are based on information in FCC, Telephone Rate and Research Department, " T h e
Classified Toll Rate Structure and Basic Rate Practices for Message
Toll Telephone Service," pp. 40-47 (Jan. 15,1938, processed). Data
for 1940-1970 are based on unpublished data and tariffs of the F C C .
Considerable historical toll rate data also appear in the report of a
committee of National Association of Railroad and Utilities Commissioners ( N A R U C ) and F C C representatives, Message Toll Telephone Rates and Disparities, annual October issues.
The three major classes of toll telephone messages are dial stationto-station, operator station-to-station, and person-to-person. Dial
station-to-station service denotes that service where the person
originating the call from other than a coin telephone station dials
TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS
the telephone number desired and the call is completed without the
assistance of a telephone company operator.
In interstate toll service, operator station rates are over 10 percent
higher than dial station rates, and person-to-person rates are over
twice the amount of the rates for dial station service. On station
calls, the starting point is computed at the time communication is
established between the calling and called stations; on person-toperson calls, the chargeable period begins when the person called is
reached. There was generally no rate differentiation between station
and person service until January 21, 1919.
A paucity of historical data exists with respect to local exchange
rates. Such data can only be laboriously constructed from the
records of the Bell System companies and other telephone companies
or from the tariffs filed with each State which has regulatory authority
over the intrastate telephone rates. One source of data pertaining
to exchange rates is the Bureau of Census report, Telephones and
Telegraphs and Municipal Electric Fire-Alarm and Police-Patrol
Signaling Systems, 1912, pp. 49-156, which presents telephone rates of
selected cities in 38 States and the District of Columbia. Another
source of exchange rate data is provided by the responses of telephone
companies to FCC, "Telephone Division Order No. 9," which called
for rates in effect in selected size exchanges between 1907 and 1933.
These responses are on file at the FCC.
R 17-18. Telephone plant, book value and depreciation reserves,
1880-1970.
Source: 1885-1935, U.S. Federal Communications Commission,
unpublished data consisting of Special Investigation, Docket No. 1
"Report on American Telephone and Telegraph Company Corporate
and Financial History," vol. I, Exhibit No. 1360-A (Jan. 16, 1937,
processed), pp. 73, 102; vol. II, Exhibit No. 1360-B, Schedule 2
(appendix); "Report on Associated Bell Telephone Companies Financial and Operating Data," Exhibit No. 1364 (Jan. 23, 1937), Schedule
A-15; 1936-1956, American Telephone and Telegraph Company,
annual reports, and FCC, unpublished data; 1957-1970, A T & T ,
annual reports and unpublished data.
Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census
volumes: Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, p. 1332; Telephones
and Telegraphs, 1902, table 6, p. 7; Telephones and Telegraphs. . . ,
1912, table 29; Telephones, 1917, table 33; Telephones, 1922, table 34;
Telephones and Telegraphs, 1982, table 17, and 1987, table 1 (see
general note for series R 1 - 9 2 for complete list of census sources).
The FCC's uniform system of accounts, which became effective
January 1, 1937, requires establishment of telephone plant accounts
on the basis of original cost (cost at time of first dedication to the
public use). This applies to all plants ordinarily having a service life
of more than one year as well as franchises, patents, rights of way,
leaseholds, and other interests in land.
The depreciation policies of the Bell System have undergone various
changes from a simple maintenance reserve set up for the purpose of
equalizing maintenance charges over a period of years and providing
for deferred maintenance expenses, to depreciation rates prescribed
by the F C C . Prescription of depreciation rates for Bell companies
began in 1949 and initial prescriptions were completed in 1953. For
a discussion of Bell System depreciation policies, see Report of the
Federal Communications Commission on the Investigation of the Telephone Industry in the United States, pp. 325-349.
R 19.
Miles of wire, 1880-1970.
Source: 1880-1884, American Telephone and Telegraph Company,
unpublished financial report; 1885-1935, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data consisting of Special Investigation
Docket No. 1, Exhibit No. 1360-A, pp. 76, 115; 1936-1956, A T & T ,
annual reports, and FCC, unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source
for series R 17-18.
Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census
volumes: Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, p. 1327; Telephones
R 17-28
and Telegraphs, 1902, table 2; Telephones, 1922, table 21; Telephones
and Telegraphs, 1937, table 14.
Miles of wire are not an adequate index of the growth in telephone
capacity for a variety of reasons: The shift from single open wire lines
to complex cable systems including coaxial tubes; use of carrier
systems to increase significantly the number of communication
channels over a band of frequencies transmitted over an electrical
circuit; and use of microwave radio systems not included in the
statistics of wire lines.
R 20-22 and R 27-28.
dends, 1880-1970.
Operating revenues, net income, and divi-
Source: 1881-1914, U.S. Federal Communications Commission,
unpublished data consisting of Special Investigation Docket No. 1,
Exhibit No. 1360-A, pp. 39, 54, 73, 81, 89,109 (for operating revenues
and division between local and toll revenues, 1900-1914, Schedule
B-2 of Special Investigation Docket No. 1, Exhibit No. 1364 combined
with Long Lines revenues from p. 395 of Exhibit 1360-B); 1915-1956,
American Telephone and Telegraph Company, annual reports, and
FCC, unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18.
Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census
reports (see general note for series R 1-92 for detailed listing of
sources): Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, p. 1329; Statistics
of Manufactures, 1890, pp. 1, 5; Telephones, 1907, table 36; Telephones
and Telegraphs...,
1912, table 29; Telephones, 1917, tables 21, 30,
and 31; Telephones, 1922, tables 2, 31, 32; Telephones, 1927, table 1;
Telephones and Telegraphs, 1932, table 1, and 1937, table 1.
Figures for series R 20-22 for 1900-1914 have been adjusted b y
the FCC by subtracting uncollectible operating revenues so that they
are comparable with figures for 1915-1970.
Operating revenues include monthly service charges; amounts
charged for connection, restoration and termination of service, and
for moves, instrument changes, and similar service requirements;
initial nonrecurring charges for plant or equipment, except initial
charges based on the cost of specially assembled private branch exchanges; and amounts of service charges for supplemental or auxiliary
equipment as extension stations and auxiliary receivers. Operating
revenues include the telegraph services of the Bell System, including
revenues derived from teletypewriter exchange service ( T W X ) , and
private line service; international radiotelephone service; directory
advertising and sales; and rent revenues.
Net income is net operating income and other income, including
dividend income and interest income, including interest charged to
construction; minus miscellaneous deductions from income and fixed
charges (as interest deductions). All of the Bell System operations
are included; however, as noted below (see text for series R 25),
prior to 1933 only the dividends from controlled companies not consolidated were included.
Dividends declared refer to the entire Bell System operations,
excluding dividends paid by one system company to another.
R 23.
Operating expenses, 1880-1970.
Source: 1885-1907, U.S. Federal Communications Commission,
unpublished data consisting of Speeial Investigation Docket No. 1,
Exhibit 1360-A, pp. 54, 73,109 (figures for operating expenses derived
by subtracting net earnings from revenues); 1908-1935, American
Telephone and Telegraph Company, annual reports; 1936-1956,
A T & T , annual reports, and F C C , unpublished data; 1957-1970, see
source for series R 17-18. For census data, see source for series
R 20-22 and R 27-28.
For 1885-1907, FCC's figures include all taxes (including Federal
income taxes) and interest expense and miscellaneous income. For
1908-1913, figures also include Federal income taxes. For 19141920, figures were adjusted to exclude estimated amounts of Federal
income taxes by use of annual reports of the individual Bell Telephone
777
COMMUNICATIONS
R 24-74
companies to the Interstate Commerce Commission. For 1921-1935,
the Federal income tax adjustment was obtained from A T & T unpublished data.
Figures include that portion of the expenses of Bell Telephone
Laboratories absorbed by A T & T .
R 24.
Federal income taxes, 1914-1970.
Source: 1914-1920, U.S. Federal Communications Commission,
unpublished data (approximations derived from annual reports of
individual Bell System companies to the I C C ) ; 1921-1935, American
Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished data; 1936-1956,
A T & T , annual reports, and F C C , unpublished data; 1957-1970,
see source for series R 17-18.
