Full text of Employment and Payrolls : September 1935
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Serial N o. R . 304 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner Employment and Pay Rolls (Formerly “ Trend of Employment” ) + September 1935 ♦ Prepared by Division of Employment Statistics Lew is E. T a l b e r t , Chief and Division of Construction and Public Employment H e rm a n B. B yer, Chief UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE W ASHINGTON: 1935 CONTENTS Page Sum m ary of developm ents in S ep tem ber_______________________________________ 1 P a r t i — P rivate e m p lo y m e n t. ____________________________________________________ 2 M anufacturing industries____________________________________________________ 2 Indexes of em ploym ent and p ay rolls in m anufacturing industries „ 9 Indexes and estim ates of factory em p loym ent and p ay roils_ 11 T rade, public utility, m ining, service industries, and building con struction _____________________________________________________________________ Indexes and for trade, public utility, m ining, service 12 industries, building construction_______________________________________ 16 E m p lo ym en t on class I railroads___ ________________________________________ 17 T ren d of em p loym en t b y S ta tes____________________________________________ 18 E m p lo ym en t and p ay rolls in principal cities_____________________________ P art I I — Public e m p lo y m e n t. ______ ____— _— ------------------------------------------------ 19 20 E xecutive, legislative, m ilitary, and judicial services of the Federal G o v e rn m e n t_________________________________________________________________ 21 Construction p rojects financed b y Public W ork s A d m in istration _____ Com parison b y geographic d iv isio n s. ________________________________ 22 25 M o n th ly tren d ___________________________________________________________ 26 V alue of m aterial orders p laced _______________________________________ 27 T h e works p rogram ___________________________________________________________ M o n th ly tren d ___________________________________________________________ 30 32 E m ergency work program ___________________________________________________ 35 E m ergency conservation w ork ______________________________________________ 37 State road projects------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 Construction projects financed b y the Reconstruction Finance C or poration ___________________________ __________________________________________ C onstruction projects financed from regular appropriations____________ (ii) 39 41 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Summary of Developments in September A P P R O XIM ATE LY 335,000 workers were returned to employnient during September in the manufacturing and nonmanu facturing industries surveyed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The increase in weekly pay rolls in these industries amounted to $12,200,000. Manufacturing industries alone showed gains over August of 140,000 in number of wage earners and $5,100,000 in weekly wage disburse ments. Gains in factory employment and pay rolls are usual in September, but the gains this year are noteworthy because they occur in the face of large declines in the automobile industry due to early shut-downs for the taking of inventory and for model changes. Seventy-one of the ninety manufacturing industries surveyed reported gains in employment and seventy-two reported larger weekly pay rolls. Of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries covered, 10 showed gains in employment and 13 showed larger weekly pay rolls. Retail estab lishments reported the most substantial improvement, with 151,900 more workers on their pay rolls in September than in August. In the coal-mining industry 27,400 workers were added during the month. A gain of 14,500 workers was reported by wholesale trade establish ments. The net gains for the 17 industries combined amounted to 195,000 in number of workers and $7,100,000 in weekly pay rolls. Employment in the regular agencies of the Federal Government in September was also somewhat higher than in the previous month, due largely to increases in the executive, judicial, and military services. On construction projects financed from Federal funds the trend was mixed. Although an increase was reported in the number of workers engaged on construction financed by regular governmental appropri ations and by the works program, a sharp decline occurred on projects financed by the Public Works Administration, and employment on projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation dropped to moderately lower levels during the month. Declines are also shown in employment on the emergency-work program and in enroll ments at Civilian Conservation Camps. The decline in enrollments at Civilian Conservation Camps was due to September being the end of an enlistment period. jljL (l) 2 Part I—Private Employment Manufacturing Industries T 2.1 he increase of percent in factory employment in September brought the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ index to 83.5 percent of the 1923-25 average, the highest point since November 1930. The gain of 3.6 percent in weekly wage disbursements brought the pay-roll index to 72.1, the highest level since May 1931. Gains over the month interval were widely distributed, 71 of the 90 manufacturing industries surveyed reporting increases in employ ment and 72 increases in weekly pay rolls. Ten of the 14 major groups into which the 90 industries are classified showed increases in employment and 12 showed gains in pay rolls. As in the preceding month, the largest estimated increase in number of workers was in the textile group, the gain of 3.2 percent indicating an increase of 48,900 workers. Employment in the food group advanced for the sixth successive month, 41,100 more workers being employed in September than in August, a gain of 5.6 percent. The machinery group added 33,300 wage earners to the pay rolls, the lumber group added 15,600 the nonferrous group 13,900, the iron and steel group 12,800, the chemical group 9,300, the paper and printing group 7,500, the rubber group 2,700, and the tobacco group 1,400. The greatest decrease in employment was reported by the industries in the transportation group, 43,400 fewer workers being employed in September than in August. This represents a decline of 9.2 percent and was due chiefly to curtailment in the automobile industry which was preparing for production of new models. Other groups showing decreases in em ployment in September were the leather group, railroad repair shops, and the stone-clay-glass group. The durable-goods industries as a whole showed net gains over the month interval of 1.0 percent in em ployment and 2.7 percent in pay rolls, and the non-durable-goods industries showed increases of 2.9 percent in employment and 4.3 percent in pay rolls. The largest increases in employment were seasonal in character and were shown in the following industries: Cottonseed— oil, cake, and meal (44.5 percent); confectionery (26.0 percent); canning and pre serving (17.9 percent); radios (19.2 percent); fertilizers (18.8 percent) ; millinery (16.1 percent); jewelry (14.4 percent); and beet sugar (9.7 percent). Other industries showing substantial seasonal gains in employment were women’s clothing (7.2 percent); stoves (5.2 percent); men’s furnishings (4.5 percent); furniture (4.0 percent); cotton goods (3.9 percent); and shirts and collars (3.4 percent). The lightingequipment industry had 9.0 perceilt more employees in September than in August. In the tools industry (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws) employment increased 8.4 percent; in 3 the manufacture of clocks and watches and time-recording devices employment increased 8.2 percent; and an advance of 6.7 percent was reported by the hardware industry. Somew^hat smaller increases in employment were reported by the forgings, millwork, rubber goods (other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes), typewriter, cash register, and shipbuilding industries. The machine-tool industry, an indicator of activity in industries using power-driven metal-cutting machinery, again reported an increase in employment (4.8 percent), gains having been reported each month since October 1934. The September employment index (96.4) is at the highest point reached since December 1930. Among the industries of major importance in which relatively smaller percentage gains were reported were blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills; foundry and machine-shop products; electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies; and sawmills. The most pronounced percentage decline in employment was a seasonal decrease of 14.1 percent in ice cream. In the automobile industry employment was 11.7 percent below the August level. Other industries showing decreases in employment were marblegranite-slate (6.0 percent), beverages (4.0 percent), cane-sugar refining (3.8 percent), cement (3.6 percent), butter (2.6 percent), aircraft (2.3 percent), locomotives (2.2 percent) and fur-felt hats (2.0 percent). The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed from reports supplied by representative establishments in 90 manu facturing industries. The base used in computing these indexes is the 3-year average, 1923-25. In September reports were received from 23,404 establishments employing 3,919,025 workers whose weekly earnings were $82,829,470. The employment reports received from these cooperating establishments cover more than 50 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 60 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ monthly survey. Per capita weekly earnings in all manufacturing industries com bined were $21.14 in September, a gain of 1.3 percent over August. Seventy-three of the separate industries surveyed showed greater average per capita weekly earnings in September than in August, the percentage gains ranging from 0.2 to 24.8. Some of the establishments that report employment and pay-roll totals do not report man-hours. Consequently, average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments than are used in computing per capita weekly earnings and indexes of employment and pay rolls. Average hours worked per week in all manufacturing industries com bined rose from 36.6 in August to 37.4 in September, a gain of 2.2 percent. Average hourly earnings fell from 56.8 cents to 56.3 cents, 4 a decrease of 0.9 percent. Seventy of the 87 industries for which manhour data are published showed gains in average hours worked per week, and 43 showed higher hourly rates of pay. Man-hour data are not published for any industry for which available information covers less than 20 percent of all employees in that industry. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and per capita weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in September are presented in table 1. Percentage changes from August 1935 to September 1935 and from September 1934 to September 1935 are also given in this table. Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, September 1935 Employment Industry Per capita weekly earnings i Pay roll Average hours worked per w e e k 2 Average hourly earn ings 2 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Index Index change from— change from— change from— change from— change from— Sep Sep Aver Aver Aver tember tember age in age in age in 1935 1935 Sep Sep Sep (3-year (3-year tember tember tember Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep average August August average August August tember August tember 1935 tember 1935 tember tember 1935 19231935 19231935 1935 1935 1935 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 25 = 100) 25=100) A ll in d u stries 3................ ........................................ . 83.5 + 2.1 +10.0 72.1 + 3 .6 +24.3 $21.14 + 1 .3 +12.8 37.4 + 2 .2 +12.2 Cents 56.3 -0 .9 0.0 D u ra b le g o o d s 3____________________________ N o n d u r a b le g o o d s 3__...................................... 71.2 96.7 + 1 .0 + 2 .9 +10.6 + 9.5 60.6 86.8 + 2 .7 + 4 .3 +33.2 +17.3 23.05 19.44 + 1 .7 + 1 .5 + 20.4 + 7 .0 38.0 36.9 + 2 .7 + 1 .9 +18.2 + 6 .9 60.3 52.9 -.7 -.8 + .7 + .1 74.7 74.4 78.8 51.9 + 2 .0 + 1. 0 + 2 .2 + 1.3 +18.2 +13.9 + 9.9 -.4 62.9 64.2 63.7 29.9 + 5 .5 + 4 .3 + 3 .9 + 2 .7 +53.0 +72.1 + 60.9 + 6 .0 22.93 23. 80 21.04 15.80 + 3 .4 + 3 .2 + 1 .7 + 1 .4 +35.2 + 51 .2 + 46.0 + 6 .6 37.1 36.0 36.6 32.0 + 3 .3 + 3 .2 + 1 .7 + 2 .2 +30.6 +49.8 +47.5 + 5 .0 61.4 66.2 57.5 48.7 + .5 + .5 .0 -1 .0 + 1 .3 + .8 —1. 8 -.6 76.6 61.2 51.8 96.0 + 1.3 + 5 .7 + 6 .7 + 2 .8 -.1 +28.8 +13.1 +60.8 59.8 46.1 46.0 62.0 +12.4 + 4 .6 + 8 .9 +58.4 +16.7 +57.5 + 5 .6 +100.0 20.22 22.42 20.82 21.58 + 3 .3 + 3 .0 + 9 .3 + 2 .8 + 12.5 +22.4 +40.3 + 24 .2 38.2 36.9 37.5 38.6 + 3 .2 + 3 .4 + 8 .1 + 1 .3 +10.7 +18.1 + 39.5 +26.7 53.0 60.5 5& 7 55. 9 + .6 -1 .0 + 1 .1 + 1 .6 + 1 .3 + 4 .5 -.4 - 1 .6 54.7 107.3 58.6 105.4 + 3 .2 + 5 .2 + 1 .1 + 1.3 +12.1 +17.1 .0 +4.4 39.2 89.6 45.6 105.7 + 7 .7 +11.5 + 3 .9 + 2 .0 +27.7 +36.2 +12.6 + 9 .9 22.87 23. 22 21.44 21.29 + 4 .3 + 5 .9 + 2 .7 + .7 +13 .5 +16.1 + 12.3 + 5 .3 38.7 40.7 37.1 40.3 + 3 .8 + 4 .4 + 2 .2 -1 .0 +10.8 +11.7 +10.3 + 4 .1 59.0 56.9 58.0 52.9 + .5 + 1 .1 + .7 + 1.5 + 1 .1 + 1 .7 + 1 .7 + 1 .6 65.0 117.6 + 8 .4 -.9 +13.6 - 2 .2 61.0 113.2 +10.5 + 7 .8 + 29.8 + 23 .0 21. 21 20.93 + 2 .0 + 8 .7 +13.6 +25. 9 39.0 36.6 + 1 .8 + 7 .3 + 7 .2 + 19.8 53.9 57.0 .0 + .2 + 7 .2 + 4 .4 91.1 118.5 + 4 .4 + .6 +16.8 +74.8 75.2 136.8 + 5 .6 -.5 +35.3 +105.1 23.67 24. 52 + 1 .1 -1 .0 +15.7 +17.3 38.8 39.2 + 1 .8 -2 .0 +16.7 + 7 .9 60.1 63.1 -.3 + 1 .3 .0 + 9 .0 105.0 73.3 + 3 .0 + 4 .0 -.9 +11.2 88.2 62.1 + 2 .9 + 7 .4 + 3 .6 +29.4 27. 55 23.33 -.1 + 3 .2 + 4 .7 +16.4 40.2 38.1 + 2 .7 +. 5 + 3 .3 : +18.7 69.2 60.7 -.6 -.2 + .7 -1 .6 Durable goods I ro n a n d steel a n d th eir p ro d u c ts , n o t in c lu d in g m a c h in e r y . _______________________ Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m ills.. Bolts, nuts, washers, and r i v e t s ..................... Cast-iron p ip e3— ............... ............................ . Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery), and edge tools___ _______________ Forgings, iron and steel_______ _____________ Hardware............. ......................... .............. .......... Plumbers’ supplies............................. ................. Steam and hot-water-heating apparatus and steam fittings. . . ________ _______________ S tov es...____ _______________________________ Structural and ornamental metalwork............. T in cans and other tinware................................. Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws)..................................... . W ire work................................. .......... ............ ...... M a c h in e r y , n o t in c lu d in g tra n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t ............................................................... Agricultural implements..................................... Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu lating machines................. ............................... Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. See footnotes at end of table. Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, September 1935— Continued Employment Industry Per capita weekly earnings1 Pay roll Average hours worked per week * Average hourly earn ings 2 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Index Index change from— change from— change from— change from— change from— Sep Sep Aver Aver A ver tember tember age in age in age in 1935 1935 Sep Sep Sep (3-year (3-year Sep tember Sep tember Sep Sep Sep tember August tember August tember average August tember average August tember August tember 1935 1935 1935 1935 1935 1935 19231935 19231935 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 25=100) 25=100) Durable goods— Continued Iron and steel and their products, n o t in cluding m achinery—Continued Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels. Foundry and machine-shop products.............. M achine tools................ ..................... ............... . Radios and phonographs----------------- ------------Textile machinery and parts................... .......... Typewriters and parts................................ ......... Transportation equipm ent.......................... ....... Aircraft...................... ....................................... . Autom obiles________________________________ Cars, electric railroad and steam railroad____ Locom otives................................... ....................... Shipbuilding. ............................... ......................... Railroad repair shops............. ................................ Electric railroad_____ ____ ___________________ Steam railroad___________ ___________________ Nonferrous m etals and their products 3......... Aluminum manufactures 3................................. Brass, bronze, and copper products__________ Clocks and watches and time-recording de vices...................... ........................ ..................... Jewelry____ ______ __________________________ Lighting equipment— --------------------------------Silverware and plated ware_________________ Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. Stamped and enameled w a re3......... ................. Lum ber and allied products................................ F u rn itu re.-.____ ____ _______________________ Lumber: M illw ork.............. ........................................... Sawmills...................... ................. ................. 101.2 76.0 96.4 254.9 62.9 101. 7 75.8 442.9 84.0 33.5 21.0 76.1 53.6 64.6 51.7 86.9 79.1 81.8 + 0.1 + 2 .6 + 4 .8 +19.2 + .6 + 4 .2 -9 .2 -2 .3 11.7 + 4 .0 -2 .2 + 5.1 - .4 -1.1 -.3 + 6.0 + 4 .8 + 4 .6 +42.3 +13.8 +38.3 +15.9 + 1.1 + .4 + 2.2 +49.6 + 3 .8 -2 5 .2 -4 4 .3 + 6 .7 - 5 .6 - 1 .7 -6 .0 +15.3 + 16.2 +15.5 74.4 62.2 85.2 166.3 50.4 92.3 65.7 360.3 72.1 31.8 8.9 65.6 49.1 59.1 48.5 70.9 69.6 65.8 + 0 .6 + 3 .6 + 5 .8 +24.2 - .3 +15.4 -8 .2 -4 .8 -1 0 .6 + 4 .6 - 2 .3 + 6 .5 + .2 -.9 + .5 + 9 .6 + 5 .8 + 7 .7 +61.4 +33.2 +67.7 +30.9 +11.0 -.2 +25.6 + 41.0 +32.8 -2 0 .5 -4 8 .9 +15.1 + 7 .7 + 3 .9 + 8 .0 +30.8 +47.1 +35.1 26.58 23.12 26.48 20.45 21.99 23.17 25.32 25.65 25.59 20.08 22.19 24.98 26.44 27.27 26.25 21.77 21.35 23.33 + 0 .5 + 1 .0 + 1 .0 + 4 .2 -1 .0 +10.8 + 1 .2 - 2 .5 + 1 .3 + .6 -.1 + 1 .3 + .5 + .2 +. 8 + 3 .4 +. 9 + 2 .9 +12.9 +17.4 +21.2 +13.2 + 9 .6 - .4 +23.0 -5 .8 +27.7 + 7 .1 -8 .3 + 7 .7 + 1 3 .9 + 5 .6 +15.1 +10.6 +26.6 +16.8 39.1 38.7 42.2 39.5 35.8 40.2 34.2 40.4 34.2 33.9 34.1 32.9 38.8 44.0 38.3 39.7 39.1 39.7 + 0 .3 + 1 .0 +. 