Full text of Employment and Payrolls : March 1934
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Serial No. R. 103 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS ISADOR LUBIN, Commissioner TREND OF EMPLOYMENT MARCH 1934 By Industries: Page 1-15 Manufacturing Industries......................................... Nonmanufacturing Industries.................................... 15-19 Anthracite and Bituminous Coal Mining Metalliferous Mining Quarrying and Nonmetallic Mining Crude Petroleum Producing Public Utilities: Telephone and Telegraph Power and Light Electric Railroads Wholesale and Retail Trade Hotels Laundries Dyeing and Cleaning Banks, Brokerage, Insurance, and Real Estate Building C o n stru ctio n ..............................................19-22 Public Works P r o je c t s .................................... .... . 37-45 Public Roads................................................................45-46 Federal S ervice...........................................................31-33 Class I Steam Railroads............................................. 33 By States.............................................................................23-30 By C ities............................................. 31 Wage Changes................................................................... 34-37 Prepared by Division of Employment Statistics LEWIS E. TALBERT, Chief UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1934 TREND OF EMPLOYMENT March 1934 HE Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor presents herewith data compiled from payroll reports supplied by representative establishments in 90 of the principal manufacturing industries of the country and 15 nonmanufacturing industries, covering the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Additional information is presented concerning employment on public-works projects, public roads, the Federal service, and class I steam railroads. T Employment in Manufacturing Industries in March 1934 ACTO R Y employment and pay rolls continued to expand in March, employment increasing 4 percent over the month interval and pay rolls increasing 6.9 percent. The Bureau’s index of factory employment in March 1934 (80.8) reached the highest point recorded since December 1930, and the index of factory pay rolls (64.8) is the highest recorded since August 1931. Increases in employment between February and March have been shown in 12 of the preceding 15 years for which data are avail able. An increase in employment therefore at this time is not unex pected but in no previous year has the March gain been as pronounced as the increase registered this year. Pay rolls also normally increase in March as compared with February. In only one year (1920), however, has the March increase in pay rolls exceeded the gain shown in the current report. A comparison of the index of factory employment in March 1934 with that of March 1933 (58.8) when, because of the closing of the banks, business activity was at an exceptionally low level, shows that employment in March 1934 was 37.4 percent above the level of March 1933, while a similar comparison with the March 1933 pay-roll index (37.1) shows a gain of 74.7 percent in the amount paid out in weekly factory wages. The Bureau’s index numbers of employment and pay roll in manu facturing industries has recently been adjusted to conform to the trends of employment and pay rolls as shown in Biennial Census of Manufactures reports over the period 1919-31 and the index base F (1) 2 has been shifted from the year 1926 to the average for the 3-year period 1923-25. A discussion of this revision appears under a chapter in this issue entitled, “ Index Numbers of Employment and Pay-Roll Totals in Manufacturing Industries.” Increases in both employment and pay roll over the month interval were reported in each of the 14 major groups of manufacturing in dustries. The increases in employment in these groups ranged from 10.3 percent in the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n g r o u p to 0.6 percent in the p a p e r a n d p r in t in g g r o u p . The pay-roll increases in most instances ex ceeded the increases reported in employment. The sharp increase in employment in the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n g r o u p (10.3 percent) was re flected in pronounced gains in the automobile and locomotive indus tries, a number of the reporting firms in the latter industry having received orders through P.W.A. fund allotments. Substantial gains were also reported in the electric- and steam-car-building industry and the shipbuilding industry. The remaining industry surveyed under this group classification (aircraft) reported a decrease of 3.6 percent between February and March. Employment in the n o n f e r r o u s m e t a l s g r o u p increased 5.9 percent between February and March and pay rolls increased 8.8 percent. The gains in employment in this group ranged from 9.7 percent in the stamped and enameled ware industry to 0.2 percent in the smelting and refining industry. The clock and watch, the jewelry, and the brass, bronze, and copper products industries each reported gains of over 7 percent in employ ment. The m a c h i n e r y g r o u p showed gains of 5.3 percent in employ ment and 7.7 percent in pay roll, each of the 9 industries comprising this group reporting increased employment and pay roll over the month interval. The most pronounced percentage gains in employ ment were in the typewriter (7.5 percent), foundry and machineshops (6.5 percent), and radio and phonograph (5.7 percent), indus tries. The gains in the machine-tool and agricultural-impiement industries indicated a continuation of orders for machinery and farm equipment, and continued the expansion in employment which began in these two industries in May and June, respectively, of last year. The i r o n a n d s t e e l g r o u p showed an increase of 5.1 percent in em ployment and 12.3 percent in pay rolls, each of the 13 industries in this group reporting increased employment. Gains in employment of 10.9 percent each were reported in the stove and the iron and steel forgings industries, while other large gains were reported in the hard ware (9.3 percent), cutlery and edge tools (7.8 percent), and tin cans and other tinware (7.3 percent), industries. The iron and steel in dustry reported a gain of 4.2 percent in employment coupled with an increase of 13.4 percent in pay roll, reflecting the improvement in steel plant operation. The s t o n e - c l a y - g l a s s p r o d u c t s g r o u p re ported gains of 4.6 percent in employment and 4.2 percent in pay rolls. 3 Four of the five industries in this group (brick, cement, glass, and marble-slate-granite) are closely allied with the building-construction* industry and normally show increased activity at this season of the year following a curtailment caused by severe winter-weather condi tions. The increases in employment in each instance were substan tial, ranging from 3.4 percent in the cement industry to 6.7 percent in the marble-slate-granite industry. Employment in the r u b b e r p r o d u c t s g r o u p increased 4.1 percent and pay rolls increased 8.6 percent between February and March, the increases being due largely to the gains of 4.7 percent in employment and 9.4 percent in pay rolls in the rubber-tire and inner-tube industry. The r a i l r o a d r e p a i r s h o p g r o u p reported a gain of 3.9 percent in employment and the t o b a c c o g r o u p showed an increase of 3.7 percent in employment over the month interval. Employment in the t e x t i l e g r o u p in creased 3.3 percent between February and March and pay rolls in creased 6 percent over the month interval. Each of the wearingapparel industries surveyed reported increased employment and pay rolls, the women’s clothing industry reporting a gain of 9.7 percent in employment and the men’s clothing industry a gain of 3.7 percent. In the fabrics division of the textile group, gains were reported in six of the eight industries surveyed. Two of the major industries in the fabrics group (cotton and knit goods) reported increases of 3.2 per cent and 4.9 percent, respectively, while the woolen- and worstedgoods industry reported a seasonal loss of 4.3 percent in employment over the month interval and the silk-goods industry reported a decline of 0.9 percent. The l u m b e r g r o u p showed gains of 3 percent in employment and 4.6 per cent in pay roll. Each of the four industries in this group registered gains in employment between February and March, the sawmill and millwork industries reporting increases of 4 percent each combined with larger.gains in pay-roll totals. The gains in employment in the four remaining manufacturing groups were as follows: l e a t h e r , 2.7 percent; f o o d , 2.4 percent; c h e m i c a l s , 2 percent; p a p e r a n d p r i n t i n g , 0.6 percent. Classifying the foregoing groups into “ durable-goods ” ajid “ nondurable-goods ” groups, the increases in factory employment and pay rolls over the month interval were more pronounced in the former group than in the latter. The Bureau’s classification of “ durablegoods” industries is composed of the iron and steel, machinery, nonferrous metals, transportation equipment, railroad repair shops, lum ber, and stone-clay-glass groups. The total of these combined groups shows an increase of 5.6 percent in employment from Febru ary to March coupled with an increase of 10.3 percent in pay rolls, while the total of the remaining groups of manufacturing industries which are classified as “ nondurable goods” shows gains of 2.7 per cent in employment and 4.2 percent in pay rolls. The durable-goods 4 group has been more greatly affected by the existing business condi tions than the nondurable-goods group. Employment in the durablegoods group in March 1934 was 33.1 percent below the level of 1929 and pay rolls have declined 51.4 percent over this same interval. In the nondurable-goods group, a similar comparison shows a decline of only 12.9 percent in employment coupled with a decrease of 27 per cent in pay rolls. The substantial gains in employment and pay rolls over the month interval in the durable-goods group are due partially to employment created by orders placed through P.W.A. funds. Comparing the level of employment and pay rolls in March 1934 with that of March 1933, gains are noted in 87 of the 90 manufactur ing industries surveyed, and increased pay rolls are shown in 88 industries. In 29 industries, employment increased more than 50 percent over the year interval; in 4 of these 29 industries the gains were 100 percent or greater. A yearly comparison of the pay-roll indexes shows that in practically all industries the increases in pay rolls were more pronounced than the gains in employment. In the automobile industry, pay rolls in March 1934 wTere 241.8 percent higher than in March 1933. In three additional industries (iron and steel forgings, machine tools, and typewriters and parts) the pay-roll indexes in March 1934, were over 200 percent above the level of March 1933 pay-roll indexes. In 24 additional industries, the increases in pay rolls over the year interval ranged from 100.7 percent to 170.4 percent. Per capita weekly earnings in manufacturing as a whole increased 2.9 percent over the month interval, 62 of the 90 manufacturing industries reporting increases from February to March. The per capita earnings shown in the following table must not be confused with full-time weekly rates of wages. They are per capita weekly earnings, computed by dividing the total amount of pay roll for the week by the total number of employees (part-time as well as full-time workers). Average hours worked per week in the 90 manufacturing industries combined showed an increase of 1.7 percent over the month interval and average hourly earnings were 0.4 percent above the level of the preceding month. 