Full text of Employment and Payrolls : May 1937

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Serial No. R. 589

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner

Employment and Pay Rolls
May 1937

Prepared by

Division of Employment Statistics
LEWIS E. TALBERT, Chief

and

Division of Construction and Public Employment




HERMAN B. BYER, Chief

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1937

CONTENTS
Summary of employment reports for May 1937:
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed reports for May 1937:
Industrial and business employ merit
Public employment

Page
2
6
8
20

Tables
TABLE

TABLE

1.—All manufacturing industries combined and noninanufacturing
industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
May 1937
'___'
I
2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, April and

May 1937__1
TABLE
TABLE

TABLE
TABLE

TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE

TABLE

TABLE
TABLE

TABLE

".

3.—•Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, May 1937
4.—All manufacturing industries combined and the durable- and
nondurable-goods groups—indexes of employment and payrolls, January 1936 to May 1937
5.—Selected nonmanufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, January 1936 to May 1937
6.—Geographic divisions and States—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in April and May
1937__"_
\
7.—Principal cities—comparison of employment and pay rolls in
identical establishments in April and May 1937
8.—Executive service of the Federal Government—emploj'ment
in May 1937, April 1937, and May 1936
9.—-Executive service of the Federal Government—monthly record
of employment from May 1936 to May 1937, inclusive
10.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
May 1937, by type of project
11.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—summary of employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked, from July 1933 to May 1937, inclusive
12.—Projects financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1937, by type of project,
13.—National Youth Administration and Student-Aid projects
financed by The Works Program—employment, pay rolls,
and man-hours worked, May 1937
14.—Projects financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked from the beginning of the program in July 1935 to May 1937, inclusive




(Hi)

5

8
9

14
15

18
20
21
22

22

24
25

26

26

IV
Page

TABLE 15.—National Youth Administration and Student-Aid projects
financed by The Works Program—employment, pay rolls,
and man-hours worked from the beginning of the projects
to May 1937, inclusive
TABLE 16.—Emergency conservation work—employment and pay rolls,
April and May 1937
TABLE 17.—Emergency conservation work—employment and pay rolls
from May 1936 to May 1937, inclusive
TABLE 18.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, May 1937, by type of project
TABLE 19.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—summary of employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked, from May 1936 to May 1937, inclusive
TABLE 20.—Construction projects financed from regular governmental
appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, May 1937, by type of project
TABLE 21.—Construction projects financed from regular governmental
appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, from May 1936 to May 1937, inclusive
TABLE 22.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, from May 1936 to May 1937,
inclusive




27
28
28
29
29
30
31
31

Employment and Pay Rolls

SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR MAY 1937
EMPLOYMENT and pay rolls continued to expand from April to
May in the combined manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries
surveyed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Based on reports
received by the Bureau, it is estimated that 104,000 workers were
returned to employment over the month interval in the industries
surveyed and that weekly pay rolls were $5,700,000 greater than in the
preceding month. These gains continued the virtually unbroken
succession of monthly increases which have been reported since the
earlier months of 1936.
Comparisons of employment and pay rolls in these combined industries in May 1937 with May 1936 show an increase of more than
1,490,000 workers over the year interval, and a gain of over $70,400,000
in weekly pay rolls.
Class I railroads also reported more employees in May than in
April according to a preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce
Commission. In April they employed 1,118,728 workers exclusive of
executives, officials, and staff assistants, while the number on their
pay rolls in May was 1,141,486, a gain of 22,758.
Employment in the executive, legislative, and military services of
the Federal Government in May was somewhat higher than in April.
A small decrease occurred in the judicial service. On construction
projects financed wholly or partially from public funds increases were
reported in employment on projects financed by the Public Works
Administration, from regular governmental appropriations, and on
Federal projects under The Works Program. When employment on
projects operated by the Works Progress Administration during the
calendar month of May was compared with similar data for April,
a decrease was shown in the number employed. Due to the completion of bridge projects and the suspension of work on reclamation
projects, employment on projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation decreased. The number of workers employed
on the emergency conservation program decreased during the month.




(l)

Industrial and Business Employment
The combined reports received from manufacturing establishments
employing approximately 55 percent of the total number of factory
wage earners of the country showed an increase of 0.2 percent in
employment from April to May and a gain of 0.3 percent in weekly
pay rolls. These gains, while slight, are noteworthy as factory employment has increased in May in only 6 of the preceding 18 years for
which data are available and pay rolls have increased in only 9 instances.
The factory employment index for May (102.3) was at the highest
level registered in any month since November 1929 and indicated a
gain of 13.9 percent or more than 1,000,000 workers over May of last
year. The corresponding pay-roll index (105.2) was above the level
of any month since October 1929 and was 30.2 percent above the
May 1936 level, indicating an increase of more than $49,500,000 in
weekly pay rolls over the year interval. The 3-year average, 1923-25,
is taken as 100 in computing indexes for the manufacturing industries.
Forty-eight of the eighty-nine manufacturing industries covered
reported gains in employment and 47 showed increased pay rolls, but
the majority of these industries were in the durable-goods group.
Employment in this group rose 1.3 percent to 99.9, the highest level
of any month since November 1929. Compared with May 1936, employment in the durable-goods group showed an increase of 18.9
percent.
On the other hand, employment in the nondurable-goods group decreased 1.0 percent over the month interval, due largely to seasonal
recessions in the textile and leather groups, but it showed a gain of 9.2
percent over May of last year.
More than 235,000 factory wage earners in the reporting establishments received wage-rate increases in May. Combined with the
wage-rate increases reported since October of last year, the cumulative
total of employees receiving wage-rate increases reached 4,052,000.
This number includes a certain duplication of workers where more than
one wage-rate increase has been reported by an establishment over
this interval. As the Bureau's monthly survey covers approximately
55 percent of the total number of factory wage earners of the country,
the number of employees receiving wage-rate increases as shown by
these monthly totals does not represent the total number receiving
wage-rate increases in the factories of the country.
A seasonal increase of 18.5 percent in employment was shown in the
ice-cream industry. Firms manufacturing rubber tires and tubes
reported a gain of 15.1 percent, due primarily to the resumption of
operations after the settlement of labor difficulties. Seasonal gains




ranging from 2.6 percent to 6.1 percent were shown in the brick-tileterra cotta, beet sugar, tin can, marble-slate-granite, beverage, and
butter industries. Other industries reporting substantial gains in
employment over the month interval were: Electric- and steamrailroad carbuilding (3.5 percent); engines-turbines-tractors (3.1 percent); copper, lead, and zinc smelting and refining (3.4 percent);
electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies (2.8 percent); and automobiles (2.8 percent). Gains were noted in a number of industries
manufacturing building materials and supplies. In addition to the
increases mentioned above in the brick-tile-terra cotta and marbleslate-granite industries, gains were shown in cement (2.4 percent),
sawmills (2.3 percent), structural metalwork (1.5 percent), paints and
varnishes (1.4 percent), plumbers7 supplies (1.4 percent) and glass
(1.2 percent). The blast furnace, steel works, and rolling-mill industry showed a gain of 1.4 percent in employment. Other industries of
major importance in which gains were noted were foundries and machine shops (1.9 percent), petroleum refining (1.7 percent), baking
(1.4 percent), chemicals (1.4 percent), slaughtering and meat packing
(1.1 percent), paper and pulp (0.9 percent) and book and job printing
(0.4 percent).
The most pronounced decreases in employment from April to May
were seasonal in character. The fertilizer industry reported a decline
of 31.0 percent; cottonseed oil-cake-meal, 18.6 percent; canning and
preserving, 10.1 percent; confectionery, 4.1 percent; and boots and
shoes, 4.0 percent. Radios and phonographs showed a decline of 11.7
percent, due primarily to strikes, and each of the 14 industries comprising the textile group also reported a decline. The textile industries
showing seasonal recessions were millinery, 8.3 percent; women's clothing, 5.7 percent; shirts and collars, 5.1 percent; and men's clothing,
2.8 percent. Employment in silk and rayon goods mills decreased
4.2 percent over the month interval and the woolen- and worstedgoods and the knit-goods industries reported declines of 1.2 percent
and 1.4 percent, respectively.
Increases in employment reported in 12 of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries surveyed more than offset the losses reported in the remaining 4 industries and resulted in a net gain of approximately 91,000
workers in the group of nonmanufacturing industries.
Seasonal gains in employment were reported in private building
construction (7.7 percent), dyeing and cleaning (4.4 percent), quarrying and nonmetallic mining (3.5 percent), and laundries (2.0 percent).
A substantial increase was reported in bituminous-coal mining (7.1
percent), partially offsetting the sharp decline registered in the preceding month. Employment in metal mines showed a further expansion (2.7 percent), continuing the practically unbroken succession of




gains which have been reported each month since July 1935. Employment in this industry was 28.6 percent above the May 1936 level and
174 percent above the low point of August 1932.
Electric light and power and manufactured gas companies reported
a gain of 1.6 percent in employment. This increase raised the May
employment index (94.4) above the maximum recorded in any month
since September 1931. Telephone and telegraph companies and
electric-railroad and motorbus operation companies reported gains in
employment of 1.5 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively. Crudepetroleum producing companies also reported larger working forces,
employment increasing 1.2 percent. Insurance firms reported a gain
of 0.5 percent.
Wholesale trade establishments reported a decrease of 1.2 percent
or 17,700 fewer employees than in the preceding month. The decline
was due largely to a seasonal slackening in the farm products and
assemblers and country buyers groups. Wholesale dry goods and
apparel firms reported a decrease of 0.9 percent in employment.
Among the several lines of wholesale trade reporting gains over the
month interval were chemicals and drugs, electrical goods, foods,
hardware, machinery equipment and supplies, paper and paper products, and wholesale groceries.
A further gain in employment was reported in retail trade establishments, the increase of 1.2 percent indicating the employment of 42,000
additional workers. Increases were reported in many lines of retail
distribution. In the important group of department, variety, and
general merchandising stores and mail-order houses employment
increased 2.6 percent. Retail hardware stores reported a gain of 2.8
percent in number of workers; lumber and building material firms, a
gain of 1.5 percent; furniture stores, a gain, of 1.5 percent; automotive
establishments, a gain of 2.1 percent; and apparel stores, an increase
of 0.8 percent. Declines in employment were shown in retail coalwood-ice and jewelry, while retail food showed an increase of onetenth of 1 percent.
Employment by class I railroads increased in May according to
preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission. The
number of railroad workers exclusive of executives, officials, and staff
assistants was 1,141,486 in May as against 1,118,728 in April, a gain
of 22,758 or 2.0 percent. Pay-roll figures were not available at the
time this report was prepared. In April, however, total wage disbursements to this eroup of workers were $158,087,384 in comparison with
$261,551,803 for March, a decrease of 2 1 percent over the month
interval.
Hours and earnings,—Based on data supplied by cooperating manufacturing establishments for full- and part-time workers combined,




TABLE 1.—Employment,

Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries

Combined and in Nonmanujacturing Industries, May 1937
Employment

IndustryIndex
May
1937

Percentage
change from—
April
1937

May
1936

1923-25

Index
May
1937

Percentage
change from—
April
1937

May
1936

Average in
May
1937

Percentage
change from —
April
1937

May
1936

{1923-25

All manufacturing industries = 100)
= 100)
combined 1
_._
__. 102.3
+0.3
+0.2 +13.9 105.2
Class I steam railroads 2
64.6 +2.1
(19.29

Coal mining:
= 100)
Anthracite
51.0
Bituminous
__. 77.8
Metalliferous mining
78.2
Quarrying and nonmetallic min54.9
ing
--_
Crude petroleum producing
76.7
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph
77.7
Electric light and power and
manufactured gas
Electric-railroad and motor- 94.4
bus operation and maintenance.-73.3
Trade:
90.8
Wholesale
89. 9
Retail
General merchandising.... 102.1
Other than general mer86.7
chandising.
87.7
Hotels (year-round) 4
90.3
Laundries
88.6
Dyeing and cleaning. _ _
Brokerage
Insurance
Building construction

