Full text of Employment and Payrolls : October 1935
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Serial N o. R . 315
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
Employment and Pay Rolls
(Formerly “ Trend of Employment” )
♦
October 1935
Prepared by
Division of Employment Statistics
Lew is E. T
albert,
Chief
and
Division of Construction and Public Employment
H e rm a n B. B yer, Chief
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1935
CO N TEN TS
Page
Summary of developments in October_____________________________________
Part I— Private employment______________________________________________
Manufacturing industries_______________________ :_____________________
Indexes and estimates of factory employment and pay rolls,
January 1934 to October 1935_________________________________
Trade, public utility, mining, service industries, and building con
struction____________________________________________________________
Indexes of employment and pay rolls in trade, public utility,
mining, service industries, and building construction, January
1934 to October 1935__________________________________________
Employment on class I railroads______________________________________
Trend of employment by States_____________________ ________________
Employment and pay rolls in principal cities_________________________
Part II— Public employment______________________________________________
Executive service of the Federal Government________________________ *
Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration____
Monthly trend___________________________________________________
The Works Program__________________________________________________
Monthly trend___________________________________________________
Emergency work program_____________________________________________
Emergency conservation work________________________________________
Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration_____________________________________________________________
Construction projects financed from regular appropriations__________
Material orders placed___________________________________________
State-road projects____________________________________________________
n
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2
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11
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30
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32
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38
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Summary of Developments in October
M PLO YM EN T in October showed a marked advance. Between
the middle of September and the middle of October it is estimated
that 245,000 workers were added to the pay rolls of the manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries surveyed by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Weekly wage disbursements for these industries combined
were approximately $8,000,000 greater than in the preceding month.
The gain in industrial employment during the month was reinforced
by a sharp rise in the number of workers employed on projects
sponsored by the Works Progress Administration. On the other
hand, with more of the unemployed being absorbed by industry and
the Works Progress Administration, fewer workers were engaged
during the month on Federal relief work.
Of the 245,000 workers added to industrial pay rolls in October,
140,000 were engaged by manufacturing industries. Weekly wage
disbursements by all manufacturing industries combined advanced
$5,800,000 during the month interval. The gains in factory employ
ment and pay rolls were widespread, being shared by 69 of the
90 industries covered. It is significant, however, that each of the
seven durable-goods groups of industries contributed to the increase.
For the nondurable-goods industries as a whole employment in October
was 0.3 percent below the September level, largely because of the
seasonal slackening in the food-products industries.
Between the middle of September and the middle of October,
approximately 105,000 workers were added to the pay rolls of the
nonmanufacturing industries surveyed. Weekly wage disbursements
in nonmanufacturing industries were $2,000,000 greater than in
September. These gains were accounted for chiefly by wholesale
and retail establishments, but a sharp increase was likewise reported
by anthracite mining.
In the regular agencies of the Federal Government, employment
showed no marked change. As previously indicated, however, em
ployment on Federal relief work dropped sharply below the Sep
tember level. This was due to an abrupt decline in the number of
workers engaged on projects of the emergency-work program. En
rollments in Civilian Conservation Camps were slightly higher. On
E
1
2
construction projects financed from Federal funds, employment in
creased, in spite of decreases in the number of workers engaged on
construction financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
and the Public Works Administration. The works program showed
the greatest change, with employment rising from 335,839 in Septem
ber to 631,940 in October.
Part I—Private Employment
Manufacturing Industries
T
he rise in factory employment in October brought the Bureau of
Labor Statistics7index to 85.3 percent of the 1923-25 average, a gain
of 2.2 percent over September. This is the highest point reached
since October 1930. The October pay-roll index (75.1) is the highest
since March 1931 and is 4.2 percent higher than in September.
Expressed in dollars, weekly wage disbursements in October were
$6,000,000 larger than in September. Compared with a year ago,
factory employment shows an increase of 8.8 percent, or 575,000
wage earners, and weekly pay rolls a gain of 23.1 percent or
$28,600,000.
Sixty-nine of the ninety manufacturing industries surveyed showed
gains in employment over the month interval and a like number
showed larger weekly wage disbursements. Twelve of the fourteen
major groups into which the 90 industries are classified reported
increases in employment and 11 reported larger pay rolls. The
largest increase in number of workers (93,000) was in the transporta
tion group, largely because of the 25-percent gain in the automobile
industry . For the third successive month there was a large gain in
number of workers employed in the textile industries, the increase
being 31,000. The machinery group added 17,600 wage earners to
the pay rolls, the iron and steel group and the nonferrous-metal
group each added 14,700, the railroad repair-shop group added 12,000,
the chemical group 8,100, the paper and printing group 5,300, the
lumber group 4,600, the stone-clay-glass group 3,100, the rubber
group 2,300, and the tobacco group 1,500. The food group, which
had shown consistent gains in employment for the past 6 months,
showed a decline of 59,100 workers in October, largely because of a
seasonal decrease of 41.0 percent in canning. The leather group was
the only other group which showed a decline in employment.
The outstanding gain in employment over the month interval was
an increase of 25.0 percent in the automobile industry which was
due to the increased production of new models. Pronounced seasonal
gains were shown in the beet-sugar industry (190.6 percent) and the
cottonseed— oil, cake, and meal industry (24.7 percent). The electricand stea-m-car building industry reported a gain of 19.4 percent in
3
number of workers and the radio and phonograph, lighting equip
ment, and wirework industries showed gains ranging from 9.5 percent
to 12.9 percent. Other industries reporting substantial percentage
gains (ranging from 6.1 percent to 7.7 percent) in number of workers
were hardware, tools, aluminum manufactures, brass-bronze-copper
products, jewelry, stamped and enameled ware, and fertilizers. Gains
of more than 5 percent were shown in the steam and hot-water heating
apparatus, steam railroad-repair shops, and clock and watch indus
tries. Smaller percentage gains in industries of major importance
were: Cotton goods, 3.8; knit goods, 3.0; electrical machinery, appa
ratus, and supplies, 2.8; woolen and worsted goods, 2.7; furniture,
2.1; blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, 1.6; newspapers, 1.3;
women’s clothing, 1.2; and foundries and machine shops, 1.1. The
ship building industry showed a gain of 4.9 percent and the machinetool industry a gain of 2.2 percent. The last-named industry, which
is an indicator of activity in industries using power-driven metalcutting machinery, has been expanding steadily each month since
October 1934. The employment index (98.5) now stands at the
highest point recorded since November 1930.
The most pronounced declines in employment over the month
interval were due to seasonal influences and were shown in canning
and preserving, 41 percent; ice cream, 10.9 percent; millinery, 9.6
percent; beverages, 5.2 percent; butter, 4.5 percent; fur-felt hats, 4.4
percent; and boots and shoes, 3.8 percent. Of the remaining indus
tries reporting decreases, eight showed declines of less than 1 percent.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from reports supplied by representative establishments in 90 manu
facturing industries. The base used in computing these indexes is
the 3-year average, 1923-25. In October 1935, reports were received
from 23,721 establishments employing 4,053,622 workers whose
weekly earnings were $87,732,004. The employment reports received
from these cooperating establishments cover more than 55 percent of
the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country
and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries
included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics* monthly survey.
Per capita weekly earnings in all manufacturing industries com
bined were $21.64 in October, a gain of 2.0 percent over September.
Sixty-five of the separate industries surveyed showed greater average
per capita weekly earnings in October than in September, the per
centage gains ranging from 0.1 to 9.2.
Some of the establishments that report employment and pay-roll
totals do not report man-hours. Consequently, average hours and
average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a
smaller number of establishments than are used in computing per
capita weekly earnings and indexes of employment and pay rolls.
4
Average hours worked per week in all manufacturing industries com
bined rose from 37.5 in September to 38.2 in October, a gain of 1.9
percent. Average hourly earnings rose from 56.3 cents to 56.4 cents,
an increase of 0.2 percent. Sixty-three of the eighty-seven industries
for which man-hour data are published showed gains in average hours
worked per week, and 21 showed higher hourly rates of pay. Manhour data are not published for any industry for which available
information covers less than 20 percent of estimated total employ
ment in that industry.
Indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked per
week, average hourly earnings, and per capita weekly earnings in
manufacturing industries in October are presented in table 1. Per
centage changes from September 1935 to October 1935 and from
October 1934 to October 1935 are also given in this table.
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, October 1935
Employment
Industry
Per capita weekly
earnings 1
Pay roll
Percentage
Index,
October change from—
1935
(3-year
average, Sep October
1923-25 tember
1934
1935
=100)
Average hours worked
per week 2
Average hourly
earnings 2
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index,
change from—
change from—
change from—
October change from—
A ver
Aver
A ver
1935
age in
age in
age in
(3-year
October
October
average, Sep October October Sep
Sep October
Sep October 1935
1935
1935
October
1923-25 tember
tember
tember
tember
1934
1934
1934
1934
1935
= 100)
1935
1935
1935
All industries__________________________________
85.2
+2.0
+8.7
75.0
+ 4 .0
+23.0
$21.64
+ 2 .0
+13.1
38.2
+ 1 .9
+11.6
Cents
56.4
+ 0 .2
+ 1 .3
Durable goods 3___________________________
Nondurable goods 3_______________________
74.9
96.2
+5 .2
- .5
+19.1
+ 1.3
66.3
86.0
+ 9 .4
- 1 .0
+42.9
+ 8 .0
23.97
19.47
+ 4 .0
-.6
+19.9
+ 6 .7
39.4
37.1
+3 .7
+ .3
+16.1
+ 6 .2
60.5
52.7
+ .3
-.2
+ 1 .9
+ .4
76.4
75.6
81.7
50.7
+ 2 .3
+ 1.6
+ 3 .6
-2 .2
+15.8
+15.6
+12.7
-.2
65.5
66.1
70.8
28.9
+ 4 .5
+ 3 .0
+11.1
-3 .3
+53.0
+ 68.6
+61.3
+ 5 .1
23.43
24.15
22.38
15.49
+ 2 .1
+ 1 .4
+ 7 .2
-1 .1
+32.3
+ 46.2
+42.5
+ 5 .6
38.1
36.5
39.3
31.3
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .4
+ 7 .7
-1 .9
+29.0
+45.3
+38.2
+ 3 .7
61.3
66.3
57.1
48.9
-.3
.0
-.3
+ .4
+ 1 .0
+• 9
+ 2 .3
-.8
79.3
63.2
55.6
98.0
+ 3. 5
+ 3 .2
+ 7 .4
+ 2.1
+ 1.3
+28.5
+25.8
+58.3
64.3
48.6
52.0
65.1
+ 7 .5
+ 5 .4
+ 13.2
+ 5 .0
+ 15.0
+54.3
+63.5
+79.3
20.84
23.59
21.80
22.13
+ 3 .9
+ 2 .1
+ 5 .4
+ 2 .8
+ 13.5
+19.9
+30.5
+ 13.4
40.0
39.1
39.6
39.6
+ 5 .3
+ 3 .4
+ 5 .0
+ 2 .9
+12.8
+16.5
+ 30.8
+15.4
51.9
60.5
55.2
55.9
- 1 .5
-.8
.0
-.2
.0
+ 4 .0
-1 .5
- 2 .1
57.8
110.1
59.0
100.5
+ 5 .6
+ 2 .6
+ .7
-4 .6
+16.5
+15.5
+ 3.3
+ 7.0
43.4
96.7
46.0
100.2
+10.8
+ 7 .9
+ 1 .0
- 5 .2
+34.0
+ 34.5
+12.7
+ 21.5
24.07
24.56
21.80
21.08
+ 4 .9
+ 5 .2
+ .4
-.6
+14.5
+ 16.0
+ 9 .2
+13.5
41.3
43.4
37.6
39.6
+ 5 .6
+ 6 .1
+ 1 .3
-1 .5
+ 13.7
+14.3
+ 8 .5
+11.1
58.2
56.5
58.1
53.2
-.7
-.5
-.9
+ .8
-.2
-.2
+ .7
+ 1 .5
69.0
132.8
+ 6 .2
+12.9
+19.6
+ 9 .4
68.1
124.0
+ 11.6
+22.5
+43.7
+ 29.3
22.44
22.09
+ 5 .1
+ 8 .4
+19.7
+18.1
41.8
38.8
+ 6 .6
+ 9 .9
+16.6
+15.3
53.5
56.9
- 1 .1
-1 .2
+ 3 .7
+ 2 .2
93.1
116.6
+ 2 .2
-1 .6
+19.5
+59.9
78.4
136.1
+ 4 .3
-.5
+37.5
+82.9
24.12
24.00
+ 2 .1
+ 1 .1
+15.0
+ 14.4
39.9
39.4
+ 2 .3
+ .8
+15.2
+ 5 .6
59.8
61.2
-.2
-.2
+. 1
+ 8 .2
108.0
+ 2 .8
+ 1 .2
90.7
+ 2 .8
+ 15 .2
27.60
.0
+ 13.9
40.2
+ .2
+12.3
69.1
-.6
+ .7
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, n o t in
cluding m ac h in e ry 3_________ ____ _________
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills.
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets........ ...............
Cast-iron pipe_______________________________
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut
lery) and edge tools-----------------------------------Forgings, iron and steel____________ ____ ___
Hardware______________________________ ____
Plumbers’ supplies__________________________
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings________ ____________________
Stoves 4____________________ ____ ___________
Structural and ornamental metal work______
T in cans and other tinware_________________
Tools (not including edge tools, machine
tools, files, and saws).............................. ........
W irework 3___________________ _____________
Machinery, n o t including transportation
equipm ent _________________________________
Agricultural implements.....................................
Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu
lating machines_____ _____________________
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, October 1935— Continued
Employment
Industry
Average hourly
earnings *
= 100)
Machinery—Continued.
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup
plies.......................................................... .
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Foundry and machine shop products______
Machine tools........ ........................................
Radios and phonographs................ ....... ......
Textile machinery and parts______________
Typewriters and parts________ __________
75.3
101.3
76.8
98.5
279.1
64.3
105.2
+ 3 .5
Transportation equipment....... ............. .......
Aircraft_____ _______ __________________
Automobiles___________________________
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad..... .............
Locomotives.............................. ........... .......
Shipbuilding. ........... .................................
92.3
447.3
105.0
40.0
21.3
79.8
+25.1
+19.4
+ 1 .3
+ 4 .9
Railroad repair shops..................................... .
Electric railroad........ ............................. .......
Steam railroad_____ ___________ ___ ____
55.1
64.5
54.4
+ 4 .8
-.2
+ 5 .2
Nonferrous metals and their products.........
Aluminum manufactures...............................
Brass, bronze, and copper products________
Clocks and watches and time-recording
devices_____ ________ ________________
Jewelry....... ......................... ........................
Lighting equipment...................... ................
Silverware and plated ware....................... .
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.
Stamped and enameled ware.........................
91.9
82.7
+5.8
+ 4 .6
Average hours worked
per week 3
Index.
Index,
Percentage
Perceutage
Percentage
Percent age
percentage
October change from— October change from—
change from—
Aver
change from—
change from—
Aver
Aver
1935
1935
age
in
age
in
age
in
(3-year
(3-year
October
Sep
average,
October average, tember October October Sep October 1935
October October
tember
1935
tember October
1935 tember
1934
1934
1923-25 tember
1923-25
1934
1934
1934
1935
1935
1935
1935
1935
= 100)
Lumber and allied products..........................
Furniture.......................................................
Lumber:
Millwork__..............................................
Sawmills...................................................
Turpentine and rosin. ..................... .............