5 + 6 .5 - 1 .1 + 9 .5 + 2 .4 -1 .9 + 3 .0 + 3 .4 + .6 + .6 .0 -.2 .0 + 4 .2 .0 + 2 .8 + 6 .8 + 17.0 +19.7 +21.4 + 8 .8 -1 .2 +21.6 + 2 .0 +25.8 + 9 .4 -9 .7 + 8 .2 + 5 .2 + 3 .8 + 5 .9 +13.8 + 6 .7 + 16.6 Cents 68.1 59.6 62.8 51.9 61.5 57.6 74.0 65.3 75.1 59.2 65.1 75.6 67.7 61.5 68.3 54.4 54.5 58.7 + 0 .3 + .2 + .3 - 2 .1 -.2 + 1 .1 - 1 .2 -.3 - 1 .4 -2 .5 -.6 + 2 .3 + .6 + .5 + .6 —.5 + .9 .0 + 5 .4 + .8 +1-1 - 6 .9 + .7 + 1 .0 + 2.1 - 3 .3 + 1 .7 - 3 .3 +• 4 + 2.1 + 7.7 + 1 .3 + 8.1 + 1.4 + .3 + 1 .0 87.3 83.0 78.1 69.8 83.7 106.2 57.0 76.3 + 8 .2 +14.4 + 9 .0 +0) K3.7 -4.2 -3.1 1-4.0 +20.6 +12.6 +21.1 + .4 +19.7 +12.5 +15.6 +17.4 77.0 68.2 69.5 56.0 56.1 89.8 47.3 60.2 + 11.8 + 24.4 + 8 .2 + 7 .6 + 5 .5 + 9 .2 + 6 .5 + 7 .6 +30.1 + 18.2 + 33.7 + 7 .5 +31.4 +37.1 +39.5 +35.0 19.92 21.77 21.05 22.70 21.61 19.97 18.67 18.95 + 3 .3 + 8 .8 -.8 + 7 .6 + 1 .7 + 4 .7 + 3 .4 + 3 .4 + 7 .9 + 5 .3 +10.3 + 6 .8 + 9 .9 +21.8 +20.6 + 14.7 41.4 40.9 39.2 39.1 38.8 39.2 40.9 42.0 + 5 .3 + 9 .7 + 1 .3 + 6 .5 + 2 .6 + 4 .5 + 2 .3 + 3 .7 + 6 .0 + 9 .9 + 14.5 + 5 .7 + 7 .0 +20.0 +17.9 + 18 .7 48.1 52.1 53.7 57.6 55.6 50.8 45.1 44.9 -2 .0 - 1 .1 - 2 .2 + .7 -.7 + .2 .0 + .4 + 1 .9 +•6 -3 .2 + 1 .5 + 3.1 + 2 .2 + .7 - 1 .7 50.1 37.4 + 5 .6 + 2 .2 +44.8 + 9 .7 40.8 29.4 + 8 .0 + 5 .5 + 87.2 +31.8 18.63 18.67 + 2 .3 + 3 .3 +29.4 +20.5 41.5 40.0 + 3 .8 + 1 .5 +33.3 +16.6 44.6 47.2 -1 .3 + .6 - 1 .2 + 4.1 Turpentine and rosin..................................... S to n e , cla y , a n d glass p r o d u c ts ................. — Brick, tile, and terra cotta-------------------------Cement----- ------------------ ------------------------------ - 282 7 4 — 35 2 Marble, granite, slate, and other products. Pottery.................................................. - ............ 100.5 55.8 34.0 51.9 95.8 27.9 69.5 + 1 .4 -.2 +. 7 - 3 .6 +• 1 - 6 .0 +3 .7 + 4.5 + 5 .5 +11.8 - 3 .9 + 9.7 -1 3 .4 + 5 .0 59.3 42.2 22.5 35.2 85.6 19.0 50.3 95.9 92.1 85.9 84.8 82.3 104.7 88.7 114.0 78.0 95.9 100.5 95.4 130.1 87.6 102.4 66.8 109.5 88.8 87.3 95.2 116.0 114.6 171.9 74.9 213.3 87.9 77.0 73.8 78.9 84.6 78.0 58.9 65.3 58.1 97.3 88.8 109.2 + 3 .2 + 2 .4 + 2 .6 +3 .9 +6 .8 + 1.7 - 2 .0 + 3 .2 + 3.4 - 1 .5 + 4 .7 +1 .9 + 7 .2 +2 .7 + 4.5 +16.1 + 3 .4 - 1 .4 - 2 .1 + .8 + 5 .6 + 2 .6 - 4 .0 - 2 .6 +17.9 +26.0 + .9 -1 4 .1 -.6 + 9 .7 - 4 .9 + 1.7 + 1 .5 + 1 .9 + 1 .5 + 4 .0 + .4 +31.2 +48.5 +33.0 +63.1 +15.6 +14.9 + 5.7 +13.3 +34.0 +167.9 + 5 .2 +6 .6 + 7.5 -1 .1 +1.0 -1 2 .1 +5.8 +3.6 +2.1 +9.7 - 8 .7 - 1 .0 - 2 .7 - 7 .6 + 4.4 - 5 .6 - 4 .0 -4 .5 -3 4 .9 +10.0 -1 1 .5 - 9 .0 -1 1 .4 - 8 .5 +2.1 +2 .7 + 3 .6 84.6 80.4 83.4 70.7 71.8 86.0 91.9 114.8 67.2 75.8 87.8 80.4 109.0 84.4 74.6 76.1 109.1 76.9 71.1 95.2 104.3 101.6 171.0 59.8 229.4 86.1 72.6 60.2 74.1 82.8 70.2 49.4 66.7 47.2 86.2 85.3 90.7 87.6 - ( 4) 99.4 I + 3 .0 + 1 .5 + .9 77.6 90.5 -.1 + 3 .2 + 5 .7 - 1 .6 + 3 .9 - 7 .5 + 8 .0 +13.6 +21.6 +39.8 + 3 .8 +27.0 - 5 .9 +22.4 12.81 19.79 16.83 20.10 20.93 22.62 19.47 - 1 .5 + 3 .3 + 4 .9 +2 .1 + 3 .8 - 1 .6 + 4 .2 + 8 .4 +15.2 +24.5 + 8 .2 +16.0 +8 .1 +17.8 +47.1 + 7 .2 +63.7 +5 .1 +79.4 + 3 .4 +75.0 +9 .1 +11.7 +28.7 + 2 .0 +13.8 - 8 .0 +16.3 +26.2 + 8 .8 + 3 .3 +63.5 - 1 .5 +211.9 +11.4 +23.8 + 8 .2 +29.3 +11.4 +27.9 +4. 2 +16.5 +10.7 +10.5 +45.0 + .8 + 6 .0 +17.1 - 5 .9 +11.1 - 8 .6 + 5 .0 +29.3 + 1 .1 + 4 .5 - 4 .6 + 6 .1 + 2 .0 - 9 .9 + 2 .4 - 1 .0 - 1 .0 + 6 .1 +15.0 +42.5 + 4 .2 + 9 .8 + 5 .8 -1 3 .1 -.5 + 1 .3 -3 2 .1 +17.1 +41.5 - 1 .5 - 3 .0 + 6 .0 - 1 .8 + 2 .4 - 2 .9 - 1 .5 + 6 .8 + 3 .9 + 7 .3 + 8 .3 + 9 .6 + 4 .0 +13.9 16.78 16.10 22.03 13.17 16.76 19.38 25.23 17.15 15.77 18.12 18.96 19.71 20.80 15.62 14.84 26.80 13.20 18.59 17.76 21.59 19.70 22.27 29.99 21.12 12.72 17.74 23.29 25.44 23.38 23.43 23,62 14.85 15.45 14.75 24.96 19.34 21.14 + 3 .9 + 2 .6 +• 7 + 4 .9 + 4 .6 + .3 - 6 .1 + 5 .5 -.1 - .1 + 6 .5 + 6 .3 + 3 .9 +13.4 + 5 .9 +24.8 + 2 .5 - 4 .5 - 6 .6 + .3 - 1 .0 + 3 .5 - 6 .2 + 1 .6 -1 0 .0 +13.1 + 8 .7 + 1 .2 + 1 .9 + 6 .7 + 3 .6 + 4 .2 + .8 + 4 .8 + 2 .4 + 4 .1 + 3 .6 +12.1 +10.2 +34.5 + 7 .2 +11.4 - 1 .1 +10.2 +11.4 +22.3 +16.3 +17.8 +21.2 +19.0 + 5 .8 + 9 .4 +14.9 +10.7 + 7 .3 + 2 .9 +18.1 + 4 .5 + 3 .1 + 5 .3 + 7 .2 +10.2 +10.3 +10.3 + 4 .7 + 4 .2 +29.2 + 9 .8 + 8 .0 + 9 .3 + 7 .5 + 5 .1 + 6 .6 + 9 .9 27.34 33.15 + 1 .4 + 1 .8 + 5 .5 + 1 .5 36.3 37.7 35.0 35.9 35.0 36.8 + 3 .1 + 5 .9 -.3 + 2 .0 + 2 .0 + 4 .0 +14.0 +21.4 + 6 .5 +10.2 +17.9 +14.1 55.0 44.6 57.3 58.5 65.1 54.0 + .5 -.9 + 2 .1 + 1 .9 -3 .4 -.4 + 2 .0 -.6 + 1 .3 + 4 .2 - 6 .6 + 7 .8 35.3 35.9 38.5 35.1 37.5 36.3 36.0 36.3 35.5 36.7 33.9 33.2 34.0 34.1 32.7 + 3 .8 + 3 .5 + .5 + 5 .7 + 4 .7 +. 6 - 6 .0 + 5 .8 .0 +. 5 + 5 .0 + 5 .7 + 3 .0 +17.2 + 5 .5 +14.7 +11.5 +32.4 + 6 .7 +15.9 -.6 +15.7 +10.4 +26.4 +21.1 +17.2 +21.3 +19.9 + 1 .8 + 4 .3 47.7 44.7 57.4 37.4 44.4 53.0 68.7 48.1 44.4 49.4 54.2 58.1 58.0 45.0 39.1 -.2 -.7 + .5 -.8 -.2 - 1 .1 - 1 .9 .0 + .2 -.6 + .4 + .3 + .5 - 1 .3 -.3 - 2 .8 - 1 .6 + 1 .0 + .9 - 3 .5 +. 3 - 3 .3 + 1 .4 - 3 .8 - 3 .4 - 2 .2 - 2 .9 - 1 .5 + 2 .2 + 2 .0 33.9 35.6 34.9 38.3 39.9 41.4 39.5 + 2 .4 - 6 .1 - 7 .7 -.3 + .5 + 3 .8 - 4 .8 +10.5 + 3 .8 + 2 .6 + 8 .7 + 2 .6 + 4 .5 + 5 .6 39.0 52.9 51.9 56.4 49.8 53.5 76.3 - 1 .0 + 1 .5 + 1 .6 + .7 - 2 .9 -.4 - 1 .3 - .4 + 2 .2 + 1 .7 + 3 .4 + 1 .4 - 1 .7 + .2 35.8 41.8 42.5 46.6 40.8 46.7 39.2 36.6 35.6 36.7 38.2 40.0 39.7 - 6 .3 +17.7 + 7 .9 - 1 .1 + 2 .0 + 7 .4 + 3 .7 + 3 .4 +. 3 + 3 .7 + 1 .9 + 5 .3 + 3 .4 + 9 .3 +13.5 +10.9 -1 .2 - 7 .3 +24.3 + 2 .7 + 1 .3 + 5 .0 +. 5 + 4 .7 + 8 .6 + 8 .5 35.9 42.7 54.7 53.9 56.5 51.0 60.3 40.5 43.6 40.1 68.6 48.5 53.3 - 4 .5 - 4 .5 + .9 + 1 .5 + .2 -.4 + .7 + .2 + .7 + .3 + .3 -.8 + .2 +4 1 -.3 + .6 + 5 .1 +11.5 + .4 + 8 .2 + 5 .5 +4.1 +6. +2 .3 - .4 + 1 .4 37.4 36.6 + .3 + .5 + 4 .7 -.9 73.2 90.0 + .5 .0 + 2 .5 + 4 .5 Nondurable goods Textiles a n d th eir p r o d u c t s ............ ............. . Fabrics.............................. .................................. Carpets and rugs--------------------------------Cotton goods........... ............ ...................... Cotton small wares____________________ Dyeing and finishing textiles............... . Hats, fu r -fe lt........................... ................. K nit goods........... ......................... ........... Silk and rayon goods................................. W oolen and worsted goods........ .............. Wearing apparel--------------------------- ------------Clothing, m en’s__________ __________ Clothing, wom en’s______________ _____ Corsets and allied garments___________ M en’s furnishings_________ ___________ M illinery________ _____________________ Shirts and collars_____________________ L ea th er a n d its m a n u fa c t u r e s ____ _________ Boots and shoes----------------------- - .................... Leather------------------------------------- - .................. F o o d a n d k in d red p ro d u c ts 3_______ ________ Baking.................................................................. Beverages_____ _____________________ ______ Butter____________ _ ___________ _____ Canning and preserving................................... Confectionery.................................................... Flour.................................................................... Ice cream........................ .......... ........................ Slaughtering and meat packing____________ Sugar, beet___________ _____________________ Sugar refining, cane 3______ ________________ T o b a c c o m a n u fa c t u r e s _____________________ Chewing and smoking tobacco, and snuff— Cigars and cigarettes................. ...................... P a p er a n d p r in t in g .......................... ................... Boxes, paper...................................................... Paper and p u lp .................................................. Printing and publishing: Book and jo b ............................................... Newspapers and periodicals............. ....... See footnotes at end of table. + 1 .4 + 4 .9 + 7 .2 + 2 .6 Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, September 1935— Continued Employment Industry Nondurable goods Chemicals and allied products, and petro leu m refining.............. .............................. ............ Other than petroleum refining......... ............. . Chemicals.................... ............................ ....... Cottonseed—oil, cake, and m eal................ Druggists’ preparations................................ Explosives................................................ ....... Fertilizers............. ............................ .............. Paints and varnishes........................ ............ R ayon and allied products.......................... Soap .................... ....................................... . Petroleum refining_________ _________________ Rubber products 3.................................................... R ubber boots and shoes 3..................................... R ubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes.................................................. Rubber tires and inner tubes___________ _____ Per capita weekly earnings i Pay roll Average hours worked per week 2 Average hourly earn ings 2 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Index Index change from— change from— change from— change from— change from— Sep Sep Aver A ver A ver tember tember age in age in age in 1935 1935 Sep Sep Sep (3-year (3-year Sep tember tember tember Sep Sep Sep Sep August average August tember average August 1935 August tember 1935 August tember tember 1935 1935 tember 19231935 19231935 1935 1935 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 25=100) 25=100) 110.7 110.8 108.0 86.1 99.5 86.2 82.6 106.7 353.6 103.1 110.1 81.1 58.2 + 2 .6 + 3 .6 + .3 +44.5 + 2 .2 -.3 +18.8 + 1.1 + 3 .9 + 5 .2 - 1 .8 + 2.5 + 1.1 + 1 .9 + 3 .0 .0 -1 2 .2 - 3 .4 - 7 .5 -1 3 .1 + 8 .0 +15.7 +4. 6 -2 . 5 + 1 .8 - 8 .2 99.0 97.8 98.8 88.8 97.3 71.3 77.1 89.5 264.1 99.4 102.8 68.8 50.4 + 3 .1 + 2 .5 -1 .9 +42.0 + 5 .7 -7 .4 + 21.8 + 2 .0 + 4. 2 + 6 .0 + .3 + 7 .0 + 1 .9 +10.1 +11.3 + 7 .3 - 3 .5 + 5 .4 + 2 .6 -1 .8 +18.1 +22.6 +13.9 +6. 7 +22.6 .0 23. 45 21.15 25.19 10.13 20.97 23.13 13. 80 23.29 19. 73 23.24 28. 67 23. 55 19. 25 -0 .6 -1 .0 - 2 .3 -1 .7 + 3 .4 - 7 .1 + 2 .5 + .9 + .3 +• 7 + 2 .1 + 4 .3 + .8 + 8 .0 + 8 .1 + 7 .1 +10.0 + 8 .7 + 11.2 + 12.8 + 9 .4 + 5 .9 + 9 .0 + 9 .4 +18.4 + 9 .0 38.3 39.2 39.2 48.1 39.0 34.1 36.2 39.3 38.6 38.8 35.7 35.3 37.0 + 1 .6 + 1 .0 -1 .8 + 11.6 + 5 .4 -7 .6 + 4 .3 + .3 + .8 + 2 .1 + 2 .0 + 4 .4 + .5 + 6 .7 + 6 .5 + 7 .4 +15.6 + 3 .0 +1. 6 +14.0 + 5 .8 + 5 .8 -4 .7 + 7 .5 +15.6 + 9 .3 Cents 61.5 54.6 63.9 21.2 54.8 67.8 38.1 59.3 51.2 60.0 81.1 68.1 52.0 - 1 .9 -2 .2 -.6 -1 2 .0 -.2 + .4 - 1 .8 + .9 -.4 -1 .5 .0 -.3 + .4 + 2 .5 + 2 .2 -.9 - 2 .7 + 2 .7 + 5 .8 - 1 .5 + 3 .8 .0 +14.0 + 4 .0 + 3.7 + 2.3 123.2 70.3 + 5 .2 + .9 + 8 .5 -.1 108.9 59.0 +10.4 + 5 .7 +30.1 +23.9 20.41 26.82 + 5. 0 + 4 .8 +19.8 +24.1 38.9 32.1 + 4 .6 + 5 .2 +19.7 + 12.7 52.6 84.5 + .2 -.1 -.7 + 8 .0 1 Per capita weekly earnings are com puted from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Percentage changes over year com puted from indexes. Percentage changes over m onth in the groups and in ‘ ‘ All industries” also computed from indexes. 2 Com puted from available man-hour data—all reporting establishments do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year com puted from indexes. The average hours and average hourly earnings in the groups and in “ All industries” are weighted. 3 Em ploym ent and pay-roll indexes have been revised over a period of months. The revised indexes, as well as the original indexes, are presented in table 2. A n explanation of the changes accompanies that table. Additional August 1935 revisions as follows: A ll manufacturing—per capita weekly earnings, $20.84. Food group—average weekly hours, 39.5, percentage change from July 1935, -1 .2 , from August 1934, +3.7. Sugar Refining (cane)—per capita weekly earnings, $22.12, percentage change from July 1935, +2.2, from August 1934, +2.9; average weekly hours, 37.2, percentage change from July 1935, —1.1, from August 1934, —6.2. Cast-iron pipe—employm ent index, 51.2, percentage change from July 1935, —.8, from August 1934, —4.8; pay-roll index, 29.1, percentage change from July 1935, +2.9, from August 1934, —.3; per capita weekly earnings, $16.17, percentage change from July 1935, +3.7, from August 1934, +5.1; average weekly hours, 32.1, percentage change from July 1935, +3.5, from August 1934, +4.3; average hourly earnings, 49.8 cents, percentage change from July 1935, —.2, from August 1934. —.7. 4 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 9 Indexes o f Em ploym ent and Pay R olls in M anufacturing Industries A r e c h e c k of the basic material from which the indexes of employ ment and pay rolls are computed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics has disclosed certain mechanical errors that have affected the indexes for the stamped and enameled ware, aluminum, and rubber boot and shoe industries. The resulting changes in the separate industry indexes have caused modifications in the group indexes, and in some instances in the durable- and nondurabie-goods groups and general indexes of employment and pay rolls. Corrections have been made, and the revised indexes together with the original indexes are shown in table 2. For comparative purposes, the entire period from January 1933 to August 1935 has been covered in presenting these indexes, although no revisions have been made in the indexes prior to May 1933. The earliest significant correction in the employment indexes was in the rubber boot and shoe industry, beginning with May 1933. This correction raised the level of employment for that month from 37.0 to 41.3, a change of about 12 percent, subsequently maintained throughout the series. It caused a revision also of the rubber-goods group index of employment commencing with the same month, but was not sufficient to affect the general index. The pay-roll indexes for this industry were not changed. The revision of the pay-roll index in the stamped- and enameledware industry commences with October 1933 and of the employment index with November 1933. The November employment index was raised from 79.8 to 89.1. The October pay-roll change was from an index of 66.6 to 65.3. Although the corrections in the aluminum indexes in both employment and pay rolls start with July 1934, the maximum changes did not occur until September, when the employ ment level was raised from 57.5 to 68.1, and the pay-roll index from 41.4 to 47.3. The changes in these two industries affected the nonferrous group indexes. The correction in the employment indexes of this group caused a revision of one-tenth of 1 percent in the general employment indexes in practically all months. The revision of the group pay-roll indexes changed the general pay-roll indexes in only 2 months— March 1934 and January 1935. The correction also caused slight changes in the previously published series of durableand nondurable-goods group indexes. 10 Table 2.—Revised Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries All industries Average. 1984 January........... February......... M arch________ A p r il..- ............ M a y .................. June—............... July................... August_______ September....... October.......... . N ovem ber....... D ecem ber........ Original Revised Original Revised Original Revised P ay rolls Revised 39.5 40.2 37.1 38.8 42.7 47.2 50.8 56.8 59.1 59.4 55.5 54.5 E m p loy ment Original 39.5 40.2 37.1 38.8 42.7 47.2 50.8 56.8 59.1 59.4 55.5 54.5 P ay rolls Revised 60.2 61.1 58.8 59.9 62.6 66.9 71.5 76.4 80.0 79.6 76.3 74.5 E m ploy ment Original 60.2 61 1 58.8 59.9 62.6 66.9 71.5 76.4 80.0 79.6 76.2 74.4 P ay rolls Nonferrous metals and their products Revised Original 'd g V<D E m ploy ment Nondurable goods Original Pay rolls Revised ms January-.......... February_____ M arch________ A pril............. . M a y ................. June.................. July................. . August_______ September----October............ N ovem ber____ D ecem ber........ E m ploy ment Original M on th and year Durable goods 45.4 45.8 43.9 44.4 47.0 50.7 55.3 60.1 63.4 63.2 61.2 60.7 45.4 45. 8 43. 9 44.4 47.0 50.7 55.3 60.1 63.4 63.2 61.3 60.8 27.6 27.7 25.3 26.6 30.8 34.7 38.0 43.9 44.7 45.4 42.5 42.3 27.6 27.7 25.3 26.6 30.8 34.7 38.0 43.9 44.7 45.4 42.5 42.3 76.0 77.6 74.7 76.5 79.3 84.3 88.9 93.9 97.8 97.2 92.2 89.1 76.0 77.6 74.7 76.5 79.3 84.3 88.9 93.9 97.8 97.2 92.4 89.2 54.5 56.2 52.1 54.4 57.9 63.1 67.0 73.3 77.6 77.3 72.1 70.1 54.5 56.2 52.1 54.4 57.9 63.1 67.0 73.3 77.6 77.3 72.2 70.1 52.2 53.2 50.8 51.9 54.1 58.4 61.7 69.2 74.3 75.6 72.6 69.8 52.2 53.2 50.8 51.9 54.1 58.4 61.7 69.2 74.3 75.6 74.0 71.1 31.5 32.0 29.1 30.5 35.3 40.0 43.1 48.3 51.6 53.8 52.4 50.2 31.5 32.0 29.1 30.5 35.3 40.0 43.1 48.3 51.6 53.6 52.2 50.1 69.0 69.0 48.5 48.5 53.4 53.4 35.8 35.8 85.6 85.6 64.6 64.6 62.0 62.2 41.5 41.4 73.3 77.7 80.8 82.4 82.5 81.1 78.7 79.5 75.8 78.4 76.8 78.0 73.4 77.8 80.9 82.4 82.5 81.1 78.8 79.6 75.9 78.4 76.9 78.1 54.0 60.6 64.8 67.3 67.1 64.9 60.5 62.2 58.0 61.0 59.5 63.2 54.0 60.6 64.7 67.3 67.1 64.9 60.5 62.2 58.0 61.0 59.5 63.2 59.8 63.5 67.1 70.0 71.5 70.8 67.4 66.1 64.2 62.8 62.2 64.3 59.9 63.6 67.2 70.1 71.6 70.9 67.5 66.2 64.4 62.9 62.3 64.4 41.6 47.9 52.8 57.4 58.6 56.9 49.9 50.0 45.5 46.4 46.1 50.4 41.6 47.9 52.8 57.4 58.6 56.9 49.9 49.9 45.5 46.4 46.1 50.4 87.9 93.0 95.4 95.8 94.3 92.3 90.8 94.0 88.2 95.1 92.4 92.7 88.0 93.1 95.5 95.6 94.2 92.2 90.9 94.1 88.3 95.0 92.5 92.8 69.7 76.9 80.1 80.0 78.1 75.1 73.9 77.9 74.0 79.6 76.6 79.5 69.7 76.9 79.9 80.0 78.1 75.1 73.9 77.9 74.0 79.6 76.6 79.5 67.3 70.9 75.1 76.9 77.8 75.9 73.1 73.4 73.2 75.1 76.0 76.9 68.5 72.3 76.6 78.6 79.5 77.5 74.7 74.9 75.4 77.2 78.2 79.2 47.1 52.2 56.8 58.9 60.6 57.9 53.6 53.2 54.0 57.5 58. S 61.5 47.0 52.1 56.5 58.7 60.4 57.8 53.5 53.0 54.2 57.8 59.1 61.8 Average. 78.8 78.8 61.9 61.9 65.8 65.9 50.3 50.3 92.7 92.7 76.8 76.8 74.3 76.1 56.0 56.0 19S5 January______ February_____ M arch________ A pril................. M a y .......... ....... June__________ July__________ A u gu st.. .......... 78.7 81.2 82.4 82.4 81.1 79.6 79.5 81.7 78.8 81.3 82.5 82.5 81.2 79.7 79.6 81.8 64.1 69.1 70.7 70.8 68.5 66.4 65.3 69.7 64.2 69.1 70.7 70.8 68.5 66.4 65.3 69.6 66.1 69.3 70.8 71.6 71.3 69.5 69.3 70.4 66.2 69.4 71.0 71.8 71.4 69.7 69.4 70.5 52.5 58.6 60.5 61.8 60.1 57.6 55.6 58.9 52.5 58.6 60.5 61.8 60.2 57.6 55.6 59.0 92.3 94.1 94.8 94.0 91.6 90.4 90.5 94.0 92.3 94.1 94.9 94.1 91.7 90.4 90.6 94.0 79.0 82.5 83.8 82.3 79.1 77.6 77.7 83.2 79.2 82.5 83.8 82.3 79.1 77.5 77.7 83.2 75.9 79.2 80.5 80.9 80.4 79.5 78.0 80.0 78.3 81.6 83.0 83.4 82.9 81.8 80.2 82.0 58.4 63.4 64.6 64.4 63.3 62.6 59.6 64.6 58.7 63.7 65.0 64.7 63.7 62.9 59.9 64.7 11 Table 2.— Revised Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries— Continued Average. 1934 36.9 37.2 ! 32.6 i 35.0 43.7 53.3 60.4 61.9 61.4 62.9 58.3 59.0 36.9 37.2 32.6 35.0 43.7 53.3 60.4 ! 61.9 61.4 62.9 58.3 59.0 47.9 45.8 42.1 42.4 37.0 39.3 45.5 53.1 62.8 63.9 65.1 65.6 47.9 45.8 42.1 42.4 41.3 43.9 50.8 , 59.3 70.1 71.4 72.7 73.3 : 33.7 32.4 25.4 ! 26.9 30.9 ! 34.2 42.1 50. 3 56.4 58.6 58.6 60.2 Revised Pay rolls Original 61.8 62.2 59.8 59.6 63.2 70.2 78.4 87.8 90.2 90.1 88.1 85.3 E m ploy ment Revised 61.8 62.2 59.8 59.6 62.4 69.3 77.4 86.6 88.8 88.7 86.7 83.9 Rubber boots and shoes Original 36.7 42.7 37.7 41.7 46.6 51.6 54.0 62.3 62.7 65.3 62.4 59.8 Pay rolls Revised Revised 36.7 42.7 37.7 41.7 46.6 51.6 54.0 62.3 62.7 66.6 63.6 60.9 33.7 32.4 25.4 26.9 30.9 34.2 42.1 50.3 56.4 58.6 58.6 60.2 71.8 71.8 50.9 50.9 76.5 78.0 52.3 52.0 73.9 74.7 50.2 50.2 50.9 55.1 1 42.5 42.5 January______ 78.0 78.0 50.9 50.9 72.7 81.3 56.8 55.8 February......... 79.6 79.6 61.1 61.1 79.8 89.2 66.2 65.0 M arch.............. 81.5 81.5 64.2 64.2 87.5 S 97.8 75.8 74.5 A pril_________ 82.2 82.2 67.0 67.0 94.0 105.1 80.8 79.4 M a y _________ 78.1 78.1 63.5 63.5 95.6 106.9 83.6 82.1 June__________ 76.0 76.0 59.1 59.1 93.0 104.0 80.1 78.7 July__________ 67.5 67.4 43.8 44.5 90. 3 101.0 72.9 71.7 A u g u s t ______ 67.7 67.4 40.8 41.2 87.1! 