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

-7.0
-5.5
+7.1 +2.0
+2.7 +28.6

(1929
= 100)
44.4 -30. 5
67.8 +24.7
79.6 +3.6

+3.5
+1.2

+5.5
+5.4

51.4
67.7

+1.5

+8.6

89.5

+1.6

+6.0

97.6

+.5

+2.4

70.1

-1.2
+1.2
+2.6

+7.3
+5.8
+7.0

76.1
73.5
91.5

+.7 +5.4
- . 8 +4.2
+2.0 +5.6
+4.4 +1.6
-1.4 +5.0
+.5 +1.4
+7.7 +11.8

69.8
73.6
81.4
73.9

+6.9
+.5
+3.7
+2.4

+1.0
+.9
+2.3
+2.7
+2.2
-1.2
+3.6
+7.4
-1.1

+1.0
+13.2

+30.2

26.39

+0.1

+14. 2

-21.1
+9.0
+67.1

25.32
22. 20
32.28

-26.4
+16.4

+.9

-15.1
+6.8
+29.9

+21.9
+16.8

23.44
33.17

+3.3
-.7

+15. 5
+10.8

+13.9

30.86
33.34

+2.1
+.8

+4.9

+12.1

+.5
+2.2
+1.1
+.1
+1.4

+3.5

+6.0

31.44

+11.6
+11.7
+13.2

30.29
21.97
18.73

+11.3
+9.9
+7.6
+2.4
+9.7
+5.9
+29.1

24.59
14. 59
16.94
20.61
39.42
39. 50
31.10

-.5
+1.6
+2.9
+.3
+.5
+5.1

+5.8

+4.0
+5.7
+5.8
+5.7
+5.5
+ 1.9
+.8
+4.4
+4.4
+15.6

i Revised indexes—Adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures.
' Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
a Not available.
* Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.

average hours worked per week by factory wage earners were 39.8 in
May as compared with 40.4 in April, a decrease of 1.4 percent over
the month interval. The hourly earnings for May, however, were
64.9 cents as compared with 63.8 cents for April, an increase of 1.7
percent. Average weekly earnings of factory wage earners rose 0.1
percent over the month interval to $26.39.
Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data
are available, 8 reported gains in average hours worked per week and
all showed increases in average hourly earnings. Higher average
weekly earnings were reported by 14 of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries surveyed.
Table 1 presents a summary of employment and pay-roll indexes
and average weekly earnings in May 1937 for all manufacturing industries combined, for selected nonmanufactuing industries, and for class
1745—37

2




I railroads, with percentage changes over the month and year intervals
except in the few industries for which certain items cannot be computed.
The indexes of employment and pay rolls for the manufacturing industries are based on the 3-year average, 1923-25, as 100, and for the nonmanufacturing industries on the 12-month average of 1929 as 100.
The information for the manufacturing industries, mining, laundries,
dyeing and cleaning, and building construction covers wage earners
only. For crude-petroleum producing it covers wage earners and
clerical field force. The figures for public utilities, trade, hotels,
brokerage, and insurance cover all employees, including executives.
Public Employment
On construction projects financed from Public Works Administration funds 206,000 workers were employed during May, an increase
of 14,000 compared with the preceding month. Employment gains
were reported on Federal projects financed from funds provided by
the National Industrial Recovery Act and on projects financed from
funds provided by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935
and 1936. A slight decrease in the number employed occurred on
non-Federal projects financed from the National Industrial Recovery
Act. During May pay-roll disbursements from Public Works
Administration funds totaled in excess of $15,850,000.
A substantial increase was reported in the number of employees
working on construction projects financed from regular governmental
appropriations. In May more than 160,000 workers were employed,
a gain of 20.9 percent compared with April. Employment increases
were registered for all types of projects with the exception of building
construction and water and sewerage projects. There was a small
decrease in the number of employees working on building construction
projects, and employment on water and sewerage projects showed no
change. Monthly pay-roll disbursements advanced from $13,856,000
in April to over $15,278,000 in May.
The level of employment on projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation decreased sharply during May. Compared with
more than 8,000 workers employed in the preceding month, approximately 6,000 were employed. This was a decrease of 28.9 percent.
Inasmuch as all bridges under construction were completed, no workers
were engaged on this type of project. Moreover, a suspension of work
on reclamation projects occurred during the month. Employment
on building construction, water and sewerage, and miscellaneous
projects decreased. Pay-roll disbursements on all projects financed
by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation amounted to $790,000,
a decrease of 24.1 percent.




The number of wage earners employed on projects financed by
The Works Program was 3,019,000. For the first time employment
and pay-roll data on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration were shown on a calendar monthly basis. Prior to May
1937 statistics on this part of The Works Program were presented for
the month ending on the 15th. Of the total number employed in May
on projects financed by The Works Program 267,000 were working on
Federal projects; 2,149,000 on that part of the program operated by
the Works Progress Administration; and 603,000 on National Youth
Administration work projects and student aid. Total pay-roll disbursements for the month amounted to $132,561,000.
In the regular agencies of the Federal Government, increases were
reported for the executive, legislative, and military services. A
decrease, on the other hand, occurred in the judicial service. The
increase in the level of employment for the executive service was less
than 1 percent in May as compared with April, but was 3.0 percent
higher than in May a year ago. Of the 840,000 employees in the
executive service in May, 116,000 were working in the District of
Columbia and 724,000 were employed outside the District. The
most pronounced increases in the number of workers in the executive
departments of the Federal Government occurred in the War Department and the Department of the Interior. Among the agencies
reporting decreases were the Federal Emergency Administration of
Public Works and the Panama Canal.
Employment on emergency conservation work (Civilian Conservation Corps) totaled 349,000 in May. Compared with the preceding
month, this was a decrease of 20,000. Small increases in the number
of educational advisers and supervisory and technical workers were
offset by decreases in enrolled personnel and in the number of reserve
officers. Pay rolls during the month for all groups of workers
amounted to $16,719,000.
In May 176,000 workers were employed on the construction and
maintenance of State roads. This was an increase of 38,000 or 27.9
percent compared with April. Employment was greater on State
road construction and maintenance than in any month since November
1936. Of the total number employed 17,000 or 9.8 percent were
engaged on new-road construction and 159,000 or 90.2 percent on
maintenance work. Pay-roll disbursements also showed a marked
gain, increasing from $9,108,000 in April to $10,850,000 in May.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for April
and May is given in table 2.




8
TABLE 2.—Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, May 1937 l
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
May 1937

April
1937

Percentage
change

Pay rolls
May 1937

April 1937

Federal service:
Executive 2
-. 3 840,521 835,639
+0.6 $127,998,772 <$128,237,028
-.4
496,663
505,102
2,018
Judicial
2,010
1,197,996
1,194,543
5,107
+.2
Legislative
5,117
23,813,
274
«
24,920,
522
Military
+.2
317, 520 317,001
Construction projects:
192,201
+7.2 15,850, 554 15,242,390
206,019
Financed by "P. W. A.« <_
8,226 -28.9
790,018
Financed by R. F. C'
1,041,280
5,847
Financed by regular governmental
132,639 +20.9
15,278, 529
13,855,633
appropriat ions
160,346
Federal projects under T;ie Works
13,432, 725
14,154, 856
266, 686 254, 524 +4.8
Program
115, 802,897
+2.3 '111,720,096
Projects operated by W. P. A
82,149, 288 2,100,965
National Youth Administration:
-4.1
3,181.627
184,173
191,982
3,093,750
Work projects
3,302,100
434, 744 - 3 . 8
Student-Aid
418,362
3,591,961
Relief work:
Emergency conservation
-5.5
16,719,019
17,502,905
work 9
348,905 369,309

Percentage
change

-0.2
-1.7

+.3

-4.4

+4.0

-24.1

+10. 3
+5.4
-3.5
-2.8

+8.8
-4.5

* Includes data on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds.
* Includes employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
* Includes 2 employees by transfer previously reported as separations, not actual additions for May.
* Revised.
« Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 and 1936 funds are included. These
data are not shown under The Works Program.
* Includes 139,561 wage earners and $10,339,137 payroll for May; 129,887 wage earners and $9,618,255 pay roll
for April covering P. W. A. projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 and 1936 funds.
7 Includes 80 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $4,420 for May and 77 employees and pay roll of
$4,235
for April on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.
8
These data, formerly presented for the month ending on the 15th, are for the calendar month.
B
Includes 41,930 employees and pay roll of $5,370,053 for May and 40,617 employees and pay roll of $5,449,798
for April included in executive service.

DETAILED REPORTS FOR MAY 1937
Industrial and Business Employment
MONTHLY reports on employment and pay rolls in industrial and
business industries are now available for the following groups: 89
manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including
building construction; and class I steam railroads. The reports for
the first two of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—
are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and in
virtually all industries the samples are large enough to be entirely
representative. The figures on class I steam railroads are compiled
by the Interstate Commerce Commission and are presented in the
foregoing summary.
EMPLOYMENT, PAY ROLLS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS IN MAY 1937

Tbe indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked per
week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in May 1937 are shown in
table 3. Percentage changes from April 1937 and May 1936 are also
given.



TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1937
M ANU FACTUK IN G
[Indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25= 100 arid are adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures]
Employment

Industry

Index
May
1937

All manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Durable goods

Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery. _.
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..

Holts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forcings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers'supplies
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metal work
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework
See footnotes at end of table.




Index
May
1937

April
1937

May
1936

+0.2

+13.9

105.2

+1.3
-1.0

+18.9
+9.2

110.1
122.0
9.1 8
71.5

+1.1
+1.4
+.7
+.8

89.0
74.0
98.5
9,3. 9

- 2. 9

102.3
_.

Percentage
change from—

Pay rolls

104.8

81.7
116.9
76.9
101.9
103.3
182.8

+( )

-1.3
+1.4

()
+ 1.0
+ 1.5
+2.6
+1.1
-1.7

Average weekly
earnings l

Average hours worked
per week l

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from April
1937

May
1936

May
1937

May
1937

Average hourly earnings1
Percentage
change from—

May
1937

April
1937

May
1936

+0.1

+14.2

39.8

-1.4

+1.3

Cents
64.9

+.4

+15.1
+11.8

41.3
38.1

-1.6
-1.4

-.4
+2.9

71.3
57.9

+23.0
+26.6
+15.6
+21.5

41.4
41.3
42.2
41.0

-2.6
-3.1
-2.5
-1.5

-1.7
-3.8
-.9

77.4
86.6
66.3
56.6

+16.2
+ 18.3
+17.2
+9.0

42.6
43.3
41.5
40.4

-. 1
-2.5
-2.0
-3.4

April
1937

May
1936

April
1937

May
1936

+1.7
+1.3
+1.9

+13.0

+24. 4
+30.7
+16. 3
+14.3

59.1
71.1
65.0
63.1

+1.8
+1.5
-.4
+2.2
+1.7
+.6
+6.3
+1.7

+30.2

$26. 39

107.5
102.3

+1.0 +36.9
-.6

+22.1

30.00
22.18

+22.2
+23.9
+26.6
+15.3

124.7
145. 6
113.4
62.4

+.2
-( 2 )
-2.2

32.48
35. 73
27.93
23.47

+17.2
+26.8
+27.2
+13.0

86.9
74.1
117.4
77.1

+50.2
+56.7
+46. 2
+40.2
+36.2
+49. 9
+49.1
+23.1

24.60
30.71
26. 96
25.46

+26.7
+17.0
+18.0
+8.3

82. 5
106. 7
78.5
111.7

+55.1
+31.0
+39.4
+17.8

29.39
26. 75
28.80
23.60

-2.4
-1.2
-1.4

+22.3
+11.8
+18.3
+8.6

43.0
41.6
41.6
40.6

-2.5
-2.1
-2.6

68.4
64.4
69.3
59.2

-.2

+.2

+4.6
+2.8
+.5
+.6

+.8
+1.2
+1.7

+17.0
+8.5
+18.0
+10.1

+31.9
+21.1

113.9
189.1

+45. 5
+35.4

25. 68
26. 21

-2.4

+10.4
+13.0

42.8
40.1

-5.3
+1.2

-1.0
-5.5

65.4

+2.9
+3.3

+1L6
+19.6

+.3

+1.5
+.8
-1.9

+2.8
-.4
-2.4

+.3
+.1
+3.2
-1.4

+2.7

-1.4
-2.9

+.6
+1.7
-1.9
+4.2
-1.8

+.5

+4.5

+5.4
+6.8
+5.6
+1.0

+15.3
+9.1

+8.0
+12.0
+ 15.8
+9.9

TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing

Industries, May

1937—Continued

MANUFACTURING-Continued
[Tndexes are based on 3-year average 1923-1925=100 and are adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures]

Percentage
Industry

May
1937

Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural
implements
Cash registers,
adding machines, and calculating machines.
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Enginos, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
Kadios and phonographs . . _ _
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
Transportation equipment
Aircraft
_ .
•\utoniobiles

.