Per capita weekly
earnings *
Pay roll
92.1
89.0
86.9
72.4
85.7
112.7
57.5
77.9
49.5
37.6
100.3
+2.8
+ .1
+2.2
1.1
+
+2.8
+ 2 .6
+2.8
+ 4 .2
+ 1 .2
+ 17.0
+ 1 .9
+16.3
+23.6
+ 15.0
+14.0
+ 3 .7
Cents
60.0
69.6
59.5
62.7
51.0
61.8
57.5
37.2
41.3
37.5
36.3
37.0
33.5
4-7,8
+ 1 .7
+ 8 .7
+ 7 .1
+ 8 .5
+ 1 .8
+17.6
+ 4 .0
+19.7
+ 10.4
-.6
10.2
73.7
64.6
74.7
59.7
63.4
75.9
+11. 5
40.6
44.7
40.2
+ 4 .4
+ 1 .6
+ 4 .7
+ 2 .9
+ 4 .8
+ 3 .1
67.2
61.7
67.7
+ 4 .5
+ 4 .4
+ 3 .9
+13.9
+14 .9
+19.8
41.6
41.2
41.5
+ 4 .8
+ 5 .4
+ 4 .5
+14.5
+ 6 .5
+20.7
54.2
54.1
58.3
+ 7 .0
+ 4 .9
+ 5 .5
+ 3 .3
+14.6
+ 5 .2
+ 6 .8
+ 6 .3
+ 6 .2
+ 3 .8
+ 14.2
++2.1
+ 10.1
.7
+ 4 .7
+32.3
+55.0
+35.7
+77.9
+34.8
+21.4
+ 4 .4
$23.85
27.10
23.84
27.12
20.74
23.16
23.45
86.4
370.3
97.7
41.0
9.5
70.4
+31.5
2.8
+35.5
+28.7
+ 7 .2
+ 7 .4
+73.8
+57.6
+87.9
+19.2
-4 4 .1
+25.3
27.42
26.28
27.93
21.65
23.48
25.58
+ 1 .7
+ 8 .4
+ 7 .8
+ 5 .8
+ 2 .4
+ 22.9
+ 9 .3
+. 3
+11.7
-.9
+ 2 .4
53.1
60.0
52.7
+ 1 .5
+ 8 .7
+13.5
+ 5 .1
+14.1
27.28
27.80
27.16
+ 3 .3
+ 1 .7
+ 3 .3
+19.0
+13.0
+22.3
78.4
76.0
72.5
+10.6
+ 9 .2
+ 10.2
+35.6
+29.9
+46.5
22.75
22.28
24.22
+22.6
+ 11.8
+29.5
+2.5
+17.2
+21.6
87.0
76.8
81.6
59.9
58.6
+13.0
+12.5
+17.4
+ 7 .1
+ 4 .4
11.2
+40.8
+17.4
+44.9
+11.3
+27.7
+44.6
21.34
22.67
22.12
23.43
22.06
+2.1
+ .9
+16.2
+17.1
48.6
63.0
+ 2 .7
+ 4 .6
+38.1
+33.5
1.2
+36.4
+10.9
+12.3
41.9
29.5
64.6
+. 3
+ 9 .0
+73.9
+30.5
+43.2
+ 9 .5
+2.2
+15.8
+40.1
+15.7
+42.5
+25.3
+ 5 .8
+ 1.1
+21.8 +43.8
+ 1.0 +68.8
+6.1
+ 5 .6
+ 7 .3
+ 11.2
+ 3 .7
+ 2 .3
+6.1
-
+ .5
-.2
+52.8
+ 9 .3
-4 3 .9
+ 12.1
+2.2
65.2
75.0
64.6
89.5
185.8
54.4
+ 5 .0
+. 8
+ 3 .9
+ 5 .1
+11.7
+8.0
+
+8.1
+
+2.8
+ 2.8
+2.8
+2.0
+ 5 .6
+1.2
+8.0
+ 17.6
+24.9
+ 7 .6
+14.7
+ 3 .7
+20.9
-
6. 6
++11.1
6.2
39.5
39.0
40.0
43.2
40.7
37.6
40.7
+ 3 .4
-
1.8
+
+11.8
1.0
-.3
-.6
-.5
+ .8
- 2.6
+.4
-.9
-.3
-
1.0
-.4
-.7
-.7
.0
- 1 .4
+ 4 .5
48.2
50.6
54.1
57.2
55.5
51.2
-
+2.1
+ 4 .8
+ 8 .4
+ 9 .3
+18.9
18.96
19.35
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .4
+18.8
+13.4
42.2
43.0
+ 3 .4
+ 2 .6
+19.5
+17.3
44.8
44.9
19.52
18.68
13.64
+ 4 .1
-.2
+ 9 .2
+ 27.6
+18.0
+ 27. a
43.1
41.1
+ 4 .6
+ 29.7
+18.1
45.0
46.4
21.22
-
+ 1 .5
+ 11.4
+17.5
+ 7 .8
+ 5 .5
+ 17.0
44.2
43.7
40.9
40.6
39.7
41.5
+ 12.0
-1 .0
+ 2 .5
.0
.0
+2.1
+2.8
-.9
-.7
-.2
+ .6
1.1
.0
-.7
-2 .3
-2 .8
+ 7 .8
+ 1 .3
+6.6
1.1
-
+.6
-.3
+1 .9
-
6.2
+ 1 .7
-
1.8
-.2
+2.1
.1
++ 71.0
+ 7 .4
+.8
- .5
-.7
+ 2 .6
-.4
- 4 .5
+ 1 .3
+ 3 .6
+ 2 .5
- .6
- 1 .3
-.6
+1.2
3 5 5 7 3 — 35-
56.7
35.3
52.9
97.5
27.8
68.6
+ 1 .6
+ 3 .7
+ 1 .9
+ 1 .8
-.1
- 1 .2
+9.2
+18.1
+ 4.3
+13.2
- 6 .4
+ .3
44.5
24.0
35.1
90.9
19.8
53.3
+ 5 .5
+ 6 .7
-.3
+ 6 .2
+ 4 .5
+ 6 .0
+25.4
+ 42 .0
+ 8 .3
+31.0
+ 6 .5
+16.6
20.45
17.50
19. 63
21.86
23.13
20.87
+ 3 .8
+ 2 .9
-2 .2
+ 4 .3
+ 4 .6
+ 7 .3
+14.8
+ 20.3
+ 4 .1
+ 16.0
+13.6
+16.1
37.5
39.0
34.0
37.4
35.9
38.7
+ 3 .3
+ 2 .6
-2 .3
+ 3 .9
+ 4 .4
+ 5 .2
+13.8
+21.4
+ 2 .1
+ 11.0
+22.8
+11.9
55.2
45.2
57.7
58.7
64.5
54.2
+ .4
+ 1.1
+ .2
+ .5
-.2
.0
+ 2 .1
-.6
+ 1 .5
+ 4 .3
- 6 .4
+ 6 .6
97.7
94.6
84.3
88.0
85.3
+ 1.9
+ 2 .7
- 1 .9
+ 3 .8
+ 3 .7
+5.9
+ 5.5
+33.0
- 6 .9
+ 3.8
84.5
-.1
+ 3 .6
-1 1 .4
+ 7 .2
+ 5 .5
+13.1
+ 14.0
+59.4
- 3 .6
+ 9 .5
16.63
16.24
19.44
13.56
17.25
- 1 .9
+ .9
-9 .7
+ 3 .4
+ 1 .7
+ 6 .9
+ 8 .1
+19.6
+ 3 .4
+ 5 .5
35.5
36.7
35.5
36.4
38.4
+ .9
+ 2 .2
- 7 .3
+ 3 .7
+ 2 .4
+ 9 .4
+ 7 .3
+22.4
+ 4 .9
+ 5 .3
46.9
44.3
55.9
37.1
45.0
- 1 .3
-.7
-.5
-.3
+ .2
- 1 .3
+ .1
+ .1
- 1 .4
- 1 .1
109.0
84.8
117.4
77.6
98.5
+ 4.1
- 4 .4
+ 3 .0
—. 6
+ 2 .7
+ 2 .2
+12.2
+ 7.2
+ 2.2
+44.6
88.4
71.1
120.8
+ 2 .8
-2 2 .6
+ 5 .2
+ 1 -4
+ 4 .2
+ 6 .5
+ 17.5
+12.8
+ 7 .1
+68.4
19.16
20.87
17. 39
16.09
18.42
-1 .3
-1 9 .1
+ 2 .1
+ 2 .0
+ 1 .5
+ 4 .2
+ 4 .7
+ 5 .3
+ 5 .0
+16.5
35.9
27.5
37.3
36.6
37.6
- .8
-2 4 .0
+ 3 .0
+ 3 .4
+ 2 .5
+ 2 .1
-.7
+ 6 .0
+ 9 .0
+21.4
52.8
70.3
47.4
43.9
49.0
-.4
+ 2 .8
- 1 .0
-.9
- 1 .0
+ 2 .5
+ .8
-.7
- 2 .9
- 3 .4
Wearing apparel. _______________
Clothing, men’s . . ____ ______
Clothing, w om en’s__________
Corsets and allied garments.
M en’s furnishings__________
M illinery_____________ _____
Shirts and collars___________
100.5
94.8
131. 7
87.0
104.2
60.4
110.9
.0
-.6
+ 1 .2
-.7
+ 1 .7
- 9 .6
+ 1.3
+ 6.5
+ 9.2
+ 8.2
- 2 .5
- 2 .6
-1 2 .2
+7.3
74.8
103.3
81.3
80.8
49.2
+11.4
+19.5
+ 9 .0
+ 2 .4
+ 2 .8
—10. 2
+11.8
17.83
18. 56
19.66
15.19
15.09
19. 01
13. 32
- 6 .9
-6 .5
-6 .5
- 3 .1
+ 6 .5
-2 8 . 5
+ 1.1
33.0
31.4
33.5
31.4
34.1
-2 .7
- 5 .1
-2 .0
- 6 .5
+ 7 .9
+11.4
+11.2
+13.6
+ 1 .4
+ 5 .8
52.6
57.4
55.4
45.8
38.3
- 2 .2
- 1 .2
- 2 .8
+ .7
+ .5
-5 .0
- 3 .9
- 8 .5
+ 2 .8
+ 1 .0
111.6
- 6 .8
- 7 .0
- 5 .3
- 3 .7
+ 8 .3
—35. 3
+ 2 .3
35.8
+ 5 .6
+10.8
38.0
- 2 .6
- 3 .0
L ea th er a n d its m a n u fa c t u r e s ...
Boots and shoes________________
Leather________________________
86.6
84.0
97.0
- 2 .5
- 3 .8
+ 1 .9
+ 3.8
+ 2.1
+10.0
73.8
65.9
99.4
- 4 .0
- 7 .3
+ 4 .4
+14.8
+ 9 .1
+29.3
18.25
17.13
22.00
- 1 .6
- 3 .7
+ 2 .5
+10.5
+ 7 .0
+17. 4
35.4
34.2
39.3
-.8
- 2 .3
+ 2 .9
+ 8 .9
+ 8 .2
+10.0
52.8
51.8
56.0
.0
-.2
-.2
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .5
+ 2.1
F o o d a n d k in d re d p r o d u c ts ..........
Baking..
-(- 75 ).6
- 5 .2
- 4 .5
-4 1 .0
-1 0 .3
- 1 .3
- 3 .2
- 8 .0
- 8 .4
97.3
100.8
157.7
55.5
142.2
- 6 .8
-.8
- 7 .8
—7.2
-3 8 .0
- 6 .0
+ 2 .5
+ .3
—4.8
+ 5 .8
20.18
22.10
29. 01
21.49
13.61
+ .9
-.8
-2 .7
—2.9
+ 5 .1
+ 4 .9
+ 3 .8
+ 3 .6
+3. 2
+15.6
40.0
41.2
38.2
-.5
-.2
-3 .3
+ 3 .9
+ 6 .6
+ 3. 5
51.3
53.3
76.1
+ 3 .0
-.7
+ .5
+ .4
- 2 .9
+ 1 .0
Butter.
Canning and preserving_________ ________
107.2
114.6
162.9
71.5
125.8
36.6
0.0
+12.3
36.9
+ 3 .4
+ 3 .9
Confectionery_________ __________________
Flour_____________ ______________________
Ice cream____ ___________________________
Slaughtering and meat packing__________
Sugar, beet_____ _________________________
Sugar refining, cane___________ __________
90.6
+ 3 .0
77.1
+ .2
65.7 -1 0 .9
79.7
+ 1 .0
245.8 +190.6
81.3
+ 4 .2
- 6 .2
- 4 .2
- 5 .9
-3 2 .2
+22.7
-1 0 .6
81.1
- 5 .8
73.7
+ 1 .6
54.0 -1 0 .3
75.6
+ 2 .0
170.2 +105. 6
- 2 .7
68.3
-3 .6
+ 7 .6
-2 .2
-2 9 .3
+35.5
- 7 .7
16.17
23.83
25.93
23.63
16. 59
22.04
-8 .5
+ 1 .4
+. 6
+ 1 .0
-2 9 .3
- 6 .7
+ 2 .7
+ 12.2
+ 4 .0
+ 4 .1
+10.5
+ 3 .3
38.2
43.8
45.1
41.5
38.8
36.4
- 8 .4
+ 2 .1
-3 .2
+ 1 .7
-1 6 .9
- 7 .1
+ 4 .9
+13.2
+ 1 .0
-.8
+12.8
-1 .8
42.5
54.6
56.9
56.2
43.2
59.7
-.7
-.5
+ 3 .3
-.7
-1 5 .5
-1 .0
- 1 .5
+ .3
+ 2 .4
+ 4 .4
- 2 .8
+ 6 .3
+ 2 .2
- 1 .9
+ 3 .0
+ 3 .1
+ 2 .3
+ 3 .2
14.91
14.94
14.90
+ .4
-3 .2
+ 1 .1
+12.3
+13.3
+11.8
37.0
34.6
37.3
+ 1 .4
-2 .5
+ 1 .6
+ 6 .2
+ 7 .8
+ 5 .2
40.5
43.3
40.1
-.2
-.7
-.2
+ 6 .4
+ 5 .2
+ 6 .8
S to n e , d a y , a n d glass p r o d u c ts ................
Brick, tile, and terra cotta_____________
Cement___ __________________ _________
G lass............. .......... .................... ..............
Marble, granite, slate, and other products...
Pottery______ _______________
Nondurable goods
Textiles a n d th eir p r o d u c ts .......
Fabrics______________________
Carpets and rugs_________
Cotton goods_____________
Cotton small w ares...........
Dyeing and finishing textiles____________
Hats, fur-felt________
K nit goods__________
Silk and rayon goods
W oolen and worsted goods______________
Tobacco m anufactures...................................
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff.
Cigars and cigarettes.....................................
See footnotes at end of table.
60.0
66.2
59.2
+ 1 .9
+1 .3
+ 1 .9
- 8 .1
- 9 .9
- 7 .8
83.3
73.8
75.8
75.8
68.2
79.0
81.8
50.5
65.4
48.6
+ 4 .6
+ 9 .2
+• 5
+ 5 .3
+ 5 .6
+ 2 .3 + 4 .3
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, October 1935— Continued
Employment
Industry
Per capita weekly
earnings 1
Pay roll
Percentage
Index,
October change from—
1935
(3-year
average, Sep October
1923-25 tember
1934
1935
= 100)
Average hours worked
per w e e k 2
Average hourly
earnings2
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index,
change from—
change from—
change from—
October change from—
Aver
A ver
Aver
1935
age in
age in
age in
(3-year
average, Sep October October Sep October October Sep October October Sep October
tember
tember
tember
1935
tember
1935
1935
1923-25
1934
1934
1934
1934
1935
1935
1935
1935
= 100)
Pap er a n d p r in t in g .................... .............. ..............
Boxes, paper.............................- ..........................
Paper and p ulp__________________ ___________
Printing and publishing:
Book and jo b ___________________________
Newspapers and periodicals.......................