62 of the 90 industries reported increases in average hours worked per w^eek in March, compared with February, and 55 industries showed gains in average hourly earnings over the month interval. These averages are computed from man-hour data supplied by 14,160 establishments. As all reporting establishments do not furnish man-hour information, the Bureau’s figures on average hours worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily computed from data furnished by a smaller number of establishments than are covered in the monthly survey of manufacturing industries. Average hours worked per week and average hourly earnings are 5 presented for only those manufacturing industries in which informa tion covering at least 20 percent of the total employees in the industry are available. In table 1, which follows, are shown indexes of employment and pay roll (based on the 3-year average, 1923-25, as 100) in March 1934 for each of the 90 manufacturing industries surveyed, for the 14 major groups and 2 subgroups into which these industries are classified, and for manufacturing as a whole, together with percentages of change from February 1934 and March 1933. Per capita weekly earnings in March 1934 together with percentages of change from the previous month and from March of the previous year for each of the 90 manu facturing industries and for manufacturing as a whole are also pre sented in this table. Average hours worked per week in March 1934 and average hourly earnings, together with percentages of change from February 1934 and March 1933, are likewise presented for manu facturing as a whole and for 85 of the separate manufacturing indus tries surveyed. T 1 —E M P L O Y M E N T , W E E K L Y P A Y R O LLS , P E R C A P IT A W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S , A V E R A G E H O U R S W O R K E D P E R W E E K , A N D A V E R A G E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S IN M A N U FA C TU R IN G IN D U ST R IE S IN M A R C H 1934 A N D C O M P A R IS O N W IT H F E B R U A R Y 1934 A N D M A R C H 1933 able Industry A ll i n d u s t r ie s _________________________________ Pay roll Index, Percentage March change 1934 from— (3-year aver Febru March age, ary 1923-25 1933 1934 =100) Index, Percentage March change 1934 from— (3-year aver Febru March age, ary 1923-25 1933 1934 = 100) 80.8 + 4.0 Iron and steel and their products, not in + 5.1 cluding m achinery_________________ ________ 70.0 + 2 .2 Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets... __________ 80.1 + 1.4 Cast-iron p ip e .. ____________________________ 50.3 Cutlery (not including silver and plated + 7.8 cutlery), and edge tools_________ _________ 79.9 Forgings, iron and steel________ ____________ 61.8 +10.9 +9.3 Hardware________________ _______ ______ 80.6 + 4.2 Iron and steel_______________________________ 70.1 Plumbers’ supplies__________________________ + 4.8 57. 2 Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings_____________ _____ ________ _ 45.8 +• 9 S to v e s ________________________ ________ 83.7 +10.9 + 2 .2 Structural and ornamental m e ta lw o r k ..____ 53.9 + 7.3 85.4 Tin cans and other tinware__________________ Tools (not including edge tools, machine + 2.2 tools, files, and saws)_________ __________ 62.4 + 4 .0 W irework______ ._ ______________ ____ ___ 125.5 Machinery, not including transportation + 5.3 equipm ent_______________ ___________________ 76.8 Agricultural implements_____________________ + .5 75.9 Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu + 1.4 lating machines__________________ ________ 99.5 + 4.4 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. 61.8 Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels. + 4.7 65.8 Foundry and machine-shop products________ + 6.5 68.3 Machine to o ls ._. _______ _____ __ + 4.7 70.9 Radios and phonographs............ .......... ...... ... 187.6 + 5.7 Textile machinery and parts_________________ + 2.2 75.8 Typewriters and parts_______________________ + 7.5 97.8 Transportation equipment ____ . . . 93.4 +10.3 Aircraft_____________________________________ 334.6 - 3 .6 Autom obiles.............................................. _____ _ 108.4 +11.3 Per capita weekly earnings 1 Employment Average hours worked per week i Average hourly earnings * Percentage Percentage Percentage change change change from— Aver Aver from— Aver from— age in age in age in March March March 1934 Febru March 1934 Febru March 1934 Febru March ary ary ary 1933 1933 1933 1934 1934 1934 +27.2 36.3 + 1 .7 + 1.9 Cents 53.1 + 0 .4 +23.8 19.46 14. 50 + 5 .6 •+59. 9 - 4 .5 + .3 36.3 29.5 + 2.3 - 4 .2 +39.1 + .3 53.2 49.1 + 3 .7 + .4 +22.0 - 4 .1 +115. 0 +229. 5 +144. 7 +153. 4 +14.9 19.05 21.37 18. 92 20. 26 15.61 + .1 + 1 .3 + 6 .2 + 8 .8 + 3 .7 +44.5 +65.4 + 49.7 +66.4 + .7 37.7 37.6 36.4 34.2 30.2 + 2 .2 - .8 + 5 .8 + 7 .9 + 3.1 +43.9 +40.7 +25.5 +29.9 -1 7 .3 50.6 57.1 52.5 59.3 51.1 - 1 .6 + 2 .0 + .8 + .7 +1.4 +. 4 +10.7 +16.2 +30.6 +14.7 + 3.2 +18.0 + 4.7 +13.1 +56.5 +113. 5 +87.7 +41.3 19. 64 18. 91 18. 21 19. 35 + 2 .3 + 6 .4 + 2.5 + 5 .4 +29.7 +25.3 +40.6 +11.9 34.5 36.1 32.4 36.1 + 1 .8 + 6.2 + .3 + 8 .7 +9.9 +15.4 +15.7 - 4 .1 56.9 51.6 55.4 53.1 + .7 - 1 .7 - 4 .8 - 2 .2 +11.2 + 9.2 +18.1 +10.7 52.5 99.5 +8.1 + 7.6 +132. 3 +107. 3 19. 73 19.31 + 5 .8 + 3 .5 +47.0 +39.3 37.9 34.5 + 3 .8 + 6 .2 +20.0 +10.5 52.1 56.1 + 2 .6 - 1 .6 +23.8 +28.6 +63.1 +90.2 55.8 78.2 +7.7 + 3.4 +113. 0 +169. 7 19. 75 +49.6 +41.7 +79.8 +59.2 +130. 2 +109.4 +64.8 +96.4 +106. 6 +31.6 +119.0 72.8 43.8 41.3 49.9 57.4 101.5 61.6 81.3 84.5 288.1 98.1 + 1.4 +7.1 + 4.4 +10.0 + 5.9 + 5.2 + 1.7 +9.5 +17.4 - 5 .4 +19.2 +74.6 +71.8 +109. 6 +123.8 +222. 5 +111.9 +124. 8 +201.1 +204.0 +16.8 +241.8 +37.4 64.8 + 6.9 +74.7 $19.48 +49.6 +42.8 +92.7 51.3 59.4 26.1 +12.3 + 8.0 - 3 .2 +136.0 +128. 5 +93.3 +48.5 +100. 0 +63.2 +52.4 +14.4 57.2 48.1 64.6 52.2 30.1 +7.9 +12.3 +16.1 +13.4 +8.7 +20.8 +71.5 +33.4 +26.1 27.7 57.0 35.1 79.7 +58.4 +48.9 + 2 .9 + 3 .0 +41.7 38.1 + 2.1 +32.0 52.5 + 1 .0 +11.1 23. 89 19. 73 22. 29 20. 23 23. 98 17. 48 21. 26 20. 74 (2) + 2 .7 -.3 + 3.3 + 1 .2 -.5 -.5 + 1.9 +16.6 +20.7 +15.9 +41.6 +39.0 +1. 0 +36.3 +53.1 37.2 33.7 36.9 36.0 40.4 33.3 37.0 40.3 + .3 + 1.2 +• 3 + 3 .4 (3) + 4.1 - .5 + .5 +12.6 +25.3 +14.2 +31.2 +29.6 + 2 .2 +32.2 +34.4 64.8 57.9 60.4 56.4 59.2 51.5 61.2 51.3 -.2 (3) -.5 (3) + .9 - 3 .2 - .5 + 1 .2 + 6.3 +3. 5 + 6 .0 + 9.5 + 9.2 +29.5 +13.9 +13.5 24. 66 25. 70 - 1 .9 + 7 .0 -1 1 .3 +56.4 38.4 39.5 - 1 .8 -2 2 .6 + 5 .1 1 +37.2 66.1 65.1 + 1 .7 + 2 .0 +9.1 +17.5 z— n- Cars, electric and steam railroad...................... Locomotives________________________________ Shipbuilding___________________ ______ _____ R a ilroa d repair s h o p s _________________________ ; Electric railroad____ „ ______________________ | Steam railroad______________________________ N on ferrou s m eta ls a n d their p ro d u c ts ______ Aluminum manufactures___________________ irrass, bronze, and copper products__________ Clocks and watches and time-recording devices_______________ _____ ________ ____ _ Jewelry_____________________________________ Lighting equipment________ ____ ___________ Silverware and plated ware_________________ Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. Stamped and enameled ware............... ............. L u m b e r a n d allied p ro d u c ts ____ ______ ______ Furniture___________________________________ Lumber: M illwork______________ ______ __________ Sawmills_________________ _____ ________ Turpentine and rosin______ ______ __________ S ton e, cla y, a n d glass p ro d u c ts ______ ________ Brick, tile, and terra cotta___________________ Cement__ ___________ ______ _______________ Glass._______ ________ ______ _______ _______ Marble, granite, slate, and other products___ Pottery--------------------------------- ----------------------Textiles a n d th eir p r o d u c ts __________ ____ ___ F a b rics____ ______ _______ _____ ___________ Carpets and r u g s ........................... ............. Cotton g ood s................................................. Cotton small wares...... ................... ............. Dyeing and finishing textiles............ .......... Hats, fur-felt................................................. Knit goods................................. ......... ......... Silk and rayon goods........ ............................ Woolen and worsted goods.......................... W earin g ap p arel____ ______________________ Clothing, men’s______ ____ — ................... Clothing, women’s ........ ................................ Corsets and allied garments......................... M en’s furnishings......................................... M illin ery................. ............. ........................ Shirts and collars...... ............ ........................ L ea th er a n d its m a n u fa c t u r e s _______________ Boots and shoes.......................................... ......... Leather....... ..................... ............................... ...... 40.8 22.7 69.3 55.5 66.3 54.7 75.1 81.5 78.1 + 6.1 +16.6 + 5.0 4-3.9 + .7 + 4.2 +5.9 + 2.4 + 7.4 +82.1 +99.1 +43.8 4-9.7 - 1 .2 +10.7 +47.8 +31.9 +58.4 39.7 9.1 52.4 48.5 58.6 47.9 56.8 64.2 56.3 + 9 .0 +18.2 + 6 .9 + 6 .4 + 3 .8 + 6 .8 + 8.8 +5.1 + 9 .4 +124.3 +116. 7 +61.2 +27.3 + 3 .5 +30.5 +95.2 +57.4 +118. 2 20.34 19. 34 22.10 + 2 .7 + 1 .4 + 1 .9 +23.1 + 9 .4 +12.5 35.0 32.9 31.0 + 1 .2 + 1 .9 + 1 .3 + 6.4 - 4 .2 + .5 58.6, 58.8 70.2 + 1 .6 -.5 + .4 +12.3 + 1.1 +15.4 26.49 24. 