97.4 70.8 | 69.5 57.5 68.1 41.4 , 47.3 84.4 • 94.4 66.7 65.5 September___ October______ 61.8 73.2 1 51.1!! 58.5 82.9 : 92.7 70.4 ! 69.1 N ovem ber....... 62.5 73.8 53.8 61.3 83.9; 93.8 71.9 i 70. 6 D ecem ber____ 62.2 73.5 56.2 63.9 87.5 97.8 79.1 77.6 Average . 1935 January____ __ February_____ M arch________ A pril_________ M a y .......... ....... June.................. J u ly ........... August----- - E m ploy ment Original 61.6 68.0 62.8 67.1 70.0 75.3 80.0 89.3 j 92.4 93.3 89.1 87.4 Pay rolls Revised 40.0 61.6 42.1 68.0 40.8 62.8 39.9 67.1 45.0 70.0 50.4 75.3 53.1 80.0 59.2 i 89.3 59.5 1 92.4 62.2 93.3 60.1 79.8 58.5 78.2 R ubber products Original 40.0 42.1 40.8 39.9 45.0 50.4 53.1 59.2 59.5 62.2 60.1 58.5 Revised 60.7 62.0 61.8 62.3 64.0 67.7 72.3 80.3 84.5 83.2 81.7 80.9 E m ploy ment Original 60.7 62.0 61.8 62.3 64.0 67.7 72.3 80.3 84.5 83.2 81.7 80.9 Revised Original Pay rolls Revised 1933 January______ February-------M arch .......... A pril-------------M a y _________ June.............. . July__________ August_______ September..... O ctober______ N ovem ber____ Decem ber____ E m ploy ment Original M onth and year Stamped and enameled ware Original Aluminum manu factures 82.0 84.6 87.1 90.0 89.1 85.6 83.9 80.7 78.4 ; .77.4' 76.6 ! 79.0 83.3 58.7 85.8 65.2 88.3 70.5 91.2 73.4 90.2 70.3 86.7 j 66. 5 85.2 ' 61.9 82.0 j 58.8 79.7 I 50.1 78.7 | 58.3 77.9 58.1 80.2 66.0 58.7 60.0 65.2 56.1 70.5 55.3 73.4 55.8 70.3 47.8 66.5 46.6 61.9 53.4 58.8 55.2 56.1 56.4 58.3 54.7 58.1 | 53.9 : 66.0 | 52.8 67.0 | 52.2 62.7 1 47.7 61.7 ! 48.3 62.3 ; 5 1.4 53.7 i 42.8 52.3 . 41.1 60.0 1 49.4 62.0 ! 50.5 63.4 50.4 61.5 50.3 60.6 49.8 59.3 52.1 52.2 47.7 48.3 51.4 42.8 41.1 49.4 50.5 50.4 50.3 49.8 52.1 71.2 74.9 54.4 56.9 | 86.6 96.8 72.9 71.6 82.9 84.1 63.7 63.7 54.0 60.5 48.8 48.8 61.2 65.0 66.9 66.6 66.3 64.5 63.2 63.9 72.3 76.8 79.0 78.7 78.3 76.2 74.6 75.5 51.1 58.7 61.2 60.9 59.8 56.8 51.2 57.8 58.1 66.8 69.6 69.3 68.0 64.6 58.3 65.8 89.1 94.3 97.0 97.6 95.6 91.7 89.8 9.1.1 99.6 105.4 108.4 109.1 106.9 102.5 100.4 101. ft 77.6 86.8 91.4 89.6 84.8 79.0 75.2 83.8 76.2 85.2 89.7 88.0 83.3 77.6 73.9 82.3 81.8 83.0 83.3 82.5 81.3 79.8 77.3 77.9 83.1 84.2 84.5 83.6 82.4 80.9 78.3 79.1 69.4 71.9 70.6 71.2 66.5 64.9 61.3 64.3 69.4 71.9 70.6 71.2 66.5 64.9 61.3 64.3 52.6 52.5 51.7 47.1 47.2 47.0 45.3 51.2 59.2 59.1 58.2 52.9 53.1 52.9 51.0 57.6 51.3 49.4 49.8 43.8 43.2 41.8 41.7 49.4 51. a 49.4 49.8 43.8 43.2 41.8 41.7 49.4 Indexes and Estimates of Factory Employment and Pay Rolls I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing in dustries combined, for the durable-goods group, and for the nondurable-goods group, by months from January 1934 to September 1935, inclusive, are given in table 3. Estimates of employment and weekly pay rolls for all manufacturing industries combined are also given in this table. The diagram on page 13 indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to September 1935. 12 Table 3.— Indexes and Estimates of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manu facturing Industries Combined and Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Durable- and Nondurable-Goods Groups 1 [Indexes based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100.0] Indexes Year and month im J a n u a ry ,.............................. F ebruary...... ...................... M arch_____ _____________ A p ril______ ______________ M a y ...................................... June_______ _____________ J u ly ................... ........... . A ugust. ..................... .......... September.......................... . October__________________ N ovem ber................. .......... D ecem ber........ .................... Estimated number of wage earners Estimated pay rolls (1 week) A ll manufac- . Durable-goods turing indus group tries cpmbined , Nondtirablegoods group Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em ploy ment Pay rolls Em p loy m ent Pay rolls 2 6,154,300 2 6,522,500 2 6,778,300 6,906,100 6,912,600 6, 799,900 2 6,601,700 2 6,674,400 2 6,360, 200 6,569,500 2 6,443, 200 2 6,544,400 $109,806,000 123,395,000 2 131,650,000 136,962,000 136, 575,000 132,040,000 123, 011,000 126, 603,000 118,089,000 124,138, 000 121,085,000 128,593,000 2 73.4 2 77.8 2 80.9 82.4 82.5 81.1 2 78.8 2 79.6 2 75.9 78.4 2 76.9 2 78.1 54.0 60.6 2 64.7 67.3 67.1 64.9 60.5 62.2 58.0 61.0 59.5 63.2 2 59.9 2 63.6 2 67.2 2 70.1 2 71.6 2 70.9 2 67.5 2 66. 2 2 64.4 2 62,9 2 62.3 2 64.4 41.6 47.9 52.8 57.4 58.6 56.9 49.9 2 49.9 45.5 46.4 46.1 50.4 2 88.0 2 93.1 2 95.5 2 95.6 2 94.2 2 92.2 2 90.9 2 94.1 2 88.3 2 95.0 2 92.5 2 92.8 69.7 76.9 2 79.9 80.0 78.1 75.1 73.9 77.9 74.0 79.6 76.6 79.5 Average.............. ....... 2 6,605,600 * 125,996,000 78.8 61.9 2 65.9 50.3 92.7 76.8 2 130, 705,000 140, 618,000 143,927,000 144,075,000 139,325,000 135,‘ 044,000 132,886,000 141, 596,000 146, 693,000 2 78.8 2 81.3 2 82.5 2 82.5 * 81.2 2 79.7 2 79.6 2 81.8 83.5 2 64.2 69.1 70.7 70.8 68.5 66.4 65.3 69.6 72.1 2 66.2 2 69.4 2 71.0 2 71.8 2 71.4 2 69. 7 2 69.4 2 70.5 71.2 52.5 58.6 60.5 61.8 2 60.2 57.6 55.6 2 59.0 60.6 92.3 94.1 2 94.9 2 94.1 > 91 ,7 90.4 2 90.6 94.0 96.7 2 79.2 82.5 83.8 82.3 79.1 2 77.5 77.7 83.2 86.8 tm January_________________ February_______ ________ M arch___________________ A pril_____________________ M a y _______________ ______ June____ _________________ J u ly l_ ......................... ......... August__________________ September_____ _________ 2 6,604,000 2 6,817,300 2 6,914, 600 2 6,914,300 2 6,803, 800 a 6,677, 400 2 6,672,900 2 6,859, 200 7,000,000 i Comparable indexes for earlier years w ill be found in the December 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the M arch 1935 and subsequent issues of the M on th ly Labor Review. a Revised. Trade, Public U tility , M ining, Service Industries, and Building Construction T en of the seventeen nonmanufacturing industries surveyed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed gains in employ ment from August to September and 13 showed increases in pay rolls. outstanding increase in employment was in retail trade, the 5-percent gain in that industry representing the addition of approximately 151,900 workers to pay rolls. Primary factors in this large increase were an 18.2-percent gain reported by apparel stores and an 11.7-percent increase shown by the general merchandising group (department stores, variety stores, general merchandise stores, and mail-order houses). Gains in employment were reported by each of the groups which fall under the classification, wholesale trade, ex cept the petroleum and automotive-products groups, the net increase being 14,500, or 1.1 percent, Bituminous-coal mining absorbed an The E m p l o y m e n t Index Numbers / ///l T & B in M a n u f a c 3-year average 1^23-1^2') =100 a r i R o l l s t u r i n g I n d u s t r i e s Index Numbers 1y///i *1u U .S.D epartm ent o f L a b o r bu reau o f la b o r s t a t is t ic s W ashington T loU . 1JU 1ZU VUi ^//ec a / 0/1 lZO t / //I //)/) lUU fl/) 11U iiu —\ 1UU~\ >\ J f on yU an ou ' 7/) fin ou V JU An ou P m / 7?nI7s ^ A V f \ Wj a JPV r v J 1U (U /»n o u 4j/n U jV J/n tn ou ffU 9/) zu 1in U P/1 11111mmiiiiiniiii 1919 1920 in ! !i ! 1111111f M1 liiiiiiilll n mu ii ii 111HI 11111 niiiiiiiii iiiiiniiii lllllllllll 1II11111111 IIIIINIIII lllllllllll 11 1111 11 1111111111 inimnii lllllllllll lllllllllll 1921 1 9 2 2 ; 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1 92 9 1930 1931 1932 1 933 1 934 193? 1u 14 additional 17,000 wage earners (5.1 percent), and anthracite mining, 10,400 workers (19.1 percent.) The gain in the bituminous-coal indus try indicated greater production in anticipation of the strike which oc curred in the last week of September. The increase of 2.7 percent in employment in private building construction is the seventh successive monthly gain reported in this industry. The figures include only persons engaged in erecting, altering, and repairing buildings, but do not include projects financed by the Public Works Administration, loans made by Reconstruction Finance Corporation, regular appro priations of Federal, State, and local governments, or by loans in sured by the Federal Housing Administration. Metalliferous mining again showed a gain in employment (5.5 percent), due largely to activity in copper mining. Although the employment index for this industry is still less than 50 percent of the 1929 average, it is the highest point reached since January 1932. The gains in employment in power and light, hotels, dyeing and cleaning, and brokerage establishments ranged from 0.2 percent to 3.4 percent. The remaining 7 industries showed a slight falling off in employ ment, the percentage decreases ranging from 0.1 to 2.0. In the aggregate, the 17 nonmanufacturing industries showed approximately 195,000 more workers on their pay rolls in September than in August and paid out approximately $7,100,000 more in weekly wages. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, per capita weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in September for 13 of the trade, public utility, mining, and service industries, together with percentage changes from August 1935 and September 1934, are shown in table 4. Similar information, except indexes of employment and pay rolls, is also presented for private building construction. Man-hour data and indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available for banking, brokerage, or insurance establishments, but the table shows percentage changes in employ ment, pay rolls, and per capita weekly earnings for these three industries. Table 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings, September 1935 28274-35- Industry Coal mining: ______ Anthracite. ______________________ Bituminous ____________ __________________ Metalliferous m ining_____ ______________________ Quarrying and nonmetallic m ining____ _________ Crude-petroleum producing____________ ________ Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph____________________ Electric light and power and manufactured gas 2-----------------------------------------------------------Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance_________________________ Trade: W holesale___________________________________ __________________ Retail____ __ General merchandising__________________ Other than general merchandising_______ Hotels (cash payments only) 3 __________________ Laundries--------------------------------------------- ------------Dyeing and cleaning-------------------------------------------Banks 2----- ------------- ------------ ------------------- -----------Brokerage 2 ________ __ __ ------------------------Insurance 2-__ ____________ _____________- --------Building construction_____________ ____________ Per capita weekly earnings 1 Pay roll Employment Average hours worked per week i Average hourly earnings 1 Percentage Percentage Percentage Index Percentage Percentage Index Septem change from— Septem change from— Average change from— Average change from— Average change from— in in in ber ber Septem Septem Septem 1935 1935 Septem Septem ber Septem ber (average August Septem (average August Septem ber August August August ber ber ber ber ber 1929= 1935 1935 1935 1929 = 1935 1935 1935 1935 1935 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 100) 100) 46.0 77.1 48.9 50.0 77.7 +19.1 + 5.1 + 5.5 - 2 .0 - 1 .5 38.2 60.1 35.4 35.4 63.1 +34.9 +31.2 + 6 .0 - 2 .6 + 3. 4 -1 8 .7 +16.9 +36.7 + 9 .3 + 5 .7 $24.11 20.07 22. 47 17. 60 30. 01 +13.3 +24.8 + .4 -.6 + 5 .0 + 0 .5 +18.7 +18.3 +16.4 +11.2 29.4 27.0 38.8 37.3 38.0 +21.5 +26.8 + 2.1 - 1 .1 + 5 .3 + 2 .9 +22.0 +14.8 +11.7 + 5.1 Cents 82.6 73.7 57.1 47.1 77.4 - 0 .5 - 1 .3 -1 .9 -.2 + .1 - 1 .1 -.2 + 4 .4 - 1 .7 + 3.1 -.7 74.2 - 1 .8 + 2 .8 27. 90 - 1 .8 + 3 .5 37.9 - 1 .8 -.6 75.9 -.3 + 4 .8 + .2 +1.3 84.5 + 2 .0 + 6 .6 31. 06 + 1 .8 + 5 .2 38.8 -.8 + 4 .4 79.8 + 2 .4 + 1 .6 71.0 -.2 - 2 .1 64.0 + 1 .1 + 2 .6 28. 61 + 1 .3 + 4 .6 45.3 + 1.1 + 3 .2 62.1 + .5 + 1 .3 83.7 81.6 91.2 79.1 81.1 83.0 82.1 (4) (4) (4) (4) +1.1 + 5 .0 +11.7 + 3 .2 + .5 - 1 .4 +3. 4 -.7 + .8 -.3 + 2.7 + .2 -.1 -.3 .0 + 1 .4 +. 1 + 2.6 + 2 .0 +. 3 + 1.0 +8.1 67.2 62.4 76.7 59.4 63.1 67.9 63.1 (4) 0) (4) +3. 7 + 5 .4 +11.1 + 3 .9 + 1 .8 - 1 .9 + 8 .4 -.6 + (5) + 1 .2 +5. 7 + 3 .0 + 3 .6 + 2 .8 + 3 .4 + 3 .0 + 6 .9 + 1. 4 + 2 .2 +4. 7 +20.6 27. 66 20.43 17. 62 22. 64 13. 40 15. 58 18. 82 31.60 34. 88 36.13 + 2 .6 -.2 - .5 + .8 + 1 .3 -.4 + 4 .8 + .1 -.8 + 1 .4 + 5 .4 + 3 .1 + 4 .0 + 2 .7 + 2 .0 + 2 .9 + 4 .2 -.5 + 1. 9 + 3 .6 + 1 .2 + 1 .0 + 2 .9 + .7 .0 -1 .7 + 3 .1 (*) (4) (4) + 3 .8 + 3 .9 + 4 .9 + 3 .4 + 1 .9 + 3 .4 -.9 (4) (4) (4) 64.7 51.5 46.2 53.1 27.7 36.8 43.9 (4) (4) (4) + 1.1 -1 .3 —3. 3 -.6 + 1 .1 + 1 .1 + 1 .9 (4) (4) (4) 25. 74 + 2 .5 + 1 1 .4 42.0 42.4 39.3 43.4 47.7 40.6 42.7 (4) 0) 00 31.8 + 1 .2 -1 .2 - 1 .5 -1 .3 + .4 -.2 -.6 (4) (4) 0) + 1 .0 70.4 86.9 1 -1 9 .2 - 1 .4 +15.6 - 6 .2 - 5 .0 (4) + 5 .3 + 2 .9 + 1 2 .5 80.8 -.5 1 Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data furnished by a smaller number of establishments as some firms do not report man-hour information. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. 2 July-August 1935 data revised as follows: Banks—per capita weekly earnings August, $31.48, percentage change from July, 0.0. Brokerage— percentage change in employment from July, + 3 .3 , in pay rolls from July, + 4 .3 , from August 1934, —2.8; August per capita weekly earnings, $35.18, percentage change from July, + 0 .9 , from August 1934, + 1 .1 . Insur ance— percentage change in employment from July, —0.1, from August 1934, + 1 .3 , in pay rolls from July, —4.6, from August 1934, + 2 .0 ; August per capita weekly earnings, $35.66, percentage change from July, —4.5, from August 1934, + 0.6 . Electric light and power— August employment index, 86.7, percentage change from July, + 2 .3 , from August 1934, + 1 .3 ; August pay-roll index, 82.8, percentage change from July, + 1.6 , from August 1934, + 3 .6 ; August per capita weekly earnings, $30.41, percentage change from July, —0.6, from August 1934, + 2 .4 ; August average hours, 39.2, percentage change from July, + 0.8 , from August 1934, + 2 .2 ; August average hourly earnings, 77.5, percentage change from July, —1.0, from Aug ust 1934, + 2 .8 . 3 The additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. 4 N ot available. 6 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 16 Indexes for Trade, Public Utility, Mining, Service Industries, and Building Construction I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls in 13 trade, public utility, mining, and service industries and 2 subdivisions under retail trade are shown by months in table 5 for the period, January 1934 to Sep tember 1935. Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1934 to September 1935 1 [12-month average, 1929=100.0] Anthracite mining M onth E m ploy ment Pay rolls Bituminous-coal mining E m ploy ment Pay rolls Metalliferous mining Quarrying and nonmetallic mining E m ploy ment E m ploy ment P ay rolls P ay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 January______ February_____ M arch.......... . A p ril_____ _ M a y __________ June.............. . J uly__________ A ugust_______ September-----October ___ N ovem ber-----Decem ber____ Average. 64.1 63.2 67.5 58.2 63.8 57.5 53.6 49.5 56.9 58. 5 60.7 61.6 62.9 64.4 51.4 52.6 53.5 56.8 49.4 38.7 46.0 73.2 65.8 82.4 51.7 C4.0 53.3 42.3 39.7 47.0 48.3 -------- 51.2 52.3 59.6 . . . . . 57.5 64.3 38.9 49.9 49.5 66.0 37.5 28.3 38.2 _____ 55.9 Crude-petroleum producing 75.8 76.1 77.8 72.2 76.7 76.7 77.0 77. 1 78.2 79.3 79.8 79.7 80.0 81.1 81.6 74.3 75.3 77.9 70.0 73.4 77.1 51.3 54.6 58.9 51.4 54.4 55.1 49.7 50.4 51.4 57.6 58.3 _____ 57.0 77.2 . . . . . 59.6 66. 1 67.5 45.0 49. 1 64.7 35.9 45.8 60.1 54.2 . . . . . Telephone and telegraph 39.6 40.3 39.8 41.7 40.8 41.0 39.9 42.7 42.3 43.3 43.2 44.4 25.4 26.0 25.9 27.2 25. 6 26.7 25.1 27.0 25.9 28.2 28.5 _____ 29.4 44.3 44.3 45.0 46.0 44.4 46.0 45.2 46.3 48.9 41.6 . . . . . 30.1 29.9 30.9 31.8 31.4 31.5 31.1 33.4 35.4 39.7 38.8 42.0 48.7 54.3 56.6 55.6 54.7 53.3 51. 8 49.5 _____ 42.1 26.7 . . . . . 21.3 21.0 24.1 29.9 35.0 37.0 35.0 34.0 32.4 32.1 29.4 _____ 23.6 36.9 37.3 40.5 45.3 49.5 50.4 50.9 51.0 50.0 20.8 22.2 24.9 28.9 32.8 33.8 34.4 36.3 35.4 _____ 29.6 48.9 Electric light and power and manu factured gas Electric-railroad and motor-bus opera tion and mainte nance 2 E m ploy ment E m ploy ment M on th E m ploy ment Pay rolls E m ploy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls Pay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 73.2 74.9 53.0 55.5 70.2 70.5 69.0 73.9 82.2 January_____ February_____ 72.4 74.2 50.5 54.9 69.8 70.0 67.9 72.9 81.2 M arch________ 72.8 74.0 52.5 56.0 70.0 69.8 70.4 75.3 81.7 74.0 74.9 53.4 56.7 70.2! 69.7 68.8 73.1 82.4 A p ril_______ 76.7 76.0 56.4 57.8 70.2: 70.0 71.4 73.7 83.1 M a y ______. . . June____ ___ 80.0 76.7 56.9 59.2 70.4 70.2! 71.3 74.4 84.0 July__________ 81.6 77.4 60.0 59 9 71.0i 70.3: 72.3 75.7 85.0 A u g u s t ______ 82.7 78.9 61.2 61. 1 71.0i 70.5i 74.0 75.5i 85.6 September____ 81.8 77.9 59.7 63.2! 70.9' 70.4 72.2 74.2! 85.8 60.8 70.3 74.9 O c t o b e r _____ 79. 5 85.8 59.0 -------- 69.9i 72.2 N ovem ber____ 78.8 85.5 73.2 59.5 69.7 83.6 Decem ber____ 78.7 Average. 77.7 56.9 . . . . . 70.3 71.5 83.8 82.7 82. 2 82.2 82.6 83.2 83.8 84.7 386. 7 86.9' 73.8 74.4 75.6 76.8 77.6 77.8 81.1 79.9 79.3 80.6 79.6 78.3 77.91 78.0 78. 3 79.4 79.0 79.8 79.8 81.5 382.8 84.5 70.5 71.0 71. 7 72. 2 72.6 73.2 73. 1 72.8 72.5 72. 2 71.8 71.0i 71. 2 71.0 71.3 71. 4 71.6 71. 7 71. 5 71.2 71.0 72.1 . . . . . 59.2 60.1 62.2 62.9 63.0 63. 2 63.8 62.8 62.4 63 0 61.8 62.3 62.9 63.1 63.4 63.3 63.6 63.9 63.4 63. 3 64.0 -------- 62.2 . . . . . * Compare,ble indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found in the Novem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues of the M onthly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935 issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M onthly Labor Review. 2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 1. s Revised. 17 Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1934 to September 1935— Continued Wholesale trade M onth E m ploy ment Pay rolls Total retail trade E m ploy ment Pay rolls Retail trade—general merchandising Retail tra d e-oth er than general mer chandising E m ploy ment E m ploy ment Pay rolls P ay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 January............ February_____ M arch.............. A p ril.............. M a y .................. June__________ July__________ August_______ September___ October______ Novem ber____ December........ 80.6 81.2 81.8 82.1 82.8 82.3 82.2 82.5 83.5 84.3 85.1 85.0 84.2 84.6 84.0 83.2 82.5 82.1 82.1 82.8 83.7 Average. 82.8 — - 60.3 61.0 62.0 63.1 62.6 62.8 63.8 62.7 63.6 64.5 64.2 64.8 63.0 63.9 64.6 65.2 64.8 64.6 64.6 64.6 64.8 67.2 .. .. . 79.8 79.6 81.5 82.5 82.9 82.6 79.0 77.8 81.7 82.6 83.7 91.1 82.1 79.5 79.2 80.2 83.6 82.2 82.1 79.1 77.7 81.6 .. . . . 59.0 58.8 59.8 61.2 61.5 61.4 60.1 58.4 60.6 61.9 61.9 66.2 59.7 59.3 60.4 62.5 62.0 62.4 60.5 59.2 62.4 60.9 86.6 85.0 90.1 91.0 92.0 90.6 83.0 81.2 91.5 94.2 99.9 128.4 92.8 Year-round hotels E m ploy ment M onth P ayrolls 87.3 86.2 88.7 94.5 91.4 90.7 84.5 81.7 91.2 .. .. . 71.1 68.9 71.5 74.0 74.5 73.9 69.5 66.9 74.0 77.3 80.2 99.0 73.5 72.3 74.1 77.5 76.3 76.3 71.8 69.0 76.7 75.1 77.4 77.3 78.0 80.7 79.8 79.8 77.7 76.7 79.1 79.2 Laundries E m ploy ment 78.0 78.2 79.3 80.3 80.5 80.5 77.9 76.9 79.1 79.5 79.4 81.3 56.5 56.7 57.4 58.5 58.8 58.8 58.2 56.6 57.8 58.7 58. 