Full text of Employment and Payrolls : November 1935
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Serial No. R . 328 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner Employment and Pay Rolls (Formerly “ Trend of Employment” ) + November 1935 ♦ Prepared by Division of Employment Statistics Lew is E. T a l b e r t , Chief and Division of Construction and Public Employment H e rm a n B. B yer, C hief UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1936 C O N TEN TS Page Summary of developments in November__________________________________ Part I— Private employment: Manufacturing industries: Employment, pay rolls, and earnings in November 1935 in manufacturing industries______________________________________ Revised per capita weekly earnings, average hourly earnings, and average hours______________________________________________ Indexes and estimates of factory employment and pay rolls, January 1934 to November 1935______________________________ Trade, public utility, mining, service industries, and building con struction: Employment, pay rolls, and earnings in November 1935 in nonmanufacturing industries___________________________________ Indexes of employment and pay rolls in trade, public utility, mining, service industries, and building construction, January 1934 to November 1935________________________________________ Employment on class I railroads______________________________________ Trend of employment by States______________________________________ Employment and pay rolls in principal cities_________________________ Part II— Public employment______________________________________________ Executive service of the Federal Government________________________ Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration_____ Monthly trend___________________________________________________ The Works Program_______________________________________________ Monthly trend____________________________________________________ Emergency work program_____________________________________________ Emergency conservation woik________________________________________ Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor< poration_____________________________________________________________ Construction projects financed from regular appropriations__________ Material orders placed________________________________________________ State-road projects____________________________________________________ (n ) 1 2 9 12 14 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 28 29 32 32 33 34 35 37 41 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Summary of Developments in November I NDUSTRIAL employment in November was slightly below the October level. The contraction, however, was decidedly less than seasonal. Reports from the xnanufacturing and nonmanufacturmg; industries regularly surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate a net reduction of approximately 16,000 in the number of workers employed, a decrease of 0.1 percent. In contrast with this* moderate decline, during the corresponding interval of last year' 87,000 workers lost their jobs in the industries canvassed and during* the same period of 1933 there was a decrease of almost 245,000 in the number of workers employed. Factory employment was especially well maintained in November,, the index for the month being within 0.4 percent of the October level. This is the smallest percentage decline reported for November of any year since 1925. The decline, moreover, was entirely due to slack ening in certain branches of the nondurable-goods industries,. Employment in the durable-goods industries continued to advance,, the index for November being 1,6 percent higher than in the preceding month. The most significant increase in factory employment was a gain of 10.1 percent in the automobile industry. Aggregate employment in# the nonmanufacturing industries for which information is available rose slightly in November, despite sharp reductions in the number of workers employed in anthracite mining, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, private building con struction, and dyeing and cleaning establishments. These losses,, however, were largely offset by a gain of approximately 37,000 in the number of workers employed in the general merchandising group of retail-trade establishments. Employment also increased in certain other branches of retail trade, in bituminous-coal mining, and in wholesale-trade establishments. On construction projects financed from funds made available by the^ Emergency Relief Act of 1935, employment increased sharply in. November. Employment also increased on construction projects fi nanced from appropriations made by Congress to the different Fed eral departments. On the other hand, the number of workers em ployed at the site of construction projects of the Public Works Ad~ (i): ministration declined by 37,500. Decreases were likewise reported in employment on the emergency-work program, in enrollments at Civilian Conservation Camps and in the number of workers employed on State-road projects. In the regular agencies of the Federal Government employment showed little change. Part I— Private Employment Manufacturing Industries Employment, pay rolls, and earnings in November 1935 in manufacturing industries F or November the index of factory employment stands at 84.9 and the index of pay rolls at 74.5 (1923-25 average equals 100). Compared with the previous month, the index of employment shows a decrease of 0.4 percent and the pay-roll index a decrease of 0.7 percent. Despite these recessions, approximately 675,000 more workers (10.4 percent) were employed by manufacturing industries in November 1935 than in the corresponding month of 1934 and weekly wage disbursements show a gain of $30,500,000 (25.2 percent) in comparison with a year ago. The decrease in comparison with October was by no means general. Gains were registered in 50 of the 90 manufacturing industries sur veyed and 6 of the 14 major groups into which the individual indus tries are classified. At the same time increased pay rolls were reported by 39 industries and 5 of the major groups. As in the pre ceding month, the transportation group, with 49,000 more workers in November than in October, showed the most substantial gain in employment. This increase was again due largely to a sharp increase (10.1 percent) in the automobile industry. Employment, however, also increased in each of the other industries included in the transportation-equipment group. Other major industry groups showing increased employment in November included iron and steel, machinery, railroad repair shops, nonferrous metals, and paper and printing. In the machinery group, employment increased for the fifth consecutive month, the number of workers added to pay rolls in November amounting to 6,200. The iron and steel and the nonferrous-metal groups each reported increases of 3,400 wage earners. The advance in employment in these two groups has been unbroken since July. The railroad repair shop group added 2,900 workers to its pay rolls and the paper and printing group added 2,100. In the remaining groups employment declined. The food group with a net reduction of 49,800 workers showed the most pronounced decline in employment. This was due largely to a decrease of 39.5 percent in canning, but each of the other industries surveyed in this group, except slaughtering and meat packing, also reported a decline in the number of workers. The leather group reduced its working force by 14,000, the lumber group by 13,800, the textile group by 11,400, the chemical group by 2,600, the stone-clay-glass group by 1,000, the tobacco group by 400, and the rubber group by 100. As previously indicated the most significant increase in employment from October to November was the gain of 10.1 percent in the auto mobile industry. Pay rolls in this industry rose 19.5 percent. In former years, employment in the automobile industry declined in November. The general introduction of new models at an earlier date than in previous years, however, advanced the usual periods of expansion in this industry by approximately 2 months. Increased activity in the electric- and steam-railroad car building and the loco motive industries in November was indicated by the gains in employ ment of 14.9 percent and 7.3 percent, respectively. Gains ranging from 4.0 percent to 6.2 percent were shown in slaughtering and meat packing, wirework, woolen and worsted goods, cotton small wares, men’s furnishings, and agricultural implements. Among the remain ing 41 industries in which smaller percentage gains in employment were shown over the month interval were: Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills; foundries and machine shops; machine tools; hard ware; steam-railroad repair shops; shipbuilding; iron and steel forgings; tools; textile machinery; brass-bronze-copper products; stamped ware; smelting and refining; cotton goods; dyeing and finishing textiles; leather; book and job printing, and rubber goods, other than tires and shoes. The largest declines in employment from October to November were seasonal. Employment in the canning and preserving industry decreased 39.5 percent over the month interval. Declines were also reported in millinery (17.0 percent), women’s clothing (7.4 percent), men’s clothing (6.2 percent), silk and rayon (6.5 percent), boots and shoes (7.3 percent), ice cream (6.4 percent), beverages (6.1 percent)? cement (6.2 percent), jewelry (5.6 percent), tin cans and other tin ware (5.2 percent), fertilizers (5.6 percent), and cottonseed— oil, cake, and meal (8.6 percent). The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed from reports supplied by representative establishments in 90 manu facturing industries. The base used in computing these indexes is the 3-year average, 1923-25. In November 1935, reports were received from 23,491 establishments employing 4,068,004 workers whose weekly earnings were $88,552,442. The employment reports received from these cooperating establishments cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 4 90 industries included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' monthly survey. Per capita weekly earnings in all manufacturing industries com bined were $21.77 in November, a decline of 0.2 percent over October. Twenty-nine of the ninety industries surveyed showed gains in aver age per capita weekly earnings ranging from 0.1 percent to 23.1 percent. Some of the establishments that report employment and pay-roll totals do not report man-hours. Consequently, average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a ^smaller number of establishments than are used in computing per ^capita weekly earnings and indexes of employment and pay rolls. Average hours worked per week in all manufacturing industries com bined fell 1.0 percent from October to November, the average for October having been 38.2 as against 37.8 for November. Average hourly earnings, however, rose 0.4 percent from 56.5 to 56.7 cents. Twenty-four of the eighty-seven industries for which man-hour data are published showed gains in average hours worked per week, and 49 showed increases in hourly rates of pay. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and per capita weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in November are presented in table 1. Percentage changes from October to November 1935 and from November 1934 to November 1935 are also given in this table. Table 1.—-Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, November 1935 Employment Industry Per capita weekly earnings 1 Pay roll Average hours worked per week 2 Average hourly earnings 2 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Index Index change from— change from— change from— Novem change from— N ovem change from— ber ber Novem N ovem Novem 1935 1935 ber ber ber (3-year (3-year Octo N ovem 1935 Octo N ovem 1935 Octo Novem average Octo N ovem 1935 Octo N ovem average ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber 1923-25 1923-25 1934 1935 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 = 100) =100) _____________________________ 84.9 - 0 .4 +10.4 74.5 - 0 .7 + 25.2 $21.77 - 0 .2 +13.4 37.8 -1 .0 +11.1 Cents 56.7 + 0 .4 + 1 .6 Durable goods 3_ _........ - _________________.. Nondurable go o d s3..... ...................... .............. 76.1 94.5 + 1 .6 - 1 .8 +22.2 + 2.2 68.1 82.6 + 2 .7 - 4 .0 +47.7 + 7 .8 24.47 19.07 + 1 .1 -2 .2 +20.9 + 5 .6 39.3 36.4 -.3 - 1 .9 +15.8 + 5 .7 61.1 52.6 + .8 -.4 + 2 .7 + .2 76.8 76.2 83.2 51.2 + .5 + .8 + 1.9 + .9 +16.0 +15.6 +15.2 + 3.9 65.1 66.4 69.6 30.4 -.6 + .4 - 1 .6 + 5 .2 +47.3 +59.2 +55.0 +15.2 23.23 24.10 21.62 16.09 - 1 .1 -.4 -3 .5 + 4 .2 + 26.9 +37.9 +34.0 +11.5 37.5 36.4 37.9 32.4 - 1 .6 -.3 -3 .6 + 3 .2 +24.7 +38.3 +31.7 + 8 .7 61.6 66.3 57.0 49.1 + .5 0 -.2 + .8 + .8 -.2 + 1 .2 0 80.9 65.2 56.8 95.6 + 2 .0 + 3 .2 + 2.2 - 2 .5 + 2.5 +27.8 +25.1 +52.5 67.9 51.5 55.7 60.0 + 5 .7 + 6.1 + 7.0 - 7 .8 +18.3 +43.9 +62.9 +59.6 21.54 24.71 22. 71 20.94 + 3 .6 + 2 .7 + 4 .7 -5 .5 +15.4 +12.2 +30.7 + 4 .7 40.9 40.2 41.0 37.4 + 2 .5 + 2 .8 + 3 .8 -5 .3 +15.0 + 9 .7 +30.5 + 8 .0 52.8 61.5 55.8 56.0 + 1 .3 + .2 + 1 .3 0 + .4 + 3 .4 + .2 -3 .4 58.7 108.5 58.6 95.3 + 1 .7 - 1 .5 -.7 - 5 .2 +19.1 +15.5 + 1 .2 + 6.4 41.4 86.0 44.7 91.5 - 4 .6 -1 1 .0 - 2 .9 - 8 .7 + 29.4 +28.4 + 8 .5 + 15.2 22. 57 22.21 21.14 20.07 -6 .2 -9 .7 - 2 .1 - 3 .7 + 8 .3 +11.0 + 7 .5 + 8 .5 38.9 38.3 36.1 37.2 -5 .8 -1 0 .1 -3 .7 -5 .3 + 7 .5 + 9 .0 + 5 .1 + 5 .2 58.1 57.0 58.6 53.7 -.2 + 1.1 + 1 .6 + 1 .3 + .3 + 1 .7 + 2 .0 + 2 .1 71.3 138.4 + 3 .3 + 4 .2 +22.7 +14.2 71.1 135.5 + 4 .4 + 9 .3 +46.9 +43.4 22. 63 24.13 + 1 .1 + 4 .9 +19.3 +25.4 42.1 41.5 + .7 + 4 .5 +15.2 + 21.9 53.7 58.2 + .6 + .5 + 4 .8 + 3 .2 93.8 123.8 + .8 + 6 .2 +20.4 +55.5 78.9 145.0 + .6 + 6 .5 +37.9 +69.2 23.99 24.04 -.1 + .3 +14.6 + 8 .8 39.4 39.0 - 1 .0 -1 .0 +14.0 + 2 .5 60.4 61.8 + .8 + 1 .1 + .7 + 5 .6 109.5 + 1 .4 + 2 .6 88.5 - 2 .4 + 6 .2 26.59 -3 .7 + 3 .6 38.5 -4 .2 + 1 .4 69.5 + .4 + 1 .4 All industries Durable goods Iron and steel and their products, n o t in cluding m ach in ery3________________________ Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m ills.. Bolts, nuts, washers, and riv ets..................... Cast-iron p ip e.................................. .......... ......... Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut lery), and edge tools........................................ Forgings, iron and steel..................................... . Hardware— ................................................... ....... Plumbers’ su p p lies............................................. Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings............................................... . Stoves____________________________________ Structural and ornamental m etalwork.......... T in cans and other tinware__________________ Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws)....................................... W irework 3_________________________________ M achinery, n o t including transportation equipm ent___________________________________ Agricultural implem ents...... ............................. Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu lating machines.................................................. See footnotes atend of table. Table I.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, November 1935— Continued Employment Industry Machinery, n o t including transportation equipm ent—Continued Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels. Foundry and machine-shop products............... Machine tools______________ _________________ Radios and phonographs........... .............. .......... Textile machinery and parts.............................. Typewriters and parts......................... .............. Transportation equipm ent.................................. Aircraft............................................................. . Autom obiles..................... ....................... .............. Cars, electric- and steam-railroad......... ........... Locom otives________ ________________________ Shipbuilding........................ .......... .......... ............ Railroad repair shops.............................................. Electric railroad.................................................... Steam railroad....................................................... Nonferrous metals and their products 3......... Alluminum manufactures 3......... ................... Brass, bronze, and copper products__________ Clocks and watches and time-recording devices..................................................... - .......... Jewelry.................................................................... Lighting equipment.............................................. Silverware and plated ware............................... Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. Stamped and enameled w a re3........................... Lum ber and allied products................................ Furniture................. ................... - ......................... Lum ber: M illw ork.................................. ..................... . Sawmills............... ............. .............. ^ Per capita weekly earnings 1 Pay roll Average hours worked per week 2 Average hourly earnings 2 Index Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Index Novem change from— change from— change from— change from— N ovem change from— ber Novem N ovem N ovem ber 1935 ber ber ber 1935 (3-year Octo N ovem 1935 Octo Novem (3-year Octo Novem average Octo Novem 1935 Octo N ovem 1935 ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber average 1923-25 1934 1934 1934 1934 1935 1934 1935 1935 1935 1935 1923-25 = 100) 75.4 103.0 77.6 100.1 271.6 66.0 107.5 101.0 447.8 115.5 45.9 22.8 82.3 55.7 65.1 55.0 93.1 83.0 89.0 + 0.1 + 1 .6 + 1 .0 + 1 .7 - 2 .7 + 2 .6 + 2 .1 + 9 .4 +. 1 +10.1 +14.9 + 7 .3 + 3 .1 + 1.1 + 1 .0 + 1 .1 + 1 .3 + .3 + 2 .5 +15.3 +40.1 +17.6 +42.6 +26.6 + 8 .6 + 1 .3 +62.4 +78.8 +72.1 +41. 7 -3 9 .2 +18.8 + 7.9 -.9 + 8 .9 +19.1 +12.5 +23.6 64.6 76.1 65.3 90.2 179.8 54.4 99.3 101.5 358.9 116.7 47.4 10.1 72.5 54.5 59.3 54.2 78.5 77.0 72.9 +29.2 -0 .9 +52.2 + 1 .5 +40. 1 + 1 .1 + . 8 +71. 5 - 3 .2 +36.7 +25. 3 + .1 + 2 .7 + 1 .5 +17.5 +109.7 - 3 .1 +67.3 +19.5 +127. 5 + 15.6 + 58.0 -3 9 .2 + 6 .0 + 3 .0 +34.3 + 2 .6 +22.7 -1 .2 + 3 .3 + 2 .7 + 24.6 + . 1 +32.8 + 1 .4 +25.6 +42.1 + .6 90.7 65.4 83.5 60.5 61.9 101.0 45.0 59.3 + 4 .3 -1 4 .8 + 2 .4 + 1 .0 + 5 .6 + 1 .1 -7 .4 -5 .8 39.6 26.5 -5 .4 -1 0 ,1 94.4 84.0 86.9 73.0 88.0 116.2 56.0 77.0 + 2 .4 - 5 .6 + ( 4) + .9 + 2 .7 +3.1 - 2 .6 -1 .2 +21.6 + 9 .2 +26.1 + 1 .8 +18.1 +23.9 +15.2 +18.1 48.7 36.0 - 1 .7 - 4 .1 +34.2 + 9 ,8 + 4 .8 + 1 .7 + 5 .8 Cents 60.6 69.5 59.9 63.0 52.7 61 5 57.6 74.1 65.3 75.0 61.2 62.7 76.7 67.6 61.4 68.2 + 1 .3 -. 1 -.2 + .5 + 3 .1 + -3 + .2 + .4 + .8 +. 3 + 3 .4 - 1 .1 + 1 .1 + .3 -.2 + .4 + 2 .5 - 5 .6 + 2 .3 + 3.1 - 2 .9 + 3.1 + 7.6 + 1.5 + 8.1 +12.0 + 7 .4 +16.4 54.3 54.7 57.7 + .4 + 1 .7 -.9 + 1 .2 + 1 .7 - 1 .3 + 1 .8 -1 2 .4 + .7 + .7 + 1 .5 - 2 .4 + 11.0 1 +17.8 + 4 .4 + 8 .9 +12.8 -. 48.3 52.4 54.2 56.9 56.2 51.1 + .2 + 2 .7 + 1 .5 -.7 + 1 .3 + .2 + 4 .0 1 - 2 .6 + .5 + 4 .2 + 3.1 - 5 .0 - 5 .4 +15.8 +16.1 45.0 44.8 -.2 + .2 - .6 - 1 .7 -4 .9 -4 .9 +24.1 + 14.7 45.9 46,5 + 1 .3 -1 ,3 + .5 0 +11.5 +11.6 +15.1 38.6 38.9 40.0 42.6 39.0 36.7 40.9 39.8 41.6 40.7 35.3 37.0 32.9 40.6 43.4 40.4 41.1 40.7 41.2 -2 .0 0 + .3 - 1 .4 -3 .5 -2 .9 + .5 + 7 .0 + 1 .2 + 8 .5 - 2 .8 0 -1 .8 + .5 -2 .9 + 1 .0 -1 .4 - 1 .0 -1 .0 + 1 .8 - 9 .8 + 2 .3 +• 1 + 2 .9 - 1 .9 - 4 .9 -4 .7 + 15.3 - 5 .2 + 14.2 + 4 .6 + 13.0 +15.7 +16.4 + 12.5 45.0 38.1 41.9 40.9 40.3 40.7 40.0 40.5 -3 .7 -6 .3 +23.4 + 13.4 40.9 38.9 22.50 22.47 23. 77 -1 .0 -. 1 0 -.9 -.5 - 2 .4 + .6 + 7 .4 -3 .2 + 8 .5 + .6 -1 .2 -.2 + 1 .5 - 2 .2 + 1 .6 -1 .2 + 1 .1 -1 .8 +40.2 + 3 .6 +44.0 + 6 .7 +33.4 +43.1 +33.9 +33.3 21.72 20.47 22.70 23. 50 22.70 20.76 18.05 18.33 + 65 .0 +24.4 18.83 17.77 $23.50 27.01 24.00 26.85 20.52 22.51 23.60 29.58 25.42 30.42 21. 60 23.19 25.54 27.51 27.09 27. 61 + 11.9 + 8 .3 +19.1 + 20.0 + 8 .3 +15.7 + .4 +29.2 -6 .4 +32.0 +31. 8 -. 1 + 12.9 +13.7 + 4 .1 +14.3 +12.9 +. 8 +18.5 +18.5 +15. 0 -4-12. 0 -.9 +25.5 + 7 .9 + 29.0 + 7 .6 +1. 7 + 8 .2 - 1 .2 + 7 .0 + 1 .0 + 1 .2 -6 .0 + 3.1 + 1 .6 -. 100.7 56.4 34.6 49.6 98.4 27.4 70.0 + .4 -2 .0 - 6.2 + .9 - 1 .7 + 2 .0 + 9 .0 +8.0 +15.7 + 2.9 11.2 - 4 .2 + .4 + 65.8 + 1 .9 + 37.4 13.63 + 1 .6 + 25.7 43.9 23.4 33.3 91.2 17.7 54.6 - 1 .3 +23.3 + 41.8 +13.3 +26.7 + 2 .3 +14.5 20.34 17. 49 19.88 21. 73 21. 24 20.79 -.9 -.2 + .9 -.5 -9 .3 + .3 +14.1 +23.1 + 9 .8 +14.1 + 6 .7 +13.8 37.2 39.0 34.8 36.9 32.9 38.7 -.8 -.3 + 1 .8 - 1 .1 -9 .6 -.3 + 12.9 +21.8 + 7 .6 + 8 .0 +14.7 +10.5 55.2 45.1 57.2 59.0 64.7 53.4 + .2 -.2 -.7 + .5 + .2 -.2 + 2 .5 -.8 + 1 .9 + 5 .5 -6.1 + 4 .8 15.99 15. 92 18.95 13. 35 17. 02 18. 54 19. 86 17.48 15. 40 17.69 -5 .0 -2 .4 -2 .6 -1 .5 -1 .0 -2 .8 + .1 -.8 -4 .5 -4 .0 + 5 .1 + 6 .4 +17.4 + 5 .6 + 9 .3 -1 .6 -.5 + 4 .7 + 1 .2 + 7 .6 34.5 36.1 34.5 36.0 37.7 35.1 28.4 37.2 35.2 36.3 - 2 .8 -1 .6 -2 .8 - 1 .1 -1 .8 -2 .5 + 4 .8 -.3 -3 .8 -3 .5 + 7 .9 + 6 .3 +18.6 + 7 .2 + 6 .7 - 5 .5 -1 .2 + 6 .1 + 4 .5 +10.7 46.0 44.1 55.4 36.9 45.3 52.7 68.1 47.8 43.7 48.8 - 2 .1 -.7 -.9 -.5 + 1 .3 + .2 - 2 .3 -.6 -.5 -.6 -1.5 0 + .4 -1.4 + 2 .0 + 5 .1 -1.9 -1.3 -2.9 -2.4 - 6 .1 -7 .3 -7 .7 -.3 -2 .3 + 9 .3 + 15.2 + 8 .5 -.2 + 6 .8 50.3 56.9 50.1 46.0 35.0 - 4 .4 -.7 -9 .4 + .7 - 4 .4 —-4.4 11.1 - 2.2 - 5 .3 +. 4 -1 0 .9 + 2 .4 Nondurable goods - 41031— 362 Turpentine and rosin......................................... . S to n e , d a y , a n d glass p r o d u c ts _____ ________ Brick, tile, and terra cotta..... .............. ............. Cement............. . .................................................. . Glass................ ......................................... ............. Marble, granite, slate, and other products__ Pottery........ ........................................................... Textiles a n d th e ir p r o d u c ts ___________________ F a b rics--........ ................................................ ....... Carpets and rugs................................... ........ Cotton goods.................................................. Cotton small wares............ ......................... D yeing and finishing textiles............... ....... Hats, fur-felt_.......................................... ....... K nit goods................................................... . Silk and rayon goods................................. . W oolen and worsted goods____ _________ 97.0 96.1 82.6 90.6 89.4 111.7 82.8 117.6 72.5 103.1 Wearing apparel...................... ............................ Clothing, m en’s ................ ............................ Clothing, wom en’s . ...................................... Corsets and allied garments....................... M en’s furnishings—- ..................................... M illinery.............. ........................................... Shirts and collars..... ...................................... 94.8 88.9 121.9 85.1 109.7 50.1 109.8 1.0 - 1 5 .5 + 8 .4 L ea th er a n d its m a n u fa c t u r e s _______________ Boots and s h o e s .................... ........................... Leather................................................................... 82.3 77.8 100.3 —5.0 - 7 .3 + 3 .4 + .9 - 2 .5 +12.4 F o o d a n d k in d re d p r o d u c ts _______ __________ Baking.................................................................... Beverages................................................................ B utter.......................................... ........................ Canning and preserving............... ....................... C onfectionery..................................................... . Flour. ...................................................................... Ice cream............ .................................. ................. Slaughtering and meat packing....... .................. Sugar, beet-............. .............................................. Sugar refining, cane5............................................ T o b a c c o m a n u fa c t u r e s _________ _____________ Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff.......... Cigars and cigarettes............................................. P aper a n d p r in t in g ................................................ Boxes, paper....................................................... . Paper and p u lp ..................................................... 99.7 113.6 153.0 70.1 76.1 85.2 75.8 61.5 82.8 239.9 76.8 59.7 - 7 .0 -.9 - 6 .1 - 1 .9 -3 9 .5 - 5 .9 - 1 .7 -6 .4 + 4 .0 - 8 .5 See footnotes at end of table. 66.2 58.8 98.7 92.9 109.0 -.7 + 1.6 - 2.0 + 2 .9 + 4 .8 + 2 .5 - 2 .3 + .2 - 6 .5 + 4 .7 - 5 .7 - 6.2 - 7 .4 - 2.1 + 5 .3 -1 7 .0 - - 2.8 -5 .5 -.5 + .1 -.7 + .4 + .4 -. 1 + 6.7 + 7.1 +37.4 - 3 .8 +11.2 +22.2 +12.7 + 6.3 - 3 .3 +37.5 + 5 .8 +10.7 + 5.5 - 4 .7 - - 6 .2 1.6 + .7 - 7 .8 -1 3 .9 - 6 .9 - 2 .4 - 3 .1 -2 4 .2 +26.4 -1 7 .9 - 6 .7 -1 0 .3 - 6.2 + 2 .0 + 2 .9 +2.0 +12.1 79.7 82.6 70.5 76.8 78.6 88.2 69.6 - 5 .7 -.8 -4 .6 + 1 .3 + 3 .7 -.3 60.9 79.4 -.6 -1 0 .7 + .5 69.2 64.4 81.3 78.7 84.1 34.9 111.3 -1 5 .4 -1 3 .8 -2 1 .3 - 3 .2 + 4 .0 -2 9 .1 -.3 +23.6 0 -2 .5 -3 .9 - 22.6 +13.2 16. 22 16. 98 16.79 15.01 14.84 16. 62 13. 36 -1 0 .3 - 8 .1 -1 5 .0 -1 .2 -1 .3 -1 4 .6 + .6 + 2 .1 +11.5 -5 .4 + 2 .4 + 2 .2 - 8 .5 + 4 .3 30.9 29.0 31.0 31.4 33.6 35.5 -.3 + 9 .4 38.1 * + .5 -3.0 66.6 - 9 .8 -1 4 .9 +2.0 + 9 .2 + 2 .7 +23.7 17.22 15. 69 21.78 - 5 .0 -8 .2 -1 .3 + 8 .2 + 5 .3 + 9 .9 34.0 32.4 38.9 - 4 .0 -5 .3 -1 .5 + 8.2 + 7 .8 + 7 .6 52.2 50.9 56.0 -.8 -1 .4 0 + 1 .3 + .8 + 1 .6 —5.9 - 1 .1 - 4 .1 - 2. 1 -4 0 .7 - 9 .1 -8 .2 -5 .2 + 2 .8 +19.1 - 8 .7 - 3 .2 ++ 61.1 .3 - 4 .8 20.90 22.07 29. 70 20. 40 13.37 15.73 22.42 26.14 23.19 20.33 20.40 14.58 14.47 14.60 25.10 19. 62 21.33 + 1 .2 -.2 + 2 .1 -.2 - 2 .1 -3 .4 -6 .5 + 1 .3 -1 .2 +22.5 -3 .3 - 2 .7 -2 .7 -2 .6 -.6 -3 .3 -1 .7 + 4 .1 + 2 .7 + 5 .4 + 4 .5 +11.7 + 3 .3 + 9 .5 + 5 .2 + 1 .7 + 9 .1 + 4 .5 + 7 .3 + 13.9 + 6 .3 + 4 .4 + 6 .4 + 9 .3 40.0 41.0 38.4 -.2 -.2 + .5 + 2 .7 + 5 .4 + 6 .5 52.8 53.9 78.0 + 2 .7 +. 6 + 2 .1 + 1 .3 -2 .2 + .2 33.8 37.6 41.0 45.6 41.1 48.5 36.5 35.8 34.1 36.1 38.6 40.7 40.3 -8 .6 - 2 .1 -7 .0 + 1 .3 -.7 +25.0 -.8 - 3 .8 -2 .3 - 3 .7 -.8 -2 .9 -1 .0 + 8 .2 + 5 .6 +10.0 + 5 .3 -3 .7 + 9 .7 -3 .2 + 4 .2 + 7 .3 + 3 .5 + 5 .4 + 9 .7 + 9 .6 38.6 42.2 55.0 56.8 56.4 42.4 55.0 40.2 42.6 39.9 68.6 48.3 53.1 + 4 .9 -.7 + .5 + .5 -.2 -1 .6 -2 .3 + .2 -.2 + .5 -.1 -.6 -.4 + 4 .5 -1.3 + .6 + .6 + 5 .7 -2.2 + 8 .3 K3.0 1-6.3 K3.0 -1.0 -2.4 + .5 120. 0 56.1 101.4 91.5 99.7 151.2 54.4 84.3 73.7 67.7 51.2 77.7 202.7 62.4 48.9 63.7 47. 0 8 8 .0 89.1 91.7 - - 2.2 2.6 -3 .3 -.2 -2 .9 - 1 .7 +13.9 +61.7 + 1 .5 +21.5 +20.5 +12.3 11.2 + - 2.2 +48.1 +8.0 - 3 .5 -3 .7 - 3 .7 + 7 .0 - +2.0 22.8 + 37.7 - 1 4 .3 + .2 + 2 .4 - .2 + 6 .4 + 9 .6 +11.8 -6.1 + 3 .8 -7.5 Table 1.—rEmployment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, November 1935— Continued Employment Industry Per capita weekly earnings 1 Pay roll Average hours worked per w e e k 2 Average hourly earnings 2 Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Percentage Index Index change from— change from— change from— N ovem change from— Novem change from— ber ber N ovem N ovem N ovem 1935 1935 ber ber ber (3-year Novem (3-year Octo N ovem 1935 Octo N ovem Octo 1935 Octo Novem 1935 Octo Novem average average ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber ber 1923-25 1923-25 1934 1935 1935 1934 1934 1935 1934 1935 1935 1934 = 100) = 100) Nondurable goods—Continued Paper and printing— Continued Printing and publishing: Book and job ......... ...................................... Newspapers and periodicals.............. .......... 89.1 101.2 + 1 .1 + .5 + 2 .2 + 1 .4 78.4 93.1 + 0 .2 + 1 .0 + 5 .4 + 3 .0 $27.44 33.49 -0 .8 + .4 + 2 .9 + 1 .0 37.5 36.9 - 0 .5 0 + 4.1 -.1 Cents 73.6 89.9 -0 .4 + .2 - 0 .1 + 3 .4 Chemicals and allied products, and petro leu m refining____ ___________________________ Other than petroleum refining....... ............ ....... Chemicals........................................................ Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal...... .......... Druggists’ preparations................. .............. Explosives................................... ................... Fertilizers......... .............. ............ ................... Paints and varnishes____________________ Rayon and allied products...... ................... Soap...... .......................................................... Petroleum refining........ .............. ......................... 112.4 112.9 109.5 98.1 100.3 89.9 83.9 109.3 356.1 103.7 110.3 + 3.5 + 4 .6 + 4 .9 + 8 .4 - 4 .9 - 1 .9 - 8 .0 + 9 .6 + 11.0 -.9 -1 .4 91.1 99.2 101.9 104.2 94.7 80.2 72.5 94.0 263.3 98.3 98.8 - 1 .5 —. 8 + 1 .8 - 7 .3 -5 .2 -.1 -7 .7 -.9 -.1 - 3 .0 -3 .3 + 9 .0 +11.3 +12.3 + 28.0 -2 .2 +12.6 + 4 .0 +19.7 +13.7 + 6 .3 + 2 .1 23.19 21.29 25.60 10.13 20.34 24.94 12.61 23. 95 19.58 23.02 27.60 + 5 .4 + 5 .8 + 7 .9 +12.3 -1 .2 + 8 .3 +13.5 + 6 .2 + 1 .0 + 1 .5 + 2 .6 61.0 54.2 63.6 21.3 55.0 66.9 36.1 59.3 51.5 60.5 80.5 -4- a + 1 .1 + .3 + 1 .4 + 2 .0 -.6 + .8 + .9 0 + .8 -.1 + 1.7 + 1 .6 + .2 + 5 .7 + 3 .4 + 4 .5 - 1 .2 + 3 .5 + 1 .0 + 5 .0 + 2 .6 70.3 50.1 -.7 -5 .2 +21.0 + .6 22.99 19.07 +13.9 + 4 .2 38.1 39.4 40.2 47.9 37.3 37.3 34.9 40.4 38,0 38.1 34.5 35.9 36.5 - 1 .3 -.8 + 1 .0 -.6 -6 .7 + .3 - 3 .1 -1 .9 0 -2 .3 -2 .8 + 6 .2 - 3 .5 -.8 —.1 + 1 .3 + 1 .4 -4 .0 -.3 -2 .2 -1 .1 + .2 -1 .4 - 2 .8 -.6 -4 .5 + 5 .4 + 6 .4 + 6 .9 + 17.9 + 2 .6 +15.0 +13.1 + 9 .2 + 2 .7 + 7 .2 + 3 .6 82.7 58.5 - .6 —s 7 +. 5 -8 .6 - 1 .3 + .2 - 5 .6 + .1 -.2 - 1 .6 -.5 - .1 -.8 - 1 .1 -4 .5 +11.6 + 5 .2 66.3 52.3 -.3 + .2 + 1 .8 -.5 130.7 69.8 + 1 .5 -1 .2 +16.6 + 1 .6 113. 7 59.9 - 2 .5 + 1 .6 + 33.5 + 18.8 20.21 27.20 -3 .9 + 2 .8 + 14.5 + 17 .0 38.7 33.5 -4 .2 + 3 .1 +15.7 +11.8 52.3 81.8 -.2 0 - 1 .5 + 5 .7 Rubber products3...................................... ............ Rubber boots and shoes3................................... Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes........ ........................................ Rubber tires and inner tubes............................. 1 Per capita weekly earnings are com puted from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. Percentage changes over month in the groups and in “ A ll industries” also computed from indexes. 2 Computed from available man-hour data—all reporting establishments do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. The average hours and average hourly earnings in the groups and in “ A ll industries” are weighted. 8 Per capita weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings have been revised over a period of months and are presented in table 2. A n explana tion of the changes accompanies that table. * Less than Ho of 1 percent. * Data revised as follows: Sugar refining, cane—September 1935 average hours 38.9, percentage change from August 1935, +2.9, from September 1934, +1.9; October 1935 average hours, 36.7, percentage change from September 1935, —5.7, from October 1934, —1.1; September 1935 average hourly earnings, 60.8 cents, percentage change from August 1935, +1.5, from September 1934, +9.1; October average hourly earnings, 59.1 cents, percentage change from September 1935, —2.8, from October 1934, +5.2. 9 Revised per capita weekly earningst average hourly earnings, and average hours worked per week in manufacturing industries R e v i s e d indexes of employment and pay rolls were presented in the September 1935 pamphlet and the December issue of the Monthly Labor Review for certain groups and industries in which a recheck of the basic material disclosed certain mechanical errors. Correspond ing revisions have been made in per capita weekly earnings, average hourly earnings, and average hours worked per week. The revised averages together with percentage changes over month and year are presented in table 2. Averages and percentage changes over month and year for any one industry or group are presented beginning with the first month in which a revision for that industry or group was necessary. Revised figures are indicated by asterisks. T ab le %•— R evised Per C a p ita W e e k ly E arnings, A v e ra g e H o u rly E arn in gs and A verage H ou rs W ork e d per W ee k in M a n u fa ctu rin g Industries [Revised figures are indicated by asterisks] A ll industries combined Per capita weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Percentage change from— Year and month Average Percentage change from— Average Preced ing month Preced ing year Average hours worked per week Preced ing month Percentage change from— Average Preced ing month Preced ing year Preced ing year 1988 N ovem ber........ . December............... $17.71* 17.97* -2 .5 * + .8 * + 7.4* + 9 .7 Cents 51.9 52.5 + 0 .8 + .6 + 16.4 +18.0 34.4 34.2 - 3 .6 -.6 -9 .1 -9 .1 1984 January.................. F ebruary. ............. M arch.................... A pril....................... M a y .................... J u n e ................ ....... 18.01* 19.02* 19.55* 19.96 19.81 19.48* + .4 + 5.8* + 2.7* + 2.1* - .5 * -1 .6 +12.2* +18.4* +26.8* +26.1* +19.2* +13.3* 53.3 53.1 53.1 54.1 55.1 55.0 + .9 + .2 + .4 + 1 .9 + .9 + .5 +20.8 +22.4 + 23.8 +27.3 + 30.2 + 31.2 33.7 35.8 36.3 36.2 35.4 34.9 -.9 + 6 .2 + 1 .7 0 - 1 .4 -2 .2 -7 .8 -4 .0 + 1 .9 - 2 .1 - 1 0 .1 -1 5 .8 July......................... August— ............... Septem ber.. . . ___ October................... N o v e m b e r............ December......... 18.60 18.89 18.55* 18.95* 18.87* 19.73 —4.0 + 1 .7 -2 .2 + 1.8* -.5 + 4.5* + 8 .2 + 5 .1 + 3 .4 + 4.3* + 6 .5 +10.4 55.6 55.5* 55.9 55.3* 55.4 56.0 + 1 .1 0 * + .7 -1 .1 * 0 + 1 .1 +31.7* +16.2* +10.0* + 7.1 * + 6.3* +6.8* 33.4* 34.0* 33.3 34.3* 34.1 35.2 - 4 .3 + 1 .8 - 2 .1 + 2 .7 -.6 + 3 .2 -1 9 .2 * -9 .9 * - 6 .4 * - 3 .1 * -.1 * + 3. 6* 1985 January................... February................ M a rch . __________ A pril..............._____ M a y . ...................... 20.00 20.94* 21.09 21.17 20.78 + .7 * + 4.3 * + .8 +• 1 -1 .6 +10.7* + 9 .1 + 7.1* +5.0* +3.8* 56.4 56.7 56.8 57.1 57.1 + .4 + .4 + .4 + .5 0 + 6. 2* + 6. 5* + 6.4* + 5 .0 + 4 .1 35.2 36.4 36.6 36.4 35.8 0 + 3 .7 + .3 -.5 - 1 .6 + 4. 5* + 2. 2* + .7 * + .3 0 June. ..................... J u l y . ...................... August................... September............. 20.54 20.12 20.85* 21.14 -1 .3 * -1 .6 + 3 .8 +1.4* + 4.1* + 6 .8 + 9 .0 +13.0* 57.5 56.9 56.8 56.3 + .3 -.9 -.2 -.9 + 3 .8 + 1 .8 + 1 .6 0 35.4 35.2 36.6 37.4 -.8 -.6 + 4 .0 + 2. 