28 + 3.1 + 2 .5 + 4 .5 +17.9 44.8 38.9 + 3 .0 + 2.1 + .6 +15.5 58.5 61.9 + 1 .0 + .3 + 3.4 + .8 18.89 19.97 + 2 .6 + 1.9 +19.4 +37.6 35.1 37.4 - 2 .2 + 1 .9 - 6 .8 +27.2 51.5 53.5 + 3 .6 + .4 +23.9 +10.1 67.7 65.1 64.4 69.4 64.2 87.5 48.5 63.0 + 7.7 + 7.4 +3.9 + 4.1 + .2 + 9.7 +3.0 + 1.0 +59.7 +34.5 +57.8 +36.3 +52.9 +39.3 +41.4 +28.8 53.0 48.9 51.3 50.3 39.9 75.8 31.9 41.1 + 6.1 + 7 .0 + 6.1 + 8 .0 + 5 .7 +14.6 + 4 .6 + 1.5 +170. 4 +63.0 +86.5 +75.9 +80.5 +101.1 +94.5 +86.0 17. 71 18. 31 18.74 20.03 20.11 18. 22 - 1 .4 -.4 + 2.1 + 3 .7 + 5 .6 + 4.5 +69.1 +21.2 +17.7 +28.4 +18.2 +44.1 39.0 35.5 37.2 38.9 38.5 38.0 - 1 .0 - i.a + 3.0 + 3.7 + 4.6 + 3 .5 +72.3 + 1 .6 +16.0 +14.3 + 6 .6 +23.0 45.4 49.0 51.3 51.0 51.9 48.3 -.4 -.4 - 1 .3 + .2 + 1 .4 + 1.3 + 6 .8 +13.2 + 3.1 +21.2 +14.1 +23.1 14.90 + .5 +44.2 34.5 -.6 + .2 +35.7 +52.3 +50.2 +41.2 +37.9 +30.1 +64.7 - 8 .6 +35.0 +31.6 +39.6 +59.2 +45.8 1-43.0 -34.6 -21.3 -23.1 -36.0 1-50.7 -16.3 -16.9 -17.7 +4.6 +12.3 +10.9 +17.3 +15.7 +11.5 +34.9 23.2 20.7 46.2 34.7 13.7 24.1 74.6 18.9 47.2 82.6 80.8 55.0 84.9 80.3 98.2 79.7 107.0 68.3 60.8 81.4 65.9 108.3 91.1 80.0 84.4 95.2 84.4 84.1 83.9 + 6 .7 + 8 .0 -1 0 .6 + 4 .2 + 4 .4 + 7 .0 + 1 .6 +14.1 + 6 .9 + 6 .0 + 3 .2 +14.6 + 5 .4 + 9 .2 + 1 .7 + 1 .6 + 8 .2 -1 .8 - 5 .6 +12.6 + 8 .8 +15.1 + 6 .3 +12.8 +18.4 +13.4 + 3 .3 + 3.9 + 1.6 +77.1 +115.6 +59.9 +63.7 +87.7 +46.1 +87.0 - 7 .8 +65.6 +82.7 +90.6 +116. 5 +106.1 +84.2 +57.4 +64.0 +74.3 +90.8 +100.7 +69.9 +63.1 +80.5 +43.2 +50.1 +67.8 +69.1 +58.9 +58.1 +59.5 15. 05 14. 30 11.83 + 2 .7 + 3 .9 -1 3 .1 +30.0 +41.3 + 6.7 35.5 34.8 + 2 .6 + 3.3 +13.5 +14.4 -.1 -3 2 .2 42.7 37.6 + 4 .0 32.6 + 4 .0 101.4 + 2.9 53.1 + 4.6 +5.1 26.9 42.4 + 3.4 93.9 + 4.9 + 6.7 29.6 + 3.5 71.7 100.0 + 3.3 98.4 + 2.1 + 4.2 72.6 + 3.3 103.1 + 8.2 93.8 117.2 + 3.6 + 2.1 84.9 112.3 • + 4 .9 -.9 84.7 -4.3 82.3 +6 .4 99.4 + 3.7 88.7 + 9.7 130.5 -4.0 95.1 -9.1 110.1 -2.8 86.3 -6.5 105.0 92.7 -2.7 b2.9 92.2 -1.6 95.1 42.5 42.3 -.5 + 1 .0 +25.3 +19.4 +45.7 +49.0 13.19 17. 22 18.63 19. 83 17.05 -.7 + 3.5 - 3 .1 + 7 .0 + 3 .3 +35.0 +11.7 +14.0 +. 6 +22.3 30.7 31.9 34.9 31.3 34.4 (3) + 4 .6 +. 6 + 3 .0 + 1 .8 + 4 .5 -1 0 .6 + 3.1 + 9 .2 - 3 .0 41.4 53.6 53.5 61.5 49.5 + .2 + .2 - 3 .4 + 2 .3 -.2 +27.7 +29.9 +13.5 + 5 .3 +17.1 17. 52 13.28 16. 53 18.97 20.49 16.14 15.06 17. 05 +10.0 + 2.1 + 1 .0 - 1 .9 -.5 + 3.1 -.9 -1 .3 +35.9 +41. 0 +28.6 +17.0 +35.1 +41.1 +39.9 +33.1 35.1 35.6 37.7 36.3 31.0 35.7 34.6 34.6 + 2 .0 + 1.7 + .8 - 1 .6 + 1 .0 + 3 .5 - 3 .1 -2 .8 + 4.6 -1 8 .8 - 1 .9 -1 5. 3 -.3 - 6 .4 - 7 .6 - 3 .9 50.7 37.3 44.2 51.6 68.4 45.3 42.9 49.1 + 2 .0 (3) +1.1 -.4 -1 .4 -.2 + 1 .2 + .8 +28.9 +73. 5 +35.1 +37.5 +60.1 +50.5 +47.2 +11.6 17. 61 21. 35 16. 71 13.95 21. 83 13.44 + 4.9 + 4 .9 + 2 .2 + 3 .3 +15.2 + 6 .5 +39.7 32.2 + 5 .9 - 6 .6 +54.2 - 8 .9 +37. 0 """35.7" ~"+3.2" + 8.9 +33.4 36.4 + 6.1 - 3 .3 +51.2 - 8 .4 +43.9 -1 1 .8 52.7 - 1 .1 46.4 36.9 - 1 .5 -.5 +54.9 +59.3 +30.4 +54.7 +80.2 +53.1 18.83 20.33 + .9 (3) 45.0 52.2 + 1 .8 + .6 +50.1 +32.6 +41.7 +18.6 37.8 37.4 - 2 .3 -.3 -1 7 .9 - 8 .9 * Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data furnished by a smaller number of establishments as some firms do not report man-hour information. Figures for groups not computed. * Less than Ho of 1 percent. 8 No change. T 1.—E M P L O Y M E N T , W E E K L Y P A Y R O LLS, P E R C A P IT A W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S , A V E R A G E H O U R S W O R K E D P E R W E E K , A N D A V E R A G E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S IN M A N U FA C TU R IN G IN D U ST R IE S IN M A R C H 1934 A N D C O M P A R IS O N W IT H F E B R U A R Y 1934 A N D M A R C H 1933—Continued able Industry Per capita weekly earnings 1 Employment Pay roll Index, Percentage March change 1934 from— (3-year aver Febru March age, ary 1933 1923-25 1934 =100) Index, Percentage March change 1934 from— (3-year aver Febru March age, ary 1933 1923-25 1934 = 100) Average hours worked per week * Average hourly earnings 1 Percentage Percentage Percentage change change change A ver Aver Aver from— from— from— age in age in age in March March Febru March March Febru March Febru 1934 1934 March 1934 ary ary ary 1933 1933 1933 1934 1934 1934 Cents Food and kindred products__________________ Baking____ ________________________ ____ ___ Beverages----- ------- ------- ---------------------- ---------Butter___ __ _______ ________________ Canning and preserving_____________________ Confectionery........................................ ........ ....... Flour______ _______________________ _______ Ice cream_______ _______ _______ ______ _____ Slaughtering and meat packing---------------------Sugar, beet----------- ---------------------------------------Sugar refining, cane------- ------------------------ ------Tobacco m anufactures_________ ____________ Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff____ Cigars and cigarettes________________________ Paper and printing___________________________ Boxes, paper------------------------------------------------Paper and pulp------ ------- ------------------------------Printing and publishing: Book and job _______________ - ------------Newspapers and periodicals_____________ Chemicals and allied products_______________ Chemicals-------------------- ------------------- ------- — Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal-------------------Druggists’ preparations--------------------------------Explosives---- ------------- ---------------------------------Fertilizers_________ ______ __________________ Paints and varnishes------------------------- -----------Petroleum refining.............. ................................. Rayon and allied products--------------------- ------Soap---------- -------------------------------------------------Rubber products_____ ________________________ Rubber boots and shoes.......... .......................... Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes--------------------- --------------------Rubber tires and inner tubes________________ 96.2 110.3 147.7 76. 8 67.7 80.3 74.6 59.2 92.8 31.8 86.2 64.4 81.1 62.2 93.7 83.8 104.4 + 2.4 + 1.8 + 4.4 +3.4 +24.8 + 1.4 - 1 .0 + 3.7 - 2 .9 +2.1 + 3.5 + 3.7 + .2 + 4.2 + .6 + 3.8 + 1.9 +24.9 +16.6 +94.3 +11.6 +62.4 +16.7 +19.6 + 8 .0 +22.6 - 1 .2 +18.9 +20.8 +13.1 +22.2 +17.1 +22.7 +31.3 82.2 91.8 138.3 58.4 67.2 68.0 60.2 46.5 75.9 29.1 66.5 45.8 72.2 42.5 77.7 74.8 78.6 + 1 .4 + .5 + 7 .6 + 3 .3 +18.1 + 1 .2 -2 .3 + 5 .0 - 3 .4 - 1 .1 + .1 + .7 - 2 .6 + 1 .4 + 2 .2 + 7.4 + 2 .8 + 3 5 .2 +21.9 +129.7 + 8.1 +82.1 +51.4 +24.4 +10.5 +38.5 + 2 .8 - .3 +37.1 +35.7 +37. 5 +23.1 +46.4 +48.6 83.5 98.2 113.8 107.7 95.5 103.1 94.7 160.4 98.4 110.2 321.9 103.1 88.1 55.3 - 1 .8 +• 2 + 2.0 + 2.7 -1 4 .0 + .7 - .9 +32.1 + .8 - .4 - 1 .0 + 5.2 +4.1 - 1 .5 + 9.9 + 9 .0 +32.9 +46.1 +15.9 +19.5 +43.1 +88.7 +32.8 +17.2 +35.0 +26.3 +47.3 +31.4 68.9 85.7 89.1 89.1 84.9 92.6 70.5 107.3 77.1 92.0 218.2 88.4 70.8 48.3 + .9 + 2 .0 + 2 .2 + 1 .2 -1 3 .3 +. 9 + 2 .5 +31.5 + 3 .5 + 1 .4 -.8 + 5 .8 + 8 .6 + 1.1 +16.8 +11.3 +36.4 +50.3 +29.6 +23.1 +65.9 +107.5 +52.7 +15.7 +50.6 +32.3 +117. 2 +90.2 131.8 78.1 + 2.0 + 4.7 +43.1 +51.7 106.0 63.4 + 8 .4 + 9.4 + 84.0 +148. 6 1 See footnote 1, p. 7. 21.77 28.32 20. 39 12.91 15.40 20.28 24.56 20.72 24.44 20.48 - 1 .3 + 3 .1 -.1 - 5 .4 -.3 -1 .4 + 1 .2 -.5 - 3 .1 - 3 .3 + 4 .7 +17.9 - 2 .7 +29.9 +29.4 +4. 3 + 2 .6 +13.1 + 3 .8 -1 6 .1 - 4 .9 - 1 .3 -2 .0 + 1 .7 - 1 .3 - 3 .7 - 2 .7 - 6 .5 - 3 .4 -1 6 .9 - 2 .5 + 2 .4 -1 7 . 5 -1 6 .0 - 8 .7 -2 3 . 2 -1 7 .5 40.9 38.8 +• 7 + 1 .3 33.2 36.9 38.7 41.7 38.6 39.4 36.3 38.3 41.2 52.3 58.5 53.0 65.3 55.4 13. 84 12. 27 - 2 .7 - 2 .7 +20.2 +12.5 36.3 33.7 - 3 .2 - 5 .3 - 5 .4 - 7 .7 18. 59 18.60 + 3.5 + .8 +19.2 +13.0 37.2 36.9 + 1 .6 + .3 25.85 31.56 + 2.8 + 1 .7 + 6.5 + 2.2 36.4 36.8 22.97 10.46 19. 86 21. 31 10.91 21.31 26. 67 17.90 20.92 - 1 .5 + .8 +. 2 + 3.5 -.4 + 2 .6 + 1 .8 + .2 + .5 + 3.3 +12.1 + 3.1 +15.9 +10.6 +14.8 - 1 .2 +11.2 + 4.4 17. 27 + 2 .7 18. 87 25.13 + 6 .3 + 4.4 51.3 73.5 + .2 + 1 .0 - 1 .2 + .8 + .2 - 2 .5 +12.9 +26.4 +17.9 + 9.7 +28.2 +23.8 +15. 6 +21.8 +34.3 + 7.2 37.3 36.1 + .8 + 2.6 +25.3 +13.0 - 2 .4 - 5 .1 49.6 50.3 + 1.6 + .4 +23.9 +19.9 + .6 + .8 + .3 - 5 .4 71.3 84.4 +1.3 + .1 + 4.7 + 8.6 38.7 42.0 38.4 35.5 33.0 39.0 34.9 37.5 39.3 - 1 .3 - 3 .2 + 1.3 +1.7. + 4.1 + 2.4 + .9 + .3 + 1 .0 - 6 .1 -2 9 .1 +2.1 +• 4 -2 1 .9 + 6.1 -1 2 .1 - 9 .0 - 9 .6 60.4 25.2 49.5 61.3 33.3 53.7 73.4 47.8 52.3 + 1 .2 + 3.7 -1 .0 + .3 - 4 .3 (3) + 1 .7 + .2 -.8 + 9.4 +53.9 + 7.7 + 9.4 +44.5 + 9.5 +17.1 +24.2 +12.6 +44.6 34.5 + 5 .2 +77.1 46.3 -.2 +31.6 +28.3 +64.3 36.8 33.5 + 5.1 + 4.4 +• 3 +37.4 50.1 76.6 + 1 .2 + .7 +20.8 +30.9 * N o change. - 1 .5 + 1 .7 ------- 9 Estimated Number of Wage Earners and Weekly Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries I n the following table are presented the estimated number of wage earners and weekly pay roll in all manufacturing industries combined, and in the 14 groups into which these manufacturing industries have been classified, for the years from 1919 to 1933, inclusive, and for the months of January, February, and March 1934. These estimates have been computed by multiplying the weighting factor of the several groups of industries (number employed or weekly pay roll in the index base period 1923-25) by the Bureau’s index numbers of employment and pay roll (which have now been adjusted to conform with Census trends over the period 1919-31) and-dividing by 100. Data are not available for all groups over the entire period shown. The totals for all manufacturing industries combined, however, have been adjusted to include all groups. The estimated total employment and weekly pay roll for all manufacturing industries combined does not include the manufactured gas industry (which is included in the Bureau’s power and light industry), or the motion-picture industry. T a b le 2 .—E ST IM A T E D N U M B E R OF W AGE E A R N E R S A N D W E E K L Y W AGES IN ALL M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S C O M B IN E D A N D IN IN D U S T R Y GRO U PS—Y E A R L Y A V ER A G ES 1919 TO 1933, IN C L U SIV E , A N D M O N TH S, JA N U A R Y TO M A R C H 1934 Year and month Total manu facturing Iron and steel and their products M achin ery, not including Transpor tation transpor equipment tation equipment Railroad repair shops Nonferrous metals and their products Em ploym ent 1919 average___ 192 0 192 1 192 2 192 3 192 4 _____ 192 5 192 6 192 7 192 8 192 9 193 0 193 1 193 2 _ 193 3 1934: January.. February. M arch___ 8,983,900 9,065, 600 6,890, 700 7, 592, 700 8,724,900 8, 083, 700 8, 328, 200 8, 484,400 8, 288,400 8, 285,800 8, 785,600 7,668,400 6, 484, 300 5,374, 200 5, 778, 400 6,146,000 6, 514, 200 6, 770,100 858, 600 926,300 572, 400 722, 500 892,400 833, 700 851, 200 880, 200 834,900 829,800 881,000 766, 200 598,400 458,100 503,400 545,500 572, 200 601,400 1,026,800 1,131, 700 680, 700 717,400 928,600 835, 400 870, 500 946, 700 897,800 922, 500 1,105,700 918,700 687,000 494,600 517,100 614,700 640,100 674,400 0) 0) 0) 0) 606,200 524, 500 559,600 558, 600 495,100 541,900 583, 200 451,800 373,800 315,700 305, 600 401, 200 477,300 526, 300 0) 0) 0) 0) 523, 700 464,900 458,100 460, 700 428,900 404,000 398, 200 353,800 309,000 257,400 250,600 254, 500 257,400 267, 600 0) 0) 0) 0) (0 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) C1) 0) 209,000 164, 200 175,200 190,200 200, 400 212, 200 Weekly pay roDs 1919 average.. 