Full text of Employment and Payrolls : May 1935
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S e ria l N o . R . 254 UNITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R Frances Perkins, Secretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner T re n d o f Em ploym ent + M a y 1935 + Prepared by Division of Employment Statistics L e w i s E. T a l b e r t , Chief and Division of Construction and Public Employment H e r m a n B. B y e r , Chief UNITED STATES G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G OFFICE W A S H I N G T O N : 1935 CONTENTS Page E m p l o y m e n t in M a y 1935........... ............................... — Industrial e m p l o y m e n t ..... ..... ..... -----------_------ ------------Manufacturing industries__________________________________________ Long-time trend of factory e m p l o y m e n t a nd p ay rolls__________ Estimated n u m b e r of w a g e earners a n d weekly pa y rolls_______ Trade, public utility, mining, a nd service industries________________ Indexes of e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls__________________________ E m p l o y m e n t in building construction______________________________ E m p l o y m e n t on class I railroads___________________________________ Trend of industrial e m p l o y m e n t b y States__________________________ Industrial e mp l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls in principal cities_____________ Public e m p l o y m e n t ----------------------- -------- -------------------Executive, legislative, military, a n d judicial services of the Federal G o v e r n m e n t _____________________________________________________ Construction projects financed b y Public W o r k s Administration____ Comparison b y geographic divisions___________________________ M o n th ly trend________________________________________________ Value of material orders placed________________________________ Emergency-work program__________________________________________ Eme r g e n c y conservation w o r k ______________________________________ State-road projects_________________________________________________ Construction projects financed b y the Reconstruction Finance Cor poration___._____________________________________________________ Construction projects financed from regular appropriations____-____ Wage-rate changes_____________________________________________________ Manufacturing industries__________________________________________ Trade, public utility, mining, a n d service industries_______________ (H) 1 2 2 8 If) 12 15 17 20 21 29 29 30 32 34 36 37 39 40 41 43 46 49 49 52 T R E N D O F E M P L O Y M E N T Em ploym ent in M a y 1935 ESPONDING to the usual seasonal influences, industrial ^ e m p l o y m e n t declined in M a y . T h e decline w a s b y n o m e a n s general, increases in e m p l o y m e n t f r o m April to M a y being reported b y 13 of the 17 n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries surv e y e d b y the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistibs a n d 38 of the 90 m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries. T h e s e gains, however, w e r e m o r e t h a n offset b y sharp declines in other direc tions a n d net decreases of 135,000 in e m p l o y m e n t a n d approximately $3,900,000 in w e e k l y w a g e disbursements are s h o w n for industry as a whole. M a n u f a c t u r i n g industries alone accounted for m o r e t h a n 8 0 per cent of the net decrease in industrial e m p l o y m e n t . B u t recessions w e r e also reported in retail distribution, a n o r m a l reaction following the spring peak, a n d in wholesale trade. Aside f r o m the anticipated seasonal forces, e m p l o y m e n t in M a y w a s adversely affected b y strikes at a n u m b e r of i m p o rt a n t automobile plants, sawmills, a n d me t al mines. I n contrast w i t h the decline in industrial e m p l o y m e n t , a n increase in e m p l o y m e n t occurred in the regular agencies of the Federal G o v e r n m e n t in M a y . Including the executive, judicial, a n d legislative services, as well as construction projects financed wh olly or partially f r o m Federal funds, the n u m b e r of e m p l o y e e s o n the p a y rolls of the U n i t e d States G o v e r n m e n t totaled 1,401,646 in M a y . In comparison w i t h the previous m o n t h , this represents a n increase of 4.7 percent. T h e gain w a s shared b y all types of services except the military. T h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t factor, however, w a s the m a r k e d increase in the n u m ber of w orkers e n g a g e d o n public construction projects. E m p l o y m e n t o n relief work, o n the other h a nd, declined in M a y , being 2.4 percent b e l o w the April level. This decrease w a s d u e entirely to the sharp contraction of the e m e r g e n c y - w o r k p r o g r a m . F o r the w e e k ending M a y 30 the e m e r g e n c y - w o r k p r o g r a m provided jobs for 1,430,684 workers, a decrease of 310,512 in c o m p a r i s o n wit h the n u m ber reported for the w e e k of April 25. E nrollments at Civilian C o n servation c a m p s in M a y w e r e 4.6 percent higher t h a n in the m o n t h preceding. R (1) 2 Industrial Employment M a n u f a c t u r i n g Industries I n M a y , for the first time since N o v e m b e r 1934, factory e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls s h o w a decrease in c o m p a r i s o n w ith the m o n t h preceding. T a k i n g the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100, the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics’index of factory e m p l o y m e n t for the m o n t h stood at 81.1, as against 82.4 in April. T h e pay-roll index declined f r o m 70.8 in April to 68.5 in M a y . T h e s e declines represent a reduction of 110,000 in the n u m b e r of w a g e earners a n d a reduction of $4,750,000 in w e e k l y w a g e disbursements. A l t h o u g h business statisticians are a c c u s t o m e d to a tapering off of the spring u p s w i n g in M a y , the decline this year w a s a c c o un t e d for to s o m e extent b y strikes in the automobile a n d l u m b e r industries. C o m p a r e d w i t h the corresponding m o n t h of last year the index of fac tory e m p l o y m e n t for M a y s h o w s a decrease of 1.7 percent. T h e index of factory p a y rolls, h o wever, is 2.1 percent higher t h a n in M a y 1934. A l t h o u g h the composite indexes of factory e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls w e r e lower in M a y t h a n in April the decline w a s b y n o m e a n s general. O f the 90 m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries surveyed, 38 reported gains in e m p l o y m e n t a n d 33 gains in p a y rolls. M o r e o v e r , 4 of the 14 m a j o r groups into w h i c h these industries are divided h a d m o r e e m p l o y e e s o n their p a y rolls in M a y t h a n in April. T h e largest gain in e m p l o y m e n t w a s reported b y the stone-clay-glass g r o u p w h i c h t ook o n 6,300 workers during the m o n t h , a n increase of 3.4 percent. F o u r of the five industries comprising this g r o u p reported gains, the largest of w h i c h w e r e 14.1 percent in cement, 7.2 percent in marble-slategranite, a n d 7 percent in brick-tile-terra-cotta. T h e railroad repair s h o p g r o u p registered a gain of 1.3 percent, or ap proximately 3,400 workers; the food g r o u p s h o w e d a gain of 0.4 percent, or 2,800 e m ployees ;a n d the iron a n d steel g r o u p s h o w e d a n increase of 0.3 percent, or approximately 1,700 w a g e earners. A m o n g the increases s h o w n in the food industries w e r e seasonal gains in beet sugar, ice cream, bever ages, a n d butter. Textiles stood out a m o n g the groups s h o w i n g decreases w i t h a re d u c tion of approximately 60,000 workers, or 3.8 percent. T h e decline in the subgroup, we a r i ng apparel, w a s sharper t ha n in the subgroup, fabrics. Shirts a n d collars w a s the only industry in the f ormer division that s h o w e d a gain in e m p l o y m e n t , a n d w o o l e n a n d w o r sted g o o d s a n d carpets w e r e the only industries in the latter. Seasonal decreases in the t w o industries comprising the leather g r o u p ac c ounted for its loss of 5.2 percent or 15,500 in n u m b e r of workers. Despite gains in aircraft, cars, a n d shipbuilding, the transportation g r o u p h a d 2 per cent or 12,000 less workers in M a y t h a n in April, the m a j o r factor being a 3-percent decline in the automobile industry, w h i c h w a s partially d u e to strikes in certain establishments. P a y rolls in the 3 a u t o m o t i v e industry fell off 10.3 percent. T h e chemical a n d p e t r o l e u m refining g r o u p reported a net decrease of 3.1 percent or 11,500 e m ployees, large seasonal lay-offs h a v i n g t a ken place in the fertilizer a n d cottonseed oil-cake-meal industries. T h e l u m b e r g r o u p suffered a loss of 1.5 percent in e m p l o y m e n t , the shrinkage in actual n u m b e r s being estimated at 7,300. M i l l w o r k s h o w e d a gain in n u m b e r of workers, b u t sawmills h a d 2.1 percent less t h a n in April, strikes in W a s h i n g t o n a n d O r e g o n h a v i n g caused the decrease. P a y rolls in this industry fell e v e n m o r e sharply (15 percent) d u e to the fact that m a n y e m pl o y e e s w o r k e d during only a portion of the p a y period reported because of the strikes. A l t h o u g h 4 of the 9 industries in the m a c h i n e r y g r o u p reported increases in e m p l o y m e n t there w a s a net loss of 0.7 percent, or 5,000 w a g e earners in the g r o u p as a whole. T h e re ma i n i ng 4 groups of m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries s h o w e d e m p l o y m e n t losses ranging f r o m 2,100 work e rs to 300 a n d aggregating nearly 5,500. T h e indexes of factory e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls are c o m p u t e d f r o m returns supplied b y representative establishments in 90 m a n u facturing industries, a n d the base or 100 is the 3-year average, 1 9 2 3 25. I n M a y , reports w e r e received f r o m 23,516 establishments e m ploying 3,763,238 worke r s w h o received $78,205,973 in w e e k l y wages. P e r capita w e e k l y earnings for all m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries c o m bined w e r e $20.78 in M a y or 1.6 percent lower t h a n in April. Fortyo n e of the 90 industries surve y ed s h o w e d higher average w e e k l y earnings in M a y th a n in April, the smallest increase being 0.1 per cent a n d the largest 8.4 percent. T h e s e per capita w e e k l y earnings should not b e confused w i th full-time w e e k l y rates of p a y as they are obtained b y dividing the total n u m b e r of e m p l o y e e s (part-time as well as full-time workers) in the reporting establishments into the total w e e k l y p a y roll. S o m e of the establishments that report e m p l o y m e n t a n d pay-roll totals d o no t report the n u m b e r of m a n - h o u r s w orked. C o n s e q u e n t l y average hours a n d hourly earnings are c o m p u t e d f r o m d at a supplied b y a smaller n u m b e r of establishments t h a n are u s ed in c o m p u t i n g per capita w e e k l y earnings a n d indexes of e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls. A v e r a g e hours w o r k e d per w e e k in all m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries c o m bined s h o w e d a decrease of 1.6 percent, while n o c h a n g e w a s s h o w n in average hourly earnings. Thirty-four of the industries for w h i c h m a n - h o u r data are published s h o w e d gains in average hours w o r k e d per w e e k a n d 52 s h o w e d increases in average hourly earnings. M a n h o u r data are no t published for a n y industry for w h i c h available infor m a t i o n covers less t h a n 20 percent of all e m p l o y e e s in that industry. Detailed statistics concerning e m p l o y m e n t , p a y rolls, average ho u r s w o r k e d per week, per capita w e e k l y earnings, a n d average hourly earnings in m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries in M a y are presented in table 1. Percentage changes f r o m April of this year a n d M a y of last year are also given in this table. Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Barnings in Manufacturing Industries, M a y 1935 Employment Industry Index May 1935 (3-year aver age 1923-25 = 100) Percentage change from— April 1935 Per capita weekly earnings1 P a y rolls May 1934 Index May 1935 (3-year aver age 1923-25 =100) Percentage change from— April 1935 May 1934 Average hours w o r k e d per w e e k * Percentage change from— Aver age in May 1935 April 1935 May 1934 Aver age in May 1935 Percentage change from— April 1935 May 1934 Average hourly earnings2 Aver age in May 1935 Percentage change from— April 1935 May 1934 Cents 57.1 (3) +3.6 +.1 -.6 60.9 53.7 +0.2 -.2 + 2.3 +5.8 -1.4 -1.4 -3.8 +1.3 -1.9 -4. 0 +4.1 -4.7 61.7 66.3 56.7 49.0 -.3 -.6 +.2 -1 . 2 +.8 -.2 -1.9 -3.3 36.4 37.3 34.8 37.3 + 1.1 -5.8 -4.1 -.3 +.4 -.2 +16.0 +7. 7 54.8 62.3 54.8 55.0 +.7 +.5 -1.1 +.7 +3. 4 +6. 6 -7.9 +3.5 +4.5 +4.5 +2.4 +1 . 1 36.3 36.7 34.4 37.9 -.3 -1.1 +.9 +1.6 +1. 7 -5.7 -1.9 -2.8 59.1 57.1 59.1 52.7 (3) (3) +.7 -2 . 0 +1.2 +6.5 +4.3 +.5 +1.6 -3.5 +7.6 -.1 39.1 37.9 +1.6 -4.5 +.5 -6.1 54.2 58.1 (3) +1.0 +9 . 2 +4.7 +1 . 0 +1 . 6 +4.8 +8.2 37.0 39.5 +.3 -.8 + 4.5 +1.4 61.0 61.6 +.8 +2.3 +1. 4 +8.0 26.67 -.1 +2.5 39.1 (3) -1.5 69.2 +.3 +2.8 22.68 26.36 (3) +2.6 +8.0 +11.1 36.1 39.6 (3) +.3 +5.1 +4.5 61.0 66.5 +.2 +2.2 +2.6 +6.2 All industries •....... ......................... 81.1 -1.6 -1.7 68.5 -3.2 +2.1 $20.78 -1.6 +3.9 35.8 -1.6 D u r a b l e g o o d s «........ .................. N o n d u r a b l e g o o d s ...... ................. 71.3 91.6 -.4 — 2.6 -.3 — 2.9 60.1 79.1 -2.8 -3.9 +2. 6 +1.3 22.67 18.94 -2.3 -1.4 +2.8 +4.3 36.6 35.0 -2.4 -1.1 72.4 73.6 80.1 49.1 ' +.3 -.2 -. 1 +3.9 -3.7 -4.2 -8.0 -3.9 58.5 61.1 65.1 27.4 -1.5 -2.0 -3.6 +4.1 -4.6 -7.6 -4.4 -8.4 21.74 22.65 21.24 15.26 -1.8 -1.8 -3.6 +.3 -.9 -3.4 +3 . 9 -4. 9 35.2 34.2 37.5 30.8 78.3 60.0 53.2 78.3 -2.5 -4.4 -2.3 +5.9 -3.7 -1.2 -35.1 +44.7 59.6 47.5 42.3 49.0 -.8 -8.9 -8.6 + 6.3 +• 5 +3.9 -31.6 +61.2 19.94 23.41 18.77 20.44 +1.7 -4.7 -6.4 +.4 +4.3 +5.3 +6.5 +11.2 51.4 99.1 56.0 90.4 +2. 3 +1.7 +1.3 +2. 4 +7.8 +3.8 -4.3 -.9 34.5 74.2 40.9 87.0 + 2.1 +. 7 +2.9 +1.9 +12.7 +8.3 -1.4 +.1 21.46 20.98 20.28 20.10 -.3 - 1.0 +1 . 6 -.4 64.3 127.4 -1.6 -1.1 +4.0 -5.5 60.8 115.9 -(«) -4.6 +12.6 -5.8 21.30 22.08 84.5 97.0 -.7 +.1 +3.9 +16.9 67.8 110.5 +.3 +1.6 +9. 0 +26.7 22.95 24.21 102.7 -1.8 -1.2 83.2 -1.9 +1.1 70.7 101.4 -.2 +4.0 +8. 1 +47.2 58.2 74.2 -.2 +6.7 +16.6 +64.2 -0.2 Durable goods Iron a n d steel a n d their products, n o t in c l u ding m a c h i n e r y ............ .... ....... Blast furnaces, steel works, a n d rolling mills— Bolts, nuts, washers, a n d rivets............. Cast-iron pipe.............................. Cutlery (not including silver a n d plated cut lery), a n d edge tools....................... Forgings, iron a n d steel................... . H a r d w a r e ..... ............................. P l u mbers’supplies........... .............. S t e a m a n d hot-water heating apparatus a n d steam fittings... ......................... Stoves........ ...... -..................... Structural a n d ornamental metalwork ....... Ti n cans an d other tinware----------------Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, a n d saws)...................... W i r e w o r k — ................. .... .......... M a c h i n e r y , n o t including transportation e q u i p m e n t .... ........ -................... Agricultural implements ..... ..... ..... C a s h registers, adding machines, a n d calcu lating machines.... -...... .............. Electrical machinery, apparatus, a n d sup plies............................. -....... Engines, turbines, tractors, a n d water wheels. Foundry and machine-shop products •... . Machine tools.................. . Radios and phonographs........... . Textilemachinery and parts......... . Typewriters and parts............. . Transportation equipment.......... . Aircraft............ ....... .. Automobiles.... ..... .......... . Cars, electric-and steam-railroad....... Locomotives................. .. Shipbuilding.................. . Railroad repair shops............. .. Electricrailroad........... ...... Steam railroad........ .... ..... . Nonferrous metals and their products... . Aluminum manufactures............ Brass, bronze, and copper products...... Clocks and watches and time-recording devices________ _________ _____ Jewelry...................... . Lightingequipment___________ ___ _ Silverwareand plated ware__ ________ Smelting and refining— copper, lead, and zinc...................... . Stamped and enameled ware____ ____ _ Lumber and alliedproducts........ Furniture...... .... ......... . Lumber: Millwork....... ............ . Sawmills.... ........... .... Turpentine and rosin............ .. Stone, day, and glass products........ . Brick, tile,and terracotta... .... ... Cement_______ ______________ Glass... ..... .............. . Marble, granite,slate,and otherproducts_ Pottery... ........ ....... ..... 73.8 83.0 168.0 63.6 95.8 102.7 392.0 116.4 60.3 30.1 76.4 53.6 65.7 52.7 80.4 66.3 80.8 -.7 +1.5 -7.9 -3.3 +2 . 4 — 2.0 +10.1 -3.0 +2. 0 -6.8 +2.4 +1.3 +.1 +1.4 -.6 -.5 -1.2 +. 3 +15.4 -16.5 -16.2 +21.6 +3.0 +5.6 +1.7 +19.2 +3.1 +4.5 -10.1 -1.5 -10.8 +3.3 -15.1 -.5 57.9 70.1 101.5 51.6 80.2 94.2 317.7 105.1 65.8 13.8 65.7 52.5 60.2 52.0 63.3 59.8 61.5 -.2 +3 . 4 -5.1 -.1 +2 . 9 -8.3 +9.0 -10.3 +1 . 1 - 7.6 +6.0 +3.6 -.3 +3.7 — 1.7 -1. 8 -4.0 +1.9 +18.2 -9.7 -18.0 +28.7 +6.7 +.9 +4.7 +33.7 +8.7 +9.5 -2.4 +1.3 -2.8 +4.5 -5. 8 -1.0 22.20 25.34 19.13 22.15 21.44 26.36 24.30 26.73 23.37 22.61 24.88 27.64 27.18 27.76 20.51 20.99 21.98 +. 5 + 1.8 +3.0 +3 . 3 +.5 -6.4 -1. 0 -7.5 -.8 -.9 +3 . 5 + 2.2 -.4 +2 . 3 -1.1 -1.3 -2.8 +2.0 +2.3 +8.3 -1. 0 +5.9 +3. 5 -4. 7 +2.8 +13.0 +5.5 +4. 8 +8.4 +2.8 +9.0 +1.0 +11.1 -.3 37.0 40.7 33.7 36.3 37 2 36.8 39.0 37.1 36.6 34.7 33.1 40.8 44.6 40.4 37.3 38.9 37.8 (3) +1.2 +2.4 +1.7 -.5 -6.8 - 1.0 -7. 9 -1.3 -2.0 +2 . 5 +1.5 -.9 +1 . 8 -1.3 -1.3 -2.8 -.8 +.4 +2.2 -1.7 +1. 7 +.9 -7. 6 +. 8 +6 . 7 -2.3 + 4. 6 -1.7 -.6 - 1.7 +.6 +39.5 -1. 4 60.0 62.3 57.0 61.2 57.5 71.4 63.9 72.0 63.9 65.1 75.0 68.2 60.7 68.9 54.5 53.9 58.2 +.5 +.6 +.9 +1.5 + 9 +.3 -1.2 +.3 +.3 +.9 +1.2 +.7 +.3 +.7 +.6 (3) -.2 +2.4 +.8 +5.0 +2.4 +4.6 +2.1 +8.3 + 1.1 +8.2 +6.5 +4. 5 +10.0 +3.8 +10.4 +3 . 5 -1.5 +1.9 80.5 65.8 69.2 73.9 +.8 -5.2 -1.3 +3.0 +11.7 -.2 +5.5 +3.9 64.7 49.8 58.2 57.0 -.3 -3. 3 -1.3 +11.3 +10.2 +1.6 +10.4 +9.6 18.14 18.94 19.59 21.78 -1.1 +2.1 +.1 +8.0 -1.1 +1.7 +4 . 7 +5.2 37.2 34.5 36.5 38.4 -1. 8 -.6 (3) +9. 1 -6.7 -4.7 +.8 + 4. 3 48.8 54.8 53.6 56.6 +.8 +4.0 (3) -.5 +6.6 +11.3 + 3.4 +.9 79.5 95.6 50.9 67.0 +3. 0 -2.0 -1.5 -2.4 +21.7 (3) -.2 +9.3 51.1 84.8 34.8 47.1 +2.6 -5.3 -7.2 -4.1 +21.7 +1.4 +.6 +16.3 21.14 18.46 15.42 16.67 -.4 - 3.3 -5.7 -1.8 -.3 + 1.4 +.9 +6.2 38.3 36.6 35.5 36.9 -.5 - 3.4 -5.3 -2.1 -.3 -1.5 -.4 +6.8 55.2 50.3 43.3 45.0 +.2 +.2 - 1. 4 +.2 -.3 +5.0 - 2.0 -1.4 40.7 34.0 99.0 55.0 29.6 57.0 94.8 28.5 71.5 +2.5 -2.1 -.2 +3.4 +7.0 +14.1 +• 6 +7. 2 -2.6 +.7 -5.8 -3.3 -4.7 -10.6 -1.0 -.3 -17.6 -4.5 29.1 20.1 57.3 40.3 17.7 36.8 81.6 21.2 50.3 +4.8 -15.0 -1.1 +2.5 +8.6 +15.4 -1.3 +16.3 -5. 7 +15.0 -16.9 +11.5 +2. 0 -2. 2 +2.8 +7.7 -14.9 +.2 16.93 14.17 13.85 19.05 15.34 19.31 20.25 24.44 18.37 +2.2 -13.1 -1.0 -.8 +1.5 +1.2 -1.8 +8. 4 -3. 2 +13.8 -11.9 +14.9 +7. 0 +9.2 +4 . 0 +8. 3 +3.1 +6.1 37.4 33.2 +1.9 -10.3 +11.3 -9. 2 45.3 42.7 +. 7 -3.2 +3.1 -4.4 34.6 34.2 34.7 34.6 36.4 34.1 -.9 +1.5 +2.1 -2.3 +9 . 3 -5.5 +1.5 +3.6 +3.8 +1.0 +5. 1 -5.7 55.2 44.5 55.7 58.8 68.1 52.7 (3) -.7 -.7 (3) -.4 +1.7 +4.4 +1.4 - .1 +5 . 8 -1.3 +11.0 93.5 91.0 79.7 88.0 89.2 110.0 80.6 112.0 65.9 91.1 -3.8 -2.5 +.7 -4.3 -1.6 -4.0 -5.0 -2.0 -7.2 +4.7 -2.7 -4.1 +17.2 -13.2 +2. 5 -2.7 -4.8 -1.7 -9.5 +21.0 75.5 74.9 73.7 70.7 75.7 86.2 68.5 102.0 54.5 71.2 — 8.4 -4. 0 -.6 -4.5 -3.8 -9.9 -3.7 -7.5 -8.6 +7. 1 +1.9 (3) +38.3 -11.1 +6.9 -1.8 -13.5 -4.1 -3.2 +31.6 15.53 15.30 21.17 12.74 16.19 18.15 20.51 15.61 15.04 17.94 -4.8 -1.6 -1.3 -.2 -2. 2 -6.2 +1.3 -5.6 -1.4 +2.3 + 4.7 +4. 3 +17.8 +2. 4 +4. 4 +.9 -9.2 -2.4 +7.2 +8.7 32.8 33.8 36.8 33.4 36.0 33.7 29.2 32.8 32.9 36.2 - 2.4 -1.2 -.8 00 -1.9 -5.3 +5.4 -4.7 - 3.2 +2.0 +.2 +.9 +8.6 +.3 +4.4 -.1 -17.3 -7.0 +5.3 +10.5 47.3 45.0 56.6 38.2 45.0 53.6 69.7 48.0 45.8 49.6 — 1.7 +.2 +.7 -.3 -.2 -.6 -1.1 (3) +1.6 +.4 +5.2 +3.8 +6.6 +2.0 -.1 +2.0 +4.7 +5.9 +3.3 -1.0 Nondurable goods Textilesand their products.......... . Fabrics..... ...... ....... ... Carpets and rugs.............. . Cotton goods........ ............ Cotton small wares............. Dyeing and finishingtextiles..... . Hats, fur-felt....... ...... ..... Knit goods...... ... .... ..... Silkand rayon goods.. ......... Woolen and worsted goods........ Seefootnotesatend oftable. Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, M a y 1935— Continued Industry Index May 1935 (3-year aver age 1923-25 *100) Per capita weekly earnings1 P a y rolls Employment Percentage change from— April 1935 May 1934 -6.4 -7.5 -8.1 -2.9 -3.6 -11.5 +2.1 +0.6 +7. 5 -2.1 -3.9 +3.2 -21.0 -.2 -5.1 -6.7 + 1.2 — 4.5 -.4 -4.4 -13.3 +1. 8 +3 . 8 Index May 1935 (3-year aver age 1923-25 -100) Percentage change from— April 1935 May 1934 -16.6 -21.9 -14.0 -9.1 -7.4 — 30.6 -.5 -8.6 -11.2 -1.5 +1.6 +1 . 8 +5 . 8 +5.0 +5.9 +20.8 +.9 - 2.6 - 1.3 -28.4 +10.4 — 8.4 -14.0 +9.8 -.3 +2. 1 -2.7 — 11.3 +14.7 +4.6 +1.8 Aver age in May 1935 Percentage change from— Average hours w o r k e d per w e e k * Aver age in Percentage change from— May April 1935 1935 April 1935 May 1934 30.5 28.3 32.2 33.1 30.4 -5.9 -12.7 +1.6 -8.1 -7.3 - 2.7 +1.7 -5.6 -8.2 -16.9 31.3 34.4 33.5 37.4 39.0 40.2 39.1 -1.9 -1.4 -2.0 -.3 +1. 0 +• 5 +1.8 34.1 34.8 +15.0 +11.2 +2.5 +14.3 +.8 +4.6 -.2 +6.6 +7.8 +1.7 May 1934 Average hourly earnings3 Aver age in May 1935 Percentage change from— April 1935 May 1934 52.4 58.3 51.9 45.8 41.9 -4.7 -4.6 -6.0 +2.0 +1.2 +7.2 +7.1 +9 . 3 +2.0 +11.6 +1.3 -6.0 -8.0 -.4 +1.4 -.7 +1.3 40.8 52.9 52.0 56.3 54.1 54.0 77.0 -.7 +.4 +.6 -.2 +.6 +.7 +.3 +14.2 +4.0 + 4. 0 +4.6 +4 . 4 +4.1 +. 3 +4. 3 +1.2 +8.5 -4.3 40.6 44.7 -1.5 +1.1 +5.3 +6.2 38.2 40.9 33.8 34.7 33.7 37.4 36.2 38.1 -.3 +2.3 +2.4 +3.0 +2.4 -.3 - 1. 6 -.5 +13.6 +6.7 -6.4 +8.5 -8.8 +.8 +15.5 +2.8 37.3 37.1 +.3 +2.4 — 1.7 88.3 Nondurable goods—Continued. Textiles a n d their p r o d u c t s — Continued Wearing apparel................ __ Clothing, men’ s............... Clothing, women’ s.............. Corsetsand alliedgarments........ Men’ sfurnishings........ ...... Millinery............... .... Shirtsand collars...... ........ L e a t h e r a n d its m a n u f a c t u r e s ............... Boots and shoes.......... ... .... Leather..... .... ........... .. F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s .................. Baking....................... Beverages...................... Butter.................. ................... Canning and preserving............. Confectionery.................... Flour....................................... Icecream...................... Slaughteringand meat packing......... Sugar, beet..................... Sugar refining,cane............... T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s ...... .......... ..... Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff.. Cigarsand cigarettes............... P a p e r a n d printing........................... Boxes, paper.................... Paper and pulp.................. Printingand publishing: Book and job................. Newspapers and periodicals.. ..... 95.3 87.6 123.9 91.1 107.3 61.6 106.5 86.7 85.2 93.2 95.1 112.7 161.6 73.2 69.1 74.3 -5.2 -6.2 -1.4 +.4 +.8 +3 . 6 +4.0 -2.3 -4.3 73.5 -.9 -.7 77.7 +12.4 -2.4 80.6 -1.1 -16.6 44.6 +13.0 + 1 . 8 72.1 64.4 89.4 83.0 71.0 48.6 103.9 72.3 66.7 90.0 86.9 97.3 162.5 57.4 78.7 63.4 +(4) -2.0 62.3 -.4 62.2 +12.1 74.0 -.4 -2.4 -8.3 16.37 16.83 17.46 15.11 13.54 18.84 12.87 17.92 16.98 20.96 21.30 21.77 30.32 20.74 14.13 15.53 Cents -10.8 -15.6 -6.4 - 6.4 - 4.0 — 21.5 -2.6 -8.5 -5.4 -.2 +1.2 +. 9 +2.2 +1 . 0 +2 . 4 +2.4 +.7 -4.2 -.4 +2.0 +2.8 +2.3 +.7 -2.0 -.6 +3.2 20.72 25.15 83.6 56.6 66.3 55.3 96.5 84.5 109.9 -.3 -.4 -3.4 -(*) -. 4 -1.4 +.1 -3.2 -7.7 -13.8 -6.7 +.6 -.9 +2.5 42.1 75.7 43.8 64.5 41.2 84.8 75.5 86.9 +8.2 -.6 +1.6 -.6 +2.3 +.2 -3.3 -.5 +16.3 +7.4 — 5.4 -1. 2 -6.2 +5.2 -.9 +8.9 22.78 22.63 23.24 13.80 15.02 13.58 24.32 18.08 20.01 86.2 -1.0 +.2 -.5 +.5 90.4 78.8 +2.2 -.1 +7.4 28.15 99.6 +2.3 33.04 +.5 -.2 -.3 +5.3 +12.4 +2.9 +1.5 -4.6 — 9.1 +10.7 -3.4 -7.8 +8.2 +4. 3 +2.4 +1.7 +2.1 +12.9 +. 6 +2.6 +.2 +10.1 37.9 +1.1 44.4 +.5 40.0 + . 3 -.3 +.5 -5.8 -.2 54.5 56.2 56.1 63.0 56.7 40.4 43.3 39.9 68.4 50.1 52.6 -.4 +.2 +.2 -3.7 -3.1 +.2 -.2 +.3 +.1 -.4 (3) +3.2 +5.1 +10.2 74.2 +.3 +4. 1 +.3 -2.6 +5.2 +8.3 +6.6 +9.0 +4.1 -13.2 +4.5 +5.0 C h e m i c a l s a n d allied products, a n d petro l e u m refining:.............................. Other than petroleum refining............. Chemicals............................ . Cottonseed— oil, cake, a n d mea l ........ Druggists’preparations................ Explosives............................ Fertilizers....... ...................... Paints a n d varnishes.................. R a y o n a n d allied products............. Soap .................................. Petroleum refining........................ R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ... ......................... R u b b e r boots a n d shoes................... R u b b e r goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, an d inner tubes.......................... R u b b e r tires a n d inner tubes.............. +L8 +2.6 +.2 -3.7 -21.1 -25.1 96.8 -2.0 -.9 +3 . 2 -11.2 87.3 110.1 -29.1 -1.5 112.6 +3.1 + 4.8 326.9 -2.4 +22.1 108.0 108.0 107.1 42.3 -3.1 -3.8 98.2 108.3 81.3 47.2 +(4) -1.5 +.3 124.8 73.6 -1.5 -1.7 -4.4 -4.0 -1.1 -8.8 -1.3 -7.7 -11.0 94.8 94.2 97.8 38.3 93.9 74.4 91.7 95.1 237.8 93.8 96.8 66.5 43.2 104.6 58.7 -1.1 -1.6 +1.7 -22.4 -3.9 +7.4 -23.5 +3.4 -2.0 -.1 -6.6 -3. 2 -1.3 - 1.9 -10.2 +7 . 4 22.98 +3 . 6 -24.3 25.16 9.44 20.64 24.03 11.91 23.47 19.35 23.26 27.36 22.62 18.08 +8.2 +6.1 -1.1 +9.2 +8.2 +24.4 +7.7 +4.4 — 5.4 +.9 -1.1 -9.0 21.01 20.23 25.43 +2.1 -5.2 -1. 5 +3. 7 +2.3 37.2 38.0 39.5 38.7 37.8 36.4 32.7 40.6 37.1 38.0 34.9 33.4 33.9 -.4 +7.2 +2.4 37.0 30.6 +2.5 +1.5 - 1. 7 -1,9 + 4. 1 +5.5 +5.6 +7.4 +1.2 +11.8 +8.0 +10.8 +.3 + 3 . 3 +•4 +1.8 + 1 . 3 +12.4 -.1 + 5 . 6 -8.7 +6.9 +.3 +.5 +.3 +1 . 5 +1.9 +5.5 +2.3 +3.3 +2.9 -5.1 -4.3 +3.7 +6.2 +1.2 +.5 (3) -.5 0 -1. 5 -2.8 -4. 7 +. 8 -2.8 -4.6 -2.9 -9.0 - 1. 3 - 7. 8 +2.9 -6.0 61.5 55.3 63.7 24.5 54.9 65.9 36.4 57.9 52.2 61.4 78.9 69.5 53.3 55.2 83.7 +2.7 +3.4 +1.1 +4.3 +1.7 +• 2 +6.4 (3) +.4 +1.8 +.1 -.7 +1.1 +.5 - 1.3 +5.0 +4.7 +2.1 +2.1 +4.4 +6.5 +5.2 +5. 1 + 4. 5 +17.1 + 6.4 +5.6 +6.1 +1.1 +9.4 1 Per capita weekly earnings are compu t e d from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments, Percentage changes over year c o m p u t e d from indexes. Percentage changes over m o n t h in the groups a n d in “All industries”also compute d from indexes. 2 C o m p u t e d from available m a n-hour data— all reporting establishments do not furnish man-hours, Percentage changes over year c o m p u t e d from indexes. T h e average hours a n d average hourly earnings in the groups an d in “All industries”are weighted. 3 N o change. 4 Less than H o of 1 percent. • April man-hour data revised as follows: Average hours w o r k e d per w e e k Industry Average in April 1935 Percentage change from— M a r c h 1935 All industries___________________________________ ________ __________ ____ _________ ____ Durable goods........................................................................... Agricultural implements................................................................. F o u n k r y a n d machine-shop products.................................................... Average hourly earnings Average in April 1935 April 1935 M a r c h 1935 Cents 37.4 36.9 37.0 +0.3 -.3 -.8 +1. 0 +1.6 -1.1 Percentage change from— 57.1 60.9 60.7 59.8 +0. 5 +.8 +.3 +.5 April 1935 +4.4 +3.5 +4.4 +4. 0 8 Long-Time Trend of Factory Employment and Pay Rolls A b e t t e r perspective of the current level of factory employment and pay rolls is afforded by table 2 and the diagram on page 9. The table gives the general index numbers (3-year average, 1 9 2 3 2 5 = 1 0 0 ) of factory employment and pay rolls from Jan u ary 1929 through M ay 1935. From this table it will be observed th at although the level of factory employment in M ay is lower than in any previous month of the current year except Jan u ary, it is higher than a t any time in 1934 except April and M ay and is still about 38 percent above the low point of the depression, which was reached in M arch 1933. The pay-roll index in M ay, in spite of the decline in comparison with the previous m onth, is still higher than for any month of 1934 and is 85 percent above the low point of M arch 1933. The diagram on page 9 indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from Jan u ary 1919 to M ay 1935. Table —General Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries, January 1929 to May 1935 [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Employment P a y rolls Month 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 100.8 ±02.9 104.1 105.3 105.3 ±05. 6 106.1 107.9 109.0 107.7 103.6 99.8 97.3 97.4 96.9 96.3 94.8 92.9 89.5 88.8 89.6 87.7 84.6 82.3 79.6 80.3 80.7 80.7 80.1 78.4 77.0 77.1 77.4 74.4 71.8 71.0 68.7 69.5 68.4 66.1 63.4 61.2 58.9 60.1 63.3 64.4 63.4 62.1 60.2 61.1 58.8 59.9 62.6 66.9 71.5 76.4 80.0 79.6 76.2 74.4 73.3 78.7 77.7 81.2 80.8 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.5 81.1 81.1 _____ 78.7 ..... 79.5 75.8 78.4 ..... 76.8 78.0 102.3 109.3 111.6 112.6 112.9 111.2 107.2 112.0 112.9 112.4 104.1 100.7 95.9 98.8 98.8 97.7 95.4 92.3 84.3 83.3 84.1 82.2 76.8 75.2 70.0 74.3 75.6 74.4 73.4 69.7 66.2 65.9 63.4 61.3 58.1 57.6 53.5 54.6 53.1 49.5 46.8 43.4 39.8 40.6 42.9 44.7 42.9 41.5 39.5 40.2 37.1 38.8 42.7 47.2 50.8 56.8 69.1 59.4 55.5 54.5 64.0 64.1 60.6 69.1 64.8 70.7 67.3 70.8 67.1 68.5 64.9 60.5 ..... 62.2 58.0 61.0 ..... 59.5 63.2 Average. _ 104.8 91.5 77.4 64.1 69.0 78.8 181.2 109.1 88.7 67.5 46.1 48.5 61.9 168.6 Ja n u a r y ____ February... M a r c h ..... April...... M a y ....... J u n e ....... July....... A u g u s t ..... September.. October.... November.. December.. * Average for 5 months. I t is significant th at employment in M ay was much better sus tained in the durable-goods industries than in the nondurable-goods industry. This fact is clearly indicated by table 3, which gives the indexes of employment and pay rolls for the two m ajor groups separately. As against a decrease of 2.6 percent in employment for the nondurable groups employment for the durable-goods industries? in M ay came w ithin 0.4 percent of the April level. P ay rolls also were somewhat b etter maintained in the durable-goods group. E m p l o y m e n t e P a y R o l l s « M In a n u f a c t u r i n g d u s t r i e s 3 -y e a r ave ra g e 1 ^ 2 3 -1 ^ 2 ^ = 1 0 0 U.S.Department of L a b or B U R E A U OP L A B O R S T A T I S T I C S Washington Index Numbers Index Numbers 140 -130 - m 13012011010090- J 8017°-) .vVv A - - 4 1 I ] - If I 60- 501m -1 30120-1 10minimi 01- iiiitnitii iiiiiiinit niiiiiiiii iiiimnii minimi 1920 1921 1922 1923 192 4 1919 -120 -110 100 al° if l u e n t M - XJ V - f\j R o \ls? J V h f* '"i - 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 lllllllllli m u .. . .LliJULli.LLIJ NIIIIIIIII miiHim i m m i m m m m i i ” 0 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1929 - itiimiiii 11111111111 11111111111 m u m m 1 9 2 6 1927 1928 1925 90 SO 10 Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Durable and Nondurable Groups, January 1929 to M a y 1935 [3-year average 1923-25=100] Durable group 1 Employment 1929 J a n u a r y ___ February... M a r c h ..... April...... M a y ....... J u n e _______ July....... A u g u s t ____ Sep te m b e r ._ October.... November.. December. _ 1930 1931 1932 1933 P a y rolls 1934 1935 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 99.1 101.7 103.5 105.3 106.5 106.4 106.3 107.3 106.8 105.0 100.3 95.8 93.1 93.3 93.1 92.8 91.8 89.1 84.7 82.2 81.0 79.6 77.1 74.9 71.9 72.1 72.2 72.2 71.4 69.5 66.8 65.3 64.5 61.8 60.3 59.7 57.3 57.8 56.5 54.6 52.9 50.9 48.5 46.9 47.3 47.7 48.1 47.3 45.4 45.8 43.9 44.4 47.0 50.7 55.3 60.1 63.4 63.2 61.2 60.7 59.8 63.5 67.1 70.0 71.5 70.8 67.4 66.1 64.2 62.8 62.2 64.3 100.0 109.0 112.0 114.7 115.8 112.9 107.1 112.6 111.7 111.1 101.7 96.7 90.1 94.6 95.1 95.3 93.3 89.1 78.1 75.6 74.7 73.7 68.4 66.4 59.8 64.4 65.7 65.1 64.1 59.4 54.3 52.9 49.6 48.5 46.4 45.8 41.3 42.0 40.4 38.0 37.0 33.3 29.8 28.2 27.9 29.8 30.0 29.4 27.6 27.7 25.3 26.6 30.8 34.7 38.0 43.9 44.7 45.4 42.5 42.3 41.6 52.5 47.9 58.6 52.8 60.5 57.4 61.8 58.6 60.1 56.9 49.9 50.0 _____ 45.5 46.4 __ ___ 46.1 50.4 Average. _ 103.7 86.1 67.3 51.3 53.4 65.8 2 69.8 108.8 82.9 56.3 33.9 35.8 50.3 * 58.7 66.1 69.3 70.8 71.6 71.3 _____ _____ _____ _____ ..... Nondurable group 3 J a n u a r y ---February. __ M a r c h ..... April....... M a y ....... Ju n e . ...... J uly _______ A u g u s t _____ Se p t e m b e r — October____ November.. December. _ 102.7 104.3 104.9 105.4 104.1 104.7 105.8 108.6 111.4 110.6 107.1 104.0 101.8 101.7 100.9 100.1 98.0 96.9 94.7 95.9 98.9 96.5 92.7 90.1 87.8 89.0 90.0 89.8 89.3 88.0 88.2 89.8 91.1 88.0 84.2 83.0 80.9 82.2 81.2 78.5 74.8 72.4 70.1 74.2 80.4 82.3 79.9 77.8 76.0 77.6 74.7 76.5 79.3 84.3 88.9 93.9 97.8 97.2 92.2 89.1 87.9 93.0 95.4 95.8 94.3 92.3 90.8 94.0 88.2 95.1 92.4 92.7 105.3 .109.8 111.0 110.2 109.3 109.1 107.3 111.3 114.4 114.2 107.4 105.8 103.2 104.1 103.5 100.8 98.3 96.5 92.3 93.2 96.0 93.0 87.4 86.5 83.0 86.9 88.3 86.3 85.2 82.7 81.3 82.5 80.8 77.6 73.0 72.5 69.1 70.7 69.2 64.0 59.3 56.2 52.6 56.3 61.8 63.6 59.2 56.9 54.5 69.7 79.0 56.2 76.9 82.5 52.1 •80.1 83.8 54.4 80.0 82.3 57.9 78.1 79.1 63.1 75.1 _____ 67.0 73.9 _____ 73.3 77.8 77.6 74.0 77.3 79.6 72.1 76.6 70.1 79.5 Average- _ 106.1 97.4 88.2 77.9 85.6 92.7 2 93.4 109.6 96.2 81.6 61.6 64.6 76.8 92.3 94.1 94.8 94.0 91.6 8 81.3 i Includes the following groups of manufacturing industries: Iron a n d steel; machinery; transportation equipment; railroad repair shops; nonferrous metals; lum ber a n d allied products; a n d stone, clay, a n d glass products. * Average for 5 months. 3 Includes remaining groups of manufacturing industries not s h o w n under footnote 1. Estimated Number of Wage Earners and Total Weekly Pay Rolls T r a n s l a t e d into terms of workers employed, the index of 81.1 for M ay means th at 6,795,500 employees were carried on factory pay rolls a t the time of the Bureau’s survey. The pay-roll index of 68.5 indicates th at the weekly wage disbursements for manufacturing as a whole totaled $139,325,000. These estimates are made by multiply ing the weighting factors of the several groups of industries (number employed or weekly pay roll in the base period, 1923-25) by the B ureau’s index numbers of employment or pay rolls. As the indexes have been adjusted to the trends indicated by the Census of M anu factures through 1931, this formula gives reasonably accurate esti m ates of the total number of factory workers employed and their weekly pay rolls. Adjustments to the census of 1933 are now being made and when completed the monthly estimates will be brought still closer to actualities. Estim ates of the number of wage earners employed and total weekly wages in all manufacturing industries combined and in the 14 11 m ajor groups and the 2 textile subgroups into which the manufac turing industries are divided are given in table 4. The table shows estimates for the base period, 1 9 2 3 -2 5 ; for the years 1929 to 1934, in clusive; and for the first 5 months of 1935. Although data are not available for all groups over the entire period shown, the totals for all manufacturing industries combined have been adjusted to include all groups except manufactured gas (which is included in the Bureau’s electric light and manufactured-gas industry) and motion pictures. Table 4.—Estimated Number of Wage Earners and Weekly Wages in All Manufacturing Industries Combined and in Industry Groups Iron a n d steel a n d their products Total manufacturing Ye ar a n d m o n t h Employ ment 1923-25 average................ 192 9 ................. 193 0 193 1 193 2 193 3 .................. 193 4 1935: Jan uar y .......... -..... February— ............. M a r c h ................... April.................... M a y .................... Employ ment 8.381.700 $203,476,000 8,785,600 221.937.000 7.668.400 180.507.000 6.484.300 137.256.000 5,374,200 93.757.000 5.778.400 98.623.000 6,600,100 126.012.000 6.595.700 130.503.000 6,809,000 140.618.000 6.906.300 143.927.000 6,906,100 144.075.000 6,795,500 139.325.000 Transportation equi pme nt Ye ar a n d m o n t h Employ ment 1923-25 average................ 192 9 193 0 1931........................... 1932_...................... — 193 3 -.............. 193 4 1935: Jan uar y................ . February.... ........ . M a r c h .................. April.................... M a y , - .................. Weekly p a y rolls 563.500 583.200 451.800 373.800 315.700 305.600 467.200 520.700 568.600 583.800 590.500 578.700 Weekly p a y rolls $17,214,000 18.136.000 12.076.000 9.008.000 7.012.000 6.799.000 11.800.000 13.668.000 16.302.000 16.904.000 17.679.000 16.216.000 Weekly p a y rolls 859.100 $24,658,000 881,000 26.568.000 766,200 21.126.000 598.400 13.562.000 458.100 7.164.000 503.400 8.925.000 592.800 12.074.000 582,500 12.798.000 607.400 14.548.000 616.800 14.622.000 620,300 14.647.000 622,000 14.425.000 1 Railroad repair shops Employ ment Weekly p a y rolls 482,100 $13,563,000 398,200 12.255.000 353.800 10.316.000 309.000 8.366.000 257.400 5.793.000 250,600 5.652.000 267.400 6.528.000 248.800 5.941.000 255.000 6.510.000 258.400 6.727.000 255.000 6.876.000 7.121.000 258.400 Machinery, not in cluding transporta tion e q u i p men t Employ ment Weekly p a y rolls 878.100 $23,655,000 1,105,700 31.761.000 918,700 24.197.000 687.000 15.135.000 494,600 8.546.000 517.100 8.975.000 682,200 13.525.000 699.000 14.382.000 720.000 15.163.000 738,500 15.825.000 747,300 15.991.000 742.000 16.038.000 Nonferrous metals a n d their products Employ ment 282,600 8 209.000 164.200 175.200 210.000 214.500 223,800 227.500 228,600 227.200 Weekly p a y rolls $7,329,000 (0 0) 4.622.000 2.865.000 3.039.000 4.105.000 4.280.000 4.647.000 4.735.000 4.720.000 4.639.000 » C o m p a r a b l e data not available. L u m b e r a n d allied products Stone, clay, a n d glass products Fabrics Ye a r a n d m o n t h Employ ment 1923-25 average ............... 192 9 193 0 193 1 193 2 . 193 3 193 4 ...........— .... 1935: Ja n u a r y ................. Februa ry ................ M a r c h .................. April.................. . M a y ------------------- Textiles an d their products 918.400 876.500 699.400 516,900 377.800 406,100 447.400 432,600 453.700 464.700 474.800 467.500 Weekly p a y rolls $18,523,000 18,062,000 13,464,000 8.641.000 4.656.000 4.900.000 6.062.000 5.872.000 6.446.000 6.724.000 6.946.000 6.446.000 Employ ment 350.300 328.500 280,800 222,800 156.000 157.500 185.000 165.300 173.700 180.400 186.400 192.700 Weekly p a y rolls $8,878,000 8.323.000 6.828.000 4.786.000 2.588.000 2.455.000 3.153.000 2.805.000 3.090.000 3.320.000 3.489.000 3.578.000 Employ ment Weekly p a y rolls 1.105.600 $20,368,000 1,095,900 20.251.000 950,400 886,700 794,100 952,600 989,300 1,059,200 1.074.600 1,065,800 1,031,500 1,006,100 16.167.000 14.308.000 10.367.000 12.664.000 14.448.000 16.742.000 17.211.000 16.967.000 15.887.000 15.256.000 12 Table 4.— Estimated Number of Wage Earners and Weekly Wages in All Manufacturing Industries Combined and in Industry Groups— Continued Textiles and their products— Continued Year and m o n t h Wearing apparel Weekly pay rolls Employ ment 1923-25 average............... 192 9 193 0 ..... 193 1 193 2 193 3 193 4 1935: January................ February............... M a r c h ................. April................... M a y ................... 474.100 536.700 497.700 472,000 401.800 418.100 432.100 423.800 458,900 480.700 482,600 451.800 leather hi id its m a n ufacifcures Group $10,336,000 11,476,000 9.680.000 8.338.000 5.733.000 5.757.000 6.992.000 6.884.000 8.217.000 9.147.000 8.930.000 7.452.000 Food and kindred products W e ekly p ay rolls Employ ment 1.629.400 $31,676,000 1.706.900 33.321.000 1.513.000 27.115.000 1.421.000 23.799.000 1.250.300 16.947.000 1,432,700 19.394.000 1.485.900 22.564.000 1,551,200 24.866.000 1.603.300 26.766.000 1.616.400 27.495.000 1,583,800 26.101.000 1,523,500 23,915,000 323.500 318,600 295,100 272,800 255.500 269,400 284.000 285,700 296,300 299,900 296.000 280.500 Employ ment Tobacco manufactures Wee k l y p a y rolls $6,986,000 6.915.000 5.748.000 5.035.000 4.060.000 4.394.000 5.164.000 5.337.000 5.763.000 5.875.000 5.526.000 5.051.000 Paper and printing Year and m o n t h Wee k l y pay rolls Employ me n t 1923-25 average............... 192 9 193 0 193 1 193 2 193 3 -........ 193 4 1935: January................ February............... M a r c h ................. April................... M a y ................... 668.300 753.500 731.100 650.500 577.100 631.000 711.700 630.700 627.000 619.300 632.700 635.500 Employ me n t W eekly pay rolls 138,400 116,100 108,300 99.700 88,600 82.700 86.700 78,200 79.300 80,000 78,600 78.300 $2,225,000 1.819.000 1.617.000 1.336.000 1.052.000 944.000 1.049.000 923.000 908.000 986.000 959.000 975.000 $15,240,000 17.344.000 16.593.000 14.173.000 11.308.000 11.604.000 14.080.000 12.696.000 12.717.000 12.648.000 13.030.000 13.239.000 Chemicals and allied products Employ ment Weekly pay rolls 531.100 $14,865,000 591.500 17.771.000 574.100 17.036.000 511,800 14.461.000 451.700 11.126.000 458,400 10.299.000 503.700 11.829.000 507.700 12.397.000 513.600 12.501.000 514.600 12.561.000 514.600 12.576.000 512.500 12.606.000 Rubb e r products Year and m o n t h Employ ment 1923-25 average_____________________________ .................................... 1929 1930 .................................... 1931....................................... 1932....................................... 3933....................................... 1934.......................... -........... 1935: January______________________________ February. ________________ — _________ M a r c h ____ ___ April_________________________________ M a y _________________________________ 333.000 384.800 364.700 316.800 279.700 315.400 361,600 361.000 364.300 375.400 371.300 359.800 Week l y pay rolls $8,321,000 10,068,000 9.334.000 7.643.000 5.861.000 6.179.000 7.437.000 7.620.000 7.751.000 7.997.000 7.980.000 7.886.000 Employ ment 134.300 149,100 115,500 99.200 87,800 99,300 111.300 109.900 111, 500 111.900 110,800 109.200 W e ek l y pa y rolls $3,468,000 3.986.000 2.934.000 2.165.000 1.555.000 1.740.000 2.207.000 2.407.000 2.493.000 2.448.000 2.469.000 2.306.000 T ra d e , Public U tility , M ining, and S ervice Industries I n c r e a s e s over April were reported in employment by 1 2 of the 1 6 trade, public-utility, mining, and service industries covered in M ay. The declines in the other 4 industries, however, more than offset these gains and for the 16 industries combined there was a net reduction of 13 47,000 employees. Aggregate weekly pay rolls for industries in this classification were $175,000 higher in M ay than in April. The principal factor contributing to the decreased employment for this group of industries was the seasonal contraction in retail trade, following the spring buying flurry. In this industry alone approxi m ately 53,000 workers were dropped from the pay rolls, a decrease of 1.7 percent. Almost half of the retail distribution workers who lost their jobs in M ay were employed in department, variety, generalmerchandise, and mail-order establishments. A decline of 0.8 percent, representing about 11,000 workers, was reported by the wholesale trade. The falling off of wholesale employment, however, was ac counted for to some extent by the reduced activity of the packers and shippers of fruits and vegetables and the leaf-tobacco trade. E m ployment in the wholesale dry goods and apparel group declined 1.8 percent. Other industries in the nonmanufacturing group showing reduced employment in M ay were the hotel and metal mining industries. The decreased employment in the metalliferous-mining industry was due chiefly to strikes in the W estern States. The most significant change in weekly pay rolls during the month was reported by the bituminous-coal industry. In this industry the weekly pay-roll disbursements in M ay advanced 9.1 percent above the April level. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, per capita weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in M ay for 13 of these industries, together with percentage changes from April 1935 and M ay 1934, are shown in table 5. Man-hour data and indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available for banking, brokerage, and insurance establishments, but the table shows per centage changes in employment, pay rolls, and per capita weekly earnings for these three industries. Table 5.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings, M a y 1935 E mployment Industry Coal mining: Anthracite............................... Bituminous.............................. Metalliferous mining.......................... Quarrying and nonmetallic mining............. Orude-petroleum producing................... Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph.................. Electric light and power and manufactured gas-................................... Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance........................ Trade: Wholesale................................ General merchandising................ Other than general merchandising...... Hotels (cash payments only)4...,............... Laundries................................... Dyeing and cleaning.......................... Brokerage................................... Insurance................................... Percentage Index change from— May 1935 (aver May age 1929 April 1934 1935 =100) 53.5 75.3 44.4 49.5 76.0 +1.8 +1.4 -3.5 +9.4 +1.6 Per capita weekly earnings1 P a y roll Percentage Index change from— May 1935 (aver May age 1929 April 1935 1934 =100) -16.1 -1.8 +8.8 -8.8 -.9 49.5 49.1 31.4 32.8 57.8 Aver age in May 1935 Average hours worked per w e e k 1 Percentage change from— April 1935 May 1934 Aver age in May 1935 Percentage change from— April 1935 May 1934 -0.7 +9.1 -1.3 +13.5 +1.9 -22.7 -9.7 +22.7 -6.3 +2.5 $26.94 16.72 23.19 16.79 28 .48 -2.5 +7.5 +2.3 +3.8 +.3 -7.8 -8.0 +12.8 +2.8 +3.5 32.6 23.1 38.2 33.9 35.0 -4.4 +9.0 -.5 +1.2 -.8 -8.4 -9.2 +4.7 -3.6 -1.7 Average hourly earnings1 Aver age in May 1935 Cents Percentage change from— April 1935 82.2 73.6 59.8 47.5 78.0 -0.4 +.3 +2.7 -1.5 +1.3 May 1934 -0.5 +4.1 +7.6 +2.0 +4.8 70.0 +.4 -.3 73.7 +. 8 +3.2 27.91 +.4 +3.5 38.6 +1.3 +2.2 74.5 -.7 +4.2 83.2 +.8 +. 1 79.8 +1.1 +2.8 30.37 +.3 +2.7 39.6 +.5 +1.6 77.0 -.3 +3.1 71.6 +.3 -1.4 63.6 +.5 +1.0 28.23 +.2 +2.3 45.3 (3) -.9 61.2 +.2 +2.7 82.5 82.2 91.4 79.8 84.8 81.1 80.9 (•> 00 00 -.8 -1.7 -3.2 -1.2 -.9 +1.3 +1.3 +.2 +1.9 +.1 -.4 -.8 -.7 -.9 -1.1 -1.2 -4.0 +.8 -21.7 +.6 64.6 62.0 76.3 59.0 66.4 66.6 61.7 00 00 00 — .3 -.8 -1.6 -.6 -1.1 +1.7 -.3 +. 1 +2.3 -.1 +3.2 +. 8 +2.4 +.3 +.8 -.4 -5.2 +1.2 -24.8 +.4 26.98 20.30 17.69 22.24 13.58 15.60 18.49 31.55 34.74 35.77 +.5 +1.2 +1.7 +.7 -.2 +.5 -1.6 -.1 +.5 -.2 +3.6 +1.6 +3.1 +1.2 +1.8 +. 7 -1.2 +.4 -3.9 -.2 40.9 *41.1 37.7 42.1 47.9 40.7 42.0 00 00 00 +1.5 +3.0 -1.6 +4.2 -.7 +2.4 +. 1 00 00 00 66.2 «52.7 48.2 54.1 28.0 36.7 44.0 00 00 00 +.5 +1.0 +2.1 +.6 -.4 (2) -1.1 («) 00 00 +1.2 +1.5 +4.1 +.8 +.2 -1.1 -1.2 00 00 00 (2) (’ ) -.8 +. 2 +.4 +.5 -.5 00 00 00 1 Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data furnished by a smaller n u mb e r of establishments, as some firms do not report man-hour information. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. 2 N o change, a Weighted. *T h e additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. * N o t available. 15 Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Trade, Public Utility, Mining, and Service Industries I n d ex es of employment and pay rolls in 13 trade, public utility, mining, and service industries and 2 subdivisions under retail trade are shown by months in table 6 for the period Jan u ary 1932 to M ay 1935. The indexes for wholesale and retail trade have recently been revised to conform with the trends indicated by the 1929 and 1933 Census averages. The indexes for “ total retail tra d e ” have been computed by weighting the indexes of the two subgroups, “ general merchandising” and “ other than general merchandising.” Table 6.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1932 to May 1935 [12-month average, 1929=100] Anthracite mining Month Employment Bituminous-coal mini ng P a y rolls Employment P a y rolls 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 Ja nu ary...... F ebruary..... M a r c h ________ April......... M a y ......... J u n e _________ J u l y - .... A u g u s t ....... S e p tem ber ____ October...... N o v e m b e r .... D e c e m b e r .... Average. 76.2 71.2 73.7 70.1 66.9 53.0 44.5 49.2 55.8 63.9 62.7 62.3 52.5 58.7 54.6 51.6 43.2 39.5 43.8 47.7 56.8 56.9 61.0 54.5 64.1 63.2 67.5 58.2 63.8 57.5 53.6 49.5 56.9 58.5 60.7 61.6 62.9 64.4 51.4 52.6 53.5 ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 61.5 57.3 61.2 72.0 58.0 37.4 34.5 41.4 47.0 66.7 51.0 56.2 43.2 56.8 48.8 37.4 30.0 34.3 38.2 46.6 60.7 61.6 47.8 44.3 73.2 65.8 82.4 51.7 64.0 53.3 42.3 39.7 47.0 48.3 51.2 52.3 57.5 64.3 38.9 49.9 49.5 ____ ____ ____ ____ ---- 80.8 77.4 75.2 65.5 62.6 60.5 58.6 59.4 62.4 67.0 69.4 70.0 Average. 49.3 46.9 45.0 43.3 38.3 32.2 29.5 28.6 29.3 30.5 31.9 33.3 32.4 31.5 30.0 29.4 30.0 31.5 33.0 36.8 38.9 40.7 40.6 40.6 39.6 40.3 39.8 41.7 40.8 41.0 39.9 42.7 42.3 43.3 43.2 44.4 44.3 44.3 45.0 46.0 44.4 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 29.7 27.8 26.5 25.0 23.8 20.1 16.9 #16.5 17.0 18.0 18.7 18.7 18.1 17.8 17.4 16.4 17.0 18.3 19.0 21.9 23.9 25.9 25.6 26.2 Average. 80.0 81.1 81.6 74.3 75.3 ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 47.0 47.0 46.8 33.9 30.7 27.3 24.4 26.4 30.2 37.8 38.0 37.7 36.1 37.2 30.7 26.6 26.9 29.2 33.6 43.3 44.1 44.1 50.7 50.8 51.3 54.6 58.9 51.4 54.4 55.1 49.7 50.4 51.4 57.6 58.3 57.0 1935 59.6 66.1 .67.5 45.0 49.1 ____ ____ ____ .... Quarrying a n d nonmetallic mining 25.4 26.0 25.9 27.2 25.6 26.7 25.1 27.0 25.9 28.2 28.5 29.4 30.1 29.9 30.9 31.8 31.4 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 48.9 47.4 46.0 48.6 50.6 49.5 49.5 51.1 52.4 52.4 49.4 42.3 35.1 34.8 35.1 39.3 43.4 47.3 49.5 51.6 52.6 53.2 51.1 45.3 39.7 38.8 42.0 48.7 54.3 56.6 55.6 54.7 53.3 51.8 49.5 42.1 36.9 37.3 40.5 45.3 49.5 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 30.2 29.6 28.7 30.0 32.3 30.0 29.1 29.7 30.5 30.1 27.1 22.1 18.1 17.4 17.8 20.2 23.8 27.5 28.4 29.9 29.3 31.2 28.3 24.4 21.3 21.0 24.1 29.9 35.0 37.0 35.0 34.0 32.4 32.1 29.4 23.6 20.8 22.2 24.9 28.9 32.8 ____ ____ ____ ____ 36.5 34.6 41.6 144.8 21.6 20.6 26.7 130.8 49.0 44.9 48.9 i 41.9 29.1 24.7 29.6 125.9 Crude-petroleum producing Ja nu ary ...... February ..... M a r c h ........ April......... M a y ......... J u n e .......... July.......... A u g u s t ....... S ept ember____ October...... N o v e m b e r .... D e c e m b e r .... 75.8 76.1 77.8 72.2 76.7 76.7 77.0 77.1 78.2 79.3 79.8 79.7 62.5 51.7 59.6 157.0 53.7 45.8 55.9 152.0 67.4 67.9 77.2 i 78.5 35.6 37.8 54.2 157.5 Metalliferous mining January...... Februa ry ..... M a r c h ________ April......... M a y _ _ ....... J u n e .......... July.......... A u g u s t ....... Septem ber ____ October______ N o v e m b e r .... D e c e m b e r ____ 69.8 69.3 67.6 63.7 61.2 61.3 63.2 68.6 71.8 68.0 74.8 75.4 54.9 54.4 51.4 54.9 54.5 54.2 55.4 57.4 56.2 56.8 56.5 57.2 57.2 57.0 56.5 56.8 56.9 58.0 59.5 60.8 66.2 70.6 72.2 75.0 73.2 72.4 72.8 74.0 76.7 80.0 81.6 82.7 81.8 79.5 78.8 78.7 74.9 74.2 74.0 74.9 76.0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ---- 46.5 46.9 43.2 44.5 47.1 44.8 44.6 42.9 41.9 42.5 42.4 41.7 39.9 41.7 42.5 40.1 41.6 40.6 42.2 42.5 44.4 50.1 50.3 53.2 53.0 50.5 52.5 53.4 56.4 56.9 60.0 61.2 59.7 60.8 59.0 59.5 Telephone a n d telegraph 55.5 54.9 56.0 56.7 57.8 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 83.0 82.0 81.7 81.2 80.6 79.9 79.1 78.1 77.4 76.2 75.5 74.8 74.6 73.9 73.2 72.3 70.1 69.2 68.5 68.1 68.3 38.7 68.9 69.4 70.2 69.8 70.0 70.2 70.2 70.4 71.0 71.0 70.9 70.3 69.9 69.7 70.5 70.0 69.8 69.7 70.0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 89.1 89.6 88.2 83.4 82.8 82.1 79.6 79.1 75.9 75.7 74.3 73.5 71.7 71.9 71.6 67.8 68.5 66.6 66.7 66.1 64.6 67.0 67.7 67.7 69.0 67.9 70.4 68.8 71.4 71.3 72.3 74.0 72.2 74.9 72.2 73.2 73.9 72.9 75.3 73.1 73.7 ____ ____ ____ .... 55.3 62.2 77.7 174.8 44.1 44.1 56.9 i 56.2 79.1 70.4 70.3 170.0 81.1 68.2 71.5 173.8 i Average for 5 months. 1 2 1 5 — 3 5 ----- 3 16 Table 6.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1932 to M a y 1935— Continued Electric light and power and manufactured Month Employment P a y rolls Electric-railroad a n d motor-bus operation and maintenance2 Employment P a y rolls 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 j 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 Ja n u a r y ..... February.... M a r c h ....... April........ M a y ........ J u n e ......... July.......... A u g u s t ....... September... October.... Novem ber ... D e c e m b e r . __ Average. 87.2' 85.5 84.8 84.0 83.2 82.3 81.5 81.0 79.9 79.1 78.4 77.7 82.2 82.7 77.4 81.2 82.2 76.9 81.7 82.2 76.9 82.4 82.6 76.9, 83.1 83.2 77.3! 8 4 . 0 .... 77.5! 85.0,.... 78.11 85.6 .... 80.3 85.8!.... 82.2 85.8:.... 82.6 85.5 .... 81.8 83.6 .... 88.4 73.0 73.8 86.0 71.6; 74.4 85.4 71.9; 75.6 82.4 69.4 i 76.8 84.2 69.9 77.6 80.5 69.9 77.8 78.7 70. o! 81.1 76.7 70.9 79.9 74.7 71.8 79.3 74.4 76.2 80.6 73.2 74.5 79.6 73. 2 j 74.4 78.3 78.0 78.3 79.4 79.0 79.8 79.5 78.9 77.6 78.0 76.9 76.5 75.6 74.1 73.5 72.3 71.8 71.4 70.6 70.5 70.4 71.0 69.8 71.7 69.5 72.2 69.1 72.6 69.3 73.2 69.4 73.1 69.5 72.8 69.7! 72.5 70.6 72.2 71.0 , 71.8 70.8 71.0 Average. Average. 80.7 79.7 78.6 77.6 76.6 75.6 75.2 74.9 75.6 76.2 76.0 75.4 73.6 72.4 71.3 71.5 72.2 73.9 75.1 77.9 80.3 81.7 81.6 81.5 80.6 81.2 81.8 82.1 82.8 82.3 82.2 82.5 83.5 84.3 85.1 85.0 84.2 84.6 84.0 83.2 82.5 71.8 58.3 70.1 55.1 61.0 68.8 53.5 62.0 66.3 52.4 63.1 67.1 53.8 62.6 63.5 53.7 62.8 61.9 55.5 63.8 60.3 57.2 62.7 60.1 58.7 63.6 60.8 62.4 64.5 60.1 60.5 64.2 64.8 59.3 63.9 64.6 65.2 64.8 64. 80.3 78.3 78.6 78.7 77.2 76.3 73.1 71.8 74.2 76.3 75.4 80.9 72.1 70.4 68.9 73.3 72.1 73.2 71.0 75.4 80.6 83.3 83.9 89.1 79.8 79.6 81.5 82.5 82.9 82.6 79.0 77.8 81.7 82.6 83.7 91.1 Average. 59.2 60.1 62.2 62.9 6i.0 63.2 63.8 62.8 62.4 63.0 61.8 62.3 62.9 63.1 63.4 63.3 63.6 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 79.5 79.2 80.2 83.6 82.2 __ __ __ __ __ __ .... 71.9 69.1 68.5 67.7 65.5 62.7 59.2 56.9 58.3 59.7 58.6 60.4 54.7 51.8 49.0 52.0 51.3 52.2 51.0 54.9 58.7 61.6 61.4 64.0 59.0 58.8 59.8 61.2 61.5 61.4 60.1 58.4 60.6 61.9 61.9 66.2 59.7 5ft. 3 60.4 62.5 62.0 __ __ __ ..... 76.8 76.1 82.8183.7 64.2 56.8 63.0 164.6 76.8 76.1 82.1 j180.9 63.2 55.2 60.9 |i60.8 Retail trade— other than general m e r c h a n dising 84.8 81.2 82.6 82.7 82.1 80.3 74.1 71.5 78.7 83.7 84.6 104.7 76.4 86.6 73.0 85.0 70.7 90.1 80.7 91.0 78.5 92.0 79.9 90.6 74.7 83.0 78.4 81.2 89.0 91.5 93.6 94.2 97.0 99.9 118.9|128.4 87.3 86.2 88.7 94.5 91.4 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 78.1 73.1 73.1 72.3 70.5 67.6 61.3 58.5 64.3 67.7 67.9 79.2 61.4 57.1 53.4 60.8 59.3 60.6 56.4 62.4 71.8 75.3 76.1 90.1 71.1 68.9 71.5 74.0 74.5 73.9 69.5 66.9 74.0 77.3 80.2 99.0 73.5 72.3 74.1 77.5 76.3 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ---- 79.1 77 6 77.5 77.6 75.9 75.2 72.8 71.9 73.0 74.3 73.0 74.6 71.0 69.7 68.4 71.3 70.4 71.5 70.0 74.6 78.4 80.6 80.4 81.3 78.0 78.2 79.3 80.3 80.5 80.5 77.9 76.9 79.1 79.5 79.4 81.3 77.4 77.3 78.0 80.7 79.8 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 70.6 68.3 67.5 66.7 64.5 61.7 58.8 56.6 57.1 58.1 56.7 56.5 53.3 50.7 48.1 50.2 49.7 50.5 49.9 53.4 56.0 58.8 58.3 58.6 56.5 56.7 57.4 58.5 58.8 58.8 58.2 56.6 57.8 58.7 58.1 59.4 56.9 56.6 57.6 59.4 59.0 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 82.6 84.2 92.8 189.6 69.5 65.4 75.1 174.7 75.2 74.0 79.2 178.6 61.9 53.1 58. Oj157.9 Hotels J a n ua ry...... Februa ry ..... M a r c h ........ April......... M a y ......... J u n e .......... July.......... Aug u s t . ...... Sept emb er____ October...... N o v e m b e r .... D e c e m b e r .... 60.9 60.6 59.4 58 1 58.2 58.0 57.4 58.2 57.8 59.8 59.4 59.6 Total retail trade Retail trade— general merchandising J a n uar y...... February..... M a r c h ........ April....... . M a y ......... J u n e .......... July.......... A u g u s t ....... Septe mbe r ____ October...... N o v e m b e r ____ D e c e m b e r .... ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 75.4 74.8 73.6 71.8 72.2 70.2 66.4 63.8 62.5 61.5 61.7 61.9 83.0 78.8 83.8 182.6 79.8 72.0 77.9 178.9 75.5 70.0 72.1 ji71.3 68.0 58.9 62.2 163.3 Wholesale trade J a n u a r y ___ Februa ry ..... M a r c h ..... April...... M a y ....... J u n e .......... July....... A u g u s t .... September.. October...... November.. December.. 71.2 71.0 71.3 71.4 71.6 83.2 84.3 84.0 82.7 80.1 78.0 78.4 77.6 77.0 75.4 74.3 73.2 73.8 73.8 72.4 71.9 71.9 73.6 75.6 77. ] 78.7 77.0 75.8 77.6 81.5 84.8 86.4 86.6 85.7 86.2 85.3 86.2 84.4 84.2 83.7 83.3 85.4 86.7 86.5 85.5 84.8 73.9 73.9 72.4 69.6 67.0 ____ 63.8 ____ 61,8 59.6 59.1 ____ 58.6 ____ 57.5 .... 56.6 Laundries 55.7 55.9 53.5 51.7 51.8 52.3 53.3 54.0 55.6 58.2 55.2 57.6 60.8 65.2 66.6 66.5 65.9 66.2 65.6 64.5 64.3 65.3 64.9 64.9 66.0 67.8 68.2 67.1 66.4 ____ .... ____ ____ ---- 88.2 86.3 85.4 85.4 84.8 84.4 83.6 82.2 81.9 80.7 79.4 79.1 78.6 77.5 76.1 76.5 76.6 79.2 79.5 8.1.1 82.6 81.3 78.4 78.4 78.5 78.4 79.2 80.5 82.1 84.0 84.6 83.7 82.9 81.7 80.3 79.5 79.6 79.6 79.7 80.0 81.1 ____ ____ .... ____ ____ .... 80.0 76.7 75.0 74.7 73.9 71.8 69.4 65.9 65.8 64.1 61.9 61.4 60.7 58.1 55.4 56.6 57.1 59.4 58.7 60.3 63.5 62.5 60.7 61.1 61.7 61.7 62.7 64.4 66.9 68.3 6S.2 66.6 65.9 64.8 63.7 63.3 63.9 64.1 64.6 65.5 66.6 ____ ____ ____ ____ .... 79.0 74.9 84.9 185.8 64.5 54.4 65.1 J67.1 83.5 78 8 81.3 180.0 70.1 59.5 64.9 164.9 i A v e n g e f">r 5 months. * N o t including electric-railroad car building a n d repairing; see transportation e qui p m e n t a n d railroad, repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 1. 17 Table 6.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1932 to M a y 1935— Continued D y e i n g a n d cleaning Month Employment P a y rolls Employment P a y rolls 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 J a n uar y______ F ebruary_____ M a r c h ________ April_________ M a y __________ J u n e .... ..... July.......... A u g u s t _______ Sep tember____ October______ N o v e m b e r ____ D e c e m b e r ____ Average. 75.8 74.4 74.4 76.9 78.0 78.6 76.1 73.4 76.9 76.0 72.0 69.5 67.4 65.6 65.8 74.9 75.7 79.1 76.6 76.8 81.9 81.6 76.1 70.5 68.1 68.1 72.4 79.9 84.3 84.9 80.5 78.6 80.0 80.3 75.8 72.4 70.3 69.6 72.5 79.9 80.9 62.4 59.0 58.5 62.5 63.8 62.4 56.9 53.4 57.9 55.8 49.6 45.9 44.2 40.2 38.9 51.7 51.0 53.7 50.0 50.0 57.1 57.4 52.5 47.3 46.8 46.3 51.7 60.8 65.1 64.1 58.9 56.7 59.0 59.1 53.9 51.1 50.4 49.8 53.5 61.9 61.7 ---- 75.2 74.3 77.1 174.6 57.3 49.5 56.1 155.5 * Average for 5 mont hs. Em ploym en t in Building C o n stru ctio n R e p o r t s from 10,274 firms engaged on public projects not financed from Public Works Administration funds and in private building con struction show th at in comparison with the previous month employ ment in M ay increased 11.2 percent and pay rolls increased 15.3 percent. These are the largest April to M ay percentages of increase shown in the past 5 years by the B ureau’s survey. Three-fourths of the localities covered by the survey reported increases both in employment and pay rolls. Compared with the corresponding month of last year, employment in M ay 1935 shows an increase of 0.4 percent and pay rolls an increase of 3.6 percent. In M ay the weekly pay roll for 84,692 workers amounted to $2,017,813, as compared with $1,750,646 earned by 76,139 workers employed by the same contractors in April. The average weekly earnings were $23.83 in M ay against $22.99 in April. These are per capita weekly earnings, computed by dividing the total amount of the weekly pay roll by the total number of employees— part-tim e as well as full-time. Reports from 9,885 firms, 96.2 percent of the 10,274 cooperating firms, show th at, in the week ending nearest M ay 15, 77,974 men worked 2,327,588 hours and earned $1,891,009. In the correspond ing period in April these firms employed 70,469 wage earners who worked 2,001,856 hours and earned $1,642,878. The average hours worked per week were 29.9 in M ay and 28.4 in April. Average hourly earnings amounted to 81.2 cents in M ay and 82.1 cents in April. Table 7 summarizes the replies of the cooperating firms which reported to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in M ay. Workers of all 18 trades engaged for erecting, altering, or repairing buildings are included in the tabulation. W ork on roads, bridges, and docks is omitted. This survey covers building construction in various localities in 34 States and the D istrict of Columbia. Table 7.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in the BuildingConstruction Industry, May 1935 [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics bu t are taken f rom reports issued b y cooperating State bureausl +7.9 20 830 + 1.0 8,087 +15.8 17,621 + 1.9 1935 Cent* 81.2 -1.1 19.07 +7.3 29.4 +5.0 65.4 +2.8 21.23 May Percentage change from April 1935 +5.3 1935 29.9 May +3.7 May Percentage change from April 1935 424 1935 76 Number California: Los Angeles ........ S a n Francisco-Oakland..... ....... Other localities____ T h e State........ Percentage change from April 1935 A l aba ma: B i r m i n g h a m . Average hourly earnings 1 Dollars 23.83 Amount Percentage change from April 1935 1935 May Dollars All localities........... 10,274 84,692 +11.2 2,017,813 +15.3 Average hours per w e e k per man 1 Average w eekly earnings P a y rolls Amount Percentage change from April 1935 1935 May Number Locality N u m b e r of firms reporting Employment + .9 32.3 +8.8 65.7 - 7 .3 23 701 - 3 .4 20 399 +15.0 63 1,930 + 1.8 14,872 - U .O 8,618 +39.9 4U0U +.8 21.22 -10 .9 21.35 +21.7 21.25 - 1 .0 25.1 - 5 .3 24.8 +13.8 28.1 +4.1 84.6 - 5 .9 86.2 + 7.2 75.5 -4 .9 Colorado: D e n v e r ..... 176 557 +12.3 11.947 +14.6 21.45 +2.1 26.0 -2,6 81.7 +3.& Connecticut: Bridgeport....... . Hartford— ....... .. N e w H a v e n . . ..... 135 256 132 504 +13.5 881 +7.2 737 +16.2 12,105 +22.1 20,280 +12.3 18,122 +24.2 24.02 23.02 24.59 +7.6 +4.8 +6.8 32.1 32.4 32.9 +8.4 +7.3 +9.3 75.0 - . 5 71.0 -1.9 74.8 -2.3 T h e State........ 523 2,122 +11.7 50,507 +18.7 23.80 +6.3 32.5 +8.3 73.3 -1.6 Delaware: Wi lmington. District of C o l u m b i a ___ 90 1,050 +4.1 406 4,565 +23.4 25,422 +12.7 119,411 +29.8 24.21 26.16 +8.3 +5.2 33.7 31.6 +7.3 +7.5 72.0 +1.1 82.9 -1.8 24.7 -13.6 29.7 +7.2 58.9 -1.3 69.2 -2.9 Florida: Jacksonville....... M i a m i ............. 43 65 248 +25.3 994 +47.9 3,603 +6.8 20, 412 +53.8 14.53 -14.7 20.54 +3.9 108 1,242 +42.8 24,015 +44.2 19.34 +1.0 28.7 +2.9 67.4 -1.7 Georgia: Atlanta. ...... 119 14,452 16.50 -4.1 27.4 -2.5 60.2 -1.6 Illinois: Chicago........... Other localities_____ m 1,255 + 1.6 117 3,865 + 24.8 33,380 + 11.9 60,076 +16.7 26.60 +10.1 16.54 - 6 .5 (2) (2) ?} (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) T h e State........ HI 5,120 +18.2 93,456 +14.9 18.25 (2) (2) (2) (2) Indiana: Evansville......... Fort W a y n e ....... Indianapolis....... South B e n d ........ 58 263 -9.9 66 235 +24.3 137 1,052 +3.1 34 200 +33.3 5,457 -15.0 5,189 +38.1 23,634 +. 5 4,418 +41.2 20.75 -5.6 22.08 +11.1 22.47 -2.5 22.09 +5.9 27.0 27.8 29.2 29.6 -7.5 +9.4 -.7 +2.4 76.9 79.3 77.0 74.8 295 1,750 +6.0 38,698 +5.1 28.7 - .7 77.0 -. 4 76 350 -12.5 49 179 -7.3 132 903 +22.4 112 778 -10.7 84 380 +44.5 103 1,446 +8.2 686 5,787 +30.6 7,578 3,633 16,401 12,719 8,447 29,428 146,269 -21.3 -9.9 +10.4 -14.9 +68.1 +12.1 +38.6 26.1 -7.4 29.9 +5.7 27.6 -7.1 25.9 -7.5 31.6 +26.4 28.5 + 1.8 31.6 +9.0 83.6 67.8 65.5 63.3 70.3 73.3 80.2 -2.7 -8.3 -2.4 +3.1 -8.0 + 2.1 - 2.8 T h e State........ T h e State........ Iowa: D e s M o i n e s ..... Kansas: Wichita....... Ken tucky: Louisville... Louisiana: N e w Orleans Maine: Portland...... Marl yan d: Baltimore... Massachusetts: All lo calities. 876 +11.5 +6.8 22.11 -.9 21.65 -10.1 20.30 -2.9 18.16 -9.8 16.35 -4.7 22.23 +16.3 20.35 + 3.7 25.28 +6.1 i Averages c o m p u t e d from reports furnished b y 9,885 firms. -2 .8 2 D a t a not available. +2.3 +1.3 -1.9 +3.6 19 Table 7.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in the BuildingConstruction Industry, M a y 1935— Continued 122,673 +10.1 5,262 +55.5 7,716 +21.1 T h e State........ 615 5,391 +11.5 135,651 +12.0 Minnesota: D u l u t h ............ Minneapolis....... St. Pau l ........... 46 180 +13.9 187 1,056 +19.3 133 632 -1.1 4,316 +24.3 26,403 +30.0 16,556 +13.7 T h e State........ 366 1,868 +11.1 Missouri: Ka nsa s C i t y 3...... St. Louis.......... 234 1,433 +15.4 526 2,711 +11.3 760 4,144 +12.7 T h e State....... +.4 33.6 Percentage change from April 1935 25.16 1935 34.1 + 4 . 6 28.4 +11.4 31.2 + 9 . 5 May Percentage change from April 1935 1935 +0.4 +7.9 +5. 3 Average hourly earnings Cents 76.6 - 4 . 2 63.7 - 3 . 2 59.8 -3 .9 +5.0 74.8 -4 .5 23.98 +9.1 25,00 + 8 . 9 26,20 +15.0 30.3 + 7 . 4 31.9 + 8 . 9 32.2 +14.2 79.6 + 1 . 3 79.0 + 1 . 0 81.3 + . 6 47,275 +23.3 25.31 +11.1 31.8 +10.4 79.9 33,825 +8 . 4 73,826 +19.2 23.60 27.23 -6.1 +7 . 1 26.0 -10.3 91.4 + 5 . 4 26.6 + 2. 3 102.1 + 4 . 6 107,651 +15.6 25.98 +2.6 26.4 -2 . 2 +6.4 21.54 +.5 30.6 +.7 21,949 +.9 98.5 + 5 . 1 70.1 Nebraska: O m a h a ..... 146 1,019 N e w York: N e w Y o r k City.... Other localities.... 611 9,889 - .1 830 6,885 +12.8 802,617 +2.8 166,462 +20.9 80.76 24.85 +2.9 + 7.7 29.0 29.8 + 4.8 106.0 - 1 . 4 +9.7 88.1 - 1 .8 T h e State........ 941 16,674 469,079 +8.6 28.18 +8.8 29.1 +6.2 96.6 - 2 .4 5,311 -13.0 17.19 +1.4 28.5 -4 .4 60.2 + 6 . 0 +2.0 +14.0 +41.1 +41.7 +27.4 24.69 25.70 28.12 27.45 26.33 +10.9 +4 . 3 +14.8 +27.6 + 19.4 N o r t h Carolina: C h a r lotte................. 44 +5.9 26.17 18.08 18.68 Dollars May Percentage change from April 1935 1935 May Dollars Number 465 4,687 + 9 . 6 291 +44.1 51 99 413 +1 5.0 Average hours per w e e k per man Percentage change from April 1935 Michigan: Detroit............ Flint.............. G r a n d R a p i d s ..... Amount May Percentage change from April 1935 f £ Number k s cn a <o © <s Locality 1935 fl Average weekly earnings 1935 P a y rolls May Employment Amount b£ + 4•6 309 -14.2 Ohio: A k r o n ............. Cincinnati4........ Cleveland.......... D a y t o n ............ Y o u n g s t o w n ....... 89 .335 -8 .0 392 2,391 + 9 . 4 613 2,847 +22.9 143 500 +11.1 89 417 + 6 . 6 T h e State........ 1,326 6,490 +13.7 Ok l a h o m a : O k l a h o m a City.... Tulsa.............. 70 44 405 173 8,271 61,447 80,056 13,726 10,980 174,480 +27.3 -.2 -4. 9 7,803 3,293 -4 .6 -6 .4 11,096 -5. 2 T h e State........ 114 578 -1.7 Oregon: Portland...... 153 984 +20. 0 23,526 +23.0 Pennsylvania: 5 Erie area----------Philadelphia area_._ Pittsburgh area.... Read ing area....... Scranton area...... Other areas........ 22 198 - 1 1 .9 346 2,860 +4-6 180 1,243 4 85 258 +27.1 m 172 +80.8 £41 2,177 +15.9 T h e State........ R h o d e Island: Provi dence................ 850 6,903 + 7.6 253 1,665 +30.2 2,559 —9.8 60,441 +4.1 84.894 +9.5 4,882 +24.1 4,157 +26.1 44,065 +17.2 150,448 +9.8 38,568 +43.7 3 Includes both K ans as City, M o., a n d K a n s a s City, Kans. 4 Includes Covington a n d N ewp ort , K y . 5 E a c h separate area includes from 2 to 8 counties. -.6 +2.2 +5.6 -1. 5 +6.5 +6.6 29.3 + 8 . 5 29.4 -1.3 28.3 +16.0 31.7 +20.1 29.0 +12.0 84.2 87.4 98.9 86.7 90.8 26.88 +12.0 29.1 +8.2 92.2 + 3 . 4 19.27 19.03 -4. 4 -1. 6 26.7 26.0 -1. 5 -7. 8 72.3 - . 8 72.9 + 6 . 3 19.20 -3.5 26.4 -4 .0 72.5 + 1 . 4 27.3 +.4 87.5 + 1 . 9 23.91 + 2 . 5 18.26 21.13 27.67 18.73 24.17 20.24 +2.8 - .5 +9.9 -2 .8 -8 .2 + 1.1 19.2 +10.3 10.8 + .7 29.6 +8.0 28.8 - 3 .7 81.2 + .3 83.2 +9.9 64.9 70.6 96.0 65.2 77.4 60.8 21.79 +2.0 81.1 +5.4 71.6 -2 .8 32.3 +12.9 71.5 - 2 . 2 23.16 +10.3 -8 .6 - .7 + 1.2 + 1.2 -8 .6 - 7 .5 20 Table 7.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in the BuildingConstruction Industry, M a y 1935— Continued Tennessee: Chattanooga....... Knoxville.......... M e m p h i s .......... Nashville.......... T h e State........ Texas: Dallas............. El Paso .. ......... H o u s t o n ........... S a n Antonio....... 175 -16.3 29 348 -6. 7 36 265 - 8.3 63 536 + 1 . 9 76 204 1,324 - 5 . 2 869 +22.4 91 -19.5 21 156 1,039 - 1 0 . 0 469 +23.1 81 432 2,468 + 4 . 7 174 T h e State........ Utah: Salt L a k e City... 21,289 + .2 14,708 +11.5 1,712 -4.1 21,280 -6 . 3 7,223 +16.9 44,923 + 2 . 4 Dollars 14.66 +13.1 16.51 +10.7 18.05 -3 .6 15.29 + 6 . 4 16.08 +5.7 16.93 -8 . 9 18.81 +19. 0 20.48 +4 . 1 15.40 -5.1 18.20 - 2 . 2 27.3 +1 6.2 27.1 + 9 . 3 27.4 + 2 . 2 28.1 + 3 . 7 27.6 + 6 . 6 26.0 26.0 30.3 26.2 -9 .1 +9.7 +4.1 -9.0 Cents Percentage change from April 1935 1935 May Percentage change from April 1935 Percentage change from April 1935 1935 May 1935 May 2,565 -5 .3 5,744 + 3 . 2 4,783 - 1 1 . 6 8,197 + 8 . 5 Average hourly earnings 53.6 60.9 65.9 54.4 -2.9 +1.3 -5.6 +2.4 58.3 -.7 65.0 - . 9 72.4 + 8 . 4 68.4 + . 4 58.5 + 3 . 5 65.6 + . 3 27.8 - 303 +20.7 6,574 +1 6.4 21.70 -3 . 6 28.3 -4.1 64 410 881 12 0 184 1,291 +7.3 +.9 +2.9 6,915 +. 6 17,955 + 1 0 . 8 24,870 + 7 . 8 16.87 20.38 19.26 - 6 .2 +9.8 +4.7 26.5 - 4 . 7 31.8 + 1 2 . 0 30.1 + 6 . 7 719 143 388 56 144 75 274 1, 251 +11.3 +30.6 -12.7 + 1 2 .9 j 17,266 9,777 2,721 29,764 24.01 + 6 . 0 25.20 + .2 18.90 - 1 2 . 0 23.79 + 2 . 8 23.7 + . 4 101.3 + 5 . 3 31.8 + 9 . 7 79.1 - 8 . 8 20.3 -15.4 93.3 + 4 . 7 25.9 + 3 . 2 92.1 - . 1 21.90 32.0 74 Virginia: N orfolk-Portsmouth R i c h m o n d ......... T h e State........ Washington: Seattle............. S p o k a n e ........... T a c o m a ............ T h e State........ W e s t Virginia: W h e e l ing................... Wisconsin: All localities. Dollars Am o u n t § Percentage change from April 1935 Number 0 1 s Amount May 1 s Locality Percentage change from April 1935 1935 I Average hours per w e e k per man 1935 Average weekly earnings May P a y rolls Number Employment 52 W 228 + +17.9 +30.9 -23.2 +16. 0 i 4,994 + + 1 .5 2 .8 +3.6 76.8 63.6 - 1 . 9 63.7 - 2 . 2 63.7 - 2 . 0 68.7 - 2,843 +15.11 48,S&4 +22.7 20.86 +6.6 31.7 +5.0 64.3 1 0 .1 1 1 .8 + .8 2 .1 + .5 Em p loym en t on Class I R ailroads A c c o r d i n g to reports of the In terstate Commerce Commission there were 985,096 workers (preliminary), exclusive of executives and officials, employed in M ay by class I railroads— th at is, roads having operating revenues of $1,000,000 or over. This represents an in crease of 2.1 percent when compared with the 965,161 workers em ployed in April. Information concerning pay rolls in M ay is not yet available. The total compensation in April of all employees except executives and officials was $129,886,731 as compared with $126,502,835 in M arch. The increase over the month interval was 2.7 percent and reflected the 5-percent wage-rate increase given to all employees effective April 1. Index numbers showing the monthly trend of employment by class I railroads from Jan u ary 1923 through M ay 1935 are given in table 8. These indexes have been compiled by the In terstate Commerce Com mission and, like the B u reau ’s indexes of factory employment, the 3-year average, 1 923-25, represents 100. 21 Table 8.— Indexes of Employment on Class I railroads in the United States, January 1923 to M a y 1935 1.3-year average, 1923-25=100] Month 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 January..... February.... M a r c h ....... April... .... M a y ......... Ju n e ......... July......... A u g u s t ...... Se p tem ber ___ October..... N o v e m b e r ___ D e c e m b e r ___ Average___ 98.4 98.6 100.4 101.9 104.8 107.1 108.2 109.2 1U7.7 107.1 105.0 99.1 96.7 96.9 97.3 98.8 99.1 97.9 98.0 98.9 99.6 100.7 98.9 96.0 98.2 95.5 95.3 95.1 96.5 97,7 98.5 99.3 99.5 99.7 100.4 98.9 96.9 95.6 95.8 96.5 98.6 95.2 95.0 95.6 97.1 99.1 100.7 100.7 99.2 98.8 98.5 95.5 91.7 97.3 89.1 88.7 89.7 91.5 94.4 95.8 95.4 95.5 95.1 95.2 92.7 89.5 92.7 104.0 97.8 1 0 0 .0 101.3 1 0 2 .6 102.4 102.5 103.1 1 0 1 .0 98.0 99.8 » Preliminary. Source: Interstate C o m m e r c e Commission, 1929 1930 8 8 .0 8 8 .6 8 6 .1 89.8 91.9 94.6 95.8 96.3 97.1 96.5 96.6 92.8 88.5 93.1 2 85.2 85.3 86.7 88.3 86.3 84.5 83.5 82.0 80.2 76.9 74.8 83.3 1931 1932 1933 1934 73.5 72.6 72.7 73.4 73.8 72.7 72.3 71.0 69.2 67.6 64.4 62.5 70.6 61.1 60.2 60.5 59.9 59.6 57.7 56.3 54.9 55.7 56.9 55.8 54.7 57.8 53.0 52.7 51.5 51.8 52.5 53.6 55.4 56.8 57.7 57.4 55.8 54.0 54.4 54.1 53.7 54.6 54.2 55.9 54.8 56.9 i 54.7 58.5 i 55.8 59.0 _____ 58.7 57.8 57.3 _____ 56.6 54.8 53.8 ----56.5 1935 2 54.6 Average for 5 months. T re n d o f In d u strial E m p loym en t, b y States in employment and pay rolls in M ay 1935 as com pared with April 1935, in certain industrial groups, are shown by States in table 9. These tabulations have been prepared from data secured directly from reporting establishments and from information supplied by cooperating State agencies. The combined total of all groups does not include building-construction data, which are shown by city and State totals in the section “ Building construction.” In addition to the combined total of all groups, the changes in employ ment and pay rolls in the manufacturing, public utility, hotel, whole sale trade, retail trade, bituminous-coal mining, crude-petroleum producing, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, metalliferous mining, laundry, dyeing and cleaning, and banks-brokerage-insurance groups are presented. In this State compilation the totals of the telephone and telegraph, power and light, and electric-railroad operations groups have been cpmbined and are presented as one group— Public utilities. The percentage changes shown in the table, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted; th at is, the industries included in the groups, and the groups included in the total of all groups, have not been weighted according to their relative importance in the combined totals. The anthracite-mining industry, which is confined entirely to the S tate of Pennsylvania, showed an increase of 1.8 percent in employ ment and a decrease of 0.7 percent in pay rolls from April to M ay. These percentages are based on reports received from 160 mines, which employed in M ay 74,418 workers, whose earnings in the week ending nearest the 15th were $2,004,814. When the identity of any reporting company would be disclosed by the publication of a State total for any industrial group, figures for the group do not appear in the separate industrial-group tabulation, but are included in the State totals for “All groups” . Details are not given for any industrial group when the representation in the State covers less than three establishments. F l u c t u a t i o n s 22 Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April and M a y 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the B u r e a u of La bor Statistics, but are taken f rom reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Total— All groups Per N u m cent Amount ber o n age p a y roll payroll, change of (1 week), May from M a y 1935 1935 April 1935 787,545 -0.8 116,489,889 49,506 +1 . 7 906,887 39,359 -2.1 725,629 15,504 +1 . 6 319,316 Geographic divi N u m ber of sion a n d State estab lish me nts N e w E n g l a n d ___ 14,333 Per cent age change from April 1935 -0.1 +1 . 3 -.9 +5.0 Num ber of estab lish men ts 3,210 262 192 131 Manufacturing Per N u m cent A m o u n t ber o n age of p a y roll payroll, change (1 week), May from M a y 1935 April 1935 1935 518,248 -1.9 $10,054,552 698,183 39,996 +.9 32,522 -2 .8 570,599 187,130 9,265 +.2 Per cent*age change from April 1935 -1.5 +.2 -1.4 +6.4 M a i n e .... ..... 915 N e w Hampshi re. 759 544 V e r m o n t ....... Massachusetts__ 1 86,087 R h o d e Island___ 1,297 Connecticut.... 2,121 168,231 M iddle Atlantic.. 31,849 1,754,257 N e w Y o r k . ..... 18,472 747,370 N e w Jersey..... 3,898 243,809 Pennsylvania___ 9,479 763,078 +.6 - . 6 3,510,850 -1.1 40,870,074 -2 . 0 19,097,568 5,612,966 -.6 - . 3 16,159,540 415 65,066 +1.5 663 136,617 +1 .1 -1.2 4,924 1,038,191 - 1.9 2 - 1.0 3 -.4 +.9 - . 5 2,744,073 - . 9 22,724,292 +2.1 +1.2 -1.7 1,819,828 529,332 167,565 - . 7 42,105,767 -1 . 0 11,681,397 - . 3 3,572,997 -3.1 6,508 1,327,284 -5. 0 2,319 373,377 656 120,836 -.5 -1 .4 30,862,418 -1 . 4 8,233,091 -1 . 4 2,625,298 -3.1 -7 . 7 -2.3 - 1.0 2,237 385 +1.7 394 +4.0 816 -5 . 0 50 +3.9 -.2 33 160 +2.0 179,105 36,899 26,986 76,526 959 1,583 10,205 -1 .1 +2.0 +3.7 -5.0 +6 . 1 -5. 6 +2.2 - . 8 2,695 51 -.6 6,833 -2. 0 +2.4 8,697 428,858 -1-4 9,825,669 1,701,538 East N o r t h C e n tral.... ..... O h i o . .......... Indiana......... Illinois......... Mich i g a n ....... Wisconsin...... 2 0 ,2 9 2 8,601 2,683 - 1.1 1,547 284,782 —8.8 4,668,117 -4.4 1,186,450 1,908 887,779 -1.5 9,827,070 -2.7 768 218,589 -4 4,877,065 +.2 8,520,157 -1.7 2,258 481,828 -.6 *4,808 476,175 —.5 10,676,842 -1.6 1,948 291,811 -1.1 6,274,079 -2.9 3,686 481,461 -1 .3 12,690,817 - 4.3 829 409,199 - 2.0 10,949,612 -.2 165,295 + . S 8,484,214 + • £ 756 182,061 « + 1.2 2,780,838 (0 * 1,014 West North C e n tral.... ..... 13,547 Minnesota-..... I o w a ........... Missouri........ North D a k o t a South D a k ota . __ Neb r a s k a ....... K a n s a s ......... 2,344 1,798 3,548 580 598 1,857 400,495 86,433 55,007 160,419 5,190 7,407 32,669 D e law are _______ M a r y l a n d ...... District of C o l u m b i a ....... Virginia........ W e s t Virginia... N o r t h CarolinaSouth Carolina.. Georgia......... Florida......... 207 722,752 11,114 - . 2 8,575,032 + 1 . 0 1,956,903 + 3 . 6 1,134,724 -2 . 6 3,351,968 113,862 +.5 182,914 -.8 +1.3 697,110 +.5 -1.7 12,458,826 232,919 +1.6 999 2,211 1,329 1,316 746 1,637 1,363 38,885 89,857 143,115 134,231 62,997 94,134 40,822 -.6 +.2 +. 3 -2 .3 -2 . 0 -4 .3 -7 .5 925,395 1,602,112 2,790,516 1,851,289 790,103 1,400,962 671,807 +.4 -1 .4 +3.6 -1 . 6 _(9) -3.7 -6.8 42 416 253 571 203 371 199 3,572 57,367 52,913 123,521 55,458 69,098 17,495 +4.1 -.9 K e n t u c k y ...... Tennessee...... A l a b a m a ....... Mississippi..... 4,902 1,512 1,422 1,316 652 255,922 81,716 82,852 75,103 16,251 -.4 +1.1 -1.1 -.7 -2 . 0 4,144,498 1,454,833 1,344,149 1,106,974 238,542 -.3 +. 5 - 2.0 +.9 - 1.7 936 288 318 232 98 147,434 31,654 56,246 50,028 9,506 -.6 3,208,493 +.3 879 Louisiana...... O k l a h o m a ...... Tex a s .......... 1,070 1,573 40,851 35,640 +. 3 - 2.6 708,548 740,632 +.2 -1 .9 213 137 4,575 785 516 341 1,168 368 536 602 259 6,437 3,263 114,207 16,540 9,613 7,326 38,202 9,953 12,917 16,442 3,214 356,663 64,390 +. 6 +2.9 +8.0 +.7 +.2 +1.4 -4.3 -1. 3 +3.2 -2.6 576 87 62 50 183 25 42 97 30 -1.6 1,595 33,382 4,493 2,984 1,656 12,401 3,841 2,478 4,737 792 170,813 20,592 81,822 S o u t h Atlantic.. 11,531 East S o u t h C e n tral...... ... 58,870 M o n t a n a ....... Ida h o .......... W y o m i n g ...... Colorado....... N e w M e x i c o ____ Arizona........ U t a h ........... N e v a d a ........ Pacific.... ...... 25,947 4 899 454,953 576,704 +.0 7,171,286 + .8 129,510 -2.1 -2. 1 -5 . 2 -2 . 9 118,466 982,359 1,127,485 1,669,113 663,102 903,629 244,435 +3.7 -2 . 5 -1 . 3 -1.7 -.1 -5 . 7 -(*) -1 .3 -.5 -1 .9 -.7 -3 . 3 2,268,439 593,906 858,576 696,047 119,910 -3 . 3 -4 . 7 -4.0 -1 . 3 -3.2 74,407 +.8 1,389,347 +1.0 21,172 9,795 +1.4 +1.5 +.7 +5.8 +8.4 +25.0 +3.4 +4.6 +1 . 1 +3.2 +3.9 +.6 -5.1 314,449 195,205 +1.8 +. 6 1,728 107,597 -.9 2,198,723 -1.8 589 68,696 « - 1.4 1,883,187 6 —2.7 West South Central...... 4,540 159,307 Arkansas....... io 588 19,578 M o u n t a i n ______ 1,187,551 3,718,661 -2.8 818,646 + 2 . 4 559,147 + 4 . 7 1,481,491 -10.2 21,887 + 5 . 0 33,235 + 1 . 1 227,551 + 5 . 3 1,859 63,248 W a s h i n g t o n .... Oregon......... 1,395 California...... ii 30,845 -.9 +• 1 -3.0 -1.2 -(9) -2 .3 - 2.1 803,791 -1.0 259 18,029 -.5 1,455,522 2,561,574 421,999 202,177 187,532 827,060 198,554 282,229 358,347 83,676 8,831,913 1,491,127 702,563 + 1.7 +1.1 270 80,411 -5.5 -2.7 386 212 +3.8 +9 .1 +5.5 -1 . 0 -.8 - 1.4 -.7 +3.4 9,868 -9.8 -4.8 184,088 -2.0 695,605 +1.6 727,224 + 4 . 2 103,332 + 8 . 4 62,027 +27.3 46,853 + 4 . 0 271,830 + 1 . 9 78,517 - 3 . 8 47,655 + ( 9) 95,443 + 3 . 9 21,567 + 2 . 7 4,118,127 -3 .9 435,779 -17.0 194,167 -12.7 1,779 261,428 -2.7 6,638,223 -.5 997 140,858 -4.3 8,488,181 -1.4 1 Includes construction, municipal, agricultural a n d office e m p l o ym ent , a m u s e m e n t a n d recreation, professional services, a n d trucking a n d handling. 2 Includes laundering a n d cleaning, but does not include food, canning a n d preserving. * Includes laundries. « Includes building a n d contracting. a Includes construction, but does not include hotels a n d restaurants, a n d public works. • W e i g h t e d percentage change. 7 N o change. s Includes construction, miscellaneous services (theaters), a n d restaurants. 9 Less than M o of 1 percent. 10 Includes automobile dealers a n d garages, a n d sand, gravel, a n d building stone. » Includes banks, insurance, a n d office employment. 23 Table — Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April and M a y 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Retail trade Wholesale trade Per Per Per Per cent Geographic divi N u m N u m cent A m o u n t cents N u m N u m cent A m o u n t ber of ber o n ber of ber o n age age age sion a n d State of p a y roll age p a y roll estab payroll, change of (1 week), change estab payroll, change (1 week), change from from M a y 1935 from from lish lish May May April M a y 1935 April ments April April m e n ts 1935 1935 1935 1935 1935 1935 N e w E n g l a n d ___ M a i n e .......... N e w Hampshir e. V e r m o n t ....... Massachusetts__ R h o d e Island___ Connecticut.... 1,318 110 38 29 25,629 1,609 416 522 1,746 3,828 89,047 65,237 4,075 19,735 -1.7 +1.9 +1.5 +.4 +.5 -.2 -13.2 -to -.7 -.2 -2 .0 94 199 Middle Atlantic.. 5,143 N e w Y o r k ...... 3,715 224 N e w Jersey..... Pennsylvania___ 1,204 46,819 97,984 2,666,273 1,995,167 117, 236 553,870 2,163 1,051 359 42,991 16,211 5,604 +.6 +.1 +.8 35,734 8,600 3,513 15,131 572 815 3,960 +. 6 14 618 976 16,123 10,426 2,141 3,556 9,928 15,000 243,478 154,969 21,580 66,929 1,129,786 424,979 138,933 + . 7 8,060 +. 7 3,892 + 1 . 3 1,209 197,699 64,037 18,312 -1.7 -2 . 5 -.7 3,855,285 1,218,642 341,885 -1 .2 -1.8 -.5 +1.4 +1.3 -.1 +1.2 +4.6 +.1 930,489 231,287 92,057 385,587 15,399 22,244 105,232 + L 2 4,912 + 2 . 4 1,058 535 +1.5 +♦ 1 1,349 129 +8 . 0 203 +5. 8 790 +.7 75,520 16,838 8,200 30,029 1,055 1,230 8,809 -1.8 - 2.3 -2. 6 -2.2 +1.7 -1 . 4 1,427,957 316,290 152,752 595,417 19,415 23,136 158,813 -.6 -.7 +2.3 -1.6 +.8 +1.7 -.9 21,992 517 -3 .1 - 1.0 476,649 11,834 + 3 . 6 5,165 80 -2 .6 • -.4 73,976 1,427 -2. 3 -.6 1,369,653 28,479 -1 .6 -.8 55 205 119 55 69 106 224 1,074 3,218 1,841 687 887 1,501 7,326 +1.7 - 2. 5 +1.0 +.1 -.1 -.5 -7 . 4 748 33,848 +3 .1 73,855 -4.1 1,195 49,422 +1 . 3 312 20,711 + 2 . 6 470 20,924 333 -.3 805 37,598 -.7 109,425 -12.7 537 14,879 11,840 4,025 4,616 3,450 9,588 6,962 -2 . 4 -.1 -1 . 0 -6 . 5 +.1 -1.1 - 6. 4 308,004 217,448 74,922 73,366 49,476 162,167 131,314 -1 . 6 +• 1 +1.0 -2.6 +.6 -.9 -7.0 582 201 211 103 67 9,337 2,924 3,221 2,088 1,104 -.6 +.7 +.1 -.6 -5.5 211,494 60,946 73,149 52,324 25,075 - . 4 1,877 447 -2.0 488 +.5 -.9 728 214 +1.8 26,521 8,468 9,025 6,824 2,204 -.9 -1.2 +.4 -1.8 -2.0 469,755 152,523 160,247 121,853 35,132 +.1 -.8 +1.7 -.6 -.1 594 6£ 176 172 11,620 -.9 285,472 -1.6 1,811 30,247 -1.7 517,437 7,305 8,072 -3.6 -1.1 634 125 72 I dah o.......... W y o m i n g ...... 26 171 Colorado....... N e w Mexico___ 36 Arizona......... 70 U t a h ........... 86 N e v a d a ......... 48 Pacific.......... 1,120 735 W a s h i n g t o n ____ 290 Ore g o n ......... California....... 8,167 1,022 634 229 3,300 290 946 1,447 299 19,282 10,101 3,840 21,938 2,863 2,042 958 7,880 1,416 3,163 2,856 760 55,708 17,108 8,867 -.6 +1.1 +2.7 +.5 +. 1 +.2 -1.4 -6.7 +3 . 3 -2.1 +.5 -.3 +. - 1. 8 +. 1 +. +.3 +2.4 +1.6 -.6 -.1 +.7 -.2 — 2.0 +2.6 +1.0 East N o r t h C e n tral... ...... O h i o ........... Indiana-....... Illinois......... Mic h i g a n .... . Wisconsin...... West North C e n tral.......... M i n n eso ta______ I o w a ........... Missouri-....... North D a k o t a South D a k ota. — Nebra s k a ....... K a n s a s .... ..... 880 18,016 +1.2 328 6,339 +.3 45 1,821 + 1.9 2 ,3 0 9 404 217 714 139 170 499 166 S o u t h Atlantic.. 1,120 Delaware-...... M a r y l a n d ...... District of C o l u m b i a ....... Virginia........ W e s t Virginia... N o r t h CarolinaSouth Carolina— Georgia_________ Florida......... East S o u t h C e n tral.......... K e n t u c k y ...... Tennessee...... A l a b a m a ....... Mississippi__ West South C e n tral............................... Arkansas....... Louisiana.. ............. O k l a h o m a ...... T exa s ........... M o u n t a i n ...... M o n t a n a ....... m 184 95 8,148 +.2 4,941 -1.1 1,208 -2.A .; 3,301 2,777 7 N o change. » Less than H o of 1 percent. 1215-35- 4,884 6,841 — +.5 -1.8 -3. 1 -3.0 -6.9 -.9 +1.4 -3.7 -19.3 +.9 +.3 +.3 -C) +2.0 470,946 +0 . 4 6,691 277 +1 . 3 306 +1 . 3 157 +1.3 99,913 2,850 3,027 1,474 + 0 . 3 $2,008,157 55,198 + 2.1 59,352 + 2.1 31,891 +3.7 +. -1.7 190,208 313,599 +1.6 -4.0 5,291,567 -5.3 3,480,893 472,210 +1.8 -2.7 1,338,464 848 17,608 $678,104 39,003 11,186 12,166 + 1.7 4,857 67,684 +2. 1 -6.7 -.7 -.6 +.1 -1.1 1 1,867,909 +0.5 +1.2 +3.0 +3.5 + .$ -1.2 +1.4 -2.4 -2.9 -.8 -i .6 855,699 + 1.4 1,260 70,542 -1.7 1,480,891 -1.6 32,775 -1.1 696,857 -.3 168,869 - . 5 1,656 41,806 -.9 58 12,088 - • 4 167,610 + 2.8 78,688 119,082 + 1.6 848 9,859 -.5 686 17,189 -2.8 81,401 -1.7 125 77,939 67,925 + ( 9) -1.4 -.2 468 755 2,168 (7) 108,207 -2.5 468 12,702 -1.2 214,353 28,475 15,683 6,696 84,710 7,558 21,066 39,888 10,277 540,461 283,001 106,500 160,960 - . 6 1,943 336 -CO -2.9' 255 140 -.5 + . 5 i 383 196 -2.8 -6.6i 268 261 +. 7 +2. 2! 104 + 1.0 2,489 + . 5 i 1,756 +2.7 607 +.7 +.4 126 29,788 -4.2 162,184 +.3 824,477 -1.4 88,825 125,705 148,331 209,676 458,700 67,086 42,031 22,530 151,660 32,241 63,025 60,564 19,563 1,155,036 356,040 185,404 618,692 2 2 +. 4 +2.2 +1.1 24 Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April and M a y 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued IFigures in italics are not compiled b y the Bu r e a u of Lab or Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Quarrying a n d nonmetallic mining Metalliferous mining Per Per Per Per cent cent N u m N u m cent A m o u n t Geographic divi N u m N u m cent A m o u n t age ber of ber o n ber of ber o n age age sion a n d State of p a y roll age p a y roll estab payroll, change of change estab payroll, change ( 1 week), change ( 1 week), May from from from lish from lish May April M a y 1935 April ment s April M a y 1935 April ments 1935 1935 1935 1935 1935 1935 N e w E n g l a n d ___ M a i n e _________ New Hamp shire_________V e r m o n t _______ Massachusetts — R h o d e Island___ Connecticut____ M i d d l e Atlantic N e w Y o r k ______ N e w Jersey_____ Pennsylvania___ East North Central...... O hi o ............ Tndianft,. Illinois......... Michigan Wisconsin______ West North Central_____ Mi nne sot a______ I o w a ___________ Missouri________ N or t h D a k o t a South Dakota- — Ne br a s k a__ ____ Ka n s a s ......... S o u t h Atlantic.. Delaware__ M a r y l a n d ______ District of C o l u m bia __ Virginia________ W e s t Virginia-.. N o r t h CarolinaSouth Carolina. _ Georgia--------Florida_________ East South C e n tral......... K e n t u c k y ______ Tennessee______ A l a b a m a _______ Mississippi______ West South Central— .... Arkansas_______ Louisiana______ O k l a h o m a ______ Texa s.... ...... M o u n t a i n ______ M o n t a n a _______ Id a h o .... . W y o m i n g ______ Colorado...... . N e w M e x i c o ___ Arizona_____ _ U t a h ___________ N e v a d a _____ _ Pacific.......... W a s h i n g t o n ____ Or egon_________ California___ _ 98 11 11 39 20 17 m 78 34 145 280 131 70 22 45 12 3,289 +17.3 626 +67.8 $66,611 + 2 2 . 6 13,187 +98.8 90 +52.5 1,854 + 6 . 9 520 +13.5 1,997 +61.8 35,433 + 4 . 9 12,079 +27.9 199 8,233 2,689 604 4,940 + 1 0 .6 + 1 1 .6 +15.5 + 1 0 .8 +9.6 6,781 + 7 . 9 3,321 + 7 . 5 1,599 + 6 . 0 589 + 2 . 4 1,132 +17.9 lg) -9 .7 + + 2 0 .8 1 0 .8 +2.9 + 2 0 .8 +14. 9 132,880 +24.3 74,080 +42.8 24,184 -1.7 10,970 + 1 . 1 21,424 +22.4 2,222 + 7 . 7 32 3,987 +1.5 70,256 + 32 (12) 3,240 + 54,097 + 2 .6 +.7 747 +15.7 + 2 2 .6 +17.0 +19.9 64,356 +11.7 4,226 +15.9 7,228 +1 4.0 2 1 ,0 0 2 +18.6 916 + 2 . 3 5,500 +73.7 107 55 - 1 . 8 448 +64.1 1,282 +.7 5,0 61+3.0 7 207 + 21.1 30 18 1,421 + 1 0 . 2 658 -17.1 286 +13.5 107 -4 .5 1,521 +• 8 861 + 9 . 7 17,827 10,675 4,034 1,492 18,159 10,916 + + 2,311 +12.7 976 +25.4 617 + 7 . 5 559 -4.0 159 +37.1 24,205 9,109 6,699 6,593 1,804 + 1 1 .6 +20.7 + 1 2 .2 -5.2 +47.6 13 1,540 4 360 1,180 1,682 25,446 -19.6 1,247 -2.7 5,411 -37.6 1,853 -5.7 25 146 26 19 56 6 11 28 10 4 23 15 82 36 18 17 11 43 4 4 14 21 20 8 3,889 255 407 1,442 3,915 142,351 50,197 12,208 79,946 -4.2 121 +3. 4 575 - . 2 175 +14.4 811 -10 .8 229 +13.9 92 +13.6 25. m 66,418 + ‘d 49 20 -9.1 7 117 +19.4 58 1,536 +. 1 556 + 1 2 . 6 59 -33.0 921 -3.4 11 5 42 12 N o t available. 16,159 22 3,632 -13.7 1 ,2 2 1 +19.9 56,255 -14.3 26,112 +28. 6 13 1,842 18,933 n -1.3 569 -5 7 .1 -9. 6 11,210 -54.0 8,815 +20.0 1 0 .0 1 1 .0 1 1 .2 +.3 +4 . 7 +11.5 16,935 - U . 1 3,80J 1,370 9 25 +9.6 -3 .2 88 361 +19.1 12 16 8 5 1 .8 +.4 2 .1 2,078 +18.3 32,325 10,432 1,132 20,761 + 1 1 .8 +20.7 -21.9 +10.3 + 1 .0 ______ 28,334 +3.4 +1.5 7’571 ""+3" 2 20,763 + 3 . 5 300 -76.9 4,128 -79.9 300 -76.9 4,128 -79.9 14^706 " "+3~ 0 3,936 +3. 7 2,156 + 2 . 0 372", 562 ~"+4~0 115, 622 +3 . 1 51,608 + 5 . 8 20 13 15 34 1,113 + 4 . 1 916 + 1 0 . 6 3,706 - 1 . 0 2,266 + 5 . 0 613 + 6 . 6 2,855 + 1 . 2 28,990 16,983 92,460 51,813 15,086 80,622 +1.9 +6.5 +2.5 +7.2 +5.3 +6. 9 84 2,855 80,622 +6.9 4 + 1.2 25 Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April and M a y 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued Figures in italics are not compiled b y the B u r e a u of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by cooperating State organizations] Bituminous-coal mining Crude-petroleum producing Per Per Per Per Geographic divi N u m N u m cent cent N u m N u m cent A m o u n t cent Amount ber of ber o n sion a n d State ber on age ber of age age age estab payroll, change of p a y roll change estab payroll, change of p a y roll change (1 week), (1 week), lish from from May M a y from from lish ment s April M a y 1935 April ments 1935 1935 April M a y 1935 April 1935 1935 1935 1935 N e w E n g l a n d ___ M a i n e ____ ______ N e w Hampshire. V e r m o n t .. ..... Massachusetts— _ R h o d e Island___ Connecticut____ Middle Atlantic. New' Y o r k . ..... N e w Jersey_____ Pennsylvania___ East N o r t h C e n tral...... ... Ohio__ ________ Indiana Illinois___ _____ Mic hig an _______ Wisconsin...... West North C e n tral... ...... Minne sot a______ I o w a ___________ Missouri___ __ No rth Dakota... South D a k o t a Ne bra ska — ..... K a n s a s........ . S o u t h Atlantic.. 429 75,056 429 75,056 153 73 51 24,627 +10.8 13,504 +7. 7 5,565 +25.7 29 59 5,558 +6. 6 1,202,053 +6. 