R 25.
Other income, net, 1882-1970.
Source: 1882-1956, American Telephone and Telegraph Company,
annual reports, and U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18.
Since 1933, instead of including under this item only the dividends
from controlled companies not consolidated, the A T & T has included
its proportionate interest in the total earnings or deficits of such
companies.
R 26.
Interest expenses, 1885-1970.
Source: 1885-1956, American Telephone and Telegraph Company,
annual reports, and U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18. Census
data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports: Special
Reports, Telephones, 1907, table 57; Census of Electrical Industries:
1917, Telephones, table 30; Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones,
1922, table 31.
Interest expense includes interest on all classes of debt owing to the
public but excludes intercompany interest payment.
R 29-30.
Employees and wages, 1880-1970.
Source: Series R 29, 1885-1899 and 1907-1935, U.S. Federal
Communications Commission, unpublished data consisting of Special
Investigation Docket No. 1, Exhibit N o . 1360-A, pp. 76, 136, 147;
series R 29-30, 1900-1906, and series R 30, 1913-1935, American
Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished data; series R
29-30, 1936-1956, A T & T , annual reports to stockholders, and F C C ,
unpublished data; 1957-1970, see source for series R 17-18.
Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census
reports (see general note for series R 1 - 9 2 for detailed description
of sources): Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, p. 1327; Statistics
of Manufactures, 1890, p. 1; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, tables 2,
6; Telephones and Telegraphs...,
1912, tables 3, 29; Telephones,
1917, table 1; Telephones, 1922, table 1; Telephones 1927, table 1;
Telephones and Telegraphs, 1932, table 1; Telephones and Telegraphs,
1987, table 1.
Employee figures for 1885-1935 exclude Western Electric Company.
Figures for 1939-1956 also appear in the F C C annual issues of
Statistics of the Communications Industry in the United States. These
issues also contain detailed reports of the occupational classifications
and wage rates of Bell System employees.
R 31-45. Independent telephone companies—property, revenues, expenses, interest, net income, dividends, employees, and wages,
1916-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, 1916-1934,
unpublished data. United States Independent Telephone Association
(USITA), 1935-1962, Annual Statistical Volume of the United States
Independent Telephone Association, various issues (copyright); 19631970, Independent Telephone Statistics, annual issues (copyright).
778
Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports (see general note for series R 1-92 for detailed description of
sources): Telephones, 1917, tables 1, 30, 31, 33; Telephones, 1922,
tables 1, 22, 32; Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones, 1927,
tables 1, 34; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1982, table 1, and 1937,
table 1.
The large discrepancy between the census figures and the Federal
Communications Commission and USITA figures is due to the major
differences in coverage. The following excerpt from Bureau of the
Census, Telephones, 1922, refers to census coverage:
Unit of enumeration ("system" or "line").—So far as practicable, a report was secured for each system or line operated
under separate ownership. The terms "system" and "line" are
sometimes used synonymously but, in general, the former is employed with reference to the aggregations of lines operated b y the
larger companies while the latter is more commonly used to denote the small farmer or rural lines. A farmer or rural line may
be merely an individual line connected with an exchange under
different ownership, or may be a party line without an exchange
or connected with an exchange owned jointly with other lines or
under independent ownership.
Figures for 1916-1933 were based on I C C annual summaries (which
did not differentiate between the Bell System and the independent
telephone companies) and were derived by subtraction from the
I C C figures of those amounts for each company included on a consolidated basis in the data shown for series R 17-30.
Figures for 1935-1970 were obtained by USITA from reports of
independent telephone companies to the USITA. For recent years,
the publications provide detailed data on companies reporting to
the USITA, and limited data in respect to companies not reporting
to the USITA. Certain totals for combined reporting and nonreporting independent companies are shown for 1961-1970 in the
U S I T A 1971 Annual Statistical Volume.
A discussion of the relations between the Bell System and the
Independents is presented in the F C C Report.. .on the Investigation
of the Telephone Industry...,
pp. 123-146; and a Report of Committee of National Association of Railroad and Utilities Commissioners and F C C representatives, Message Toll Telephone Rates and
Disparities.
R 46-74.
General note.
Since the 1850's, the Western Union Telegraph Company has
been the dominant carrier in the domestic telegraph industry. Established in 1851 as the New York & Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company, this company succeeded b y 1866 in acquiring or
merging dozens of competing telegraph companies and emerging as
the sole telegraph company in the United States. (See Robert
Luther Thompson, Wiring a Continent; the History of the Telegraph
Industry in the United States, 1832-1866, Princeton University Press,
1947.) In succeeding decades, smaller telegraph companies were
formed, serving a region or major cities, often with the intent of
forcing Western Union to acquire them. Western Union developed
close contractual ties with the railways. Telegraph pole lines were
constructed along railroad rights-of-way. The lines were used
jointly for general telegraph and railroad telegraph communication
and signaling; and railroad stations and personnel were used for the
pick-up and delivery of telegraph messages.
Western Union's most serious telegraph rival, Postal Telegraph,
was acquired b y the Mackay interests in the 1880's as the domestic
pick-up and delivery agent for Mackay's Commercial Cable C o m pany (later the International Telephone and Telegraph Company).
Until the 1920's, Postal Telegraph competed with Western Union
for the larger and more profitable routes. Beginning in the 1920's,
Postal Telegraph attempted to provide a nationwide service in full
competition with Western Union. Postal Telegraph expanded its
own facilities and also made arrangements with the telephone com-
TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS
panies, gasoline stations, and others for the pick-up and delivery of
telegrams.
The expansion of Postal Telegraph coincided roughly with the
emergence of more effective competition from other sources. Predominantly, such competition came from the growth and development
of toll telephone service, the expansion of domestic airmail, the introduction of the Bell System's teletypewriter exchange service (TWX),
which was sold to Western Union in 1971, and the provision of
domestic radiotelegraph service by the international radiotelegraph
carriers, RCA Global Communications and the Mackay Companies.
(In 1942, as a war measure, domestic radiotelegraph service was discontinued and was not subsequently resumed.) Postal Telegraph's
share of domestic telegraph revenues was less than 25 percent. In
1943, Postal Telegraph merged with Western Union. (See U.S.
Federal Communications Commission, Reports, vol. 10, pp. 148-198,
September 27, 1943, for Commission approval of the specific terms
of the merger.)
R 46-55. Western Union Telegraph Company—summary of facilities,
traffic, and finances, 1866-1915.
Source: Series R 46-49 (except 1913), The Western Union Telegraph Company, annual reports; 1913, Moody's Investors Service,
Moody's Public Utilities Reports, 1919, New York (copyright). Series
R 50-55 (except R 52, 1914-1915), U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, Bureau of Valuation, Accounting Reports, The Western Union
Telegraph Company (December 31, 1915 and June 30,1919); series R
52,1914 and 1915, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data. Census data are from the following U.S. Bureau of the
Census reports: 1880, Compendium of the Tenth Census, 1880, pp.
1310-1325; Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs, 1902, tables
39, 41; Telegraph Systems: 1907, tables 1-8; Telephones and Telegraphs . . . , 1912, tables 2, 3.
The data for series R 52, 1914 and 1915, are based on ICC Bureau
of Valuation report cited above, Exhibit V, sheets 2 and 3.
According to the Compendium of the Seventh Census, 1854, p. 189,
there were 89 telegraph lines having 23,261 miles of wire in 1853.
In 1854, the miles of wire were estimated at over 30,000.
The 1880 census data include many companies in addition to
Western Union, and the later census data include Postal Telegraph
as well as reports from some 15 to 20 small companies. Included in
the Postal Telegraph data were the telephone operations of that
company. The 1902 census data include the several domestic
ocean-cable systems, while the 1880, 1907, and 1912 census figures
exclude ocean-cable systems other than the Western Union Cable
Division.