192 0 192 1 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 192 8 192 9 $198,145,000 $23,937,000 $24, 534,000 (0 0) 238,300, 000 30, 531,000 31,982,000 0) 0) 155,008,000 14,049,000 16, 450,000 0) (0 165,406, 000 17,400,000 16,982,000 0) 0) 210,065,000 25,442,000 24,618,000 $18, 532,000 $14,856,000 195, 376,000 23,834,000 22, 531,000 15.636.000 12,972,000 204,665,000 24,680,000 23,843,000 17.478.000 12,847,000 211,061,000 25,875,000 26,310,000 17,126,000 13,025,000 206,980,000 24, 289,000 25,095, 000 15,450,000 12, 475,000 208, 334, 000 24, 740,000 26, 334,000 17,494,000 11,817,000 221,937, 000 26,568,000 31,761,000 18,136,000 12,255,000 i Comparable data not available. 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 1 0 T able 2 — E S T IM A T E D N U M B E R OF W A G E E A R N E R S A N D W E E K L Y W A G E S IN A L L M A N U F A C T U R IN G I N D U S T R I E S C O M B I N E D A N D I N I N D U S T R Y G R O U P S — Y E A R L Y A V E R A G E S 1919 T O 1933, I N C L U S I V E , A N D M O N T H S , J A N U A R Y T O M A R C H 1934— C o n td . Year and month Total manu facturing Iron and steel and their products Machin ery, not including Transpor tation transpor equipment tation equipment Railroad repair shops Nonferrous metals and their products Weekly pay rolls— Continued $180, 507, 000 $21,126, 000 $24,197,000 $12, 076, 000 $10, 316,000 193 0 8, 366,000 137, 256, 000 13, 562,000 15,135, 000 9, 008, 000 193 1 7, 012, 000 5, 793, 000 193 2 93, 757, 000 7,164, 000 8, 546, 000 5, 652,000 98, 628, 000 8, 925, 000 8, 975, 000 6, 799,000 193 3 5, 710, 000 109,806, 000 10,134, 000 11, 260, 000 9,072, 000 1934: January. _______ February_______ ____ 128, 395, 000 11, 269, 000 12, 253,000 12, 394,000 6,185,000 March _ _______ _ . 131,852, 000 12, 650, 000 13,199, 000 14, 546, 000 6, 577, 000 Year and month Lumber and allied products Stone, clay, and glass products Textiles and their products Fabrics Wearing apparel Total 0) $4, 622, 000 2, 865, 000 3.039.000 3.452.000 3, 826,000 4.163.000 Leather and its manu factures E m ploym ent 1919 average... ______ _ __ 192 0 __________________ 192 1 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 1 9 2 7 ....___________________ 192 8 192 9 193 0 193 1 193 2 193 3 1934: January____ ______ _ February.. ______ _ _ March ____________ 863, 800 821, 200 703,000 894.300 932.100 901.300 921, 600 922, 300 864.100 848.100 876,500 699.400 516, 900 377.800 406.100 418.800 432, 600 445.400 302, 700 314, 500 253,000 299, 600 351,400 346, 400 352, 700 363, 500 349.800 334,900 328, 500 280.800 222,800 156, 000 157, 500 165, 700 174, 400 182, 500 1, 052, 600 1,045, 300 994, 300 1,054, 900 1, 664, 400 1.041.900 1,109, 500 1, 095, 700 1,119, 200 1, 062, 400 1.095.900 950, 400 886, 700 794,100 952, 600 988, 400 1, 065, 800 1, 087, 900 507.800 519.400 473.900 487.800 499,300 455, 800 466, 500 472.800 501.400 513.100 536, 700 497, 700 472,000 401, 800 418.100 385.900 442, 800 471, 300 1, 609,400 1, 612, 400 1, 509, 400 1, 585, 500 1, 714, 300 1, 545, 500 1, 627, 400 1, 628, 000 1, 694, 400 1, 651, 300 1, 706,900 1, 513,000 1, 421, 000 1, 250, 300 1, 432, 700 1, 437,100 1,577, 300 1, 629, 400 349, 600 318, 600 280,100 314, 600 344,800 311, 700 314, 200 312, 700 316,000 309, 400 318, 600 295.100 272, 800 255,500 269,400 268, 200 292.100 290,900 $28, 440, 000 3 4 . 115.000 28, 284,000 28, 962, 000 33, 511,000 29, 712,000 31, 795, 000 31, 731, 000 33, 817,000 32,199, 000 33, 321, 000 27,115, 000 $6,978,000 7, 437,000 6.040.000 6, 711,000 Weekly Pay Rolls 1919 average______________ $16, 549,000 20, 358,000 192 0 13,161,000 192 1 192 2 ____ __________ 15, 234,000 18, 526, 000 192 3 192 4 18, 228,000 18,824, 000 192 5 18,997, 000 192 6 17,916, 000 192 7 192 8 j.__________________ 17, 454, 000 18, 062,000 192 9 13, 464, 000 193 0 8, 641, 000 193 1 4, 656,000 193 2 193 3 4,900, 000 5, 075,000 1934: January____ _ ___ ___ 5, 650,000 February________ ___ March _____________ 5,909, 000 1 Comparable data not available. $6, 397, 000 $17, 494,000 $10,121, 000 8, 239, 000 21,005,000 12,124, 000 5, 907, 000 17, 235, 000 10, 266, 000 6, 442,000 17,747, 000 10, 438,000 8, 726,000 21, 590, 000 10, 919,000 9, 804,000 8,926, 000 19, 014, 000 8, 985,000 20,497, 000 10, 284,000 9, 257, 000 20, 241,000 10, 297, 000 8,929,000 21,135, 000 11,123, 000 8, 541, 000 19, 510, 000 11,114,000 8, 323,000 20, 251, 000 11,476, 000 9, 680,000 6, 828, 000 16,167, 000 4, 786, 000 14, 308, 000 8, 338,000 5, 733, 000 2, 588, 000 10, 367,000 5, 757,000 2, 455,000 12, 664, 000 2, 655,000 13, 647, 000 5,850, 000 7, 473,000 2,956, 000 15, 948, 000 8, 414, 000 3, 081, 000 16, 457, 000 23, 799,000 16.947.000 19, 394,000 20, 526,000 24, 676,000 26,164, 000 7, 472,000 6, 654,000 6, 831,000 6.909.000 7, 009,000 6, 696,000 6.915.000 5, 748,000 5, 035,000 4 .0 6 0 .0 0 0 4, 394, 000 '4,716,000 5.708.000 5, 896, 000 11 T 2 — E S T IM A T E D N U M B E R OF W A G E E A R N E R S A N D W E E K L Y W A G E S IN A L L M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S C O M B IN E D A N D IN I N D U S T R Y G R O U P S —Y E A R L Y A V E R A G E S 1919 TO 1933, IN C L U S IV E , A N D M O N T H S , J A N U A R Y TO M A R C H 1934— Contd able Year and month Food and kindred products Paper and 1 Chemicals and allied printing products Tobacco manufac tures Rubber products E m p lo y m e n t 1919 average___________________ . . . __ 1920______________________________________ 1921____ _________________________________ 1922______________________________________ 1923______________________________________ 1924______________________________________ 1925______________________________________ 1926______________________________________ 1927___________________ ____ _____________ 1928______________________________________ 1929______________________________________ 1930__________________ _____ _____________ 1931_________________ ________ ___________ 1932__________________ _____ _____________ 1933_____________________ ____ ___________ 1934: January__________________ _________ _ February___________________________ M arch_____ _____________________ 733,600 713,000 626, 400 651,400 681,900 657, 800 664, 400 664, 400 679, 400 707,100 753,500 731,100 650, 500 577,100 631,000 628, 700 627,800 643,100 157,000 154,000 149,900 146,400 146, 300 136, 700 132,100 125,700 129,300 125,600 116,100 108, 300 99, 700 88, 600 82,700 75,400 85, 900 89,100 510,100 549,100 467,100 489,400 527, 400 529, 200 537,100 553,600 553, 500 558, 300 591, 500 574,100 511,800 451, 700 458,400 490, 700 494, 500 497, 600 0) 0) 0) 0) 342, 700 322, 200 334, 200 355,100 346, 700 342,500 384, 800 364, 700 316,800 279, 700 315,400 359, 200 368,300 375,600 0) 0) 0) 0) 137,800 123,200 141,800 141,200 142,000 149, 200 149,100 115,500 99, 200 87,800 99,300 110,100 113, 600 118,300 0) 0) 0) 0) $8, 499,000 8,013,000 8,444,000 9,055,000 8,978,000 8,997,000 10, 068,000 9, 334,000 7, 643,000 5, 861, 000 6,179,000 7, 035,000 7, 257,000 7, 417,000 (0 0) 0) 0) $3, 500,000 3, 223,000 3, 676, 000 3,707,000 3,810,000 4,069,000 3, 986,000 2,934,000 2,165,000 1, 555,000 1,740,000 2,036,000 2,261,000 2,455,000 W eekly P a y R olls 1919________ ____ ________________________ $14,879,000 1920______________________________________ 16, 698,000 1921______________________________________ 14,333,000 1922_______ _______ _______ ______________ 14,142,000 1923______________________________________ 15, 296,000 1924_________________________________ ____ 15,155,000 1925______________________________________ 15, 268, 000 1926_________ 1___________________________ 15, 503, 000 1927______________________________________ 15,838, 000 1928__________________________________ . . . . 16,388,000 1929______________________________________ 17, 344,000 1930 _____________________________ ______ 16, 593,000 1931_____ ________________________________ 14,173,000 1932_ ____________________________________ 11,308,000 1933______________________________________ 11,604,000 1934: January______________ _____________ 12, 301,000 February ____________ ________ 12,352,000 M arch_______ _____________ ________ 12, 522, 000 $2,386,000 $10,873,000 2, 772,000 14, 729,000 2,325,000 12, 259,000 2, 206, 000 12, 762,000 2,317,000 14, 304, 000 2, 213,000 14, 797,000 2,147,000 15, 506,000 2,049,000 16,478,000 2,025,000 16, 501,000 1,916,000 16,691,000 1,819,000 17, 771,000 1, 617, 000 17, 036,000 1,336, 000 14,461,000 1,052,000 11,126,000 944,000 10,299,000 886,000 11, 045,000 1, 012,000 11, 297,000 1, 019, 000 11,550,000 1 Comparable data not available. Index Numbers of Employment and Pay-Roll Totals in Manufacturing Industries T he Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor has revised its index numbers of factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to March 1934. Hereafter the Bureau’s indexes will be based on the 3-year average, 1923-25, as 100 as rec ommended by the advisory committee to the Secretary of Labor. Two radical changes have been made in the indexes. First, the indexes for each of the 90 separate industries surveyed each month have been adjusted to conform with the figures on employment and pay rolls for previous years through 1931 as published by the Bureau of the Census. Similar adjustments have been made for each of the 14 groups into which these industries are classified, and for manufac turing as a whole. 