. .

Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
Locomotives
Shipbuilding _
Railroad repair shops
_ _
Electric railroad
Steam railroad
Nonferrous metals and their products .
Aluminum manufactures
_
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices.
Jewelry. __
Lighting equipment- .
Silverware and plated ware
_.
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.

Stamped and enameled ware




Index

Index

126.1
139.7
133. 5
117.8
148. 8
111.7
149. 6
139. 9
87. 5
153. 7
128.3
823. 2
140.0
77.7
58. 8
100. 7
63.6
03. 4
03. 6
115.5
125.8
125.7
123.4
88.0
99. 7
74.4
87.5
102.8

April
1937

May
1930

+1.4 +23.1
+1.0 +8.3
+1.7 +11.8
+2.8 +34.7
+3.1 +17.5
+1.9 +25.4
+2.0 +31.3
— 11.7

+.5
—.4
+2.3
+1-2
+2.8
+3. 5
+2.4

-21.4

+25.1
+34. 6
+20. 7
+41.4
+19.4
+40.8
+80.7
-2.1
+5.7
+.5 +9.7
-.5
+1.7
+.5 + 10.2
0
+22.0
+21.5
+1.1
—1.5 +20.1
+.3 +19.4
+1.2 +22.0
— 1.6
+32.1
2
+(
) +17.1
+3.4 +14. 0
+.2 + 19.0

Average weekly earnings

Pay rolls

Employment

May
1937

134.9
183.9
149.0
123. 5
150.5
119.4
101. 6
108. 5
95. 3
155. 2
134.1
739.4
143.8
89.9
47.3
118.7
67.1
00.4
07.4
113.1
131.8
120.5
122.3
09.1
101,0
09. 7
84.8
100.0

May
1930

May
1937

+0.7 +42.4 $29. 54
+2.1 +29.1 29. 35
+.7 +31.4 34.45
+2.0 +52. 2 28.85
+2.0 +40.4 32. 87
+.8 +44.7 29.77
+1.0 +51.2 33.24

-14.4
-.0

-1.0

+4.3
+• 1
+5.7
+.9
+4.9
-3.2
-.4

-1.0
-.3

-1.0

+3.1
-4.7
+.2
+ 1.7
-5.1

+1.7
+3. 6
+1.2

-20.0

+47.4
+55. 0
+32.0
+50. 45
+29.
+74.1
+128. 9
+10.1
+12.8
+0.0
+13. 6
+43.2
+40. 9
+50. 7
+30. 4
+30. 9
+48. 0
+40.1
+38.4
+35.4

20.41
29.20
20.90
33.19
28.20
31. 00
28.32
31. 50
30. 77
30.47
29. 80
30. 58
26. 35
20. 98
28.43
22. 70
23. 07
25. 00
25.94
28.07
23.83

Mav
April
1937

May
1930

1937

+15.7
42.4
+19.0
40.8
42.9
- . 9 +17.4
40.2
- . 8 +13.1
40.8
- . 5 +20.7
— 1.1 +15.5
43.9
- . 4 +15. 2
47.5
37.8
-3.1
+1.7
44.8
- 1 . 1 + 17.9
-.0
42.7
+15.0
+9.3
38.5
+3.3
44.4
+2.9 +8.4
38.1
- 2 . 4 +24. 0
40.1
44.4
+2.4 +20. 7
-1.2
37.5
+9.8
-.9
44.4
+2.8
-1.1
41.0
+4.2
-.8
44.4
+3.0
-1.0
+17.4 . 40.8
41.2
+2.0 +20.8
—3. 3 +19.4
41,1
+14.2
-.2
41,3
38. 5
+11.7
+.5
- 3 . 0 + 12.4
39. 0
41.4
+1.7 +24.0
+.2 +20.8
42.2
+.9 +13.7
40.3
-0.6

+.5

±tt

Average hourly earnings

Percentage

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from —
April
1937

Average hours worked
per week

Change from—
April
1937

May
1930

-1.3
-1.8
-1.3
-2.5
-1.1
-1.4

+1.6
~(2)
+1.2

+1.2
+2.0
-1.2
-.0

+.6
-1.8
+1.2
-3.0
+1.4
-1.0
-.8

-1.4
-.8

-2.7
-3.1
-4.3
-1.1
—.7
-4.4
-.7

-.4
-2.3

-1.7

+3.0
+2.0
+5.7
+.1
+0.8
+7.2
-5.4

+.7
-8.1
+10.3
+15.7
+1.8
+2.9
-1.1

+3.2
+ 1.6
+3.0
+.4
+0.0
+4.5
-2.9

+20.1
+1.1
-2.5

Percentage
ohflnjTp from—•

May
1937

69.4
72.3
80.9
71.1
80.8
07.7
70.1
54.3
05.4
03. 2
86.5
04.8
89.6
70.0
70.9
81.0
68.9
00. 2
09.2
64.1

05. 0
09.1
55.1
01.0
G5.0
03.1
08.0
59.4

April
1937

May
1936

+0.7
+2.4
+.3
+1.7
+.7
+.4

+14.1
+20.1
+15.3
+15.3
+17.7
+13.5
+8.9
+2.2
+10.6
+11.2
+16.0
+2.0
+ 18.3
+11.9
+9.4
+7.3
+.2
+5. 2I
+15.5
+17.9
+18. 9
+8.2
+5.3
+10.2
+2.9
+19. 5
+17.6

-1.0
-5.1

+.1

2
+(
)
+1.5

+3.1
+1.0
+.5
+ 1.0
-.5

~( 2 )

+.3
-.1
+ 1.7
+5. 3
+1.1
+.9
+.2
+.8
+2.2
+.5
+3.5

lumber and allied products
Furniture
_
Lumber:
Millwork_
Savmills
Stone, clay, and glass products
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Tottery

71.6

+1.4

87.4

+.6

57.3
54.7
74.4
55. 0
08. 5
112.3
44. 9
81.7

-.7
+2.3
+1.9
+3.2
+2.4
+1.2
+4.2
-.5

+11.7
+21.1

68.2
76.7

+19.7
+5.3
+13.9
+17.8
+11.8
+13. 2
+12. 5
+11.2

54. 9
52. 9
72.0
49.1
71.4
118.9
41.3
75.0

+10.2
+13.1
+23. 5
+19.0
+5.9
+3.7

96.2
98.0
100. 7
106. 5
95.7
106. 2
69.3
125.1
68. 4
81.4
88.9
89.9
105.9
91.8
106.0
38.6
101.6
81.6
74.1
110.0
111.6
130.3
236.9
71.3
108. 5
69. 2
73.4
75.8
99.0
51.1
71.6
53.6
66. 4
52.0

-.1
-2. 3

+25.4
+36.7

21.41
20. 63

+30. 6
+17.3
+29.5
—.1 +33.3
+ i. 3 +31.2
— 1. 1
+29. 9
+6.5 +10. 3
+4.0 +36. 7

22. 26
21, 74
24.59
21.91
25. 97
25. 53
26. 84
24.44

+23.0
+30. 3
+51.7
+41.7
+13.8
+15. 2

18.02
18. 09
23. 24
15.95
18.14
21.48
22. 65
17.83
16. 79
21.36
17.84
19.15
18.82
16.56
13.32
20.08
12.65
19.98
18.76
24. 64
25.05
24. 98
33. 74
22. 23
17.45
17.56
25.35
28.28
27.80
25.11
25. 44
16.49
17.76
16.22

-1.2

+ 1.8
+1.3

-1.4
-2.8
-.5
—. 5
-.6
-3.2

+1.8
-2.3

+2.2
+4.5

+12.2
+12.9
+9.1
-Ml. 4

+13.7
+ 13.3
+17.2
+14. 6
-2.0

+23.0

42.1

-2.8
-4.2

43.7
42.2
39.9
42.0
39.4
37.8
40.7
41.2

-3.1
-2.0
-1.9
-3.3
-.3
-2.5

41.3

+1.7

+1.5

51.6
50.3

+1.5
+1.5

+9.5
+11.7

+.5

51.0
52.5
62.0
52.1
65.9
67.8
CA). 1
60.0

+2. 5
+ 1.3

+8.3
+9. 3
+11.8
+ 1.5.6
+16. 4
+12.5

-2.4

+.9
+1.1
-2.3

+.8

+1.9
-1.9

-1.0

+7.7

-2.4
-2.0
-2.4
-1. 5
-3.7
-4.3

+2.6
+3.3
+7.1
+2.8
+2.3
+3.1

+.8
-.5

+2.2

+.1
+.5

-1.4

+4.5

+9.2

+.8

+1.5
+1.6
+1.8

+8.1
+10.8
+13.2
+15. 8
+7.5
+7.7
+5.3
+5.8
+6.5
+ 15.0
+4.3
+3.1
+8.1
+2.5
+2.0

+1.5
+1.3
+1.1
+ 1.7
+1.5
+1.6
+1.6

+6.2
+6.6
+5.7
+9.8
+10.7
+4.6
+4.6

-.4

+12.2
+6.4
+5.3
+5.0
+21.4
+11.1
+6. 3
+8.4
+8.5
+8.4

Nondurable goods

Textiles and their products
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs..
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing and finishing textiles
Hats, fur-felt
Knit goods.
Silk and rayon goods 3 .
__
Woolen and worsted goods
"Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's.__
_
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings
_
_
Millinery
Shirts and collars
Leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
.__
Leather
_
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter
_
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
__
_
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
S ugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes
See footnotes at end of table.