98.3
92.6
109.1
+ 1.0
+ 4 .3
- .1
+ 2 .0
+ 3 .2
+ 2 .3
88.2
91.8
93.3
+ 2 .3
+ 7 .7
+ 2 .8
+ 6 .7
+11.1
+12.1
$25.36
20.19
21.71
+ 1 .2
+ 3 .3
+ 2 .9
+ 4 .5
+ 7 .6
+ 9 .5
39.0
42.0
40.8
+ 2 .1
+ 4 .7
+ 2 .8
+ 5 .0
+10.3
+ 8 .1
Cents
68.6
48.2
53.3
-.1
-1 .6
+ .2
+ 1.6
- 1 .4
+ 1 .6
88.2
100.7
+ .7
+ 1.3
+ 1 .4
+ 1 .5
78.3
92.1
+ .9
+ 1 .8
+ 6 .2
+ 2 .4
27.35
33.41
+ .1
+ .4
+ 4 .5
+ .6
37.6
36.9
+ .8
+ .5
+ 5 .2
-.4
73.2
90.2
-.4
+ .3
+ 1.4
+ 3 .3
C h em ica ls a n d allied p ro d u c ts , a n d p e tro
le u m r e fin in g _______________________________
Other than petroleum refining..........................
Chemicals...................- ------- --------------------Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal-------------Druggists’ preparations---------- ----------------
113.1
113.7
108.9
107.4
101.6
+ 2.2
+ 2.6
+. 9
+24.7
+ 2 .2
+ 4.1
+ 7.6
+ 2.3
+ .9
+ 2 .2
+ .7
100.6
100.1
100.1
112.4
99.9
80.2
78.6
94.8
263.5
101.3
102.2
70.8
52.9
+ 1 .6
+ 2.4
+ 1 .3
+26.6
+ 2 .7
+12.6
+ 2 .0
+ 5 .9
-.2
+ 1 .9
-.6
+ 2.9
+ 5 .0
+ 9 .8
+11.7
+ 8 .3
+11.3
+ .8
+10.6
+ 6 .9
+21.4
+21.3
+ 7 .1
+ 4 .4
+21.4
+ 5 .2
23.36
21.28
25. 23
10.16
21.10
25.01
12.95
24.16
19. 56
23.34
28.32
-.6
-.3
+ .4
+ 1 .5
+ .6
+ 8 .1
-5 .2
+ 3 .6
- 1 .1
-.3
- 1 .3
+ 6 .2
+ 6 .5
+ 5 .6
+13.1
+ 5 .6
89.8
88.8
109.2
356.8
105.4
110.9
82.8
58.9
+ 3 .4
+ 4 .8
+ 2 .3
- 1 .7
- 4 .9
- 2 .2
- 3 .0
+ 9 .6
+16.2
-.3
- 1 .8
+ 5.2
- 4 .2
+ 1 .0
+ 1 .3
+ 1 .0
+ 2 .5
+ 2 .6
+ 9 .1
-.3
+ 4 .3
-1 .0
0.0
-.6
+ 5 .1
+ 5 .3
+ 4 .8
+ 5. 3
+ 2 .3
+ 6 .2
+13.0
+ 7 .5
+ 4 .7
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .9
+ .8
+ 3 .6
+ 1.7
+ 3 .2
+12.2
+10.5
60.4
53.5
63.2
20.9
53.6
67.3
36.1
58.8
51.3
59.7
80.6
67.8
52.0
-1 .5
- 1 .7
-.3
-.5
-1 .8
-.7
- 5 .0
-.7
0.0
-.5
-.6
-.4
+ .4
+ 2 .4
+ 2 .0
+ 1.9
+10.5
+ 2 .6
+ 5.4
- 3 .3
+ 3 .6
-.2
+ 5.1
+ 4 .3
23.71
19.90
38.7
39.7
39.8
48.7
40.0
37.2
35.8
41.1
38.2
38.8
35.5
36.0
38.2
Explosives_______________ ______________
Fertilizers------------------------ ------- --------------Paints and varnishes_____ _______________
Rayon and allied products---------------------Soap...... .................................. .........................
Petroleum refining----------- ---------- -----------------R u b b e r p r o d u c ts .......................................................
Rubber boots and shoes--------------------------------Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes-----------------------------------------Rubber tires and inner tubes--------- -----------
+ 2.1
+1.3
+13.7
+10.0
+10.8
+ 4 .6
+ 7 .5
+ 6 .3
+15.4
+ 9 .8
+ 3.1
-.5
+ 2. 5 +16.4
52.3
+32.3
21.00
40.4
+ 3 .6
-.6
+17.1
-.9
+ 7.1
84.6
+ 19.0
26.70
-.4
+16.6
31.9
-.6
+ 9 .6
+ 7.1
+ .1
+(•)
1 Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. Percentage changes
over month in the groups and in “ All industries” also computed from indexes.
2 Computed from available man-hour data—all reporting establishments do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year com puted from indexes. The average hours
and average hourly earnings in the groups and in “ All industries” are weighted.
3 Pay-roll indexes, M a y 1935 through September 1935, revised as follows:
Durable-goods group—M ay, 60.1; August, 58.9.
Nondurable-goods group—M ay, 79.2; June, 77.6; September, 86.9.
Iron and steel group—M ay, 58.3; June, 55.7; July, 52.6; August, 59.4; September, 62.7.
W irework—M ay, 106.9; June, 106.7; July, 95.0; August, 96.;3 September, 101.2.
4 Data revised as follows: September average hours, 40.8, percentage change from August 1935, +4.6, from September 1934, +11.9; September average hourly earnings, 56.6; per
centage change from August 1935, +0.5 from September 1935, + 1.
a Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
128.7
70.7
+ 4.5
+ .5
+13.8
+ 1 .9
116.6
59.0
9
Indexes and estimates of factory employment and pay rolls, January 1934 to October
1935
I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing indus
tries combined, for the durable-goods group, and for the nondurablegoods group, by months from January 1934 to October 1935, inclu
sive, are given in table 2. Estimates of employment and weekly pay
rolls for all manufacturing industries combined are also given in this
table.
The diagram on page 10 indicates the trend of factory employ
ment and pay rolls from January 1919 to October 1935.
Table 2.— Indexes and Estimates of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manu
facturing Industries Combined and Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in
the Durable- and Nondurable-Goods Groups 1
[Indexes based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100]
Indexes
Year and month
Estimated
number
of wage
earners
Estimated
pay rolls
(1 week)
A ll manufac
turing indus
tries combined
Durable-goods
group
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
Nondurablegoods group
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
1934
January________________February. ______________
M arch. ............. ..................
A pril____________________
M a y . . ____ __ ___ _ __
June_____________________
6,154,300
6, 522, 500
6, 778, 300
6, 906,100
6,912, 600
6, 799, 900
$109,806,000
123, 395,000
131, 650,000
136,962,000
136, 575,000
132, 040, 000
73.4
77.8
80.9
82.4
82.5
81.1
54.0
60.6
64.7
67.3
67.1
64.9
59.9
63.6
67.2
70.1
71.6
70.9
41.6
47.9
52.8
57.4
58.6
56.9
88.0
93.1
95.5
95.6
94.2
92.2
69.7
76.9
79.9
80.0
78.1
75.1
July_____________________
August____ _____________
September----------------------October— ______ _____
N ovem ber----- -----------------Decem ber____
.. ___
6, 601, 700
6, 674,400
6, 360, 200
6, 569, 500
6, 443, 200
6, 544, 400
123, 011,000
126, 603,000
118, 089, 000
124,138,000
121, 085, 000
128, 593, 000
78.8
79.6
75.9
78.4
76.9
78.1
60.5
62.2
58.0
61.0
59.5
63.2
67. 5
66.2
64.4
62.9
62.3
64.4
49.9
49.9
45.5
46.4
46.1
50.4
90.9
94.1
88.3
95.0
92.5
92.8
73.9
77.9
74.0
79.6
76.6
79.5
6, 605, 600
125, 996,000
78.8
61.9
65.9
50.3
92.7
76.8
1935
January__________________
February.......................
M arch______________ _____
A pril____________________
M a y _________________
June___________________ _
6, 604,000
6, 817, 300
6,914, 600
6,914,300
6, 803,800
6, 677, 400
130, 705, 000
140, 618, 000
143, 927,000
144,075,000
139, 325,000
135,044,000
78.8
81.3
82.5
82.5
81.2
79.7
64.2
69.1
70.7
70.8
68.5
66.4
66.2
69.4
71.0
71.8
71.4
69.7
52.5
58.6
60.5
61.8
60.2
57.6
92.3
94.1
94.9
94.1
91.7
90.4
79.2
82.5
83.8
82.3
79.1
77.5
July_____________________
August__________________
September----------------------October_____ _____________
132, 886,000
6, 672,900
141, 596,000
6,859, 200
7, 000,000 • 146,693,000
152,514,000
7,137, 700
79.6
81.8
83.5
85.2
65.3
69.6
72.1
75.0
69.4
70.5
71.2
74.9
55.6
59.0
60.6
66.3
90.6
94.0
96.7
96.2
77. 7
83.2
86.9
86.0
Average__________
i Comparable indexes for earlier years will be found in the December 1934 and subsequent issues of this
pamphlet, or the March 1935 and subsequent issues of the M onthly Labor Review.
E m p lo y m e n t e B o r R o n s
3 - y e a r a v e ra g e
T
,
M a n u fa c tu r in g In d u stries
in
l y 2 3 ~ l r/ 2 } = 1 0 0
U .S.D epartm ent o f L a b o r
bu reau o f la b o r s ta t is t ic s
W ashington
Index
Numbers
////i
T
,
Index
Numbers
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11
Trade, Public U tility , M ining, Service Industries, and Building
Construction
I n c r e a s e s in employment from September to October are shown
for 8 of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed by the “Bureau
of Labor Statistics. The largest percentage gain (27.7) was in the
anthracite-mining industry. This represented the return to work of
approximately 18,300 wage earners. The corresponding gain in
weekly wages was 46.5 percent, or $783,000. Employment in metal
mining increased 5.5 percent, the estimated gain in actual number of
workers being 3,000. Increased activity was particularly marked in
copper mining.
Retail-trade establishments had 2.4 percent, or 77,300, more em
ployees on their pay rolls, the October index (83.8) being higher than
the level recorded in October of any year since 1931. The generalmerchandising group (composed of department, variety, generalmerchandise, and mail-order houses) reported a seasonal gain of 5.3
percent, which brought the index for the group to 97.1, the highest
point reached in October of any year since 1929. The wearingapparel group showed a seasonal gain of 5.3 percent, the housefurnishing group a seasonal increase of 4.2 percent, and the lumber
and building-material group a gain of 3.1 percent.
An increase of 2.4 percent in employment in wholesale trade brought
the October employment index to 85.7, the highest level recorded
since July 1931. Translated into actual number of workers em
ployed in wholesale trade, the gain amounted to 32,100. Among the
branches of wholesale trade sharing in the expansion were: Dry goods
and apparel, general merchandise, furniture and house furnishings,
groceries, hardware, lumber and building materials, drugs and chemi
cals, paper and paper products, electrical goods, and leather and
leather goods.
The largest decrease in employment (3.6 percent, or 12,900 workers)
was in bituminous-coal mining and was due chiefly to labor disturb
ances in certain localities. In the aggregate, the 17 nonmanufacturing
industries covered showed a gain of 110,000 in number of employees
and an increase of $2,200,000 in weekly pay rolls.
Indexes of employment and pay rolls, per-capita weekly earnings,
average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in
October 1935 for 13 of the trade, public utility, mining, and service
industries, together with percentage changes from September 1935
and October 1934, are shown in table 3. Similar information, except
indexes of employment and pay rolls, is also presented for private
building construction. Man-hour data and indexes of employment
and pay rolls are not available for banking, brokerage, or insurance
establishments, but the table shows percentage changes in employ
ment, pay rolls, and per capita weekly earnings for these three
industries.
Table 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings, in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1935
Employment
Industry
Percentage
Index,
change from—
Octo
ber 1935
(aver
age Septem October
1929= ber 1935 1934
100.0)
Coal mining:
Anthracite_______________ ___________________
Bituminous_________ _______________________
Metalliferous mining___ ____ _____________ ______
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining..................... .
Crude-petroleum producing.......................................
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph......................... ..........
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas----------------------- ------- ---------- ------------------Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation
and maintenance-------------------------- ------------Trade:
Wholesale_______________ ___________________
Retail_______________ _____________________
General merchandising.................................
Other than general merchandising_______
Hotels (cash payments only)3....................................
71.1
85.7
83.8
97.1
80.3
81.6
Laundries................. ........... .....................................
Dyeing and cleaning...... ....................... .....................
Banks__________________________________________
Brokerage-------------------------- ---------------- ---------------Insurance_______________________________________
Building construction____ ______ _______________
81.9
80.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
- 1 .3
- 2 .1
-.4
+ .3
-.2
~ ( 2)
58.8
74,3
51.6
50.0
74.7
+27.7
- 3 .6
+ 5 .5
- .1
-.6
70.0
-.6
+ .5
+ .1
+ 2.4
+ 2 .4
+ 5.3
+ 1 .5
+ .6
+ .2
+. 1
+ 2 .0
+ 6.1
+. 7
+ 4 .6
87.3
Per capita weekly
earnings 1
Pay roll
+ 0.5
- 6 .3
+19.2
- 3 .5
- 6 .0
Average hours worked
per week 1
Average hourly
earnings 1
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index,
change from—
change from—
change from—
change from—
Octo
Average
Average
Average
ber 1935
in Oc
in Oc
in Oc
(aver
tober
tober
tober
age
Septem October 1935 Septem October 1935 S’e ptem October 1935 Septem October
1929= ber 1935 1934
ber 1935 1934
ber 1935 1934
ber 1935 1934
100.0)
+15.7
+21.2
+37. 2
+13.7
-4 .8
$27.66
24.19
23.34
18.30
28.53
+14.7
+20.5
+ 3 .5
+ 3 .3
- 4 .3
.0
28.79
+ 2 .2
+ .5
38.1
-.5
+ 4 .7
30.77
-.6
+ 3 .0
40.0
+ 2 .8
+ 1 .7
28.66
+ (2)
+ 3 .3
45.5
+ .4
+ 3 .6
+ 2 .1
+ 3 .2
+ 1 .9
+ 2 .6
27.07
20.05
17.07
22.68
13.59
-3 .0
-1 .5
-1 .7
-.9
+ 1 .3
+ 1 .8
+ .7
+. 1
+ .9
+ 1 .7
41.9
42.5
39.8
43.3
47.9
.0
-.2
+ .8
-.5
+ .8
15.56
18. 60
31.58
35.08
35.55
25.85
+• 1
-1 .0
+. 1
+ 1 .1
-.8
+ .2
+ 3.3
+ 3 .3
-.5
+ 3 .7
+ 2 .4
+ 8 .9
40.5
42.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
32.3
-.2
- 1 .4
(4)
(4)
(4)
+ .6
55.9
69.8
38.7
36.5
57.9
+46. 5
+16.1
+ 9 .2
+ 3 .3
- 4 .8
-.4
74.9
+ 1 .5
+ 1 .7
84.4
-.1
- 1 .5
64.1
+ .1
+ 1 .7
+ 1 .5
+ 3 .1
+ 1 .0
+ .9
66.8
63.2
79.8
59.8
64.3
-.6
+ 1 .1
+ 3 .4
+. 6
+ 1 .9
67.1
61.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
- 1 .1
- 3 .1
-.3
+ 1 .4
-1 .0
+ .1
+ 3 .5
+ 3 .4
+ 1 .4
+ 10.0
+ 3 .1
+13.9
+15.1
+29.3
+15.2
+17.7
+ 1 .3
33.5
30.0
39.5
38.7
36.3
+ 12.0
+ 10.7
+ 2 .9
+ 5 .4
-4 .5
Cents
82.5
80.0
58.4
47.2
77.1
+ 0 .1
+ 8 .7
+ .9
- 1 .7
-.1
-2 .5
78.0
+ 2 .6
+ 4 .4
+ 1 .6
76.9
- 3 .4
+ 1 .9
+ 2 .2
62.0
-.2
+ 1.1
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .2
+ 4 .9
+ 1 .7
+ 2 .4
64.0
51.5
46.0
53.3
27.9
- 3 .2
- 1 .2
- 2 .1
-.6
+ .4
- 1 .5
- 2 .3
- 4 .6
- 1 .5
+ .1
+ 4 .0
-1 .0
(4)
36.8
44.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
80.1
.0
+ .7
(4)
(4)
(4)
.0
-.7
-.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
+ 1 .4
+15.5
+21.1
+14.4
+14.1
-3 .4
+ 9 .9
- 0 .2
+ 8 .8
+ 2 .0
- 3 .2
+ 1.8
1 Per-capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data furnished
by a smaller number of establishments, as some firms do not report man-hour information. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes.