1 59.4 56.9 56.6 57.6 59.4 59.0 59.5 58.1 57.2 59.4 58.0 Dyeing and cleaning Pay rolls E m ploy ment Pay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 January-------- ------------------ ---------------February____________________________ M arch.......... ............ .......... .............. .... A p ril._______ _______________________ M a y ____ _______________ _________ June__________________ ____________ July-------------------------------------------------August---------------------------------------------September__________________________ O c to b e r ______ ____________________ N ovem ber______________ __________ December ________________ ________ Average............................. .......... 76.4 78.9 80.4 81.5 81.8 81.9 80.4 80.0 80.0 80.9 80.6 80.0 80.2 80.3 81.1 80.8 81.1 81.6 81.3 80.3 80.7 81.1 ....... .. . . . 57.2 60.9 62.2 62.7 62.9 62.9 61.5 60.2 61.0 62.7 62.4 62.2 61.6 62.2 63.5 63.9 63.6 63.7 63.5 62.1 62.0 63.1 .. . . . 78.5 78.4 79.2 80.5 82.1 84.0 84.6 83.7 82.9 81.7 80.3 79.5 81.3 79.6 79.6 79.7 80.0 81.1 82.3 84.4 84.2 83.0 .. . . . 61.7 61.7 62.7 64.4 66.9 68.3 68.2 66.6 65.9 64.8 63.7 63.3 64.9 63.9 64.1 64.6 65.5 66.6 68.2 70.9 69.2 67.9 . . . . . 68.1 68.1 72.4 79.9 84.3 84.9 80.5 78.6 80.0 80.3 75.8 72.4 77.1 70.3 69.6 72.5 79.9 80.9 83.6 81.7 79.4 82.1 .. .. . 46.8 46.3 51.7 60.8 65.1 64.1 58.9 56.7 59.0 59. 1 53.9 51.1 56.1 50.4 49.8 53.5 61.9 61.7 65.7 61.5 58. 2 63.1 — Employment on Class I Railroads A c c o r d i n g to preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission there were 996,695 workers exclusive of executives and officials employed in September by class I railroads— that is, roads having j^early operating revenues of $1,000,000 or over. This repre sents a decrease of 0.2 percent from August when 999,143 workers were employed. Information concerning pay rolls in September was not available at the time this report was prepared. The total com pensation of all employees except executives and officials in August was $135,942,163, compared with $134,992,051 in July, a gain of 0.7 percent. The Commission’s preliminary indexes of employment, taking the 3-year average, 1923-25 as 100.0, are 56.5 for September and 56.6 for August. The final July index is 57.0. 18 Trend of Private Employment by States C h a n g e s in employment and pay rolls from August to September 1935 are shown by States in table 6 for all groups combined (except building construction) and for all manufacturing industries combined. Data for nonmanufacturing groups which were formerly published in this table are omitted from this printed report but are available in the office of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The percentage changes shown in the table, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted; that is, the industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total have not been weighted according to their relative importance. Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in August and September, by Geographic Divisions and by States [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Total—all groups Geographic divi sion and State N um ber of estab lish ments Per Per Number cent Amount of cent N um age age ber of on pay pay roll (1 week) change roll Sep change estab from from tember Septem lish A u A u 1935 ber 1935 ments gust gust 1935 1935 Manufacturing Per Per cent Number cent Am ount of age age on pay pay roll change (1 week) roll Sep change from tember from Septem A u A u 1935 ber 1935 gust gust 1935 1935 New England ___ 13,849 810,193 + 2 .0 $17,427,320 + 3 .2 3,171 540,422 + 2 .4 $10,909,847 + 4 .7 52,678 + 1 .6 794 972, 738 + 1 .9 270 42, 964 + 2 .8 M a in e ... ______ 766, 626 + 3 .8 34,890 - 7 .4 N ew Hampshire. 690, 582 - 2 . 8 655 179 27,766 - 8 .1 531,870 - 3 . 8 Vermont _______ 16,081 - 0 ) 322, 223 + .2 437 + .3 128 9, 701 -.5 193, 278 Massachusetts—_ a8,619 440,07J, + 2.2 9,729,942 + 2.3 1,542 245, 588 + 2 .4 5,018,854 + 8.6 88, 216 + 3.9 1,785,905 +5. 8 410 R hode Island___ 1,251 67,895 + 5 .1 1, 284,118 + 8 .2 Connecticut____ 2,093 178, 254 + 2 .9 642 146, 558 + 3 .5 + 7 .2 3,925,930 + 5 .9 3,120,101 Middle Atlantic.. 25,784 1,743,435 + 3 .1 41,354,928 + 4 .8 4,986 1,092,730 + 3 .0 24,423,181 + 3 .5 N e w Y o r k ___ _ 12,876 703,533 + 2.7 18,250,808 + 2 .4 31,944 404,283 +4-1 10,039,725 + 5 .4 N ew Jersey_____ 3,804 264,994 + 2 .6 6,160,726 + 2. 3 * 752 229,180 + 2.8 5,147,276 + 2.8 Pennsylvania___ 9,104 774,908 + 3 .6 16,943,394 + 8 .3 2,290 459,317 + 2.1 9,236,180 + 2.0 East N orth Cen tral_________ 18,989 1,801,829 + 1 .3 41,839,135 + 3 .3 6,675 1,328,567 + . 3 31,023,644 + 3 .7 O h i o . _________ 8,198 527, 583 + 3.1 12,296,042 + 6 .4 2,240 379,153 + 3 .1 8,905,876 + 6 .8 Indiana________ 1,795 203, m + 8.1 4,808, 574 + 4 -e 829 165,581 + 8.2 8,458,265 + S .S Illinois_________ 51410 487, 774 + 8.6 11,207, 742 +4- 4 2,047 313,856 + 2.8 7, 048,718 + 3 .9 M ichigan_______ 3, 576 410,964 - 3 .9 10,117,310 - 2 .8 809 332,108 - 6.8 8,481,912 -.5 W isconsin______ 81,010 172,283 + 1.0 8,909,467 + 6.6 750 187,869 7 - . 6 8, 128,878 7 + 5 .2 West North Central______ 11,900 402,535 + 2 .5 8,785, 797 + 3 .1 2,114 182,094 - .1 3,787,601 + .7 91, 799 + 3.1 2,063, 613 + 6.1 M innesota______ 2, 211 368 40, 614 +. 9 860,196 + 5 .0 Iow a_____ ____ 1,747 57,369 + 6.3 1,181,509 + 8 .3 391 602,914 + 8 .4 30,759 + 9 .2 M issouri_______ 3, 308 160, 267 + 1 .2 3,464,473 -.2 772 76,901 - 2 .5 1,549,109 - 6 . 6 5, 220 N orth D akota.— 607 + .5 119, 277 + 3 .9 865 - 8 . 8 48 20,863 —'8. 2 582 5,400 South D a k ota .__ 120,392 + 2 .8 36 1,434 + .3 +• 5 31, 386 + .6 31,931 + 2 .5 Nebraska_______ 1,676 708, 229 + 5 .7 148 10, 635 + 1 .7 239, 539 + 4 .5 Kansas_________ 81,769 50,549 + 1 .7 1,128,8O4 + 1.0 851 20,886 483,594 + 1.6 +. 8 S outh Atlantic. - 10,894 722,236 + 2 .9 13,039,681 + 7 .0 2,631 468,540 + 2 .8 7,662,714 + 5 .5 Delaware_______ 13,933 - 5 .9 240 296,176 83 9, 536 - 8 . 6 189, 581 —0) +. 5 M a ry la n d .......... 1,673 108,112 + 8.6 2,801,175 + 8.8 69,602 1 + 8.8 1,417, 734 7 + 6 .5 554 Dist. C olum bia.. 1,000 35, 462 + 3 .8 845,124 + 5 .3 37 3,490 + 2 .4 117,283 + 3 .2 Virginia______ _ 2,131 91,747 + 2 .0 1,659,027 + 2 .3 418 59,341 + . 9 1,032,963 + 1 .6 W est Virginia. __ 1,241 140,874 + 1 .4 3,036, 410 + 12.7 53, 792 + 1 .3 240 1,161,103 + 3 .3 N orth C arolin a- 1,297 140, 267 + 3 .8 2,017,079 + 8.1 574 130,224 + 3 .9 1,841,067 + 8 .5 South Carolina. _ 817, 626 + 9 .6 710 61, 428 + 2 .9 193 54,422 + 3 .0 695,400 + 10 .9 Georgia_________ 1,489 94,933 + 3 .7 1,440,018 + 5.9 350 71,145 + 4 .1 954, 585 + 6 .4 Florida_________ 1,113 35,480 + 5 .6 627, 046 + 7 .0 182 16, 988 + 2 .9 252,998 + 3 .3 East South C e n 4,301,929 + 8 .0 t r a l . . . . ........... 4,745 254,307 +3 .1 901 150,008 + 3 .8 2,360, 742 + 6 .1 K en tu cky........... 1, 577 83,908 + 3 .2 1,601,088 +11.7 271 33, 294 + 6 .6 623, 980 + 7 .4 Tennessee______ 1,325 84,114 + 2 .9 1,419,611 + 4 .3 308 58, 736 + 3 .2 939,396 + 4 .7 Alabam a_______ 1,243 70,148 + 2 .9 1,044, 292 + 8 .4 225 48,343 + 2 .0 674,950 + 6 .6 Mississippi.......... 600 16,137 + 4 .1 236, 938 + 5 .0 97 9,635 + 6 .7 122, 416 + 7 .8 See footnotes at end of table. 19 Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishment in August and September, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Con. Total—all groups Geographic divi sion and State W est S o u t h C e n tra l........ ......... Arkansas_______ Louisiana. ______ Oklahoma______ Texas................. . M o u n t a i n ........ . M ontana_______ I d a h o ................. W yom ing........ . Colorado_______ New Mexico____ Arizona________ U tah______ ____ N evada............... P a cific___________ W ashington____ Oregon_________ California............ N um ber of estab lish ments 4,261 9 601 981 1,475 1, 204. 4,757 804 463 360 1,292 375 589 628 246 6,396 3,153 1,265 wi,978 Manufacturing Per Per Per Per cent cent cent cent Number age Am ount of age N um Number age Amount of age on pay change pay roll change ber of on pay pay roll roll Sep from (1 week) estab (1 week) change Sep change from from from lish roll Septem Septem tember tember A u A u A u A u 1935 ments 1935 ber 1935 ber 1935 gust gust gust gust 1935 1935 1935 1935 159,282 22,810 41, 681 36,906 57,885 120,989 17,672 10, 639 9,214 41,852 6,828 12,461 19,109 3, 214 448,476 93,165 51,602 SOS, 709 + 1 .3 $3,234,123 + 1 .8 894 + 2.1 363,702 + 2 .5 249 + 5 .0 752,215 + 4 .2 208 - 1 .8 807,035 + 2 .7 136 301 + . 6 1,311,171 -.3 + 2 .8 2,783,969 + 5 .4 545 + 2 .5 468,005 + 3 .7 76 244,173 + 2 .9 + 1 .4 56 + 4 .2 250, 635 +17.0 43 922, 768 + 3 .5 + 1 .6 176 - 1 .3 130,969 +1. 4 23 + 8 .5 288, 272 +12.8 39 + 3 .9 393, 230 + 3 .6 104 + 3 .1 85,917 + 5 .8 28 + 1 .0 10,835,363 + .3 1,749 + 7 .9 2,165, 793 + 9 .9 476 + 7 .0 1,161,336 + 5 .6 248 -1 .9 7,608,234 - 2 . 9 1,025 79,731 + 2 .2 $1,521,632 +. 5 16,348 + 2.2 241,818 + 3 .9 21,089 + 9 .2 323, 729 + 4 .8 208,543 - 1 . 4 10,029 - 4 . 0 32,265 747,542 - 1 . 8 +• 1 744,782 -.8 34, 784 - 1 .2 4,117 - 3 . 7 100,096 - 5 . 2 102,396 - 1 . 5 4,328 - 2 .1 +. 6 53,794 + 3 .3 1,897 283,451 - 4 .1 13,841 - 2 .3 14, 266 + 2 .3 908 + 3 .8 2,237 - 3 . 8 49, 042 + 4. 7 119,613 + 6 .9 6, 682 + 3 .0 774 + 1 .4 22,124 + 5 .0 251,266 + 1 .0 5,794,962 - 1 .5 51,893 +12.1 1,160,130 +15.2 29,692 +13.6 622,708 + 7 .8 169,681 - 3 . 7 4 ,012,124 - 6 .7 1 Less than Mo of 1 percent. 2 Includes construction, municipal, agricultural and office employment, amusement and recreation, and professional services, and trucking and handling. 3 Includes laundering and cleaning, but does not include food, canning, and preserving. * Includes laundries. 5 Includes miscellaneous services, building and contracting, and restaurants. e Includes construction, but does not include hotels and restaurants, and public works. 7 W eighted percentage change. 8 Includes construction, miscellaneous services (theaters), and restaurants. 9 Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone. 10 Includes banks, insurance, and office employment. Private Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities A c o m p a r i s o n of September employment and pay-roll totals with August totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000 or over is made in table 7. The changes are computed from reports received from identical establishments in each of the months considered. In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these city totals. As information concerning employment in building con struction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this industry have not been included in these city totals. 20 Table 7.— Fluctuations in Employment and Pay Rolls in September 1935, as Compared with August 1935 Cities N ew Y ork C ity __............ Chicago, 111................... . Philadelphia, P a .. .......... Detroit, M ich ................... Los Angeles, C alif........... Cleveland, Ohio............... St. Louis, M o ................... Baltimore, M d ._ ............. Boston, M a s s ................. Pittsburgh, P a ____ _____ San Francisco, Calif........ Buffalo, N. Y ................... Milwaukee, W is _ ........... N um ber of establish ments re porting in both m onths 9,196 3,644 2,688 1,515 2,602 1,833 1,756 1,326 3,895 1,401 1,581 761 716 Num ber on pay roll A m ount of pay roll (1 week) August 1935 August 1935 530,525 334,767 214,100 284,246 129,862 125,220 115,515 79,734 159,045 143,927 89,849 55,085 69,710 Per centage change from September August 1935 1935 547,186 344,000 219,961 262,790 129,962 129,558 116,850 80,381 159,849 148,542 91,465 55,904 71,244 Per centage change from September August 1935 1935 + 3 .1 $14,445,999 $14,861,044 8,290,525 + 2 .8 8,669,083 + 2 .7 5,040,496 5,255,341 -7 .5 7,187,246 6,849,621 3,196,294 3,273,959 +. 1 2,917,200 + 3 .5 3,112,064 2, 584,547 + 1 .2 2,582,499 1,733,744 1,737,964 + .8 3,814,616 3,781,967 +. 5 + 3 .2 3,248,496 3,480,816 2,304,812 2,354,570 + 1 .8 + 1 .5 1,312,189 1,337,173 + 2 .2 1,646,343 1,676,514 + 2 .9 + 4 .6 + 4 .3 - 4 .7 + 2 .4 + 6 .7 -.1 + .2 + .9 + 7 .2 + 2 .2 + 1 .9 + 1 .8 Part II.— Public Employment E x c l u s i v e of relief work, employment in the various Federal activities increased in September. In relief work both the emergencywork program and the emergency-conservation program showed losses in the number of workers employed. In the regular agencies of the Federal Government, employment increased in September; all branches except the legislative registered gains over August. A sub stantial gain was registered in construction projects financed by reg ular governmental appropriations, but losses were reported in con struction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corpo ration and in construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration. The most pronounced gain for the month occurred in the number of employees engaged on The Works Program. A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for September is given in table 8. 21 Table 8.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, September 1935 [Preliminary figures] Employment Class September Federal service: Executive............. .......................... Judicial___ ____________________ Legislative........ ............ ......... ....... M ilitary_______________________ Construction projects financed by P. W . A __________ ______________ Construction projects financed b y R . F. C _________________ ____ _ Construction projects financed b y regular governmental appropria tions_____ _______________________ T he Works Program_______________ Relief work: Emergency work program______ Emergency conservation work__ August Per centage change Pay roll September August Per centage change i 7S4,679 1,829 5,137 275,964 771,464 1,732 5,147 269,459 2 344, 520 394,509 -1 2 .7 3 22,772,317 25,292,656 - 1 0 .0 9,301 9,415 - 1 .2 957,846 1,020, 208 - 6 .1 36,491 +24.9 143,094 +134.7 3,199, 785 15,483,352 2,694, 822 4,340, 749 +18. 7 -L256.7 21,337,302 38,925,474 « 24, 397,417 * 6 26,235,863 -4 5 .2 - 7 .0 45, 592 335,839 885,765 * 534,057 1,410,513 5 6 590,362 + 3 .0 $116,094,004 $115,624.800 + 5 .6 487,976 470,939 -.2 1, 206,041 ], 204, 204 + 2.4 21,834, 559 20,816,275 -3 7 .2 - 9 .5 + 0 .4 + 3 .6 + .2 + 4 .7 1 Does not include 273 employees transferred but not reported b y the department to which they were assigned. 2 Includes 317 wage earners on projects financed from the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. 3 Includes $10,575 paid to wage earners on projects financed from the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. 4 46,912 employees and a pay roll of $6,182,757 included in executive service. 6 44,093 employees and a pay roll of $5,872,916 included in executive service. 6 Revised. Executive, Legislative, M ilitary, and Judicial Services o f the Federal Governm ent D u r in g September, employment in the regular agencies of the Federal Government increased by nearly 30,000 in comparison with the preceding month. The executive, judicial, and military services registered gains, but a small decline was reported in the legislative service. The total pay-roll disbursements for the month amounted to $139,600,000, an increase of $1,470,000 compared with August. The information concerning employment in the executive depart ments is collected by the Civil Service Commission from the different departments and offices of the United States Government. The figures are tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data for the legislative, judicial, and military services are collected and tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. How the number of employees in the executive departments of the Federal Government in September compares with the number em ployed in August and the corresponding month of the previous year is shown in table 9. Data for employees working in the District of Columbia are shown separately. 22 Table 9,— Employees in the Executive Service of the United States, September 1934, August 1935, and September 1935 District of Columbia Outside District of C o lumbia Entire service Item Perma T em nent porary Num ber of employees: September 1934 2............ 86,062 8,626 August 1935______ _____ 97,294 9,721 September 1935.............. 99,922 9,242 Gain or loss: September 1934 to Sep tember 1935_________ +13,860 +616 August 1935 to Septem ber 1935_______ _____ +2,628 -4 7 9 Percentage change: September 1934 to Sep tember 1935_________ +16.10 +7.14 August 1935 to Septem +2. 70 -4 .9 3 ber 19^5_______ ______ Labor tarn-over, Septem ber 1935: 4,059 1,248 Additions 5..... ............ . Separations« _________ 2,000 828 Turn-over rate per 100____ 2.03 8. 73 Total Perma Tem po Total rary i nent Perma T em po rary 1 nent Total 94,688 508,118 94,174 602,292 594,180 102,800 696,980 107,015 547,958 116,491 664,449 645,252 126,212 771,464 109,164 562,901 122,614 685,515 662,823 131,856 3 794,679 +14,476 +54,783 +28,440 +83,223 +68,643 +29,056 +97,699 +2,149 +14,943 +6,123 +21,066 +17, 571 +5,644 4+23, 215 +15. 29 +10. 78 +30. 20 +13. 82 +11. 55 +28. 26 +14.02 +2.01 +2.73 +5.26 +3.17 + 2.72 +4.47 +3.01 5,307 2,828 2. 62 16,298 9,042 1.63 33,093 19,340 16.18 49,391 28,382 4. 20 20,357 11,042 1. 69 34,341 20,168 15.63 54,698 31,210 3.99 1 N ot including field employees of the Post Office Department, or 56,542 employees hired under letters of authorization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $2,127,997. 2 Revised. 3 Does not include 273 employees transferred, but not reported b y the department to which they were assigned. 4 Of these employees 21.6 percent were transferred from several State relief administrations which ad ministered relief activities financed b y funds received from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. 5 N ot including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be regarded as labor turn-over. Employment in the executive branches of the Federal Government in September was 3 percent higher than in the preceding month. Compared with the corresponding month of last year, the level of employment in the regular branches of the Federal Government shows an increase of 14 percent. Of the 794,679 employees in September, 13.7 percent were employed in the District of Columbia, and 86.3 percent outside the District. The sharpest gains in Federal employment during the month in terval occurred in the War Department and the Works Progress Administration. However, the Treasury Department, the Post Office Department, the Navy Department, the Department of Agri culture, and the Department of Labor also accounted for a substan tial part of the gain in employment during the month. On the other hand, the largest losses in employment were reported by the Ten nessee Valley Authority, the National Recovery Administration, the Panama Canal, and the Resettlement Administration. Construction Projects Financed by Public W orks Administration E m p l o y m e n t on construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration declined in September.1 The total number of workers employed on public-works projects during the month was 1 Unless otherwise expressly stated, where September is referred to in this study it may be accepted as meaning the month ending Sept. 15. 