12 This change has been made so that the indexes may reflect as accurately as possible the changes in total factory employment and pay rolls, not only from month to month, but also over a period of years. The Bureau’s indexes are based on returns supplied by repre sentative manufacturing establishments in each of the industries surveyed. The establishments supplying these monthly data employ approximately 50 percent of all factory wage earners of the country, and their combined reports indicate with close accuracy the shorttime trend in employment and pay rolls. The former indexes did not, however, accurately reflect the long-time trends. They did not fully portray the increases resulting from the establishment of new plants, or the decreases brought about by the permanent shut-down of establishments not included in the Bureau’s sample. Such changes are shown only by the complete coverage of every plant in each in dustry, as made by the Biennial Census of Manufactures. As now adjusted, the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ indexes make allowance for new establishments coming into existence, and old establishments dropping out in the years prior to 1932. A second change in the revised series of index numbers is the shifting of the base from the 12-month average for 1926 to the average for the 3-year period, 1923-25. Henceforth, the average for these years will equal 100 in the Bureau’s indexes. This broader base was selected as preferable to the single-year base, not only because it minimizes any unusual condition which would greatly affect the relative position of any industry in any single year, but also to place the Bureau’s indexes on a base similar to a number of other official and private series of indexes on employment, pay rolls, and pro duction. Data for the nonmanufacturing industries are also being revised and improved by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. More than 100,000 additional firms in the field of wholesale and retail trade, real estate, building construction, dyeing and cleaning, and laundries, have recently been added to the roll of establishments reporting to the Bureau. The advisory committee to the Secretary of Labor, which recom mended these changes and improvements, was appointed at the re quest of Secretary Perkins by the American Statistical Association. The committee consists of Bryce M. Stewart, director of research of Industrial Relations Counselors; Ewan Clague, director of research, Community Council of Philadelphia; Meredith B. Givens, Social Science Research Council; Ralph G. Hurlin, director of statistical research, Russell Sage Foundation; Aryness Joy, Office of the Eco nomic Advisor to the Executive Council; Murray W. Latimer, Indus trial Relations Counselors; Howard B. Myers, bureau of statistics and research, Illinois Department of Labor; Morris A. Copeland, 13 executive secretary, Central Statistical Board; and J. Frederic Dewhurst, Twentieth Century Fund. A bulletin containing the revised index numbers by months from January 1919 to December 1933 for each of the separate manufactur ing industries, the several groups of industries, and all manufacturing industries combined, is now in the course of preparation. This bulle tin also explains the method used in adjusting the former series of index numbers to conform with the yearly averages published in biennial census reports. The revised general index numbers of employment and pay rolls for the manufacturing industries from January 1919 to March 1934, inclusive, as adjusted to the biennial census and recomputed on the new base (1923-25 equals 100), and a chart of these indexes follow. T 3 . — G E N E R A L I N D E X E S OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y -R O L L T O T A L S IN M A N U F A C T U R I N G IN D U S T R IE S B Y M O N T H S —J A N U A R Y 1919 T O M A R C H 1934, IN C L U S IV E able [3-year average, 1923-25=100] Employment M onth January----February. _ M arch........ April______ M a y ______ June______ July_______ August____ September. October___ N ovem ber. D ecem b er- 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 105.3 102.2 102.4 102. 5 103.1 104.3 106.9 109.7 111.7 111.3 112.6 114.4 114.9 113.7 116.0 314.5 112.0 111.1 108.5 108.8 107.5 103.7 97.4 89.7 100.7 100. 2 102. 5 101.5 104.6 101.7 105.0 99.9 105.3 96.8 106.0 93.8 104.9 91.0 105.2 92.1 105.7 94.4 104.5 95.3 103.2 94.8 101.4 96.1 81.0 82.6 83.2 82.1 81.9 81.0 79.8 81.2 83.4 84.1 84.2 83.3 82.5 84.6 85.9 85.8 87.9 89.8 88.2 91.4 94.5 97.0 99.0 100.5 1924 1925 96.3 98.1 98.8 98.7 98.1 98.0 97.8 99.5 101.5 102.2 101.8 101.5 Average _ 107.3 108.1 83.3 90.6 104.1 96.5 99.4 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 100.5 98.2 101.5 99.7 102.1 100.2 101.4 99.6 100.4 99.1 100.3 99.1 99.4 98.1 101.4 99.3 103.4 100.5 103.1 99.6 101.4 97.4 100.0 96.1 95.0 96.5 97.6 97.1 97.0 97.8 97.7 100.1 102.2 102.6 101.>7 101.2 100.8 102.9 104.1 105.3 105.3 105.6 106.1 107.9 109.0 307.7 103.6 99.8 97.3 97.4 96.9 96.3 94.8 92.9 89.5 88.8 89.6 87.7 84.6 82.3 101. 2 98.9 79.6 80.3 80.7 80.7 80.1 78.4 77.0 77.1 77.4 74.4 71.8 71.0 68.7 69.5 68.4 66.1 63.4 61.2 58.9 60.1 63.3 64.4 63.4 62.1 60.2 73.3 61.1 77.7 58.8 80.8 59.9 62.6 66.9 71. 5 76.4 80.0 79.6 76.2 74.4 98.9 104.8 91.5 77.4 64.1 69.0 177.3 Pay rolls January----February. _ M arch____ April______ M a y ______ June______ July_______ August-----September . October___ N ovem ber. D ecem b erAverage. 95.3 89.6 90.0 89.2 90.0 92.0 94.8 99.9 104.7 102.2 106.7 114.0 117.2 115.5 123.7 120.9 122.4 124.2 119.3 121.6 119.8 115.8 107.0 98.0 82.8 81.3 81.7 79.0 77.3 75.4 71.7 73.9 73.4 72.6 71.7 73.3 69.6 72.4 74.9 73.8 77.2 80.5 78.5 83.0 87.0 89.5 93.4 95.7 94.6 98.8 95.4 97.9 104.1 100.8 102.5 104.1 102.4 103.8 101.8 100.0 107.3 97.5 100. 7 107.5 92.4 98.7 103.3 85.7 96.8 103.8 89.3 99.3 104.3 92.5 98.8 106.6 95.1 104.6 104.5 93.7 104.6 102.9 97.6 105.2 97.4 117.1 76.2 81.3 103.3 96.1 100.6 100.9 98.4 105.0 104.4 106.5 105.7 104.4 104.5 103.1 104.0 103.3 102.4 99.0 98.5 103.4 101,9 104.4 101.4 107.6 102.1 104.1 98.5 103.5 99.5 96.0 101.2 102.5 100.5 101.3 101.7 '99.0 103.3 104.7 108.2 105.0 105. 6 102.3 109.3 111.6 112. 6 112.9 111.2 107.2 112.0 112.9 112.4 104.1 100.7 95.9 98.8 98.8 97.7 95. 4 92.3 84.3 83.3 84.1 82.2 76.8 75.2: 70.0 74.3 75.6 74.4 73.4 69.7 66.2 65.9 63.4 61.3 58.1 57.6 53.5 54.6 53.1 49. 5 46.8 43.4 39.8 40.6 42.9 44.7 42.9' 41.5i 39.5 54.0 40.2 60.6 37.1 64.8 38.8 42. 7 47.2 50.8 56.8 59.1 59.4 55.5 54.5 103.8 101.8 103.4 109.1 88.7 67.5 46.1 48.5 159. 8 1 Average for 3 months. For comparative purposes the Bureau has computed the group and general index numbers of employment and pay roll for March 1934 based on the 12-month average for 1926 as 100. These are a con tinuation of the former series of indexes covering 89 industries and show some slight differences in percentage changes over the previous E m p lo y m e n t » P a y r o l l s ihe M a n u fa c tu r in g In d u strie s 3 year average 1^23 1^2^=100 U.S.Departirtent of Labor BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Washington Index Numbers Index Numbers 140 iW -130 130- Em ploym ent 120- -120 110- -110 tOO- -100 90 90 - - 80 - - so 7° - - 70 - 60 P a y r o lls 60- 50- -5 0 JIO- - 40 30 - 20 - - 20 10 - - 10 019 1 9 1920 1921 1922 1923 I— 5 2 Industries 'u ‘>3 Industries -4?— — 1924 192) 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 30 - ---------------------- - 60 Industries------------------------------------- 4s 62 Industries -*4«-— ---------- ---------*)0 Industries — -------------------- Jack Brandt. Jr. 0 15 month from those shown by the revised series. These differences are due to changes in method of construction and weighting factors, and the inclusion of the canning and preserving industry. The indexes are presented in table 4, which follows. T a ble 4 . — I N D E X E S OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S (B A S E D ON T H E 12-M ON TH A V E R A G E F O R 1926=100) IN 14 M A J O R M A N U F A C T U R IN G G R O U PS, 2 SU B G R O U P S, A N D A L L M A N U F A C T U R IN G C O M B IN E D , F O R M A R C H 1934 Employ ment index Group Pay-roll index All manufacturing__________________ _________ ______________ _______ 76.3 59.5 Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery___________________ Machinery, not including transportation equipm ent-- _________ _____ _____ . . Transportation equipment________ _____________ ___ ______________________ Railroad repair shops __________ ____ _________________________ ________ Nonferrous metals and their products. _ __________________ ______ ____ _____ Lumber and allied products. _ ____________ _____ __ _________________ _______ Stone, clay, and glass products. ._ _______________________________ _____ ___ Textiles and their products________ _____ ____ ___ ______ ______ ______ _______ Fabrics_________________ _________ ___ ________________________ ____ __ Wearing apparel______ _____ ___________ _________________ ________ ____ Leather and its manufactures____________ ____________________________ _____ Food and kindred products_____________ ______________ ___ _____________ Tobacco manufactures.___________________ . _______ __________________ Paper and printing_________ __________________ _______ ________________ Chemicals and allied products_________________ ____________________________ Rubber products_______ ___________________________________________ ____ _ 73. 7 68.0 89.7 51.5 72.4 45.8 52.0 89.8 95.1 77.3 87. 7 93.4 72.1 89. 8 103.9 88.0 51. 0 48. 7 80.9 44.4 54.4 28.4 33. 6 72.0 77. 2 61. 7 72. 2 77. 5 52. 8 72. 2 81. 5 71.5 i Employment in Nonmanufacturing Industries in March 1934 HE general expansion in employment in the manufacturing industries was also evidenced in the nonmanufacturing industries surveyed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 12 of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries reporting increases in both employment and pay roll between February and March. Data for the building construction industry are not presented here but are shown in more detail under the section “ Building construction.” The most pronounced percentage gain in employment over the month interval was a seasonal increase in the quarrying and nonmetallic mining industry of 8.3 percent combined with an increase of 14.8 percent in pay rolls. The pronounced percentage gain in pay rolls in the quarrying and nonmetallic mining industry was exceeded, however, by the gain of 25.2 percent in the anthracitemining industry, which was caused by increased production. Em ployment in the anthracite-mining industry increased 6.9 percent. The dyeing and cleaning industry reported increases, largely seasonal, of 6.4 percent in employment and 11.7 percent in pay rolls, and the group of retail-trade stores, reflecting the effects of the Easter trade, reported a substantial gain in employment with a less pronounced gain in earnings. In table 1, which follows, are shown indexes of employment and pay roll, per capita weekly earnings, average hours worked per week,, T 55364—34------3 16 and average hourly earnings in March 1934 for 13 of the 14 nonmanu facturing industries surveyed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, together with percentages of change from February 1934 and March 1933. Similar percentages of change in employment, pay roll, and per capita weekly earnings, as well as average per capita weekly earnings, are likewise presented for the banks-brokerageinsurance-real estate group. Indexes of employment and pay roll for the latter group have been temporarily discontinued. 