_

-2.4
107.3
102. 2
-1.4
102.2
-.7
105. 6
-.1
98.2
-9.0
118.8
-3.5
82.9
-5.9
121.7
-1.4
78.7
-4.2
87.9
-1.2
116.5
-4.4
111.5
-2.8
152. G - 5 . 7
91.4
-1.1
141.9
-3.3
56.0
-8.3
120.2
-5.1
95.1
-3.3
95. 3
-4.0
99. 1
-.9
107 9
+.2
134.(5
+1.4
207.4
+5.4
89.0
99. 6 - +6.1
10.1
71.2
-4.1
73.8
-.8
82.0
+
18.5
89.3
+1.1
4(5.7
+6.0
78.3
-6.4
59.9
-.5
55.9
-.3
60.3
-.5

-4.5

+7.3
+10.9
+11.9
+5.0
+10.7
-1.6

+4.5
+ 11.7
-3.4

+9.4
+7.8
+8.2
+5.8
+5.1
+5.8
+7.6
+3.9
+5.7
+1.5
+2.6
+2.4
+6.0
+6.3
-3.2
-.2

+1.2
-.4

-4.0
-2.3
—_ 7

—i!o
-11.7
-7.3

+5.1

-1.9
-4.1
-2.2
-7.1
-6.1
-6.0
-4.3
-8.4
-20. 6
-11.3
-7.0
-9.2
-1.2

+3.1
+5. 5
+7.6
+7.7
-4.2
-1.8

+1.4
+17.7
+.3
+1.6
-11.1

+2.5
+1.0
+2.6

-1.2

+18.7
+25. 8
+33. 4
+9.9
+25.6
-.3

+7.8
+10.8
-12.0

+5.1
+27.9
+31.3
+20.9
+16.6
+15.3
+10.5
+7.0
+24.4
+13.3
+10.0
+8.0
+26. 0
+12.1
+4.5
+10.5
+11.2
+10.4

-1.6
-.8
-00
-.9
-2.9
-3.9

+11.7
-.6

+.1

-1.1
-2.9
-3.3
-.3
-3.2
-5. 2
-13.5
-6.6
-3.8
-5.4
-.3

+11.7
+15.3
+22.8
+19.0
+7.6
+11.1
+3. 6
+10.6
+13.3
+19.2
+4.7
+13. 5
+1, 3
+3.0
-.8
-9.0
-4.1

+18.7
+21.3
+14.3
+2.9 +10.9
+4.1
+9.1
+2.7
+2.1
+2.9
+1.5
+6. 6 +17.6
+2.3 +11.5
+2.3
+7.3
—. 7
+5.4
-.8
+18. 9
-4.1
+5.4
-5.0
+7.9
+3.0 +10.8
+1.4 +10.1
+3.1 +11.1

36.0
37.3
37.2
37.9
38.2
37.8
31.4
36. 8
37.0
36.9
33.3
34.1
31.9
35. 2
35.5
33.4
37.4
36.8
39. 7
41.8
43.2
41.4
38.5
38. 5
44.3
48.9
40.6
38.6
40.4
37.1
36. 3
37.2

+13.1
-2.4
-2.2
-2.0
-3.5
-2.6
-3.0
-5.2
-6.7

-5.8
-3.9
-4.3
-2.2

-1.8

+4.1
+6.3
+3.3

+.4

+11.8
-6.6
—.3
-7.2

-7.3

+.4

+13.4
+17.1
+4.3
+2.3
+7.1
-2.4

-r'S.S
-.3
-.3

+4.7
+7.1
+2.2

+1.8
+2.3

+1.5

+.6

-.7
-4.6
-8.3

-1.9
-4.8

+.9

+2.4
+1.7
+2.5

+.1
+1.0

+.2

49.4
48.2
62. 7
42.0
48.1
56.2
71.3
49.2
45.2
58. 0
51.7
55. 5
54. 2
46.6
34.0
38.8
54.6
52.5
62.4
59.6
58.0
82.4
46.7
46.1
56. 6
57.9
68.5
67.1
62.4
44.3
49.2
43.7

+1.0
+2.4

+.8

+.9
+.1
+1.7
+1.7
+1.5
+.9
+.5
-.4

+2.8
+2.2
-1.3
-.1

+(2)

+3.7
+2.1
+1.3
+2.2

TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1937—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued
[Indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-1925=100 and are adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures!

Industry

Paper and printing.
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
_
Newspapers and periodicals
Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations.
_
Explosives
Fertilizers—
..
_
_
Paints and varnishes..
Rayon and allied products
_.
Soap
Petroleum refining
Rubber products
_
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes *__
_
Rubber tires and inner tubes




Index
May
1937

107.7
103.6
120.2
97.3
106.1
124.5
124. 6
137.5
47.8
108.3
90.7
104. 6
140.2
384.0
103.3
124.1
103.6
76.3
146. 6
93.7

Percentage
change from—
April
1937

May
1936

+0.5

+8.2
+13.2
+9.8
+9.5
+3.0
+11.4
+12.6
+17.3
+8.3
+7.5
+16.6
+8.8
+9.5
+14.4
+7.8
+6.5
+16.5
+7.9
+18.9
+17.4

-.3

+.9
+.4
+.5
-1.7
-2.4
+1.4
-18.6
-2.9
-1.9
-31.0
+1.4
+1.6
-4.0
+1.7
+7.1
+.4
-.4

+15.1

Average weekly earnings

Pay rolls

Employment

Index
May
1937

105.9
106.2
121.8
94.6
104.7
136.7
136.2
152.5
42.3
118.0
103.2
116.2
145.0
382.0
113.8
138.3
109.2
72.7
153.5
102.7

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from —
Mav
1937

April
1937

May

+1.0
-1.6
+1.8
+1.3
+1.0
+.2

+16.8
+22.9
+26.5
+17.2
+7.7
+29.7
+31. 0
+37.1
+31. 2
+15. 6
+34.6
+24..9
+20.7
+39.8
+21.2
+25.7
+26.4
+34.1
+39.0
+19.3

0

+1.3
-15.9
-1.5
-4.1
-23.0
+2.1
+4.7
-2.2
+1.0
+8.9
+6.5
+1.8
+ 13.5

Average hours worked
per week

1936
$28.49
20.90
25.44
30.70
37.00
28.28
26.19
30.86
12.15
23. 85
32.62
18.01
28.47
24.53
26.70
33. 60
28.13
23.72
24.15
31.91

April
1937

May
1936

+0.5

+7.8
+8.6
+15.2
+7.0
+4.5
+16.4
+16.4
+16.9
+21.0
+7.4
+15.4
+14.8
+10.2
+22.0
+12.5
+17.9
+8.4
+24.4
+16.9
+1.5

-1.3
+.9
+.8
+.5
+1.9
+2.4
-.1

+3.4
+1.5
-2.2
+11.6
+.7
+3.1
+1.8
-.7

+1.6
+6.1
+2.2
-1.4

Average hourly earnings

Percentage
change from—
May
1937

April
1937

40.3
41.1
42.8

-1.2
-2.6
-1.3

40.3
37.1

-1.3

39.8
41.2
40.7
49.2
39.3
40.9
44.5
43.7
39.6
39.2
35.6
36.9
39.2
41.2
33.2

-.5

-1.7
-1.6
-1.2
-.9

-1.7
-3.5
-3.6

+-(.2)4

-.8

-1.3
-2.4
+.3
-.1

-3.9

Percentage
change from—
May
1937

May

1936
+3.0
+3.0
+3.1
+4.9
+.9
+1.0
+1.6
-.6

+13.4
+4.9
+3.7
+6.2
+.4
+2.7
-.2

-1.7

+( 2 )

+5.2
+8.9
-8.0

73.5
51.5
59.5
77.9
95.7
72.5
64.8
75.9
25.0
57.2
79.7
40.6
65.4
61.9
68.4
95.3
78.3
61.1
58.9
96.3

April
1937

May
1936

+1.8
+1.4
+2.2
+2.0
+1.4
+8.7
+4.6
+1.1
+4.7
+2.0
+1.4
+15.9
+.6
+3.5
+2.8
+.6
+4.3
+6.8
+.6

+4.5
+5.9
+11.4
+2.5
+3.8
+16.6
+15.4
+17.4
+8.9
+3.2
+11.6
+9.2
+9.9
+18.8
+12.6
+20.8
+11.0
+17.7
+10.3
+9.8

+2.8

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes arc based on 12-month average 1929=100]
Coalmining:
Anthracite
_
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance
Trade:
Wholesale
Eetail
___
General merchandising
Other than general merchandisingHotels (year-round) *
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning
Brokerage
Insurance
Building construction

+7.1
+2.7
+3. 5
+ 1.2

-7.0
+2.0
+28. 6
+5. 5
+5.4

44.4
67.8
79.6
51. 4
67.7

+24.7
+3.6
+6.9
+.5

-21. 1
+9.0
+67.1
+21.9
+16.8

25.32
22.20
32.28
23. 44
33.17

+1.5

+8.6

89.5

+3.7

+13.9

+6.0

97.6

+2.4

+12. 1

+2.4

70.1

+ 1.0

+6. 0

31.44

+7.3
+5.8
+7.0
+5.4
+4.2
+5. 6
+1.6
+5.0
+1.4

76.1
73.5
91.5
69. 8
73.6
8.1.4
73.9

+.9

+11.6
+11.7
+13. 2
+ 11.3
+9.9
+7.6
+2.4
+9. 7
+5.9
+29. 1

30. 29
21.97
18. 73
24.59
1.4. 59
16.91
20. 61
39. 42
39. 50
31.10

+11.8

CO
C6)
(6)

-30.5

+2. 3
+2.7
+2.2
-1.2

+3. 6
+7.4
-1.1

+ 1.0
+ 13.2

91.2
90.1
72.6
53.0
86.2

+10.4
+2.3
+1.0
+1.1
+1.5

-.4

81.1

+1.9

+5.6

—. 5

82.8

+2.0

+7.3

-15.1

+3.3

—.7

+6.8
+29. 9
+15. 5
+10.8

27.8
24. 9
44.6
43. 9
38. 7

30.86

+2.1

+4. 9

39.3

+.2

33. 34

+.8
+.5

+5.8

40.0

-1.4

+3.5

46.3

+.2

-1. 1

+4.0
+5. 7
+5.8
+5.7
+5.5
+1.9

43.1
43.4
39.8
44. 5
47.8
43.4
44.6
(«)
(8)
34.3

-.1
-.3
-.2
-.2
—. ")

+( )

+.4

-1.0
-1.2
(•)
(G)
+3. L

+.9

+2.2
+1.1

+.6
+.1
-.5

+1.6
+2.9

+.8

+4.4
+4.4
+5. 1 +15.6

+.3
+.5

-33.5

-21.2
-4.8
+7. 0
+2. 0
+1.9

-26.4

+16. 4

+15.0
2

+(
)
+1.4
-2.4

+ 1.6
CO
CO
+2.9

2

-.9
-2.1
-.5

+.5

+8.8
+12.4
+22.5
+12.1
+8.5

66. 9

+.4

+4.4

70.2
55. 3
50.4
56. 9
30.4
38.8
46.8

+2.5
+1.4

+4.3
+6.1
+8.7
+5.5
+5.6
+3. 0
+.8
CO
CO
+12.1

CO

(°)
90.5

+.7
+.3
+1.3
+.8
CO
(6)

+ 1.7

+2. 3

1
Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by
a smaller number of establishments as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year are computed from indexes. Percentage changes over month in
average
weekly earnings for the manufacturing groups, for all manufacturing industries combined, and for retail trade are also computed from indexes.
2
Less than Mo of 1 percent.
3 Percentage change in average hours for silk and rayon goods from April 1936 to April 1937 revised to 6.4.
* April employment index for rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes revised to 147.1.
« Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
6 Not available,




CO

14
INDEXES OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS, JANUARY 1936 TO
MAY 1937

Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in tables 4 and 5
for all manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups of manufacturing industries separately, and for
13 nonmanufacturing industries including 2 subgroups under retail
trade, by months from January 1936 to May 1937, inclusive. The
accompanying chart indicates the trend of factory employment and
pay rolls from January 1919 to May 1937.
TABLE 4.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manufacturing
Industries
Combined and in the Durable- and Nondurable-Goods Groups, January 1936 to May
1937 *
[Adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures—3-year average 1923-25=100]
Manufacturing
Durabl B goods 2

Total
Month

Employment

Employment

Pay

rolls

Employment

Pay rolls

1937

1936

1937

1936

1937

1936

1937

1936

1937

80.8 96.5
80.9 99.0
87 9 101.1
89.1 102.1
80.8 102.3
90.1

73.8 90.7
73.7 95.8
77.6 101.1
79.3 104.9
80.8 105 2
81.1

78.7
78.6
80.2
82.3
84.0
84.7

90.4
93.2
96.4
98.6
99 9

66.9
66.6
71.8
76.0
78.5
79.0

86.6
92.5
100.0
106.4
107 5

95.4
95.8
96.1
96.3
96.0
95.9

103.0
105. 2
106.1
105.9
104.8

82.5
82.7
84.9
83.5
83.8
83.9

96.0
99.9
102.6
102.9
102.3

91. 2
90.7
90.9
98. 1

80.2
83 5
83.6
89.0
90 7
95. 2

84.6
84 7
85.7
89.2
91 0
92.7

75.9
77 0
77.2
85.3
88 9
93.4

91.9

82.4

84.7

78.0

1166

January
February
March
April.
May
June.
July
August ..
September..
October
November..
December
Average

Pay rolls

Nondurable goods 3

5
_. 9o
95. 5

1937

1936

98.2
102 8
105.9
104.7 103 3
104.0
99.5

85.6
91.8
91.6
93.7
92.9
97.5
87.9

1
Comparable indexes for earlier years will be found in the February 1937 issue of this report, or in the
April
1937 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
2
Includes the following groups of manufacturing industries: Iron and steel; machinery; transportation
equipment; railroad repair shops; nonferrous metals; lumber and allied products; and stone, clay, and
glass
3 products.
Includos the following groups of manufacturing industries: Textiles and their products, leather and its
manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied
products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not
included in other groups.