23 345,000, which is approximately 50,000 less than the number reported in August. Pay rolls also decreased, falling from $25,000,000 in August to less than $23,000,000 in September. The number of manhours worked during the month were in excess of 32,000,000 and orders wTere placed for construction materials valued at more than $41,000,000. The statistical record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by Public Works Adminis tration funds in September is given in table 10. Table 10.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Public-Works Funds September 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners T ype of project M axi mum number em ployed 1 W eekly average Num ber of Average Am ount of man-hours earnings pay rolls per hour worked Value of material orders placed Federal projects A ll projects........................................... 2 207,623 199,595 $13,776,618 21,365,808 $0.645 $23,861,023 Building construction_____ _______ Forestry____ _______ ________ _____ Naval vessels..................... ................. Public roads3...................................... Reclam ation_______ _________ _____ River, harbor, and flood control___ Streets and roads................................ W ater and sewerage.................... ....... Miscellaneous........... ........... ............. 10,979 114 25,106 115,053 18,012 22,984 5,467 221 1,659 970,375 12,588 3,654,648 10,037,000 2,809,963 3,074,147 557,028 23,174 226,885 .853 .818 .812 .530 .675 .734 .578 .762 .695 3,268,405 11,037 3,639,140 10,500,000 2,538,562 3,196, 252 287, 715 85, 659 334, 253 13,183 127 26,079 (<) 18,442 26,591 6,017 271 1,860 828,106 10,294 2,968,526 5,320,200 1,896,837 2,255,305 322,088 17,654 157,608 Non-Federal projects 8 A ll projects..................... ............. ....... 131,504 108,511 $8,402,407 10,327,648 $0.814 $16,581,826 Building construction.............. ......... Railroad construction............... ......... Streets and roads..... ........................... Water and sewerage.......................... Miscellaneous...................................... 59,984 5,149 19,498 39, 782 6,774 49,317 4,263 15,508 33,692 5,469 4,139,914 227, 368 1,004,601 2,525,820 494,129 4,474, 545 364,724 1,482,462 3, 270,962 717,462 .925 .623 .678 .772 .689 8,906,573 64,155 1,996,840 4,394,001 1,191,684 * M aximum number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes weekly average for public roads. 3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads. * Not available; average number included in total. 6 Includes data for 317 wage earners employed on projects financed from the Emergency Relief Appro priation Act of 1935. 24 On Federal construction projects the number of workers employed decreased by 46,578 in September. Employment was less on every type project except naval vessel construction and water and sewerage work. The increase in employment in the construction of naval vessels was caused chiefly by the resumption of work in one shipyard after a settlement of labor difficulties. Public-road work, with a loss of 38,642 workers, showed the most pronounced curtailment of em ployment. A decrease of 6,823 workers on reclamation projects was caused by the completion of the activities of the Soil Conservation Service under the Public Works Administration and the transfer of the financing of portions of certain projects from the Public Works Administration to The Works Program. On non-Federal construction projects there were 3,169 fewer em ployees in September than in August. Losses in employment oc curred in building construction, in railroad construction, and in street and road projects. On the other hand, employment increased on miscellaneous projects and on water and sewerage construction. On Federal projects earnings per hour averaged 64% cents. Aver age hourly earnings ranged from 85 cents in building construction to 53 cents on public-road projects. On non-Federal projects average hourly earnings were 81 cents; the highest average hourly wage, 92K cents, was paid on building-construction projects. Federal construction projects are financed entirely by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government. The work is per formed either by commercial firms which have been awarded con tracts or by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies. Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to a State or one of its political sub divisions, but occasionally allotments are made to commercial firms. In making allotments to the States or their political subdivisions, the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total construction cost. The remaining 70 percent of the cost is financed by the recipient. The Public Works Adminis tration, in some instances, provides the additional financing by means of a loan; in other cases the loan is procured from outside sources. Loans made by the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date of maturity. Grants are not made to commercial firms, though loans are made. For the most part, commercial allotments have been made to rail roads. Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings, bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of loco motives and passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the 25 railroads; and third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in commercial shops. Information concerning the first type of railroad work, i. e., con struction, is shown in table 10, page 23. Employment in car and locomotive shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and locomotive shops is shown in a separate table. (See table 12, p. 26.) Comparisons by Geographic Divisions T h e decrease in employment on Federal construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration was shared by all parts of the country. The reduction was greatest, however, in the West North Central region where 15,679 fewer workers were employed. Although the reduction in the number oi workers engaged on Federal construction projects was country-wide, employment on non-Federal projects increased in 4 of the 9 geographic divisions. Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Public-Works Funds, September 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners Geographic division M axi mum number em ployed i W eekly average A ver age earn ings per hour Value of material orders placed 21,365,808 $0.645 2 $23,861,023 1,471,075 2, 673,350 2, 773,390 2,133,363 3, 396,025 3, 381,900 1, 541, 784 2,331,890 1,369, 429 293,602 .738 .702 .702 .565 .639 .556 .446 .709 .818 .510 808, 509 2, 219,160 1, 372,812 728,493 3, 258,109 1, 665,466 118.467 1.730, 598 1,143,198 316,211 Num ber of Am ount of man-hours pay rolls worked Federal projects All divisions______________________ 207,623 New England_____________________ M iddle Atlantic___ _______________ East North C entral.............. ........... W est North Central_______________ South Atlantic______________ ___ East South Central_______ _______ W est South Central_______________ M ountain_____________ ____ ____ Pacific______________ _________ ____ Outside continental United States.. 12,320 24, 696 29, 526 25, 608 34, 611 28, 790 18,150 18,949 12,083 2,890 199,595 $13,776,618 12,001 23, 376 28,331 24,175 33, 291 28, 412 17,963 18,184 11, 326 2,536 1,086, 039 1,876,119 1,947,496 1, 205,320 2,169,420 1,880, 641 687, 667 1, 653,950 1,120,346 149,620 Non-Federal projects 3 A ll division s......................... .............. 131,504 108, 511 $8,402,407 10,327,648 $0,814 $16,581,826 N ew England____ _____ ___________ M iddle Atlantic___________________ East North Central________ _______ W est North Central_______________ South Atlantic____________________ East South Central________ ______ W est South Central___ .___________ M ountain_________________________ Pacific____________________________ Outside continental United States.. 9,977 28,603 23, 466 21, 301 11,896 5,583 10, 716 4,861 14, 202 582 8,303 23, 697 19,359 17, 633 10,038 4, 573 8,490 3,999 11,693 464 661,535 2,133,308 1,441,944 1,382, 764 613,501 256,570 485,471 338, 202 1,048, 636 29,901 857,842 2, 264.635 1, 653,422 1,858, 282 905,133 393,481 767,185 408,160 1,158,569 43,446 .771 .942 .872 .744 .678 .652 .633 .829 .905 .688 1,336, 535 4,673,053 2, 757, 227 2, 780, 791 1,124, 799 545, 205 1, 223,588 506,153 1,532.836 73,066 1 M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects. 2 Includes $10,500,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public-road projects which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. 3 Includes data for 317 wage earners em ployed on projects financed from the Emergency Relief A ppro priation A ct of 1935. 26 Average hourly earnings on Federal projects were highest in the Pacific States and lowest in the West South Central States. On non-Federal projects the highest average earnings per hour were paid in the Middle Atlantic States and the lowest in the West South Central States. Details of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in Sep tember on construction projects financed by the Public Works Ad ministration are shown in table 11, by geographic divisions. Allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the rail roads for the purpose of building and repairing locomotives and passenger and freight cars provided jobs for 5,393 workers in Sep tember (see table 12). This is 242 employees less than the number reported engaged on work of this kind in August. Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway Car and Locomotive Shops on Work Financed from Public Works Administration Funds, September 1935 [Subject to revision] W age earners Geographic division Total, railroad and commercial shops___________ ____________ Maximum number employed i 5,393 Semi m onthly average (2) N um ber of Average Am ount of man-hours earnings pay rolls worked per hour $593,292 785,317 Value of material orders placed $0.755 (2) Railroad shops All divisions................................ N ew England............... ........... M iddle A tlantic.............. ........ 862 847 $46,461 66,620 $0,697 $12,047 44 818 44 803 2,909 43,552 3,667 62,953 .793 .692 5,438 6,609 Commercial shops All divisions..................................... 4,531 (2) M iddle Atlantic_____________ East N orth C e n tra l............... W est N orth Central............ West South Central................. 4,061 414 30 26 (2) (2) (2) (2) $546,831 473, 568 63, 642 5, 533 4,088 718,697 $0.761 (3) 609,425 90,996 9,663 8, 613 .777 .699 .573 .475 (2) (2) (2) (2) i M axim um number em ployed during either semimonthly period b y each shop. 3 Data not available. Monthly Trend E m p lo y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects from the beginning of the program in July 1933 to September 1935 are shown in table 13. 27 Table 13.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to September 1935, Inclusive, on Projects Financed from Public-Works Funds [Subject to revision] Maximum number of wage earners i Year and month July 1933 to September 1935, inclusive 2_ Am ount of pay rolls Num ber of man-hours worked $533,804,376 873, 208,415 Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed $0.611 $1,012,023,213 1933 J uly________________ ______________ August______________________________ September_______ ___________________ October___________________ ______ ___ N ovem ber.................................. .............. D ecem ber____________ ______ _______ 267 4,719 39, 535 146, 747 255, 512 300, 758 26,433 131,937 1,784, 996 6,353,835 11, 552,547 13,091,587 35, 217 206,990 3, 296,162 12,029, 751 21, 759, 245 24,391,546 .751 .637 .542 .528 .531 .537 (3) (3) 202,100 1, 628,537 4 23,351,150 24,568,577 25, 702, 750 1934 January__________ ___________________ February__________ __________ _____ M arch___________________ __________ _____ ___ A pril____________________ M a y ----------------------------------------- --------June___________________ _____________ July__________________ ____ _________ August_______________ _______ ______ September___________________________ October___________ _______ _______ N o v e m b e r _________ ______ _________ D ecem ber................................................. 298, 069 311,381 307, 274 382, 220 506, 056 610, 752 644, 729 629,907 575, 655 507,886 470,467 382, 594 12,646, 241 14, 348, 094 14,113, 247 18, 785,405 25, 942,387 33, 808,429 34, 845,461 36,480,027 32, 758, 795 29, 289, 216 28, 791, 297 22, 443, 944 23,409,908 26, 544,346 25, 501, 446 32,937, 649 46,052, 698 59, 873,309 60, 736, 768 61,925,300 53,427,096 46,632, 214 46,454,108 34,955,156 .540 .541 .553 .570 .563 .565 .574 .589 .613 .628 .620 .642 24,206,352 25,269, 537 5 69,766,559 « 68, 526, 223 5 50, 468,427 5 60, 797,939 e 53,377,997 «54,192,443 « 50,878,000 5 50,234,495 54,228,457 «45, 683,081 1935 January____________ ________ _______ February__________ _______________ __ M arch............... ......................................... A pril_________ ____ ____________ _____ M a y _______________________________ _ June__________________ ____ _________ J u ly_________________________________ A ugust------------------- --------------------------S eptem ber2---------------------------------------- 304, 723 272, 273 281,461 333, 045 394, 875 414,306 405, 332 394, 509 344, 520 18,462, 677 16, 896,475 17,400, 798 20,939, 741 24,490,087 25,386,962 24, £68, 785 25, 292, 656 22, 772,317 27, 478,022 25,144, 558 26,008,063 31,387, 712 36, 763,164 38,800,178 37,845,047 37,133,989 32,478,773 .672 .672 .669 .667 .667 .654 .660 .681 .701 s 30,746, <5 29,264,484 27, 276,566 31, 645,166 « 36,893,840 5 42,017,642 41, 936,424 47, 644,714 «41, 514, 896 1 Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-roads projects. 2 Includes data for 317 wage earners em ployed during September 1935 on projects financed from the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. 3 Orders placed for materials during July and August 1933, with exception of public-roads projects included in October 1933. 4 Includes orders placed for material for naval vessels prior to October 1933. 6 Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment. From July 1933 to September 1935 employees have received nearly $534,000,000 in wages for work at the site of Public Works Admin istration construction projects. During the same period the number of man-hours worked has exceeded 873,000,000 and hourly earnings have averaged 61 cents. Value of Material Orders Placed T h e value of materials for which orders have been placed from the beginning of the public-works program to September 1935 is shown in table 14, by type of material. 28 Table 14,— Value of Material Orders Placed for Public-Works Projects, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders T yp e of material A ll materials................................................................................................................... During From begin ning of pro month ending gram to Aug. Sept. 15, 15, 1935 1935 1 $970,508,317 $41,514,896 Textiles and their products: Awnings, tents, canvas, e t c .- ............... ....................... ...................................... 218,415 2,115 52,731 Carpets and ru g s ................................. ................................................................ 4,105 259,467 Cordage and tw in e ...-------- ------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------- 5,447 108,451 Cotton goods............ .............. ............................................................................. . 170,915 Felt goods...... ....................... ................. ....................................... ............. . 143 Jute goods........... ................................................ .................................................. 66,436 499 Linoleum _________________________ ___________________________________ 154,137 25,915 24, 977 Sacks and bags......................................... .......... .................................. ............... 1, 757 Upholstering materials, not elsewhere classified................... ............ ............ 125, 282 251 25, 792 122 W aste______________________ ___________________________________________ Forest products: 145,432 Cork products.................................................. ...................................................... 5, 573 539,263 Creosote________________________________________________ _____________ 35 45,008,968 1,344, 201 Lum ber and timber products, not elsewhere classified................................. Planing-mill products.._____ __________________________________________ 5,829,865 349, 373 W indow and door screens and weatherstrip__________ __________________ 92,946 2,814 Chemicals and allied products: Am m unition and related products........ ............ ............................................... 1,065, 726 5,076 294,888 Chemicals, miscellaneous-------------------------------------------------------- --------------13, 683 282, 200 Compressed and liquefied gases.......................................... ............................... 8,380 4,196,879 Explosives____________________________ ___________________________ _____ 183,967 Paints and varnishes................................. ............ .......... ....................... .......... 2, 298, 764 137,073 Stone, clay, and glass products: 70, 550 Asbestos products, not elsewhere classified..................................................... 767 14,018, 203 Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products------------------------------------ ------938, 574 127,094, 498 4, 441,332 Cement----------- ------- -------- ---------------- ------- --------------------------- ----------- -----19, 781, 997 1,105, 638 Concrete products------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------37,187,940 1,750, 295 Crushed stone------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------957,278 61,828 G la ss ..------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------183,274 1,842 L im e___ ________________________________________ ______________________ 16,122,862 Marble, granite, slate, and other stone prod ucts..____ __________________ 1,238,353 Minerals and earths, ground or otherwise treated....................... .................. 567 110,817 63,048,718 2,788,022 Sand and gravel_______________________________________________________ 2, 312, 303 144,641 Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo-------------------------- -----------------------------3, 055, 713 W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor com p osition..,........ 226,586 Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: 2,936,856 Bolts, nuts, washers, etc------------------------------------------------------ ----------------74,006 19, 323, 872 952,991 Cast-iron pipe and fittings___________________ _____ ____________________ Doors, shutters, and w indow sash and frames, molding and trim (m etal)5,421, 600 503, 738 813, 468 Firearms....... .............. ................................ .............. ............ .............................. Forgings, iron and steel_____________________________ ___________________ 4,799,180 177,174 Hardware, miscellaneous.______ ________________________________________ 5,362, 661 348,186 Heating and ventilating equipm ent................ ....................................... ......... 11, 274,976 859,864 1, 000,898 Nails and spikes____________ ___________________________________________ 38,842 Rail fastenings, excluding spikes____________________ __________________ 5,821, 802 2,118 Rails, steel_____ ____________ __________________________________________ 20,068,080 48, 605 Springs, steel__________________________________________________________ 590,682 Steel-works and rolling-mill products, not elsewhere classified__________ 64, 332,347 1, 721,185 Stoves and ranges, other than electric.