2 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
3 The additional value of board, rooms, and tips cannot be computed.
* N ot available.
13
Indexes of employment and pay rolls in trade, public utility, mining, and service
industries, January 1934 to October 1935
I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls in 13 trade, public utility,
mining, and service industries and 2 subdivisions under retail trade
are shown by months in table 4 for the period January 1934 to
October 1935.
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1934 to October 1935 1
[12-month average, 1929=100]
Anthracite mining
M onth
Bituminous-coal
mining
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
E m ploy
ment
1934
1934
1934 1935 1934 1J35 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
January..........
February........
M arch_______
A pril...............
M a y _________
J u n e ............. .
64.1
63.2
67.5
58.2
63 8
57.5
62
64.4
51.4
52.6
53.5
56.8
73.2
65.8
82.4
51.7
64.0
53.3
57.5
64.3
38 9
49.9
49.5
75.8
76.1
77.8
72.2
76.7
66.0 76.7
80.0
81.1
81.6
74.3
75.3
77.9
51.3
54.6
58.9
51.4
54.4
55.1
59.6 39.6
66.1 40.3
67.5 39.8
45.0 41.7
49.1 40.8
64.7 41.0
44.3
44.3
45.0
46.0
44.4
46.0
25.4
26.0
25.9
27.2
25.6
26.7
30.1
29.9
30.9
31.8
31.4
31.5
39.7
38.8
42.0
48.7
54.3
56.6
36.9
37.3
40.5
45.3
49.5
50.4
July.................
August---------September___
October______
Novem ber—
December___
53.6
49.5
56.9
58.5
60.7
61.6
49.4
38.7
46.0
58.8
42.3
39.7
47.0
48.3
51.2
52.3
37.5
28.3
38.2
55.9
70.0
73.4
77.1
74.3
49.7
50.4
51.4
57.6
58.3
57.0
35.9
45.8
60.1
69.8
39.9
42.7
42.3
43.3
43.2
44.4
45.2
46.3
48.9
51.6
25.1
27.0
25.9
28.2
28.5
29.4
31.1
33.4
35.4
38.7
55.6
54.7
53.3
51.8
49.5
42.1
50.9
51.0
50.0
50.0
Average
59.6
77.0
77.1
78.2
79.3
79.8
79.7
77.2
55.9
Crude-petroleum
producing
54.2
41.6
26.7
48.9
Pay rolls
21.3 20.8
21.0
22.2
24.1
29.9
35.0
37.0
24.9
28.9
32.8
33.8
35.0
34.0
32.4
32.1
29.4
23.6
34.4
36.3
35.4
36.5
29.6
Telephone and tele
graph
Electric light and
power and manu
factured gas
Electric-railroad and
motor-bus opera
tion and mainte
nance 2
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
73.2
72.4
72.8
74.0
76.7
80.0
74.9
74.2
74.0
74.9
76.0
76.7
53.0
50.5
52.5
53.4
56.4
56.9
July............... .
August---------September—
October______
Novem ber----D ecem ber____
81.6
82.7
81.8
79.5
78.8
78.7
77.4
376.3
375.1
74.7
60.0
61.2
59.7
60.8
59.0
59.5
Average
77.7
56.9
55.5
54.9
56.0
56.7
57.8
59.2
59.
358.'
60.
57.'
Pay rolls
1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934
1934 1935 1934 1935
January..........
February____
M arch, ______
A pril________
M a y _________
J u n e ..............
Pay rolls
70.2
69.8
70.0
70.2
70.2
70.4
70.5
70.0
69.8
69.7
70.0
70.2
69.0 73.9 82.2 82.7
67.9 72.9 81.2 82.2
70.4 75.3 81.7 82.2
68.8 73.1 82.4 82.6
71.4 73. 7 83.1 83.2
71.3 74.4 84.0
73.8
74 4
75.6
76.8
77.6
77.8
78.0
78.3
79.4
79.0
79.8
79 8
70.5
71.0
71.7
72.2
72.
73.2
71.2
71.0
71.3
71.4
71.6
71.7
59.2
60.1
62.2
62.9
63.0
63.2
62.9
63 1
63.4
63.3
63.6
63.9
71.0
71.0
70.9
70.3
69.9
69.7
70.3
70.5
70.4
70.0
72.3
74.0
72.2
74.9
72.2
73.2
75.7 85.0 84.7
75.5 85.6 86.7
85.8 86.9
7.49 85.8 87.3
85.5
83.6
81.1
79.9
79.3
80.
79.6
78.3
81.5
82.8
84.5
84.4
73.1
72.8
72.5
72.2
71.8
71.0
71.5
71.2
71.0
71.1
63.8
62.8
62.4
63.0
61.8
62.3
63.4
63.3
64.0
64.1
83.8
77.9
70.3
71.5
373.
72.1
62.2
1 Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found
in the Novem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues
of the M onthly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935
issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M onthly Labor Review.
2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 1.
s Revised.
14
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1934 to October 1935— Continued
Wholesale trade
Month
Employ
ment
Pay rolls
Total retail trade
Employ
ment
Pay rolls
trade—other
Retail trade—general Retail
than general mer
merchandising
chandising
Employ
ment
Employ
ment
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935
January..........
February____
March_____ .
April________
May________
Jnno
80.6
81 ?
81 8
8? 1
8? 8
8? 3
84.2
84.6
84
83 ?
8? 5
8? 1
60.3
61.0
ft
63 1
6? 6
6? 8
63.9
64.6
65.2
64 8
64 6
64 6
79.8
79 6
81 5
82 5
82 9
82 6
July_________
August.......... .
September___
October_____
November___
December____
82.2
82.5
83.5
84.3
85.1
85.0
8? 1
382.7
83.7
85.7
63.8
62.7
63.6
64.5
64.2
64.8
64.6
64.8
67.2
66.8
79
77.8
81.7
82.6
83.7
91.1
Average.. 82.8 ...... 63.0
......
82.1
ft 6?
86.6
85.0
90.1
91.0
92.0
90.6
87.3
86.2
88.6
94.4
91.3
91.2
71.1
68.9
71.5
74.0
74.5
73.9
73.5
72.3
74.1
77.5
76.3
76.7
78.0
78.2
79.3
80.3
80.5
80.5
77.4
77.3
78.0
80.7
79.8
79.8
56.5
56.7
57.4
58.5
58.8
58.8
56.9
56.6
57.6
59.4
59.0
59.5
60.1 60.5 83.0
78.0 58.4 59.3 81.2
81.8 60.6 62.5 91.5
83.8 61.9 63.2 94.2
61.9
99.9
66.2
128.4
85.5
83.1
92.2
97.1
69.5
66.9
74.0
77.3
80.2
99.0
72.0
69.5
77.2
79.8
77.9
76.9
79.1
79.5
79.4
81.3
77.7
76.7
79.1
80.3
58.2
56.6
57.8
58.7
58.1
59.4
58.1
57.2
59.4
59.8
! 79.2 ......
58.0
79.5
79.2
80.2
83.5
82.2
82.2
59.0
58.8
59.8
61.2
61.5
61.4
59.7
59.3
60.4
62.5
62.0
62.5
ft 79.3
.....
60.9
.....
92.8
Year-round hotels
Employ
ment
Month
......
75.1 ........
Laundries
Pay rolls Employ
ment
Dyeing and cleaning
Payrolls
Employ
ment
Pay rolls
1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935
Jannarv
76.4 80.3 57.2 62.2 78.5
78.4
79.2
80.5
82.1
84.0
79.6
79.6
79.7
80.0
81.1
82.3
61.7
61.7
62.7
64.4
66.9
68.3
63.9
64.1
64.6
65.5
66.6
68.2
68.1
68.1
72.4
79.9
84.3
84.9
70.3
69.6
72.5
79.9
80.9
83.6
46.8
46.3
51.7
60.8
65.1
64.1
50.4
49.8
53.5
61.9
61.7
65.7
80.4
80.0
80.0
80.9
80.6
80.0
84.4
84.2
83.0
81.9
68. 2
66.6
65.9
64.8
63. 7
63.3
70.9
69.2
67.9
67.1
80.5
78.6
80.0
80.3
75.8
72.4
81. 7
79.4
82.1
80.4
58.9
56.7
59.0
59.1
53.9
51.1
61.5
58.2
63.1
61.1
February.........
-------- .........
78.9 81.1 60.9 63.5
March............. •........ .
------- 80.4 80.8 62.2 63.9
April................
81.5 81.1 62.7 63.6
May................ ........ .......... -------81.8 81.6 62.9 63.7
81.9 81.3 62.9 63.5
June................
July__.............
August.............
September.......
October...........
Novfimber
------::
___
December
Average
::::::
80.2
80.3
80.7
81.1
81.6
61.5
60.2
61.0
62.7
62.4
62.2
61.6
62.1
62.0
63.1
64.3
84.6
83.7
82.9
81.7
80.3
79.5
81.3
64.9
77.1
56.1
* Revised.
Em ploym ent on Class I Railroads
A c c o r d i n g to preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce
Commission there were 1,004,842 workers exclusive of executives and
officials employed in October by class I railroads— that is, roads hav
ing yearly operating revenues of $1,000,000 or over. This represents
a gain of 0.8 percent over September when 996,726 workers w^ere
employed. Information concerning pay rolls in October was not
available at the time this report was prepared. The total compen
sation of all employees except executives and officials in September
was $131,558,448, compared with $135,942,163 in August, a decrease
of 3.2 percent.
15
The Commission’s preliminary indexes of employment, taking the
3-year average, 1923-25 as 100, are 56.5 for September and 56.9 for
October. The final August index is 56.6.
Trend o f Privat e Employment by States
C h a n g e s in employment and pay rolls from September to October
1935 are shown by States in table 5 for all groups combined (except
building construction) and for all manufacturing industries combined.
Data for nonmanufacturing groups which were formerly published
in this table are omitted from this report, but are available in the
office of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The percentage changes shown in the table, unless otherwise noted,
are unweighted— that is, the industries included in the manufacturing
group and in the grand total have not been weighted according to
their relative importance.
Table 5.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in September and October 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States
{Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by
cooperating State organizations]
Total—all groups
Per
cent
Geographic divi N um Number age Amount of
sion and State
ber of on pay change pay roll
(1 week)
estab
roll
from
lish October
October
Sep
1935
1935
ments
tember
1935
Manufacturing
Per
cent
age
change
from
Sep
tember
1935
Per
N um Number cent Amount of
age
ber of on pay
change pay roll
roll
estab
(1 week)
lish October from
October
Sep
1935
ments
1935
tember
1935
Per
cent
age
change
from
Sep
tember
1935
New England___
M aine— ..........
N ew H am p
shire________
Verm ont_____
Massachusetts
R hode Island..
Connecticut. _.
13,811
781
823,572
48,873
+ 2 .0 $17,630,574
-4 .4
914,285
+ 1 .6 3,144
- 4 .1
255
550,992
39,701
+ 2 .4 $11,136,966
- 3 .8
711,726
+ 2 .5
- 4 .1
654
464
18,602
1, 247
2,063
35,239
17,026
447,922
91,303
183, 209
-2 .4
+ 1 .9
+ 1.8
+ 5 .0
+ 3 .7
- 3 .6
180
+ 3 .4
123
+ . 8 1,548
+ 5 .9
403
+ 3 .9
635
28,003
10,127
252,340
70,446
150,375
- 1 .9
+ 3 .8
+ 2.6
+ 5 .3
+ 3 .4
527,288
202,043
5,109,450
1,359,943
3,226,516
- 3 .2
+ 5. 1
+ 1.8
+ 7 .4
+ 4 .2
Middle Atlantic..
N ew Y ork____
New Jersey___
Pennsylvania.
31,229 1,877,483
18,548 821. 024
3,585 267, 247
9,096 789, 212
+ 1 .7 25,319,417
+ 1.2 10,102,087
+ 2.6 5,381,695
+ 1.6 9,835,635
+ 3.7
+ .6
+ 4-3
+ 6.8
East North Cen
tral.......................
Ohio.................
Indiana............
Illinois..............
Michigan.........
Wisconsin........
19,129 1,867,115 + 3.5
8,249 541, 264 + 1 .6
1,800 192,616 - 2 .4
44,486 497, 801
+•4
3,585 460, 926 +13.7
61,009 174,508 + 1 .3
W est North Cen
tral------------------Minnesota
Iow a.................
Missouri..........
North Dakota.
South Dakota .
Nebraska____
Kansas............
11,120
2,077
1, 695
3, 227
503
481
1,394
81, 743
404,770
87,198
56, 580
160,726
5,099
5,765
34,041
55, 361
See footnotes at end of table.
35573— 35------ 3
686,273
346,539
9,818,267
1,863,936
4,001,274
+ 2 .3 45,360,280
+ 1 .2 21,071,860
+ 2 .2 6,282,609
+ 3 .5 18,005,811
-.6
- 4 .6
- 2 .8
+• 8
+ 1 .9
+ 5.1
+ 6 .5
—. 5
+ 3 .8 4,976 1,110,248
+ .6 21,941 409,245
+ 3 .4 3 757 235,692
+ 7 .8 2,278 465,311
44,896,734 + 7 .3 6,753 1,344,692 + 3 .3 32,095,828 + 6 .4
12,759,260 + 3 .0 2,265 388,448 + 1 .6 9,275,007 +3. 4
4,280,000 + 2.2
827 155,779 - 3 .0
3,440,265 + 2.6
11,663,396 + 2.6 2,094 315,264
+• 1 7,232,590 + 2 .3
12,282,837 +22.8
818 346,119 +12.9 9,009, 044 + 18 .0
3,911,241 _(6)
749 139,082
1 - .3
3,138,922 i - l . l
8,829,179
1,994,308
1,178,131
3,463,814
112,005
120, 714
718, 585
1,241,622
- . 2 2,108
- 2 .4
368
- 2 .1
392
+ .2
758
- 1 .0
47
+ 2 .2
37
153
+ 1.1
-.2
353
184,046 - 1 . 6
37,379 - 9 .3
29,022 - 7 .3
77,292 + 2.1
804 - 3 .9
1,879 +12.7
12,492 +15.8
25,178 - 1 .5
3,913,920
841,030
585,675
1, 571,033
19,381
39,036
264,018
593,747
- 2 .8
-4 . 5
+ L4
—4. 9
+ 5 .9
+8. 1
-A
16
Table 5.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in October 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued
Total—all groups
Per
Geographic divi N um Number cent
age Am ount of
ber of on pay change pay roll
sion and State
roll
(1 week)
estab
from
lish October
October
Sep
1935
ments
1935
tember
1935
S o u t h A t l a n t i c .. 10,971
240
D ela w a re____
M arylan d____ 1,681
Dis. Columbia 1, 055
Virginia______ 2,105
W est Virginia. 1,238
North Carolina 1,318
South
Caro
716
lina..............Georgia_______ 1, 492
Florida_______ 1,176
740,753
14, 327
106,961
40, 491
92,153
142, 355
145, 543
Manufacturing
Per
cent
age
change
from
Sep
tember
1935
N um N um ber
ber of on pay
roll
estab
lish October
1935
ments
+ 2 .2 $13,782,647 + 5 .3 2,673
312,996
-1 . 2
-. 1
85
-.5
2, 249, 425
557
+•
982,992 + 3 .0
+ 3 .7
39
1,672, 291 + 1 .3
+ .9
417
+2. 2 3, 434, 469 + 14.7
244
2,127, 033 + 4 .4
+ 2 .3
586
482,143
9, 599
69,901
3, 641
59, 722
55, 654
135,184
Per
cent Am ount of
age
pay roll
change (1 week)
from
October
Sep
1935
tember
1935
Per
cent
age
change
from
Sep
tember
1935
+ 1 .8 $7,948,412
- 2 .9
194, 694
7-.2
1,401,602
121, 718
-1 .4
- . 1 1, 029,471
1,224, 651
+ 2 .9
1,953, 364
+ 2 .0
+ 3 .1
-1 .5
7-.7
-.9
-.7
+5. 0
+ 4 .6
+ 3. 6
+ 7 .0
+ 9 .9
63,349
97,988
37, 586
+ 1 .6
+ 4 .0
+ 6 .4
859, 726
1, 482, 609
661,106
+ 3 .2
+ 4 .5
+ 5 .6
197
357
191
56,479
74, 363
17, 600
+ 1 .6
+ 4 .9
+ 4 .8
738,401
1, 007,933
276, 578
E ast S o u t h C en
tra l— ........ .......... 4,634
K en tu cky____ 1, 564
Tennessee......... 1, 294
A la b a m a ......... 1,195
581
Mississippi___
249,752
82, 500
86,182
64,970
16,100
- 1 .0
- 1 .1
+ 1 .1
- 4 .6
+ 5 .0
4,410, Qll
1, 727, 017
1, 459, 448
981, 208
242, 338
+ 3 .7
+ 8 .5
+ 2 .5
- 2 .9
+ 6 .4
915
272
312
231
100
156,150
34,483
62, 052
49, 578
10,037
+ 3 .5
+ 3 .8
+ 2 .6
+ 3 .4
+ 8 .5
2,497,924 + 5 .5
659, 577 + 6 .3
1, 007, 263 + 4 .7
698, 532 + 4 .7
132,552 + 13.1
W est S o u t h C en
t r a l . - . ................. 4,261
»606
Arkansas.........