Other statistics appear in 60th Cong., 2d sess., Investigation of
Western Union and Postal Telegraph-Cahle Companies, U.S. Senate
Document No. 725 (1909); State of New York, Proceedings of Joint
Committee Investigation of Telephone and Telegraph Companies (1910);
and Submarine and Land Telegraph Systems of the World, an excerpt
from the Treasury Department, Monthly Summary of Commerce and
Finance, January 1899.
R 56-70. Domestic telegraph industry—messages, property, revenues,
expenses, net income, dividends, employees, and wages, 1916-1970.
Source: 1916-1928, U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission and
U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data (annual
reports of Western Union Telegraph Company and Postal TelegraphCable Company to the ICC); 1929-1955, FCC, Statistics of the Communications Industry in the United States, 1955, pp. 110-115; 19561970, FCC, Statistics of Communications Common Carriers, annual
issues, and unpublished data (data are from the annual reports of
Western Union Telegraph Company to the FCC). Census data
are from the following U.S. Bureau of the Census reports (see general
note for series R 1-92 for detailed identification of sources): Census
of Electrical Industries: 1917, Telegraphs . . . , tables 1, 2, 4, 5; Tele-
R 46-70
graphs, 1922, tables 2, 3, 5, 6; Telegraphs, 1927, tables 2, 3, 5, 6;
Telegraphs, 1982, tables 2, 3, 4; Telephones and Telegraphs, 1987,
tables 2, 3, 4.
For 1916-1928, the Western Union reported landline (domestic)
and cable operations on a merged basis; therefore, supplementary
material was obtained from Western Union relating to the landline
operations. Necessarily, these involve estimates and allocations,
the precise bases of which were not specified. For 1929-1955, figures
were obtained from annual reports of the telegraph carriers to the
ICC and to the FCC, supplemented by correspondence and reference
to the reports of the telegraph companies.
Each census report, 1917-1937, included Western Union Cable
Division with Western Union telegraph plant. Similarly, the census
reports of 1917,1922, and 1927, in reporting Western Union operating
revenues, operating expenses, net income, and dividends declared,
include Western Union cables. Apparently, in each census report,
number of employees and wages and salaries were for Western Union
landline system only.
The census data refer to approximately 15 to 20 minor domestic
telegraph companies, in addition to Western Union and Postal Telegraph. In 1943, Western Union acquired Postal Telegraph, and the
telegraph company data, beginning in 1944, relate to the single merged
carrier.
R 56, messages handled. Prior to 1935, the annual count of
revenue messages handled was based on a count of messages during
the month of January and was partly estimated. For 1935-1950,
most of the Western Union message data were based on an actual
count for 2 days in each month at some 400 of the largest offices which
together accounted for about 80 percent of total message revenues.
The Postal Telegraph data continued to be based on counts and
estimates for the month of January projected to annual totals. For
1950-1970, Western Union used a scientifically constructed random
message sample, the results of which provide generally reliable
monthly and annual message data by service classes and rate zones.
Data include telegraph traffic with Canada and Mexico. Such
traffic forms only a small portion of the message data.
R 57, private-line telegraph service revenues of telegraph companies. For 1916-1935, data were furnished to FCC by Western
Union and added to annual report figures for Postal Telegraph; for
1936-1943, figures are from annual reports of Western Union and
Postal Telegraph.
Private line, or leased circuit, revenues are derived from the lease
of wires, cables, channels, circuits, and similar wire-telegraph facilities
to banks, airlines, governmental agencies, and other large organizations for the exclusive use of these customers. The charge for such
service is based on contractual rent agreements providing for definite
periodic terms without regard to the extent of the service obtained by
the users of such facilities.
R 58, private-line telegraph service revenues of telephone companies. Data for 1916-1938 apply to the Bell System telephone
companies only. Data for 1916-1926 and 1935-1938 were obtained
from unpublished data of the Bell System. Data for 1927-1934 were
obtained from the Bell System response to the FCC, "Telegraph
Division Order No. 12," and appear in "Some Aspects of Competition
Affecting the Land Wire Telegraph Industry" (1937), an unpublished
FCC staff study. For 1939-1970, data include all telephone companies reporting on an annual basis to the FCC (roughly varying
between 60 and 125).
R 59-60, telegraph plant. Effective January 1, 1914, the ICC
prescribed a Uniform System of Accounts for telegraph and cable
companies and required the carriers to keep their accounts in conformity with this system. All charges made to plant and equipment
or other property accounts with respect to any property acquired on
or after January 1, 1914, were to be the actual money costs of the
property. The ICC did not attempt to prescribe the depreciation
rates of the carriers.
779
R 61-74
COMMUNICATIONS
In 1940, the FCC adopted a revised uniform system of accounts
for wire telegraph and ocean cable carriers, to go into effect January
1, 1942. The effective date was later postponed to January 1, 1943.
The new system was designed to supplant the previous system in use
since 1914. The FCC prescribed depreciation rates for the telegraph
carrier, effective January 1, 1948. After the merger of Western
Union and Postal Telegraph, the Commission required that the
merged carrier reclassify its plant as of January 1, 1943.
Telegraph plant book costs for 1946-1970 were affected by two
conflicting factors: Accelerated retirement of old plant, and addition
of new plant as part of the general modernization program of the
Western Union Telegraph Company begun in 1946. As part of its
modernization program the Western Union Telegraph Company
leased substantial plant, in the form of voice channels, from the
Bell System.
Census figures on book cost of plant include Western Union cables
in all years.
R 61, miles of wire. Wire figures are not a satisfactory measure
of the capacity of the domestic telegraph industry for various reasons,
including the shift from less efficient open wire to more efficient cable;
the introduction of multiplex terminal equipment, which has permitted a significant subdivision of each telegraph channel and the
simultaneous transmission of messages on each such subdivision;
the leasing from the Bell System telephone companies of voice-frequency channels and the subdivision of these channels into a substantially greater number of telegraph channels; operation by Western
Union of its microwave radio system for the transmission of messages;
and use of modernized routing and switching systems.
R 62-68, finances, employees, and wages and salaries. Operating
revenues are derived, in the bulk, from various transmission and nontransmission telegraph services. However, a small proportion has
been derived from incidental services, such as errand service, time
service, and code registration. The operations of the former Postal
Telegraph toll telephone system were included until February 1,1952,
when Western Union disposed of this service. Also included in
operating revenues are revenues derived by the domestic telegraph
carrers in handling the domestic haul of insular, mobile, and foreign
cable and radiotelegraph communications. Such domestic haul is
between the "gateway" cities and the interior of the nation.
To obtain data on total operating expenses, the domestic telegraph
carriers (Western Union and Postal Telegraph) were required to
subdivide their expense accounts as between domestic and international operations in respect to compensation, overhead, materials
and supplies, and other charges. Such allocations are subject to some
arbitrariness.
Census data for 1917, 1922, and 1927 with respect to operating
revenues, expenses, and net income differ from the other data as a
result of the inclusion of Western Union cable operations and the
inclusion of minor companies, in addition to Western Union and
Postal Telegraph.
No adjustments were made in the annual reported income statements. Thus, the net loss shown for 1945 resulted from a substantial
retroactive wage award made by the War Labor Board. This was
shown in the 1945 statement of the Western Union Telegraph Company as an extraordinary charge (less recoverable income taxes).
Income taxes (through 1963, when the cables were sold) are total
Western Union income taxes minus those assigned by the company
itself to its cable operations. The amounts assigned to Western
Union cables were obtained by the FCC from Western Union on an
informal basis. Income taxes for 1924 and prior years are not available separately and are included in total operating expenses.
Dividends declared (through 1963, when the international operations were sold), include the entire operations of Western Union,
domestic and international. No basis exists for allocating them.
Number of employees was reported as of different periods: 19291934, at the end of June; 1935-1945, at the end of December; and
1946-1970, at the end of October. However, wages and salaries are
uniformly reported for the calendar year ending December 31.
780
R 69-70, Bell Teletypewriter Exchange ( T W X ) Service. For
1931-1934, data are from responses to FCC, "Telegraph Division
Order No. 12"; for 1935-1938, from the FCC Annual Report.