____ _____________________________ 286, 324 10, 896 Structural and reinforcing steel_________________________________________ 80,608, 519 6,152,993 Switches, railway______ _______________________ ________________________ 721,713 Tools, other than machine tools___________________ _____________________ 4, 921,087 183,459 W ire products, not elsewhere classified_______________ __________________ 5, 433,974 325, 649 W rought pipe__________________________________________________________ 2, 251, 635 110, 678 Nonferrous metals and their products: Aluminum manufactures................................................................................... 263,101 12, 269 Copper products......... ........................ .............. ............................. .................. 640, 695 17, 065 Lead products______ _____ _____________________________________________ 244, 799 12, 336 Nonferrous-metal alloys and products, not elsewhere classified................. 1,293, 871 53, 432 Sheet-metal w o r k ..____________ ________________________________________ 2,658,117 97, 255 Zinc products........................................................................................... ............ 56,128 528 M achinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies..................... ......................... 44,977, 291 2, 014, 405 Elevators and elevator equipment___________________________ _______ 1,288,886 135, 362 Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels_____________ ___________ 14, 505, 512 1,382,437 Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified__________ 102, 345, 341 3, 719,185 Machine tools__________________________________________________________ 5, 781, 272 164,179 Meters (gas, water, etc.) and gas generators_______ _____________________ 593, 312 30, 455 Pumps and pumping equipment____________ ___________________________ 12, 425,910 533,966 Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus____ ___________ 721, 355 282. 329 1 Includes $28,573 worth of material orders placed for projects financed from the Emergency Relief Appropriation A ct of 1935. 29 Table 14,— Value of Material Orders Placed for Public-Works Projects, by Type of Material and Industry Groups— Continued Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material Transportation equipment—air, land, and water: Aircraft (new )................... ....................................................... Airplane parts............. ........................................................... Boats, steel and wooden (small)......... .................................. Carriages and wagons........................................ .................... Locomotives, other than steam______________________ Locomotives, steam__________ _____ ___________________ Motorcycles and parts_________________________________ M otor vehicles, passenger...................... ............................... M otor vehicles, trucks............................... ........................... Railway cars, freight............................................................... Railway cars, mail and express___________ ____ ______ Railway cars, passenger...................................................... Miscellaneous: Belting, miscellaneous................. ............ ............................. Coal__________ _______________________ ____________ ___ Electric wiring and fixtures_________ __________________ Furniture, including store and office fixtures______ ____ Instruments, professional and scientific.............................. Mattresses and bed springs................................................... M odels and patterns________________ ____ _____________ Paper products_____________________________ __________ Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified. Petroleum products_______________ ___________ ________ Photographic apparatus and materials ............. ................ Plumbing supplies, not elsewhere classified...................... Radio apparatus and supplies_________________ ________ Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified........ ............... R ubber goods_____ ____________________________________ Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and Theatrical scenery and stage equipm ent_______________ W indow shades and fixtures____________ __________ ___ Other materials___ _____________________ __________ ___ During From begin ning of pro month ending gram to Aug. Sept. 15, 1935 15, 1935 $5,755,768 5,085, 791 1, 311, 475 30, 757 11,818,333 6,837, 084 274, 395 513,038 8, 867, 448 35, 586, 466 429, 443 8,893, 300 32,927 1, 582, 544 7,232, 467 2, 988, 543 1, 795,803 54, 226 22,159 69, 260 15, 388, 389 30, 329,010 185, 760 10,129,005 871, 277 3, 306, 578 460, 495 931, 638 45, 256 160, 694 40,848,057 $8, 937 609 64, 672 591 4,145 31, 783 1,060,000 989 44,072 851,855 463, 730 11, 756 5, 060 1,071 3, 597 646, 211 1,472, 334 442 584, 223 50, 276 191, 309 16, 425 47,918 795 2,887 1,194, 648 Since the beginning of the public-works program, orders have been placed for materials valued at over $1,012,000,000. It is estimated that in fabricating this material, approximately 3,306,000 manmonths of labor have been, or will be created. Materials for which orders were placed in September will create about 135,000 man-months of labor. This accounts only for labor required in the fabrication of material in the form in which it is to be used. In the manufacture of brick, for example, only the labor em ployed in the manufacturing process is included. No estimate is made of the labor required in taking the clay from the pits or in transporting the clay and other materials used in the manufacturing process. In fabricating steel rails, the only labor counted is that occurring in the rolling mills. An estimate is not made for the labor created in mining, smelting, and transporting the ore; nor for the labor in the blast furnaces, the open-hearth furnaces, nor the bloom ing mills. 30 In obtaining information concerning man-months of labor created in fabricating materials, each firm receiving a material order which is to be financed from the public-works fund, from the United States Government, or from State governments or their political subdivi sions is sent a questionnaire. It is requested that the manufacturer fill in this form estimating the number of man-hours created in the plant in manufacturing the material specified in the contract. For materials purchased directly by contractors, the Bureau estimates the man-months of labor created. This estimate is made by using the experience of manufacturing plants as shown by the Census of Manufacturers, 1933. T h e W orks Program T h e Works Program provided employment for nearly 336,000 wage earners in September.1 This is an increase of approximately 193,000 in comparison with the number employed in August. Of the total number employed, 259,000 were working on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration and 76,000 were employed by the various Federal agencies receiving allotments from funds provided by the Emergency Relief Act of 1935. A detailed record by type of project, of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed by The Works Program in September is given in table 15. Compared with the previous month, pronounced increases in em ployment were registered in all types of Federal projects financed by The Works Program. Professional, technical, and clerical projects and grade-crossing-elimination projects, appearing for the first time in September, had 3,007 and 255 employees, respectively. Average earnings per hour for all projects were 48 cents. The relatively high average hourly earnings shown on reclamation projects was the result of the higher wages paid to a group of employees working on projects formerly financed by the Public Works Administration. Details concerning projects operated by the Works Progress Ad ministration are given by type of project for the first time in Septem ber. Of the total number employed on these projects more than 88,000 were engaged in highway, street, and road work. Average hourly earnings ranged from a high ol 64 cents in housing projects to a low of 31 cents paid on transportation work. Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed by The Works Program in September are given in table 16, by geographic divisions. i Unless otherwise expressly stated, when September is referred to in this study, it may be accepted as meaning the month ending Sept. 15. 31 Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program, September 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners T yp e of project Amount of Number of Maximum W eekly pay rolls man-hours worked aver number em p loyed 1 age A ver age earn ings per hour Value of material orders placed Federal projects A ll projects....................................... - 76, 524 69,132 $3,754,773 7,815, 795 Building construction....................... Electrification......... ............ ............... Forestry__________________________ Grade-crossing eliminations___ ___ Public roads....................... ................ R eclam ation--------------------------------River, harbor, and flood control___ Streets and roads__________ _______ Water and sewerage_______________ Professional, technical, and clerical. Miscellaneous............. ............. .......... 10,396 86 16,352 255 1,881 7,994 9,977 4,029 484 3,007 22,063 9,169 85 16, 352 188 1, 394 7,948 8,241 3, 547 473 3,007 18, 728 457,339 2,466 733,255 6,214 55,066 652, 681 487,153 183, 794 11,496 162, 695 1,002, 614 915, 514 6, 251 1, 763,068 13, 382 130,406 909,610 977,163 406,179 27, 302 291,180 2, 375, 740 $0.480 $4,071,945 .500 .394 .416 .464 .422 .718 .499 .452 .421 .559 .422 580, 780 13,957 (5) 33,587 94,589 955,051 1, 250,839 195,43$ 47,475 136, 238 763,996 Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration All projects...................................................... Highway, road, and street................ ........... Public building.............................................. H o u s in g ................. ............ ........................... Recreational facilities *.............................. Conservation_____________ ______________ Publicly owned or operated utilities ®____ Rural electrification and electric utilities- . Transportation________ __________________ Professional, technical, and clerical........... N ot elsewhere classified................................ 3 259,315 36,183 1, 310 65,115 6, 627 17, 555 88 5, 111 30, 682 36, 653 $11, 728, 579 24, 517,735 3,020, 780 1,628, 678 84, 701 2, 584, 599 171, 327 675, 213 3,176 116, 313 1,827,357 1,616, 435 7,815,161 2,806, 783 133,126 5,148,074 435,467 1,453,171 7,467 379, 209 2, 993,197 3, 346,080 1.478 *$5,291,460 . 387 .580 .636 .502 .393 .465 .425 .307 .611 .483 2,170, 536 662, 561 279 720, 304 184,675 420,615 0 45,957 57, 544 1,028,989 i M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. a Data not reported. 3 A total of 28,699 persons who worked on projects of more than 1 type are shown in each of the types of projects on which they worked. The number of different persons employed during the month is shown in the total. * Value of material orders placed from the beginning of program to Sept. 30, 1935. « Exclusive of buildings. « Exclusive of electric utilities. Employment in September on Federal projects financed by The Works Program increased sharply in all geographic divisions. Com pared with August, the gain in the number of workers for all divi sions was approximately 47,000. The largest gain for the month was reported by the Pacific Coast States, where 8,758 more workers were employed in September than in August. Nearly half (124,291) of the total number of workers engaged on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration were employed in the Middle Atlantic region. The smallest number, 268 workers, were employed in New England. Average earnings per hour ranged from a high of 58 cents in the Middle Atlantic States to a low of 22 cents in the East South Central States. 28274— 35-------5 32 Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program, September 1935 [Subject to revision! Wage earners Geographic division M axi A m ount of mum num W eekly pay rolls ber average em ployed 1 N um ber of manhours worked A ver age earn ings per hour Value of material orders placed Federal projects A ll divisions...................................................... N ew England................................................... M iddle A tlantic............................................... East N orth Central......................................... West North Central..... .................................. South A tla n tic................................................. East South Central—..................................... W est South Central........................................ M ountain........................................................... P a c i f i c ............................................................. Outside continental United States............. 76,524 69,132 4, 458 14,145 9,549 8.121 11,098 2,875 3,214 11,003 11,718 343 $3,754,773 3,787 12,670 8, 298 7,102 9,947 2,621 2,941 10,584 10,850. 332 214,558 795,133 431,883 374,140 405,035 98,012 115,343 487,958 784,903; 47,808 7, 815,795 466,391 1,453,200 917,478 848,192 1,016,051 256,806 292, 761 1,116,194 1, 386,389 62,333 $0.480 2 $4,071,945 .460 .547 .471 .441 .399 .382 .394 .437 .566 .767 142,997 765,404 422,757 452,560 504,521 47.741 71,683 77,482 782,898 50,534 Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration All divisions...................................................... s 259,315 (*) $11,728,579 24,517, 735 N ew E ngland.................................................. M iddle A tlantic. - .......... ................................ E$3t North C en tra l.:..................................... West N orth Ceritral..... .................................. South A tla n tic................................................ East South Central............... ........................ West South Central........................................ M ountain....................................................... . (*) (*) (*) (*) (<) (<) (<) (*) 9,544 30, 480 8,167,867 14, 031,574 2,190,360 4,863,336 85, 919 192, 595 520,556 2,095,784 471,937 2,133,011 244,049 1,058, 956 38,347 111, 999 268 124,291 63,077 2,827 26,597 28,546 12, 318 1,391 $0.478 4$5,291,460 .313 . 582 .450 .446 .248 .221 .230 .342 (*) («) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (*) 1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes $753,368 for which a distribution b y geographic divisions is not available. 3 A total of 28,(599 persons who worked on projects of more than one type are shown in each of the types of projects on which they worked. The number of different persons em ployed during the m onth is shown in the total. * N o t available. * Value of material orders placed from the beginning of program to Sept. 30, 1935. Monthly Trend E m p lo y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed by The Works Program from the beginning of the program in July 1935 to September 1935 are given in table 17. The value of material orders placed for Federal projects financed by The Works Program from the beginning of the program to Sep tember 15 is given in table 18, by type of material. 33 Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July to September 1935, Inclusive, on Projects Financed by The Works Program [Subject to revision] M axim um of number Am ount of Number man-hours pay rolls of wage worked earners 1 M onth and year Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed Federal projects July to September 1935, inclusive---------- ------1935 J uly __ _______ ______________ ____________ A ugust-----------------.................... ..................... September_________ ________________________ 5,131 32,672 76, 524 $5,247,602 11,214,915 276,839 1,215,990 3,754,773 607,318 2,791,802 7,815, 795 $0,468 $5,920,296 .456 .436 .480 164,004 1,684, 347 4,071,945 Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration August to September 1935, inclusive--------------- _______ ... $15, 019,903 30,495,501 $0.493 $5, 291,460 1935 August ___ __ ____________________ September i —_______ _______________ _________ 5,977, 766 24,517,735 .551 3, 202,136 . 478 ■2,089,324 113, 299 259,315 3, 291,324 11,728,579 1 M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. Table 18.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Federal Projects Financed by The Works Program, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T ype of material All materials.. From begin ning of pro During month gram to Aug. ending Sept. 15, 1935 15, 1935 $1,848,351 $4,071,945 454 477 4,961 92 580 156 630 Construction projects Textiles and their products: Awiiings, tents, 'canVas, etc------------------------------------------- — Cordage and twine--------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------Cotton goods.. ..----- ----------------------------------------------------------------Linoleum------ ---------------- ---- ---------------------------------------------------------Sacks and b a g s ..---------------- ---------------------------------------------------------W aste_______ —- ------------- ------------------------------------------------------------Forest products: Creosote-------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lumber and timber products, not elsewhere specified....... ........... Planing-mill products___________________________________________ W indow and door screens and weatherstrip______________________ Chemicals and allied products: Chemicals, miscellaneous________________________________________ Compressed and liquefied gases..________________________________ Explosives_______________________________________________________ Paints and varnishes_________________________________ ______ ___ Stone, clay, and glass products: Asbestos products, not elsewhere specified------- -------------------------Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products.-------------- ---------Cement___________________________ ____ _______ _________________ Concrete products........ ................... ....................................................... Crushed stone--------------------------------------------- ---------------------Glass____ __ ________________________________________ ___________ L im e____________________________________________________________ Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products— .......................... Minerals and earths, ground or otherwise treated------------------------Sand and gravel---------------------------------------------------------------------------Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo______________________ _______ W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor composition.. 175,308 16,013 34 36 131 8,526 28,101 46 17,234 706,023 31,600 25,236 2,143 19 28,284 206,170 2,594 5,375 21 14 533,947 28, 268 139 3,014 7, 246 57,808 28,534 88,637 27,677 47,572 1,013 128 36,122 130 73,706 1,785 5,836 34 Table 18.