The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from returns supplied by representative establishments in 89 manufacturing industries and cover only wage earners. The base used in
computing these indexes is the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100. In
May 1937 reports were received from 25,294 manufacturing establishments employing 4,976,611 workers whose weekly earnings were
.$131,314,127. The employment reports received from these estab-




15
lishments cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in
all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent
of the wage earners in the 89 industries included in the monthly
survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The indexes of nonmanufacturing industries are also computed
from data supplied by reporting establishments, but the base is the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
dyeing and cleaning, and building construction cover wage earners
only, but the figures for public utilities, trade, hotels, brokerage, and
insurance relate to all employees, including executives. For crudepetroleum producing they cover wage earners and clerical field force.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay rolls
for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
TABLE 5.—Indexes

of Employment

and Pay

Rolls

in

Selected

Nonmanufacturing

Industries, January 1936 to May 1937 1
[12-month average 1929=100]

Anthracite mining
Month

Employment

P a y rolls

Bituminous-coal
mining
Employment

P a y rolls

Metalliferous mining

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining

Employment

Employment

P a y rolls

P a y rolls

1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936

January
February
March. _
April
May _
June

59.1
61.2
52.5
49.8
54.9
51.2

July
August
September
October. _ _ _
November
December

48.4
41.1
47.6
49.9
51.5
54 8

37.2
31.4
34.9
48 5
40.3
55 4

75.5
76.9
78.2
81.1
82.3
83.9

62.6
65.4
71.0
79.2
80.7
85.0

61.3
61.6
63.1
64.2
62.9
64.4

46.1
48.2
50.0
53.7
54.6
57.7

54.4
55.3
54.9
M. fi
52. 6
49.4

Average. 51.8

45.7

79.0 . . . . .

70.8 . . . . .

60.3

48.4 . . . . .

49.5 - — 38.9

54.1
52.7
48.9
54.0
51.0

54.4
76.7
42.6
28.6
56.3
42.0

42.7
41.0
37.8
63.9
44.4

79.8
80.2
80.4
77.5
76.2
75.7

84.6
84.8
85.9
72.6
77.8

70.6
78.4
70.2
62.6
62.2
61.5

79.9
82.4
88.4
54.4
67.8

54.2
55.5
55.9
57.5
60.8
61.9

66.8
69.6
73.1
76.2
78.2

41.7
42.8
45.1
45.5
47.7
48.2

58.4
63.4
70.6
76.9
79.6

39.4
36.9
42.2
48.4
52.0
53.5

45.7
46.7
49.1
53.1
54.9

25.5
23.9
30.9
36.1
42.1
44.0

1937
34.6
37.8
41.3
48.1
51.4

43.9
46.2
44.8
46.2
43.5 — - 39.4

* Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will bo found
in the November 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues
of the Monthly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935
issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.




16
TABLE 5.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacluring
Industries, January 1936 to May 1931—Continued
Crude-petroleum
producing
Month

Employment

Pay rolls

Telephone and telegraph

Electric light and
power, and manufactured gas

Electric-railroad and
motorbus
operation and maintenance 2

Employment

Employment

Employment

Pay rolls

P a y rolls

Pay rolls

1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 .1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937

January
February
March
April
May
June

71. 1
70.8
70. 9
71.3
72.7
73.7

July
August.
September
October
November
December
Average. .

75.4
75.0
74.5
73.6
73.2
72.4

60.4
59.7 . . . . .
60. 4
59.6
60. 1
61.3

73.1
73.5
73.7
73.8
73. 7
73. 6

72.9

58. 6

72. 2i

72.7
73.5
74.2
75.8
76.7

55. 7
55.7
56 0
57. 1
58.0
58.9

61.0
63.8
63. 7
67.4
67.7

Employment

74,4
74.8
75 4
76. 6
77.7

3

86.1
86. 1
86.8
88.0
89.0
90.4

92.1 84.8 92. 3
92.0 84.7 93. 3
85 9 94.5
92.9 86.2
94.4 87.0 97.6
88.1

70.7
71.7
71.2
71 3
71.5
71.7

79.9
81.2
78.8
83.1
81.6
82.4

91.7
93.1|
93. 5
94.0
93. 5
93.2

89.8
89.8
91.4
92.7
91.8
93.8

72.4
72.4!
72. 873.1!
73 0
72.5!

66.5
66. 5
66 4
67.7
69 7
69. 3

78.9

90.5

88.8

72.0

67.2

75.0
76.2
77.2
76,0
78.5
77.4

83 6
2
2
86. 3
89.5

3
82.
3
87.
3

Total retail trade

Wholesale trade

Month

70.1
69.9
70 ?,
70.8
71.6
72. 1

Em )lov-

Pay rolls

mt nt"

Pay rolls

72.5
72.5
72.6
72.9
73.3

65.0
68.3
67.8
65.9
66. 1
66 &

68.0
68.7
69.2
69. 4
70.1

Retail trade—general merchandising

Retail tr ade— other
than ge neral merchandisi ng

Employment

Employment

P a y rolls

Pay rolls

1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937

January
February
March
\pril
May
June
July
August...
September
October
November
December
Average..

85. (
85.0
85.6
85.7
84.6
84.6

90. 7
92.0
92.1
91. 9
90.8

66. 6
66. 6
69. 0
67. 9
68.2
68. 4

72.6
74.1
75.0
75.4
76.1

80. 4
79.7
81,9
85. 2
85.0
85. 5

85.4
85.2
88 5
88.8
89.9

62. 1
61.(1
63.5
65.3
65.8
66.4

68. 0
67.9
70. 5
71.9
73.5

85. 4
86. 3
88.0
89.0
89. 7
91.0

69.0
69. 7
70.5
71.5
73.1
72.8

83.2
82.4
86. 6
88.7
90.1
99. 6

65.1
64. 4
66. 6
68. 3
70 1
75.9

86.7 . . . . .

69.4

85.7

66.3 . . . . .

88.2 95. 1
85. 1 93. 9
90. 9 100.3
97.4 99.6
95. 5 102. 1
96. 4
90.7
89.4
98. 5
103.9
109 3
143.4

Employment

Pay rolls

77.3
76.4
82.8
87. 2
91 4
116.2

99.1 — ~

83.5 . . . . . .

Laundries

Year-round hotels

:Month

76.4 S3.8
73. 9 82.9
77.3 87.6
81.0 3 89.1
80.8 91.5
81.3

Employment

59 1 64 7

78.4 82.9
78. 3 82.9
79.5 85.4
82 0 86 0
82.3 86.7
82. fi . . . . .

59.1
60.7
62 1
62. 7
63. 3

81.2
80.5
83.5
84 7
So 1
88.1

62.6
61.9
63.3
64 4
65 7
67. 6

82.2

62.7

64.8
67.0
6« 3
09. 8

Dyeing and cleaning

P a y rolls

Employment

Pay rolls

1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937 1936 1937

January
_.
February
March
April
M ay
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

81.9
82.8
82.8
83.2
84.1
83.1

.-

Average..

83.3
83.2
84.2
- 85.4
84. 6
84.0
83.6

85 5
86.4
86.9
88.4

64. 9
66.5
6Q.0
66.3
87.7 67.0
66.6

70.4
72.5
72.7
74.5
73.6

81.5
81.2
82.1
83.2
85. 5
87.2

88.5
88.6
88.7
88.5
90.3

68.3
67.8
69.9
70.9
75. 6
75.8

76 4
76.3
77.5
78.5
81.4

1
71 5' 76 8
70.3| 76.2
74. 7: 81.1
81.8 84.9
87 3 «8 fi
87.5

51 6
49.0
56.4
64.1
72 2
69.2
64.8
63.2
66.1
66.7
60.2
57.3

mil

66.0
66.1
67.5
69.6
69.6
69.8

90.5
89.6
89.6
87.6
87.0
87.6

79.0
76.7 " " "
76.6
75.3
74.5
76.1

85.5
83.5
86.7
86.5
81.3
77.7

.....

67.2

86.1 . . . . .

73.9 . . . . .

81.2

III"

55 6
54.6
61.7
68.8
73 9

61.7

2 Not including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 3.
3 Revised.



EMPLOYMENT & P \ Y BOLLS
ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
IndexNumbers

140

192325:100

Index Numbers

140

120

100

80

80

60 -

60

40

40

20

20

v

1919 /920 /92I 1922 /923 J924 1925 1926 1927 J928 /929 /9S0. 193/ /932 1933 /934 1935 1936 /937 1938

UWTED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS




18
TREND OF INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT, BY STATES

A comparison of employment and pay rolls, by States and geographic
divisions, in April and May 1937, is shown in table 6 for all groups combined, and for all manufacturing industries combined, based on data
supplied by reporting establishments. The percentage changes shown,
unless otherwise noted, are unweighted—that is, the industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total have not
been weighted according to their relative importance.
The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include figures
for miscellaneous manufacturing industries in addition to the 89 manufacturing industries presented in table 3. The totals for all groups
combined include all manufacturing industries and each of the
nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3 except building
construction.
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
April and May 1937, by Geographic Divisions and by States

in

[Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, b u t are taken from reports issued b y
cooperating State organizations]
Total—All groups
Geographic division and State

New England.
Maine
New
Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts.
Rhode I s l a n d . .
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania..
East North Central.
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central.
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North D a k o t a . .
South D a k o t a . .
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia..
North Carolina
South CarolinaGeorgia
Florida

Manufacturing

PerPerPerPerN u m - Number cent- Amount cent- Num- Number cent- Amount centage
age
ber of on pay
of pay
age
ber of on pay
of pay
roll
estab- roll M a y change
change estabroll
roll
change
change
(1 week) from
(1 week') from
lishfrom
lishMay
from
1937
April M a y 1937 April ments
ments
1937
April M a y 1937 April
1937
1937
1937
1937
14,067
805

954,150
59,453

Dollars
- 0 . 3 23,034, 255
- . 1 1,293,227

Dollars

-0.3

+.1

39,925 - 1 . 9
862,447 -1.3
613
20,012 +1.3
466, 558 + 1.7
487
i 8,383 516,522
+.1 12, m, 810 +.3
98, 235 - 1 . 5 2, 289, 534 - 2 . 1
1, 247
- . 8 5, C30, 679
2, 532 220,003
-.7
-.3
35, 015 2,!, 308, 552 -(2) 63,601,311
-.2:29,851,645
23,039 1, 049, 744
+.3
+.8J 9,648,932 + 1.7
4.197 360,431
—.l|24,100, 734 -1.7
7, 779 """ 7
21,754 2,443,926 +1.8j70,715,311 +2.5
",,133
'"" 681,570 + 2 . i: 19, 309,191
+.9
2,419 286.970 +2.2\ 7,991,665 +2.1
+1.3 17,886,850 +1.0
6 6, 297 653,
3,887 624,056 +2.3:20,234,341 +6.0
+1.3
U,018 197,871 -.I1- 5,293,,
+.9
11,721 437, 328 H-l-o'lO, 678,454
91,211 + 2 . r 2,367,908 +3.6
2,171
65,176 +3.0 1,601,724 +3.4
1,751
3, 062 174,305
4,157, 548 -2.4
5, 238 + 2 . 8
127,329 +6.0
537
7,914 +1.9:
207,766 +5.1
455
33, 7f
1,572
+.8
821,051 +2.5
59,725 3 + 3 . 7 1,395,128 s+1.6
»2,173
-.718,036,588 +1.6
11,209 878,433
16, 763 + 1 . 9
211
429,556 +1.4
1,579 HI, 559 +1.2. 3,522,981
!
1.100
41, 681
+ . 6 1,075,347 +1.3
2, 134 109,579 + 1.0 2,187,176 + 1.2
:
1, 268 158,92,
+ . 8 4,064,744 +9.9
1,444
163, 232 - 1 . 7 2,618,231 - 2 . 5
781
79, 704 - 1 . 9 1,239,009
1,552 121, 750
- . 5 2,062,098
1, 140
45, 240 -11.11
837.446 -6.7

See footnotes at end of table.