997
Louisiana_____
1,441
Oklahoma
1,217
Texas
166,222
23,832
41, 264
38,730
62, 396
(6)
+ .9
+ 1 .0
+ 1 .3
-1 .8
3,438,833
400, 730
740,813
849, 766
1,447,524
+ .3
+ 3 .2
+ .4
-.3
-.1
876
255
212
131
278
84,400
16,593
20, 776
10, 381
36, 650
+ .9
+ 5 .5
+. 8
+ 3 .1
+ 1 .6
1,655,466
257,514
320, 535
216,933
860,484
+• 9
+ 2 .6
+ 1 .9
+ 2 .4
+ .2
M o u n t a i n ............. 4,581
744
M ontana-------485
Idaho _______
341
W yom ing____
Colorado_____ 1, 247
321
N ew M e x ic o ._
578
A r iz o n a .........
610
U tah.... .......... ..
255
N evada______
128,651 + 7 .9
18, 593 + 4 .9
11,890 + 12.8
9,210 + 5 .0
45, 842 + 9 .5
6,146 + 1 .9
13, 799 +12.1
19,625 + 7 .0
3, 546 - 1 . 4
2.957,208 +7 .7
499,961 + 6 .8
253,112 + 5 .6
268, 973 + 11.7
981, 928 + 6 .5
125, 663 + 10.0
316, 906 + 9 .6
414,128 + 10.7
96, 537 - 1 .2
542
82
51
43
173
26
39
95
33
43,033
5,710
4,992
2,331
17,911
1, 033
2,389
7,643
1,024
+20.3
+14.5
+25. 2
+ 22.0
+28.4
-.4
+ 4 .6
+15. 5
+ 1 .5
873,070
139, 080
106, 048
62, 611
337, 257
17,134
53,813
127, 066
30,061
+ 13.5
+14.7
+ 12 .6
+ 14.0
+ 17.6
+ 2 .4
+ 7 .1
+ 9 .3
+ 3 .9
241,676 - 7 .9
52, 227
-.6
34, 036 - 7 . 5
155,413 - 1 0 .2
5,812,857
1,177, 052
708, 426
3, 927,379
- 3 .4
+ 1 .0
- 5 .4
- 4 .2
P a cific___________
W ashington. _.
Oregon.........
California. . . _
6,622
3,171
1,387
1*2,064
449,705
96, 628
55, 740
297, 337
- 4 .1
+ .4
- 5 .2
- 5 .2
11,158,888
2, 280, 450
1, 253, 547
7,624, 891
- 1 .0 1,827
+ 1.6
487
-3 .2
257
- 1 .4 1,083
1 Includes construction, municipal^ agricultural, and office employment, amusement and recreation, pro
fessional services, and trucking and handling.
2 Includes laundering and cleaning, but does not include canning and preserving.
s Includes laundries.
4 Includes miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
J Includes construction, but does not include hotels, restaurants, and public works.
« Less than jio of 1 percent.
7 Weighted percentage change.
■8 Includes construction, miscellaneous services (theaters), and restaurants.
f Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.
Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.
Private Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities
A c o m p a r i s o n of October employment and pay-roll totals with
September totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population
of 500,000 or over is made in table 6. The changes are computed from
reports received from identical establishments in each of the months
considered.
17
In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups
regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been
secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these
city totals. As information concerning employment in building
construction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this
industry have not been included in these city totals.
Table 6.— Fluctuations in Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities, October
1935, as Compared with September 1935
Number on pay roll
Num ber of
establish
ments re
porting
in both
months
September
1935
N ew York C ity ........ .......
Chicago, 111____________
Philadelphia, P a _____ _
Detroit, M ich __________
Los Angeles, Calif______
15,194
3,644
2,768
1, 508
3,182
640,651
350, 583
219, 629
256,140
139, 706
652,092
353,033
223,710
294,168
140, 497
Cleveland, Ohio________
St. Louis, M o __________
Baltimore, M d . _______
Boston, M ass___________
Pittsburgh, P a_________
1,836
1, 715
1, 281
3,591
1,590
129,417
121, 238
79,472
160, 278
182, 761
San Francisco, Calif........
Buffalo, N . Y __________
Milwaukee, W is________
1,655
1, 083
707
95,892
63, 830
69,178
Cities
Per
cent
age
change
from
Sep
tem
ber
1935
Amount of pay roll
(1 week)
Per
cent
age
change
from
Sep
tem
ber
1935
September
1935
October
1935
+ 1 .8
+• 7
+ 1 .9
+14.8
+ .6
17, 076,920
8,858,167
5, 247,068
6, 731, §70
3, 598,409
17, 213,816
8,865,394
5,333,959
8,231,658
3, 572, 799
+ 0 .8
+. 1
+ 1. 7
+22.3
-.7
134, 220
123, 483
80,662
162, 009
183, 345
+ 3 .7
+ 1.9
+ 1 .5
+ 1 .1
+ .3
3,113, 658
2, 685,849
1, 716, 533
3,820,063
4, 252,644
3,290,613
2, 714, 216
1, 747,754
3,829,335
4, 390, 766
+ 5 .7
+ 1.1
+ 1 .8
+ .2
+ 3 .2
89, 770
66, 734
69,768
- 6 .4
+ 4 .5
+ .9
2,480,920
1,516, 767
1, 638, 252
2, 384, 216
1,617, 750
1, 652, 388
- 3 .9
+ 6 .7
+ .9
October
1935
Part II— Public Employment
A g g r e g a t e employment in the various agencies of the Federal
Government, exclusive of relief work, registered a substantial gain in
October. On relief work, enrollments at Civilian Conservation
Camps increased moderately, but the number of workers employed
on the emergency work program declined sharply. In the regular
agencies of the Federal Government slight increases in the number of
employees occurred in the executive, judicial, and military branches;
a small loss, however, was shown for the legislative service. On
construction projects, a substantial gain in employment was regis
tered on construction projects financed by regular governmental ap
propriations. On the other hand, decreases in the number of workers
employed occurred on construction projects financed by the Public
Works Administration and on construction projects financed by the
Reconstruction Finance Corporation. The Works Program, with an
88.0-percent increase, had the sharpest gain in employment for the
month.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for
October is given in table 7.
18
Table 7.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, October 1935
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
October
Federal service:
Executive_____________ __ ____
Judicial___ ____ _________ ______
Legislative-------------------------------M ilitary_________ ____ ________
Construction projects:
Financed by P. W . A __________
Financed b y R . F. C ___________
Financed b y regular govern
mental appropriations________
The W orks Program_______________
Relief work:
Emergency work program______
Emergency conservation work__
Per
cent
age
September change
Pay roll
September
Per
cent
age
ehange
+ 0 .3 $119,867, 437 2$116,106,890
+ 3 .1
494,927
487,976
-.3
1, 210, 247
1, 206, 041
21,893, 635
21,834, 559
+ 2 .1
+ 3 .2
+ 1 .4
+ .3
+ .3
October
i 796,830
1,885
5,120
281,654
794,679
1,829
5,137
275,964
3 308, 632
9,192
* 344, 520
9,301
-1 0 .4
- 1 .2
3 21, 692, 439
952, 790
4 22,772,317
957,846
-4 .7
-.5
59, 091
631,940
45, 592
335,839
+29.6
+88.2
4,193,129
29, 447, 788
3,199,785
15, 483,352
+ 31 .0
+ 90 .2
17,630,711
21,147,711
« 24,830, 752 6 224, 404, 708
- 1 6 .6
+ 1 .7
644,639
« 550, 650
883,968 -2 7 .1
« 534, 057 " + 3 .1
1 N ot including 183 employees transferred, but not reported b y department to which they were as
signed.
2 Revised.
3 Includes 1,184 wage earners and a pay roll of $54,380 on projects financed from the Emergency Relief
Appropriation A ct of 1935.
4Includes 317 wage earners and a pay roll of $10,575 on projects financed from the Emergency R elief
Appropriation A ct of 1935.
6 46,979 employees and pay roll of $6,590,152 included in executive service.
e 46,912 employees and pay roll of $6,190,048 included in executive service.
Executive Service o f the Federal Governm ent
E m p lo y m e n t in October in the executive branches of the Federal
Government was 14.0 percent greater than in the same month of the
previous year. (See table 8.) Compared with September the level
of employment in October remained virtually the same, showing an
increase of less than 1 percent. Of the 796,830 employees in the
executive branch in October, 14.0 percent were employed in the
District of Columbia and 86 percent outside the District.
The information concerning employment in the executive depart
ments is collected by the Civil Service Commission from the different
departments and offices of the United States Government. The
figures are tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
19
Table 8,— Employees in Executive Service of the United States, October 1934,
September 1935, and October 1935
District of Columbia
Outside District of
Columbia
Entire service
Item
Per
ma
nent
T em
p o
rary
Number of employees:
October 1934 2. ...............
86,887 8,431
September 1935—...........
99,922 9,242
October 1935__________ 101,993 8, 549
Gain or loss:
October 1934 to October
1935.-_______________ +15,106 +118
September 1935 to Octo
ber 1935...................... . +2,071
-693
Percentage change:
October 1934 to Octo
ber 1935................. .
+17. 39 + 1. 40
September 1935 to Oc
+2.07 - 7 . 50
tober 1935___________
Labor turn-over, October
1935:
Additions 5......................
3,302 1,287
1,432 1,178
Separations«__________
Turn-over rate per 100.........
1.42 13.24
Total
Per
ma
nent
Tem
po
rary i
Total
Per
ma
nent
Tem
po
rary 1
Total
95,318 508,423 94,650 603,073 595,310 103,081 698,391
109,164 562,901 122,614 685,515 662,823 131,856 794,679
110,542 3570,234 116,054 686, 288 672,227 124,603 4 796,830
+15, 224 +61,811 +21,404 +83, 215 +76,917 +21, 522 +98,439
- 7 , 253
+2,151
+15. 97 +12.16 +22. 61 +13.80 +12.92 +20.88
+14.10
+ 1, 378 +7,333
- 6 , 560
+773 +9,404
+ 1. 26
+1.30
-5 .3 5
+ .1 1
+1.42
- 5 . 50
+ .2 7
4, 589
2, 610
2. 38
21,896
15,127
2. 67
30,853
37, 267
25.85
52,749
52,394
7. 64
25,198
16, 559
2.48
32,140
38,445
25.06
57,338
55,004
6.91
1 N ot including field employees of the Post Office Department or 46,428 employees hired under letters of
authorization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $1,743,866.
2 Revised.
3 Includes 5,708 persons transferred from several State emergency relief administrations which admin
istered relief activities partially financed b y funds received from the Federal Emergency Relief Admin*
istration.
* N ot including 183 employees transferred, but not reported b y department to which they were assigned.
6 N ot including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be
regarded as labor turn-over.
The most pronounced increases in Federal employment during
October occurred in the Federal Emergency Administration of
Public Works and the Works Progress Administration. Substantial
gains, however, were shown by the Department of Agriculture, the
Department of Labor, and the Navy Department. The largest
losses in employment were reported by the War Department,
Tenitiessee Valley Authority, and the National Emergency Council.
Construction. Projects Financed by Public Works Administration
M o r e than 308,000 wage earners were working at the site of Public
Works Administration construction projects during October.1 Com
pared with September, this is a decrease of approximately 36,000
employees. Pay-roll disbursements for the month amounted to
nearly $22,000,000, as against $23,000,000 in September. More
than 30,000,000 man-hours were worked during the month and
hourly earnings averaged 72 cents.
1 Unless otherwise expressly stated, when referred to in this study it may be accepted as meaning the
month ending October 15.
20
Federal construction projects are financed entirely by allotments
made by the Public Works Administration to the various agencies
and departments of the Federal Government from funds provided
under the National Industrial Recovery Act. The work is performed
either by commercial firms, which have been awarded contracts, or
by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the
Public Works Administration from funds available under either the
National Industrial Recovery Act or the Emergency Relief Appro
priation Act of 1935. Most of the allotments have been made to the
States and their political subdivisions, but occasionally allotments
have been made to commercial firms. In financing projects for the
States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated under
the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Adminis
tration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total
construction cost. When funds provided under the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 are used to finance a non-Federal
project, as much as 45 percent of the total cost may be furnished in
the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more of the cost
is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify such action,
the Public Works Administration will provide the grantee with the
additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to commercial
enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by the Public
Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date
of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works Administra
tion to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public. In this
way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of the
activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Admin
istration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives-and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in com
mercial shops.
Information concerning the first type of railroad work, i. e., con
struction, is shown in table 9, page 21. Employment in car and
locomotive shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and
locomotive shops is shown in a separate table. (See table 11, p. 24.)
Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during October on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given, by type of project, in table 9.
21
Table 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From
Public-Works Funds, October 1935
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of wage
earners
T yp e of project
M axi
mum
W eekly
nu m ber1 average
employed
Num ber of Average
Am ount of
man-hours earnings
pay rolls
per hour
worked
Value of
orders
placed for
materials
Federal projects financed from N. I. R. A. funds
A ll projects........................................... 2 180,519
JBuilding construction........................
F o re stry ..............................................
Naval vessels.................................... .
P ublic roads8.......................................
Reclamation.........................................
13,452
58
28,382
0)
17, 629
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads................................
Water and sewerage............................
Miscellaneous.......................................
26,196
4,594
294
1,968
172,597 $13,099,416
19,818,862
$0.661
$18,706,563
10,926
54
28,113
87,946
15,968
933, 724
4,228
3, 810, 540
3,995,600
1,667,015
1,062,960
6,408
4,694,333
7, 801,100
2,403,310
.878
.660
.812
.512
.694
2,309,634
2,425
3,873,171
7,600,000
1,298,036
23,403
4,079
236
1,872
2,278,592
231,390
17,774
160,553
3,112, 913
472, 834
23,809
241,195
.732
.489
.747
.666
3,350, 233
141,820
8,510
122, 734
Non-Federal projects financed from N . I. R. A. funds
A ll projects...........................................