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Federal Projects Financed by the Works Program, by Type of Material and Industry Groups— Continued Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material From begin ning of pro During month gram to Aug. ending Sept. 15, 1935 15, 1935 Construction projects—Continued Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, etc___________________ __________________________ Cast-iron pipe and fittings_____ _____________ _________ ____ __________ Doors, shutters, and window sash and frames, molding and trim (metal) _ Forgings, iron and steel_____ __________________ ____________ ___________ Hardware, miscellaneous_________ ____________________________________ Heatins and ventilating equipm ent.______ _____________________________ Nails and spikes___________________________ .. _______________________ Rail fastenings, excluding spikes_______________ ______________ _________ Rails, steel______ . _____ _______________________________________________ Steel-works and rolling-mill products, not elsewhere classified____ ______ Structural and reinforcing steel________________________ _______________ Switches, railway____ __ _______________________________________________ Tools, other than machine tools ______________________________________ W ire products, not elsewhere classified_____________ ____________________ W rought pipe_______________ _________________ __________ ______ _____ Nonferrous metals and their products: Copper products _______________________ _______ ______________________ Lead products ________________________________________________________ Nonferrous-metal alloys and products, not elsewhere classified _______ Sheet-metal work______________________________________________________ Zinc products _ ____ ________________ __________________________ _____ Machinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies________________ _________ Elevators and elevator equipm ent____________________________________ Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels______________ ____________ Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified____ ______ Machine tools___________________________ _ __ ____________________ Meters 'gas, water, etc.) and gas generators____________________________ Pumps and pumping e q u ip m e n t.________ __________________________ Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus_______________ Transportation equipment—air, land, and water: Boats, steel and wooden (small) _ _ ____________________________________ Locom otives, steam_______________ ____ ________________________________ ___________________________________________ M otor vehicles, passenger M otor vehicles, trucks____ _____________________________________________ Miscellaneous: C oal___ _______________________ ______________________________________ Electric wiring and fixtures____ ___ ___________ '_______________ ______ Furniture, including store and office fixtures___________________________ Instruments, professional and scientific________________________________ Models and patterns ________________________________________________ Paper products _____________________________________________________ Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified________________ Petroleum products___ ___________________ ______i ______________ _______ Photographic apparatus and m aterials.________________________________ Plum bing supplies, not elsewhere classified____________________________ Radio apparatus and supplies__________ ___ ____________________ _____ Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified_____ ______________ ______ Rubber goods.................................................................................................. ..... Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets________ W indow shades and fixtures___________________________________________ Other materials ______ _________________________________________________ $4,335 20,120 5,597 1,255 14, 449 14 918 3,014 3,095 30, 322 84,564 6,586 12,337 1,392 59 663 2 32,883 1,511 44, 546 138,026 1,641 11, 909 103 $6,887 87,823 8,408 10,325 51,975 9, 733 13, 602' 248 86 246,499 188, 520’ 2,207 279,864 125,110 61,530* 10,046 198 1,660 13,999 33,396 1,095 110, 650 593, 726 5,102 800 58, 446 50 391 39 2,428 15, 599 236 475 259 90 36,174 35,870 89 13,450 6,821 284 137 49,313 1,500 846 58,925 9,93© 45,957 4,415 1,118 7 i7>,m 114i#89 21*045 54,065 46,429 53,938 3,779 5,360 1,452 624, 574 Professional, technical, and clerical projects Computing machines___________ _____ _____ ___________________________ Furniture......................- ............................- __________________ ____________ Office supplies_________ ______________________________________ _________ Stationery_______ _____ _______ ____________________________ __________ T yp ew riters.____________ _________________ ____________________ _______ Other office machines _____________________ _____________________ ______ Other materials. _____________ ______ ____ ____________ ________________ Rental of machinery and equipm ent________________ ____ ______________ 17,810 56,682 15, 606 24,500' 13,985 337 1,838 5,480 35 The total value of material orders placed on Federal projects since the beginning of the program has amounted to $5,920,000. It is estimated that in fabricating these materials approximately 19,300 man-months of labor have been or will be created. The value of material orders placed for projects operated by the Works Progress Administration, from the beginning of the program to September 30, is presented in table 19, by type of material. Table 19,— Value of Material Orders Placed for Projects Operated by Works Progress Administration by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] T yp e of material A ll m aterials..______ ________________________ ________ _______________________ ________ Lumber and its products (excluding furniture) _____________________________________ Paints and varnishes ________________ . __ __ _ ______________________________________ Sand and gravel____ _________________ __ __________________ ________________________ ■Crushed stone______________ __________ ______________________ ______ _______________ Cem ent______________ ________ _ _________ ______ ___________ ____________ ______ 'Concrete products____ __________________________________________________ _____ ________ Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products. . . . . _ - _____ __________ ________________ Stone and glass products, not elsewhere classified . ___________________________________ Structural and reinforcing steel________ __________ ____________ ___________ ____________ Cast iron and pipe fittings____ ____________________ _ ________________________________ Plum bing equipment and supplies............................... ................................................... ............ Heating and ventilating equipment and supplies...... .............. ............ .............................. ....... T ools (excluding machine tools)________ _________________________________ _____________ Other iron and steel products, not elsewhere classified___ ____ ___________ _____________ Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies . . _ ___ _____ _____ ______ _________ ____ Paving machinery, apparatus, and supplies_______ ____ ___________________ _____ ______ M otor tr u c k s _____ _ __________________________ - _________________ __ ___________ __ Other machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified______________________________ Paving materials and mixtures (bitum inous). ____ _________ _____ ______ _____________ Petroleum products, not elsewhere classified...................... ............... ........ .................... .......... Office supplies and equipment (including furniture)____________________________________ Miscellaneous______ _________________________________ _______ _______________ ... Value of ma terial orders placed from beginning of program to Sept. 30, 1935 $5,291,460 672,611 103, 749 274,880 395, 542 562,737 220,967 174,969 227,606 310,344 212,711 20,435 20,003 210,040 125,940 79,466 5,402 46,656 1,006, 279 172,355 72,803 375,965 Since the beginning of the program, orders for materials on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration have amounted to more than $5,290,000. It is estimated that in fabricating these materials approximately 17,300 man-months of labor have been or will be created. Emergency-Work Program E m p l o y m e n t on the emergency-work program of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration declined sharply between the last week in August and the last week in September. For the week ended September 26 the number of workers on the pay rolls of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration totaled 581,966. Compared with the number reported for the week ended August 29 this represents a decrease of 27 percent. Pay-roll disbursements also showed a pro nounced decrease. The total pay roll of more than $5,200,000 was 27 percent less than in the week ending August 29. (See table 20.) 36 Table 20.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work Program, Weeks Ending Aug. 29 and Sept. 26 [Subject to revision] N um ber of employees week ending— Am ount of pay roll week ending— Geographic division Sept. 26 Aug. 29 Sept. 26 A ug. 29 A ll divisions_______ Percentage change._ 581,966 -2 7 .3 800,108 $5, 231,103 -2 6 . 8 $7,143,194 N ew England______ M iddle Atlantic____ East North CentralW est North Central South Atlantic_____ East South CentralW est South Central. M ountain__________ Pacific_____________ 130,615 69,668 42,910 40,282 101,356 56, 701 97, 916 29, 816 12, 702 131,896 93,262 95, 235 76,068 153,806 58,120 120,407 35,111 36,203 1,651,651 940, 425 505,224 270, 785 582,050 282,828 539,055 281,195 177,890 1,482, 722 1, 559, 577 1,033,854 503, 766 814,036 287,806 554,617 362,470 544,346 Decreases occurred in the number of workers employed in all of the nine geographic divisions. Nearly half of the total decrease, however, was accounted for by the South Atlantic and East North Central States. New England, with a loss of 1,281 workers, showed the smallest decrease in the number of workers employed on projects of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The monthly record of the number of workers employed and pay roll disbursements of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration from the beginning of the program in April 1934 through September 1935 is given in table 21. Table 21.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work Program, April 1934 to September 1935 M onth N um ber of employees Am ount of pay roll M onth N um ber of employees A m ount o f pay roll 1984 A p ril____________________ M a y ____________________ J u n e .. _________________ J u ly_____________________ August______ ___________ S eptem ber.. .... .......... October________ ________ N ovem ber__ ___________ D ecem ber_______________ 1,176,818 1, 362, 648 1, ,5Q4, 838 1, 725, 517 1, 924,173 1, 950, 227 1,996,716 2,159.145 2,315,753 $38, 970, 679 42, 702, 606 42,423.574 47, 367, 349 54, 921, 432 50, 289, 798 53,902,023 62,849, 769 61, 925,877 1935 January___ ______________ February________________ M arch___ _____ ______ A pril____ ____________ M a y _________ ___________ J u n e . . __ ___________ July___ ___________ A u gu st1________________ September___ __________ 2,472,091 2, 461, 730 2, 402, 018 2, 308, 838 2,228, 545 2,021,060 1, 928, 789 1,410, 513 885,765 $71,683, 578 63,621,526 62,865, 956 62, 344,399 64, 559, 740 54, 260,051 53,136,834 38, 925.474 21,337,302 1 Revised. Employment and pay rolls on the emergency-work program con tinued to decline in September. According to preliminary figures the estimated employment for the month was 885,765. This does not mean, however, that during any given week this total was reached. Because of the fact that a limit is placed on the earnings of em ployees, not more than 70 percent of this number are working at any one time. 37 Emergency Conservation Work A d e c r e a s e is likewise shown for September in the number of men employed in Civilian Conservation Camps. As against 590,362 in August, the total number of workers at Civilian Conservation Camps dropped to 534,057 in September, a decline of 9.5 percent (table 22). Reductions were reported both in the enrolled personnel and the number of supervisory and technical workers, but the number of reserve officers and educational advisers increased slightly. Pay-roll disbursements for the month totaled $24,397,000, a decrease of 7 per cent compared with August. Although below the level of the month preceding, both the number of workers and wage disbursements in September were higher than for any month except August since the beginning of the program. Table 22,— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work, August and September 1935 Num ber of employees Amount of pay rolls Group September August September August A ll groups____________________________________ 534,057 2 590, 362 $24, 397,417 2 $26, 235,863 Enrolled personnel___________________________ Reserve officers____________________ _________ Educational advisers 3____ ____________________ Supervisory and technical4_____ _____________ i 460,143 10, 552 2,190 « 61,172 i 2 515,970 10, 527 1, 968 2 6 61,897 i 14, 370, 261 2,651, 734 367, 336 * 7,008,086 i 2 16,113,738 2, 643, 841 329, 642 2 8 7,148, 642 1 Includes enrolled employees in the Virgin and Hawaiian Islands. 2 Revised. 3 Included in executive service table. 4 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers, also supervisory employees in the Virgin and Hawaiian Islands. * 44,722 employees and pay roll of $5,815,421 included in executive service table. « 42,125 employees and pay roll of $5,543,274 included in executive service table. The employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation workers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed as follows: 5 percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remaining 87 percent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are provided with board, clothing, and medical services. 38 State-Road Projects C o m p a r e d with August, a moderate decrease occurred in September in the number of employees working on State-road projects. The decrease was due to a 4.7 percent drop in the number of workers employed in maintenance. On the other hand, employment in new road construction showed a small gain. Of the 197,000 workers employed on State-road projects in September, 21 percent were en gaged in building new roads and 79 percent in maintenance work. Pay-roll disbursements of more than $8,400,000 were 6.9 percent less than in August. Both employment and pay rolls, however, with the exception of August were higher than in any previous month of the current year. Details concerning employment and pay-roll disbursements in building and maintaining State roads in August and September are given in table 23, by geographic divisions. T a b le 2 3 .— E m p lo y m e n t on Construction and M ain ten a n ce o f S tate R oa d s b y Geographic D iv ision , A u gu st and Septem ber 1935 1 N ew roads Geographic division Num ber of employees Maintenance Amount of pay roll Septem August September ber August Num ber of employees Am ount of pay roll Septem August September ber August A ll divisions...................... 40,431 Percentage change. . +0.75 40,130 $1,840,666 $1,907,601 156,187 163,960 $6, 594, 559 $7,155,503 -4 .7 4 -3 .5 1 -7 .8 4 N ew England....... ............ 15,037 1,561 M iddle A tla n tic.._ .......... 6,939 East North Central......... 2,195 West N orth Central........ 6,874 South A tlantic.................. 2,176 East South Central_____ W est South Central____ 2,288 M ountain........ ............. . 1,371 Pacific............................... . 1,990 O u ts id e c o n tin e n ta l United States_________ 11,812 1,824 7,234 2,748 8,205 2,426 3,092 1,299 1,490 658,808 116, 599 416,248 103,050 122,894 85,014 86,000 103,420 148,633 668, 726 145,118 433,814 108, 764 143,989 86,991 116, 424 85, 747 118,028 10,174 34,732 23,668 21,898 29,113 9,944 13, 774 7,542 5,187 18,578 28,721 24,713 22,549 31, 543 10, 700 14,291 7,017 5,678 615, 517 1,080, 608 1,129, 250 875,625 933, 502 333, 625 668,267 484, 576 434,913 924,499 1,131, 523 1, 265, 313 764,367 1,026,321 362,174 770, 225 427, 643 470,423 155 170 38, 676 13,015 1 Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from public-works funds. In comparison with August, 6 of the 9 geographic divisions showed decreases in the number of workers employed on new-road construc tion in September. The total employment in September for all divi sions, however, was greater than the previous month, chiefly because of a gain of more than 3,000 workers in New England. The increase in employment in the New England region was accompanied, however, by a fall in pay-roll disbursements, due to the reduced working time of a large group of force-account employees. In maintenance work, 7 of the 9 geographic divisions and the area outside continental United States shows decreased employment in September. The New England States, with 8,404 fewer workers, had the most pronounced loss and the Middle Atlantic States, with 6,011 more employees, registered the greatest gain for the month. 39 Construction Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation C o n s t r u c t i o n projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation provided employment for 9,301 workers in September. This is slightly lower than in August when 9,415 workers were em ployed. Pay-roll disbursements were also moderately lower than in the previous month. Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor poration during September are given in table 24, by type of project. T a b le 2 4 .— E m p lo y m e n t and P a y R olls on Projects Financed b y the R econstruc tion Finance Corporation, b y T y p e o f P roject, Septem ber 1935 [Subject to revision] T yp e of project All projects - __ ______________________ Bridges___________ _______________________ Building construction____________________ Railroad construction____________________ Reclam ation_____________________________ Water and sewerage . _________________ M iscella n eou s___ _______________________ Num ber of Amount of N um ber of wage earn payrolls man-hours worked ers Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed 9,301 $957,846 1,271,475 $0.753 $1,016,202 2,478 32 41 370 5,020 1,360 199,043 1,692 5,601 19,596 58?, 550 148,364 210, 057 1,815 8,019 40,935 798,450 212,199 .948 .932 .698 .479 . 731 .699 287,272 3,766 734 2,536 695,603 26,291 With the exception of bridge and railroad construction, employ ment on every type of project was lower in September than in August. From the viewpoint of the amount of work created, water and sewerage projects were by far the most important, accounting for virtually two-thirds of the total number of man-hours worked on con struction projects of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in September. Hourly earnings on all types of projects averaged 75 cents. Table 25 gives a break-down by geographic divisions of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in September. T a b le 2 5 .— E m p lo y m e n t and P a y R olls on P rojects F inanced b y the R econstruc tion Finan ce Corporation, b y Geographic D ivision s, Septem ber 1935 [Subject to revision] Geographic division Number of Number of Amount of man-hours employees pay rolls worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed A ll divisions........................ ............................ 9,301 $957,846 v 1, 271,475 $0. 753 $1,016,202 M iddle Atlantic__________ __________ ____ East North Central........................................ East South Central----- ----------------------------West South Central....................................... M ountain.......................... . ............................. P a c ific ._______________ ________ ________ 68 387 41 78 370 8,357 3,755 34,130 5, 601 11, 738 19, 596 883, 026 4,205 32,102 8, 019 12, 089 40,935 1,174,125 .893 1. 063 .698 . 971 .479 .752 3,766 57,097 734 2,536 952, 069 40 Compared with August three geographic divisions showed decreases in employment in September. Two regions, the West South Central and the Pacific registered increases, and in the East South Central the level of employment remained unchanged. Although hourly earnings for all divisions averaged 75 cents, the average for workers in the East North Central region was $1.06 and workers in the Mountain States averaged only 48 cents. In 3 of the 6 geographic divisions average hourly earnings showed increases over the previous month. To some extent the spread in average earnings is explained by the differences in the types of construction projects. An indication of the employment created indirectly by construc tion projects of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation is given in table 26, which shows the value of different materials for which orders were placed during the month ended September 15, and the cumu lative total value of material orders placed since March 15, 1934. T a b le 2 6 .— V alue o f M aterial Orders P laced for Projects Financed b y the R e co n struction Finan ce C orporation, b y T y p e o f M aterial Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material From Mar. During period 15, 1934, to Aug. 15 to Aug. 15,1935 Sept. 15, 1935 A ll materials_____________________________ ______________ ...______ ______ Textiles and their products: Awnings, tents, canvas___________________________ ____________________ Cordage and twine ____________ _________________________________ Cotton g o o d s ._________________________________________________________ Felt goods____ _____________ ___________________________________________ Forest products: _ . . __ ____ Cork products ___ __________ Lum ber and timber products, not elsewhere classified____ ____________ Planing-mill products_____ ______________________________. ____________ Chemicals and allied products: Compressed' and liquefied gases___ _____________________________________ ______________ _________________________ _____________________ Explosives Paints and va rn ish es............................................................ ............................. Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products, not elsewhere classified___ C em ent_________________________________ ____________ __________ _ ______________________ Concrete _________ products __________________ Crushed stone_____ ____________________________________. . _________ ... Glass ________________________ _____________________________________ ______ __________________ ______________________________ L im e_______ Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products...... . . ..................... .......... Sand and gravel____________________________________ _ ________________ Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo__ _______ ____ ______________________ W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor com position_____ Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts;, washers, e t c __ :_____ ____________________________ ________ Cast-iron pipe and fittings._____ ________________________________ ____ Forgings, iron and s t e e l _______ _____ . __________ _________________ Hardware, miscellaneous__________________________________ ____________ Heating arid ventilating equipm ent____________________________ ________ Rails, steel________________ _____ - - ______________________ Steel works and rolling-mill products, not elsewhere classified__________ Structural and reinforcing steel_____________ ____ ______________________ Tools, other than machine. __________________ ___________________ ____ Wire and wirewoiPk, hot elsewhere classified.................... . _ . . . ._ . _ Nonferrous metals and their products: Copper p r o d u c ts ___________________ __________________________________ Lead products. - ________________ __________ __________________________ ...... Sheet-metal w o r k s............. . . . ........ ...................................... $43,000, 806 $1,016,202 1,058 6, 819 72, 268 4,447 2, 500 1, 495, 819 5, 500 44,038 68, 541 1, 254,233 37, 947 2,977 45,805 363,830 2,358, 383 1, 806, 449 44,868 3,157 8,850 132, 378 486,432 3,979 9,115 437,410 12,063 796, 684 77, 382 42,351 20,032,572 2,942,770 95,274 646,913 2,079, 545 1,021 81, 538 193,329 19, 918 17,015 2, 877 1, 392 44’ 849 28, 510 3, 333 1,268 129,487 241,997 1,112 41 Table 26.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Projects Financed by the Recon struction Finance Corporation, by Type of Material— Continued Value T ype of material Machinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies___________ ____ Elevators and elevator equipm ent____________________________ Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified_____________ Machine tools____ _________________________ Pumps and pumping equipment_______________________ Transportation equipment—air, land, and water: M otor vehicles....................... ............ ...... Miscellaneous: Coal______________________________________________________ Electric wiring and fixtures___________________ _____________ Furniture, including store and office fixtures_______________ __ Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified............ Petroleum products__________________________________________ Plumbing supplies, not. elsewhere classified...________________ Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified_____________________ Rubber goods________________________________________________ Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and s Other materials__________________ __________________ of material orders placed— From Mar. During period 15, 1934, to Aug. 15 to Aug. 15,1935 Sept. 15,1935 $1. 346, 971 4, 546 3,358,030 1, 968 38,075 $21, 388 140,838 2, 748 52, 689 22, 393 1, 780 33, 661 610,832 244, 223 4, 516 59, 892 67, 437 1, 600,859 ------- 1,393 3,120 28, 359 2,156 6,187 51, 852 Between March 15, 1934, and September 15, 1935, the value of materials ordered have totaled more than $44,000,000. Over $37,000,000 (85 percent) of this total has been expended for the follow ing 9 types of materials: Steelworks and rolling-mill products; lumber and timber products; explosives; cement; concrete products; struc tural and reinforcing steel; copper products; electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies; and foundry and machine-shop products. The value of orders placed between August 15 and September 15 of $241,997 for wire and wirework was larger than for any other type of material. Construction. Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations M o r e than 45,000 workers were employed at the site of construc tion projects financed from regular governmental appropriations in September. This represents an increase of more than 9,000 in com parison with the number employed in August. Pay rolls for Sep tember totaled $3,199,000, an increase of $504,000 over the previous month. The following tables present data concerning construction projects on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to that date. Detailed statistics of employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked in September on construction projects financed from direct appropriation made to the various Federal departments and agencies are shown in table 27, by type of project. 42 Table 27.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, September 1935 Wage e£irners T yp e of project Maximum number 1 employed A ll projects..................... - ....................... 2 45,592 Building construction............................ N aval vessels............ .............................. Public roads 3............... ........................... Reclam ation_________ ________ . _____ R iver, harbor, and flood control_____ Streets and roads.............. ..................... Water and sewerage............................... Miscellaneous........... .............................. 6,689 7,703 (<) 461 12,330 2,959 37 1,535 W eekly average Amount of Num ber of Average earnings pay rolls man-hours worked per hour 42,387 $3,199,785 5,066,873 420,855 868,622 919,247 31, 236 788,226 103,438 3,674 64,487 555,082 1,044,120 1,475,058 56,412 1, 572,695 254,274 3,924 105,308 5,503 7,426 13,878 397 11,343 2,546 36 1,258 Value of material orders placed $0,632 $5,801,445» .758 .832 .623 .554 .501 .407 .936 .612 1,571,684 1,461,959 1,814,238' 42,291 716,464 52,391 1,009' 141,409' 1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Governm ent agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes weekly average for public roads. 3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads. 4 N ot available; average number included in total. Employment on every type of project except building construction and water and sewerage work increased in September. The most marked gains occurred in public-road work and in river, harbor, and flood-control projects. Earnings per hour averaged 63 cents as com pared with 65 cents in August. Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in September on construction projects financed from regular govern mental appropriations are given in table 28, by geographic division. Table 28.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations by Geographic Division, September 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners Geographic division Am ount of pay rolls N um ber of manhours worked A ver age earn ings per hour 42,387 $3,199,785 5,066,873 $0.632 2 $5,801,445* 359,694 394, 208 253,158 269,024 588,631 118,835 416,763 378,432 386,480 34,560 460,489 490,817 430, 541 530,307 855, 389 263,391 871,216 577,260 516, 335 71,128 .781 .803 .588 .507 .688 .451 .478 .656 .749 .486 498,266 1,611,986 139,271 209,154 678,958 107,239' 518,251 71, 701 152, 224 157 M aximum number em W eekly average ployed i A ll divisions_________________________ 45,592 _. _ N ew England............................. M iddle Atlantic....... ....................... ....... East North Central................................ W est N orth Central............................. South A tlantic............................ . .......... East South Central________ _______ West South Central_______ __________ M ountain_________ __________________ P a c i f i c . ________ ___________________ Outside continental United States___ 3,930 4,576 5,031 5,645 6,688 2,624 7,145 5,119 4,310 524 3,770 4,101 4,550 5, 388 6, 053 2,199 6,623 5, 027 4,188 488 Value of material orders placed 1 M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes $1,814,238 estimated value of orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be charged toany specific geographic division. Eight of the nine geographic divisions and the area outside the continental United States showed increases in the number of men employed in September. The South Atlantic region, with a decrease 43 of 630 employees, was the only area showing a loss for the month. The most pronounced increase was in the West South Central States. The range in average hourly earnings was from 80 cents in the Middle Atlantic region to 45 cents in the East South Central region. The value of materials for which orders have been placed for use on construction projects financed from direct governmental appro priations for the period July 1, 1934, to September 15, 1935, is shown in table 29, by type of material. Table 29.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Use on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material From July 1, During period 1934, to Aug. Aug. 15 to 15,1935 Sept. 15,1935 A ll materials......................... ....................................................................................... Textiles and their products: Cordage and twine............................................................................................... Cotton goods............................................................... ....................................... . Linoleum ...................... ......................................... ___........................................ Forest products: Cork p rod u cts..................................................................................................... Lumber and timber products, not elsewhere classified............. .................. Planing-mill p rod u cts............................ ............ .......... ............................. . Ohemvcal^and allied-products: Chemicals, miscellaneous............................................................................... . Compressed and liquefied gases..................................................................... . Explosives............................... .................................................................... .......... Paints and varnishes--------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products.................................................... Cement and lim e................................................................................................. . Concrete products............................................ ........... .................................... Crushed stone----------------------- ------------------------ ------- - ............ .................... . Glass................................................... ........... .............. .............................. .......... Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products....... ................................... Minerals and earths, ground or otherwise treated____ _________________ Sand and gravel------------------------- ------- --------------------------- ------------- ---------Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo.------ -------------- --------------------------------W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor composition______ Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts,/washers* etc----- ------- ---------------- -------------------------- -------------Cast-iron pipe and fittings................................ .......... ..................................... Doors, shutters, .window sash and frames, molding, and trim (metal)........ ................................................... ........................ ........... ........... Forgings, iron and steel.......................... ........................................................ . Hardware, miscellaneous................................ ................................. ............... . Heating and ventilating equipment...................... ....................................... . Nails and spikes................................... ............................................................... Rails, steel................ ................................................... .......... ............................ . Steel-works and rolling-mill products, not elsewhere classified............... . Structural and reinforcing steel............................................ ........................... Tools, other than machine tools............................................... ........................ W ire and wireworks products, not elsewhere classified..................... .......... Wrought pipe.................................................... ..................................... .......... Nonferrous metals and their products: Aluminum manufactures................................................................................... Copper products—............................ ..................... ........................ .................... Lead products........ ................................. ........................................................... Nonferrous-metal alloys and products, not elsewhere classified____ ____ Sheet-metal w ork .. ................................ ............... .......................... ................. Machinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies..................... ........... ........... Elevators and elevator equipment___________________ _________________ Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels................................................ Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified...... .......... . Machine tools.............. ..................................... ................................................. . Pumps and pumping equipment________ _____________ __________ _____ Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus........................... $30,878,843 $5,801,445 10,800 1,503 2,971 1,442 5,157 1,438,213 193,259 87,387 35,159 3,394 1,730 54,917 197, 379 1, 519 24,638 10,934 333,702 1,807,622 271,408 542,651 27, 629 499,152 1,434 1,024,468 36,480 120,812 47,867 579,398 62,991 215,370 3, 672 73, 756 3,931 336,148 7,627 6,790 88,510 133,165 6,019 8,799 293,152 624,777 219,523 478,624 24,829 10,801 3,434,541 5,215,110 75, 210 216,022 1,429 20,881 32,773 33,652 32,599 3,070 1,026 431, 539 1,371,639 25,359 86,963 15,083 86,615 3,499 44,321 129,248 5,161 18,626 38,701 17,470 1,670,125 151,974 3,734,172 3,005,839 73,762 767,529 52, 661 179,033 19,899 378,294 683,492 15,589 47, 686 1,918 44 Table 29 .—Value of Material Orders Placed for Use on Construction Projects. Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Material and Industry Groups— Continued Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material From July 1, During period 1934, to Aug. Aug. 15 to Sept. 15,1935 15, 1935 Transportation equipment—air, land, and water: Boats, steel and wooden.............................................. ...................... . M otor vehicles, passenger and truck............................................... Miscellaneous: C o a l .................. ................................................. ............................. Electric wiring and fixtures_________ __________________________ Furniture, including store and office fixtures___________________ Instruments, professional and scientific._____ __________________ Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified________ Petroleum products— ............... .............................. .......................... Photographic apparatus and m aterials........................ ................... Plum bing supplies, not elsewhere classified.................................... . Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified______________________ R ubber go o d s ............................................................ ........................... Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets. Other materials............................................................................. ......... O $3, 699 17,462 242,260 384, 038 9, 564 26,899 237,828 1,198,627 4,648 319,764 152,184 2,571 16,812 1,137, 285 $9,931 _ 23,323 167, 289 4,327 107, 554 308,119 54,316 13,882 1,601 9,820 142,466
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