3,511
288

673, 744
48, 749

-0.9 15,935,098
-.3 1,032,136

-1.4
-.4

32, 917
691, 577 - 2 . 4
147
13,016
304,041
+.1
1,690 313,290 — 1 .
7,393,116 -1.7
420
79,075 -2.0 1, 781, 007 - 2 . 8
4, 733, 221 - . 6
758 186, 697
-.1
5,259 1,, 296,483
-.2 35,576,490
3
2.117 471,339 +(2) 13,160,110 - . 1
*828 267,056
7,082,943 +1.3
2,314 558,088
15,333,437 5 - . 2
7,523 1,912,308 +1.6 57,201,311 +2.1
2. 535 515,771 +2.2 15,192, 659
+.1
'889 239,106 +2.1 6, 870,542 +1.6
2,426 462, 026 +1.1 12, 878, r "
+-i
948 534,437 +2.0 17,830,112 +5.8
*725 160,968 5 -1.3 4, 429, 604 s-. 7
427
408
872
58
41
158
562
1,796
81
581

221,975
43, 904
39, 364
97,291
785
2, 251
11,672
26, 708
591, 830
12,907
100, 015

468
252
573
212
387
201

3,582
74, 203
63, 682
150,466
71, 275
94,613
21,087

+.4 5, 402, 436
+3.5 1,120, 843
+3.2 1,001,122

-1.1
+2.2
+2.7

2, 210, 78K

-5. 5

22,048
+8.4
59, 484
+.3
304,294
+1.6
683, 85,
+1.4
- 1 . 2 11
., 499, 397
+ 1.6
329, 673
s+1.1 2,517,121

+9. 7
+6.4
+1.9
+1.0
-1.1
+.7
5
+.4

+2.9
124,990
-3.3 1, 487, 502
+1.1 1, 769, 740

+3.1

-2.4

- 1 . 7 2, 373, 716
- 2 . 2 1,078, 600
- 1 . 0 1,470,616
-7.2
347,439

-2.7
+2.8
-2.9
-1.3
-1.7
-5.9

19
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
April and May 1937, by Geographic Divisions and by States—Continued
Total—All rgoups

Manufacturing
i

'Geographic division and State

PerPerPerNum- Number cent- Amount cent- Num- Number cent- Amount
ber of on pay
of pay
age ber of on pay
age
age
of pay
estab- roll May change
roll
change
roll
change estabroll
lishfrom
(1
week)
from
(1
week)
from
May
lish1937
ments
April May 1937
April May 1937 April ments
1937
1937
1937
1937

Hast South Central. _
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi

4,186
].3O7
1,321
982
576

304, 302
87, 588
108, 792
91, 2(50
16, 662

West South Central.

4,484
io 425
1,003
1,320
"1,736

206, 849
22, 763
49, 301
45, 732
89,053

4,238
074
48'
321
1,177
312
467
590
207

134, 346
20,835
10,826
8,829
43, 990
7, 333
IS. 733
20,616
3,184

Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific
Washington
Oregon
California

_.

8,950
3,0fi5
1,352

445, 713
102, 350
55,407
12 4, 533 287,956

+2.7
+4.1
+1.3
+4.0
-2.3

Dollars
5, 820.714
1,909, 521
2, 019, 787
1, 607,944
283,462

+1.0

4, 742, 520
429,406
962, 282
+2*.O ], 142. 944
+1.6 2,207,888

+C2)

+J.2 3, 701,138
+2.3
654,716

+5.9

289,649
-.1
224, 936
+1.12 1,186,242
159,890
-2. 3
554,850
+2.0
533,404
+2.5
97,451

+1.1
+2.5
-2.1

12,385,168
2,808,837
1,418,558
8,157, 773

+2.7
+3.2
+2.2
+3.8
-1.7
+2.1
+.5

1,012
297
384
244
87

197, 877
39,829
82,194
66, 288
9,566

1,

103,377
16,948
26, 675
12,925
46,829

+l:i
+2.8
+4.6
+4.6
+2.8
-.5
+8.8
-1.2
+2.3
+4.0
+2.1
-.4
+1.2
+.2
-1.1

84
53
39
188
31
37
102
25
2,448
559
306
1, 583

Dollars
- 0 . 9 3,705,432
-1.4
881, 344
- . 1 1,494.868
- . 8 1,181, 624
-4.9
'147,596
+•?

+2!
+1.8
39,943 +3.1
5,157 +2.8
3,309 +9.5
1.711 +2.6
17,499 +2.8
938
3,207 +4-2
7,108 +1. 5
1,014 +1.6
261, 676 -2.0
58, 592 +1. 6
32,242 +2.9
170,842
/

2,238, 553
299,141
463,183
307, 740
1,
1,134,432
157, 272
86, 654
53,473
521, 522
17,791
84,461
183, 300
29,959
7, 312, 991
1,595, 590
792,842
4,924.559

Percentage
change
from
April
1937

-0.9

-3.6

+.8

+ (2)

-7.4

+1.3

+.6

-2.7

+4.0
+2.4
+9.7
+4.6
+6.8
+.1
+1.5.7
+5.8
+9.8
+4.8
+.6
-2.0
+.5
-2.2
-2.8

1
Includes banks and trust companies, construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment,
amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling.
2 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
3 Includes laundering and cleaning, and water, light, and power.
*5 Includes laundries.
8 Weighted percentage change.
Includes automobile, and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
^ Includes construction but not public works.
* Docs not include logging.
* Includesfinancialinstitutions, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
10
Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.
" Includes business and personal services.
12
Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS IN
PRINCIPAL CITIES

A comparison of May 1937 employment and pay rolls with the April
totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000
or over is made in table 7. The changes are computed from reports
received from identical establishments in both months.
In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups
regularly covered in the survey by the Bureau, reports have also been
secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these
city totals. As information concerning employment in building construction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this
industry have not been included in these city totals.




20
TABLE 7.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
April and May 1937, by Principal Cities

City

New York, N. Y.._.
Chicago, 111
Philadelphia, P a . . . .
Detroit, Mich__
Los Angeles, Calif...

Amount of
Number of Number Percentage
pay roll
change
establish- on pay roll from
(1 week)
April
ments
(May 1937)
(May 1937)
1937
17,414
4,515
2,570
1,649
2,789

724,751
503,535
229,118
411, 440
162,090

Cleveland, Ohio
St. Louis, Mo
Baltimore, Md
Boston, Mass

1,771
1,558
1,244
3,881

149,172
137, 704
111,957
193, 092

Pittsburgh, Pa
San Francisco, Calif.
Buffalo, N. Y
Milwaukee, Wis

1,325
1,631

215,833
89, 338
84, 258
89, 694

909
724

-0.2

+1.5
-3.9
+3.6
+.5
+.1

—1.1

+1.6
-.2
+3.5
-1.3
-.4
-.5

$20,088,124
14, 570,356
6, 235,923
13,963,279
4, 604,335
4, 246,032
3,439, 046
2,898, 541
4, 838,397
6, 473, 605
2,642,956
2, 656, 269
2, 497, 620

Percentage
change
from April
1937

+0.3
+1.2
-3.0
+9.3
+1.5
-1.9
-3.8

+.2
-.4

+4.5
-.9
+.9
-1.0

Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935 and title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation
Act of 1936. The First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited
as the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, reappropriated
unobligated funds originally made available under the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 and authorized the use of $300,000,000 from funds on hand or received from the sale of securities.
By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,
approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive orders,
inaugurated a broad program of works to be carried out by 61 units of
the Federal Government. The Works Program has been continued
by title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited
as the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936. Employment
created by this program includes employment on Federal projects
and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are those conducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments from The Works Program fund.
Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration are those
projects conducted under the supervision of the Works Progress Administration with the cooperation of States, cities, or counties.
The emergency conservation program (Civilian Conservation Corps)
created in April 1933 was further extended under authority of the



21
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Since July 1, 1936,
emergency conservation work has been continued from appropriations
authorized by the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936.
With the following exceptions, statistics on public employment refer
to the month ending on the 15th: Employment statistics for the
Federal service and for emergency conservation work refer to the
number employed on the last day of the month; pay-roll data are for
the entire month. Employment and pay-roll data for projects
operated by the Works Progress Administration from the beginning
of the program to April 1937, inclusive, are for the month ending
on the 15th. Beginning with May 1937, however, these data are
presented on a calendar-monthly basis. The value of material orders
placed for projects operated by the Works Progress Administration is
a cumulative total from the beginning of the program to the end of
the current calendar month and is not available on a monthly basis.
Employment and pay-roll statistics on National Youth Administration work projects and student aid are for the calendar month. Data
on the value of material orders placed on work projects of the
National Youth Administration are cumulative through the current
calendar month.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Statistics of employment in the executive service of the Federal
Government in May 1937, April 1937, and May 1936 are given in
table 8.
TABLE 8.—Employees

in the Executive Service of the U. S. Government, May

April 1937, and May 1936

l

1931\

[Subject to revision]
District of Columbia 2

Outside District of
Columbia

Entire service a

Item
Perma- TempoPerma- Temporary Total nent rary 3 Total
nent
Number of employees:
May 1937.April 1937
May 1936
Percentage change:
April 1937 to May 1937..
May 1936 to May 1937_.
Labor turn-over May 1937:
Number of— s
Separations
Accessions 5
Turn-over rate per 100:
Separation rate
Accession rate

108,664
108,866
107,802

Perma- Temporary 3 Total
nent

7,610 116,274 619,572 104, 675 724, 247 728, 236 112, 285 ^840,521
7,889 116,755 617,984 100,900 718,884 726,850 108, 789 835,639
9,417 117, 219 598,309 100, 725 699,034 706, 111 110,142 816, 253

-0.19
-3.54
+0.80 -19.19

-0.41
-0.81

+0. 26
+3. 55

+3. 74
+3.92

+0.75 +0.19 +3.21
+3.61 +3.13 +1. 95

+0. 58
+2. 97

1,481

854
1,080

2,335
2,070

7,971
8,940

14, 321
18,497

22, 292
27,437

9,452
9,930

15,175
19, 577

24,627
29,507

1.36
0.91

11.02
13.94

2.01
1.78

1.29
1.44

13. 93
18.00

3.09
3.80

1.30
1.36

13.73
17.71

2.94
3.52

12 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month.
Includes employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
3
Not including field employees of Post Office Department, or 34,298 employees hired under letters of
authorization
by the Department of Agriculture, with a pay roll of $1,528,510.
4
Includes 2 employees by transfer previously reported as separations, not actual additions for May.
5
Not including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be
regarded as labor turn-ovor.