124,305
102,948
$8,325,317
10,141,220
$0. 821
$15,329,672
Building construction_____ ______
Railroad construction._____________
Streets and roads__________________
W ater and sewerage_______________
Miscellaneous_____________________
57,496
3,970
17,933
38, 259
6,647
46,918
3,305
14, 759
32,445
5,521
4,142,444
194, 016
983,422
2,536,845
468,590
4,412,394
306,698
1,414,810
3,364,993
642,325
.939
. 633
.695
. 754
.730
7,858,702
43,993
1, 876,519
4,499, 245
1,051,213
Non-Federal projects financed from E. R . A. A. funds
All projects...........................................
1,184
979
$54,380
78,928
$0.689
$159,568
Building construction_____________
E lectrification_____________________
Streets and roads__________________
W ater and sewerage___ ____________
412
21
484
267
348
18
375
238
18,652
1,124
22,391
12,213
29,308
1,701
29,534
18,385
.636
.661
.758
.664
57, 569
1,894
36,492
63,613
1 Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
4 N ot available; average number included in total.
Employment on Federal construction projects showed a decrease of
approximately 27,000 when compared with September. The com
pletion of many projects under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of
Public Roads was the principal factor contributing to this decline.
A moderate increase was shown in the number employed in the
construction of naval vessels.
For the first time since March 1935, employment on non-Federal
construction projects financed under the National Industrial Re
covery Act failed to register an increase. A slight falling off occurred
in all types of projects.
22
Data concerning employment on non-Federal construction projects
financed by funds made available by the Emergency Relief Appro
priation Act of 1935 are published separately for the first time. The
1,184 wage earners employed on these projects during October mark
an increase of 867, compared with the previous month. Street and
road projects provided more employment than any other type, but
building construction followed closely. These two types accounted
for approximately three-fourths of the total employment shown.
Earnings of wage earners employed on Federal projects averaged
66 cents per hour. Average hourly earnings ranged from 88 cents on
building construction to 49 cents on street and road work. On nonFederal projects financed by the National Industrial Recovery Act
the average hourly earnings were 82 cents, the range being from 94
cents on building construction to 63 cents on railroad construction
projects. Workers on non-Federal projects financed from the Emer
gency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 averaged 69 cents per hour.
The low average earning of 64 cents per hour reported for workers
engaged in building construction is due to the fact that most work of
this type was being performed in States where low rates of wages
prevail.
During October a decline was reported in the number of workers
employed on Federal Public Works Administration projects by all geo
graphic divisions. (See table 10.) The most pronounced decrease
occurred in the East North Central and West North Central States.
On non-Federal proj ects financed under the National Industrial Recov
ery Act, however, three geographic divisions showed increased employ
ment but other regions registered declines. Work on non-Federal
construction projects financed by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935 was under way in five geographic divisions. The West
North Central States accounted for nearly half of the total employ
ment registered. Considering all Federal and non-Federal construc
tion projects as a whole, the Middle Atlantic States had the greatest
number of employees.
23
Table 10.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from
Public Works Funds, October 1935, by Geographic Divisions
[Subject to revision]
Number of wage
eari lers
Geographic division
M axi
mum
number
em
ployed 1
W eekly
average
of Average
Amount of Number
man-hours earnings
pay rolls
worked
per hour
Value of
orders
placed for
materials
Federal projects financed from N . I. R . A . funds
All divisions..................................... . .
180,519
19,818,862
$0.661
2 $18,706,563
N ew England................................. .
M iddle Atlantic....................... ..........
East North Central...........................
West North Central..........................
South Atlantic....................................
11,108
22,104
23,877
20,631
32,661
172,597 $13,099,416
10,754
21,380
22,458
19,804
31,220
1,077,599
2,122,449
1,497,769
933,148
2,472,379
1,557,304
2,811,550
2,095, 504
1,628,050
3,767,805
.692
.755
.715
.573
.656
1,013,778
1,747,545
1,415,735
663,866
2,560,845
East South Central............................
W est South Central_____ _________
M ountain...................... ......................
Pacific___________ ________ _______
Outside continental United States..
24,928
15,902
15,482
11,090
2,736
23,546
15,627
14,728
10,583
2, 497
1,634,488
557,216
1,505,528
1,161,212
137,628
2,846,714
1,265,964
2,135,968
1,417,677
292,326
.574
.440
.705
.819
.471
246,533
142,430
1,398,773
1,712,666
204,392
Non-Federal projects financed from N . I. R . A. funds
124,305
102,948
$8,325,317
10,141,220
$0.821
$15,329,672
New England......................................
M iddle A tlantic..................................
East North Central______ ________
W est North Central..........................
South Atlantic______ _____ _______ _
9,236
27,828
20, 746
19,470
10,768
7,685
23,366
17,181
16,187
8,934
610,018
2,285,106
1,348,388
1,235,903
570,500
772,754
2,448,329
1,517,372
1,614,816
856,360
.789
.933
.889
.765
.666
1,349,520
3,787,719
2,726,893
2,233,300
1,177,078
East South Central______ ________
W est South Central_______________
M ountain_______ _________________
Pacific____________________________
Outside continental United States—
5,177
10,718
5,485
14,422
455
4,122
8,637
4,669
11,806
361
236,456
509,485
426,473
1,077,836
25,152
362,483
828,696
521,895
1,182,298
36,217
.652
.615
.817
.912
.694
498,292
1,238,229
567,966
1,704,626
46,049
All divisions................................... .
Non-Federal projects financed from E. R . A. A. funds
All divisions........................ ...............
1,184
979
$54,380
78,928
$0. 689
$159,568
M iddle Atlantic..................................
East North Central____ ___________
West North Central------- --------------South Atlantic............................ .........
Mountain---------------------------------------
187
205
556
190
46
159
171
455
157
37
8,261
12,662
24,353
5,671
3,433
8,545
12,682
40,832
12, 586
4,283
.967
.998
.596
.451
.802
3,448
5,740
87, 236
59,939
3,205
1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-roads projects.
2 Includes $7,600,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be
charged to any specific geographic division.
Average hourly earnings on Federal projects were highest in the
Pacific States and lowest in the West South Central States. On nonFederal projects financed under the National Industrial Recovery
Act, the highest average earnings per hour were paid in the Middle
Atlantic States and the lowest in the West South Central States. The
East North Central States registered the highest average hourly earn
24
ings on non-Federal projects financed from the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935 and the South Atlantic States the lowest.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during October
1935 in railway-car and locomotive shops on projects financed from
loans made by the Public Works Administration are shown in table 11,
by geographic divisions.
Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway-Car and Locomotive Shops
on Work Financed from Public Works Administration Funds, October 1935
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of wage
earners
Geographic division
Maximum
Semi
m onthly
number
em p loy ed 1 average
Total, railroad and commercial
shops........................................... .
2,624
(2)
ber of
Am ount of Num
man-hours
pay rolls
worked
$213,326
319,341
Average
earnings
per hour
$0.668
Value of
material
orders
placed
(2)
Railroad shops
A ll divisions.....................................
1,824
1,808
$105,991
153,317
$0.691
$413,050
N ew E n gla n d .................................
M iddle Atlantic...........- ..............-East N orth C e n tra l-.--.................
East South C e n tr a l-................... -
420
758
200
446
420
742
200
446
40,926
46,523
5, 540
13,002
56,986
68,195
8, 201
19,935
.718
.682
.676
.652
9,717
163,443
73,406
166,484
Commercial shops
A ll divisions.....................................
800
(2)
$107,335
166,024
$0.647
(2)
M iddle A tlantic...............................
East N orth Central.........................
W est North Central.......................
South A tlantic.............................
West South Central.......................
59
538
18
140
45
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6, 525
82,637
3,419
11,003
3, 751
9,848
121,029
6,081
21,299
7, 767
.663
.683
.562
.517
.483
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1 M axim um number employed during either semim onthly period by each shop.
2 Data not available.
Compared with September, there was a decrease of more than 50
percent in the number of wage earners engaged in the construction
and repair of locomotives and passenger and freight cars financed from
funds loaned by the Public Works Administration under the National
Industrial Recovery Act.
Monthly Trend
E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked at the site of
Public Works Administration construction projects from the begin
ning of the program in July 1933 to October 1935 are shown in
table 12.
25
Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to October 1935, Inclusive,
on Projects Financed from Public-Works Funds
[Subject to revision]
Maximum
number
of wage
earners 1
Amount of
pay rolls
Number of
man-hours
worked
$559, 555,415
908,678,434
267
4, 719
39,535
146, 747
255,512
300, 758
26,433
131,937
1,784,996
6,353,835
11,552,547
13,091,587
35, 217
206,990
3,296,162
12,029, 751
21, 759,245
24,391,546
.751
.637
.542
.528
.531
.537
(2)
2 202,100
1,628, 537
3 23, 351,150
24, 568,577
25, 702, 750
1934
January_____________________________
February------------------------------------------M arch----------------------------------------------A pril------- ------------------------------------------M a y _________________________________
Ju n e.-------------------------------- ----------------
298,069
311,381
307, 274
382,220
506,056
6,10, 752
12,646,241
14,348,094
14,113,247
18,785,405
25,942,387
33,808,429
23,409,908
26,544,346
25, 501,446
32, 937,649
46,052, 698
59,873,309
.540
.541
.553
.570
.563
.565
24,206,352
25, 269, 537
4 69, 766, 559
4 68,526,223
4 50,468,427
4 60,797,939
July_________________________________
A ugust------- ------- ---------------- --------------S eptem b er__________________________
October 8_ ----------------- ---------- -----------Novem ber 5________ _________________
December 5_________ ____ _______ . . .
644, 729
629,907
575,655
527,883
503,985
410, 236
34,845,461
36,480,027
32, 758,795
30,263, 279
30, 664,356
23, 655,422
60,736,768
61,925,300
53,427,096
47,910,342
49,004,023
36, 238, 781
.574
.589
.613
.632
.625
.653
4 53,377,997
4 54,192,443
4 50,878,000
4 51, 756,945
55,044,382
4 45, 766, 286
1935
January------- ------------- -----------------------February______ _____________________
M arch______________ ________________
A pril___________________________ _ . . .
M ^ y---------------------------------- ------------- —
304, 723
272, 273
281,461
333,045
394,875
18,462, 677
16,896,475
17,400, 798
20,939,741
24,490,087
27,478,022
25,144,558
*'6,008,063
31,387,712
36,763,164
.672
.672
.669
.667
.667
4 30,746,857
29,264,484
27,276,566
31,645,166
4 36, 893,840
June_____ ___________________________
J uly....................... ............ .......... ............
A ugust_____________________ ______ _
September........... ............ ......................
October........................................ ..............
414,306
405,332
394,509
344,520
308, 632
25,386,962
24,968, 785
25,292,656
22,772,317
21,692,439
38,800,178
37.845,047
37,133,989
32,478,773
30,358, 351
.654
.660
.681
.701
.715
4 42,017, 642
41,936,424
5 46,954,714
4 6 40, 988,896
34, 608,853
Year and month
July 1933 to October 1935, inclusive
1933
July_______________________ _______
August______________________________
September-----------------------------------------October__________ . . . ---------------------N ovem ber__________ ________________
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of ma
terial orders
placed
$0.616 $1,047,837,646
i M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-roads projects.
3 Orders placed for materials during July and August 1933, with exception of public-roads projects included
in October 1933.
3 Includes orders for materials placed for naval vessels prior to October 1933.
4 Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment.
4 Revised.
In the aggregate, more than $555,000,000 has been paid in wages
to workers employed at the sites of Public Works Administration
construction projects. The hourly wage has averaged 62 cents.
Since the beginning of the program in July 1933, orders for materials
valued at more than $1,045,000,000 have been placed for these con
struction projects.
T h e Works Program
D u r in g the month of October 1 there were 632,000 workers em
ployed at the site of the construction projects under The Works
Program. This is an increase of nearly 300,000, compared with the
previous month.
* When the month of October is referred to in this study it may be accepted as meaning the month ending
Oct. 15.
26
A detailed record, by type of project, of employment, pay rolls*
and man-hours worked on projects financed by The Works Program
in October, is given in table 13.
Table 13.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works^
Program, October 1935
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of wage
earners
Typ e of project
Maximum W eekly
number
employed 1 average
Am ount of
pay rolls
N um ber
of manhours
worked
A ver
age
earn
ings per
hour
Value o
material
orders
placed
Federal projects
129,064 119, 609
$6,243,023 13, 669, 524
$0,457
$9,723, 568
Building construction........... . ............ —
Electrification............................................. .
Forestry.......... - .......................................... .
Grade-crossing elimination...................... .
H eavy engineering.-------------------- ---------Plant, crop, and livestock conservation.
19,456
177
20,016
1,321
62
20,989
17, 758
168
19,186
1,116
52
19,141
956,918
5, 755
968,117
41,492
1, 768
959,094
1,951,643
14, 566
2,320, 776
107, 696
2, 662
2,676,319
.490
.395
.417
.385
.664
.358
1,120,958
52,864
(2)
107,996
3,382
244,26fi
Professional, technical, and clerical.........
Public roads............................................. .
Reclam ation__________ ______ _________
River, harbor, and flood control-----------Streets and roads........................................
W ater and sewerage......................- ..........
Miscellaneous.................. ...........................
4,867
7, 766
20, 717
22,404
6,181
693
4,415
4,867
6,686
20,495
19,861
5, 631
686
3,962
354,186
270,828
768,043
1,416,827
280,061
30,740
189,194
597,494
650, 790
1,476,968
2, 608,199
721,871
83,392
457,148
.593
.416
.520
.543
.388
.369
.414
95,597
294,297
4,818,864
2,353,620
222,995
23,691
385,039
All projects................................................ .
Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
All projects....................... ...........................
3 602, 876
$23, 204. 765 50,376, 656
Highway, road, and street— ....................
Public building...........................................
H ousing..--------- ----------------------------------Recreational facilities 5----------- -------------Conservation__________________________
P ublicly owned or operated utilities «....
197,919
49, 513
2, 936
101,174
23,339
32,290
7,137,911 18,452, 613
3,259, 655 5, 564,860
346,110
216, 346
5. 215, 251 10,150,117
681,257 1,937,914
1, 517, 580 3,312,919
.387
.586
.625
.514
.352
.458
2, 752, 692
1,020, 736
2,916
2,141,870
540,107
790,454
Rural electrification and electric utilities.
Transportation........... .......... . ....................
Professional, technical, and clerical.........
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc...... ........
Sanitation and health............... ............. .
N ot elsewhere classified.............................
601
9,930
33, 742
8, 692
31,602
12,180
27, 269
438,498
2, 762,853
276,997
1, 260, 682
410,466
.541
.435
.663
.344
.366
.362
4, 689
270,966
143, 648
49,632
47,488
184,773
50,386
1,008,125
4,169, 580
806,076
3,445,465
1,132,491
1.461 *$7,949,971
i Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Governm ent
agency doing force-account work.
* Data not reported.
* This total differs from the sum of individual items since 942 employees worked on more than 1 typ e
of project.
* Value of material orders placed during the month ending Oct. 31, 1935.
* Exclusive of buildings.
6 Exclusive of electric utilities.
There was a pickup of nearly 60,000 in the number of workers
employed on Federal projects during this month. The increase was
spread over all types of work, the largest gain being in river, harbor,
and flood-control work. The data for miscellaneous Federal projects
are not comparable, as the classification “ Plant, crop, and livestock
.conservation” is shown for the first time in October. The employees
who were working on this type of project in September were included
under “ Miscellaneous. ”
27
There were Increases also in all types of projects operated by the
Works Progress Administration, the most pronounced gain being in
highway, road, and street work. On Federal-operated projects the
Mghest earnings per hour were shown by employees on heavy engineer
ing work. On work operated by the Works Progress Administration
highest hourly earnings were registered by professional, technical, and
clerical projects. It will be noted that the ratio of material expendi
tures to pay rolls was much larger on Federal projects than on
projects financed by the Works Progress Administration.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed
by The Works Program during October are shown in table 14, by
geographic divisions.
Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program, October 1935
[Subject to revision]
N um ber of wage
earners
Geographic division
ber of
Amount of Num
man-hours
pay rolls
M axim um W eekly
worked
number
averemployed 1
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
Federal projects
A ll divisions 2................. .............. ............ .