Teletypewriter exchange service ( T W X ) was initiated November
21, 1931. The revenues from this service, as well as the private line
telegraph revenues of telephone companies, are not included in total
operating revenues, which is limited to the revenues of domestic telegraph carriers. The T W X service of the telephone industry was
purchased by Western Union in 1971.
R 71-74. Domestic telegraph message rates and TWX rates between
New York City and selected cities, 1850-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished
data.
The 1850 rates are cited in William Holmes, History of Telegraph
Rates, 1860 to 1913 (an unpublished study obtained by the FCC from
the Western Union Telegraph Company), p. 2. The same source
states, p. 8, that the New York-Chicago rate from 1866 to October 1,
1869, was $1.85, although James D. Reid, The Telegraph in America
(1886), p. 746, states that the Chicago rate was $2.05 between 1866
and 1869, and U.S. Senate, 60th Cong., 2d sess., Investigation of
Western Union and Postal Telegraph Cable Companies, Document No.
725 (1909), p. 24, claims that in 1866 this rate was $2.20. Holmes,
p. 8, is the source for the 1866 and 1869 New York-Philadelphia rates.
Reid, p. 746, quotes the New York-San Francisco rates for 1866 and
1869. The Investigation of Western Union...,
p. 24, is also the
source for the New York-Denver rate as of 1866. The 1870 rates
are mentioned in 51st Cong., 1st sess., Hearings before the House
Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads on Postal Telegraph Facilities, p. 131. In addition, Holmes, p. 9, states that in 1870 the maximum rate from States north of Washington, D.C., to San Francisco
was reduced from $7.45 in currency (or $6.75 if paid in gold) to $5.00
in currency (or $4.00 in gold). The 1873 rates are shown in Investigation of Western Union...
, p. 24. Holmes, p. 10, states that the
$2.50 San Francisco rate became effective February 1, 1873, and a
reason given was that $2.50 was the denomination of a coin in common
use on the Pacific Coast. The same source, p. 12, describes the New
York-Chicago rate in 1875 as having been 25 cents and in 1877 as
being successively increased to 40 cents, 50 cents, and 60 cents.
Holmes also states, p. 11, that the New York-Denver rate became
$2.00 in March 1876 and that the San Francisco rate was reduced to
$2.00 in August 1876. However, Reid mentions, p. 747, March 1877
as the date $2.00 was fixed as the maximum rate between New York
City and points east of the Rocky Mountains. The 1883 rates are
also from Investigation of Western Union . .., p. 24. Holmes, p. 17,
states that the $1.00 San Francisco rate became effective in March
1884 as part of a general reduction which established $1.00 as the
maximum rate for a 10-word full rate telegram between any two
points in the Western Union system. Holmes also reports, p. 17,
that in June 1884 the rate between New York and Chicago charged
by Western Union was 50 cents, by Postal Telegraph, 25 cents, and
by the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company, 40 cents. The
1888 rates are based on State of New York, Report of the Joint Committee of the Senate and Assembly of the State of New York Appointed
to Investigate Telephone and Telegraph Companies (transmitted to the
Legislature March 21,1910), p. 687, and the annual report of Western
Union to stockholders for 1888, p. 5. The 1890 rates are from
Hearings Before the House Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads
on Postal Telegraph Facilities, p. 68. The rates in effect as of 1908
are from Investigation of Western Union . . . , p. 24, although there is
evidence from other sources that some of these rates were put into
effect in 1907. The 1919 rates were the result of a 20 percent increase
in domestic telegraph rates as set forth in the 1919 Western Union
annual report to stockholders, p. 8.
The 1931 T W X rates are from testimony on behalf of AT&T by
Mr. Carroll O. Bickelhaupt in the hearings pursuant to FCC, "Telegraph Division Order No. 12."
TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS
All rates beginning with the 1946 increase are derived from official
tariffs filed with the FCC.
The census report, Special Reports: Telephones and Telegraphs,
1902, states (p. 14) that the first telegraph rate was applicable in
1845 between Baltimore and Washington and was one cent for each
group of four characters. The rates shown here are mainly those
of the Western Union Telegraph Company. During some of the
early years, lower rates were sometimes published by competing
companies. The frequent changes in the New York-Chicago rate
illustrate particularly the effects of competition. New companies
appeared offering lower rates on this basic route and Western Union
was forced to meet the competition until such time as it succeeded
in acquiring the competing company. Moreover, it is not certain
that the published rates were adhered to uniformly, particularly in
the early years of telegraph development and in periods of depression.
Under the stress of competition, rebates were sometimes allowed.
The rate for the full-rate telegram is the keystone of the telegraph
rate structure. Rates for most other public message telegraph
services (day letters, night letters, etc.) are a percentage of the rates
for the full-time telegram. Between 1908 and 1946, there was no
change in the level of the full-rate telegram, except for the increase
effected in 1919. However, while maintaining the rate level on its
full-rate telegrams, Western Union introduced various new classifications (including the fixed text social message and serials) which in
effect provided discounts to the message customer.
T W X is provided only by the Bell Telephone System but this
service was sold to Western Union in 1971. As contrasted with
message telegraph service, which is a 1-way communication service,
T W X provides 2-way, instantaneous communication service between
T W X subscribers. The maximum number of words which can be
transmitted in the 3-minute rate period depends on the speed of
the transmitting operator (provided by the subscriber) and the
maximum rated speed of the T W X equipment. In addition to the
charges for specific use (measured in time units and distance) of the
facilities, T W X subscribers beginning July 1, 1953, were billed a
monthly service charge of $10. This was increased to $40 on September
1,1966, and to $45 on February 1,1970, for 60-speed service.
R 75-88.
General note.
The first successful cable linking North America with Europe
was laid in 1866. Radio was not a significant factor in overseas
telegraphy until 1920 when the newly formed Radio Corporation
of America (RCA) entered the field as successor to Marconi Company
of America. The record of hearings held in 1929 before the Committee on Interstate Commerce, United States Senate, 71st Cong.,
1st sess., on S. 6, a "Bill to Provide for the Regulation of the Transmission of Intelligence by Wire or Wireless," contains (pp. 960-972)
a list of submarine cables of the world, and the year in which each
was laid. Few of these cables are now in use, having been replaced
by circuits in telephone ocean cables laid since the mid-1950's and,
since 1965, also by circuits in microwave radio relayed by satellite.
Information on the beginnings of international radiotelegraphy
appears in the Report of the Federal Trade Commission on the Radio
Industry (1924).
The first overseas radio telephone service was opened in 1927
between New York and London by American Telephone and Telegraph Company. The only overseas telephone service available
during 1921-1926 was to and from Cuba by means of cable.
The census data are derived from the special quinquennial census
reports of the telephone and telegraph industries (see general note
for series R 1-92). With respect to international telegraph, these
reports suffer from two major shortcomings. First, the Bureau
of the Census was unable to obtain from the Western Union Telegraph Company a division between its landline system and its cable
operations with respect to plant and financial operations. Prior to
the 1932 census, Western Union provided separate data for its
cable operations only in the categories of messages and cable mileage.
R 46-70
In the censuses of 1932 and 1937, Western Union also supplied
operating revenue information for its cable system. The absence
of Western Union's Cable Division from the census data on the
ocean-cable companies largely accounts for the significant differences
between the census data and the annual series with respect to telegraph plant book cost and depreciation reserves, operating revenues,
operating expenses, and net income.
A second shortcoming of the census data is the lack of adequate
coverage of the radiotelegraph industry. The financial information included in the 1922 and 1937 census compilations is seriously
distorted because of the failure to exclude various activities of the
Radio Corporation of America not related to its telegraph communications business. In the 1932 census, no information on radiotelegraph appeared, while in the 1937 census the published statistics
relate only to messages and operating revenue. Consequently,
the only census data shown with respect to radiotelegraph are the
message statistics, and $9,515,000 in operating revenues included
within the 1937 cable-radiotelegraph total.
R 75-77, R 79-81, R 83-88. Telegraph messages, plant, nautical
miles of ocean-telegraph cable, operating revenues and expenses,
Federal income taxes, net income, employees, and wages, 19071970.
Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, 1916-1928,
unpublished data; 1929-1956, Statistics of the Communications
Industry in the United States, 1955 and 1956 issues, table 19; 19571970, Statistics of Communications, Common Carriers, annual issues.
Census data beginning 1907 are from the following U.S. Bureau of the
Census reports (see general note for series R 1-92 for detailed description of sources): Telegraph Systems: 1907, pp. 10, 19; Telephones
and Telegraphs ..., 1912, pp. 165, 167; Telegraphs, 1927, pp. 19, 25;
Telephones and Telegraphs, 1937, pp. 49, 52.
Annual data prior to 1929 were derived in part from annual reports of the carriers filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission.
In large part, these data were obtained through field examinations
by the staff of the FCC and from data supplied by the carriers upon
specific request.
Figures include Hawaii and Puerto Rico for all years. There is
no international telegraph industry in Alaska; however, international
telegrams originating or terminating there are included in series
R 75-77.
Cable and radiotelegraph messages (series R 75-77) include communications sent from, received in, and transiting the United States
and its outlying areas. In addition, radiotelegraph messages include ship-shore messages, and domestic telegraph messages handled
over radiotelegraph circuits prior to the closure of such circuits on
June 30, 1942.
Plant and depreciation figures (series R 79-80) are on the basis
of the currently effective systems of accounts. The radiotelegraph
accounts became effective January 1, 1940, and the ocean-cable
uniform system accounts January 1, 1943 (replacing an earlier cable
accounts system promulgated by the ICC, effective January 1,
1914).
The miles of ocean cable (series R 81) as published have been
adjusted in view of the fact that some of the cables were reported
and tabulated in statute miles rather than nautical miles.
Federal income taxes prior to 1929 are included in operating
expenses (series R 84) in amounts which are not ascertainable. The
substantial decline in net income in 1912 compared with 1907 may
have been accounted for in large measure by the introduction of
depreciation charges which were absent from the 1907 accounts.
Included in employees and compensation (series R 87-88) are the
foreign employees of the carriers. The reporting dates for number
of employees have varied: For 1929-1934, as of the end of June;
for 1935-1945, as of the end of December; for 1946-1970, as of the
end of October.
781
R 93-105
R 78.
COMMUNICATIONS
Overseas telephone calls, 1921-1970.
Source: 73d Cong., 2d sess., Report on Communication Companies,
House Report No. 1273, pt. Ill, No. 2, p. 1459 (1935); and American
Telephone and Telegraph Company, unpublished data.
Figures include calls to and from ships on the high seas and most
international points. Additional data on radiotelephone service
are contained in the Statistics of the Communications Industry in the
United States. See also Census of Electrical Industries: Telephones
and Telegraphs, 1937, table 9.
R 82. Overseas countries served by direct radiotelegraph circuits,
1912-1970.
Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished
data (supplemented and confirmed in Report of the Federal Trade
Commission on the Radio Industry and Report on Communication
Companies, House Report No. 1273, pt. Ill, No. 1, pp. 990, 998;
pt. Ill, No. 4, pp. 3934, 3948, and 4188).
R 89-92. International cable and radiotelegraph rates and international telephone rates between New York City and selected cities,
1866-1970.
Source: 1866-1928, scattered sources as indicated below; 19291970, U.S. Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data.
New York to London. The first successful transatlantic cable
was laid in 1866. James D. Reid, The Telegraph in America (1886),
p. 748, indicates that the first telegraph rate on the cable (presumably
New York to London) was $100 for 10 words. Three months later,
the same source states, the rate was reduced to $50 and subsequently
to $25. By 1868, the rate for 10 words had declined to $15.75, and
in 1885 it stood at 40 cents per word. A staff document of American
Cable & Radio, Inc., prepared in connection with FCC Docket
No. 8777 (1948) indicates that the Western Union Telegraph Company
had a 50 cents per word rate in 1884, and that on December 24 of
that year the Commercial Cable Company entered the field with a
rate of 40 cents per word. The same source indicates that the cable
companies other than Commercial Cable reduced their rates to 12
cents per word on May 6, 1886, and Commercial Cable in turn
lowered its per word rate from 40 cents to 25 cents. On September
16, 1887, Commercial Cable further reduced its rate to the 12 cent
level. Then on September 1, 1888, all the cable companies raised
their rate between New York and London to 25 cents per word.
Exhibit No. 190, introduced by RCA Communications, Inc., in
the same hearing (Docket No. 8777) shows the same rates, but with
somewhat different effective dates; while William Holmes, History of
Telegraph Rates, 1860 to 1918, p. 23, cites rates which differ in part
from those shown here.
In 1916, it became possible to send messages from New York to
London through Canada via Marconi Wireless for 17 cents per full
rate word. According to the Federal Trade Commission Report on
the Radio Industry, p. 36, RCA, on March 1,1920, began transmitting
radiotelegraph messages to Great Britain. The rate initially was
17 cents per word, with an increase to 18 cents on January 1, 1921,
and to 20 cents on April 15, 1923. At this point the international
cable companies reduced their rate to 20 cents to meet the radio
competition. Since then, the rates for cable and radio have been
identical.
The rate reductions effective May 1, 1945, provided for a uniform 20 cents per word basic rate from the United States "gateway"
cities to a large part of the world (see FCC, Eleventh Annual Report
for Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 19U5, p. 45). Effective May 1,
782
1946, all international cable and radiotelephone rates were established
on a country-to-country basis at 20 cents and 30 cents per word,
respectively.
The reductions in rates, effective July 1, 1950, are the result of
"unification" of the full rate and the code rate on all cable and radiotelegraph service. The rates were unified at 75 percent of the
existing rate per full-rate word. This had the effect of lowering the
charge for full-rate messages but increasing the charge for code
messages which at that time formed a substantial portion of international telegraph traffic.
New York to Cairo. Telegraphic communication between New
York and Cairo began, probably, in 1870 or shortly thereafter.
A Commercial Cable Company tariff book, dated January 1903,
indicates a rate of 61 cents per word as of that time. A July 1905
tariff book of the Western Union Telegraph Company shows a New
York-Cairo rate of 56 cents per word; 25 cents was the rate for the
New York-London haul and 31 cents for the rate beyond London.
No record has been found of rates in effect between 1905 and 1925.
Data since 1925 are from the FCC based on filed tariffs and correspondence with companies.
New York to Tokyo. No specific record has been found dating
the beginning of telegraphic communication with Tokyo. In the
hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 54th
Cong., 1st sess., Senate Document No. 194 (1896), conflicting testimony was presented with respect to the early rates. The Commercial Cable Company tariff book of January 1903 stated that the
rate at that time was $1.76 per word. Shortly thereafter Commercial Pacific Cable Company opened its trans-Pacific cable and
the rate fell to $1.53 per word. This rate included 12 cents per
word for the domestic landline haul from New York to San Francisco,
and $1.41 for the San Francisco-Tokyo leg. Report on Communication Companies, 73d Cong., 2d sess., House Report No. 1273, pt. Ill,
No. 4, p. 3926, is the source of the New York-Tokyo rates between
1903 and 1929. FCC is the source of rates since 1929. For data
on radiotelegraph rates lower than cable rates prior to 1925, see
FTC, Report on the Radio Industry, p. 35, and testimony before the
House Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries, pursuant
to H.R. 7357, 68th Cong., 1st sess., p. 170.
New York to Buenos Aires. The 1880 rate is stated in the 1956
Annual Report of the American Cable and Radio Corporation to Stockholders, p. 16. Rates between 1882 and 1927 are derived from
testimony before the Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce, 71st Cong., 2d sess., on S. 6 (1929-1930) beginning p.
2201, and A Half Century of Cable Service to the Three Americas (1928)
published by All America Cables, Inc. When radio service was
opened in 1924 the rate was fixed at the same level as the existing
cable rate. FCC is the source for rates since 1929.
New York international radiotelephone rates to selected cities.