22

The monthly record of employment in the executive service of theUnited States Government from May 1936 to May 1937, inclusive,,
is shown in table 9.
TABLE 9.—Employment in the Executive Service of the U. S. Government, by Months,.
May 1936 Through May 1937
[Subject to revision]

Month

District

Outside

District
of
Columbia Columbia

Total

1936

Total

of

1937

May
June
July
August

117,219
117,459
116,250
115, 796

699,034
705,193
712, 557
716, 579

816,253
822,652
828, 807
832,375

September. _
October
November. _
December. _

115,050
114,783
115,174
116,345

718,990
724,361
722,098
712,962

834,040
839,144
837, 272
829, 307

1

Outside
District
Columbia C o l u ° m b i a
District

Month

January
February...

116,259
116,259

713,924
710,462

830,183.
826, 721

March
April
May

116, 5S5
116, 755
116, 274

713,047
718, 884
724, 247

829, 582
835,639840,521

Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month.

CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

WORKS

Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during May on construction projects financed by Public WorksAdministration funds are given in table 10, by type of project.
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed
from Public Works
Administration Funds, May 1937 1
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum
number
employed 2

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number
of manhours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per
hour

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Federal projects financed from N. I. R. A. funds
All projects

—

3 38,509

35, 578

$3, 315,261

4,486,925

$0. 739

Building construction
Naval vessels
Public roads *
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
__
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

5,065
10,469
(5)
1, 572
7,510
70
275
678

4,209
9,986
12,870
1,335
6, 265
59
210
644

436, 205
1,257,812
611,110
167,941
757,924
6,202
11,261
66,806

498,269
1, 551,854
1,177,880
227,008
912, 379
7,431
22,156
89,948

.875
.811
.519
.740
.831
.835
.508
.743

$6, 337, 593

969, 6292,413,963
800,000
1,371,86&
625,78t
478
3,838
152,036

Non-Federal projects financed from N . I . R. A. funds

All projects
Building construction
Railroad construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
See footnotes at end of table.




27,949

23, 292 $2, 196,156

13,228
841
2,369
8,826
2,685

10,849
837
1,846
7,385
2,375

1,033,402
31,024
168,419
800,876
162, 435

2,448, 724 $0. 897
1,041,060
61,975
198,779
829, 298
317,612

.993
.501
.847
.966
.511

$4, 393, 688
2,133, 679
0
182, 290
1, 683,931
393, 788

23
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Administration Funds, May 1937—Continued
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum
number
employed 2

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number
of manhours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per
hour

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 and 1936 funds •
All projects 7
Building construction 7
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Keclamation
Kiver, harbor, and flood control.
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

139,501
81,339
561
3,858
2,229
322
22, 211
27,177
1,804

116,442 $10, 339,137 13,049, 326 $0. 792 $20,996,436
67,865
445
3, 289
1,976
273
17, 701
23,255
1,638

0,397,159
41,567
353,634
258,513
20, 007
1,126,577
1,991.307
150,373

7,164,430
66, .197
404,104
356, 441
32,211
2,104,703
2, 739,981
181,259

.893
.628
.875
. 725
.621
. 535
. 727
.830

13,443,001
206,808
406, 374
764,541
30,073
2,153,053
3,501,631
490,955

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public roads.
4
Estimated
by the Bureau of Public Roads.
5
Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.
6
These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed by The Works Program.
7 Includes a maximum of 16,763 and an average of 14,592 employees working on low-cost housing projects
financed from E. K. A. A. 1935 funds who were paid $1,728,860 for 1,800,183 man-hours of labor. Material
orders in the amount of $3,861,142 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate
tables covering projects financed from The Works Program.

Federal construction projects for which data are included in tables
10 and 11 are financed by allotments made by the Public Works
Administration to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the National Industrial
Recovery Act. The major portion of the low-cost housing program
now under way, howrever, is financed by funds provided under the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. The work is performed
either by commercial firms which have been awarded contracts, or
by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the
Public Works Administration from funds available under either the
National Industrial Recovery Act, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, or the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936.
Most of the allotments have been made to the States and their
political subdivisions, but occasionally allotments have been made to
commercial firms. In financing projects for the States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated under the National Industrial
Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant
of not more than 30 percent of the total labor and material cost. When
funds provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of
1935 or the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936 are used to
finance a non-Federal project, as much as 45 percent of the total cost
may be furnished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent
or more of the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances



24

justify such action, the Public Works Administration may provide
the grantee with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments
to commercial enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by
the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a
definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works
Administration to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public.
In this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of the
activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in commercial
shops.
MONTHLY TREND
A summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed from Public Works Administration funds from July
1933 to May 1937, inclusive, is given in table 11.
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to May 1937, Inclusive, on Projects
Financed from Public Works Administration Funds *
[Subject to revision]
Maximum
number
of wage2
earners

Year and month

July 1933 to May 1937, inclusive 3«_.

Pay-roll
disbursements

$928,400, 926 1, 385,100, 006
-

July to December 1933, inclusive
January to December 1934, inclusive...
January to December 1935, inclusive 33 .
January to December 1936, inclusive .
January 3...
February 3_
March 3
April 3
May 3

1987

Average
earnings
per hour

Number of
man-hours
worked

-

•

—

62, 209,479
523, 561, 666
391,919,033
316,666,182
202,175
174,990
173, 574
192,201
200, 019

15,439,981
13, 796, 390
13, 353,904
15, 242, 390
15, 850, 554

18, 768, 676
16, 580,393
16, 341, 250
19,068, 352
19, 984,975

Value of
material
orders placed

$0. 670 $1, 649,968,218
—
.534
75, 524, 702
a 610,051,090
.690
»439,152,426
.767
8 401,065, 634
.823
.832
.817
.799
.793

26,929, 30S
19,170, 733
20,461, 435
25,885,173
31, 727, 717

1
2

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
3
Includes employees working on non-Federal projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 and 1936 funds and
low-cost housing projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 funds. These data are also included in separate
tables
covering projects financed by The Works Program.
4
Revised.
* Includes orders placed by railroads for new equipment.

THE WORKS PROGRAM

A detailed record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on projects financed by The Works Program in May is shown in
table 12, by type of project.



25
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program,
May 1937 1
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum
Weekly
number 2 average
employed

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours Average
earnings
worked
per hour
during
month

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Federal projects
All projects.
Building construction
Electrification
Forestry
G rade-crossing elimination
Heavy engineering
Hydroelectric power plants 3
Plant, crop, and livestock conservation.
Professional, technical, and clericalPublic roads
__
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
_
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
___

266,686

$0.521

241,026

$14,154,856

27,170, 573

43,
3,
25,
22,

302
250
218
415
4
2,590

39,469
3,052
22,978
18, 2(32
4
2,590

2,793, 667
125, 859
945, 756
1,366, 528
411
31,144

4,056,160
284, 562
2, 280,680
2,158,197
525
121, 777

.689
.442
.415
. 633
.783
.256

1, 207,925
266, 426
245,962
2, 240, 453
42
3,344

26,916
12,431
27, 807
65,147
13, 708
9,527
1,918
12,393

23, 350
12, 427
22, 414
62,966
11, 869
8, 625
1, 552
11,468

821, 595
1, 047, 381
1,350, 640
3, 736,030
1,003, 585
352,950
54, 509
524,801

2,917,892
1, 543, 528
2, 608, 742
7,414, 703
1,445,739
1,046,898
148, 937
1,142, 233

.282
.679
.518
.504
.694
.337
.366
.459

32, 660
84, 661
1, 394, 466
1,074, 615
603, 523
110, 305
27, 432
271, 387

P . W. A. projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 a n d 1936 funds «
All projects

Building construction
..Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
_
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

139, 561
81, 339
561
3,858
2,229
322
22, 211
27,177
1,864

116, 442 $10, 339,137

13,049,326

$0,792

$20,996,436

6,397,159
41, 567
353, 634
258,513
20, 007
1,126, 577
1,991,307
150, 373

7,164,430
66,197
404,104
356, 441
32, 211
2,104, 703
2, 739,981
181, 259

.893
.628
.875
.725
.621
.535
.727
.830

13, 443,001
206,808
406, 374
764, 541
30,073
2,153, 053
3, 501, 631
490, 955

67,865
445
3,289
1,976
273
17, 701
23, 255
1,638

I
Projects operated by Works Progress Administration

All projects.
Conservation
_
nighway, road, and street
Housing...
___
Professional, technical, and clerical..
Public building
Publicly owned or operated
utilitiesRecreational facilities 7
Sanitation and health
!
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc
j
Transportation
I
Not elsewhere classified
j

2,149,288 I

108,885
768,498
3,621
237, 627
186,949
208, 287
186, 761.
62, 759
267, 735
41,133
77, 033

($111,720,096 218,216,281

5, 095, 065
34,834, 540
227, 025
17,248,215
11, 289, 068
10,970, 427
10,953,126
2, 640, 692
12,070, 849
2,237, 335
4,153, 754

10, 573,108
76,163, 441
375, 840
25,919, 782
17, 370, 016
20, 651,175
18, 476,463
6,160, 487
29,912,191
4,102,163
8, 511, 015

3

$0,512
.482
.457
. 604
. 665
. 050
.531
. 593
.429
.404
. 515
.488

1 Unless otherwise noted data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
34 These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico.
Includes data for 122,798 employees working on non-Federal projects and 16,763 employees working on
low-cost housing projects. These data are included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction
of P. W. A.
5
Data are for the calendar month.
6
Data on a monthly basis are not available.
7
Exclusive of buildings.

Statistics on employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
National Youth Administration work projects and student aid in
May are shown in table 13, by type of project.




26
TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration and Student-Aid Projects Financed by The Works Program, May 1937 x
[Subject to revision]

Type of program

Total...
Work projects
Student aid..

Number Monthly
pay-roll
of persons disburseemployed ments

Number of
Value of
man-hours Average material
earnings
orders
worked
per hour placed durduring
ing month
month

602,535

$6,685,711

20, 596, 607

$0. 325

184,173
418,362

3, 093, 750
3, 591,961

8,341,895
12, 254, 712

.371
.293

1
These data are for a calendar month.
2 Data are not available on a monthly basis.
3 No expenditures for materials on this type of project.

MONTHLY TREND

Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed
by The Works Program from the beginning of the program in July
1935 to May 1937, inclusive, are given in table 14.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1935 to May 1937, Inclusive, on Projects
Financed by The Works Program J
[Subject to revision]

Month and year

Maximum Pay-roll dis- Number of
number
man-hours
employed 2 bursements
worked

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed

Federal projects
$333,745,748

July 1935 to May 1937, inclusive.
July to December 1935
January to December 1936..
January. _.

1937

February..
March
April
May

328, 867
267, 525
249, 690
254, 524
266, 686

721,089,127

$0.463

$213, 992, 243

36, 951, 974
228, 024, 201

80, 745, 958
501, 501, 344

.458
.455

34, 763,337
142,937, 728

15, 652, 964
13, 024,133
12, 504,895
13,432,725
14,154,856

32. 064,351
27, 260, 313
25, 666, 281
26, 680,307
27,170, 573

.488
.478
.487
.503
.521

7, 595, 246
6,874,851
7, 356, 372
6, 901, 508
7, 563, 201

P. W . A. projects financed from E . R. A. A. 1935 and 1936 funds *

July 1935 to May 1937, inclusiveJuly to December 1935 *
January to December 1936..
January..

1937

February.
March
April
May

See footnotes at end of table.