$6, 243,023
13, 669, 524
$0. 457
$9, 723,568
N ew England________ ________________
M id d le A tlantic______________________
East North Central____ _______________
W est North Central___________________
South A tlantic________________ ________
129,064 119, 609
6,540
20, 288
16,670
12, 748
24, 474
5, 724
19, 019
15,017
11, 699
22,909
344, 744
1,190, 483
806,641
599, 090
882,995
757,347
2, 263, 035
1, 766, 498
1, 329, 770
2,406, 099
.455
.526
.457
.451
.367
171, 717
1, 282, 588
499,524
755,081
870, 664
East South Central____________________
W est South Central................ .................
M ou n tain _________ ____________________
Pacific________________________________
Outside continental United States.........
4,769
7,112
18,845
16,829
744
4,330
6,734
17,863
15, 651
618
146, 077
188, 572
969, 708
1, 052,806
57,983
429,380
599,603
2,015,094
2,009,041
89, 575
.340
.314
.481
.524
.647
55,417
147,832
212, 090
4,930,120
57,629
Projects operated by Works
A ll divisions..............
502,876
N ew E ngland______
M id d le A tlantic____
East N orth CentralW est N orth Central
■South A tlantic_____
7, 635
225,939
126, 067
15,795
45,263
East South Central.
W est South Central.
M ou ntain __________
P acific_____________
39,269
33, 371
7,404
2,133
$23,204, 765
Administration
50, 376,656
239,850
610, 528
14, 786,448 <25,094, 017
4,908, 307 11,411,613
428,136
1,010,491
1,034, 389
4,410,481
857,466
677,946
207,916
64, 307
4,113,812
3,006,427
582,321
136,966
$0.461 3$7,949,971
.589
.430
.424
.235
.225
.357
.470
1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes data for 45 wage earners and material orders placed, valued at $740,906 for which a distribution
b y geographic division is not available.
3 D ata not available b y geographic division for value of material orders placed during the month ending
Oct. 31, 1935.
* Includes hours credited for time lost due to interruptions in projects beyond the control of the workers.
Increases in employment were shown in all geographic divisions on
both Federal projects and projects operated by the Works Progress
28
Administration. More than 40 percent of the employees under the
jurisdiction of the Works Progress Administration were located in the
Middle Atlantic States. By far the larger part of these are in New
York City.
Monthly Trend
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed
from The Works Program from the inception of the work in July
1935 to October 1935 are given in table 15.
Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July to October 1935, Inclusive, on
Projects Financed by The Works Program
[Subject to revision]
Maximum
Num ber of Average
number of Am ount of man-hours earnings
per
wage earn pay rolls
worked
hour
ers 1
M onth and year
Value of
material
orders
placed
Federal projects
July to October 1935, inclusive_________________
July____________ ___________ ___________________
August _________ ______________________________
Septem ber._____ _______________________________
O ctob er.._____ _________________ _______ ________
5,131
32, 672
76, 524
129,064
$11,490,625
24, 880, 439
276,839
1, 215,990
3, 754,773
6, 243, 023
603, 318
2, 791,802
7,815,795
13, 669, 524
$0. 462 $15, 643, 864
.456
.436
.480
.457
164, 004
1, 684, 347
4, 071.945
9, 723, 568
Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
August to October 1935, inclusive______________
August _________ _____ _____ __________________
September________________________________ ____
October____ __________________________________
113,299
259,315
502, 876
$38,224,668
80, 872,157
3, 291, 324
11, 728, 579
23, 204, 765
5, 977, 766
24, 517, 735
50, 376.656
$0. 473 $13, 241, 431
. 551
.478
.461
3, 202,136
2, 089, 324
7,949,971
1 Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing lorce-account w ork.
Pay rolls on this program amounted to approximately $50,000,000
and expenditures for materials to nearly $30,000,000. Nearly
110,000,000 man-hours of work have been provided at the site of
these projects. Earnings have averaged approximately 47 cents per
hour.
Emergency^Work Program
T h e curtailment of Federal relief activities is reflected in the
employment figures of the emergency-work program for the week
ending October 31. Compared with the week ending September 26,
employment during the last week of October declined by approxi
mately 211,000. Pay rolls decreased 36 percent, dropping from more
than $5,230,000 for the week ending September 26 to less than
$3,360,000 for the week ending October 31. (See table 16.)
29
Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work
Program, Weeks Ending Sept. 26 and Oct. 31, 1935
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees, week
ending—
Am ount of pay roll, week
ending—
Geographic division
Oct. 31
Sept. 26
Oct. 31
Sept. 26
All divisions..............
371,215
581,966
3,358,849
$5,231,103
New England______
M iddle Atlantic____
East North Central.
W est North Central.
South Atlantic_____
113,468
59,301
11,926
32,924
70,118
130, 615
69,668
42,910
40,282
101,356
1, 337,169
754,994
132,678
198, 716
402,139
1,651,651
940,425
505,224
270,785
582,050
East South Central.
West South Central.
M o u n ta in ................
Pacific....... ............... .
16,395
51,891
7,116
8,076
56, 701
97,916
29,816
12, 702
74,905
270, 201
73,619
114,428
282,828
539,055
281,195
177,890
All nine geographic divisions showed losses in the number of work
ers employed. More than two-fifths of the total decrease was
accounted for by the West South Central and East South Central
States. The Pacific States with 4,626 fewer workers for the week
ending October 31 showed the smallest loss in employment.
The monthly record of the number of employed and pay-roll dis
bursements of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration from the
beginning of the program through October 1935 is given in table 17.
Table 17.- -Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work
Program, April 1934 to October 1935
M onth
Number of
employees
Amount of
pay roll
1934
A pril___________________ i 1,089, 762
M a y _____________ _____ i 1, 362,014
1, 504,838
June __________________
i $38,416, 747
i 42, 669, 240
42,423, 574
i 1, 725, 466
i 1,924,066
i 1, 950,108
i 1,996,822
i 2,159,038
i 2,324, 894
i 47,352,424
i 54,914, 792
i 50, 288,868
i 53,901,325
i 62,833,046
i 62, 335,691
July____________________
August_________________
September_____________
October________________
N ovem ber_____________
December. ............. ..........
M onth
Number of
employees
Amount of
pay roll
1935
January____________ _ _ 2,472,091
F e b r u a r y __ ___________ i 2,459,730
March ________________
2,402,018
April______ ____________ 2,308, 838
M a y _____________ ____ i 2, 228, 546
June___________________
2,021,060
$71,683, 578
63, 621, 526
62, 865,956
62,344, 399
64, 559, 740
i 54, 382,876
July________________
August____ ____ _______
September_____________
October_____ ____ _____
i 53,136,833
38,977,577
i 21,147,711
17,630,711
i 1,928, 772
1,411, 350
i 883,968
664,639
i Revised.
The decline in employment and pay rolls on the emergency-work
program continued in October. According to preliminary figures the
estimated employment for the month was 644,639. This does not
mean, however, that during any given week this total was reached.
Because of the fact that a limit is placed on the earnings of employees,
not more than 70 percent of this number are working at any one time.
30
Emergency Conservation Work
E m p l o y m e n t in Civilian Conservation Camps increased in October.
Compared with the previous month, there was a gain of more than
16,000 in the number of workers employed. (See table 18.) Pay-roll
disbursements for October were $24,831,000. The enrolled-personnel
and educational-adviser group registered employment and pay-roll
gains but small losses occurred in the reserve-officer and supervisory
and technical groups.
Table 18.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work,
September and October 1935
Num ber of employees
Am ount of pay rolls
Group
October
Allf groups.................................................................
E nrolled personnel..................... ............................
Reserve officers................ ............ ...........................
Educational advisers 2. ........................... .............
Supervisory and technical3_________ __________
550,650
480,145
9,754
2, 224
4 58, 527
September
534,057
460,143
10,552
2,190
8 61,172
October
$24,830,752
14,994,927
2,448,401
380,259
4 7,007,165
September
1 $24,404,708
14,370,261
2,651,734
1 374,627
8 7,008,086
* Revised.
2 Included in executive service table.
3 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers.
4 44,755 employees and pay roll of $6,209,893 included in executive service table.
* 44,722 employees and pay roll of $5,815,421 included in executive service table.
The employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation
workers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the
War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of
Commerce, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the
Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed as
follows: 5 percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remaining 87
percent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are pro
vided with board, clothing, and medical services.
Construction Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation
E m p l o y m e n t and pay rolls on projects financed by the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation declined in October. These projects pro
vided employment for 9,192 workers in October as compared with
9,301 employees in September. Pay-roll disbursements of $953,000
were $4.,000 less than in September.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration during October are given in table 19, by type of project.
31
Table 19.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Recon
struction Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, October 1935
[Subject to revision]
T yp e of project
N um ber of Amount of Number of
wage
man-hours
pay rolls
earners
worked
All projects__________________ _________
9,192
Bridges____ ________ _____________________
.....................
Building
Railroad construction____________________
Reclamation_____________________________
Water and sewerage______________________
Miscellaneous____________________________
2,371
210,121
construction...............
473
23,931
45
2,920
96
6,991
589,935
5,136
1,071
118,892
$952,790
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
1,269,273
$0.751
$1,228,928
220,537
43,032
4,675
13,621
815,819
171, 589
.953
.556
.625
.513
.723
.693
344,921
24,690
738
5,333
786,324
66,952
Water and sewerage work, building construction, and railroad con
struction were the only types of projects to register increases in em
ployment in October. The total number of man-hours worked on all
projects was in excess of 1,269,000. Average earnings per hour
ranged from 95 cents paid on bridge construction to 51 cents for
reclamation projects.
The number of employees, the amounts of pay rolls, and man-hours
worked in construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation in October are shown in table 20, by geographic
divisions.
Table 20.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Recon
struction Finance Corporation, by Geographic Divisions, October 1935
[Subject to revision]
Geographic division
N umber of Amount of Number of
wage
man-hours
pay rolls
earners
worked
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
All divisions.............
9,192
$952,790
1,269, 273
$0. 751
$1, 228,928
M iddle Atlantic___
East North CentralW est North Central
15
253
19
1,250
21, 532
1,017
1,478
19, 783
2,292
.846
1.088
.444
6,017
33,529
East South CentralWest South Central.
M ou ntain. ...............
Pacific........................
45
148
96
8,616
2,920
20,471
6,991
898, 609
4, 675
23,690
13,621
1, 203, 734
.625
.864
.513
.747
738
3,423
5,303
1,179,918
The Pacific, East South Central, and West South Central States
were the only geographic divisions showing increased employment in
October. The Pacific States with 8,616 workers accounted for about
94 percent of the total employment. Average hourly earnings were
highest in the East North Central region and lowest in the West
North Central States.
32
Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental
Appropriations
A p r o n o u n c e d increase was registered in October in the number of
workers employed at the site of construction projects financed from
regular governmental appropriations. Compared with the previous
month, the gain in employment in October was in excess of 29 per
cent. Pay-roll disbursements totaled $4,193,000, an increase of
nearly $1,000,000 over the previous month.
Whenever a construction contract is awarded or force-account
work is started by a department or agency of the Federal Govern
ment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on
forms supplied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the con
tractor, the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be per
formed. Blanks are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or
Government agency doing the work. These reports are returned to
the Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts
disbursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project,
and the value of the different types of materials for which orders
were placed during the month.
The following tables present data concerning construction projects
on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not
have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to
that date.
Detailed statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
in October on construction projects financed from direct appropria
tions made to the various Federal departments and agencies are
shown in table 21, by type of project.
Table 21.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, October 1935
Num ber of wage
earners
T yp e of project
Maximum
W eekly
number
em p loyed 1 average
All projects...............................................
2 59,091
Building construction......................... .
N aval v e s s e l s ____ _____ _________
Public roa d s«_................................ .......
Reclam ation____ ___________________
6,901
8,329
(*)
518
River, harbor, and flood control_____
Streets and roads........................ ..........
W ater and sewerage_________________
Miscellaneous—_________ ____________
10,428
2, 612
41
1, 487
Number of Average
Am ount of m
an-hours earnings
pay rolls
worked
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
56,383 $4,193,129
6,716,798
5,575
8,135
28,775
422
420,428
1, 076, 034
1, 710,020
34, 839
542,174
1,285,745
2,887,951
64, 588
.775
.837
.592
.539
853,641
2,172,480
3,252, 616
29,813
9,750
2,409
39
1, 278
760,397
116,982
4,567
69,862
1, 554, 658
263,472
4,690
113, 520
.489
.444
.974
.615
641, 443
78,198
888
152,076
$0. 624 $7,181,155
1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and governmental
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
4 N ot available; average number included in total.
33
Increases in employment occurred in four of the various types of
projects in October. Public-road work with 14,897 more workers
employed in October than in September had the most pronounced
gain for the month. Losses in employment, on the other hand, were
shown on river, harbor, and flood-control work, street and road con
struction, and miscellaneous projects. Earnings per hour averaged
62 cents as compared with 63 cents in September.
Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in Oc
tober on construction projects financed from regular governmental
appropriations are given in table 22, by geographic divisions.
Table 22*— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Geographic Divisions, October 1935
[Subject to revision]
Number of wage
earners
Geographic division
M axim um W eekly
number
employed 1 average
Amount
of pay
rolls
Number
of manhours
worked
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
A ll divisions________________________
59,091
56,383 $4,193,129
6, 716, 798
$0.624
2 $7,181,155
N ew England_______________________
M iddle A tlantic_____________________
East North Central____ _____________
West North Central_________________
South A tla n t ic ......................................
5,481
6,487
7,706
10, 788
6,371
5,330
5,939
7,217
10,472
5,916
455,868
578,894
382, 457
526,450
609, 668
634,314
758,251
636,974
976,492
845, 724
.719
.763
.600
.539
.721
972,012
994,755
144,215
194,309
646,839
East South Central__________________
West South Central______ ___________
M ountain___ ________________________
Pacific ___________ ____ ____________
Outside continental United States.. .
3,737
5, 650
6,841
5, 463
567
3, 605
5,301
6,742
5, 364
497
207,316
362,909
542,175
488,141
39, 251
530,329
763,808
845, 727
653,142
72,037
.391
.475
.641
.747
.545
136,915
365, 679
71,910
367, 781
34,124
-------- * 1 Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
Includes $3,252,616 estimated value of orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be charged
to .any specific geographic division.
Seven of the nine geographic divisions and the areas outside con
tinental United States showed gains in employment in October. The
West North Central States with 5,143 more workers employed in
October had the most marked gain. Two regions, the South Atlantic
and the West South Central, had fewer workers employed in October
than in the previous month. The range in average hourly earnings
was from 76 cents in the Middle Atlantic region to 39 cents in the
East South Central region.
Material Orders Placed
T
he value of materials for which orders have been placed on various
construction programs financed from Federal funds is given in
table 23.
34
Table 23.— Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed
by Federal Funds from the Beginning of the Programs to Oct. 15, 1935
Projects
T yp e of material
All materials............................
Textiles and their products..
Total
Public
Works
A dminis
tration
1,442,3
1,315,843
223,424
57,656
305, 603
232,578
176, 748
221,
57,
272,
151,
172,
Jute good s............. .................
Linoleum ........ .......... ........... .
Sacks and bags......... .............
U p h o lste rin g
m aterials,
n. e. c . . . ............... ...............
W aste.................... ...................
67,741
195,692
29,943
67,
191,
29,
125,
26,992
125,
25,
Cork p roducts........... .............
Creosote_________ ^_________
Lum ber and timber prod
ucts, n. e. c ........... ................
Planing-mill products........... .
W indow and door screens
and weatherstrip..................
The W orks Program
Regular
govern
mental 2
6 62,079,099
92,324
20,306
1,125
515
7,513
79, 239
4 447
15, 222
1,537
55, 298,984
1,070
156,
540,
2,500
52, 627, 780
6, 970, 507
47,930,
6, 572,
, 590,070
5, 500
1,660,186
268,004
1,447,108
124, 594
1,438,267
359,689
171,033
3,909
392
1,043
6,371
34,443
128, 784
99, 523
1,933,458
307
99, 216
1,074,876
334, 970
E xplosives..^.............