The first overseas radiotelephone service was opened on January
7, 1927, between New York and London. Service to Buenos Aires
began April 3, 1930, and to Tokyo, December 8, 1934. The circuit
to Cairo, opened August 8, 1932, operated via London until January
7, 1946, when a direct circuit to Cairo was placed in operation. As
in telegraph, the Tokyo radiotelephone rate included a landline haul
charge until 1946 for the New York-San Francisco haul. Initially
$9.00, the landline charge was reduced to $6.75 on July 1, 1937, and
to $4.50 on August 1, 1940. All radiotelephone rates presented are
for 3 minute weekday person-to-person daytime calls. In addition,
there are lower night and Sunday rates on some routes, and on three
of the routes station-to-station service is available at either a 25percent or a 33 ^-percent discount from the person-to-person rates.
TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS
Series R 1-12.
Telephones and Average Daily Conversations (Bell and Independent Companies): 1876 to 1970
[In thousands, except series R 2 and R 3.
Telephones
Year
Number
Per 1,000
population
1
2
Households
with
(percent)
Census figures in italic*]
Average daily conversations
1
Independent companies
Total
Residence
Business
Bell
System 1
Not
connecting
with Bell
System
Local
exchange
Toll
Local
exchange
Toll
7
8
9
10
11
12
120,218
115,222
109,256
103,752
98,787
93,656
88,793
84,453
80,969
77,422
583.4
565.2
541.5
519.3
499.6
479.0
459.5
442.9
430.7
418.0
90.5
89.8
88.5
87.1
86.3
84.6
82.8
81.4
80.2
78.9
87,137
83,210
79,029
74,963
71,481
67,729
64,124
60,876
58,289
55,737
33,081
32,012
30,227
28,789
27,308
25,927
24,669
23,577
22,680
21,685
903
943
122
776
813
632
659
152
393
507
20
19
18
16
15
15
14
13
12
11
315
279
134
976
976
024
134
301
576
915
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951..
74,342
* 70,820
66,645
63,624
60,190
56,243
52,806
50,373
48,056
45,636
407.8
* 394.8
379.3
368.2
354.5
337.2
322.1
312.7
303.3
292.9
78.3
78.0
76.4
75.5
73.8
71.5
69.6
68.0
66.0
64.0
53,537
(NA)
47.831
45,433
42.832
39,854
37,272
35,411
33,667
31,939
20,805
(NA)
18,814
18,191
17,358
16,389
15,534
14,962
14,389
13,697
989
110
759
241
344
028
039
010
014
943
11
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
7
6
353
710
886
380
843
212
764
359
038
685
1950
1949
1948
1947..
1946
1945..
1944
1943
1942..
1941
43,004
40,709
38,205
34,867
31,611
27,867
26,859
26,381
24,919
23,521
280.9
270.4
258.1
239.7
221.3
198.1
192.9
191.6
183.4
175.3
61.8
60.2
58.2
54.9
51.4
46.2
45.1
45.0
42.2
39.3
30,077
28,327
26,314
23,708
21,239
18,409
17,791
17,706
16,619
15,453
12,927
12,382
11,891
11,159
10,372
9,458
9,068
8,675
8,300
8,068
795
175
698
773
900
547
653
301
000
742
6
6
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
1940
1939
1938.
19S7
1937
1936
1935
1934—
1933
1932
1932
1931
21,928
20,831
19,953
19,153
19,453
18,433
17,424
16,869
16,628
i7, m
17,341
19,602
165.1
158.3
153.0
150.0
150.4
143.5
136.4
133.0
132.0
139.0
138.5
157.5
36.9
35.6
34.6
14,271
13,446
12,727
7,657
7,385
7,226
34.3
33.1
31.8
31.4
31.3
12,341
11,654
11,003
10,683
10,475
7,112
6,779
6,421
6,186
6,153
33.5
39.2
11,054
12,754
6,287
6,848
311
329
536
SS2
097
192
280
805
501
793
1930
1929
1928
1927
1927
1926--1925
1924
1923
19221922
1921
20,103
19,970
19,256
18,523
18,446
17,680
16,875
16,015
15,316
li,SJ,7
14,294
13,817
162.6
163.1
158.9
155.0
153.9
149.5
144.6
139.2
135.4
1S0.0
128.7
126.4
40.9
41.6
40.8
13,153
13,135
12,645
6,950
6,835
6,611
39.7
39.2
38.7
37.8
37.3
12,086
11,689
11,270
10,773
10,345
6,360
5,991
5,605
5,242
4,971
35.6
35.3
9,642
9,342
4,652
4,475
13,273
12,669
12,078
11.717
11,717
11,241
10,524
10,046
9,543
8,730
8,730
8,349
123.4
119.7
115.2
112.0
112.7
109.5
103.9
100.6
97.2
92.0
90.7
88.3
35.0
9,021
4,252
7,635
6,996
6,484
6,119
6,119
4,933
4,127
3,353
2,809
2,371
2,371
1,801
1,356
1,005
82.0
76.5
72.4
70.0
69.6
57.2
48.8
40.4
34.5
30.0
29.7
23.0
17.6
13.3
1920
1919
1918
1917
1917
1916
1915--_
1914
1913
1912
1912
1911
1910.
190919081907
1907
1906
1905
19041903
19021902
1901
1900
1899
-
Independent companies
Bell System'
Connecting
with Bell
System
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963.
1962
1961
.
R 1-12
-
356
337
311
298
288
273
256
246
237
222
400
900
800
600
000
400
500
282
942
320
22,500
20,700
18,400
16,700
15,400
14,000
12,800
11,784
11,164
10,539
102
97
92
87
82
77
73
68
65
62
000
500
800
100
800
400
200
400
158
177
4,300
4,100
3,900
3,600
3,300
3,000
2,700
2,400
2,242
2,074
3
3
3
3
4
4
8
215
204
193
185
175
166
157
151
147
143
317
491
627
304
848
438
423
667
400
235
10,068
9,549
8,834
8,490
8,015
7,420
6,799
6,552
6,358
6,230
58
* 53
48
44
41
37
35
34
27
26
005
525
192
174
863
722
946
645
292
384
1,996
* 1,785
1,645
1,602
1,518
1,430
1,380
1,365
73
74
200
524
495
081
697
306
190
014
853
709
9
10
12
13
14
14
16
66
66
70
138
130
123
113
103
89
84
85
86
84
881
403
481
075
827
362
618
000
314
360
6,118
6,125
6,065
5,908
5,544
4,852
4,377
4,046
3,544
3,222
25
23
22
20
18
17
17
17
17
16
539
961
520
353
645
667
227
138
141
659
85
102
90
86
82
99
107
93
68
69
3 550
3 435
3 349
67
67
68
79 515
74 020
70 070
2,852
2,705
2,596
16 110
15 292
14 739
306
294
283
3
3
3
2
3
288
170
073
992
051
68
71
71
72
76
68
64
58
56
55
833
960
809
648
199
2,682
2,589
2,276
2,142
2,047
14
14
14
14
14
678
124
631
332
481
287
281
284
278
273
011
3 246
3 816
84
94
58 813
62 205
2,251
2,700
15 637
17 245
299
350
983
838
955
726
155
402
622
857
857
515
950
328
4 017
4 022
4 157
103
110
144
62 365
61 034
56 196
2,933
3,139
2,839
17 860
18 107
17 895
362
370
370
133
106
037
908
090
158
172
216
250
369
52
49
46
43
41
581
980
702
981
109
2,615
2,375
2,098
1,835
1,683
18
18
18
18
18
100
453
148
260
516
369
372
352
324
322
3 912
3 994
432
495
36 831
33 671
1,523
1,356
18 329
18 447
317
281
810
057
864
165
458
348
204
074
878
369
496
281
727
873
1,012
31 836
29 286
30 001
1,327
1,167
1,067
18 371
18 158
18 753
280
276
285
1,226
1,348
1,351
1,388
1,409
30
28
25
22
22
845
530
184
775
255
1,009
890
819
799
806
19
19
18
17
17
785
856
535
198
640
302
302
282
262
272
1,430
1,716
21 532
19 773
738
645
18 064
17 466
275
266
1 950
1 621
1 188
1,753
1,853
2,119
18 256
16 777
15 576
602
517
463
17 043
16 213
15 717
260
247
239
826
297
246
167
121
2,280
1,862
1,596
1,348
1,124
15
13
11
9
8
266
875
404
388
316
494
461
368
301
258
13
11
9
7
6
814
430
756
884
903
210
175
148
120
105
84
48
20
10
970
692
500
328
7
6
4
5
850
342
773
174
240
187
149
133
6 146
4 468
2 916
94
68
44
692
736
739
202
S27
032
545
968
585
255
087
804
352
522
176
132
013
774
285
838
564
S17
317
061
836
667
4
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
_
—
—
-
_
—
(Z)
*(Z)
(Z)
See footnotes at end of table.