1 —E M P L O Y M E N T , W E E K L Y P A Y ROLLS, P E R C A P IT A W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S , A V E R A G E H O U R S W O R K E D P E R W E E K , A N D A V E R A G E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S IN N O N M AN U FAC TU R IN G IN D U ST R IE S IN M A R C H 1934 A N D C O M P A R IS O N W IT H F E B R U A R Y 1934 A N D M A R C H 1933 T a b le Employment Industry Coal mining: Anthracite....................... ............... Bituminous..................................... Metalliferous m ining........ .................. Quarrying and nonmetallic m in in g .. Crude-petroleum producing................ Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph.............. Power and light______ ____ ____ Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance___ Trade: Wholesale....................................... Retail........ ..................................... Hotels (cash payments only) 3_.......... Laundries____ ______ _______ ______ Dyeing and cleaning________________ Banks, brokerage, insurance, and real estate........................................... ! Per capita weekly earn ings i Pay roll Index, Percentage change M arch from— 1934 (12month average Febru March 1929= ary 1934 1933 100) Average hours worked per week i Average hourly earn ings i Percentage change Percentage change Index, Percentage change Percentage change from— from— from— from— March Average Average Average 1934 (12in in in month March March March average Febru 1934 Febru March 1934 1934 Febru March Febru March 1929= ary 1934 March 1933 ary 1934 1933 1933 ary 1934 ary 1934 1933 100) 67.5 77.8 39.8 42.0 72.8 + 6.9 + 2 .2 -1 .1 + 8.3 + .5 +23.6 +15.1 +32.7 +19.7 +28.8 82.4 58.9 25.9 24.1 52.5 + 25.2 + 7 .9 -.4 +14.8 + 3 .9 +68.9 +91.9 +48.9 +35.4 +23.5 $35.57 19.44 21. 27 15.19 27.20 +17.0 + 5 .5 + .7 + 5 .9 + 3.3 +36.6 +66.7 +12.2 +13.2 - 4 .1 43.7 34.0 38.7 33.5 35.1 +16.2 + 6 .3 - 1 .0 + 6 .3 + 1 .2 +38.7 +35.4 + .2 - 2 .7 -2 4 .4 Cents 81.8 57.5 54.3 45.6 76.4 + 0 .7 - .9 + 1 .9 + .7 + .4 - 1 .3 +21.1 +13.4 +17.7 +17.3 7GL0 81.7 + .3 +. 7 -4 .4 + 6 .2 70.4 75.6 + 3 .8 + 1 .7 - 1 .7 + 5.1 27.28 28.89 + 3.5 + 1 .0 + 2 .9 -1.1 37.9 40.1 +. 5 (2) 4/ 2 —7; 9 72.5 72.0 + 2 .8 + .8 + 3 .0 + 9 .0 71.7 + 1.0 + 2.7 62.2 + 3 .5 + 4.7 27.74 + 2.5 +2. 0 46.1 + 2 .0 4 .7 59.3 + 4 .2 + 5.3 83.6 87.2 86.4 6 79.2 6 72.4 +• 7 + 4.1 + 1.9 + 1 .0 + 6.4 +14.4 +22.1 +19.3 +4.1 +10.0 65.7 69.5 66.6 6 62.7 6 51.7 + 1.7 + 2 .7 + 2.1 + 1 .7 +11.7 + 15.1 +26.1 +24.5 +13. 2 +32.9 26.14 19. 42 13.16 14. 82 17.66 + .9 - 1 .4 + .2 + .7 + 5.1 +• 6 + 3 .2 + 4 .3 + 8 .8 +20.8 42.3 39.0 47.9 39.0 40.0 + 1 .2 (2) -.8 +. 8 + 2 .6 -1 0 .5 -1 2 .9 - 6 .5 - 5 .2 - 9 .6 60.7 50.7 26.6 37.6 44.3 -.8 - 1 .9 + 1.1 (2) + 1 .4 +14.2 +14.6 +14.3 +13.9 +31.0 (4) 5 -2 *+2.8 s—.5 s+3. 5 32. 74 « -.2 *+ .7 (4) (4) (4) (4) <«) 0) (<) 1 Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data furnished by a smaller number of establishments as some firms do not report man-hour information. 2 N o change. 3 The additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. 4 N ot available. * Weighted. « Revised to conform with trend shown b y 1931 Census of Manufactures, 18 Indexes of employment and Pay-Roll Totals for Nonmanufacturing Industries I n d e x numbers of employment and pay-roll totals for 13 nonman ufacturing industries are presented in table 2. These index numbers show the variation in employment and pay rolls by months, from January 1931 through March 1934, in these industries. A revision, similar to that made for the manufacturing industries has been made for the laundries and the dyeing and cleaning indus tries for the available months, January 1931 through March 1934, to conform with the trends shown by the 1929 and 1931 census reports. T able 2 —I N D E X E S OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S F O R N O N M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S , J A N U A R Y 1931-M ARCH 1934 [12-month average, 1929=100] Anthracite mining M onth Employment Bituminous-coal mining Pay rolls Employment P ay rolls 1931 1932 1933 1934 1931 1932 1933 1934 1931 1932 1933 1934 1931 1932 1933 1934 January................. February.............. M arch................... April M ay ______ June July— ---------------August— ............. September October-------------N ovem ber............ D ecem ber.......... . 90.6 89.5 82.0 85.2 80.3 76.1 65.1 67.3 80.0 86.8 83.5 79.8 76.2 71.2 73.7 70.1 66.9 53.0 44.5 49.2 55.8 63.9 62.7 62.3 52.5 58.7 54.6 51.6 43.2 39.5 43.8 47.7 56.8 56.9 61.0 54.5 64.1 89.3 61.5 43.2 63.2 101.9 57.3 56.8 67.5 71.3 61.2 48.8 75.2 72.0 37.4 76.1 58.0 30.0 66.7 37.4 34.3 ........ 53.7 34.5 38.2 ____ 56.4 41.4 46.6 64.9 47.0 60.7 91.1 66.7 61.6 ____ 79.5 51.0 47.8 ........ 78.4 56.2 44.3 73.2 93.9 80.8 69.8 75.8 65.8 91.5 77.4 69.3 76.1 82.4 88.8 75.2 67.6 77.8 85.9 65.5 63.7 82.4 62.6 61.2 78.4 60.5 61.3 ____ 76.4 58.6 63. 2 ____ 77.0 59.4 68.6 ____ 80.4 62.4 71.8 81.3 67.0 68.0 ____ 81.1 69.4 74.8 ........ 81.2 70.0 75.4 ------- 73.3 68.3 65.2 58.6 54.4 52.4 50.4 50.6 53.6 56.2 54.6 52.3 47.0 47.0 46.8 33.9 30.7 27.3 24.4 26.4 30.2 37.8 38.0 37.7 36.1 37.2 30.7 26.6 26.9 29.2 33.6 43.3 44.1 44.1 50.7 50.8 51.3 54.6 58.9 ........ ____ ____ ........ Average___ 80.5 62.5 51.7 164.9 75.4 53.7 45.8 173.8 83.2 67.4 67.9 176.5 57.5 35.6 37.8 154.9 Metalliferous mining January_________ February________ M arch................... April...................... M a y _____ _______ June July________ ____ August—............. September October................. Novem ber............ December—. ........ Average___ 68.3 65.3 63.5 63.9 62.4 60.0 56.2 55.8 55.5 53.8 52.8 51.2 49.3 46.9 45.0 43.3 38.3 32.2 29.5 28.6 29.3 30.5 31.9 33.3 32.4 39.6 31.5 40.3 3a 0 39.8 29.4 ____ 30.0 ____ 31.5 33.0 38.8 ____ 38.9 40.7 40.6 ____ 40.6 ------- 55.0 54.6 52.8 51.4 49.3 46.1 41.3 40.2 40.0 37.4 35.1 34.3 29.7 27.8 26.5 25.0 23.8 20.1 16.9 16.5 17.0 18.0 18.7 18.7 Quarrying and nonmetallic mining 18.1 17.8 17.4 16.4 17.0 18.3 19.0 21.9 23.9 25.9 25.6 26.2 25.4 26.0 25.9 ____ ____ 64.4 66.6 70.0 76.1 75.0 72.3 ____ 71.0 ____ 68.9 66.6 ____ 64.5 59.3 ------- 53.9 35.1 34.8 35.1 39.3 43.4 47.3 49.5 51.6 52.6 53.2 51.1 45.3 50.4 54.4 58.2 62.6 62.3 60.1 57.3 ____ 55.1 51.2 48.7 ____ 43.3 ........ 36.9 39.7 38.8 42.0 ____ ____ 30.2 29.6 28.7 30.0 32.3 30.0 29.1 29.7 30.5 30.1 27.1 22.1 18.1 17.4 17.8 20.2 23.8 27.5 28.4 29.9 29.3 31.2 28.3 24.4 21.3 21.0 24.1 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ------- 59.1 36.5 34.6 139.9 44.8 21.6 20.6 125.7 67.4 49.0 44.9 140.1 53.4 29.1 24.7 122.1 Crude-petroleum producing 74.8 73.2 72.2 69.8 67.8 June. .................... 65.0 65.3 July August.................. 62.4 September........ . 61.2 October_________ 60.4 N ovem ber______ 57.6 December............. 58.2 January. ............._ February________ M a r c h ................. April— ................. Average___ 48.9 47.4 46.0 48.6 50.6 49.5 49.5 51.1 52.4 52.4 49.4 42.3 54.9 54.4 51.4 54.9 54.5 54.2 55.4 57.4 56.2 56.8 56.5 57.2 57.2 57.0 56.5 56.8 56.9 58.0 59.5 60.8 66.2 70.6 72.2 75.0 73.2 72.4 72.8 ------- 71.5 70.0 73.2 66.3 64.7 62.7 59.2 ____ 56.3 ____ 55.2 ____ 54.4 ____ 52.0 ........ 54.9 46.5 46.9 43.2 44.5 47.1 44.8 44.6 42.9 41.9 42.5 42.4 41.7 39.9 41.7 42.5 40.1 41.6 40.6 42.2 42.5 44.4 50.1 50.3 53.2 Telephone and telegraph 53.0 50.5 52.5 ........ 90.5 89.2 88.6 88.1 87.4 86.9 86.6 ____ 85.9 ____ 85.0 ____ 84.1 ____ 83.5 ------- 83.1 83.0 82.0 81.7 81.2 80.6 79.9 79.1 78.1 77.4 76.2 75.5 74.8 74.6 73.9 73.2 72.3 70.1 69.2 68.5 68.1 68.3 68.7 68.9 69.4 70.2 69.8 70. 0 ........ 96.3 94.8 97.9 95.0 94.1 95.0 93.3 ........ 92.3 ____ 92.1 ____ 91.6 ____ 89.7 ------- 92.7 89.1 89.6 88.2 83.4 82.8 82.1 79.6 79.1 75.9 75.7 74.3 73.5 71.7 71.9 71.6 67.8 68.5 66.6 66.7 66.1 64.6 67.0 67.7 67.7 69.0 67.9 70.4 ........ ____ ____ ____ ____ ------- 65.7 55.3 62.2 i 72.8 61.7 44.1 44.1 152.0 86.6 79.1 70.4 i 70.0 93.7 81.1 68.2 169.1 1 Average for 3 months. 53142°—34------14 19 T a b le 2 .—IN D E X E S OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S F O R N O N M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S , J A N U A R Y 1931-M ARCH 1934— Continued [12-month average, 1929*100] Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance 2 Power and light M onth Pay rolls Employment Employment Pay rolls 1931 1932 1933 1934 1931 1932 1933 1934 1931 1932 1933 1934 1931 1932 1933 1934 January................. February.............. M arch................... April...................... M a y ...................... June....................... July........................ AUgUSt......... ;........ September............ October_________ N ovem ber............ December............. 99.2 97.8 96.7 97.1 97.6 97.2 96.7 95.9 94.7 92.7 91.3 90.3 89.3 87.2 85.5 84.8 84.0 83.2 82.3 81.5 81.0 79.9 79.1 78.4 77.7 77.4 76.9 76.9 76.9 77.3 77.5 78.1 80.3 82.2 82.6 81.8 82.2 98.6 88.4 73.0 81.2 99.7 86.0 71.6 81.7 102.4 85.4 71.9 97.6 82.4 69.4 98.7 84.2 69.9 98.3 80.5 69.9 97.4 78.7 70.0 96.2 76.7 70.9 94.3 74.7 71.8 93.2 74.4 76.2 ........ 93.3 73.2 74.5 91.2 73.2 74.4 73.8 86.9 79.5 70.6 74.4 86.6 78.9 70.4 75.6 86.4 77.6 69.8 86.8 78.0 69.5 85.9 76.9 69.1 85.3 76.5 69.3 85.6 75.6 69.4 84.8 74.1 69.5 84.0 73.5 69.7 82.7 72.3 70.6 ........ 81.5 71.8 71.0 79.9 71.4 70.8 70.5 85.6 75.4 60.9 71.0 87.1 74.8 60.6 71.7 88.1 73.6 59.4 86.6 71.8 58.1 85.1 72.2 58.2 84.8 70.2 58.0 83.3 66.4 57.4 81.9 63.8 58.2 81.2 62.5 57.8 79.0 61.5 59.8 79.7 61.7 59.4 _____ 77.8 61.9 59.6 59.2 60.1 62.2 ........ Average----- 95.6 83.0 78.8 i 81.7 96.7 79.8 72.0 174.6 84.7 75.5 70.0 171.0 83.4 68.0 58.9 160.5 Retail trade Wholesale trade January................. February________ M arch................... A pril....................M a y ____________ June....................... J u ly ...................... August.................. September______ October______ __ N ovem ber............ December............. Average— 89.5 88.2 87.4 87.4 87.1 87.1 86.8 86.5 86.1 85.2 84.1 83.7 81.8 80.9 79.8 78.9 77.9 77.0 76.6 76.4 77.1 77.8 77.6 77.0 75.3 74.1 73.-4 73.3 74.0 75.7 76.9 79.7 82.1 83.5 83.4 83.3 82.4 87.5 74.1 61.7 83.0 88.4 72.5 58.6 83.6 89.1 7 * 3 57.1 85.2 68.9 56.0 84.7 69.7 57.4 84.1 66.2 57.3 83.3 64.7 59.1 82.1 63.2 60.8 81.4 63.1 62.3 79.9 63.9 66.0 — 79.7 63.3 64.1 77.8 62.6 64.5 63.9 90.0 84.3 76.9 64.6 87.1 80.5 73.4 65.7 87.8 81.4 71.4 90.1 81.6 78.6 89.9 80.9 77.0 89.1 79.4 78.3 : : : : : 83.9 74.6 74.6 81.8 72.6 78.1 86.6 77.8 86.0 89.8 81.3 89.6 90.9 81.7 91.6 _____ 106.2 95.2 105.4 F e b r u a r y '-......... M arch__________ A pril____________ M a y ____________ June__ __________ July......... ............. August__________ September............ October................. N ovem ber............ D ecem b er..-........ Average— 68.8 67.7 69.5 _____ ........ 86.6 78.2 77.9 ‘ 83.0 83.6 67.0 60.4 164.7 89.4 80.9 81.7 »85.2 86.6 69.4 64.3 168.7 Dyeing and cleaning3 Laundries3 .... 84.6 89.4 78.0 62.7 83.8 86.7 73.7 58.4 87.2 87.5 73.4 55.1 88.3 72.7 60.4 88.0 71.1 59.5 87.6 68.2 60.5 83.3 63.3 58.1 80.3 60.7 62.7 83.5 64.6 69.2 84.6 67.1 72.3 ........ 85.4 66.9 72.6 94.1 73.6 80.3 94.3 93.7 93.2 94.3 94.1 94.8 95.6 94.0 93.0 91.8 89.8 88.8 88.2 86.3 85.4 85.4 84.8 84.4 83.6 82.2 81.9 80.7 79.4 79.1 78.6 78.5 77. 5 78.4 76.1 79.2 76.5 76.6 . . . . . 79.2 79.5 ........ 81.1 82.6 81.3 78.4 : : : : : 78.4 90.7 89.6 89; 6 90.9 90.5 91.2 91.5 88.6 88.0 85.6 82.6 81.0 80.0 76.7 75:0 74.7 73.9 71.8 69.4 66.9 65.8 64.1 61.9 61.4 60.7 58.1 55.4 56.6 57.1 59.4 58.7 60.3 63.5 62.5 60.7 61.1 61.7 61.7 62.7 ::::: 82.1 80, 7 •81. 3 88.4 89.3 91.4 91.1 86.4 88.0 87.0 83.2 78.4 75.8 74.4 74.4 76.9 78.0 78.6 76.1 73.4 76.9 76.0 72.0 69.5 67.4 65.6 65.8 74.9 75.7 79.1 76.6 76.8 81.9 81.6 76.1 70.5 68.1 73.7 62.4 44.2 46.8 68.1 71.2 59.0 40.2 46.3 72.4 71.7 58.5 38.9 51.7 81.9 62.5 51.7 82.1 63.8 51.0 84.5 62.4 53.7 ........ 81.8 56.9 50.0 . . . . . 75.9 53.4 50.0 78.3 57.9 57.1 : : : : : 77.2 55.8 57.4 70.8 49.6 52.5 : : : : : 64.4 45.9 47.3 93.1 83.5 78.8 *78.7 88.3 70.1 59.5 162.0 85.6 75.2 74.3 169.5 76.1 57.3 49.5 148.3 Hotels January................ February.............. M arch__________ April ............ M a y ___________ June. _ _________ July_____________ A u g u s t _________ S e p te m b e r-___ October________ N ovem ber. ____ December_______ 95.0 96.8 96.8 95.9 92.5 91.6 93.3 92.8 90.6 87.4 84.9 83.1 83.2 84.3 84.0 82.7 80.1 78.0 78.4 77.6 77.0 75.4 74.3 73.2 73.8 81.5 91.0 73.9 55.7 60.8 73.8 84.8 93.7 73.9 55.9 65.2 72.4 86.4 93.4 72.4 53.5 66.6 71.9 89.9 69.6 51.7 71.9 87.7 67.0 51.8 85.4 63.8 52.3 73.6 85.2 61.8 53.3 75.6 83.8 59.6 54.0 77.1 81.9 59.1 55.6 78.7 79.7 58.6 56.2 77.0 77.1 57.5 55.2 75.8 75.4 56.6 57.6 77.6 Average ____ 91.7 79.0 74.9 184.2 85.4 64.5 54.4 164.2 1 Average for 3 months. 2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 1. 8Indexes revised to cunform with trend shown b y Census of manufactures. 2 0 Employment in Building Construction in March 1934 kHE percentages of change in employment, pay rolls, and manhours in building construction in March, as compared with February, were as follows: Percent Total employment________________ *,__________________________ Total pay rolls_________________________________________________ Total man-hours worked_____________________________________ Average weekly earnings_____________________________________ Average hours per week per man____________________________ Average hourly earnings__________________________________ No +12. 4 +16. 3 +17. 8 +3. 5 +4. 1 change The following table is based on returns made by 11,089 firms engaged in public and private building-construction projects not aided by public-works funds. These reports include all trades, from excavation through painting and interior decoration, which do their share of work in erecting, altering, or repairing buildings. Work on roads, bridges, docks, etc., is omitted. The reports cover building operations in various localities in 34 States and the District of Columbia. In March, 63,059 workers earned a total pay roll of $1,382,858 as compared to a total pay roll of $1,189,200 earned by 56,113 workers employed by the same 11,089 firms in February. In March the average weekly earnings amounted to $21.93 as compared to $21.19 for February. These are per capita weekly earnings, computed by dividing the total amount of the weekly pay roll by the total number of employees— part time as well as full time. Reports from 10,281 firms— 92.7 percent of the 11,089 cooperating firms—gave the man-hours worked by the employees, namely, 1,504,092 in March as compared to 1,276,632 in February. The average hours per week per man were computed by dividing the number of man-hours by the number of workers employed by those firms which reported man-hours. The average hourly earnings were computed by dividing the pay roll of the firms which reported man-hours, by the number of manhours. 21 E M P L O Y M E N T , PA Y ROLLS, A V ER A G E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S, A V ER A G E HO U R S P E R W E E K P E R M A N , A N D A V ER A G E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S IN T H E B U IL D IN G -C O N ST R U C T IO N IN D U S T R Y IN M A R C H 1934, A N D P E R C E N T A G E S OF C H A N G E FR O M F E B R U A R Y 1934 Em ploy ment N um ber of Per Per Per firms N um cent cent cent ber age of re age of age of port on change Amount change Mar. change March ing pay from 1934 from from roll Feb 1934 Feb Feb Mar. ruary ruary ruary 1934 Locality 1934 Average hours per week per man i Average weekly earnings Pay rolls 1934 1934 Average hourly earnings i Per Per cent cent Num age of age of ber ichange Mar. change Mar. from 1934 from 1934 Feb Feb ruary ruary 1934 1934 Cts All localities. ............ 11,089 63,059 +12.4 $1, 382,858 +16.3 $21.93 + 3 .5 27.8 + 4.1 79.0 (2) + 3 .4 14. 88 - 3 .7 25.3 -4 .2 59.3 -0 .5 26, 733 - 2 .7 21.93 15, 625 +14.2 22. 55 8, 399 + 9 .5 .21.93 + 3 .1 -4 .7 + .4 ■(<) (4) W (4) (<) (9 (4) w w (<) (<) (4) + 4 .0 22.12 + .6 (*) 0) (4) 19. 64 + 3 .4 24.8 + .8 79.0 + 2 .1 - 6 .7 + 2 .4 + .3 Alabama: Birmingham.__ 76 California: Los Angeles 3_________ San Francisco-Oakland3 Other localities3.............. 23 1, 219 - 5 .6 27 693 + 19.9 19 383 +9.1 308 + 7 .3 4, 583 + 3 .4 50, 757 Colorado: D enver.............. 228 508 -1 2 .3 9,977 Connecticut: Bridgeport____________ Hartford............................ N ew H aven_________ _ 114 265 175 305 +28.2 674 +11.2 685 + 6 .4 6,965 +26.3 22.84 - 1 . 5 14, 624 +16.2 21.70 + 4 .5 17, 277 +48.4 25. 22 +39.5 31.8 + 6 .7 73.6 31.5 + 4 .3 69.2 33.3 +39.3 76.3 The State_________ 554 1,664 +11.8 38,866 +30.7 23. 36 +16.9 32.3 +18.3 73.0 + •4 Delaware: W ilm ington.__ District of Columbia......... 107 596 +15.7 441 4, 257 + 2 .0 - 6 . 3 63.5 + 3 .2 88.0 -1 .9 -2 .5 The State 3.......... . 69 2,295 Florida: Jacksonville__________ M iam i__________ _____ 54 79 10,179 110, 930 - 9 .3 + 6 .3 17.08 + 2 .8 26.06 - 8 .1 + .8 169 622 + 9 .0 + 5 .6 2, 627 +28.5 15. 54 +17.8 11,901 + 1 .6 19.13 - 3 . 8 25.2 +33.3 61.7 -1 1 .6 + .6 28.0 - 8 . 2 62.7 + 6 .3 14, 528 + 5 .6 18. 37 -.6 27.4 —1.8 62.5 -1 .4 14, 781 +11.1 15. 22 -1 .9 28.5 + 5 .6 54.0 -3 .2 (<) (0 (4) (4) (4) (0 (4) (*) (4) (<) (9 (0 The State.................. 133 791 Georgia: A tlanta___ ____ 152 971 +13.3 Illinois: Chicago 3_____________ Other localities 3.............. 130 1, 682 +14.1 91 758 -1 6 .2 42,929 +31.9 25. 52 +15.6 17,440 -2 3 .7 23. 01 - 8 .9 221 2, 440 60, 369 The State 3_______ Indiana: E vansville____________ Fort W ayne__________ Indianapolis__________ South Bend...................... 63 92 165 40 26.9 28.8 («> + 2 .6 325 +40.1 245 -1 5 .5 664 - 8 .4 177 + 7 .9 + 9 .0 24. 74 + 6 .2 5,833 +66.4 17.95 +18.8 4, 317 -2 1 .9 17. 62 - 7 . 6 12.944 - 9 .9 19. 49 - 1 . 7 3, 74? +13.4 21.15 + 5 ,1 30.8 +19.8 58.0 25.2 - 8 .7 69.6 28.2 + 4 .1 69.2 27.5 + 4 .2 77.1 28.2 + 4 .8 67.2 - 5 .4 + 6 .0 -5 .5 + 7 .3 -3 .9 -3 .7 + .9 + .3 ; 80.8 -.2 360 1,411 (2) 26,837 + .5 99 367 72 222 152 884 112 464 99 255 118 1,117 +71.5 +23.3 + 29.6 - 1 .7 + 3 .7 +23.7 7, 648 3,094 16,165 7, 358 5,001 21,004 +77.3 +12.0 +40.6 + 8 .8 -.7 +33.2 690 3, 857 +12.5 91. 874 +12.6 23. 82 (5) 29.5 Michigan: Detroit___ _________ F lin t_________________ Grand Rapids___ . . . 490 3, 634 +33.9 172 +43.3 56 100 324 +34.4 80, 770 +36.6 22. 23 3, 532 +32.7 20.53 5, 639 +37.8i 17.40i +2.Ci - 7 .7 ’ +2. £i 28.0 - 3 Afe 79.4: + 4 .3 25.1 -1 7.7 ' 76.4: + 5 .1 27.1 +1.£ i 65.0I + 2 .7 The State___ 646 4,130' +34.3 89,941 +36.5i 21.78; + i.e i 27.8: * Averages computed from reports furnished by 10,281 firms. 2 No change. 3 Data supplied by cooperating State bureaus. 4 Data not available. 8 Less than Ho of 1 percent. + .5 25.7 - 3 .4 83.1 23.7 - 2 .5 i 61.7 30.3 + 2.0 i 61.8 27.2 +21.4: 57.4 - . 7 73.1 26.8 28.0 + 8.9 i 64.1 The State_________ Iowa: Des M o in e s______ Kansas: W ich ita._______ Kentucky: Louisville....... Louisiana: N ew Orleans.. Maine: Portland_______ Maryland: B altim ore3. . . Massachusetts: All locali ties 3_________________ ... 19. 02 - 1 .5 + .9 -7 .1 -.9 20.84 + 3 .4 13.94 - 9 .1 18. 29 + 8. 5 15. 86 +10.7 19.61 - 4 .2 18. 80 + 7 .7 - 3 .£ \ 78.3; + 4 .1 22 E M P L O Y M E N T , PA Y ROLLS, A V ER A G E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S, A V ER A G E HO U R S P E R W E E K P E R M A N , A N D A V ER A G E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S IN T H E B U IL D IN G -C O N S T R U C T IO N IN D U S T R Y IN M A RC H 1934, A N D P E R C E N T A G E S OF C H A N G E FR O M F E B R U A R Y 1934—Continued Em ploy ment Locality Minnesota: D uluth_____ M inneapolis.. St. Paul____ The State . Missouri: Kansas C ity ®_ St. Louis.......... The State___ N um ber of Per Per Per firms N um cent cent cent ber age of re age of age of port on change Amount change Mar. change March ing pay from 1934 from from 1934 roll Feb Feb Feb Mar. ruary ruary ruary 1934 1934 1934 1934 52 231 177 913 3,974 The State _ Oklahoma: Oklahoma C ity . T u l s a ................. The State. + 1.1 76.4 -1.9 -3 .0 + 5 .2 87.0 (2) + 6 .0 101.4 - 1 .2 + .1 26.7 28.3 28.4 319 4,767 +31.4 234 3, 663 + 6 .2 145,020 +46. 30. 42 +11.1 81,153 +14.5 22.15 +7.1 27.6 27. + 9 .5 110.3 + 7 .8 79.8 + 2 .3 553 8,430 +19.1 226,173 +33.3 26.83 +12.0 27.7 + 8 .6 97.0 + 3 .3 + 3 .8 -8 .5 52 303 +25.7 91 239 +10.1 460 1,446 +15.5 636 1, 743 +21.0 125 370 +19.0 73 191 +16.5 1,385 +17. 4,809 +18.: 4,150 32, 710 44, 203 6,728 3, 620 + 9 .2 +16.1 7,854 2,902 155 665 +11.0 10,756 697 12, 652 + 9 .9 + 6 .6 26 447 3,311 +12.7 240 1,440 +17.0 41 233 + 6 .4 130 +12.1 33 2,153 +3. ~ 1,052 83 +4. 131 - 9 . 0 229 + 5 .0 538 +18.0 648 +38.5 250 1,546 +20.2 3, 458 63,360 35,183 4, 224 2,740 39, 461 22.92 - 1 .1 + 2 .8 + .3 24. - 7 . 1 69.7 + 1 .9 26.6 +2. 85.0 - 6 . 6 ’24.6 - 4 . 7 103.4 + 3 .0 27.1 +14.3 69.0 -1 0 .6 -.6 23.8 +20.2 79.6 25.6 +. 90.0 -2 .1 16.19 -1 0 .9 16.12 - 5 .5 24.7 -1 0 . 8 65.6 25.8 + 1 .2 64.3 16.17 -9 .6 25.0 65.2 -2 .5 - 1 .5 18.15 -10.5 24.4 -5 .4 74.7 -5 .1 - 2 .6 +9. + .4 +29.4 19.14 + 4 .0 24. 43 + 5 .4 18.13 +14.1 21.08 - 9 . 4 - 1 . 6 18. 33 - 5 . 2 +38.0 +17.3 +23.4 +21.4 + 1 .5 148, 426 +13.0 19. 39 + 2 .5 21,496 +12. i 20. 43 + 7 .5 1, 962 - 9 . 3 14. 98 -.3 3, 524 +26.1 15. 39 + 20.0 8, 734 +41.4 16. 23 +19.9 9, 525 +29.7 14. 70 - 6 . 3 23, 745 + 3 .7 -5 .5 17.36 - 5 . 3 +4. -4 .0 -.4 +20.5 25. 36 +19.0 18.18 (2) 18.95 +19.2 +38. 91,411 +16.1 104 51 15.87 +10.8 22. 62 +28.5 15. 36 1 Average computed from reports furnished by 10,281 firms. 