Paints and varnishes..
386,191
6,019, 223
3,302,138
301,165
4, 541, 616
2, 571,474
74,113
1,326,187
37, 967
4,542
116,977
234, 261
5 332, 775,468
307, 736,149
5, 683,264
i, 250, 784
See footnotes at end of table.
1, 574, 740 6 1,673,847
2,717
14
1,075,268
339, 922
Bolts, nuts, washers, etc____
Cast-iron pipe and fittings...
Doors, shutters, and window
sash and frames, molding
and trim (m etal)..................
Firearm s................ ............... .
Forgings, iron, and steel....... .
Hardware, miscellaneous____
329,652
329, 652
6,038, 719 6 5,066, 552
73,198
73,118
17, 517, 283
147,881,034
25, 214,779
42,810,415
1,164,880
203,170
16, 067,988
135, 247, 559
22,392, 235
40, 278, 661
L, 110,805
191,119
369, 572
2, 750, 350
1,842, 026
44,1
3,157
8,850
442, 489
3,383,413
399, 953
1,161,802
43, 731
1,247
122, 999
4,894,837
106, 467
170,907
7,187
1, 954
19,171,203
18,146,891
138,395
660,416
225, 501
119, 572
71,688,709
113,976
67,955, 534
517,449
5,
1,941,853
130
370, 938
2, 765, 688
2, 614, 425
6,857
59,286
85,120
3,749,305
3, 543, 838
1,740
151,128
« 303, 582,516
(*)
9,906
227
84
166,901
540, 541
Am m unition and related
products.............. ..................
Chemicals, miscellaneous___
Compressed and liquefied
Iron and steel and their prod
ucts, not including ma
chinery___________________
13,893
456
1,010
11,122, 742
Asbestos products, n. e. c ___
Brick, hollow tile, and other
clay products........................
C em ent_____________________
Concrete products................ .
Crushed stone..........................
Glass___________ ________ ___
Lim e____________ ________ _
Marble, granite, slate, and
other stone products............
Minerals and earths, ground
or otherwise treated.............
Sand and gravel.......................
Tiling, floor and wall, and
terrazzo.................................
W all plaster, wall board, in
sulating board, and floor
composition.......................... .
Operated
by
W . P. A.3
3,032
Chemicals and allied products..
Stone, clay, and glass products.
Federal
construc
tion
$1,165,789,414 $1,048,481,024 $45,227,263 $43,861,443 $14,978, 253 $13,241,431
Awnings, tents, canvas, e tc..
Carpets and rugs.................. .
Cordage and tw in e................
Cotton goods........... ................
Felt goods.................... ...........
Forest products.
Recon
struction
Finance
Corpora
tion i
80
258,181,321 26,038, 276 14, 275,1
3,340,498
23,069,073
3,187, 645
21, 545, 723
10, 629
486, 994
6,927,045
813,468
5,987,192
7, 472, 659
6.494, 516
813,468
o, 180,733
6,171, 565
12,821
853,038
112, 647
180, 212
9,138
902,935
52,5
2,614, 608 »2,473,143
29,577
163, 292
26, 509
736,292
304,2181
514, 235
604, 875
474,098
154,177
57,346
143,838
692,852
35
Table 23.— Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed
by Federal Funds from the Beginning of the Programs to Oct. 15, 1935— Con.
Projects
T yp e of material
Iron and steel—Continued
Heating
and
ventilating
equipment............... .............
Nails and spikes........................
Rail fastenings, excluding
spikes—...................................
Rails, steel.................. .............
Springs, steel............. ................
Steel-works and rolling-mill
products, n. e. c ........ ............
Stoves and ranges, other than
electric.....................................
Structural and reinforcing
steel_________________
Switches, railway___________
Tools, other than machine
tools_______ _______________
W ire products, n. e. c............ .
Wrought p i p e .........................
Nonferrous metals and their
products.......... ............ ..........
Aluminum manufactures____
Copper products.......................
Lead products........... .............
Nonferrous-metal alloys and
products, n. e. c__........ .........
Sheet-metal work.....................
Zinc products................... .........
Total
Public
Works
Adminis
tration
$80,746
$570,356
32,095
$147,332
34, 763
5,837,977
20, 215,512
611,849
5,834, 634
20,149,538
611, 849
46, 797
12,206
3,343
6,971
92,616, 639
67,892, 270 20,071,547
4,165,953
486,869
249
7, 251,494
663, 696
2,939
749,692
5, 227,942
5,953, 221
2, 586,592
95,974
1, 209, 724
148, 933
345, 318
18, 390
439,856
310,154
97,874
528,873
5, 551, 702
2,166,089
402,062
88,067
294,904
711,680 " 2,083,530
264, 275
1,021
23,633
106,441
3,500
14, 297
282
102,863, 615
724, 652
91,037,865
721, 713
6,441,078
7,818, 417
2, 7C2,856
8, 207,920
197,119, 617
5,152,168 12,849,700
1,993,350
6367,678
194,849
48,086,476
1,388,447
2,175,358
158,356
1, 584,727
4,546
210,499
11,383
21,479, 595
16,609, 793
4,648,690
221,112
119,356,098
109,331,581
3, 717,280
4,693,053
1,463,859
6, 215, 694
6,058,259
1,968
125,372
30,095
39,927
939,919
107,592
56,809
153
43,826
150,046
4*742
439
15,180
645,064
644, 264
13, 723,104
1,138,375
1,081,413
T ransportation e q u ip m e n tair, land, and water..............
80,964,767
86,600,735
5,764,705
5,086,400
5,764,705
5,086,400
1,396,105
31,787
1,376,183
31,348
11,818,333
6,840,076
11,818,333
6,837,076
274,395
527,754
9,246,003
36,646,466
274,395
519,017
8,924,069
36,646,466
429,443
8,893,300
429,443
8,893,300
4,616
68,870
2
1,811,155
14,810, 542
(4)
111, 969
156, 519
81,538
52,003,486
M achine tools............................
Meters (gas, water, etc.) and
gas generators ____________.
Pumps and pumping equip
ment_________________ _____
Refrigerators and refrigerat
ing and ice-making appa
ratus
__ _ _______________
See footnotes at end of table.
$74,898
3,160,868
371,142
318, 537
2 ,915,948
269,078
Operated
by
W . P. A.3
172
371, 563
Machinery,
not
including
transportation equipm en t.. * 217,482, 513
Motorcycles and parts
M otor vehicles, passenger___
M otor vehicles, trucks____- __
Hailway cars, freight...............
Railway cars, mail and ex
press
_____
...
Railway cars, passenger
Federal
construc
tion
$13,322,969
1,077,936
1,360, 740
2,862,253
57,850
Aircraft (n e w )--.
- __ _____
Airplane parts
__
Boats, steel and wooden
____
(small)
. . . __
Carriages and wagons
Locomotives, other than
steam
Locom otives, s te a m __ __ _
The W orks Program
Regular
govern
mental 2
$14,196,301
1,144, 794
1, 477,325
3,169,180
57,852
Electrical machinery, appa
ratus, and supplies...............
Elevators and elevator equip
m ent______________________
Engines, turbines, tractors,
and water wheels____ ______
Foundry and machine-shop
products, n. e. c ___________
Recon
struction
Finance
Corpora
tion 1
150,325
800
144,654
15,506
3,000
144,654
688
37,957
---------
8,049
123,817
15,506
= = = = =
36
Table 23.—Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed
by Federal Funds from the Beginning of the Programs to Oct. 15,1935— Con.
Projects
Type of material
Total
Public
Works
Adminis
tration
Recon
struction
Finance
Corpora
tion i
T he W orks Program
Regular
govern
mental 2
Federal
construc
tion
Operated
by
W . P. A.3
Miscellaneous................................ $142,142,023 $127,852,572 $2,914,151 $5,726,450 $2,.333,797 $3,315,053Belting, miscellaneous.............
C oal__.........................................
Electric wiring and fixtures..
Furniture, including store
and office fixtures........ .........
Instruments, professional and
scientific..................................
34,289
2,036,527
9,946,853
34,05a
1,668,459
9,094,951
52,742
25,513
3,990,041
3,948,675
1,780
21,207
18,379
1,917,255
1,871,694
33,280
12,281
185
291
493
461
33,794
661,632
474,831
1,935,108
152,702
433,057
248,570
4,678
428,306
4,516
72,181
210,487
5,218
21,664
193, 504
46,429
132,050
25,311
67,437
30,157
11,699
1,617,814
1,716
1,106,925
Mattresses and bed springs __
M odels and patterns...............
Paper p rod u cts........................
Paving materials and mix
tures, n. e. c ...........................
Petroleum products____ _____
74, 958
24,920
75,400
74,482
24,427
74,871
19,1 9a :
36,270,074
16,664,270
32,909,601
Photographic apparatus and
materials.................................
Plum bing supplies, n. e. c___
Radio apparatus and supplies
Roofing materials, n. e. c........
Rubber goods............. .............
217,241
12,308,305
975,152
4,082,337
597, 901
190,899
11,362,521
928,723
3,735,284
495,191
1,151, 111
1,041, 818
46,421
171,524
49, 030,854
46,421
169,808
43,516,424
Steam and other packing,
pipe and boiler covering,
and gaskets-----------------------Theatrical scenery and stage
eq u ip m en t............................
W indow shades and fixtures. .
Other materials.........................
210
277,526
687,380
26
37,800
139,009
1,865,263
330,681
75,404
1,043, 70&
1 Value of orders placed for materials on projects financed from Reconstruction Finance Corporation
loans from Mar. 15, 1934, to Oct. 15, 1935.
3 Value of orders placed for materials on projects financed from regular governmental appropriations
from July 1, 1934, to Oct. 15, 1935.
3 Value of orders placed for materials from beginning of program to Oct. 31, 1935.
4 Included in “ Other materials.”
« Includes materials for projects operated b y the W orks Progress Administration which are not classified
in detail.
6 Includes materials in this group which are not classified in detail.
Since the beginning of the Public Works Administration program
orders have been placed for materials valued at over $1,000,000,000.
Of this amount, $258,000,000 have been spent for iron and steel
products, $135,000,000 for cement, $55,000,000 for forest products,
and $197,000,000 for machinery.
On The Works Program which has been under way since July orders
have been placed for nearly $30,000,000 worth of material. The fore
going tables have shown data concerning labor at the site of construc
tion projects financed from Federal funds. The manufacture of the
materials for which orders have been placed for use on these projects
also creates a large amount of employment.
It is estimated that in fabricating the materials enumerated in the
foregoing table approximately 3,800,000 man-months of labor have
been or will be created. This accounts only for labor required in the
fabrication of material in the form in which it is to be used. No
37
estimate is made of the labor required in producing the raw material
or in transporting it to the point of manufacture— for example, in
manufacturing structural steel the only labor counted is that occurring
in the fabricating mills. No estimate is made for the labor created
in mining, smelting, and transporting the ore; nor for the labor in the
blast furnaces, the open-hearth furnaces, or the blooming mills.
In obtaining information concerning man-months of labor created
in fabricating materials, each firm receiving an award for materials
to be financed from Federal or State funds is sent a questionnaire.
It is requested that the manufacturer estimate the number of manhours created in his plant in manufacturing the materials specified
in the contract. For materials purchased directly by contractors*
the Bureau estimates the man-months of labor created. This esti
mate is made by using the experience of manufacturing plants as
shown by the Census of Manufacturers, 1933.
The value of material orders placed for use on Federal professional*
technical, and clerical projects financed by The Works Program, by
type of material, from the beginning of the program to October 15*
1935, is shown below. These figures are subject to revision.
Value oj material
orders placed
C om puting m achin es___________________________________________
$19, 542
F urniture_________________________________________________________
98, 357
Office supplies____________________________________________________
37, 766
Stationery________________________________________________________
37, 009
Typew riters______________________________________________________
22, 637
Other office m achines___________________________________________
4, 510
Other m aterials__________________________________________________
5, 199
R ental of m achinery and equ ip m en t_________________________
6, 815
All m aterials_____________________________________________
231, 835
Furniture accounted for the largest expenditure of money on pro
fessional, technical, and clerical projects, followed in order by office
supplies and stationery.
A summary of the man-months of employment created in fabri
cating materials under the various programs is shown in table 24.
T ab le 2 4 .— N um ber o f M a n -M o n th s o f Labor Created in Fabrication of M aterial
Purchased from Federal Funds
Number of man-months—
Program
T otal______________________ ______ _________________________
Public Works Administration___ ____________________________
Reconstruction Finance Corporation______________
______
Regular governmental___________________________
_____ __
The Works Program:
Federal c o n stru c tio n .____ ______________________________
Federal professional, technical, and clerical. ____________
Operated b y Works Progress Administration____ _
1 For period beginning Mar. 15, 1934.
2 For period beginning July 1, 1934.
From be
ginning of
program to
Oct. 15, 1935
From be
ginning of
program to
Sept. 15,1935
3, 792,117
3, 595,407
3,424, 326
1 136,065
2 137, 531
3, a il, 160
1 131,817
2 115, 480
196,710
113,166
4, 248
22,051
47,092
921
46,182
18, 790
540
17, 620
28,302
381
28, 562;
M onth end
ing Oct. 15,
1935
38
State-Road Projects
E m p l o y m e n t and pay-roll disbursements for the construction and
maintenance of State roads declined in October. Compared with the
previous month, employment decreased 0.1 percent on new road con
struction and by 5.7 percent on maintenance work. Of the 187,700
workers employed during the month, 21.5 percent were engaged in
the construction of new roads and 78.5 percent in maintenance work.
Details concerning employment and pay rolls in building and main
taining State roads in September and October are given in table 25,
by geographic divisions.
Table 25.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads, by
Geographic Divisions, September and October 1935 1
New roads
Geographic division
N um ber of
employees
Octo
ber
A ll divisions....................... 40,390
Sep
tember
Maintenance
Am ount of pay roll
October
Septem
ber
N um ber of
employees
Octo
ber
Sep
tember
A m ount of pay roll
October
Septem
ber
40,431 $1,811, 278 $1,840,666 147,324 156,187 $6,339,021 2$6,565,166
N ew England....................
M iddle A tlantic________
East N orth Central.........
W est North Central____
South Atlantic---------------
14,943
1,831
4,815
3,704
8, 372
15, 037
1, 561
6,939
2,195
6,874
683, 369
129,819
275, 651
151,436
1T)0,168
658,808
116, 599
416, 248
103, 050
122,894
6,189
33, 291
24, 493
19, 244
27, 465
10,174
34, 732
23, 668
21, 898
29,113
377,360
1,151, 244
1, 048, 017
712,887
1, 051, 993
615,517
1,080, 608
1,129, 250
875, 625
933,502
East South Central..........
W est South Central.........
M ountain......................... .
Pacific................... ............
Outside c o n t i n e n t a l
United States.................
1,995
1,885
901
1,944
2,176
2,288
1, 371
1,990
90, 377
78, 417
68, 214
143,827
85,014
86,000
103, 420
148, 633
11,504
13,479
6, 251
5,221
9,944
13,774
7. 542
5,187
449,142
653,827
440,957
439, 368
333, 625
668, 267
484, 576
434,913
187
155
14, 226
2 9, 283
» Excluding employm ent furnished b y projects financed from public-works funds.
2 Revised.
Compared with the previous month, 6 of the 9 geographic divisions
showed decreases in the number of workers employed on new road
construction in October. The East North Central States with a loss
of 2,124 workers had the greatest drop during the month. New
England with 14,943 workers had the greatest number of employees
of any of the geographic divisions.
In maintenance work losses in employment occurred in all but
three of the geographic divisions. The area outside continental
United States, however, registered a gain. The New England States
with 3,985 fewer workers, had the most pronounced loss and the East
South Central States with 1,560 more employees registered the
greatest gain for the month.
O
@FedFRASER