783
R 1-16
COMMUNICATIONS
Series R 1-12. Telephones and Average Daily Conversations (Bell and Independent Companies): 1876 to 1970—Con.
[In thousands, except series R 2 and R 3.
Telephones
Average daily conversations
1
Bell
System 1
Independent
companies
not
connecting
with Bell
System
6
8
Total
Year
1898
18971896
1895
1894
18931892
1891
1890 1890
1889 1888
1887
1886 _
1885
1884
1883
1882
1881
-
.
.
Per 1,000
population
1
2
-
- - - - - -
.
Number
-
.
-
. - - .
„
-
Series R 13-16.
Local
exchange
Toll
Local
exchange
Toll
9
10
11
12
228
212
195
181
167
156
148
124
98
71
i ,438
1,240
1,052
1,012
856
747
698
590
10
8
7
7
7
7
8
5
48
31
26
9
3
237
2
496
415
354
310
270
266
261
239
m
228
212
195
181
167
156
148
124
98
71
S.7
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.3
1.8
1.4
Si
48
31
26
9
3
1.1
.9
.6
.6
.2
.1
* Denotes first year for which figures include Alaska and Hawaii.
Represents zero.
N A N o t available.
Z Less than 500.
Independent companies
95
75
63
51
38
34
41
34
9.2
7.1
5.7
4.8
4.1
3.9
3.9
3.7
185
100
50
30
15
Bell Systems
3,823
3,099
2,630
2,351
2,088
1,872
1,868
1,585
681
515
404
340
285
266
261
239
1880
1879
1878
1877
1876
Census figures in italics]
170
3
1 Beginning 1920, excludes private line telephones and " B e l l " figures derived through
totaling data for the Bell Systems, the Southern New England Telephone Company,
the Cincinnati Bell Inc., and Bell service telephones.
3 Bell System has no operations in Alaska and Hawaii.
Telephone Toll Rates Between New York City and Selected Cities: 1902 to 1970
[Rate for station-to-station, daytime, 3-minute call]
Between New York City and—
Effective
date
Between New York City and—
Philadelphia
Chicago
Denver
San Francisco
13
14
15
16
1970, Feb
1968, Aug
1967, D e c .
$0.50
.50
.50
$1.05
1.30
1.40
$1.25
1.65
1.60
$1.35
1.70
1.75
1965, Dec
1960, Feb
1959, Sept
.50
.50
.60
1.40
1.45
1.45
1.70
1.80
1.95
2.00
2.25
2.25
.60
.46
.45
1.50
1.55
1.75
2.20
2.20
2.85
2.50
2.50
2.50
.45
.45
.45
1.75
1.90
2.20
3.25
3.25
4.50
4.00
4.00
6.50
1962, M a r . .
1946, Feb
1945, July
1941, July
1940, M a y . .
1937, Jan
-
-
-
.
N A N o t available.
' Rates in effect immediately prior to Jan. 21,1919, according to an item in the New
York Times for Jan. 23, 1919.
784
Effective
date
1936, Sept
1930, Jan
Philadelphia
Chicago
Denver
San Francisco
13
14
15
16
$0.50
.50
$2.50
3.00
$5.25
6.00
$7.60
9.00
.60
.60
.60
3.00
3.25
3.40
6.00
6.00
7.25
9.00
9.00
11.30
.55
> .75
(NA)
4.65
•5.00
(NA)
10.40
11.25
11.25
16.50
18.50
19.80
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
5.45
11.25
11.25
20.70
1929, Feb
1927, Dec
1926, Oct
1919, J a n . . . .
1917, June
1917, M a r . . .
1915, Jan
1911
1902 *
1
-
.55
Toll rates were $0,006 per mile for all mileages.
TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS
Series R 17-30.
R 17-30
Bell Telephone Companies—Property, Revenues, Expenses, Interest, Net Income, Dividends,
Employees, and Wages: 1880 to 1970
[In thousands, except series R 29.
Telephone plant
Book
value
Depreciation
reserves
17
18
Miles
of
wire 1
Census figures in italics.
Bell companies have no operations in Alaska and Hawaii]
Operating revenues
Total 2
Local
Operating
expenses 3
Toll
Federal
income
taxes
21
19
$56,171,376 $12,609 552 601,912 $17,368
16,057
11,553 823 553
50,479
46,091 402 10,511 655 512 250 14,428
42,508 397 9,445 322 480 308 13,310
8,551 263 453 521 12,419
39,316 832
$8,685
7,979
1,366
6,910
6,517
479
015
128
073
473
$8,042
7,450
6,472
5,852
5,378
160 $12,867
709 11,401
036 10,025
380
9,245
439
8,577
$1,608,526
2,018,380
1,990,741
1,695,744
1,633,247
Interest
expenses
Net
income
Dividends
declared 5
25
26
27
28
29
$2,303,227
2,307,298
2,162,630
2,150,612
2,076,305
$1,508,445
1,424,155
1,389,124
1,290,838
1,250,184
793,196
756,065
696,749
673,316
666,982
275 $1,028
178
720
821
673
356
435
848
275
199
493
757
281
048
412
992
261
260
214
748
371
207
412
668
$438
390
313
36,228
33,384
30,854
28,656
26,586
981
997
403
559
552
7,793
7,158
6,583
6,126
5,749
812
004
840
180
767
422
394
368
346
327
623 11,320
360 10,549
594
9,796
697
9,192
319
8,614
6,114
5,778
5,527
5,219
4,921
439
936
789
431
320
4,706
4,291
3,814
3,543
3,284
856
054
370
591
038
7,857
7,233
6,647
6,271
5,903
1,466,287
1,476,741
1,455,070
1,360,144
1,244,867
24,721
22,818
21,225
19,654
17,555
830
918
314
439
690
5,402
5,084
4,760
4,487
4,228
334
804
297
207
307
282
260
243
220
876
287
464
730
154
8,108
7,569
6,936
6,466
5.964
4,665
4,362
4,049
3,743
3,457
116
374
465
800
640
3,058
2,843
2,543
2,406
2,220
181
466
114
830
488
5,584
6,233
4,910
4.788
4,437
,172,131
,080,302
939,687
773,481
714,260
15,773
14,525
13,419
12,301
11,250
373
346
650
975
819
4,007
3,766
3,555
3,352
3,125
118
530
901
297
706
201
186
173
162
152
235
809
375
120
112
5,424
4,901
4,523
4,135
3,727
3,168
2,914
2,713
2,460
2,205
480
754
501
438
117
1,999
1.755
1,603
1,500
1,369
553
241
608
063
682
4,039
3,746
3,500
3,240
2,929
644,404
524,995
472,994
403,031
350,134
264
400
424
850
343
3,341
2.965
2,693
2,282
2,146
1,995
1,746
1,551
1,311
1,198
659 1,207 509
771 1,092 395
742 1,030 474
880 227
401
874 497
802
2,652
2,530
2,324
2,013
1.789
248,328
125,878
105,154
77,024
104,121
813
271
400
709
206
1,978
1,814
1,072
1,017
981
923
872
731
244
094
765
089
845
746
666
544
424
008
694
238
234
521
1,454
1,308
1,214
1,089
986
259,213
283,062
243,605
195,906
110,375
' 3 0
339 91 273
563 87 411
582 85 295
1,205
1,136
1,080
1,051
1,079
1,020
811
766
734
70S
724
685
400
956
687
444
658
110
360
338
317
321
327
311
792
391
290
503
229
489
913
870
849
64,419
41,387
35,015
833
766
31,740
28,807
640
607
617
670
670
723
993
676
253
737
737
920
273
258
243
263
263
326
483
691
906
H8
148
269
726
685
684
20,843
19,586
17,109
747
824
19,073
21,249
10,375
9,688
8,848
7,552
6,474
100
160
572
159
011
2,904
2,724
2,597
2,447
2,286
820
745
371
046
952
144
135
126
114
107
5,865
5.670
5,543
5,450
5,196
065
879
992
471
319
2,108
1,934
1,763
1,601
1,482
385
419
868
916
590
101
100
99
99
97
4,887
4,727
4,621
i ,389
4,516
4,380
900
1,397
050
1,339
914
1,286
Blf9
998 ~"I"23i
1,156
881
4,196
4,177
4,169
i,269
4,188
4,195
Employees
Other
income,
net 4
214
172
184
140
132
140
193
707
356
343
70C
368
314
288
414
158
052
262
422
874
005
226
216
773
10S
702
176
147
778
186
1,274,101
1,170,571
1,001,709
868,486
792,632
769,701
730,682
649,497
607,655
546,924
594,860
597.107
606,340
666,100
653,074
696,857
577,303
501,805
427,459
383,763
483,619
439,327
389,057
339,186
296,541
629,773
591,364
600,363
591,783
563,416
367,377
247,830
235,264
168,890
219,966
262,901
227,929
214,061
198,469
193,802
534,751
528,015
559,408
536,602
508,391
187,656
180,163
188,061
174,232
203,509
187,961
181,281
177,865
178,000
179,341
396,567
345,703
350,912
334,957
321.108
223,941
203,888
167,896
180,298 282,224
180,360 266,707
180.847 264,275
197,457
201,624
183,400 275,634
184,209 262,888
183,146 244,599
183,181 248,996
183,240 248,563
281,350
185,032 266,288
180,904 294,689
604
90
084
777
133
132
359
622
117
118
347
66$
773
244
118
857
41
52
455
224
114
113
637
46S
63
40
649
613
829
91
63
42
491
42C
950
198
037
989
023
47
48
118
49
141
886
39
297
43
349
23
14
222
655
43
43
256
27
27
302
287
43
320
51
267
12
894
918
52
373
3
57
561
' 1
942
54
351
147,539
125,352
114,580
17
36
717
568
56
64
135
720
139,336
193,379
626
54
54
9
7
5
4
17
52
52
910
177
99?