6 13 373 +19.6 7,866 423,879 +29.2 232,712 +33.6 99,162 +62.2 23 10 3 10 422 228 14 180 8,245 + 4 . 9 4, 326 + 6 . 7 141 -10.8 3,778 + 3 . 5 -.7 +5.8 4,747 +43.8 18 16 7 18 1,713 +53.6 1,202 +51.8 413 -15.7 1,419 +56.8 92,005 - .8 76,113 +38.3 25,890 + 1 1 9 79,899 +1 . 0 1,391,328 +8.2 n 1,4*4 -6 .2 16,127 —27.1 22 372 4,573 73,902 K e n t u c k y ______ Tennessee______ A l a b a m a ______ 201 130 17 54 40,278 27,232 2,775 10,271 +.3 +1.6 -2.6 - 2.2 W e s t Soutbi C e n tral......... 22 692 -4.0 10,127 -18.5 72 -16 . S 916 -23.9 263 357 -6.4 +.8 East S o u t h C e n tral_________ Arkansas_______ Louisiana....... O k l a h o m a ______ Texas__________ M o u n t a i n ..... . M o n t a n a . ..... . Idaho— ....... . W y o m i n g ______ Colorado_______ N e w Mexico Arizona_________ U t a h . _________ N e v a d a ________ Pacific__________ W a s h i n g t o n ____ Oregon......... California______ 3 69,851 +8. 1 +.8 1,305,350 613,772 442,587 33,785 137,400 -.6 +9 . 4 +8 .7 +7 . 6 +2 . 7 +14. 4 118 10,818 -10.0 710 -12.3 3,310 -34.2 5,901 -4.6 -8.6 17,241 -6.6 32 48 14 -. 4 3,398 3,582 -16.0 -.1 1,830 86,528 +10.3 56,893 -24.2 32,514 +.1 14 1,298 -23.9 32,434 -23.4 14 5 10 12 12 ’N o change. 968 968 -2.2 -2.2 1,277 21 +.2 +1 . 8 (7) -1.6 (7) 30,920 225,610 21.954 21.954 -5.8 -5.8 +3.0 -.8 ------ 27,022 +137.0 ..... -------- -----13,992 +8 . 5 9,709 +12.3 408 De laware— .... M a r y l a n d ...... District of C o l u m b i a _______ Virginia--...... W e s t Virginia. __ N o r t h Carolina South Carolina Georgia________ Florida___ _____ 16 3 434 +16.4 61 (7) $9,299 + 0 . 5 1,433 -11.2 -0.7 $1,202,053 30,920 7,050 -.8 +1 . 3 21 12 1,277 351 (7) +.3 12 351 +.3 5 5 235 235 + 8.8 +8.8 3.298 3.298 +4.5 +4.5 94 5 10 69 10,730 184 424 4,581 317,236 3,990 12,861 113,164 +4.3 -5.5 +5 . 1 +2.4 10 5.541 -.6 -.5 +1.0 +.2 - 1.8 +5 . 6 (7) 11,737 522 +4.3 -1.1 16 6 435 18 7,050 187,221 +1.3 + 5.6 5 151 +3 . 4 4, 307 +3.2 5 266 +7 . 3 6,908 +5.4 32 6,574 +4.6 211,787 +4.6 32 6,574 +4 . 6 211,787 +4.6 26 Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April and M a y 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Public utilities Per Geographic divi N u m N u m cent A m o u n t sion and State ber of ber on age pay roll estab payroll, change of lish May from M(1aweek), y 1935 April ments 1935 1935 N e w England— M a i n e ......... New H a m p s h i r e . V e r m o n t ....... Massachusetts__ Rh o d e Island___ Connecticut.... M iddle Atlantic.. N e w Y o r k ..... N e w Jersey.... Pennsylvania___ H ast N o r t h C e n tral.......... Ohio.......... Indiana........ Illinois......... Michigan...... Wisconsin...... West North C e n tral......... Minnesota_____ Iowa.......... Missouri. ...... North Dakota... South Dakota... Nebraska...... Kansas........ S o u t h Atlantic.. Delaware______ Maryland______ District of C o lumbia_______ Virginia________ W e s t Virginia__ North CarolinaSouth Carolina. . Georgia . _ Florida________ East S o u t h C e n tral_____ ____ Kentucky______ Tennessee______ A l a b a m a ..... . Mississippi_____ West South Central..... Arkansas_______ Louisiana...... Oklahoma______ Texas......... M o u n t a i n ...... Mo n t a n a _______ Idaho....... . W y o m i n g ______ Colorado_______ N e w Mexico___ Arizona.... . _ U t a h .......... N e v a d a .... ... Pacific— ....... Washington____ Oregon........ California______ 773 187 147 131 65,518 2,802 2,358 1,534 53 130 2,263 1,153 301 1,314 574 159 Hotels Per cent age change from April 1935 Per Per N u m N u m cent A m o u n t cent ber of ber on age of pay roll age estab payroll, change (1 week), change lish May from from April M a y 1935 April ments 1935 1935 1935 +1.0 $1,964,369 +2.5 75,181 +1.2 64,632 38,608 +2.5 +1.7 +2.8 -1.2 +2.0 138 16 10 14 5,622 7,749 198,042 121,855 21,462 +1.4 -.2 +. 3 +.2 +.2 171,837 235,225 6,211,395 3,967,487 639,868 +1.5 +3.1 +1.0 +1.0 +1.2 10 25 422 202 75 379 1,182 40,922 27,246 4,102 +.5 +.4 +.3 -. 5 +4.9 5,363 16,606 624,734 440,497 50,437 +.1 +3.4 -.8 -2.2 +2.9 156,829 35,517 9,359 +.8 +.7 +. 9 4,597,846 991,195 237,829 +1.1 +1.1 +.8 568 126 62 32,256 9,183 3,000 +1.2 +1.3 +2.8 425,917 120,797 32,404 +2.0 +2.9 +3.8 64,768 (12) +.4 161,980 42,935 23,488 63,038 3,070 3.027 18,606 +.4S +1.1 +2.8 -. 8 +.4 +2.2 +.5 *125 45,A58 +.9 1,378,886 +1.6 63 809 5/h725 +•4 1,604,040 +1.0 145 8,348 +1.0 624 +2.1 191 -16.6 376 +4.4 6,596 +1.6 9,674 +1.0 88 71,551 +1.1 2,114,687 +.7 14251 13,601 +1.4 452 29,411 5,094 907,033 +1.3 +.3 87 -.8 ™41 10,991 +1.5 347,102 +2.4 42 U 478 +3.1 1,915 273 508 341 183 129 318 is 168 1,226 30 5S, 563 12,896 9,581 20,359 1,381 1,081 5,979 52,984 1,155 +. 7 +1.9 +. 5 +• 1 +3.5 +1.0 +2.0 -.7 -.1 +2.2 54 203 129 122 91 234 258 10,385 5,914 6,618 2,050 2,093 7,474 5,013 921 308 275 119 219 1,536,992 +. 1 353,608 +1.4 224,546 -1.4 569,207 +(») 33,896 +2.1 26,406 +1.5 -.2 148,228 305 66 53 83 20 18 38 13,937 3,402 2,505 5,060 288 263 1,754 1,404,120 33,054 +. 4 +4.1 299 5 13,588 -12.0 286 -.7 738 +5./ -.1 +.9 -.6 +.6 -1.3 +.6 -2.5 290,714 144,841 168,780 42,933 42, 731 200, 721 125,083 +.8 + .4 -.4 +.3 +2.2 +. 9 -1.4 45 34 35 33 15 35 78 14,456 5,281 5,178 1,887 2,110 +2.0 +2.9 +1.3 +• 1 +3.0 320,114 118,664 118,047 40,833 42,570 + 1.0 +1. 5 +2.0 +. 7 -2.8 848 20,800 +L4 1,116 +.8 534,537 156 288 5,356 6,496 +. 4 -.8 7,882 +4.1 131,572 154,956 13,997 2,224 784 477 5,967 632 1, 546 1,947 420 60,317 10,140 5,648 +1.7 +3.7 +3.6 +. 6 +1.9 -1.6 -3.4 +3.6 +3.7 + .9 +1.0 -.2 218,805 +4.3 349,243 65,618 15,471 11,545 153,744 12,994 37,945 40,283 11,643 1,744,121 288,104 162,364 +2.3 +5.3 +1.2 +• 6 +2.5 -.4 -1.2 +1.7 +4.6 +1.2 -.1 +.8 7,m 99 12,282 +.2 25 879 701 118 63 52 225 55 75 75 38 446 211 189 181,101 -.4 855,268 +.4 27 19 665 +.6 83,637 +1.5 183,800 +2.4 207,948 +1.8 7,816 -1.1 165,003 -12.5 3,854 -2.0 8,957 +.2 -1.9 +11.2 +2.5 -3.4 -18.7 -23.0 -56.2 74,321 -1.7 23,349 +9.2 13,996 +1. 6 14, 639 -2.7 2,932 -16.4 10,899 -26.3 12,056 -61. 7 101 32 34 20 15 6,614 +4.9 2,418 +14.2 2,514 +1.0 1,061 +. 1 621 -2.7 62,069 +7.5 25,257 +16.8 22,327 +3.3 +. 3 9,340 5,145 -1.3 +2.3 107 5,736 + .8 -.5 17 36 1,830 1,423 29,204 +10.2 22 32 172 31 19 11 47 17 19 13 15 309 82 56 46 44,529 +1.1 1,298,668 +1.5 171 * Less than H o of 1 percent. 12 No t available. 13 Includes steam railways. 14 Includes restaurants. « Includes railways and express. +1.4 +. 7 +7.2 -.3 +2.1 +1.9 -.1 $119,377 +1.2 7,947 +2.7 2,362 -23.4 3,562 +5.1 4,618 2,186 1,290 1,618 364 1,311 1,177 871 — 2.0 -.9.0 +.3 +.5 1,612 -2.6 3,922 -5.3 538 -.9 479 +7.2 93 -4.1 1,143 +1.2 427 +1.4 408 -42.5 578 +4.7 256 +4.9 14,162 - .4 2,551 +2.0 1,239 +.2 10,872 - 1.1 64,166 -1.0 21,261 15,969 +1.1 +1.4 7,768 -7.6 19,173 -2.3 52,491 -5.3 7,932 +3.1 5,448 +2.2 1,250 -3.0 15,389 +1.6 4,168 +.6 6,753 -38.0 7,903 +7.2 3,648 +1.7 212,402 -1.3 30,007 -.2 16,506 +1.4 165,889 -l.l 27 Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April and M a y 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued [Figures in ita lies are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Laundries Dyeing and cleaning Per Geographic divi N u m N u m cent Amount sion and State ber of ber on age pay roll estab payroll, change of (1 week), lish M a y from M a y 1935 April ments 1935 1935 N e w E n g l a n d ___ Mai n e _________ N e w Hampshire. Ve r m o n t _______ Massachusetts__ Rho d e Island___ Connecticut____ Middle Atlantic.. N e w Y ork_____ N e w Jersey____ Pennsylvania. _ _ East N o r t h C e n tral. ..... ... Ohio___________ Indiana.... . _ Illinois.... .... Michigan Wisconsin______ West North Central..... Minnesota... . Iowa. . __ _ Missouri.... .. North Dakota— _ South Dakota.. . Nebraska______ Kansas. S o u t h Atlantic. Delaware...... Mar y l an d...... District of C o lumbia....... Virginia....... West Virginia-.. North CarolinaSouth Carolina.. Georgia....... . Florida....... . East S o u t h C e n tral.......... Kentucky...... Tennessee...... A l a b a m a ....... Mississippi_____ West South C e n tral.......... Arkansas...... Louisiana...... O k l ahoma...... Texas.......... M o u n t a i n ...... M o n t a n a ....... Idaho.......... W y o m i n g ...... Colorado....... N e w Mexico___ Arizona........ U t a h .......... N e v a d a ________ Pacific.... ...... Washington.... Oregon........ California______ 247 25 17 7 Per Per cent N u m N u m cent A m o u n t age age ber of ber on pay roll change estab payroll, change of (1 week), May from lish from M a y 1935 April 1935 April ments 1935 1935 9,370 514 277 160 +0.7 +1.6 +2.2 +2.6 $153,189 7,325 4,025 2,295 +1.5 +3.0 +4.3 +4.3 126 11 6 6 21 37 151 73 42 36 1,084 1,405 14,012 7,137 4,204 2,671 + .3 -.2 +1.3 +1.4 +1.4 +.9 18,862 23,655 244,783 129, 590 72,702 42,491 +1.2 +3.2 +1.3 +1.1 + .8 +2.7 8 17 71 22 11 38 260 75 36 12,883 3,848 1,614 +1.3 +1.0 +.8 210,590 64,645 23,908 |-2.3 -1.8 -3.2 IJfi 60 W07 173 35 26 50 11 5 12 16SA 157 3 27 5,930 +.8 3,252 +1.2 3,178 +1.9 991 +1.5 7,364 1,452 991 2,900 226 110 843 97,027 +.9 56,476 -2.8 50,500 -2.1 15,061 -1.9 78 3,428 225 56 86 +3.7 +9.2 +1.8 (7) 2,284 +4.1 427 +1.2 350 +2.6 2,430 +1.3 480 -1.2 355 +16.0 1,595 -.8 $62,829 4,058 1,105 1,376 Per cent age change from April 1935 +1.2 +7.0 +.6 +. 3 41,507 +2.4 7,544 -7.3 7,239 +1.2 47,210 +.4 9,468 -3.8 8,066 +17.5 29, 676 -2.2 151 74 36 3,944 2,206 464 -.2 -.4 -1.1 79,873 44,375 7,985 -3.8 -3.8 -1.4 41 1,274 +.4 27,513 -4.4 35,183 9,890 2,479 19,900 636 +.3 -2.9 -3.9 +2.5 -2.0 +.7 + .3 +1.2 -1.1 +4.6 — .9 +5.8 105,037 24,372 13,909 38,655 3,462 1,388 11,996 +. 9 +.7 +. 7 -.7 +4.1 +3.0 +4.3 80 21 14 29 4 2,069 538 142 1,212 37 -2.3 -3.4 -1.4 -2.3 12 140 +.7 2,278 +.6 11,344 224 + ( 9) 154,628 4,027 -.3 +5.1 110 4 1,712 26,954 +2.3 10 +2.9 +1.6 221 +.9 3,902 +4-4 2,919 1,331 842 +1.3 +3.2 1,899 +.3 11,255 -1-8 .fi 29,463 +.1 63 (7) 1,237 +11.3 21 27 16 12 8 22 21 684 411 2,225 1,036 +2.6 +1.6 -2.5 +2.7 +. 7 +1.3 -12.0 46,980 +1.8 16,045 +2.0 9,318 -2.0 7,854 +4.0 4,049 -.2 26,012 +2.1 10,880 _ 18.6 4 32 14 13 10 11 12 107 +7.0 454 +5.3 243 -2.8 156 +5.4 85 +2.4 212 +11.6 171 -5.0 2,041 +9.7 7,221 +8.5 3,826 -7.6 2,205 +13.4 1,134 - .6 2,720 +8.3 2,668 -17.7 67 34 16 12 5 3,865 +6.3 1,538 +. 8 1,420 +3.8 635 +33.7 272 +2.3 43,241 +8.1 19,494 +2.5 14,380 +5.8 6,270 +42.9 3,097 +3.5 36 10 11 9 6 626 286 +4.3 -1.0 +10.6 115 +9.5 58 +5.5 9,218 +7.0 4,298 -1.4 2,381 +15.4 1,646 +18.2 893 +11.8 71 3,434 +1.5 42,157 7 22 27 99 13 18 9 31 4 10 11 3 91 16 12 392 905 1,642 3,384 323 368 190 1,290 206 307 652 48 5,782 643 397 +3.7 +1.0 +2.2 -.3 -.9 +1.4 +2.2 +.2 — 1.9 -2.5 -1.7 +9.1 +2.3 -2.6 +1.3 42 3 7 18 14 53 10 4 3 22 902 +4.0 40 +5.3 115 +15.0 224 +2.3 523 +2.5 504 +.4 60 -3.2 30 +3.4 17 (7) 270 +.4 14,323 +5.2 655 -4.0 1,633 +25.5 3,013 +4.9 9,022 +2.9 9,439 -1.2 1,276 -3.3 579 +2.7 389 -1.0 -. 2 4,856 4 10 27 +12.5 100 -1.0 466 1,873 +.2 -3.9 25 17 8 249 184 65 4,708 3,376 1,332 -4.0 -6.8 +4.1 15 i« 63 615 495 -1.8 4,74^ +3.1 7 N o change. • Less than H o of 1 percent. 16 Includes dyeing and cleaning. +3.5 5,070 -2.7 4,339 +12.7 11,685 +3.7 21,063 +3.2 50,868 +.1 -.2 6,049 5,831 +3.0 3,199 +1.6 17,770 +1.5 3,313 — .9 3,922 -8.0 9,762 -1.2 1,022 +9.3 105,217 +3.5 11,453 -5.4 6,497 +.4 87,267 4-5 0 167 -2.0 -2.1 -1.5 28 Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April and M a y 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Banks, brokerage, and insurance Geographic division and State N e w E n g l a n d .......................... M a i n e ________________________________ N a w Hampshire . ,ir. - - _ V ermont______________________________ Massachusetts_________________________ R h o d e Island__________________________ Connecticut................. .....„... Middle Atlantic........................ N e w Y o r k _____________________________ N e w Jersey____________________________ Pennsylvania. . _____ ____ East N o r t h Central.................... Ohio.......... ........................ Indiana , , Illinois________________________________ Michigan______________________________ Wisconsin_____________________________ W A s t N o r t h Central__ Minnesota_____________________________ Iowa__________________________________ Missouri______________________________ North Dakota_________________________ South Dakota_________________________ Nebraska______________________________ Kansas________________________________ S o u t h Atlantic ....................... Delaware____________________________ _ Maryland_____________________________ District of Columbia___________________ Virginia_______________________________ W e st Virginia_______ ____ _____________ North Carolina________________________ South Carolina________________________ Georgia_______________________________ _______________________________ Florida jEast S o u t h Central Kentucky_____________________________ Tennessee_____________________________ A l ab a m a ______________________________ W e s t S o u t h Central... ...... .......... Arkansas______________________________ Louisiana_____________________________ Ok l a h o m a _____________________________ Texas_________________________________ ___ _____ __________________ M o u n t a__ in M o n t a n a ______________________________ Idaho_________________________________ W y o m i n g _____________________________ Colorado______________________________ N e w Mexico___________________________ Arizona_______________________________ U t a h .................................. N e v a d a __________________ ____________ Pacific................. ................ Washington___________________________ Oregon________________________________ California_____________________________ 7 N o change. • Less than H o of 1 percent. 17 Does not include brokerage. Per o u n t of Percentage N u m b e r of N u m b e r centage A mpay roll change establish on pay roll, change (1 week) from April from M a y 1935 ments M a y 1935 1935 April 1935 436 16 32 30 17 225 76 57 1,393 611 123 659 633 276 42 91 195 29 380 54 14 81 36 32 17 v262 & 18 27 30 46 49 30 13 30 19 81 21 30 13 17 97 20 12 23 42 145 25 14 11 41 10 26 15 3 1,196 35 14 1,147 12,296 260 422 233 7,691 1,789 1,901 82,988 50,990 13,825 18,178 28,315 7,900 1,198 11,319 6,785 1,113 12,378 4,332 969 4,716 253 223 531 1,854 7,614 556 879 1,331 1,449 659 613 142 1,204 781 2,705 704 1,329 455 217 2,811 284 381 629 1,517 2,616 261 132 111 1,236 116 300 444 16 25,426 1,529 761 23,136 -0.4 +2.0 — 1.2 +.4 — .7 +.2 — .3 +. 3 +.3 +.2 +•4 +.3 +.5 +09 +.4 + ( 9) — .2 -.3 — 1.1 (7>. +.5 + .8 +1.8 + .4 — 1.6 + .2 +.2 — .1 +.6 +.6 + .3 +.2 +.7 (0 — .8 +.3 — .1 +.5 <7>, +. 5 +2.5 +1.4 +21.0 -.6 +.2 -.1 (0 (7) CO -1.0 +4.5 +3.1 -.9 +6.7 + .3 +.9 +.9 +.3 $396,266 6,805 10,371 6,855 129,999 73,682 68,554 2,794,166 1,810,519 442,675 -0.6 +.5 — 1.2 — .9 —•4 1.& — — .1 +.6 +.5 +.9 540,972 976,341 272,555 41,268 398,998 223,529 39,991 380,115 129,537 32,096 144,746 6,268 5,438 18,906 48,124 259,214 20,101 35,809 51,021 47,807 19,692 16,434 4,263 39,057 25,030 90,559 24,751 46,987 13,905 4,916 85,077 7,342 13,378 21,093 43,264 83,395 7,476 3,408 3,289 40,857 3,083 8,474 16,306 502 828,067 50,713 26,952 750,402 +.6 +.1 +.9 — .8 — .7 +.6 +.2 +.2 +09 +(\ . 2 +.2 — 1.5 +1.0 +.4 + .6 +1.3 — 2.0 +2.7 +• 1 +1.1 — 5.9 — 8.3 +5.7 — .7 -.1 +.5 -. 2 -.3 +1.2 -1.9 -. 7 +.3 -.4 +1.2 -.9 -.7 -1.7 +2.4 +2.0 +.4 +3.9 -.7 +.4 +1.2 -.9 29 Industrial E m p l o y m e n t a n d P a y Rolls in Principal Cities H ow employment ajid pay-roll totals in M ay compare with the April volume in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 5,00,000 or over is shown in table 10. These changes are computed from reports received from identical establishments in each of the months considered. In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these city totals. As information concerning employment in building con struction is not available for all cities a t this time, figures for this industry have not been included in these city totals. Table 10.—Fluctuations in Employment and Pay Rolls in May 1935 as Compared with April 1935 Cities N u m b e r of establish ments re porting in both months N e w Yor k City........ Chicago, 111............ Philadelphia, P a ....... Detroit, M i c h ......... Los Anceles, Calif...... Cleveland, Ohio....... St. Louis, M o ......... Baltimore, M d ........ Boston, M a s s .......... Pittsburgh, P a ......... San Francisco, Calif____ Buffalo, N. Y ......... Milwaukee, W i s ....... 14,614 3,691 2,831 1,609 2,826 1,948 1,837 1,427 3,994 1,450 2,082 1,026 675 N u m b e r on pay roll April 1935 598,754 346,057 216,394 338,208 123,223 130,476 122,007 81,523 158,986 149,973 85,428 67,393 70,841 May 1935 587,556 343,237 214,542 333,947 124,024 128,257 118,344 80,786 156,506 150,329 83,783 66, 762 69,922 Per centage change from April 1935 -1.9 -.8 - .9 -1.3 + .7 -1.7 -3.0 -.9 -1.6 +.2 -1.9 -.9 -1.3 A m o u n t of pay roll (1 week) April 1935 May 1935 15,807,839 8,530,191 5,003,512 9,582,161 2,896,472 3,157,715 2,669,977 1,743,027 3,706,610 3,333,563 2,218,421 1,572,841 1,607,628 15,485,601 8,362,680 4,918,066 9,312,979 2,927,878 2,857,348 2, 518,414 1, 701,543 3,639,996 3,331,149 2,215,136 1,518,373 1,625, 747 Per centage change from April 1935 -2.0 -2.0 -1.7 -2.8 +1.1 -9.5 -5.7 -2.4 -1.8 -.1 -. 2 -3.5 +1.1 Public Employment E x c l u s i v e of the emergency-work program and the military service all types of public employment showed increases during M ay. The most pronounced gains were in construction work. There was a gain of 60,000 in the number of employees working at the site of P . W . A. construction projects and an increase of more than 16,000 in the number of workers in Civilian Conservation Camps. These gains, however, were more than offset by a sharp curtailm ent of the emer gency-work program. A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics in M ay is given in table 11. 30 Table 11.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, M a y 1935 [Preliminary figures] Employment Class May Federal service: 712,112 Executive— ................... 1,879 Judicial....................... 4,877 Legislative.................... 254,340 Military....................... Construction projects financed b y 394,875 P. W . A _ . ...................... Construction projects financed b y R. F. C ......................... 10,506 Construction projects financed b y regular governmental appropria tions. ........................... 23,057 Relief work: Emergency-work program______ 2,228,064 Emergency conservation w o r k __ 385,192 April 709,977 1,859 4,830 256,491 Percentage change P a y roll May April +0.3 $108,548,803 $106,744,129 474,736 475,804 +1.1 +1.0 1,160,191 1,153,325 -.1 21,462,144 19,898,971 Per cent age change +1.7 -. 2 +.6 +7.9 333,045 +18.6 24,490,087 20,939,741 +17.0 10,300 +2.0 1,100,977 1,007,424 +9.3 22,270 +3.5 1.599,937 1,378,616 +16.1 2,308,839 368,537 -3.5 +4.6 64,559,740 17,719,018 62,343,804 16,401,114 +3.6 +8.0 E x e c u tiv e , L egislative, M ilita ry , and Judicial Services o f th e F ed eral G o v ern m en t D u r i n g M ay employment increased in the executive, legislative, and judicial services of the Federal Government. The military service, on the other hand, showed a decline in personnel for the second consecutive month. The total pay roll for all branches of the Federal service amounted to over $131,600,000, an increase of slightly more than 2 percent in comparison with April. The information concerning employment in the executive depart ments is collected by the Civil Service Commission from the various departments and offices of the United States Government. The figures are tabulated by the Bureau of L ab or Statistics. D ata for the legislative, judicial, and military services are collected and tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information concerning the number of employees in the executive departments of the Federal Government is shown in table 12. D ata for employees working in the D istrict of Columbia are shown sep arately. Approximately 14 percent of the workers in executive departments are employed in the city of Washington. 31 Table 12.—Employees in the Executive Service of the United States, May 1934, April 1935, and May 1935 District of C o l u m b i a Outside District of Co l u m b i a Entire service It em Perma T e m nent porary Total N u m b e r of employees: M a y 1934.............. 2 77,700 8,456 2 86,156 92,000 8,949 100,949 April 1935............. M a y 1935_ ............. 92,283 10,256 102,539 G a i n or loss: M a y 1934 to M a y 1935. +14,583 +1,800 +16,383 + 2 8 3 +1,307 +1,590 Apiil 1935 to M a y 1935. Percentage change: M a y 1934 to M a y 1935. +18.77 +21. 29 +19.02 +.31 +14.60 +1.58 April 1935 to M a y 1935La bor turn-over, M a y 1935: 1,655 2,310 3,965 Additions *............ 917 2,066 1,149 Separations4... ....... 1.00 11.97 2.03 Turn-over rate per 100..... P e r m a T e m Total nent porary 1 P e r m a T e m Total nent porary i 2 495,195 2 89,525 2 584,720 2 572,895 2 97,981 2 670,876 512,794 96,234 609,028 604,794 105,183 709,977 515,001 94,572 609,573 607,284 104,828 3 712,112 +19,806 +5,047 +24,853 +34,389 +6,847 +41,236 — 355 +2,135 +2,207 -1,662 + 5 4 5 +2,490 +4.00 +. 4 3 +5.64 -1.73 +4.25 +.09 +6.00 +. 41 +6.99 -.34 +6.15 +.30 8,640 6,887 1.34 23,270 20,804 21.81 31,910 27,691 4.54 10,295 7,804 1.29 25,580 21,953 20.91 35,875 29,757 4.18 1 N o t including field employees of thelPostfOffice D e p a r t m e n t or 34,780 employees hired under letters of authorization b y the D e p a r t m e n t of Agriculture with a p a y roll of $1,253,022. 2 Revised. 3 Loss of 3,983 employees b y incomplete transfer, but not actual separations for M a y . 4 N o t including employees transferred within the G o v e r n m e n t service as such transfers should not be regarded as labor turn-over. There were 2,135 more employees working in the executive branch of the Federal Government in M ay than in the preceding month. This increase was largely accounted for by expansion in the D epart m ent of Agriculture, N avy D epartm ent, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. During the past year there has been a gain of more than 41,000 in the number of workers in the executive service of the Federal Government. This is an increase of 6 percent. During the same period Federal employment in the D istrict of Columbia in creased 19 percent and employment outside the D istrict increased 4.3 percent. Em ploym ent in the executive departments of the United States Government is shown in table 13, by months, from January 1934, to M ay 1935, inclusive. Table 13.—Employment in the Executive Departments of the United States by Months from January 1934 to May 1935 [Revised] Months 1934 Jan u a r y .......... Februa ry ......... M a r c h ............ April............. M a y ............. J u n e .............. July.............. A u g u s t ........... Se pte mbe r........ October.......... N o v e m b e r ........ D e c e m b e r ........ District of C o lumb ia Outside District of C o lu mbi a 78,259 80,106 81,762 84,050 86,156 87,418 88,213 91,324 92,823 93,587 94,089 94,307 539,810 540,607 552,123 571,018 584,720 583,306 594,031 596,350 599,406 600,159 591,419 587,294 Total 618,069 620,713 633,885 655,068 670,876 670,724 682,244 687,674 692,229 693, 746 685,508 681,601 Months 1935 J a n ua ry.......... February ......... M a r c h ............ April............. M a y . . ........... District of C o lu mbi a Outside District of C o lumbia 94,645 95,771 97,616 100,949 102,539 589,329 595,050 597,801 609,028 609,573 Total 683,974 690,821 695,417 709,977 712,112 32 F o r the fifth consecutive month there has been an increase over the previous month in the number of employees in the executive service of the United States Government. The rate of increase in M ay, however, was lower than during any of the previous 4 months. Information concerning employment and pay rolls for all branches of the United States Government is given in table 14, by months, from January 1934 to M ay 1935, inclusive. Table 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the United States Government, by Months, 1934 and 1935 [Subject to revision] Executive service1 Month Num ber of em ploy ees Amount of pay roll Military service Num ber of em ploy ees Amount of pay roll Judicial service Legislative service Num ber of A m o u n t e m of pay ploy roll ees Num ber of A m o u n t e m of pay ploy roll ees Total 1 Num ber of em ploy ees Amount of pay roll 1934 January--February__ M a r c h .... April...... M a y ...... June...... July...... August.... September. October___ November... D e cember— 618,069 $77,573,076 620,713 83,616,547 633,885 84,970,308 655,068 85,412,871 670,876 89,921,228 670,724 91,893,610 682,244 95,545,995 687.674 98,879,377 692,229 99,200,192 693,746 101,690.445 685,508 101,133,056 681,601 101,106,775 253,097 $18,382,945 253,599 19,365,135 254,634 18,240,513 255,211 18,454,878 254,982 18,397,551 255,227 18,739,952 256,350 19,587,571 256,625 19,689,866 257,355 19,986,672 258,187 19,102,969 260,300 20,945,771 259,968 20,125,003 1,780 $417,000 1,742 430,843 1,854 443,505 1,904 432,401 1,913 442,896 1,881 439,170 1,750 434.736 1,690 439,014 1,777 488,410 1,846 453,217 1,885 451,653 1,861 446,130 4,777 4,784 4,799 4,797 4,794 4,810 4,645 4,655 4,653 4,632 4,630 4,648 $966,193 1,020,803 1,022,808 1,020,924 1,035,106 1,039,198 1,073,348 1,072,406 1,070,956 1,070,290 1,070,881 1,057,996 877,723 $97,339,214 880,838 104,433,328 895,172 104,677,134 916,980 105,321,074 932,565 109,796,781 932,642 112,111,930 944,989 116,641,650 950,644 120,080,663 956,014 120,744,230 958,411 122,316,921 952,323 123,601,361 948,078 122,735,904 1935 January___ February__ M a r c h ---April...... M a y ...... 683,974 690,821 695,417 709,977 712,112 261,254 260,478 258,650 256,491 254,340 1.830 1,812 1.831 1,859 1,879 462,895 452,717 454,664 475,804 474.736 4,722 4,735 4,759 4,830 4,877 1,077,401 1,080,686 1,086,807 1,153,325 1,160,191 951,780 957,846 960,657 973,157 973,208 97,986,182 98,576,618 100,629,425 106,744,129 108,548,803 20,362,067 20,102,126 19,977,791 19,898,971 21,462,144 119,888,545 120,212,147 122,148,687 128,272,229 131,645,874 i Revised. C o n stru ctio n P ro jects Financed b y Public W orks A d m in istration M o r e people were working a t the site of Public W orks Administra tion construction projects during M ay than in any month since November 1934. During M ay 394,875 workers were directly em ployed on construction projects financed by the Public Works Admin istration. This represents an increase of more than 60,000 wage earners in comparison with April. Pay-roll disbursements for the month totaled more than $24,400,000. Orders were placed for construction materials for use on these projects valued a t over $36,700,000. Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during M ay on construction projects financed by Public W orks Ad ministration funds are given in table 15, by type of project. 33 Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Public Works Funds, M a y 1935 [Subject to revision] W a g e earners T y p e of project Maxi mum number em ployed 1 Weekly average N u m b e r of Average A m o u n t of m an- hours earnings p a y rolls per hour worked Va lue of material orders placed Federal projects All projects....................... Building construction............. Forestry.......................... N a v a l vessels...................... Public r oad s3..................... Reclamation...................... River, harbor, a n d flood control___ Streets a n d roads.................. W a t e r a n d sewerage..... .......... Miscellaneous..................... 2 267,992 16,554 2,793 24,248 (4) 26,718 27,215 8,311 615 9,572 259,151 $15,979,325 25,543,409 $0.626 $22,259,559 998,509 175,585 2,992,980 5,599,600 2,844,777 2,180,698 381,848 42,617 762,711 1,363,894 253,278 3,605,576 11,146,000 3,951 785 3,115,375 714,487 61,817 1,331,197 .732 .693 .830 .502 .720 .700 .534 .689 .573 2,194,308 71,188 2,248,897 11,300,000 1,840,661 3,677,132 286,498 67,084 573,791 13,925 2,793 23,904 151,966 25,982 23,386 7,582 564 9,049 Non-Federal projects All projects........................ 114,887 95,929 $7,456,486 9,698,612 $0,769 $13,960,829 Building construction............. Railroad construction............. Streets a n d roads.................. W a t e r a n d sewerage............... Miscellaneous..................... 49,355 10,433 15,947 36,277 2,875 40,472 9,369 13,477 30,256 2,355 3,429,866 967,980 759,925 2,109,079 189,636 3,837,984 1,544,413 1,120,261 2,944, 205 251, 749 .894 .627 .678 .716 .753 8,486,475 582,543 1,051,379 3,496,077 344,355 1 M a x i m u m n u m b e r e m p l o y e d during a n y 1 w e e k of the m o n t h b y each contractor a n d G o v e r n m e n t agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes weekly average for public roads. 3 Estimated b y the B u r e a u of Public Roads. < N o t available; average n u m b e r included in total. In comparison with April, increased employment was reported on all types of Federal construction projects. The gain was especially pronounced in road building. Earnings per hour on Federal projects ranged from 50 cents for road work to 83 cents for naval vessel co n stru cto r Reports for the month showed increases in the number of men employed on all types of non-Federal projects except railroad con struction. On no type of non-Federal construction did the hourly earnings fall below 60 cents. Workers in building construction aver aged 89 cents per hour. Federal construction projects are financed entirely by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the various depart ments and agencies of the Federal Government. The work is per formed either by commercial firms to which contracts have been awarded or by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies. Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to a State or political subdivision thereof, or in some cases to commercial firms. In allotting funds to 34 States or their political subdivisions, the Public Works Adminis tration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total construction cost. The recipient finances the remaining 70 percent. The additional financing is sometimes obtained as a loan from th e Public Works Administration; for other work the loan is procured from outside sources. When a loan is made by the Public W orks Administration, interest is charged and a time is specified during which the loan m ust be repaid in full. No grants are made to commercial firms. F o r the most part com mercial allotments have been made to railroads. Railroad work financed by Public Works Administration loans falls under three headings: F irst, construction work such as electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings, bridges, e tc .; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and passenger and freight cars in shops owned by the railroads; third, the building of locomotives and passenger and freight cars in commercial shops. Information concerning the first type of railroad work; i. e., con struction, is shown in table 15, page 33. Em ploym ent in car and locomotive shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and locomotive shops is shown in a separate table. (See table 17, p. 35.) Comparison by Geographic Divisions E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked in M ay 1935 on construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration fund is shown in table 16, by geographic division. Table 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Public Works Funds, May 1935 [Subject to revision] W a g e earners Geographical division Maxi mum Weekly number average employed1 u m b e r of Average A m o u n t of Nman-hours earnings p a y rolls worked per hour Value of material orders placed Federal projects All divisions2.................... 267,992 N e w E n g l a n d .................... M i d d l e Atlantic.................. East N o r t h Central.............. W e s t N o r t h Central.............. South Atlantic............. ...... East South Central_____ _________ W e s t South Central— ...... ...... M o u n t a i n ........................ Pacific........... -............... Outside continental United States. 12,302 27,766 24,333 48,207 46,716 32, 740 27,447 24,743 17,079 6,414 259,151 $15,979,325 25,543,409 $0.626 3 $22,259,559 1,049,221 1,975,877 1,280,192 1,773,709 3,086,230 1,945,028 962, 604 2,024,918 1,567,263 291,058 1,440,737 2,887,759 1,894,767 3,242,319 5, 016,163 3,424,920 2,110,510 2,968,846 1,921,670 598,235 .728 .684 .676 .547 .615 .568 .456 .682 .816 .487 897,442 1,543,806 670,535 1,125, 653 2,083,501 1,148,976 301, 730 1,704,584 1,037,048 447,146 12,003 26,925 23,296 46,647 44,871 32.230 26,838 24,098 16,336 5,665 1 M a x i m u m n u m b e r e m p l o y e d during a n y 1 w e e k of the m o n t h b y each contractor a n d G o v e r n m e n t agency doing force-account work. Includes weekl y average for public-road projects. 2 Includes data for 245 w a g e earners w h i c h cannot be charged to a n y specific geographic division. 3 Includes $11,300,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public-road projects w h i c h cannot be charged to a n y specific geographic division. 35 Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Public Works Funds, M a y 1935— Continued W a g e earners Geographical division Maxi mum number employed Weekly average A m o u n t of N u m b e r of Average p a y rolls man-hours earnings worked per hour Value of material orders placed Non-Federal projects All divisions_____________________ 114,887 95,929 $7,456,486 9,698,612 $0. 769 $13,960,829 N e w E n g l a n d ____________________ M i d d l e Atlantic__________________ East N o r t h Central...... ....... W e s t N o r t h Central____________ South Atlantic___________________ East South Central______________ W e s t South Central_______ ______ M o u n t a i n ________________________ Pacific____ ________ _____________ Outside continental United States. 13,028 24,633 16.490 13,448 20,107 4,885 9,206 2,090 10,190 891 10,869 20,435 13, 705 11,303 17,354 3,967 7,101 1,687 8,759 749 852,240 1,932,390 1,082,196 791,346 1,397,888 224,963 380,568 130,416 620,378 44,101 1,097,792 2,164,895 1,302,125 1,049,722 2,175,646 363,179 619,311 159,552 698,990 67,400 .776 .893 .831 .754 .643 .619 .615 .817 .888 .654 1,455,042 4,669,490 1, 564,326 1,731,311 1,351,764 629,435 1,080,527 461,832 930,960 85,642 There was a pick-up in employment during the month in all nine geographic divisions. The most pronounced gain occurred in the Middle A tlantic States. Considering Federal and non-Federal proj ects as a whole, more employees are shown in the South Atlantic States than in any other geographic division. Hourly earnings on Federal projects were highest in the Pacific S tates; on non-Federal projects, in the Middle A tlanitc States. The lowest on both types of projects was shown in the W est South Central States. Table 17 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during M ay 1935 in railway car and locomotive shops on projects financed from the Public W orks Administration fund, by geographic divisions. Table 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway Car and Locomotive Shops on Work Financed from Public Works Funds, May 1935 [Subject to revision] W a g e earners Geographic division Total, railroad a n d commercial shops......................... Maximum Semi monthly number e m p l o y e d 1 average 11,996 (*) A m o u n t of N u m b e r of Average earnings p a y rolls man-hours worked per hour $1,054,276 1,521,143 Value of material orders placed $0,693 $319,452 Railroad shops All divisions.................... 4,790 4,553 $290,971 393,322 $0.740 $319,452 N e w E n g l a n d ................... M i d d l e Atlantic..... ........... East N o r t h Central....... ..... W e s t N o r t h Central............ South Atlantic..... ........... . M o u n t a i n ....................... Pacific.......................... 488 2,958 120 488 2,721 37 144 214 98,753 242,873 5,883 32,322 514 4,285 8,692 .724 .749 37 144 214 71.516 181,980 4,120 24,062 361 2,950 5,982 20,180 44,109 41,786 119,173 41,971 21,959 30,274 829 120 829 * M a x i m u m n u m b e r e m p l o y e d during either sem imo nth ly period b y each shop. 2 D a t a not available. .700 .744 .702 .688 .688 36 Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway Car and Locomotive Shops on Work Financed from Public Works Funds, M a y 1935— Continued W a g e earners Geographic division Maximum number em plo y e d Semi monthly average N u m b e r of Average A m o u n t of earnings p a y rolls man-hours worked per hour Value of material orders placed Co mme rci al shops All divisions.................... 7,206 (2) $763,305 1,127,821 $0.677 (2) N e w E n g l a n d ------------------M i d d l e Atlantic................. East No r t h Central............. W e s t N o r t h Central............. 35 6,262 278 631 (2) (2) (2) (2) 3,535 668,717 30,936 60,117 6,042 965,062 43,990 112,727 .585 .693 .703 .533 (2) (2) (2) (2) * D a t a not available. Compared with the previous month there was a decrease of more than 2,000 in the number of workers engaged in building and repair ing locomotives and passenger and freight cars. Monthly Trend E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects from the incep tion of the program in July 1933 to M ay 1935 is shown in table 18. Table 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to May 1935, Inclusive, on Projects Financed from Public Works Funds [Subject to revision] M o n t h a n d year Maximum n u m b e r of w a g e earn ers i N u m b e r of man-hours wo r k e d $432,959,898 723,162,263 267 4,719 39,535 146,747 255,512 300,758 26,433 131,937 1,784,996 6,353,835 11,552,547 13,091,587 35,217 206,990 3,296,162 12,029,751 21,759,245 24,391,546 .751 .637 .542 .528 .531 .537 ..2 02,‘ Io5 1,628,537 298,069 311,381 307,274 382,220 £06,056 610,752 644,729 602,360 549,624 507,886 470,467 382,594 12,646,241 14,348,094 14,113,247 18,785,405 25,942,387 33,808,429 34,845,461 35,126,409 31,688,655 29,289,216 28,791,297 22,443,944 23,409,908 26,544,346 25,501,446 32,937,649 46,052,698 59,873,309 60,736,768 59,911,341 51,652,890 46,632,214 46,454,108 34,955,156 .540 .541 .553 .570 .563 .565 .574 .586 .613 .628 .620 .642 24,206,352 25,269,537 3 69,763,559 3 68,526,223 3 50,468,427 3 60,797,939 3 53,377,997 3 53,282,956 3 50,685.634 3 50,234,495 54,228,457 3 45.683,081 304,723 272,273 281,461 333,045 394.875 18,462,677 16,896,475 17,400,798 20,939,741 24* 490,087 27,478,022 25,144,558 26,008,063 31,387,712 36,763,164 .672 .672 .669 .667 .667 3 30,746,857 29,264,484 27,276,566 31,645,166 3 36,726,840 July 1933 to M a y 1935, inclusive........ 1933 July................................... A u g u s t ................................ Se pte mbe r............. ............... October................................ N o v e m b e r ............................. D e c e m b e r ............................. 1934 J a n ua ry ............................... F ebr u a r y ..... ........... ........ ... M a r c h ................................. April.................................. M a y ................................... J u n e — ........... ..................... July ................................... A u g u s t ................................ S epte m b e r ............................. October......... ...................... N o v e m b e r ............................. D e c e m b e r ............................. 1935 J a n ua ry............................... F e b r u a r y .............................. M a r c h ................................. April............................ ..... M a y ................ .................. Value of material orders placed A m o u n t of p a y rolls Average earnings per hour $0.599 $837,640,684 2 23,351,150 24,568,577 25,702,750 1 M a x i m u m n u m b e r e m p l o y e d during a n y 1 w e e k of the m o n t h b y each contractor a n d G o v e r n m e n t agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects. 2 Includes orders placed for material for naval vessels prior to October 1933. 3 Includes orders placed b y railroads for n e w equipment. 37 W age earners have been paid approximately $433,000,000, for work a t the site of Public Works Administration construction projects. The hourly earnings of these men averaged 60 cents. During the 23-m onth period orders have been placed for materials amounting to over $837,000,000. Value of Material Orders Placed The value of materials for which orders have been placed from the beginning of the public works program to M ay 1935, by type of material, is shown in table 19. Table 19.—Value of Material Orders Placed for Public Works Projects, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T y p e of material All materials............ ............................................... Textiles a n d their products: Awnings, tents, canvas, etc......................................... Carpets and rugs....................................... ........... Cordage a n d twine................................................. Cotton goods....................................................... Felt goods.......................................................... Jute goods........................ ................................. L i n o l e u m ........................................................... Sacks a n d bags........... ...... .................................. Upholstering materials, not elsewhere classifieds.................... W a s t e . ......... ................................................... Forest products: C o r k products____ __________________ _______ ______________________ Creosote........ .... ............................. ................ L u m b e r a n d timber products, not elsewhere classified............... Planing-mill products....... ..... ................................. W i n d o w a n d door screens a n d weatherstrip....... ............... . Chemicals a n d allied products: A m m u n i t i o n a n d related products ........................... ...... Chemicals, miscellaneous......... ................................. C o m pre sse d a n d liquified gases ..................................... Explosives.......................................................... Paints a n d varnishes... ........................................... Stone, clay, a n d glass products: Asbestos products, not elsewhere classified......... ................ Brick, hollow tile, a n d other clay products........ ...... .......... C e m e n t . _______________________________ ______ _________ __________ Concrete products.................................................. Cr ush ed stone................................................ ..... Glass.............................................................. . L i m e ....................... ...................................... . Marble, granite, slate, a n d other stone products............. ....... Minerals a n d earths, g round or otherwise treated............. ..... S a n d a n d gravel................................................... . Tiling, floor a n d wall, a n d terrazzo.................................. Wa ll plaster, wall board, insulating board, a n d floor composition___ Iron a n d steel a n d their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, etc........................................... . Cast-iron pipe a n d fittings......................................... . Doors, shutters, a n d w i n d o w sash a n d frames, molding a n d trim (metal) . Firearms.......................................................... . Forgings, iron a n d steel............................................ . Hardware, miscellaneous... ...................................... . Heating a n d ventilating e q u i p m e n t ........... .................... . Nails a n d spikes .............. .................................... . Rail fastenings, excluding spikes........................ -......... Rails, steel........................................................ Springs, steal...................................................... F r o m begin ning of program to Apr. 15, 1935 During m o n t h end ing M a y 15, 1935 $800,913,844 $36,726,840 204,970 45, 111 233,065 86,288 168,981 57,824 70,483 21,112 117,442 24,676 978 854 7,854 10,190 846 2,684 24,059 834 5,221 795 80,606 538,367 38,024,878 4,577,770 84,667 18,871 515 1,765,081 289,406 446 802,367 258,087 243,200 3,299,873 1,806,791 26,965 7,567 10,947 267,963 109,336 66,027 10,433,985 105,238,197 15,470,906 29,203,762 723,413 171,740 12,977,740 102,969 50,020,720 1,763,318 2,109,890 782 855,718 4,523, 761 1,104,699 1,649,362 46,895 4,970 611,453 1,316 2,599,039 157,186 238,335 2,472,724 15,627,165 3,919,665 772,981 3,990,360 4,024,541 7,510,324 821,240 5,601,989 18,783,842 588,612 104,622 803,871 404,822 __ 135,300 313,852 761,731 38,048 38,881 168,514 1,744 38 Table 19.—Value of Material Orders Placed for Public Works Projects, by Type or Material and Industry Groups—Continued Value of material orders placed— T y p e of material Iron a n d steel a n d their products, not including machin ery — Continued. Steel wor ks a n d rolling mill products, not elsewhere classified..... __ Stoves a n d ranges, other than electric............................... Switches, railway................. ................................. Tools, other than mac hin e tools......... ........................... W i r e products, not elsewhere classified.............................. W r o u g h t pipe....................................................... Nonferrous metals a n d their products: A l u m i n u m manufactures........................................... C o p p e r products.................................................... L e a d products...................................................... Nonferrous-metal alloys a n d products, not elsewhere classified...... Sheet-metal w o r k ................................................... Zinc products....................................................... Machinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, a n d supplies...................... Elevators a n d elevator e q u i p m e n t .................................. Engines, turbines, tractors, a n d waterwheels— ..................... F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified....... M a c h i n e tools...................................................... Meters (gas, water, etc.) a n d gas generators... ........ -........... P u m p s a n d p u m p i n g e q u i p m e n t ........... ........................ Refrigerators a n d refrigerating a n d ice-making apparatus............ Transportation equipment, air, land, a n d water: Aircraft (new)...................................................... Airplane parts........... -......................................... Boats, steel a n d w o o d e n (small).................................... Carriages a n d w a g o n s .................... .......................... Locomotives, other than s t e a m ..................................... Locomotives, s t ea m................................................. Motorcycles a n d parts.............................................. M o t o r vehicles, passenger........................................... M o t o r vehicles, trucks.............................................. R a ilw ay cars, freight................................................ Rai l w a y cars, mail a n d express...................................... R a i l w a y cars, passenger............................................. Miscellaneous: Belting, miscellaneous.............................................. Coal................................................................ Electric wiring a n d fixtures...................... .................. . Furniture, including store a n d office fixtures........................ . Instruments, professional a n d scientific............................. . Mattresses a n d be d springs......................................... . M o d e l s a n d patterns................................................ . Pape r products.................. „................................ P aving materials a n d mixtures, not elsewhere classified............. . Petroleum products................ ................................. Photographic apparatus a n d materials.............................. . P l u m b i n g supplies, not elsewhere classified................... ....... R adi o apparatus a n d supplies....................................... . Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified.......................... . R u b b e r goods - ----------- - -___ S t e a m a n d other packing, pipe a n d boiler covering a n d gaskets...... . Theatrical scenery a n d stage e q u i p m e n t ............................ . W i n d o w shades a n d fixtures........................................ . Other materials..................................................... . During F r o m begin ning of m o n t h end program to ing M a y 15, Apr. 15, 1935 1935 $117,835,560 204,899 575,699 4,110,491 4,563,602 810,925 $5,208,490 495 244,717 542,183 188,337 1,201,261 2,307,349 53,013 4,848 29,005 12,962 28,274 68,434 1,930 39,710,347 692,019 9,137,338 83,571,943 5,011,382 322,783 9,167,233 612,232 1,145,697 176,068 1,362,005 3,677,222 146,186 27,283 685,218 13,756 182,583 169,667 114,881 5,755,768 5,080,571 1,287,235 29,038 11,813,333 6.837.064 274,395 487,245 8, 588,221 35,394,924 429,443 7,527,435 1,365,865 30,633 1,300,490 4,465,087 1,871,736 1.684.065 16,053 14,782 47,479 12,356,371 23, 755,639 159,116 7,866,376 667,726 2,446,180 370,778 711,757 39,205 84,889 35,514,829 83,157 554,356 194,783 18,166 17,130 5,627 4,586 589,574 1,361,279 284 502,935 58,390 254,322 28,268 85,963 2,165 1,797 1,193,375 799 i,933 813 2,680 37,590 187,000 Since the beginning of the program m anufacturers have benefited to the extent of nearly $840,000,000 by orders placed for construction materials. I t is estimated th at in fabricating these materials approxi m ately 2,750,000 man-months of labor have been or will be created. M aterials for which orders were placed during M ay will create approximately 120,000 man-months of labor. This accounts only for labor required in the fabrication of material in the form in which it is 39 to be used. In making brick, for example, only the labor employed in the manufacturing process is included. In fabricating steel rails only labor in the rolling mills is counted— not labor created in mining, smelting, and transporting the ore, nor labor in the blast furnaces, the open-hearth furnaces, nor the blooming mills. In obtaining information concerning man-months of labor created in fabricating materials, blanks are sent each firm receiving a m aterial order from the United States Government or from State governments or political subdivisions thereof, to be financed from the public works fund, asking them to estim ate the number of man-hours of labor created in their plant in manufacturing the material specified in their contract. F o r materials purchased directly by contractors, the Bureau estimates the man-months of labor created. This estimate is made by using the experience of the manufacturing plants as shown by the Census of M anufactures, 1933. E m erg en cy -W ork P rog ram D uring the week ending M ay 30 there were over 1,400,000 workers employed on the emergency-work program of the Federal Em ergency Relief Administration. This is a decrease of more than 300,000 in comparison with the number working during the week ending April 25. The number of employees and amounts of pay rolls for the emergency-work program for weeks ending April 25 and M ay 30 are shown in table 20. Table 20.—Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency Work Program, Weeks Ending April 25 and May 30, 1935 [Subject to revision] Geographic division N u m b e r of employees w e e k ending— M a y 30 April 25 A m o u n t of p a y roll w e e k ending— M a y 30 April 25 $15,951,399 All divisions.................................. Percentage change____________________________ 1,430,684 -17.83 1,741,196 $12, 731,631 -20.18 N e w E n g l a n d ................................ M i d d l e Atlantic.............................. East N o r t h Central.......................... W e s t N o r t h Central.......................... South Atlantic.... ........................... East South Central........................... W e s t South Central.......................... M o u n t a i n ____________________________________ Pacific......... ....................... ....... 151,660 203,000 176,340 224,155 198,373 133,199 167,954 43,046 132,957 162, 503 228,768 277,047 283,683 237,188 159,350 185,254 61,192 146,211 1,730,151 3,208,898 1,601,197 1,569,313 1,022, 754 648,210 949,381 402,738 1, 598,989 2,027,587 3,657, 037 2, 730,023 2,024,194 1,209,83a 804,604 1,047,768 608,242 1,842,106 During the month interval decreases in the number of workers were registered in all nine geographic divisions. Table 21 shows the number of employees and amounts of pay rolls on the Em ergency W ork Program , by months, from the beginning of the program through M ay 1935. 40 Table 31.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency Work Program, March 1934 to M a y 1935 N u m b e r of A m o u n t of employees pay roll Month 1934 M a r c h ........ April........ . M a y ........ . June.......... July..-....... . 22,934 1,176,818 1,362,764 1,504,908 1,725,517 1,924,173 1,950,227 1,996,716 2,159,145 2,325,753 A u g u s t ....... . September---October....... N o v e m b e r ____ December..... $342, 38,970, 42,711, 42,419, 47,367, 54,921, 50,290, 53,904, 62,849, Month N u m b e r of A m o u n t of employees pay roll 1935 January....... February----M a r c h ........ April i....... . M a y 2....... 2,472,091 2,459,717 2,401,581 2.308.S39 2,228,064 $71,685,663 63,906,282 62, 596,378 62,343, 804 64,559,740 1 Revised. Few er workers were employed on the Em ergency W ork Program during the month of M ay than in any month since November 1934. I t is estimated th a t there were approximately 2,200,000 people engaged on the Em ergency W ork Program during M ay. This does not mean, however, th a t during any given week this total was reached. Because of the fact th at a limit is placed on the earnings of employees, not more than 70 percent of this number are working at any one time. E m ergen cy C o n serv atio n W ork A g a i n of approximately 17,000 during M ay was reported in the number of men in Civilian Conservation Camps. All classes of employees, except educational advisers, shared the increase. P ay rolls for the month totaled over $17,700,000. Enrolled personnel drew nearly $10,500,000 of this amount. In addition to their pay, the enrolled men received free board, clothing, and medical attention. Em ploym ent and pay-roll statistics for each of the m ajor groups of workers engaged in Em ergency Conservation W ork for April and M ay 1935 are given in table 22. Table 22.—Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work, April 1935 and May 1935 N u m b e r of employees A m o u n t of pa y rolls G r oup May April May April All groups_________________________________ 385,192 368,537 $17,719,018 $16,401,114 Enrolled personnel......................... Reserve officers............................ Educational advisers1...................... Supervisory and technical2................. 335,606 9,054 1,428 3 39,104 325,790 6,687 1,451 < 34,609 10,480,938 2,269,625 237,349 3 4,731,106 10,174,422 1,669,062 241,550 <4,316,080 1 Included in executive service table. 2 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers. 3 34,963 employees and pa y roll of $4,408,840 included in executive service table. *32,993 employees and pa y roll of $4,186,302 included in executive service table. 41 The employment and pay-roll d ata for emergency conservation workers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the W ar D epartm ent, D epartm ent of Agriculture, Treasury Departm ent, and the D epartm ent of the Interior. The pay of the enrolled per sonnel is figured as follows: 5 percent are paid $45 per m onth; 8 percent, $36 per m onth; and the remaining 87 percent, $30 per month. The number of employees and amounts of pay rolls for each month, January 1934 to M ay 1935, inclusive, are shown in table 23. Table 23.—Monthly Totals of Employees and Pay Rolls in Emergency Con servation Work, January 1934 to May 1935 Month January.... F ebruary.. M a r c h ____ April..... M a y ..... J u n e ..... July______ A u g u s t --September. October___ November. December. N u m b e r of employees A m o u n t of p a y roll Month 331,594 $13,581,506 321,829 13,081,393 247,591 1 10,792,618 314,664 i 13,197,012 335,871 i 14,047,826 280,271 i 12,641,571 389,104 i 16,033,071 385,340 i 16,364,048 i 335,788 i 15,023,183 391,894 i 16,939,922 387,329 1 16,622,374 350,028 i 15,415,071 January....... F e b ruary...... M a r c h ....... . April......... . M a y ......... . 1935 N u m b e r of A m o u n t of employees p a y roll 398,717 i$16,762,027 373,847 i 16,320,151 294,952 14,187,741 368,537 16,401,114 385,192 17,719,018 More workers were employed in emergency conservation work dur ing M ay than during any month since January. Pay-roll disburse ments were the highest for any month since the program began. State R oad P rojects There was a gain of approximately 3,000 in the number of workers employed on State road construction during M ay. Em ploym ent on new projects of this type increased more than 15 percent but employ ment was virtually unchanged on maintenance work. Table 24 shows the number of workers employed in building and maintaining State roads during April and M ay 1935, by geographic divisions. 42 Table 24.—Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads by Geographic Division, April and May 1935 1 New Geographic division N u m b e r of e m b e r of e m A m o u n t of pay roll N u mployees A m o u n t of pay roll ployees May All divisions............. 27,924 Percentage change........ +15.4 N e w England............ Middle Atlantic......... East North Central...... W e s t North Central...... South Atlantic........... East South Central....... W e s t South Central...... M o u n t a in ............... Pacific................... Outside continental United States_________________ Maintenance 2,006 2,117 5,316 3,182 7,957 1,948 1,116 2,274 2,008 April May April2 May April May April2 24,193 $1,031,085 $890,007 135,541 135,484 $4,977,263 $4,611,069 +15.9 +7.9 (3) 1,008 1,510 3,631 2,563 7,702 1,553 2,004 1,383 2,839 109,966 136,150 208,058 99,519 149,379 56,972 41,0S7 100,300 129,644 53,996 85,797 159,692 87,317 153,018 41,455 68,685 81,421 158,626 9,009 42,159 17,297 13,147 25,820 6,784 10,155 5,295 5,680 5,903 35,199 23,263 12,291 26,377 11,329 9,870 5,152 5,966 472,917 1,074,012 662,037 467,537 810,153 239,767 454,782 358,166 421,853 322,250 931,956 709,330 441,807 759,588 232,576 468,452 328,497 407,401 195 134 16,039 9,212 i Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from public works fund, a Revised. 3 Less than M o of 1 per cent. Seven of the nine geographic divisions registered increases in the number of workers employed on new road construction, comparing M ay with April. The 163,000 employees engaged in building and maintaining State roads during M ay were paid over $6,000,000 for their month's work. The number of employees who were working at building and maintaining S tate roads during the period Janu ary 1934 to M ay 1935, inclusive, is given in table 25. Table 25.—Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads, January 1934 to May 1935 1 N u m b e r of employees working on— Total^pay Month 1934 January................................... February.................................. M a r c h .................................... April...................................... August.................................... September................................. October................................... N o v e m b e r ................................. December................................. 1935 January................................... February.................................. M a r c h .................................... April...................................... N e w roads Maintenance 25,345 22,311 19,985 21,510 27,161 37,642 45,478 53,540 61,865 71,008 66,106 41,919 136,440 126,904 132,144 136,038 167,274 170,879 168,428 180,270 188,323 169,235 159,451 134,680 161,785 149,215 152,129 157,548 194,435 208,521 213,906 233,810 250,188 240,243 225,557 176,599 $8,684,109 7,131,604 7,989,765 8,407,644 10,275,139 11,221,299 11,255,685 12,435,163 13,012,305 12,439,738 11,919,683 6,756,087 23,537 17,940 18,391 24,193 27,924 120,283 122,209 108,149 135,484 135,541 143,820 140,149 126,540 159,677 163,465 4,864,899 4,575,171 4,896,325 * 5,501,076 6,008,348 Total 1 Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from public works fund. 2 Revised. 43 M ore workers were employed by the State governments in building new roads and maintaining existing roads in M ay than in any previous month of the current year. Pay-roll disbursements were also higher in M ay than for any previous month of 1935. R e co n stru ctio n Fin an ce C orp o ration C o n stru ctio n P rojects R e c o n s t r u c t i o n Finance Corporation construction projects pro vided work for more than 10,500 men during the month of M ay. P ay rolls for the month totaled over $1,100,000. In table 26 are presented data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the R e construction Finance Corporation during M ay 1935, by type of project. Table 26.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, May 1935 [Subject to revision] T y p e of project Number of wage earners Amount of pay rolls Number of manhours worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed All projects____________________________ 10,506 $1,100,977 1,522,959 $0,723 $2,287,090 Bridges............................... Building construction__________________ Railroad construction__________________ Reclamation___________________________ Water and sewerage____________________ Miscellaneous__________________________ 2,676 378 108 982 5,155 1,207 272,836 27,137 4,409 43,027 618,278 135,290 306,901 29,487 8,538 108,813 852,204 217,016 .889 .920 .516 .395 .726 .623 1,198,108 24,016 422 34,802 990,211 39,531 There were increases in employment on 5 of the 6 types of con struction promoted by this program. The men earned 72 cents per hour during M ay, with building construction workers drawing 92 cents per hour, and workers on reclamation projects less than 40 cents. The number of employees, the amounts of pay rolls, and the number of man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation during M ay are shown in table 27 by geographic divisions. Table 27.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation, by Geographic Division, May 1935 [Subject to revision] Geographic division u m b e r of N u m b e r of A m o u n t of N pay rolls man-hours employees worked j1 Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed All divisions___________________________ 10,506 $1,100,977 1,522,959 $0,723 $2,287,090 Middle Atlantic_______________________ East North Central____________________ East South Central____________________ W e s t South Central____________________ Mo u ntain_____________________________ ________________________________ Pacific 612 439 78 113 982 8,282 44,508 38,528 1,295 15,043 43,027 958,576 53,059 36,474 2,130 15,986 108,813 1,306,497 .839 1.056 .608 .941 .395 .734 1,082,014 31,991 222 34,802 1,138,061 44 Construction financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation program is being carried on in six geographic divisions. In four of these, there were increases in employment, comparing M ay with April. There was a great variation in average earnings per hour. In the E a s t N orth Central States workers earned over $1.05 per hour, and in the M ountain States less than 40 cents. F o r the most p art, this range in hourly earnings was caused by the difference in the type of work under way. D ata concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked are shown in table 28 for the months, April 1934 to M ay 1935, inclusive, for construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Table 28.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation, April 1934 to May 1935 [Subject to revision] Month 1934 April................................. M a y .................................. N u m b e r of A m o u n t of N u m b e r of wage pay rolls man-hours earners worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed August............................... September............................ October............................... N o v e m b e r ____________________________ D e c ember............................. 18,731 19,429 19,022 17,475 17,221 16,809 17,482 16,502 14,321 $1,516,915 1,649,920 1,676,075 1,612,848 1,697,161 1,637,047 1,596,996 1,621,468 1,337,719 2,308,580 2,358,966 2,314,136 2,141,945 2,282,181 2,203,881 2,181,846 2,233,928 1,859,226 $0,657 .699 .724 .753 .744 .743 .732 .726 .720 $2,357,408 2,143,864 2,230,065 2,402,174 2,384,887 2,579,969 2,274,174 2,856,371 2,440,620 1935 January. .............................. February.............................. M a r c h ................................ April................................. M a y .................................. 11,180 10,373 9,586 10,300 10,506 1,054,708 1,048,593 890,333 1,007,424 1,100,977 1,484,190 1,457,662 1,253,493 1,389,072 1,522,959 .711 .719 .710 .725 .723 3,966,718 5,028,547 1,072,886 2,517,175 2,287,090 The value of materials for which orders have been placed since M arch 15, 1934, by contractors working on Reconstruction Finance Corporation construction projects is shown, by type of material, in table 29. 45 Table 29.—Value of Material Orders Placed for Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, by Type of Material Value of material orders placed— T y p e of material All materials............................................................. Textiles a n d their products: Cordage a n d twine.................................................. Cotton goods........................................................ Felt goods............................... ......... ................. Forest products: L u m b e r a n d timber products, not elsewhere classified................ Chemicals a n d allied products: C o m pre sse d a n d liquefied gases........................ ............. Explosives........................................................... Paints a n d varnishes.................... ............................ Stone, clay, a n d glass products: Brick, hollow tile, a n d other clay products.......................... C e m e n t .............................................................. Concrete products................................................... C r ushed stone....................................................... Glass................................................................ L i m e ................................................................ Marble, granite, slate, a n d other stone products..................... S a n d a n d gravel..................................................... Iron a n d steel a n d their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers................................................. Cast-iron pipe a n d fittings........................................... Hardware, miscellaneous............................................ Heating a n d ventilating e q u i p m e n t .................................. Rails, steel.......................................................... Steel work, a n d rolling-mill products................................ Tools, other than m a c hin e tools..................................... W i r e products, not elsewhere classified.............................. . Nonferrous metals a n d their products: C o p p e r products.......... ......................................... . Sheet-metal w o r k ................................................... . Machinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, a n d supplies...................... . F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified....... . P u m p s a n d p u m p i n g e q u i p m e n t .................................... . Tr a n s p ortation equipment: M o t o r vehicles, passenger a n d truck................................ . Miscellaneous: Asphalt a n d paving materials a n d mixtures, not elsewhere classified.. Coal................................................................. Petroleum products................................................ . P l u m b i n g supplies, not elsewhere classified......................... . Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified. ......................... . R u b b e r goods...................................................... . S t e a m a n d other packing, pipe a n d boiler covering, a n d gaskets..... . Other materials...................................................... F r o m Mar. 15, 1934, to Apr. 15,1935 During period Apr. 15 to M a y 15,1935 $34,254,858 $2,287,090 6,819 54,697 4,447 4,319 1,332,710 38,084 51,959 1,046,895 30,060 5,826 52,043 349,527 1,577,306 1,567,942 37,477 3.157 8,850 104,539 470,561 4,969 242,997 125,652 5,130 9,115 402,352 578,578 69,619 32,475 18,131,647 88,110 271,402 11,272 4,694 13,106 83,164 1,465 6,547 1,294,419 3,671 1,699 1,958,247 76,351 5,187 971,829 2,641,757 12,844 36,323 217,575 134,064 31,453 52,689 466,326 241,761 4,516 41,229 67,437 1,324, 111 47,028 4,302 77,6i8 Over the 14-month period, m aterials have been ordered to cost more than $36,500,000. M ore than 50 percent of th is has been for steel-works and rolling-mill products. Other types of products ac counting for an expenditure of over $1,000,000 are foundry and machine-shop products; cem ent; concrete p rod u cts; copper; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies; explosives; and lumber and timber products. 46 Construction. P rojects Financed fro m R e g u lar G o v ern m en tal A ppropriations M ore than 23,000 workers were employed during M ay a t the site of construction projects financed by appropriations made by the Congress direct to the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. This is an increase of approximately 1,000 in comparison with the previous m onth. Disbursements for pay rolls during the month totaled nearly $1,600,000. Whenever a construction contract is awarded or force-account work is started by a departm ent or unit of the Federal Government, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified on forms sup plied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the am ount of the con tract, and the type of work to be done. Blanks are then mailed to the contractor or to the Government agency doing force-account work, who returns the report to the Bureau showing the number of men on the pay rolls, the amounts disbursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the job, and the value of the different types of materials for which orders have been placed during the month. The following tables show data concerning such construction work on which work has started since Ju ly 1, 1934. The Bureau has no information covering projects which were under way previous to th at date. In table 30 data are shown for the m onth of M ay concerning em ployment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects started since Ju ly 1, 1934, which are financed from direct appropria tions made by the various Federal departm ents and agencies, by type of project. Table 30.—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project [Subject to revision] W a g e earners T y p e of project Maxi mum number em ployed 1 All projects.......................... 2 23,057 Building construction................. Naval vessels........................ Public roads s....................... . Reclamation......................... River, harbor, and flood control....... Streets and roads..................... Water and sewerage— ................. Miscellaneous........................ 6,857 4,271 (0 17 5,565 1,640 107 1,207 Wee k l y average Amount of pay rolls Number of manhours worked 20,873 $1,599,937 2,370,925 5,608 4,090 3,393 15 5,272 1,392 87 1,016 381,754 498,621 194,218 762 400,671 63,889 7,080 52,942 516,287 595,565 302,715 729 722,974 134,338 9,766 88,551 Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed $0.675 $2,704,333 .739 .837 .642 1.045 .554 .476 .725 .598 555,522 1,022,394 610,946 1,865 303,044 94,160 2,308 114,094 1 M a x i m u m n u m b e r employed during any 1 week of the m o n t h b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2Includes weekly average for public roads. 3 Estimated b y Bureau of Public Roads. *No t available; average n u m b e r included in total. 47 During the m onth there were gains in employment on all types of construction projects except river, harbor, flood control, and water and sewerage work. Earnings per hour during M ay averaged 6 7 K cents as compared with 62 % cents during the previous month. Table 31 gives by geographic divisions for the month of M ay, infor mation concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects started since Ju ly 1, which are financed from regular governmental appropriations. Table 31 •—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Geographic Division [Subject to revision] W a g e eairners Geographic division M a x i m u m Weekly aver nu m b e r e m pl o y e d 1 age All divisions........................ 23,057 N e w England....................... Middle Atlantic..................... East North Central.................. W e s t North Central................. South Atlantic...................... East South Central.................. W e s t South Central................. Mountain........................... Pacific. ............................. Outside continental United States..... 1,872 3,122 2,227 1,854 5,716 1,295 2,710 1,783 1,860 618 Amount of pay rolls 20,873 $1,599,937 1,762 2,827 1,972 1,708 5,140 1,031 2,414 1,687 1,743 589 179,561 255,743 116,901 85,347 448,789 65,736 160,668 105,927 152,106 29,159 Aver age N u m b e r of earn man-hours ings worked per hour Value of material orders placed 2,370,925 $0.675 2$2,704,333 219,626 317,041 163,178 153,924 651,141 130,587 308,010 168,293 208,309 50,816 .818 .807 .716 .554 .689 .503 .522 .629 .730 .574 450,084 418,466 132,243 108,524 493,075 81,65S 163,279 41,052 195,798 9,213 » M a x i m u m n u m b e r employed during any 1 week of the m o n t h b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes $610,946 estimated value of orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be charged to a ny specific geographic division. Gains in employment were registered in 7 of the 9 geographic divi sions. During M ay construction was started on a number of large projects: for example, work began on the parcel-post building in D etroit, M ich., and on the H am burg-Palm etto Levee, L a. Earnings per hour ranged from an average of 50 cents in the E a s t South Central States to an average of 82 cents in the New England States. The monthly trend of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations from August 1934 to M ay 1935, inclusive, is shown in table 32. 48 Table 32.—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, August 1934 to May 1935 [Subject to revision] Number of wage earners Month u m b e r of A m o u n t of Nman-hours pay rolls worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed 1934 August................................ September............................. October............................... N o v e m b e r ............................. December............................. 5,601 9,800 13,593 18,211 16,276 $329,440 493,363 689,604 1,014,945 859,998 557,747 773,685 1,103,523 1,690,488 1,468,741 $0,591 .638 .625 .600 .586 $150,506 842,292 982,835 3,334,648 1,966,441 1935 January............................... February.............................. M a rc h _ _ „ _ ...... ........... April.... ........ ..... ............... M a y ...... .............. ..... ....... 12,784 13,106 14,659 22,270 23,057 669,199 704,190 862,886 i 1,389,583 1,599,937 1,062,118 1,102,864 1,359,043 1 2,210,893 2,370,925 .630 .639 .635 1.629 .675 3,163,946 1,962,087 2,709,912 12,562,404 2,704,333 i Revised. From this table it will be noted th at employment on construction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations in M ay was higher than in any month previous of 1935. Table 33 shows for the period, Ju ly 1, 1934, to M ay 15, 1935, the value of materials for which orders have been placed for use on con struction projects financed from direct governmental appropriations, by type of material. Table 33.—Value of Material Orders Placed for Use in Construction Projects Financed From Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T y p e of material All materials...... .... ................. .... ......... ......... ...... Textile and their products: Cordage and twine______ ___________________________ _____ _________ Forest products: L u m b e r and timber products, not elsewhere classified________________ Planing-mill products______________________________________________ Chemicals and allied products: Explosives... ..... ....... ...... .............. ..... ............. Paints and varnishes_________________ _______________ _____________ Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products___________________________ Ceme n t and lime_________________________________ ____ — ......... Concrete products______________________________ ____ ______________ Crushed stone_____________________________________________________ Glass__ ____ _______________ ___ ____ ______________________________ Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products______________________ Sand and gravel___________________________________________________ Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo............ ............... ...... Wall plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor composition...... F r o m July 1934 to Apr. 15, 1935 $17,524,567 During period Apr. 15 to M a y 1935 $2,704,333 9,582 967,380 79,408 110,912 19.264 21,402 120,188 9,084 21.264 125,907 569,490 112,043 157,354 16,105 315,307 310,847 10,715 72,639 53,423 257,981 15,007 76,584 1,765 46,990 151,845 6,450 5,821 49 Table 33.—Value of Material Orders Placed for Use on Construction Projects Financed From Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Material and Industry Groups—Continued Value of material orders placed— T y p e of material Iron a n d steel a n d their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, etc.............................................. Cast-iron pipe a n d fittings......... ................. ................. Doors, shutters, a n d w i n d o w sash a n d frames, molding a n d trim (metal) Forgings, iron a n d steel.... ............ .................. ........... Hardware, m i s c e l l a n e o u s ____ _______________ _______________________ Heating a n d ventilating equipmen t- .................................. . Nails a n d spikes............... ........................................ Rails, steel................. .... ..................................... . Steel-works a n d rolling-mill products, not elsewhere classified.......... Structural a n d reinforcing steel....... ....... .................... .... Tools, other than m a c hin e tools...... .................................. W i r e products, not elsewhere classified.... ............ ................ Nonferrous metals a n d their products: Co p p e r products............. .......................................... Sheet-metal w o r k .............. ............... ....................... Machinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus a n d supplies..................... .... Elevators, a n d elevator e q u i p m e n t ............ ....... ............... . Engines, turbines, tractors, a n d water wheels......................... . F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified......... . M a c h i n e tools. _................. ......... ............................ P u m p s a n d p u m p i n g e q u i p m e n t ____________ ________ __________________ Refrigerators a n d refrigerating a n d ice-making apparatus.... ........... Transportation equipment: M o t o r vehicles, passenger a n d trucks.................. ................ Miscellaneous: Coal..................... ...... ............. ......................... Electric wiring a n d fixtures___ ________________ ________________________ Paving materials a n d mixtures, not elsewhere classified............... . Petroleum products.... ..............-................................ P l u m b i n g supplies, not elsewhere classified............................. Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified. ............................. R u b b e r goods......................................................... . Other materials.................... ........... ....................... F r o m July 1934 to Apr. 15, 1935 During period Apr. 15 to M a y 1935 $38,751 57, 343 156,873 435,108 111,462 267,827 17,265 6,114 1,833, 748 3,489,492 28,751 140,831 $5,131 10,126 24,920 15,803 16,915 24,652 1,253 1,100 299,872 454,410 7,393 21,596 62,391 88,902 8,851 9,870 1,179,113 97,517 2,440,759 1,494,420 26,168 650,221 36,143 121,422 21,063 178,361 254,739 1,497 18,659 3,102 9,838 184,141 200,630 70,528 554,899 171,861 92,470 1,231 691,403 20,834 32,927 48,809 156,672 30,180 12,715 __ 125,071 Wage-Rate Changes in American Industry M an u factu rin g Industries In f o r m a t i o n concerning general wage-rate changes occurring between April 15 and M ay 15, 1935, based on data supplied by 23,516 manufacturing establishments employing 3,763,238 workers in M ay is given in table 34. One hundred establishments in 29 industries reported increases in rates of pay which averaged 7.2 percent and affected 24,566 workers. In the engine-turbine-tractor industry 6,591 employees were reported as having received increases averaging 6.8 percent. Average increases of 8.2 and 6 percent, respectively, were given to 4,089 employees in the pottery industry and 2,256 wage earners in the automobile in dustry. Other industries in which wage-rate increases affecting more than 1,000 workers were reported were: foundries (1,886), blast furnaces (1,802), electrical machinery (1,305), chemicals (1,231), sawmills (1,142), and woolen and worsted goods (1,138). 50 Table 34.— Wage-Rate Changes in Manufacturing Industries During Month Ending M a y 15, 1935 N u m b e r of establish ments reporting— Industry Estab Total lish ments nu m b e r report of e m ployees ing All manufacturing industries___ Percent of total............ 23,516 3,763,238 100.0 100.0 23,416 99.6 294,275 289 Iron a n d steel a n d their prod ucts, not including machinery: Blast furnaces, steel works, a n d rolling mills.......... Bolts, nuts, washers, a n d rivets. ................... Cast-iron pipe............. Cutlery (not including silver a n d plated cutlery) a n d edge tools................ Forgings, iron a n d steel.... H a r d w a r e .................. P l u m b e r s ’supplies........ S t e a m a n d hot-water heat ing apparatus a n d steam fittings................... Stoves..................... Structural a n d ornamental meta lwo rk ...... ......... T i n cans a n d other tinware.. Tools (not including edge tools, mac h i n e tools, files, a n d saws)................ W i r e w o r k .................. Machinery, not including trans portation equipment: Agricultural implements___ Ca s h registers, adding m a chines, a n d calculating ma chines................ Electrical machinery, a p p a ratus, a n d supplies....... Engines, turbines, tractors, a n d water wheels........ F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop products................. M a c h i n e tools.............. Radios a n d phonographs___ Textile machinery a n d parts. Typewriters a n d parts...... Transportation equipment: Aircraft............. ....... Automobiles_______________ Cars, electric- a n d steam-rail. Locomotives_______________ Shipbuilding....... ....... Railroad repair shops: Electric railroad...... ..... S t e a m railroad..... ........ Nonferous metals a n d their products: A l u m i n u m manufactures... Brass, bronze, a n d copper products_________________ Clocks a n d watches a n d time-recording devices___ Jewelry____________________ Lighting e q u i p m e n t ....... Silverwate a n d plated ware. Smelting a n d refining— cop per, lead, an d zinc....... S t a m p e d and enameled ware ____ _____ ___________ L u m b e r a n d allied products: Furniture__________________ Lumber: Millwork____________ Sawmills......... . Turpentine a n d rosin____ 291 N u m b e r of employees having— No Wage- Wage- N o wage- Wage- Wagerate in- rate de rate rate rate in- rate de- changes creases changes 8,547 9,001 100 .4 3,738,672 99.3 24,566 .7 292,473 1,802 8,547 9,001 105 76 102 81 8,870 7,079 32,933 13,644 105 76 101 81 8,870 7,079 32,848 13,644 76 211 18,441 27,143 75 209 17,818 27,056 272 95 20,230 18,501 270 95 20,028 18,501 202 106 94 7,489 10,201 106 93 7,489 10,089 112 80 25,917 80 25,917 27 87 11,902 27 11,902 393 129,648 89 43,277 85 1,565 173 49 154 13 147,891 24,525 28,523 16,275 10,403 1,547 171 49 154 13 146,005 24,332 28,523 16,275 10,403 29 334 61 11 105 6,076 381,405 20,882 4,130 35,958 29 333 61 11 105 6,076 379,149 20,882 4,130 35,958 378 515 20,383 79,324 373 515 20,679 79,324 128,343 1,305 6,591 33 7,421 33 7, 421 272 42,923 272 42,923 27 192 68 42 11,851 8,714 3,743 9,368 27 192 68 42 11,851 8,714 3,743 35 85 18,392 35 18,392 21, 736 183 21, 736 1,886 193 2,256 304 565 55,942 564 55,902 40 499 573 20,839 78,058 2,492 497 565 26 20,814 76,916 2,492 25 1,142 51 Table 34.— Wage-Rate Changes in Manufacturing Industries During Month Ending M a y 15, 1935— Continued Industry Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, tile, and terra cotta.. C e m e n t__________________ Glass____________________ Marble, granite, slate, and other products__________ Pottery__________________ Textiles and their products: Fabrics: Carpets and rugs______ Cotton goods__________ Cotton small wares____ Dyeing and finishing textiles____ ________ Hats, fur-felt__________ Knit goods----------Silk and rayon goods.— . Woolen and worsted goods_______________ Wearing apparel: Clothing, m e n ’ s....... Clothing, w o m e n ’ s.... Corsets and allied gar ments.............. Men’ s furnishings..... Millinery............. Shirts and collars..... . Leather and its manufactures: Boots and shoes.......... Leather.................. F ood and kindred products: Baking.................. Beverages................ Butter................... Canning and preserving— Confectionery............ . Flour.................... Ice cream................ . Slaughtering and meat packing................. Sugar, beet.............. . Sugar refining, cane....... Tobacco manufactures: Chewing and smoking to bacco and snuff........ . Cigars and cigarettes..... . Paper and printing: Boxes, paper............. . Paper and pulp........... Printing and publishing: B o ok and job......... Newspapers and peri odicals............. . Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining: Other than petroleum re fining: Chemicals........... . Cottonseed— oil, cake, and meal............ Druggists’preparation.. Explosives........... . Fertilizers........... . Paints and varnishes.... R a y o n and allied prod ucts............... Soap................ . Petroleum refining....... . Rubber products: Rubber boots and shoes--Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes............. Rubber tires and inner tubes................... Estab Total lish ments n u m b e r report of e m ployees ing N u m b e r of establish ments reporting— N u m b e r of employees having— No Wage- Wage- N o wage- Wage- Wagewage- rate rate in- rate dein- rate derate rate changes changes 543 140 158 21,236 20,942 52,747 543 140 158 21,236 20,942 52,747 212 123 4,312 19,045 212 118 4,312 14,956 34 663 110 20,233 265,942 11,574 34 663 110 20,233 265,942 11,574 175 61 543 265 44,176 7,786 122,990 45,356 175 61 543 265 44,176 7,786 122,990 45,356 4,089 483 136,235 481 135,097 1,172 753 89,667 48,135 1,171 751 89,625 48,068 42 87 119 148 7,608 7,171 7,130 23,259 42 87 119 148 7,608 7,171 7,130 23,259 337 173 112,246 34,455 337 173 112,246 34,455 1,114 512 285 69,276 28,367 4,280 38,478 34,350 14,279 10,733 1,109 510 283 634 309 361 330 69,202 28,246 4,229 38,436 34,350 14,020 10,697 88,558 3,939 9,417 287 68 15 88,533 3,939 9,417 36 217 7,872 45,477 217 7,872 45,477 715 423 34,101 111,426 715 423 34,101 111, 426 1,278 54,733 1,267 54,442 291 621 55,470 614 55,023 447 150 31,913 148 30,682 1,231 28 332 626 2,666 7,258 3,539 13,480 22,620 63 28 332 2,666 7,258 3,539 13,480 22,620 27 105 203 45,246 14,459 27 105 45,246 14,459 58,608 12 17,292 12 17,292 187 32,974 187 32,974 41 55,830 41 55,830 1,138 74 121 51 42 259 25 52 Trade, Public Utility, Mining, and Service Industries T h e wage-rate changes reported by cooperating establishments in 16 trade, public utility, mining, and service industries between April 15 and M ay 15, 1935 are indicated by table 35. Seven electric railroad and m otor bus companies reported increases averaging 5.3 percent and affecting 1,604 employees. Eleven electric light and power establishments gave increases averaging 5.8 percent to 829 workers. Increases averaging 7.5 percent and 10.4 percent, respectively, were reported by 76 retail trade and 31 wholesale trade establishments. These raises benefited 557 workers in retail trade and 269 employees engaged in wholesale trade. Ten addi tional establishments in 4 other industries reported higher rates of pay to 708 workers. On the other hand, wage-rate decreases were reported by 15 establishments in 6 nonmanufacturing industries and affected a total of 609 employees. Table 35.—Wage-Rate Changes in Nonmanufacturing Industries During Month Ending May 15, 1935 Industrial group N u m b e r of establish m e n t s reporting— Estab lish. Total ments n u m b e r report of e m ing ployees Anthracite m i n i n g ............ 160 Percentage of total........ 100.0 Bituminous-coal mi ni n g ...... 1,401 Percentage of total........ 100.0 Metalliferous m i n i n g .......... 250 Percentage of total... .... 100.0 Quarrying a n d nonmetallic 1,094 m i nin g...................... 100.0 Percentage of total........ C r u d e petroleum producing--253 Percentage of total-------100.0 Telephone a n d telegraph...... 9,766 Percentage of total--------100.0 Electric light a n d p o wer a n d 2,764 manufactured ga,s____________ Percentage of total........ . 100.0 Electric-railroad a n d motor-bus 490 operation a n d maintenance... 100.0 Percentage of total......... Wholesale trade_______________ 16,742 100.0 Percentage of total........ . Retail trade................... 54,367 100.0 Percentage of total......... Hotels......... ........... ... 2,350 100.0 Percentage of total--------Laundries-.......... ......... 1,304 100.0 Percentage of total......... 731 D y e i n g a n d cleaning........... 100.0 Percentage of total......... B a n k s ......................... 3,015 100.0 Percentage of total......... 372 Brokerage______ ____ — _____ 100.0 Percentage of total......... 1,132 Insurance........... .......... Percentage of total....... . 100.0 No wage- W a g e - W a g e - N o w a g e W a g e - W a g e rate in rate de rate rate ia- rat3 darate changes creases creases changes creasds creasds 74,418 100.0 236,771 100.0 28,253 100.0 160 100.0 1,401 100.0 247 98.8 32,631 100.0 22,189 100.0 260,664 100.0 1,094 100.0 253 100.0 9,766 100.0 235,600 100.0 2,753 99.6 11 .4 234.771 99.6 829 .4 135,125 100.0 293,361 100.0 844,972 100.0 139,525 100.0 71,240 100.0 17,714 100.0 98,080 100.0 10,527 100.0 68,616 100.0 483 98.6 16,709 99.8 54,287 99.9 2,349 100.0 1,300 99.7 729 99.7 3,011 99.9 367 98.7 1,132 100.0 7 1.4 31 .2 76 .1 133,521 98.8 293,059 99.9 844,400 99.9 139, 500 100.0 70,692 99.2 17,698 99.9 97,750 99.7 10,414 98.9 68,646 100.0 1,604 1.2 269 .1 557 .1 i Less than H o of 1 percent. N u m b e r of employees having— O 74,418 100.0 236.771 100.0 28,016 99.2 3 1.2 237 32,631 100.0 22,189 100.0 260,664 100.0 <0 0) 1 0) 5 1.3 130 .2 16 .1 325 .3 33 0) 0) 15 25 0) 418 .6 5 (0 113 1.1
@FedFRASER