2 + 1 .5 + 5 .4 + 7 .7 +12.3 10 Table — Revised Per Capita Weekly Earnings, Average Hourly Earnings, and Average Hours Worked per Week in Manufacturing Industries— Con. Aluminum manufactures Per capita weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Percentage change from— Year and month 1934 July......................... $15.93* August.................. . 14.80* September_______ 16.59* O ctober............. 19.04* N ovem ber______ 19.89 December________ 20.82* Preced ing month Preced ing year -1 5 .0 * - 7 . 4* +13.4* +14.9* + 4 .1 + 4. 7* -9 .9 * -1 6 .7 * -1 .3 * +6.8* +13.0* +20.3* Percentage change from— Percentage change from— Average Average Average hours worked per week Average Preced ing month Preced ing year Preced ing m onth Cents 55.3* 54.8* 53.1 53. 2* 53.0* 53.4* +2.0* - .2 * - 2 .7 * + .2 -.7 * + .8 * +37. 3* +28. 5* +16.8* +16.1* +13. 9* +13.8* 34.5* 29.7* 36.0 38.0 37.3* 38.1* - 7 .0 * -1 4 .7 * +22.4* + 5. 6* - 1 .8 * + 2.1* Preced ing year -1 9 .6 * -2 5 .4 * -.3 * + 2. 6* + 2.7 * + 7.6* 1935 January................. February_________ M arch.......... .......... A p r i l . . ................... M a y ____________ June_____________ 19.31 20. 82 21.30 21.33 20.99 20. 34 - 7 .5 + 8 .3 + 1 .3 - .2 - 1 .3 - 2 .6 +23.0* +13. 5* +12.1* + 8.1* +6. 9* +8.8* 54.7 53.2 54.8 54.1 53.9 53.9 + 1 .3 - 2 .8 + 2 .0 - 1 .3 0 + .2 +11. 5* + 6. 6* + 5.0 * + 2. 6* +1.7* -1 .4 * 35.3 39.1 38.9 39.4 38.9 37.7 -8 .5 +11.1 -.8 + 1 .0 -1 .3 -2 .8 + 7.9 * + 6. 5* + 8.1 * + 5.9 * + 2.8* + .5 * J uly____________ _ August—............. . September........... 18.88 21.08 21.35* - 7 .8 +11.5 + .9 * +18.0* +42.0* +26. 6* 54.4 53.9 54. 5* + 1 .1 - 1 .3 + .9 * - 2 . 2* -3 .4 * + .3 * 34.7 39.1 39.1* - 8 .7 + 13.0 0* - 1 .4 * +30. 6* + 6 . 7* Stamped and enameled ware 1983 September_______ October__________ N ovem ber_______ December________ 16.12 16.68* 16.52 16.22 -2 .8 +3.2* + .2 * - 2 .2 -1 .3 -.6 * + 6. 3* +11. 5* 45.5 45.5* 46.1 47.7 1934 January................. February_________ M arch........ ............ A pril_______ ______ M a y _______ ____ June....................... 16.23 17.45 18.22 18.09 18.34 18.07 + 0 .4 + 6.1 + 4 .5 -.8 + 1 .7 - 1 .6 +15. 4* +16. 2* +26.8* +21.8* +15.6* +10.4* 48.1* 47.8 48.3 48.2 50.2 50.1 + 0.4 * -1 .6 + 1 .3 -.2 + 3 .1 + .2 +20.4* +18. 5* +23.4* +20. 5* +23.2* +24.8* 33. 7* 36.7* 38.0 37.7 36.7 36.0 0* + 7.9* + 3 .5 -1 .3 -.8 -1 .9 + 0.7* + 5.1* + 5.5 * + 1.9* -5 .3 * -1 1 .3 * July_________ _____ August______ ____ September_______ October__________ N o v e m b er........... . December___ ____ 17.01 16.99 16.83 17.90 18. 01 19. 02 -6 .2 + .5 - 2 .7 + 7 .4 + .8 + 5 .5 +5.4* + 2. 5* + 2. 5* + 6. 8* + 7.3* +15. 9* 50.6 50.6 49.9 50.7 50.3 51.4 + .6 + 1 .0 + .2 + .4 -.4 + 2 .4 +29.2* +23.5* +11.4* +11.0* + 8 .4 + 7. 6* 33.6 33.8 33.4 35.3 35.7 37.0 -6 .4 + .6 - 3 .2 + 7 .3 + 1 .1 + 3 .1 -1 8 .1 * -1 6 .4 * - 6 . 6* - 2 .0 * + . 7* + 9 .3 1935 January......... ......... February________ Marc*i___________ April_____________ M a y ________ ____ June______ ______ 18.14 19.14 19.78 19.39 18.46 17.95 -3 .7 + 5 .8 + 2 .4 - 2 .5 - 3 .3 -2 .8 +11.0* +10. 6* + 8.6* + 6 .7 + 1 .4 + .1 51.5 50.2 51.1 ,51.0 50.3 ,50.6 + 1 .0 - 2 .1 + 1 .2 + .2 + .2 + .6 + 8 .2 + 7.6* + 7 .5 + 8 .0 + 5 .0 +5.3* 35.2 38.1 38.6 37.8 36.6 35.3 -4 .6 + 8 .2 + 1 .6 -2 .8 -3 .4 -3 .6 + 4 .3 + 4 .6 + 2.7 * + 1 .1 -1 .5 - 3 .3 * July— _____ _____ A ugust.................... September...... ....... 17.42 19.02 19.97* - 2 .8 + 9 .7 +4.7* + 3 .8 +13.3 +21.8* ■50.3 49.8 50.8* + 4.1 * + 2 .2 + 2.2 * 34.5 38.0 39.2* -2 .3 + 10 .8 + 4.5 * + 1 .0 +11.2* +20.0* 35.5 36.8* 35.8 33.9 -.6 -.8 + .2 * 11 Table 2.— Revised Per Capita Weekly Earnings, Average Hourly Earnings, and Average Hours Worked per Week in Manufacturing Industries— Con. Rubber boots and shoes [Revised figures are indicated b y asterisks] Per capita weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Percentage change from— Year and month Average 1933 M a y ............... ......... $16.81* June________ ____ 17.52* J u ly.— ................... 18.66 19.03 August____ ______ S eptem ber............ 18.00 October__________ 18. 77 N ovem ber_______ 18. 47 December________ 18.08 Average hours worked per week Percentage change from— Average Preced ing month Preced ing year +17.8* +4. 2* + 6 .5 + 2 .0 - 5 .1 + 2 .0 -1 .8 + 1 .9 + 4.3* +20.0* +42. 0* +32.9* + 4.0* +4.8* - 4 . 2* -3 .9 * 45. 5* 45. 5* 46. 5* 48.3* Preced ing month Preced ing year +17. 0* 0 * + .2 * +4.1* +28. 9* +23.4* +23.9* +36. 5* Percentage change from— Average Preced ing month Preced ing year 39.6* 39.3* 37.3* 39.1* -1 2 .8 * - .8 * -3 .9 * +3.4* +14.2* +13.3* + 8.9* +9.9* Cents 1934 January-. ______ February________ M arch................. . A pril......... ............. M a y _____ _______ June..................... . 17.13 16.82 17. 27 18. 21 18. 27 17.98 -5 .1 - 2 .2 + 2 .7 + 5 .4 + .3 - 1 .5 +9.9* +7.2* +28.9* +29.8* +10.4 + 4 .4 46.6* 46.4* 46.3 46.6 47.0 46.4 -4 .5 * +10. 0* + 1.1* ' +31. 8* -.2 +31.6 - .2 +31.3 + .9 +32.3 - 1 .3 +34.3 37. 6* 32.8* 34.5 36.5 36.6 35.6 -3 .0 * -3 .5 * + 5 .2 + 7.7 + .3 - 2 .7 +28. 0* +23.4* +29.9* +39.9* + 5.3 -1 2 . 5* July______________ August___________ ‘S e p tem b er....... . October__________ N ovem ber.......... . December.............. 17. 56 18.29 17. 89 17.88 18.31 19.30 + 4 .8 - 1 .1 - 2 .3 + 2.9 + .5 + 6 .7 + 2 .7 -.4 * +2.5* +3. 5 + 5 .9 +10. 9 47.3 48.4 49.2 50.5 52.9 52.6 + 1 .9 -.6 + 1 .4 + 3.3 + .2 + .2 +20. 5 +18.4 + 2 .6 + 6 .0 + 6 .0 + 2 .0 36.8 34.9 32.6 33.4 34.6 36.7 + 3 .4 - 3 .6 - 6 .6 +2.1 +. 3 + 6 .4 -1 1 .3 -1 1 .3 —5. 0 - 2 .3 + 2. 0* + 4. 9* 1935 January......... ......... February................ M arch..................... April........................ M a y ................. ....... June........................ 19.19 18.37 19.01 18.36 18.08 17.58 - 1 .1 - 3 .5 + 2.3 -3 .4 - 1 .5 -3 .0 +15. 6* +14.0* +13.6 + 4.1 + 2 .3 + .8 * 51.6 50.9 52.2 52.7 53.3 52.3 - 1 .1 -.6 +. 6 + 1 .0 + 1.1 -1 .5 + 5 .7 + 3 .9 + 4.7 + 6 .0 + 6.1 + 5 .9 37.2 36.1 36.4 34.9 33.9 33.6 0 - 2 .7 + 1.7 - 4 .1 - 2 .9 - 1 .5 +8. 2* + 9.1 +5. 5* -6 .0 -9 .1 * - 7 .9 J u ly .— ............... . August.................... -S eptem ber............ 18.22 19.00 19.25* + 3 .5 + 5.1 + .8 * • - .5 * + 5. 7* + 9.0* 52.3 51.9 52. 0* -.4 -.8 + .4 * + 3 .5 + 3 .4 +2.3* 34.8 36.6 37.0* + 3 .9 + 5 .8 + .5 * + 0. 3* + 1 .1 * + 1.3* -1 .9 * -.2 * + 4.0* +3.4* +6.3* +2.4* +3.1* 35. 2* 35.8* 31. 6* 32. 7* 36.6 -1 1 .3 * + 2. 9* - 7 . 6* +2.8* +4.9* + 2. 7* + 3. 4* + 1.9* +1.4* + .9 * 36.6 36.0 35.2 37.0 38.0 , - 7 .5 + 1. 6 +9.3* Wirework 1935 M ay__........ June______ July_______ A ugust------September. 20. 38* 20. 61* 17. 90* 18.11* 20.93 -1 1 .0 * + 4.0* -6 .4 * -.7 * +6.0* - 7 . 9* - 3 . 6* +5.3* +4.8* +12. 6* 57. 7* 57. 2* 56.7* 55. 5* 57.0 - 12. 8 * - 7 .9 * - 1 .5 * + 3.1* +8. 9* Durable-goods group 1935 M a y ______ ______ J u n e ...................... July....... .......... August— ........... . Septem ber.............. 22.66* 22.26 21’. 57* 22. 55* 23.05 -2 .2 * - 1 . 9* -3 .0 * + 4. 2* + 1 .9 * + 2. 9* + 2.9* + 8 .4 +10.7 +20.4 60. 9 * 61. 4* 60.9 60.7 60.3 + 0 .2 + .7 * -.7 -.3 -.7 -2 .4 -1 .6 -2 .2 + 4 .8 + 2 .7 - 0 .4 * - .6 * + 5.1 * 1 + 8.3 * +17.6* 12 Table £•—Revised Per Capita Weekly Earnings, Average Hourly Earnings^ and Average Hours Worked per Week in Manufacturing Industries—-Con. Nondurable-goods group [Revised figures are indicated b y asterisks] Per capita weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Percentage change from— Percentage change from— Year and m onth Average Average 1985 M a y ................. ....... $18.95* June......................... 18.90 July.................. ....... 18.76 August.................... 19.27 19.44 September_______ O ctober.......... ........ 19.47 Preced ing month Preced ing year - 1 .3 * -.7 0* + 3.1* + 1.6* -.6 + 4.2* +5.3* + 5 .5 + 6 .9 + 7. 3* + 6 .7 Average hours worked per week Cents 53.7 54.0 53.4* 53.4 52.9 52.8* Percentage change from— Average Preced ing month Preced ing year -0 .2 + .2 -.7 * - .2 - .8 .0* +5.2* + 4.3 * + 2.0 * + 1.9 * - .3 * + .6 * 35.0 34.9 35.3 36.2 36.9 37.1 - 1 .1 -.3 + 1 .1 + 2 .8 + 1 .9 + .5 * - 0 .6 + 2 .5 + 4 .9 + 5 .9 + 6 .9 + 6 .5 * + .8 + .7 + .9 + .7 + 1 .3 35.1* 34.1* 32.6* 35.9* 37.1 - 1 .7 * -2 .8 - 4 .1 + 9.5 * + 3.1 * - 2 .2 * - 5 .2 * + 7 .9 * + 19 .7 +30.5* + 3.1* + 3.2 * + 2 .7 + 1.7 * + 1.2 * 37.3 37.0* 36.0 38.3* 39.7 -1 .3 -.5 * -2 .4 + 6 .7 * + 4 .2 + 2. 0* + 10.4* + 13.3* f-6.2* -5.5* -5.0* -3.8* -4.3* 33.4 33.1 32.4 33.7 35.3 -4 .6 - 1 .5 * - 1 .2 + 4 .0 + 4 .4 + 3 .1 * + 8 .4 * +14.6* Preced ing , m onth Preced ing year Iron and steel group 1985 M a y ........................ June................. ....... July....... ................. A ugust.................... Septem ber_______ 21.70* 20.91* 19.83* 22.11* 22.93 - 2 . 2* - 3 . 6* -4 .9 * + 9 .9 + 3.5* -1 .2 * - 5 . 3* + 9.0* +22.3* +34.7* 61.7 61.5 61.1 61.1 61.4 -0 .3 -.2 -.5 + .2 + .5 Nonferrous group 1985 M a y ............ June............ July............. August____ Septem ber. 20.51 20.52 19.91 21.03* 21.77 -1 .0 * + . 1* -2 .9 + 5.6 * + 3 .4 + 1.1 * + 3 .1 + 4.3 * + 11.4 +13.5* 54.4* 54.9* 54.9* 54.5* 54.4 + 0 .6 + .7 -.2 -.9 * -.5 - 1 .0 * + .7 * Rubber group 1985 M a y ______ June............ July----------August____ Septem ber. 22.62 22.51 2X78 22.65 23.55 -5 .3 * -.6 -2 .4 * + 3.8 * + 4 .3 + 3.6* + 4 .6 +7.7 * +13.4* +20.5* 69.3* 69.6* 68.2* 68.3* 68.1 - 0 .6 * + .4 -.4 * -.6 * -.3 - 2.8 - 2. 0* Indexes and estimates of factory employment and pay rolls, January 1934 to November 1985 I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing indus tries combined, for the durable-goods group and for the nondurablegoods group, by months from January 1934 to November 1935, inclusive, are given in table 3. Estimates of employment and weekly pay rolls for all manufacturing industries combined are also given in this table. The diagram on page 13 indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to November 1935. E m p lo y m e n t e B y Rons in M a n u fa ctu rin g In d u stries 3 -y e a r a v e ra g e 1 9 2 3 -1 ^ 2 ^ 1 0 0 U .S .D epartm en t o f L a b o r BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W ashington Index Numbers Index Numbers - - 130- - 120 j m e 11 sA 110100- - € 140 -130 - -L 90- j >\ J t i - -120 -110 -100 - 80 70 -- 6050- 4030 P a 7/ 7 ? /> /Z o - / : - - 10* 0 70 60 ^O - - 20 - k A r- v / 90 80 _7 iiHiinin 111111n111 miiiiiiii liimiini 11111111111 immiin 111mi1111 »1111111111 1mill in1 iiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiii iiiiimiiii miiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiii IIIIIIIIIII iiiiiiiiiii ~ 1919 1920 1921 1922 19?3 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 40 30 20 10 0 14 T a b le 3 .— Indexes and E stim a tes o f E m p lo y m e n t and P a y R olls in A ll M a n u facturing Industries C om bin ed and Indexes o f E m p lo y m e n t and P a y R olls in the D u ra b le - and N o n d u rab le-G ood s G roups 1 [Indexes based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100] Indexes Year and month Estimated number of wage earners Estimated pay rolls (1 week) All manufac turing indus tries combined Durable-goods group Nondurablegoods group Em ploy ment Em p loy ment Em p loy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls Pay rolls 1984 January................................ February........ ............... -- M arch................. . ................ A p ril.................................. . M a y ............... ....................... June............... ....................... 6,154,300 6, 522, 500 6, 778, 300 6,906,100 6,912, 600 6,799, 900 $109,806,000 123,395,000 131, 650,000 136,962,000 136, 575,000 132,040,000 73.4 77.8 80.9 82.4 82.5 81.1 54.0 60.6 64.7 67.3 67.1 64.9 59.9 63.6 67.2 70.1 71.6 70.9 41.6 47.9 52.8 57.4 58.6 56.9 88.0 93.1 95.5 95.6 94.2 92.2 69.7 76.9 79.9 80.0 78.1 75.1 J uly.................................... . August............ ..................... September...... ................ . October___________ _____ N ovem ber___ ____________ D ecem ber________________ 6, 601, 700 6,674,400 6, 360, 200 6,569, 500 6,443, 200 6, 544, 400 123,011,000 126, 603,000 118,089,000 124,138, 000 121,085,000 128, 593,000 78.8 79.6 75.9 78.4 76.9 78.1 60.5 62.2 58.0 61.0 59.5 63.2 67.5 66.2 64.4 62.9 62.3 64.4 49.9 49.9 45.5 46.4 46.1 50.4 90.9 94.1 88.3 95.0 92.5 92.8 73.9 77.9 74.0 79.6 76.6 79.5 Average..................... 6,605, 600 125, 996,000 78.8 61.9 65.9 50.3 92.7 75.8 1985 January________________ February__________ _____ M arch----------- -----------------A p r i l..---------- -----------------M a y ______________ _______ J u n e ................................... - 6, 604,000 6, 817, 300 6,914, 600 6, 914,300 6,803,800 6,677,400 130, 705,000 140, 618,000 143,927,000 144,075,000 139, 325,000 135,044,000 78.8 81.3 82.5 82.5 81.2 79.7 64.2 69.1 70.7 70.8 68.5 66.4 66.2 69.4 71.0 71.8 71.4 69.7 52.5 58.6 60.5 61.8 260.1 57.6 92.3 94.1 94.9 94.1 91.7 90.4 79.2 82.5 83.8 82.3 279.2 277.6 July....................................... A ugust__________________ September_______________ October______________ N ovem ber_______________ 6, 672,900 6, 859, 200 7,000,000 7,137, 700 7,118, 700 132, 886,000 141, 596,000 146, 693,000 152,514,000 151, 557,000 79.6 81.8 83.5 85.2 84.9 65.3 69.6 72.1 75.0 74.5 69.4 70.5 71.2 74.9 76.1 55.6 858.9 60.6 66.3 68.1 90.6 94.0 96.7 96.2 94.5 77.7 83.2 86.9 86.0 82.6 » Comparable indexes for earlier years will be found in the December 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the M arch 1935 and subsequent issues of the M on th ly Labor Review. >Revised. Trade, Public U tility , M ining, Service Industries, and Private Building Construction Employment, pay rolls, and earnings in - November 1935 in nonmanufacturing industries G a i n s in employment were reported in 6 of the 17 nonmanufactur ing industries surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from October to November and 7 reported larger pay rolls. The largest percentage gain in employment (3.4 percent) was in brokerage firms. The bituminous-coal mining industry showed 2.4 percent more employees on the pay rolls, but 6.1 percent less in weekly wage disbursements. The observance of the Armistice Day holiday in many localities accounted in large measure for the pay-roll decrease. Metalliferous mines reported a further expansion in employment (1.9 percent), this being the fourth consecutive monthly gain. 15 Wholesale trade also showed an increase in employment for the fourth consecutive month, the 0.9-percent gain bringing the November index to 86.4, the highest point recorded since April 1931. Employ ment gains were shown in many separate lines of wholesale activity, the most pronounced of which were seasonal increases in farm products and assemblers and country buyers. Other lines of wholesale trade in which gains were reported were drugs and chemicals, electrical goods, general merchandise, jewelry, paper and paper products, hardware, and metals and minerals. Reports received from 50,694 retail-trade establishments empjoying 890,221 workers in November showed a net gain of 1.0 percent in employment over the month interval. Increased fall buying was reflected in the substantial gain in employment in the general-mer chandising group, composed of department, variety, general-mer chandising, and mail-order establishments. The November employ ment index for this group (101.6) is 4.6 percent above the October index and exceeds the level reported in November of any year since 1929. The remaining 45,923 retail-trade establishments reporting to the Bureau showed a decrease in employment of 0.2 percent. Among the lines of retail trade in which expansion was shown were automobiles, furniture and housefurnishings, and drugs. Among the industries which showed decreased employment were anthracite mining (20.7 percent), building construction (7.2 percent), quarrying and nonmetallic mining (6.5 percent), dyeing and cleaning (5.1 percent), and crude-petroleum producing (2.2 percent). In the aggregate, there were 2,800 fewer workers on the pay rolls of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries in November than in October and $2,316,000 less in weekly wage disbursements. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, per capita weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in November 1935 for 13 of the trade, public utility, mining, and service industries, together with percentage changes from October 1935 and November 1934, are shown in table 4. Similar information, except indexes of employment and pay rolls, is also presented for private building construction. Man-hour data and indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available for banking, brokerage, or insurance establishments, but the table shows percentage changes in employ ment, pay rolls, and per capita weekly earnings for these three industries. 41031— 36------ 3 Table 4.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Sours, and Earnings, in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries, November 1935 Employment Industry Percentage Percentage Index Index change from— change from— No November vember 1935 (aver age 1929 «100) Coal mining: Anthracite_______ _____________________ Bituminous..................................................... Metalliferous mining............................................. Quarrying and nonmetallic mining....................... Crude petroleum producing.................................. Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph................................ Electric light and power and manufactured gas._............................................................. Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance................................................ Trade: Wholesale........................................................ Retail.............................................................. General merchandising............................. Other than general merchandising........... Hotels (cash payments only)3,,............................. Laundries................................................. ............ Dyeing and cleaning............................................. Banks_____________________________________ Brokerage.............................................................. Insurance................ ............................................ Building construction........................................... Per capita weekly earnings1 Pay roll 46.6 76.1 52.6 46.7 73.0 1935 (aver Octo No age ber vember 1929 1935 1934 —20.7 + 2 .4 + 1 .9 - 6 .5 - 2 .2 -2 3 .2 - 4 .6 +21.8 - 5 .7 - 7 .4 *100) Octo No ber vember 1935 Average hours worked per week1 Percentage change from— No vember 1935 1934 « 28.4 65.5 39.6 32.1 56.9 -4 9 .3 - 6 .1 + 2 .4 -1 2 .2 - 1 .7 -4 4 .5 +12.3 +38.9 + 9 .2 - 3 .6 $17.69 22.29 23.45 17.28 28.66 Percentage change from— No vember Octo No ber vember 1935 1934 -3 6 .0 - 8 .3 + .5 - 6 .1 + .5 -2 7 .8 +17.8 +14.1 +15.7 + 4 .0 Average hourly earnings1 1935 Percentage change from— No vember Octo No ber vember 1935 1934 22.3 27.3 39.7 35.6 36.5 -3 3 .8 - 9 .0 + .8 - 8 .0 0 -2 4 .8 + 9 .3 +14.6 + 9 .7 - 1 .7 1935 No Octo ber vember 1935 1934 80.5 82.2 58.2 48.1 78.7 - 2 .4 + 2 .0 -.3 + 1 .3 + .9 - 3 .1 +11.3 + .6 - 1 .3 + 2 .0 Cents 69.8 -.3 -.1 74.9 —(2) + 3 .7 28.87 + .2 + 3 .9 39= 1 + 2 .6 + .8 76.4 - 2 .2 + 3 .9 87.6 +.3 + 2 .5 83.4 - 1 .2 + 4 .8 30.26 - 1 .5 + 2 .3 39.3 - 1 .5 + 1 .5 77.3 + .5 + 1 .7 71.1 -<*> - 1 .0 63.8 -.4 + 3 .2 28.60 -.3 + 4 .2 45.1 -.7 + 2 .4 62.2 + .2 +2 .1 86.4 84.6 101.6 80.1 + .9 + 1 .0 + 4 .6 -.2 + 1 .5 + 1.1 +1*7 + .9 66.9 63.4 82.0 59.6 +. 1 +. 3 + 2 .8 -.3 + 4 .2 + 2 .4 + 2 .2 + 2 .6 26.65 19.60 16.63 22.45 -.8 - 1 .2 - 1 .8 -.2 + 2 .7 + 1 .2 +. 5 + 1 .6 41.7 42.3 39.4 43.2 -.7 -.2 -.5 -.2 + 2 .6 + 3 .1 + 4 .9 + 2 .3 63.3 51.1 45.6 52.9 -.3 + .2 -.4 + .4 - 1 .5 - 1 .3 - 3 .0 -.9 81.5 81.3 76.3 -.1 -.8 -5 .1 -.1 + 3 .4 -.4 - 7 .2 + 1 .1 + 1 .2 + .7 + 1 .8 +11.1 + .7 -.7 64.8 66.7 55.4 + .7 -.6 - 9 .4 + .2 + 3 .5 + .5 -1 1 .3 + 3 .8 + 4 .7 + 2 .8 + 1 .2 +14.3 + 3 .4 + 4 .0 13.71 15.63 17.90 31.56 35.15 36.03 24.63 + .8 + .3 - 4 .5 + .3 +• 1 + .9 - 4 .4 + 2 .7 + 3 .4 + 2 .1 -.5 + 2 .9 + 2 .7 + 4 .8 48.1 40.7 41.1 + .2 0 - 3 .1 + 2 .7 + 4 .0 - 2 .3 28.2 36.7 42.9 + .7 + .3 -1 .4 + .1 -.4 -.8 (4) (<) 0) (4) (4) () () () 4 4 4 W (<) 0) (<) 0) (<) (4) (4) 30.3 h - 5 .3 + 6 .9 (<) 0) (‘) 81.0 (<) (4) (<) + .9 (*) 0) (*> -.1 1 Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data furnished by a smaller number of establishments as some firms do not report man-hour information. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. 2 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 3 The additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. 4Not available. 17 Indexes of employment and pay rolls in tradef public utility, mining, and service industries, January 1984 to November 1985 I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls in 13 trade, public utility, mining, and service industries and 2 subdivisions under retail trade are shown by months in table 5 for the period January 1934 to Novem ber 1935. Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1934 to November 1935 1 [12-month average, 1929*100] Anthracite mining M onth E m ploy ment Payrolls Bituminous-coal mining E m ploy ment Payrolls Metalliferous mining Quarrying and nonmetallic mining E m ploy ment E m ploy ment Pay rolls Payrolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 January.......... February........ M arch............. A pril............... M a y ................ June................ 64.1 63.2 67.5 58.2 63. 57.5 62.9 64.4 51.4 52. 53.5 56.8 73.2 65.8 82.4 51.7 64.0 53.3 57.5 64.3 38.9 49.9 49.5 66.0 75.8 76.1 77.8 72.2 76.7 76.7 80.0 81.1 81.6 74.3 75.3 77. 51. 54.6 58.9 51.4 54.4 55.1 59.6 66.1 67.5 45.0 49.1 64.7 39.6 40.3 39. 41.7 40. 41.0 44.3 44.3 45.0 46.0 44.4 46.0 25.4 26.0 25. 27.2 25.6 26.7 30.1 29.9 30.9 31. 31.4 31.5 39.7 38.8 42.0 48.7 54.3 56.6 36.9 37.3 40.5 45. 49.5 50.4 21.3 21.0 24.1 29.9 35.0 37.0 22.2 July................. A ugu st........... September___ October.......... N ovem ber___ Decem ber____ 53. 49.5 56.9 58.5 60.7 61. 49.4 38.7 46.0 58.8 42.3 39.7 47.0 48.3 51.2 52.3 37.5 28.3 38.2 55. 28.4 77.0 77.1 78.2 79.3 79.8 79.7 70.0 73.4 77.1 74.3 76.1 49.7 50.4 51.4 57.6 58. 57.0 35.9 45.8 60.1 69.8 65.5 39.9 42.7 42.3 43.3 43.2 44.4 45.2 46.3 48.9 51.6 52. 25.1 27.0 25. 28.2 28.5 29.4 31.1 33.4 35.4 38.7 55.6 54.7 53.3 51.8 49.5 42.1 50.9 51.0 50.0 50.0 46.7 35.0 34.0 32.4 32.1 29.4 23.6 34.4 36.3 35.4 36.5 32.1 77.2 55.9 Average Crude-petroleum producing M onth Em ploy ment Payrolls 54.2 41. 26.7 48.9 20.8 24.9 28.9 32.8 33.8 29.6 Telephone and tele graph Electric light and power and manu factured gas Electric-railroad and motor-bus opera tion and mainte nance 2 E m ploy ment Em ploy ment E m ploy ment Payrolls Payrolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 Payrolls 1934 1935 1935 January.......... . February......... M arch.............. A pril............... . M a y . - ............. June................ . 73.2 72.4 72.8 74.0 76.7 80.0 74.9 74.2 74.0 74.9 76.0 76.7 53.0 50.5 52.5 53.4 56.4 56.9 55.5 54.9 56.0 56.7 57.8 59.2 70.2 69.8 70.0 70.2 70.2 70.4 70.5 70.0 69.8 69.7 70.0 70.2 69.0 67.9 70.4 68.8 71.4 71.3 73. 72.9 75.3 73.1 73.7 74.4 82.2 81.2 81.7 82.4 83.1 84.0 82.7 82.2 382.3 82. 883.3 383.9 73.8 74.4 75.6 76.8 77.6 77.8 78.0 78.3 79.4 79.0 79.8 79.8 70.5 71.0 71.7 72.2 72.6 73.2 71.2 71.0 71.3 71.4 71.6 71.7 59.2 60.1 62.2 62. 63.0 63.2 62.9 63.1 63.4 63.3 63.6 July.................. August............. September___ October.......... . N ovem ber___ D ecem ber____ 81.6 82.7 81.8 79.5 78.8 78.7 77.4 76.3 75.1 74.7 73.0 60.0 61.2 59.7 60. 59.0 59.5 59.9 58.9 60.9 57.9 56.9 71.0 71.0 70.9 70.3 69.9 69.7 70.3 70.5 70.4 70.0 72.3 74.0 72.2 74.9 72.2 73.2 75.7 75.5 73.8 74.9 74.9 85.0 85.6 85.8 85.8 85.5 83.6 384.8 •86.8 86.9 387.4 87.6 81.1 79.9 79.3 80.6 79.6 78.3 81.5 82.8 84.5 84.4 83.4 73.1 72.8 72.5 72.2 71.8 71.0 71.5 71.2 71.0 71.1 71.1 63.8 62.8 62.4 63.0 61.8 62.3 63.4 63.3 64.0 64.1 63.8 Average. 77.7 56.9 70.3 71.5 83.8 77.9 72.1 62.2 1 Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found in the Novem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues of the M onthly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935 issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M on th ly Labor Review. 2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 1. 3 Revised. 18 Table 5#— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1934 to November 1935— Continued Wholesale trade M onth E m ploy ment Total retail t rade Em ploy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls Retail trade—general merchandising Retail trade—other than general mer chandising E m ploy ment E m ploy ment Pay rolls P ay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 Jarm ary , February_____ M arch________ A pril_________ M a y __________ June__________ 80.6 81.2 81.8 82 1 82 8 82.3 84 2 84 6 84 0 83 2 82 5 82.1 60 3 61 0 62 0 63 1 6? 6 62.8 63 9 64.6 65 2 64 8 64 6 64.6 79 8 79 6 81 5 82 5 82 9 82.6 79.5 79.2 80.2 83.5 82.2 82.2 59.0 58.8 59.8 61.2 61.5 61.4 59.7 59.3 60.4 62.5 62.0 62.5 86.6 85.0 90.1 91.0 92.0 90.6 87.3 86.2 88.6 94.4 91.3 91.2 71.1 68.9 71.5 74.0 74.5 73.9 73.5 72.3 74.1 77.5 76.3 76.7 78.0 78.2 79.3 80.3 80.5 80.5 77.4 77.3 78.0 80.7 79.8 79.8 56.5 56.7 57.4 58.5 58.8 58.8 56.9 56.6 57.6 59.4 59.0 59.5 July_____ _____ August_______ September___ October______ N ovem ber-----Decem ber____ 82.2 82.5 83.5 84.3 85.1 85.0 82 1 82.7 83.7 85.7 86.4 63 8 62.7 63.6 64.5 64.2 64.8 64.6 64.8 67.2 66.8 66.9 79 0 77.8 81.7 82.6 83.7 91.1 79.3 78.0 81.8 83.8 84.6 60.1 58.4 60.6 61.9 61.9 66. 2 60.5 59.3 62.5 63.2 63.4 83.0 81.2 91.5 94.2 99.9 128.4 85.5 83.1 92.2 97.1 101.6 69.5 66.9 74.0 77.3 80.2 99.0 72.0 69.5 77.2 79.8 82.0 77.9 76.9 79.1 79.5 79.4 81.3 77.7 76.7 79.1 80.3 80.1 58. 2 56.6 57.8 58.7 58.1 59.4 58.1 57.2 59.4 59.8 59.6 75.1 ..... 79.2 _____ 58.0 Average . 82.8 60 9 82.1 63.0 92.8 Year-round hotels E m ploy ment M onth Average _ _ ::: E m ploy ment P ay rolls E m ploy ment P ay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 76.4 78.9 80.4 81.5 81.8 81.9 80.3 81.1 80.8 81.1 81.6 81.3 57.2 60.9 62.2 62.7 62.9 62.9 62.2 63.5 63.9 63.6 63.7 63.5 78.5 78.4 79.2 80.5 82.1 84.0 79.6 79.6 79.7 80.0 81.1 82.3 61.7 61.7 62.7 64.4 66.9 68.3 63.9 64.1 64.6 65.5 66.6 68. 2 68.1 68.1 72.4 79.9 84.3 84.9 70.3 69.6 72. 5 79.9 80.9 83.6 46.8 46.3 51.7 60.8 65.1 64.1 50.4 49.8 53. 5 61.9 61.7 65.7 _ 80.4 80.3 80.0 80.7 80.0 81.1 80.9 81.6 80.6 81.5 80.0 61.5 60.2 61.0 62.7 62.4 62.2 62.1 62.0 63.1 64.3 64.8 84.6 83.7 82.9 81.7 80.3 79.5 84.4 84.2 83.0 81.9 81.3 68. 2 66.6 65.9 64.8 63. 7 63.3 70. 9 69.2 67.9 67.1 66.7 80. 5 78.6 80.0 80.3 75.8 72.4 81. 7 79.4 82.1 80.4 76.3 58.9 56.7 59.0 59.1 53.9 51.1 61. 5 58.2 63.1 61.1 55.4 January........... . --------------- --------------Febrnarv _ Marnh --------------A pril..................---------------M av June________________________________ Julv August............. . September ______ :::::: October --------------------- ________ Novem ber December. Pay rolls D yeing and cleaning Laundries :::::: 80.2 61.6 81.3 64.9 77.1 56.1 Employment on Class I Railroads A c c o r d in g to preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission, 984,696 workers (exclusive of executives and officials) were employed in November by class I railroads— that is, roads having yearly operating revenues of $1,000,000 or over. This is a decrease of 2.0 percent in comparison with October when 1,004,902 workers were employed. Information concerning pay rolls in November was not available at the time this report was prepared. The total com pensation of all employees except executives and officials in October was $142,107,244, compared with $131,558,448 in September, a gain of 8.0 percent. 19 The Commission's preliminary indexes of employment, taking the 3-year average, 1923-25 as 100, are 55.8 for November and 56.9 for October. The final September index is 56.5. Trend o f Private Employment by States C h a n g e s in employment and pay rolls from October to November 1935 are shown by States in table 6 for all groups combined (except building construction) and for all manufacturing industries combined. Data for nonmanufacturing groups which were formerly published in this table are omitted from the present analysis, but will be furnished on request. The percentage changes shown in the table, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted— that is, the industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total have not been weighted according to their relative importance. Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in November 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Total—All groups Manufacturing Per Per cent Amount cent N um Geographic divi N um N um age age ber of sion and State ber of ber on of pay roll (1 week) change estab pay roll change estab from from lish N ovem N ovem lish Octo ments ments ber 1935 Octo ber 1935 ber ber 1935 1935 N ew E n g la n d ___ M a in e ___ _____ N ew Hampshire. Verm ont_______ M assachusetts. _. R hode Island___ Connecticut____ 13,802 768 654 448 91,492 184,966 - 0 .3 $17,114,650 890,054 -.8 -1 .4 651,852 328, 231 -2 .8 9, 490,085 - .7 1, 742,609 -.4 + 1 .2 4, 011,819 M id d le A tla n tic. 39,593 1,861,115 N ew Y o rk .......... 17,832 814,868 N ew Jersey_____ 3,747 271,538 Pennsylvania___ 9,014 774,709 - 1 .1 43,655,528 - . 5 20,617, 238 + . 6 6,373,471 - 2 . 2 16, 664,819 *8,680 1,263 2,049 824,463 50,063 35,051 16,399 446,492 E ast N o rth C en tra l__________ Ohio______ ____ Indiana................ Illin ois................ M ichigan_______ W iscon sin .......... 18,946 1,899,008 + 1 .5 8,229 529,303 -.5 1,798 194, 730 + 1.2 498,112 + 0 ) % m 3, 509 502,681 + 5 .8 61,006 174,182 -.2 West North C en tra l______ Minnesota........... Iow a............ ......... M issouri-----------North D akota.. . South D a k o ta ... Nebraska......... . Kansas............ 11,046 1,967 1,738 3,265 550 439 1,384 *1, 703, 399,414 85,660 55,026 161,859 5,041 5,525 33,001 -.9 -.5 -1 .9 -1 .3 + .7 -.4 -1 .7 53,302 + .6 46,348,186 12,439,645 4, 327,860 11, 491,201 - 3 .3 -4 .5 -5 .6 -4 .8 - Per Per cent cent Amount N um age age of pay roll ber on (1 week) change pay roll change from from N ovem N ovem Octo Octo ber 1935 ber 1935 ber ber 1935 1935 554,108 41,115 28,081 10, 328 3.7 1,548 252,923 -.2 4, 865,612 71,431 150, 230 + .4 + .3 1, 247,042 3,217,493 -9 .2 + .1 -.5 24,843,141 -2 .0 - 3.0 + .8 - 7 .1 + .6 409 622 - 3 .6 4,967 1,104,065 - 1 . 2 31,950 404,368 + .6 <756 237,386 - 7 . 8 2,261 462,311 + 2 .8 6,621 1,399,257 - . 4 2, 219 374,041 831 158,969 + 1.7 - - 0 ) $10,727,048 697, 517 -.9 496,165 -.6 203, 219 + 2 .2 - 4 .1 -5 .0 -6 .5 -.1 3,145 262 183 121 - 1.2 9, 801,561 + .7 5,392,845 -.5 9, 648,735 + 1 .9 33,779,356 8,983,465 -.7 + 1.7 - - 5.1 2.6 + 2 .1 +. 3 3 , 533,378 + 2.7 7 , 171,515 -.7 + 6.3 10, 971,059 3 , 119,939 7 - 1.1 1.5 2,036 786 1.3 749 315,860 411,102 + 6.5 139,285 7- . 8 8,755,709 - . 4 2,127 1,945,151 - 1 . 2 355 1,155,477 - 1 . 7 382 3,519, 579 + 0 ) 772 112,767 + 1 .5 44 114,137 - 2 . 7 32 713,836 + 1 .1 157 181,431 35,921 27,536 78,915 698 1,761 11,983 - 2 .0 -2 .2 -2 .5 -2 .5 -.7 + 3 .6 - 2 .1 3,936,498 816,043 568,220 1,661,612 16,807 36,113 267,186 + .1 -1 .5 -2 .0 + 1 .5 -1 .1 + 1 .0 + 3 .3 24,617 + .2 570,517 1.1 14, 230,958 +11.3 3, 858,522 1, 194, 762 - + .3 385 + .3 - 1 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 2 Includes construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment, amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling. 3 Includes laundering and cleaning, and water, light and power. 4 Includes laundries. 5 Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting. 6 Includes construction, but does not include hotels, restaurants, and public works. 7 Weighed percentage change. 8Includes construction, miscellaneous services, and restaurants. 20 Table 6.—-Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in November 1935 by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued Total—A ll groups Geographic divi N um sion and State ber of estab lish ments South Atlantic.. 10,900 Manufacturing Per Per Per Per cent N um N um cent A m ount cent cent N um A m ount age age age age ber on of pay roll ber of ber on roll change of(1pay pay roll change (1 week) change week) change from estab pay roll from from N ovem from N ovem N ovem Octo lish O cto N ovem Octo ber 1935 Octo ber 1935 ber 1935 ber ments ber 1935 ber ber ber 1935 1935 1935 1935 234 1,694 1,062 2,109 1,257 1, 319 722 1,489 1,114 751,937 + 1 .2 $13,763,214 - 0 . 4 2,641 12,927 - 3 . 4 288,693 - 1 . 4 78 106,717 -.8 2,247,049 647 -.4 40,936 982,068 + .7 -.6 36 93,839 - .2 + .3 1,710,722 426 143,401 241 + . 3 3,250,450 - 5 . 9 146,439 + 2 .1 2,137,423 + 1. 9 577 66,215 + 1 .4 909,122 + 3 .0 196 99,602 + . 5 1,529,666 + 1 .8 357 41,861 + 13.9 707,021 +11.0 183 483,819 + 0 .4 $7,977,736 + 0 .7 8,207 - 5 . 7 175,021 - 2 . 2 68,595 7 - 1 . 9 1,861,894 7 - 2 . 8 3, 571 + .8 120,401 +. 9 1,068,799 + 1 .2 60,477 - 1 . 5 54,164 - 1 .1 1,172,924 - 2 . 6 135,264 + 2 .1 1,955,132 + 2 .2 59,288 + 1 .5 786, 708 + 3 .4 75,819 +• 6 1,057,822 + 3 .0 17,434 + 3 .4 279,035 + 5 .3 4,564 1,507 1,278 1,208 571 246,593 78,962 86,512 64,545 16,574 + 1 .0 -.8 +. 8 + 3 .7 + .3 4,339,543 1,651,198 1,459,203 969,126 250,016 + .3 -1 .4 +• 4 + 2 .5 + 1 .6 902 266 310 229 97 155,333 32,953 62,207 49,633 10,540 + .6 - 3 .3 + .2 + 3 .9 + .5 2,479,887 635, 751 1,005,311 696,996 141,829 -.1 - 3 .6 -.3 + 3 .0 + 3 .1 158,969 24,671 41,367 38,324 64,607 + .8 + 3.6 + .8 + .2 + .i 3,194,433 407,259 739,936 829,933 1,217,294 + .7 + 1.6 + .4 -.2 + 1.1 963 250 212 126 875 79,938 16,986 21,103 10, n o 81,789 + .4 + 2 .1 -. 1 + .7 - .8 1,490,110 257,882 321,952 208,079 702,697 + .5 -.1 -1 .1 - .7 + 1 .8 M ountain______ 4,595 137,387 18,888 11,002 9,560 44 ,543 6,642 13,933 19,389 3,430 -.5 + 3 .2 - 5 .9 -1 .2 -2 .5 -.5 + 4 .8 -2 .5 -1 .3 3,006,539 498,233 234,979 267, <149 1,008,734 139,715 318,803 445,877 92,749 + 1 .7 + 1 .2 -5 .5 -5 .8 + 2 .8 + 3 .5 + 4 .7 + 3 .8 -1 .7 537 81 51 47 173 24 38 94 29 40,715 - 5 .5 5,458 - 1 . 5 4,266 -1 3 .4 2,224 - 6 . 7 16,884 - 7 . 2 866 - 4 . 3 2, 389 + 1 .1 7,608 - 1 . 9 + .3 1,020 901,881 + 3 .8 128, 383 - 5 . 8 92,181 - 1 0 .9 59,852 - 6 . 2 370, 368 + 7 .5 13,655 - 7 . 5 52,657 - .9 154,816 + 18 .1 29,969 - (0 Pacific........... ...... 6,441 408,395 89,576 48,720 269,999 - 4 .9 -7 .0 -8 .6 -3 .6 10,337,076 2,085,940 1,098,997 7,052,189 - 4 .9 -8 .2 -9 .6 - 8 .1 1,764 474 255 1,085 207,397 - 9 .5 46,225 - 1 1 .2 27,094 -1 4 .3 184,078 - 7 . 8 -7 .9 5,106,862 1,023, 650 -1 2 .9 568, 548 -1 6 .3 3,514,664 - 4 . 