525
597
712
227
391
671
950
370
268
749
064
1,061 650
968 214
891 883
458
118
281
586
491
239
934
884
872
956
943
1,066
4,043
3.671
3,275
s,ose
3,013
2,783
422
100
687
613
985
023
740 006
699 035
650 621
1,094
1,063
969
89k
888
817
633
237
699
987
928
728
691
644
604
604
557
709
359
209
266
266
490
348
354
309
271
271
248
541
286
334
17i
174
087
852
807
728
21,931
22,924
25,591
47
43
27
966
621
66
59
51
229
582
635
201,646
217,105
191,088
600 664
576 216
248
619
193
819
823
861
670
611
23,908
22,712
21
21
888
329
50
49
511
809
166,059
155,061
2,524
2,266
1,978
1 ,783
1,729
1,543
906
923
948
079
220
530
485
443
395
395
350
071
661
130
297
297
642
474
894
524
61 i
617
766
736
653
598
5U6
543
495
648
459
153
820
747
244
506
454
412
37U
374
343
026
326
009
719
719
133
219
190
178
163
163
146
913
318
427
098
098
459
557
511
470
i38
426
397
16,829
13,091
11,748
19
20
920
314
526
45
41
37
941
531
21
17
209
37
86S
13
652
36
774
309
276
235
206
201
168
556
304
395
863
090
044
377
163
349
13 U
610
850
448 233
387 659
326 524
SOS 864
293 666
263 095
301 283
141 883
376
11
693
214 119
207 472
188 888
8H
560
972
237
224
197
31
27
23
724
693
111
21
18
82C
379
142 307
122
105
506
476
111
133
611
232
224
214
206
197
178
721
500
126
131
798
267
169 156
160 311
151 260
930
466
009
18
18
16
096
139 630
126 238
037
413
171
166
156
163
142
127
1,374
1,211
14
13
205
611
642
480
831
9i7
611
469
164
148
137
138
127
111
245
951
363
80U
869
080
114 896
103 502
93 964
004
095
800
964
781
11
557
10
10
222
" 8 8 682
77 243
411
192
1,363
1,215
1,142
i ,no
1,064
946
880
847
797
780
742
666
820' 195
788 586
611
557
528
526
502
450
92
73
54
38
17
12,246
114
101
93
99
87
77
~10~162
7,471
4,246
6,635
5,8—
15 186
751
36 79C
21 266
~~4~342
1,103
674
603
721
685
7
94(1
653
874
527
$6,640,908
5,911,857
5,136,622
4,791,543
4,617,006
1,886,943 1,144,416 627,278
1,743,574 1,085,182 604,577
1,567,130
934,275 585,941
1,456,158
915.846 578,403
1,350,079
871,249 581,245
127
79
69
Number 8
156,625 324,343
132,224 364,402
119,349 333,794
308,865
112,401 309,005
100,614 300,557
136,503
107,246
99,624
86,623
86,623
67,425
93,243
82,603
72,429
60.305
60.306
47,848
293,095
278,838
271,979
1,710
243,045
224,277
47,785
48,621
46,383
51,135
50,714
52,921
40,000
39,840
39,735
37,021
36,863
35.160
231,316
209,860
187,458
198,700
192,364
179,032
48,086
40,307
42,037
US,107
42,681
37,975
32,897
30,304
30,302
29,710
29,460
25,967
156,294
142,527
156,928
HI, 90S
141,340
129,724
39,438
38,146
33,894
SI,447
30,676
25,582
25.161
23,911
20,719
20,202
18,152
16,990
121,310
104,956
98,533
95,811
100,789
104,646
See footnotes at end of table.
785
R 17-45
COMMUNICATIONS
Series K 17-30.
Bell Telephone Companies—Property, Revenues, Expenses, Interest, Net Income, Dividends,
Employees, and Wages: 1880 to 1970—Con.
[In thousands, except series R 29.
Year
1905
1904
1903
1902
1902.
1901
. .
1900
1899
1898
1897
1896
..
- - --
1895
1894
1893
1892
1891
1890
1890
1889
1888
1887
1886
1885
1884
1883
1882
1881
1880
1880
. .
Operating revenues
- -
.
. .
.
Employees
Telephone
plant,
book
value
Miles
of
wire 1
Total2
Local
Toll
17
19
20
21
22
Operating
expenses 2
Other
income,
net 4
Interest
expenses
Net
income
Dividends
declared s
23
25
26
27
28
$96,923
85,296
75,089
$67,620
59,841
52,710
$26,412
22,638
19,879
$66,189
68,152
50,946
$577
577
553
250,013
211,780
5,780
4,671
9,359
3,388
3,282
2,445
64.176
54.177
44,845
37,971
16,906
14,329
44,338
35,824
457
373
180,700
145,511
118,124
104,488
95,242
1,962
1,519
1,159
951
806
46,086
32,414
12,098
30,632
300
198
168
144
144
87,859
77,731
73,136
67,636
62,190
675
577
508
441
382
24,059
15,488
58,512
61,572
44,436
40,799
38,325
2 i0
332
280
244
203
172
16,405
16,153
11,Ui
9,068
156
137
115
83
62
10,002
5,124
Si
30
3,098
$368,065
316,521
284,568
-
Census figures in italics]
38,619
15,702
Beginning 1957, excludes drop and block wire.
Includes miscellaneous revenues not shown elsewhere.
' Excludes Federal income taxes.
* Nonoperating income including Western Electric income less non-operating deductions from income.
Telephone plant
Book
value
Depreciation
reserves
16,129
15,464
2,390
13,364
12,095
10,577
9,735
8,833
7,894
6,647
6,294
6,127
5,481
37,067
29,818
22
@FedFRASER