131,153
115,214
113,930
129,887
139, 5(51

$153,517,777

200, 567,982

1,089,510
106, 441,300

1, 657, 968
142, 082,051

.657
.749

2, 061, 700
212,853, 501

9, 346, 663
8, 428, 606
8, 254,306
9, 618, 255
10, 339,137

11,390,883
10,212,726
10,147, 405
12, 027, 623
13, 019,326

.821
.825
.813
.800
.792

16, 361, 268
13, 543,480
14, 486, 389
18, 563, 586
20, 996, 436

$0. 765 $298,866, 360

27
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1935 to May
1937, Inclusive, on Projects
Financed by The Works Proaram 1—Continued
Maximum
number
employed 2

Month and year

Number of
man-hours
worked

Pay-roll disbursements

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed

Projects operated by Works Progress Administration

August 1935 to May 1937, inclusive

$2, 334, 420, 790 4,992,741,356

August to December 1935
J a n u a r y to December 1936
1937

January
February
March
April :
May

_ _

_ _

$0. 468 e$713,373,164

174,699,862
414, 672, 261
1, 583, 352, 239 3,449, 241,880

.421
.459

231,218.557
225,300,018
226.101,290
227.991,069
218,216,281

.513
.513
. 507
. 508
512

2,132,861
2,125,742
2,104,938
2,100,965
2,149, 288

118,612,830
115,544,451
114,688,415
115,802,897
111,720.096

5

12 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
These data are included in tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Works Administration. The data for May include 122,798 employees working on non-Federal projects and 16,763 employees
working
on low-cost housing projects.
4
Kevised.
5
These data exclude both work projects and student-aid projects of the National Youth Administration
which
appear in a separate table.
6
Data on a monthly basis are not available.
7 Data are for the calendar month.

Table 15 shows the employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on work projects of the National Youth Administration from January
1936 to May 1937, inclusive. Similar data for student-aid projects
are shown from September 1935 to May 1937, inclusive.
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls From Beginning of Program Through May
1937, on National Youth Administration and Student-Aid Projects Financed
by The Works Program 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of
persons
employed

Month and year

Number of
man-hours
worked

Pay-roll
disbursements

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed

Work projects
January 1936 to May 1937, inclusiveJanuary to December 1936

January
_
February..
March
April.
May__

$44,646,772 118,332,745

_

28,822,196

1937

_

_

184,686
189,228
191,569
191,982
184,173

3, 084. 561
3, 239, 694
3, 224, 944
3,181, 627
3, 093, 750

$0,377

75, 659,914

.381

8, 212, 091
8,731,727
8, 724,840
8, 662, 278
8,341,895

. 376
.371
.370
.367
.371

Student aid

September 1935 to May 1937, inclusive.

$48, 376, 569 160, 683,116

September to December 1935. _
January to December J936
January <..
February *
March *._.
April
May

1937

1
'These
2

412,316
417,470
435,619
434, 744
418,362

data are for a calendar month.
These data are not available on a monthly basis.
s^NTo expenditures for materials on this type of project.
* Revised.




2,943, 731
3,161, 600
3, 290, 723
3,302,100
3, 591, 961

$0. 301
.324
.303

6, 363, 503
25, 722,951
10,142,349
10,948,189
11,384,181
11,443,240
12.254,712

.290
.289
.289
. 293

2 1,576,323

EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK

Statistics concerning employment and pay rolls in emergency
conservation work in April and May 1937 are presented in table 16.
Emergency conservation work is usually regarded as a part of The
Works Program, although it is now financed by a separate appropriation.
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work, April and
May 1937 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees

Amount of pay rolls

Group
April

May

All groups

_

Enrolled personnel 2
Reserve officers
Educational advisers 3
Supervisory and technical «

. _ .

May

April

348,905

369,309

$16,719,019

$17, 502, 905

297,442
7,365
2,011
«42,087

318,820
7, 507
1, 991
e 40, 991

9, 248, 261
1, 891,477
322,845
« 5, 256,436

9,926, 762
1,942,115
328,938
6 5,305, 090

1 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amounts of pay rolls are for
the entire month.
2 May data include 3,435 enrollees and payroll of $66,425 outside continental United States; April, 3,595enrollees
and pay roll of $82,289.
3
Included in executive service, tables 8 and 9.
* Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers.
« 39,919 employees and pay roll of $5,047,208 also included in executive service, tables 8 and 9.
e 38,626 employees and pay roll of $5,120,860 also included in executive service, tables 8 and 9.

Employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation workers
are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce,
the Treasury Department, and the Department of the Interior. The
monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed as follows: 5.0
percent are paid $45; 8.0 percent, $36; and the remaining 87.0 percent,
$30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are provided with
board, clothing, and medical services.
Monthly statistics of employment and pay rolls on the emergency
conservation program from May 1936 to May 1937, inclusive, are
given in table 17.
TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation
Work, by Monthsr
May 1936 through May 1931l
[Subject to revision]
Month

Number of
employees

Monthly
pay-roll disbursements

May
June
July....
August..

405,646
381,305
402,368
381,425

$18,257,959
17,633, 925
18,064,882
17,475, 592

September..
October
November..

318, 707
402, 669
389,122

16,005,247
17,292,812
18, 232,391

Month
1936— Continued
December...

Number of
employees

374,

744

Monthlypay-roll disbursements
2 $17, 738,965

1907

January..
February..
March
April
May

407, 723
394, 521
307,337
369,309
348,905

18, 650, 537
18,314, 594
15,770,090
17,502,905
16,719,019

i Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month, Amounts of pay rolls are for
entire month.
»Revised.




29
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION
FINANCE CORPORATION

Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in May are presented in table 18, by type of project.
T A B L E 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls of Projects Financed by the
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, May 1937 1

Reconstruction

[Subject to revision]
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Number of
wage
earners *

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

All projects

5,847

$790,018

967, 273

$0,817

$902. 762

Building construction 3
Water and sewerage
M iscellaneous

355
5,309
183

25,762
744,823
19,433

49,011
891,864

.526
.835
.736

8, 705
888, 380
5,677

Type of project

Average
earnings
per hour

1
Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month.
Includes 80 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $4,420; 10,225 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed during the month amounting to $4,008 on projects financed by R F C Mortgage Co.
3

A monthly summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from May 1936 to May 1937, inclusive, is given
in table 19.
T A B L E 19.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, May 1936 through May 1937 *
[Subject to revision]

I Number
Month

j of wage

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
order
placed during month

1936
May....
Juno
July.—.
August-.

10,988
8, 501
9,843
9, 658

$962, 280
941,680
1,063,728
1,065,744

1,244,097
1,252, .193
1, 436, 201
1, 441, 791

1.773
. 752
.741
.739

$1,441,248
2, 527, 262
2, 050, 570
1, 314,692

September..
October
November..
December.-

10, 290
8, 864
9,0.11
9, 189

1,085,642
1,002,648
1,108,258
1,106,816

1,510,109
1,347,317
1,502,460
1,514,355

.719
. 744
.738
.731

1,420, 444
1, 298, 643
3, 008, 077
1,133,075

8, 232
7, 299
7, 696
8,226
5,847

968,077
861, 776
929, 032
1,041,280
790,018

1,300,989
1,150.721
1,191,977
1,295,053
967, 273

.744
.752

2, 329, 944
1, 018, 058
1,138,460
1,023,599
902. 762

1937
January...
February..
March....
April
May

.804
.817

1
Includes projects financed by RFC Mortgage Co. Data are for month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month.




30
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR GOVERNMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS

Whenever a construction contract is awarded or force-account work
is started by a department or agency of the Federal Government, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on forms supplied
by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the amount
of the contract, and the type of work to be performed. Blanks are
then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Government agency
doing the work. These reports are returned to the Bureau and show
the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts disbursed for pay, the
number of man-hours worked on the project, and the value of the
different types of materials for which orders were placed during the
month.
The following tables present data concerning construction projects
for which contracts have been awarded sine July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not have statistics covering projects financed from regular
governmental appropriations for which contracts were awarded
previous to that date.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations during May are given in table 20, by type of project.
TABLE 20.—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental
Appropriations, by Type of Project, May 1937 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of wage
earners
Type of project

All projects
Building construction
Electrification
Forestry
Naval vessels
Public roads *
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control..
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

Maximum
number
employed 2
3 160, 346
15, 039
602
59
38, 604
5
()
10, 659
34,942
2.293
19
2,906

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
Value of
man-hours Average material
worked
earnings
orders
during
per hour placed durmonth
ing month

152,414 $15,278, 529 21,858,124
13,051
570
53
38,010
54, 503
10, 329
31,151
2,097
10
2,634

1,208,515
38, 940
4,872
5,122,281
3, 858, 376
1, 252, 763
3,395,607
115,013
1, 890
220, 206

1, 504, 348
69, 820
8,226
5,869,001
7,003, 998
1,609,202
5, 205. 622
247, 407
2,313

278,127

$0. 099
.843
.558
. 592
.873
. 546
.778
. 652
. 405
.81.7
. 792

8, 508, 278
2,(525,830
234, 375
2, 315
6,371,089
5, 050, 974
723,435
3,081,131
146,918
15, 086
257,119

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public roads.
* Estimated by the Bureau of Public Roads.
* Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.

Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction
projects financed from regular governmental appropriations from May
1936 to May 1937, inclusive, are shown by months in table 21.




31
TABLE 21.—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental
Appropriations, May 1936 through May 1937 1
[Subject to revision]
Number
of wage
earners 2

Month

May___
June___
July..__
August.
September.
October
November.
December..
January. _
February.
March
April
May

Monthly
pay-roll disbursements

1936

1937

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed during month

80, 988
109,050
146. 205
105,870

$6,091,936
9, 438, 391
14, 286, 923
15,341,364

10,139,783
14, 058, 021
21, 624,176
23,151,796

). 001
. 614
. 061
.663

$9,843, 405
13,285,515
27,631,349
19. 288, 486

160. 902
175,071
152, 513
144,274

1.4,846, 961
16,931,017
13,766,030
13, 491, 223

22, 475, 820
25, 505, 290
20. 375, 741
19,164, 094

. 661
. 664
. 670
.704

22,164,
20, 357.
10.370.
10, 009,

119,853
112,770
120,175
132, 639
160, 346

11,857,007
10,904. 648
11,847,783
13,855,633
15, 278, 529

16, 500, 278
14, 735,028
10, 280,905
19, 545, 518
21, 858,124

.718
. 7*0
.728
. 709

11,729,532
13,613.251
12, 820. 438
15,572. 1 OS
18, 508, 278

997
778
CIO
255

12 Data are for the month ending on the loth.
Maximum number em ployed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
STATE-ROADS

PROJECTS

A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction and maintenance of State roads from May 1936 to May 1937,
inclusive, is presented in table 22.
TABLE 22.—Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads, May 1936
Through May 1937 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees working on—2
Month
New roads
May....
June
July
August..
September.
October
November.
December..
January..
February.
March.."_.
April
May

Maintenance

Total
pay roll
Total

1936
16,
20,
21,
26,

566
773
744
810

164, 354
165, 303
164, 956
158,882

180, 922
180,136
186, 700
185, 692

$10. 500, 866
11,488,253
11,839,215
11, 937, 5S5

34, 459
34,136
27, 988
21, 394

151,772
149, 717
153,688
138, 510

186,231
183,853
181,676
159, 934

11,806,481
11,566,892
11,330.509
10, 000, 371

15, 622
11,706
11, 802
13, 104
17, 241

117, 576
120, 78(5
119,040
124. 7(51
159,167

133,198
132, 492
130.848
137, 925
170, 408

8, 387, 861
8, 500, 561
8, 333, 600
9, 108,030
10, 850, 394

1937

1
Excluding employment, furnished by projects financed from Public Works Administration and "Works
Progress
Administration funds. Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2
Monthly average.




O