8 Delaware—.......... M aryland______ Dist. Colum bia.. Virginia...... ......... W est Virginia. North C arolin aSouth Carolina— Georgia................ Florida................. East South Cen tral............ K en tu cky______ Tennessee______ Alabam a ............ Mississippi_____ West South Cen tral.......... ...... 4,161 *609 Arkansas_______ Louisiana............ 996 Oklahoma______ 1,411 Texas.................... 1,145 774 M ontana...... ....... Idaho.................... 473 354 W yom in g______ Colorado_______ 1,246 384 N ew M exico____ Arizona................ 567 U tah............... 539 N evada................ 258 W ashington____ 3,150 Oregon.......... ....... 1, 353 California______ i*1,988 * Less than Ho of 1 percent. 7W eighted percentage change. 9 Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel and building stone. Includes banks, insurance, and office employment. Private Employment and Pay R olls in Principal Cities A c o m p a r i s o n of November employment and pay-roll totals with October totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000 or over is made in table 7. The changes are computed from reports received from identical establishments in each of the months considered. In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these city totals. As information concerning employment in building construction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this industry have not been included in these city totals. 21 Table 7.—Fluctuations in Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities* November 1935 as Compared With October 1935 Cities N um ber of establish ments re porting in both months New York C ity ................ Chicago, 111....................... Philadelphia, P a _______ Detroit, M ich _........ ......... Los Angeles, Calif............ Cleveland, Ohio............... St. Louis, M o . ................. Baltimore, M d __............. Boston, M ass__............... Pittsburgh, Pa_............... San Francisco, Calif____ Buffalo, N . Y . ................. Milwaukee, W is________ 14,206 3,726 2,674 1,507 2,466 1,846 1,701 1,297 3,454 1, 593 1,528 1,063 709 N um ber on pay roll Am ount of pay roll (1 week) October 1935 October 1935 657,006 358,130 221,882 304,964 129,213 135,341 124,156 81,068 161, 757 183,916 85,165 68,159 69,219 Per cent age change from November October 1935 1935 656,174 363,037 221,049 333,305 129,791 134,328 123,126 80,262 161,440 187,134 83, 933 68,817 69,198 Per cent age change from N ovem ber October 1935 1935 - 0 .1 $17, 258, 584 $17,114,083 + 1 .4 8,963,442 8,997,150 -.4 5,288, 273 5, 238,823 + 9 .3 8,568,204 9,830,326 + .4 3, 262, 740 3,281,831 -.7 3,309, 644 3,298,142 2, 724,143 -.8 2, 726, 637 1,770,988 - 1 .0 1, 748,012 -.2 3,845, 686 3, 723,626 4,405,980 + 1 .7 4, 379,130 2, 262, 707 - 1 .4 2,228,894 + 1 .0 1, 650, 203 1, 669, 726 1,638,659 1,655,584 -0 ) -0 .8 + .4 -.9 +14.7 + .6 -.3 + .1 -1 .3 -3 .2 -.6 - 1 .5 + 1 .2 + 1 .0 i Less than Ho of 1 percent. Part II— Public Employment T o t a l employment by the various Federal agencies, exclusive of relief work, showed a marked rise in November. On relief work, employment was moderately lower in Civilian Conservation Camps and declined sharply on the emergency-work program. In the regular agencies of the Federal Government small increases were registered in the executive, judicial, and military branches; but a slight loss occurred in the legislative service. On construction projects, mod erate gains in employment occurred on projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and on construction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations. A decrease in employment, on the other hand, was reported on construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration. The Works Program, with an increase of nearly 600,000 in the number of workers employed, showed the most pronounced gain in November. Employment created by the Federal Government includes employ ment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal funds, and employment on relief-work projects. Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. The Works Program was inaugurated by the President in a series of Executive orders by authority of Public Resolution No. 11 approved April 8,1935. Employment created by this program includes employ ment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are those con 22 ducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments from the Works Program fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration are those projects conducted under the supervision of the W . P. A. The emergency-work program consists of projects authorized by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration since April 1, 1934. This program of providing employment through relief-work projects is being rapidly curtailed as The Works Program gets under way. The emergency conservation program (Civilian Conservation Corps), created in April 1933, has been further extended under authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for November is presented in table 8. Table 8.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, November 1935 [Preliminary figures] Employment Class N ovem ber Federal service: Executive............. ......................... J u d icia l......................................... Legislative..................................... M ilita ry ........................................ Construction projects: Financed b y P. W . A ____ _____ Financed b y R . F. C ..... ............ Financed b y regular govern mental appropriations......... . T he W orks Program .......................... Relief work: Emergency work program_____ Emergency conservation w ork.. October Per cent age change Pay roll Novem ber October + 0 .4 $119, 299, 543 2 $119,911,829 494,927 492,917 + .8 1, 203, 502 1, 210, 304 - 1 .1 + 1 .2 22, 263,895 21,893, 635 Per cent age change i 800,488 1,901 5,063 285,117 2 797, 259 1,885 5,120 281, 654 3 271, 111 9, 793 4 308, 632 9,192 -1 2 .2 + 6 .5 3 19, 512,866 1,001,408 4 21, 692,439 952, 790 -1 0 .0 + 5 .1 63,912 1, 225, 394 59,091 631, 940 + 8 .2 +93.9 4,077,395 50,159,119 4,193,129 29,447,788 -2 .8 +70.3 343,695 8 543,958 644, 639 8 550, 650 -4 6 .7 -1 .2 8,253,626 s 23,957, 751 17, 785, 219 6 24, 830,752 -5 3 .6 -3 .5 -0 .5 - .4 -.6 + 1 .7 1 N ot including 642 employees transferred but not reported b y department to which they were assigned. 2 Revised. 3 Includes 3,331 wage earners and a pay roll of $145,347 on projects financed from the Emergency Relief Appropriation A ct of 1935. 4 Includes 1,184 wage earners and a pay roll of $54,380 on projects financed from the Emergency Relief Appropriation A ct of 1935. 8 46,621 employees and a pay roll of $6,418,511 included in executive service, fi 46,979 employees and pay roll of $6,590,152 included in executive service. Exccutivc Service o f the Federal Governm ent E m p l o y m e n t in November in the executive branches of the Federal Government was 16 percent greater than in the same month of the previous year. (See table 9.) Compared with October, the level of employment in November was virtually unchanged, showing a gain of less than 1 percent. Of the 800,488 employees in November, 13.9 percent were employed in the District of Columbia and 86.1 percent outside the District. The information concerning employment in the executive depart ments is collected by the Civil Service Commission from the different departments and offices of the United States Government. The figures are tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 23 Table 9.— Employees in Executive Service of the United States November 1934, October 1935, and November 1935 District of Columbia Outside District of Columbia Entire service Item Perma Tem nent porary Number of employees: November 1934 2_______ 87, 601 October 1935 2__________ 101,993 November 1935_________ 103,073 Gain or loss: November 1934 to N o vember 1935__________ +15,472 October 1935 to Novem ber 1935______________ + 1,0 80 Percentage chancre: November 1934 to N o vember 1935___ ______ + 17. 66 October 1935 to N ovem ber 1935______________ + 1 . 06 Labor turn-over, N ovem ber 1935: Additions 4__________ . . 1,634 Separations 4. _________ 1,190 Turn-over rate per 100_____ 1.16 Total Perma Tem nent porary i Total Tem Perma nent porary 1 8,138 95,739 509,057 85,142 594,199 596,658 93, 280 8, 549 110, 542 578,805 107,912 686,717 680, 798 116,461 8,081 111,154 3589, 375 99,959 689,334 692, 448 108,040 Total 689,938 797,259 800,488 - 5 7 +15,415 +80,318 +14,817 +95,135 +95, 790 +14,760 +110,550 -4 6 8 +612 +10, 570 -7 ,9 5 3 + 2 , 617 +11,650 -8 ,4 2 1 + 3,2 29 +15. 78 +17. 40 +16. 01 +16. 05 +15.82 + 16.02 - .7 0 +16.10 - 5 .4 8 + . 55 + 1 .8 3 - 7 .3 7 + .3 8 + 1 . 71 - 7 .2 3 + .4 1 1,207 947 11. 39 2,841 2,137 1. 93 16,980 9,937 1. 70 18,185 22,061 17. 50 35,165 31,998 4. 65 18,614 11,127 1. 62 19,392 23,008 17. 28 38,006 34,135 4.27 1 Not including field employees of the Post Office Department or 21,346 employees hired under letters •of authorization by the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $853 625. 2 Revised. a Includes 3,P14 persons transferred from several State emergency relief administrations which adminis tered relief activities partially financed by funds received from the Federal Emergency Relief Adminis tration. 4 Not including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be regarded as labor turn-over. The most pronounced increases in employment in the executive departments of the Federal Government during November occurred in the Treasury Department and in the Works Progress Administra tion. Substantial gains, however, were shown by the Resettlement Administration, the Department of Labor, the Navy Department, the Post Office Department, and the Federal Emergency Adminis tration of Public Works. The largest loss in the number of employees, on the other hand, was reported by the War Department. There were also appreciable decreases in the number of workers employed by the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Department of Commerce, and the National Recovery Administration. Construction Projects Financed by the Public Works Administration D u r in g November 1 271,000 employees were working at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects. Compared with the previous month, this is a loss of 37,500 workers. Pay-roll dis bursements for the month were somewhat in excess of $19,500,000 and the value of material orders placed was approximately $29,000,000. Federal construction projects are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and depart ments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the 1 Unless otherwise expressly stated, when November is referred to in this section, it may be accepted as meaning the month ending Nov. 15. 24 National Industrial Recovery Act. The major portion of the Federal housing program now under way, however, is financed by fimds provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. The work is performed either by commercial firms, which have been awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies. Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration from funds available under either the National Industrial Recovery Act or the Emergency Relief Appro priation Act of 1935. Most of the allotments have been made to the States and their political subdivisions, but occasionally allotments have been made to commercial firms. In financing projects for the States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Adminis tration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total construction cost. When funds provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 are used to finance a non-Federal project, as much as 45 percent of the total cost may be furnished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more of the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify such action, the Public Works Administration may provide the grantee with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to commercial enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works Administra tion to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public. In this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of the activities of the Public Works Administration. Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads. Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Admin istration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings, bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotive and passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in commer cial shops. Information concerning the first type of railroad work, i. e., con struction, is shown in table 10, page 25. Employment in car and locomotive shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and locomotive shops is shown in a separate table. (See table 12, p. 28.) Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during November on construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds are given, by type of project, in table 10. 25 Table 10.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Public Works Funds, Month Ending Nov. 15, 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners T yp e of project M axi mum number employed 0) W eekly average M on th ly pay roll disburse ments N um ber of man-hours Average earnings worked during per hour month Value of material orders placed during month Federal projects—financed from N . I. R . A . funds A ll projects. ........................................ 2 150,871 Building construction3...................... Forestry................................................ Naval vessels. ..................................... Public roads4....................................... 13,816 99 28,547 00 Reclamation......................................... River, harbor, and flood control___ Streets and roads................................. Water and sewerage.................. ......... Miscellaneous............................. ......... 14,986 23,387 3,858 282 1,539 143,611 $11,157,564 16,182,923 $0.689 $14,103,555 11,344 96 28,188 64,357 917,788 4,486 3,395,771 2,667,500 1,067,106 8,405 4,129,662 5,153,450 .860 .534 .822 .518 1,917,269 2,337 2,255,168 4,850,000 14,177 20,421 3,335 231 1,462 1,545, 588 2, 272,382 189,927 16,058 148,064 2, 211,985 2,973,352 384,463 24,909 229, 591 .699 .764 .494 .645 .645 2,300,780 2,549,315 158,546 19,903 50, 237 Non-Federal projects—financed from N . I. R . A. funds A ll p rojects......................................... 113,429 93,200 $7,871, 224 9,417, 231 $0.836 $14,131,553 Building construction— ............... Railroad construction ........................ Streets and roads................................. Water and sewerage............................ Miscellaneous....................................... 53,369 2,629 15,108 35,473 6,850 43,651 2,371 12, 274 29,384 5,520 3,925,481 178,645 890,372 2,408,148 468,578 4,187,658 272, 261 1,254,038 3,031,037 672, 237 .937 .656 .710 .794 .697 7,504,352 33,115 1,597,915 4,093,936 902,235 Non-Federal projects—financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds A ll projects ........................................... 3,331 2,717 $145,347 217,411 $0.669 $444, 254 Building construction........................ Electrification...................................... H eavy engineering.............................. Reclamation______________________ 1,280 34 49 6 1,042 24 35 6 51,790 1,678 1,280 78 80,120 2,525 1, 290 116 .646 .665 .992 .672 173,069 10,416 215 R iver, harbor, and flood control___ Streets and roads................................. W ater and sewerage............................ Miscellaneous...................................... 17 1,114 703 128 15 866 635 94 329 56,857 26,078 7,257 640 79,695 43,952 9,073 .514 .713 .593 .800 75,750 171, 78Q 13,024 i M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. a Includes weekly average for public roads. * Includes pay-roll data for 91 wage earners employed on Federal housing projects financed from Emer gency Relief Appropriation A ct, 1935. 4 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads. * N ot available; average number included in total. Compared with October, the number of employees engaged on Federal construction projects decreased by approximately 30,000 in November. Losses in employment occurred in six of the various types of projects. Small increases in the number of workers employed were registered on forestry, naval vessel, and building-constraction projects. Public-road projects showed the most marked decrease in employ ment during the month. Hourly earnings for all projects averaged 69 cents. 26 Employment on non-Federal-construction projects financed under the National Industrial Recovery Act declined in November. All types of projects except the miscellaneous group showed fewer workers employed in November than in October. Nearly half of the total number of employees were engaged on building-construction projects. Average hourly earnings ranged from a high of 94 cents on building-construction projects to a low of 66 cents onrailroadconstruction work. On non-Federal projects financed under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, there was an increase of 2,147 in the number of workers employed in November. Employment on heavy engineering work; reclamation projects; river,harbor and flood-control work; and miscellaneous projects is shown for the first time. Over two-thirds of the total number of employees were engaged on buildingconstruction work and street and road projects. Earnings per*hour for all projects averaged 67 cents and ranged from 99 cents on heavyengineering projects to 51 cents on river, harbor, and flood-control work. Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on constructions projects financed by Public Works funds in November are shown in table 11, by geographic divisions. Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Public Works Funds, November 1935 [Subject to revision] W age earners Geographic division M axi m um number em ployed 1 W eekly average M on th ly pay-roll disburse ments Num ber of man-hours Average earn worked ings per during hour m onth Value of material orders placed during month Federal projects—financed from N . I. R . A . funds A ll divisions........ .............. ................. 150,871 16,182,923 $0. 689 2$14,103, 555 New England 3___............... ................ M id d le A tla n tic3___________ East North C entral3_____________ W est North Central_______________ South A tla n tic................................. . 9,529 20,044 19,467 16,011 28, 080 143,611 $11,157,564 9,193 19,205 18,175 15,178 26, 598 897,100 1,944,000 1, 323,541 697,750 2,024,345 1,119,526 2,481,436 1, 784,358 1, 285. 689 ' 3,014,041 .801 .783 .742 .543 .672 474, 633 1, 215,152 1,062,722 517,690 2, 021,195 East South Central_______________ W est South Central........................ ... M ou n tain .________ _____ __________ Pacific.......... .............. .......................... Outside continental United States.. 20, 560 12, 083 12, 368 10,409 2, 320 19,828 11,856 11, 643 9, 796 2,138 1,382, 263 422, 232 1, 282, 585 1,069,876 113,872 2,305,625 911,619 1, 790,408 1,257, 523 232, 698 .600 .463 .716 .851 .489 1, 644,867 141,130 1,179,823 873,090 123, 253 1 Maxim um number employed during any one week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects. 2 Includes $4,850,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public-road projects which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. 3 Includes pay-roll data for wage earners employed on Federal housing projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, 1935 funds. 27 Table 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Public Works Funds, November 1935— Continued [Subject to revision] Wage earners Geographic division M axi m um number em ployed W eekly average M onthly pay-roll disburse ments Number of Average man-hours earn worked ings per during hour month Value of material orders placed during month Non-Federal projects—financed from N . I. R . A., funds All divisions......................................... 113, 429 93,200 $7,871, 224 9, 417, 231 $0. 836 $14,131,553 New E n g la n d .................. .................. M iddle A tla n tic _________ _________ East North Central................. .......... W est North Central................... ....... South Atlantic................................... - 7, 995 26, 552 20,106 15,881 9, 323 6,577 22,382 16, 421 12, 899 7, 437 539,811 2, 241,081 1, 381, 643 1,082, 620 508,098 677,480 2, 312,266 1, 557, 392 1, 395,883 725, 538 .797 .969 .887 .776 .700 1,320,756 4, 240,170 2,187,186 1,542,055 797, 392 East South Central______ _________ W est South Central—. ....................... M ountain_________________ ______ _______________ _____ P a cific.. Outside continental United States— 4, 383 10, 635 4,842 13, 486 226 3,415 8, 781 3,912 11, 205 171 184, 397 534,877 325,403 1,058,181 15,113 294, 794 866,415 403,978 1,163, 021 20,464 .626 .617 .805 .910 .739 396,761 1, 728, 698 415,840 1, 473, 366 29,329 Non-Federal projects—financed from E. R. A . A . 1935 funds A ll divisions........................................ 3, 331 2, 717 $145,347 217,411 $0. 669 $444,254 N ew E n gla n d .................................... M iddle Atlantic___________________ East North Central........................... W est North Central........................... South Atlantic.................................... 447 244 518 971 606 356 197 417 802 514 18,101 12,253 27,725 48,058 16, 313 33, 202 13,239 27,810 77,193 33, 716 .545 .926 .997 .623 .484 69,947 18,443 52, 538 95,780 82,043 East South Central............................. W est South Central............................ Mountain—. ..................................... ... Pacific.......... ......................................... Outside continental United States . 169 122 226 128 98 182 3,297 4, 675 13, 207 7,016 6,081 16,977 .470 .769 .778 37,490 24,901 49,760 28 23 1,718 2,177 .789 13,352 All geographic divisions showed decreased employment in November for both Federal and non-Federal projects financed under the National Industrial Recovery Act. On Federal projects the greatest number of employees was in the South Atlantic States; on non-Federal projects, the Middle Atlantic States had the largest number of workers em ployed. The highest average earnings per hour, 97 cents, is shown for workers engaged on non-Federal projects in the Middle Atlantic States. On non-Federal projects financed under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, all geographic divisions registered gains in employment in November. The West North Central States with 971 employees had more workers than any of the geographic areas. Average earnings per hour ranged from $1 in the East North Central States to 47 cents in the East South Central region. Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during November in railway car and locomotive shops on projects financed by the Public Works Administration fund are shown in table 12, by geographic divisions. 28 Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway Car and Locomotive Shops on Work Financed From Public Works Administration Funds, November 1935 [Subject to revision] Num ber of wage earners Geographic division Maxim um Semi m onthly number em ployed1 average A ll divisions, railroad and com mercial shops__________________ 3,480 (2) M onthly pay-roll disburse ments $338,731 N um ber of man-hours Average earnings worked during per hour month 499,999 $0.677 Value of material orders placed during m onth (2) Bailroad shops A ll divisions................................ . N ew England___________________ M id d le A tlantic_________________ East North Central...................... East South Central_____________ 2,510 2,395 $206,828 294,031 $0.703 $272,322 447 696 390 977 447 668 334 946 53,163 33,494 26,984 93,187 72,774 49,315 39,134 132,808 .731 .679 .700 .702 14,744 101,992 47,609 107,977 Commercial shops A ll divisions.................................... 970 (2) $131,903 205,968 $0. 640 (2) M iddle A tlantic..... ................ ......... East North Central_____ _______ W est North Central..... .......... ....... South Atlantic________ ______ East South Central................. ....... W est South Central........................ 33 475 22 326 62 52 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 3,678 84,536 4,326 31,361 3,990 4,012 5,475 122,992 7,696 52,110 9,480 8,215 .672 .687 .562 .602 .421 .488 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) i M axim um number employed during either semimonthly period b y each shop, a Data not available. Compared with October, there was a gain of 856 in the number of workers employed during November in railway-car and locomotive shops on work financed from Public Works Administration funds. Monthly trend E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects from the beginning of the program in July 1933 to November 1935 are shown in table 13. 29 Table 13.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to November 1935, Inclusive, on Projects Financed From Public Works Funds [Subject to revision] Maxim um number of wage earners i Year and month July 1933 to Novem ber 1935, inclusive. M onthly pay-roll disburse ments Num ber of man-hours worked during month $579,068,281 934,995,998 Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during m onth $0.619 $1,076,789,330 1988 J u ly............................................................. August........................................................ September................................................. October...................................................... N ovem ber.................................................. December.................................................. 267 4,719 39,535 146,747 255, 512 300,758 26,433 131,937 1,784,996 6,353,835 11,552, 547 13,091, 587 35,217 206,990 3,296,162 12,029,751 21, 759, 245 24,391,546 .751 .637 .542 .528 .531 .537 (2) 2 202,100 1,628,537 3 23,351,150 24,568,577 25,702,750 1984 January...................................................... February.................................................... M arch.......................... ............................. April........................................................... M a y............................................................ June............................................................ 298,069 311,381 307,274 382,220 506,056 610, 752 12,646,241 14,348,094 14,113,247 18,785,405 25,942,387 33,808,429 23,409,908 26,544,346 25,501,446 32,937, 649 46,052,698 59,873,309 .540 .541 .553 .570 .563 .565 24,206,352 25,269,537 4 69,766,559 4 68,526,223 < 50,468,427 4 60,797,939 J u l y . ........................................................ August........................................................ September................................................. October....................................................... Novem ber.................................................. December................................................... 644,729 629,907 575,655 527,883 503,985 410,236 34,845,461 36.480,027 32, 758,795 30,263,279 30, 664,356 23, 655,422 60, 736, 768 61,925,300 53,427,096 47,910,342 49,004,023 36,238, 781 .574 .589 .613 .632 .625 .653 * 53,377,997 4 54,192,443 4 50,878,000 4 51,756,945 55,044,382 4 45,766,286 1985 January. ................................................... February.................................................... M arch......................................................... April........................................................... M a y............................................................ June............................................................ 304, 723 272,273 281,461 333,045 394,875 414,306 18,462,677 16,896,475 17,400,798 20,939,741 24,490,087 25,386, 962 27,478,022 25,144,558 26,008,063 31,387,712 36,763,164 38,800,178 .672 .672 .669 .667 .667 .654 4 30,746,857 29,264,484 27,276,566 31,645,166 4 36,893,840 4 42,017,642 July............................................................. August........................................................ September.................................................. October....................................................... Novem ber.................................................. 405,332 394,509 344,520 308,632 271, 111 24,968,785 25,292,656 22,772,317 21,692,439 19,512,866 37,845,047 37,133,989 32,478,773 30,358,351 26,317,564 .660 .681 .701 .715 .741 41,936,424 46,954,714 4 40,988,896 34,608,853 28,951,684 i Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-roads projects. * Orders placed for materials during July and August 1933, with exception of public-roads projects in cluded in October 1933. 3 Includes orders for materials placed for naval vessels prior to October 1933. * Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment. Since the beginning of the Public Works Program, pay-roll dis bursements have amounted to approximately $580,000,000 and the value of material orders placed has been in excess of $1,076,000,000. Earnings per hour have averaged 62 cents and nearly 935,000,000 man-hours of employment have been provided at the construction site. T h e Works Program M o r e than 1,225,000 workers were employed at the site of con struction projects financed by The Works Program during Novem ber.1 Compared with the previous month this is an increase of 593,000 in the number of employees. Pay-roll disbursements for November were in excess of $50,000,000. i When the month of November is referred to in this section, it may be accepted as meaning the month ending Nov. 15. 30 A detailed record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed by The Works Program in November is given in table 14, by type of project. Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program, November 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners T yp e of project M axim um W eekly number aver em p loyed 1 age M onthly pay-roll disburse ments N um ber of A ver age man-hours earn worked ings during per month hour Value of material orders placed during m onth Federal projects $0.445 $9,214,916 Building construction............................... Electrification............................... ........... Forestry............ ................... ....................... Grade-crossing elimination...................... H eavy engineering ............... ................... . Hydroelectric power plants. ...... ......... Plant, crop, and livestock Conservation- 25,910 394 21,090 2,642 61 496 22, 584 23,916 353 19,976 2,132 58 393 17, 790 1,309,168 16,680 1, 098,173 113,130 3,968 9,908 799, 637 2, 689,848 44,106 3, 250,914 250,430 6,474 63, 061 2,364, 793 .487 .378 .338 .452 .613 .157 .338 807, 517 68, 725 800,199 237, 037 4, 524: 708,819 463,888 Professional, technical, and clerical____ Public roads....................... ........................ Reclam ation______________ ___________ River, harbor, and flood control........ . Streets and roads______________________ Water and sewerage............. ............. ....... M iscellaneous....................... ................... 6,632 15, 776 24,107 33, 998 7,160 1,001 6, 383 6, 632 12, 699 23,697 31, 111 6, 704 911 5,862 468,195 '644, 507 1,030, 297 2, 245, 588 335,840 38, 583 277,907 764, 035 1, 557,991 2, 525, 551 3,880,391 717, 600 101, 706 653,899 .613 .414 .408 .579 .468 .379 .425 47,194 647, 256 1,836,164 2, 751, 756 231, 970 26,451 583, 416 All projects................................................. 168,234 152, 234 $8,391,581 18,870, 799 Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration All projects.................................................. 231,057,160 $41, 767, 538 89,156,008 Conservation....... .............. ...................... Highway, road, and street ....................... H o u s in g -................ ........................ .......... Professional, technical, and clerical____ Public building---------- ---------- --------------Publicly owned or operated utilities 62,523 428,886 12,258 56,860 84,567 78,196 1,962, 387 4,851, 294 14, 618,148 35,175, 665 ■ -258,671 361, 285 3, 395, 701 5, 031,663 4,486,321 7,379,902 2,666,999 5,828,405 .405 .416 .716 .675 .608 .458 987,127 6,893, 647 16, 275 103,284 1,905,374 1,821,740 Recreational facilities 6.......................... . . Rural electrification and electric utili t ie s - ............................. ........................... Sanitation and health_________ ________ Sewing, canning, gardening, etc..........._ Transportation........... ................................ N ot elsewhere classified......................... 171, 291 9, 524, 790 17, 241,113 .552 2,140,166 83, 262 4, 343,998 4, 459,162 1,494,477 2,905, 782 .480 .353 .305 .476 .415 30,256 123, 535 205, 519 304,442 304,981 1,155 44, 781 65, 713 17, 745 41,003 39,959 1, 534, 841 1,361,397 711, 764 1, 206, 560 10. 468 *$14,836,346 1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Governm ent agency doing force-account work. 2 This total differs from the sum of the individual items since 7,818 employees worked on more than one type of project. 3 Represents number of workers on the pay roll during month ending N ovem ber 15. During week ending N ovem ber 30 there were nearly 2,500,000 workers employed on projects operated b y W . P. A. * Value of material orders placed during the month ending N ov. 30, 1935. 8 Exclusive of electric utilities. ®Exclusive of buildings. The number of workers employed on Federal projects increased by nearly 40,000 in November. All types of projects except heavy engineering shared in the gain. Hydroelectric power-plant projects shown for the first time in November employed 496 workers. The most marked increase in the number of workers employed was regis tered on river, harbor, and flood-control work. Earnings for all projects averaged 45 cents per hour. 31 In comparison with October the number of workers employed during November on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration increased by 554,000. Employment showed marked gains on every type of project. Highway, road, and street work and recreational-facility projects accounted for more than half of the total number of employees. Average hourly earnings were highest on housing projects and lowest on sewing, canning, and gardening work. A comparison by geographic divisions of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in November on projects financed by The Works Program is given in table 15. Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program, November 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners Geographic division Maxim um W eekly number average em p loyed 1 M onthly pay-roll disburse ments Number of man-hours Average worked earnings during per hour month Value of material orders placed during month Federal projects A ll divisions2. . . ............................ . 168,234 152, 234 $0.445 $9,214,916 New England................................ M iddle Atlantic............................. . East North Central........ ............. . West North Central....... ............ . South Atlantic...... ........................ . 10, 538 24,132 20,803 18,082 30,858 8,846 22,133 18, 269 16,173 29, 286 1,391,581 .482 .557 .467 .479 .346 328,144 1,009,764 1,025,966 868,131 878,675 East South Central_____________ West South Central............. .......... M ountain_______ _______________ Pacific................... ............. ........... . Outside continental United States............. ................................ 8,184 8, 631 22,089 19,856 7, 554 7,833 19,973 17, 570 .328 .330 .518 .436 144,243 157,188 487,454 2,094,452 5,029 4, 565 .239 802,019 18,870,799 477,907 Projects operated b y the Works Progress Administration A ll divisions.............. 31,057,160 $41, 767, 538 89,156,008 New England........... M iddle Atlantic____ East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic_____ 30,368 358,778 263,412 72,122 121, 223 908,628 22,438, 214 9,144,325 1, 870,895 2, 348,979 2,038,311 35,015,075 20,494, 430 4, 623, 432 9, 538, 248 .446 .641 .446 .405 .246 East South Central. W est South Central. M ountain__________ Pacific........ ................ 76,199 59, 279 37, 961 37,818 1, 520, 540 1,331,651 1,117, 659 1, 086, 647 6, 943,017 5, 631, 610 2, 664,304 2,207, 581 .219 .236 .419 .492 $0.468 <$14,836,346 1 M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes data for 32 wage earners and material orders placed valued at $1,418,880, for which a distribution b y geographic division is not available. 3 Represent number of workers on the pay roll during month ending N ovem ber 15. During week ending N ovem ber 30 there were nearly 2,500,000 workers em ployed on projects operated b y W . P. A. * Value of material orders placed during the month ending Novem ber 30, 1935, for which a distribution b y geographic division is not available. Gains in employment were registered in all geographic divisions on both Federal projects and projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. More than 58 percent of the workers employed on 32 projects operated by the Works Progress Administration were located in the Middle Atlantic and East North Central States. Monthly trend T he monthly trend of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed by The Works Program from the begin ning of the program in July 1935 to November 1935 is shown in table 16. Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July to November 1935, Inclusive, on Projects Financed by The Works Program [Subject to revision] Maxim um M on th ly pay-roll number em ployed1 disburse ments M onth and year N um ber of A ver man-hours age worked earn during ings per month hour Value of material orders placed during m onth Federal projects July to N ovem ber 1935, inclusive................. ......... J u l y ____ ________________________ ____________ August __ ______________________ _____________ September_____________________________________ October________________________________________ Novem ber.... ........................................... ................... 5,131 32,672 76,524 129,064 168,234 $19,882,206 43,751,238 276,839 1,215,990 3,754,773 6, 243,023 8,391,581 603,318 2,791,802 7,815,795 13, 669, 524 18,870, 799 $0.454 $24,858,780 .456 .436 .480 .457 .445 164,004 1,684,347 4,071,945 9,723,568 9,214,916 1 Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration August to Novem ber 1935, inclusive................... 113,299 A ugust________________________________________ 259,315 September_____________________________________ 502,876 October________________ ______ _________________ N ovem ber_____________________________________ 1, 057,160 $79,992,206 170,028,165 3,291,324 11,728, 579 23, 204, 765 41,767, 538 5,977,766 24,517, 735 50,376,656 89,156,008 $0.470 $28,364,089 .551 .478 .461 .468 3, 202,136 2,089,324 2 8,236,283 14,836,346 1 Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Revised. Since the beginning of The Works Program, pay-roll disbursements have amounted to nearly $100,000,000 and the value of material orders placed has exceeded $53,000,000. Approximately 214,000,000 man-hours of employment have been provided at the site of construc tion. Emergency **Work Program T he number of workers engaged on the emergency-work program during the week of November 28 totaled 100,388. Compared with the week ending October 31, this is a decrease of approximately 270,827 workers. Pay rolls decreased 64 percent, dropping from more than $3,358,000 for the week ending October 31 to less than $1,212,000 for the week ending November 28. (See table 17.) 33 Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work Program, Weeks Ending October 31, and November 28 [Subject to revision] Number of employees week ending— Amount of pay roll week ending— Geographic division N ov. 28 Pet. 31 N ov. 28 Oct. 31 All d iv is io n s --:--- ..--- —- ...... ....................... ....... 100,388 371, 215 $1,211,423 $3,358,849 N ew E ngland._____ __________________________ M iddle A t l a n t i c : ______ _______________ East North Central___________________________ W est North Central-------- -------------- ---------------South A tla n tic..- ___________________________ 45,960 26,188 7,116 1,694 6,802 113, 468 59,301 11,926 32,924 70,118 574,835 325,052 80,754 23, 517 67,055 1, 337,169 754,994 132,678 198,716 402,139 EastfSouth Central____ _______________________ W est South Central----------------------------------------M ountain___________________ ________________ Pacific....... —__________________________________ 666 4, 388 2, 525 5,049 16,395 51,891 7,1.16 8,076 4,938 30, 634 32,458 72,180 74,905 270,201 73,619 114,428 All geographic divisions showed losses in the number of workers employed. The New England States with 67,508 fewer workers for the week ending November 28 showed the most pronounced decrease. The monthly record of the number employed and pay-roll disburse ments of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration from the beginning of the program through November 1935 is given in table 18. Table 18 —:Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work Program, April 1934 through November 1935 M onth Num ber of employees Am ount of pay roll 1984 A pril................ M a y .......... June_________ 1,089,762 1, 362,014 1, 504,838 $38, 416,747 42, 669,240 42, 423, 574 J uly..... ........... August—........; September___ O ctober.......... N ovem ber___ December—.. . 1,725,466 1,924,066 1,950,108 1,996,822 2,159,038 2,324,894 47, 352,424 54, 914, 792 50, 288,868 53, 901,325 62, 833, 046 62, 335, 691 M onth N um ber of employees 1985 January______ February____ M arch_______ April................ M a y _________ June...... .......... 2,472,091 2,459,730 2,402,018 2,308,838 2, 228,546 2,021,060 $71,683,578 ;, 621, 526 62,!, 1 865,956 62,! !, 344,399 1 740 64.I, 559, 54.1 , 382,876 July....... .......... August______ September___ October______ N ovem ber___ 1,928,772 1,411,350 883,968 644,639 343,695 136,833 977,577 147,711 785,219 253,626 Amount of pay roll The decline in employment and pay rolls on the emergency-work program continued in November. According to preliminary figures, the estimated number of workers employed during the month was 343,695. This does not mean, however, that during any given week this total was reached. Because of the fact that a limit is placed on the earnings of employees, not more than 70 percent of the total worked at any one time. Emergency Conservation W ork E m p l o y m e n t in Civilian Conservation Camps showed a moderate decline in November. Compared with the previous month, there was & decrease of 6,692 in the number of workers employed. (See table 34 19.) Losses in employment occurred in all groups of workers with the exception of educational advisers. Table 19.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work, October and November 1935 Num ber of employees Am ount of pay rolls Group Novem ber October Novem ber October All groups.......................................... ....................... 643,958 550,650 $23,957,751 $24,830, 752 Enrolled personnel............................................. Reserve officers....... ................................................ Educational advisers1......... .............................. .. Supervisory and technical2............. ............ ......... 480,140 9,607 2,227 3 51,984 480,145 9,754 2,224 « 58,527 14,994,771 2,013,114 381,297 3 6,568,569 14,994,927 2,448,401 380,259 4 7,007,165. * Included in executive service table. * Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers. 3 44,394 employees and pay roll of $6,037,214 included in executive service table. * 44,755 employees and pay roll of $6,209,893 included in executive service table. The employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation workers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed as follows: 5 percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remaining 87 percent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are provided with board, clothing, and medical services. Construction Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation E m p l o y m e n t and pay rolls on projects financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation increased during November. These projects provided employment for 9,793 workers in November as compared with 9,192 employees in October. Pay-roll disbursements of $1,001,000 were nearly $50,000 greater than in October. Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor poration during November are given in table 20, by type of project. Table 20.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation by Type of Project, November 1935 [Subject to revision] T yp e of project Number of wage earners M onthly pay-roll disburse ments N umber of man-hours worked during month All projects........ .............. .......... .................... 9,793 $1,001,408 1,344,234 Bridges___________ ____________ __________ Building construction______ ______________ Reclamation_____________________________ Water and sewerage______________________ M iscellaneous....................—............ - ............ 1,920 69 91 6,720 993 193,671 6,581 7,789 691,810 101,557 198,429 8,790 16,335 969,513 151,167 Average earnings per hour j Value of material orders placed during month $0,745 .976 . 749 .477 ! .714 .672 $1,411,338 469,538 11,805 1,424 897,1601 31,411 35 Employment declined during the month on all types of projects except water and sewerage work. On these projects a substantial gain was registered in November. Average hourly earnings ranged from 98 cents for bridge construction work to 48 cents for reclama tion projects. The number of employees, the amounts of pay rolls, and manhours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation in November are shown in table 21, by geographic divisions. Table 21.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Recon struction Finance Corporation, by Geographic Division, November 1935 [Subject to revision] Geographic division A ll divisions_____ _ _____________ _____ M iddle Atlantic_____ _________________ __ East North Central......... . ___ __________ West North Central______ __ _________ _ W est South Central ______________ M ountain_______________________________ Pacific_____ _____________________________ Number of wage earners 9,793 10 238 14 156 91 9,284 Value of material orders placed during month M onthly pay-roll disburse ments Number of man-hours worked during month $1,001,408 1,344,234 $0.745 $1,411,338 950 17,108 1,570 26,000 1,145 15, 265 3,334 30,143 16, 335 1,278,012 .830 5,740 28,700 7, 789 947,991 Average earnings per hour 1.121 .471 .863 .477 .742 2,879 1,424 1,372, 595 A substantial gain in employment in November occurred in the Pacific States. All other geographic divisions except the West South Central States showed losses in the number of workers em ployed. Average earnings per hour were highest in the East North Central region and lowest in the West North Central region. Const ruction Projects Financed From Regular Governmental Appropriations A m o d e r a t e increase occurred during November in the number of workers employed at the site of construction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations. Compared with the previous month, the gain in employment was 8 percent. Pay-roll disbursements, on the other hand, were $116,000 less in November than in October. Whenever a construction contract is awarded or force-account work is started by a department or agency of the Federal Govern ment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified on forms supplied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the con tractor, the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be performed. Blank forms are then mailed by the Bureau to the con tractor or Government agency doing the work. These reports are returned to the Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts disbursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on 36 the project, and the value of the different types of materials for which orders were placed during the month. The following tables present data concerning construction projects on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to that date. Detailed statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in November on construction projects financed from direct appro priations made to the various Federal departments and agencies are shown in table 22, by type of project. Table 22*— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, November 1935 Number of wage earners T yp e of project Maximum W eekly number em p loyed 1 average M on th ly pay-roll disburse ments Num ber of manhours worked during month Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month A ll projects............................................... 2 63,912 60,372 $4,077,395 6,559,665 Building construction............................ Naval vessels........................................... Public roads 3.......................................... Reclamation............................................ 6,788 10,330 (<) 430 5,294 10,104 30,086 402 420,381 1,190,153 1,552,537 45,087 545,167 1,429,180 2,669,005 61,337 . 771 .833 .582 .735 1,193,559 1,851,942 2,822,900 15,364 River, harbor, and flood control.......... Streets and roads................ ................... Water and sewerage_____ ______ ____ Miscellaneous.......................................... 11,501 3,331 6 1,440 10,234 2,976 5 1,271 652,633 137,003 225 79,376 1,391,911 334,170 210 128,685 .469 .410 1.071 .617 589,009 135,653 127 81,851 $0,622 $6,690,405 1 Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes weekly average for public roads. 8 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads. * N ot available; average number included in total. Four of the various types of projects showed gains in employment during November. Naval vessel construction with 2,001 more workers employed in November than in October registered the most pronounced increase. The greatest number of man-hours worked during the month, 2,669,005, was on public-road projects. Average hourly earnings ranged from $1.07 on water and sewerage work to 41 cents on street and road projects. Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in November on construction projects financed from regular govern mental appropriations are given in table 23, by geographic divisions. 37 Table 23.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed From Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Geographic Division, November 1935 Num ber of wage earners M axi m um number em ployed 1 Geographic division W eekly average M onthly pay-roll disburse ments Number of manhours worked during month 60,372 $4,077,395 6,559,665 Average earnings per hour Value o f material orders placed during month A ll divisions.............................. . .................... 63,912 N ew England............................................ . M iddle Atlantic............................................. East North Central____ __________ _____ West North Central____________________ South A tla n tic ..._______ ________ _____ 6,367 7,889 7,325 9,079 8,071 6,101 7,257 7,072 8,735 7, 665 551,641 628,413 376,080 363,994 677,478 801,297 842,207 607,085 706,104 975,587 $0.622 2$6,690,405 .688 .746 .619 .515 .694 528,185 855,444 128,041 188,880 684,746 East South Central__________ __________ W est South Central____________ _________ M ountain____ __________________________ Pacific........ ............ ..................... ................. Outside continental United States............. 4,151 8,560 6,991 4,898 581 3,979 7,356 6,889 4, 772 546 187,370 356,561 471,537 423,489 40,832 482,781 782,650 719,667 563, 241 79,046 .388 .456 .655 .752 .517 194,582 527,049 80,403 659,380 20,795 i Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public roads. a Includes $2,822,900 estimated value of orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. Compared with October, seven of the geographic divisions registered employment gains in November. The West South Central States had the most pronounced increase for the month. The West North Central States, on the other hand, showed the largest loss in the number of workers employed. The West North Central States, with 9,079 workers, had more employees than any of the geographic divi sions. Hourly earnings during the month were the highest in the Pacific region. Material Orders Placed Since the beginning of the Public Works Administration pro gram, orders have been placed for materials valued at more than $1,076,000,000 (table 24). Of this amount, $267,000,000 has been expended for iron and steel products, $138,000,000 for cement, $57,000,000 for forest products, and $202,000,000 for machinery. On The Works Program, which began in July 1935, material orders placed have been in excess of $52,000,000. Previous sections of this report have shown the number of workers employed at the site of construction projects financed from Federal funds. The direct em ployment, however, is only a partial picture, as the manufacture of the materials used on the projects also creates a large amount of employment. It is estimated that in fabricating the materials listed in table 24, approximately 3,997,000 man-months of labor have been or will be created. This includes only the labor required in the fabrication of material in the form in which it is to be used. No estimate is made of the labor required in producing the raw material or in transporting 38 it to the point of manufacture. In manufacturing structural steel, for example, the only labor included is that occurring in the fabricating mills. No estimate is made for the labor created in mining, smelting, and transporting the ore; nor for the labor in the blast furnaces, the open-hearth furnaces, and the blooming mills. The information concerning man-months of labor created in fabri cating materials is obtained by sending a questionnaire to each firm receiving an award for materials to be financed from Federal or State funds. The manufacturer is requested to make an estimate of the number of man-hours created in his plant in manufacturing the mate rials specified in the contract. For materials purchased directly by contractors, the Bureau estimates the man-months of labor created. This estimate is based upon the findings of the Census of Manufactures for 1933. Table 24.— Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed by Federal Funds From the Beginning of the Programs to Nov. 15, 1935 Projects T yp e of material Total Public W orks Administion R econ struction Finance Corpora tion 1 T he W orks Program Regular govern mental * All materials____ _____ _______ $1,226,923,619 $1,076,789,330 $46,638,601 $50,551,848 Textiles and their products____ Awnings, tents, canvas, etc_. Carpets and rugs— ................ Cordage and twine__________ Cotton g ood s........................... Felt goods......... ........................ 1,526, 227, 57, 335, 241, 177, Jute goods....... ......................... L inoleum _____________ _____ Sacks and bags— .................... Upholstering materials, n.e.c. W aste........................................ 231, 30, 128, 27, Forest products.......................... . Cork products.......................... Creosote............................ ........ Lum ber and timber products, n. e. c . .................................... Planing-mill products............. W indow and door screens and weatherstrip. __............. •Chemicals and allied products. Am m unition and related products. ............................... Chemicals, miscellaneous___ Compressed and liquified gases........................................ E xplosives-.............................. Paints and varnishes............. . See footnotes at end of table. 100,468 1,286 27,790 1,206 52,075 2,170 57, 278, 152, 173, 7,788 86,947 4,447 16,263 1,567 31 32, 651 512 222, 8,584 29, 128, 26, 56,668, 1 139 1, 637,609 2,168,437 2,409,331 83,287,250 175, 540, 2,508 5,715 23 2,970 14 54,645, 7,408, 48,984, 6,865, 1,629,601 5,500 1,804,567 358,050 2,226,421 179,566 82 360 1,481,760 421,180 325,924 103, 103,446 9,147,924 1,077,041 349,708 1,076,649 341,706 410,529 6,297, 214 3,787,908 310,035 4,679,687 2,739,847 4,S 78,499 1,365,079 38,182 5,172 144,928 266, 217 (4) 46 14,344 647 487 1,130 186, 540, I h m , 400 Operated by W . P. A.3 :, 579,751 $28,364,089 1,345, 68, i, 171, 526 Federal construc tion 545,612 392 3,139 16,823 107, 520 198,050 545,612 39 Table 24.— Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed by Federal Funds From the Beginning of the Programs to Nov. 15,. 1935— Continued Projects T yp e of material Total Public Works Administion Recon struction Finance Corpora tion 1 The W orks Program Regular govern mental 2 Federal construc tion Stone, clay, and glass products. $351,815,071 $316,812,746 $5,891,811 $10,325,538 $8,328,458 Asbestos products, n. e. c ........ 73,931 Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products......................... 19,407,719 Cement.......................... ............ 154,786,754 Concrete p r o d u c t s ................ 27,094,458 Crushed stone........................... 45,308,593 Glass........................................... 1,297, 736 Lim e— ....................................... 209, 673 Marble, granite, slate, and other stone p rod u cts........... 20,010, 793 Minerals and earths, ground 124,418 or otherwise treated............. Sand and g ra v e l...................... 75,803,736 Tiling, floor and wall, and ter3,013,341 razzo__________ ___________ Wall plaster, wall board, in sulating board, and floor composition............................ 3,973,566 Iron and steel and their prod ucts, not including machin ery.................. ......................... «318, 621,925 Bolts, nuts, washers, etc_____ 3,490,144 Cast-iron pipe and fittings___ 24,892, 536 Doors, shutters, and window sash and frames, molding and trim (m etal)___________ 7, 572,936 Firearms...................... .............. 813,468 Forgings, iron and steel_____ 6,435,457 Hardware, miscellaneous____ 7,976,846 Heating and ventilating equipm ent-........................... 15,199,148 1,201, 569 Nails and spikes.................... . Rail fastenings, excluding spikes....................................... 5,844,176 Rails, steel................................ 20,297, 743 Springs, steel............................. 611,910 Steel works and rolling mill products, n. e. c ...................... 94,944,871 Stoves and ranges, other than 374,678 electric-........................ .......... Structural and reinforcing s te e l............ ........................... 108,457,536 724,827 Switches, railway..................... Tools, other than machine to o ls........................................ 7,328,432 8,564,152 Wire products, n. e. c _______ 2,963,369 W rought pipe............................ Nonferrous metals and their products............................ . Aluminum manufactures....... Copper products...................... Lead products........................... Nonferrous-metal alloys and products, n. e. c . ................... Sheet-metal work...................... Zinc products........................... See footnotes at end of table. 73,805 Operated by W . P.A.8 >$10,456,518 126 16,909,601 138,055,495 23,435,847 • 41,250,181 1,210,948 196,079 370,074 2,914,006 1,868,075 44,868 3,157 8,850 519,744 4,302,019 456,077 1,514,153 59, 701 2,202 161,332 6,322,606 250,698 422,167 23,930 2,542 18, 753,441 1,446,968 3,192,628 1,083,761 2,077,224 139,415 735,933 382,004 117,881 70,281, 610 507 534, 769 6,030 2,472,144 2,808, 297 6,857 85,355 112,832 3,719, 561 1,740 172,180 80,085 266,839,483 26,871,613 15,612,437 4, 226,715 «5 ,071,677 74,667 227,401 1,505,957 1,945,584 3,274,124 22,449,606 11,408 492, 503 6,987, 622 813, 5,453, 6,511, 15,809 528,034 41,471 12,821 878,258 811, 208 354,856 158, 398 232,614 14,133,926 1,106,098 81,447 475 622, 649 39,054 196,228 55,942 5,840, 7 20,211,4 611,8 49,079 45 12,760 3,343 24,408 51 69,560,0 20,172,387 4,412,482 799,983 372.7 129,945 217,069 300 1,634 164,898 94,599,3 721.8 3,411,316 7,886,809 1, 214,205 2,939 1,345,843 5,322,6 6,118,4 2, 751,2 96,203 1,649,907 187,055 381,652 28, 519 595,632 414,171 183,628 1,126,852 8,606,159 5,783,243 2,170,212 484,398 168,306 345,152 2,941,849 280,044 300,427 729,161 274,004 2,087,462 1,212 44,725 110,886 4,401 14,340 427 1,546,648 3,433,403 59,063 1,394,811 3,025,779 59,061 81,538 146,074 178,312 5,763 147,774 2 (<) 40 Table 24.— Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed by Federal Funds From the Beginning of the Programs to Nov. 15, 1935— Continued. Projects T yp e of material Total Public W orks Administion -Machinery, not including transportation equipm ent.. *$227,382,914 $202,440,303 Electrical machinery, appa ratus, and supplies________ Elevators and elevator equip m ent....................................... Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels_________ F oundry and machine-shop products, n. e. c._ ................. M achine tools........................... Meters (gas, water, etc.) and gas generators_______ _____ P u m p s a n d p u m p in g equipm ent________________ Refrigerators and refrigerat ing and ice-making appa ratus—. ................................... Transportation equipment, air, land, and w ater................. Federal construc tion 15,333,327 $14,697,832 $4,026,021 49,339,415 1,403,909 2,460,019 627,707 2,029,319 1,748,384 4,546 251,741 24,648 23,063,057 17,310,907 124,408,511 6,421,014 111, 992,458 6,203, 517 679,370 678,300 15,311, 063 14,071,066 1,156,003 1,096,256 6,682,956 5, 764, 705 5, 086,400 5,764, 705 5,086,400 1,397,152 32,408 1, 376, 201 31, 348 11, 818,333 6,851, 576 274,395 535, 622 9, 779, 219 36,646,466 11, 818,333 6,837,076 274,395 519,854 9,005,435 36,646,466 R ailw ay cars, passenger.. 429,443 8,893,300 429,443 8, 893,300 M iscellaneous.. .................... 153,368, 601 131,068,105 Belting, miscellaneous............ C o a l.____ ___________ _____ _ Electric wiring and fixtures.. Furniture, including store and office fixtures................. In stru m en ts, professional and scientific________ _____ Mattresses and bed springs... M odels and patterns____ ___ Paper products______________ Paving materials and mix tures, n. e. c......................... . Petroleum products............. . Photographic apparatus and materials............................... . Plumbing.supplies, n. e. c___ R adio apparatus and supplies. Roofing materials, n. e. c____ R ubber goods.________ ______ Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets........................ . Theatrical scenery and stage equipm ent____ ___________ W indow shades and fixtures Other materials_____________ T he W orks Program Regular govern mental 2 54,226,077 87, 509,019 Aircraft (new )........................... Airplane parts.......................... Boats, steel and wooden (sm all).................................... Carriages and wagons_______ Locom otives, other than steam .............................. ...... Locom otives, steam................ M otorcycles and parts....... . M otor vehicles, passenger___ M otor vehicles, trucks. ......... Railway cars, freight.............. Railw ay cars, mail and ex- Recon struction Finance Corpora tion 1 34,842 2,120, 765 10,948, 4,392,685 4,085,010 5,169,758 582,392 3,880,273 1,968 5,545,024 160, f “ 2, 588,852 54,643 260 810 42,631 1,050,550 146,816 59, 594 153 58,206 540,820 4, 742 1,060 16,209 145,557 218,872 13,235,040 980,077 4,389,442 630, 365 e $885,431 395,027 401,904 81,480 14,500 15,080 495, 031 81,480 4, 502,101 i,121 145,557 51, 716 52,829 28,007 610 285,129 792,265 164 80,257 382, 598 1,780 22,062 60, 535 34,824 185 1,925,857 76,138 25,042 77,809 22,833,996 38,340,343 Operated by W . P .A .s 205 18,838 582 493 1,179 33, 794 676,573 586,359 2,338,398 216,359 782,965 248,570 4,703 482,108 22,708 293,571 46,429 208,140 33,245 " " " 245,"676 75,448 6,270 1,199,896 1, 081, 087 67,483 37,888 13,438 46, 632 189,464 51, 702,408; 46, 632 183, 484 43,679,667 1,816,983 1, 919,954 5,9 2,334,620 223,298 4,972,417 678,402 210,820 1,951,184 1 Value of orders placed for materials on projects financed from R . F. C. loans5 from 1 M ar. 15, 1934, to N o v . 15, 1935. 2 Value of orders placed for materials on projects financed from R . G. A . from July7 1, 1, 1934, to N ov. 15,1935. 3 Value of orders placed for materials from beginning of program to N ov. 30,1935. 4 Included in “ Other materials.” 8 Includes materials for projects operated b y the W orks Progress Administration which are not classified in detail. « Includes materials in this group which are not classified in detail. 41 The value of material orders placed for use on Federal professional, technical, and clerical projects financed by The Works Program, by type of material, from the beginning of the program, July 1 to Novem ber 15, 1935, is shown below. These figures are subject to revision. Value of materia! orders placed Computing machines_____________________________________ $23, 347 Furniture_________________________________________________ 107, 130 Office supplies_____________________________________________ 51, 745 Stationery_________________________________________________ 38, 237 Typewriters_______________________________________________ 25, 808 Other office machines_____________________________________ 5, 592 Other materials______________________________________ ____ 9, 227 17, 943 Rental of machinery and equipment_____________________ Total____________ __________________________________ 279,029 Furniture, office supplies, and stationery have accounted for more than two-thirds of the total expenditures for materials on professional, technical, and clerical projects. A summary of the man-months of employment created in fabri cating the materials used on the various programs is shown in table 25. Table 25.— Number of Man-Months of Labor Created in Fabrication of Materials Purchased From Federal Funds From be From be ginning of ginning of program to program to N ov. 15, Oct. 15, 1935 1935 Program M onth ending N ov. 15, 1935 T o t a l - - . . . : . . . . . . — ........................................... . 3,997,441 3, 792,117 205,324 Public Works Administration.................................. Reconstruction, Finance Corporation___ ................ Regular governm ental...................;.......................... The W orks Program: Federal construction_______________ ________ Federal professional, technical, and clerical. Operated b y W orks Progress Administration. 3, 520,633 i 142,121 2 159,193 3,424,326 i 136,065 2 137, 531 96,307 6,056 21,662 76,933 1,094 97,467 47,092 921 46,182 29,841 173 51,285 * For period beginning Mar. 15,1934. 2 For period beginning July 1, 1934. State-Road Projects The number of workers employed and the amounts of pay roll for the construction and maintenance of State roads decreased in Novem ber. In comparison with October, employment declined 19.6 percent on new road construction and 5.6 percent on maintenance work. Of the 171,625 employees engaged on these projects during the month, 18.9 percent were employed in the construction of new roads and 81.1 percent in maintenance work. Details concerning employment and pay rolls in building and maintaining State roads in October and November are given in table 26, by geographic divisions. 42 Table 26.—Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads by Geographic Division, October and November 1935 1 M aintenance N ew roads Geographic division N um ber of employees N ovem ber All divisions.. ............... 32,487 N ew England___________ 11,618 1,282 M iddle A tlantic________ East North Central_____ 2,899 W est North Central____ 2,086 South Atlantic__________ 7,347 East South Central_____ 1,947 W est South Central_____ 2,389 853 M ountain.......................... 2,066 Pacific_______ __________ O u tsid e co n tin e n ta l United States. Octo ber A m ount of pay roll N ovem ber October N um ber of employees N ovem ber O cto ber A m ount ol pay roll N ovem ber October 40,390 $1,379,386 $1,811,278 139,138 147,324 $5,776,639 $6,339,021 14,943 1,831 4, 815 3, 704 8,372 1,995 1, 885 901 1,944 540, llo 81,005 158,082 55,914 138, 754 92,798 92,102 51,198 169,438 683,369 129,819 275,651 151,436 190,168 90,377 78,417 68,214 143,827 8,665 32,740 20,044 16,399 27,487 10,073 13,101 5,423 5,040 6,189 33,291 24,493 19,244 27,465 11,504 13,479 6,251 5, 221 558,145 1,175,611 853,741 608,176 871,857 335,058 590,082 331,863 441,469 377,360 1,151,244 1,048,017 712,887 1,051,993 449,142 653,827 440,957 439,368 166 187 10,637 14,22G i Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from public-work fund. The decline in employment on new road construction in November was shared by all geographic divisions except the West South Central and Pacific States. In these 2 divisions 626 more workers were employed in November than in October. Employment in the New England States (11,618) was the highest of any of the geographic divisions. In maintenance work there were 8,186 fewer employees in Novem ber than in the preceding month. Losses in employment occurred in all geographic divisions except New England and the South Atlantic States. The East North Central region, with a loss of 4,449 workers, had the most pronounced decrease in employment for the month. O
@FedFRASER