2 N o change. 3 Data supplied by cooperating State bureaus. 6 Includes both Kansas City, M o., and Kansas City, Kans. 7 Includes Covington and Newport, Ky. * Each separate area includes from 2 to 8 counties. (2) -1 .8 -1.1 - 2 .5 The State_________ 1,095 7, 656 +10.3 The State . Cts 27.4 +13.7 70.8 28.0 + 4 .5 75.8 29.9 - 2 . 9 78.7 + 1 .4 21.83 31,753 + 9 .8 21.6 71,816 +10.9 + 8 .1 Per Per cent cent N um age of age of ber change Mar. change Mar. from 1934 from 1934 Feb Feb ruary ruary 1934 1934 + 2 .2 Rhode Island: Providence Tennessee: Chattanooga. Knoxville___ M em phis....... N ashville___ 40, 649 Average hourly earnings 1 -7.7 Oregon: Portland. Pennsylvania: 8 Erie area3_________ Philadelphia area 3_ _ Pittsburgh area 3--------Reading-Lebanon area3Scranton area 3_____ Other areas 3_......... . $4, 450 +55.4 519.18 +12.6 19. 399 +16.0 21.13 + 3 .2 16, 800 -1 8 .0 23. 60 - 3 .2 Average hours per week per man i +10. 5 N ew York: N ew York C ity 3. Other localities 3_. Ohio: Akron______ Cincinnati 7_. Cleveland___ D ayton_____ Youngstown _ + 2 .0 294 1,464 + 13.2 619 2, 510 + 5 .4 157 N orth Carolina: Char lotte.................................. 232 +38.1 918 +12.4 712 -1 5 .2 460 1, 862 Nebraska: Omaha. The State 3 Average weekly earnings Pay rolls + 6 .9 11.8 +15.7 67.3 + 3 .7 28.4 + 6 .0 67.6 - 2 . 9 27.3 +3. 90. + 1 .1 27.5 +11.3 65.8 + 2 .0 29.0 + 7 .4 73.9 -1 4 .1 - 1 . ' 67.1 - 2 . 3 26. 26.9 + 3 .9 71.9 26.4 28.1 + 8 .9 29. +11. ■ 27.7 + 1 .5 28.4 -1 .4 -2 .4 +10.6 53.9 (2) 55.4 + 10.8 53.9 + 6 .9 52.1 - 7 . 3 + 6 .4 53.4 + 1 .1 23 E M P L O Y M E N T , P A Y R O L L S , A V E R A G E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S , A V E R A G E H O U R S P E R W E E K P E R M A N , A N D A V E R A G E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S IN T H E B U IL D IN G -C O N S T R U C T IO N IN D U S T R Y IN M A R C H 1934, A N D P E R C E N T A G E S OF C H A N G E F R O M F E B R U A R Y 1934—Continued ! E m ploy ment Locality Pay rolls Average hours per week per m an1 Average hourly earnings N um ber of Per Per Per Per firms N um cent cent cent cent ber age of re age of N um age of age of on Am ount port change March change M ar. change ber change M ar. pay from ing from 1934 from Mar. from 1934 1934 roll Feb Feb Feb 1934 Feb Mar. ruary ruary ruary ruary 1934 1934 1934 1934 1934 Texas: Dallas_________________ El Paso_______________ H ouston_______________ San A ntonio____ ;______ The State_________ 199 24 192 127 619 + 7 .8 116 +12.6 938 + 6 .2 640 +65.4 542 2, 313 +18.8 Utah: Salt Lake C ity ___ 90 156 + 3 .3 Virginia: Norfolk-Portsmouth___ R ichm ond_____________ 88 136 447 639 - 4 .1 + 1.1 224 1,086 - 1 .1 The State__________ Washington: Seattle_________________ Spokane__________ ____ T a com a ._______________ The State_________ W est Virginia: W heeling. Wisconsin: All localities 3_ $9,316 +13.6 1,848 +14.6 16, 214 +18.0 11,110 +122.1 5 5 3 6 4 — 3 4 -------- 4 $15.05 + 5 .3 15.93 + 1 .7 17. 29 +11.1 17. 36 +34.3 38,488 + 34.7 16.64 +13.4 2,812 +12.4 18.03 Per cent age o f change from F eb ruary 1934 Cts. 27.3 + 7 .5 53.7 —4.3 26. 5 + 6 .4 59.0 —4.1 28.0 +14.3 61.7 —3.0 27.1 + 18.3 63.8 + 13 .1 27.4 + 11 .8 60.0 + .5 + 8 .8 24.2 + 7 .1 73.6 -1 .3 8,574 12,682 + 8 .2 19.18 + 12.8 + 8 .0 19.85 + 6 .8 28.3 31.0 + 7 .2 67.3 64.7 (2) + 4 .8 + 3 .4 21,256 + 8 .1 19. 57 29.8 + 3 .8 65.8 + 3 .9 26.0 + 1 5 .0 78.1 + 9 .3 744 + 47.0 334 +118.3 257 -1 4 .0 15,101 +60.4 20.30 + 9 .1 7, 644 +204.4 22.89 +39.5 5,204 —9.8 20.25 + 5 .0 32.3 +49.5 71.8 23.7 + 2 .6 85.1 —5.1 —6 .4 + 1 .9 320 1,335 + 39.4 27,949 +57.9 20.94 + 13.4 27.1 +19.9 77.4 - 5 .4 91 684 1,671 + 6 .5 18.36 - 1 . 7 10,171 -1 9 .7 14.87 -2 5 .2 27.1 - 5 .2 169 58 93 49 57 + 8 .3 + 7 .4 1 Averages com puted from reports furnished b y 10,281 firms. 2 N o change. s Data supplied b y cooperating State bureaus. 4 Data not available. Average weekly earnings (*) + 5 .0 (*) 68.9 (*) 24 Trend of Employment in March 1934, by States LUCTUATIONS in employment and pay-roll totals in March 1934, as compared with February 1934, in certain industrial groups are shown by States in the table following. These tabulations have been prepared from data secured directly from reporting estab lishments and from information supplied by cooperating State agen cies. The combined total of all groups does not include buildingconstruction data, information concerning which is shown by city and State totals under the section “ Building construction.” In addition to the combined total of all groups, the trend of employment and pay rolls in the manufacturing, public utility, hotel, wholesale trade, retail trade, bituminous-coal mining, crude-petroleum produc ing, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, metalliferous mining, laundry, and dyeing and cleaning groups is presented. In this State compila tion, the totals of the telephone and telegraph, power and light, and electric-railroad operation groups have been combined and are pre sented as one group— public utilities. The percentages of change shown in the accompanying table, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted; that is, the industries included in the groups, and the groups comprising the total of all groups, have not been weighted according to their relative importance in the com bined totals. The State totals for the anthracite-mining industry, which is con fined entirely to the State of Pennsylvania, will be found in table 1, nonmanufacturing industries. When the identity of any reporting company would be disclosed by the publication of a State total for any industrial group, figures for the group do not appear in the separate industrial-group tabulation, but are included in the State totals for “ all groups.” Data are not presented for any industrial group when the representation in the State covers less than three establishments. F 25 C O M P A R IS O N OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN I D E N T IC A L E S T A B L IS H M E N T S IN F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934, B Y S T A T E S [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperative State organizations] Total, all groups State A la b a m a .____ __ Arizona. ___ __ _ Arkansas. ________ C a liforn ia .______ C o lo r a d o ..______ Connecticut______ Delaware___ _____ District of Co lumbia ____ __ Florida__________ Georgia_________ Id a h o .. - _______ Illinois __________ Ind iana.. . . . . _ I o w a . ______ ____ K ansas... ______ K entucky______ _ Louisiana. _______ M aine___ ________ M a r y la n d .._____ Massachusetts___ N um N um ber of ber on estab pay roll lish March ments 1934 Per cent Amount of age of pay roll change (1 week) from March Feb 1934 ruary 1934 Manufacturing Per cent age of change from Feb ruary 1934 557 393 i 688 70,838 9, 652 + 2 .4 + 1 .0 $953,835 192,872 26,429 2 1,916 265,551 + 2.2 32, 313 -. 1 671, 769 + 4.7 290 18,144 1,091 150,269 856 + 4- 9 378,241 6, 429,509 + 2 .7 147 1,162 166,171 164 10, 467 + 3.1 + 1 .8 3, 290, 504 221, 833 + 5 .4 + .3 606 32, 915 701 34, 013 1, 043 102, 008 + 4 .5 - 1 .7 + 5 .2 746,853 547, 727 1, 413, 989 + 5 .0 + .4 + 5 .1 + 3 .5 + 4 .8 + 2 .4 114, 716 7, 619,285 2, 777, 628 870, 098 +6. 9 + 2.4 208 5,856 3 2,382 353, 048 1,315 139,390 1,064 45, 587 + 0 .7 + 1 .9 +• 6 + 3.9 + 8 .7 + 3 .8 + 6 .3 -.6 49 153 317 2, 390 16, 357 83,039 67, 661 + 3 .6 223, 421 - 2 .6 + 6 .2 1, 046, 210 + .6 - 4 .1 + 5 .8 33 1,566 - 2.1 493 28, 560 231 208 232 27,822 22, 642 42, 111 671 76,223 New Y ork .......... . North Carolina___ North Dakota Ohio. _________ . Oklahoma___ ____ 7, 671 567, 366 895 136,080 282 4, 071 5, 218 447, 961 859 31,141 680 878 437 177 + 1 .9 + 1 .5 + 7 .3 + 1 .7 - 2 .2 7726 21 + 3 .5 159 + 2 .0 224, 644 5,542 688,852 + 1 .4 + 3 .3 + 8 .1 8,140 + 1.2 -1 1 .7 + 3.8 8, 877,989 + 6.7 + 1 .6 1, 685,917 18,162 + 2 .4 + 4 .7 6, 915, 308 + 3 .7 191, 253 + 3 .0 + 2 .5 + 8 .4 + 3 .8 294,984 + 6.0 + 5 .6 + 2 .5 -.7 887, 787 757,959 40, 200 + 6 .2 + 2 .6 + .4 53, 203 + 4 .3 793, 479 + 7 .3 + .3 900,553 + 2.2 3, 699 6,150 65, 743 - 3 .8 65, 757 114, 704 + 3.1 + 3 .6 1, 035,141 -.3 + 6 .0 + 5 .6 + 3 .9 + 3 .6 + 6 .2 + 4 .6 + 1.3 1, 616,370 + 1.0 412 - 3 .7 + 2 .8 + 2 .9 238, 782 199, 282 1, 472, 773 - 3 .8 + 5 .2 + 5 .5 105 131 407 1,068 51, 607 841 123, 308 + 3 .5 + 2 .9 1,118, 650 2, 509, 506 + 4. 7 + 7 .2 276 170 + 1.4 2 , 930,825 + 4.6 777 124,177 27 + 3 .2 + 1 .8 n+ 4 .3 + 2.9 7, 295,675 12, 221 10, 676 88, 031 + 2 .1 + 3.1 + 15.7 + 1 .3 15, 291 72, 066 281 + .2 + 4 .6 + 7 .6 +• 5 s + 6.0 49, 926 60, 334 2,034 76, 035 134, 931 -.9 1,750 391,781 251 180 45 + 4. 6 + 1.5 4 , 326, 892 541 771 -.7 + 3.5 1, 447,148 + 1.5 3 , 996,094 + 12.3 10, 455, 477 205,918 336 398 1,260 5, 761 -. 5 +• 4 + 1 .3 + 5 .0 804 174 478,015 318, 602 718, 298 10, 648 235 39, 544 + 5 .6 + 9 .8 + 4 .4 + 2 .8 + 1 .3 9 1,054 153,142 594, 062 122 19 203 + 1 .2 577,101 + 3 .3 15, 286, 621 + 4 .7 1,188, 422 831,019 + 2 .8 133, 380 + .4 + 6 .3 + .2 + 3 .5 + 4 .3 1 644, 651 + 2 .7 + 3 .0 76,959 + 3 .4 1, 285,902 55, 061 - 1 .1 62, 591 65,163 5, 607 1,126,809 +10.9 + 6 .8 31, 987 6, 428 65, 614 2, 615 + 4 .6 8 1, 855 379,515 552 129,471 + 3.1 59 907 - 2 .3 + 7.1 1,924 328,019 155 10, 704 + 3 .8 26,919 +17.2 324 77 519 56 + 3 .2 13, 962,429 + 1 .8 1, 787,804 - 1 .9 79,173 + 4 .2 9, 506, 478 612, 759 + .7 5, 009 695, 393 + 9 .2 + 2. 4 . 1,135 203,835 1,139 426,783 29, 844 + 5 .8 2,147, 606 482,812 + 3 .6 + 3.3 4, 433,939 602 108, 538 412 25, 424 + 7 .6 + 4.1 + .5 + 3.5 478, 629 39,005 789, 418 4, 794, 353 87,182 + .6 1,214 219,636 1, 326,828 566, 886 847, 093 733 22, 608 _(6) 137 1, 563 + .6 520 44,164 + 4 .6 1,555 214, 550 + 1 .3 197 5, 046 + .1 + 6.5 + 5 .3 1, 502,018 2, 072,026 8, 222,617 + 3 .2 +16.3 +• 1 + 3. 4 2, 747, 583 144, 233 + 1 .7 -.3 + 2.4 + 1.6 228,355 + 2.4 + 8.0 3 , 435,373 681 145,562 57 7, 343 + 3 .6 + 2 .5 +• 1 1 381 104, 520 $668,800 •40. 533 238, 353 73, 335 35, 213 48, 022 < 7 , 937 384,383 + 3 .0 +11.8 11, 535 69, 756 Nebraska________ N evada. . _ ____ New Hampshire - _ N ew Jersey__ __ New M exico_____ W ashington______ West Virginia____ Wisconsin________ W yom ing________ 51, 252 2,147 930 489 567 1, 688 406,614 +10.8 10, 092, 635 +15.9 1,091 69, 645 + 3 .2 1, 447,957 + 1 - 7 369 10, 216 + 2 .5 138, 496 + 4 .2 1,238 119, 001 + 2 .6 2, 468,090 + 3 .8 868 10,455 + .3 253,863 + 3 .9 Tennessee-........... Texas__________ . U t a h ______ _____ Verm ont_________ Virginia__________ 228 43 4 1,987 M ichigan________ M innesota___ __ Mississippi_______ M i s s o u r i ..______ M o n t a n a ...___ _ Oregon___________ Pennsylvania____ Rhode Island____ South Carolina___ South Dakota____ Per Per N um N um cent Am ount cent age of age of ber of ber on of pay roll (1 week) change estab pay roll change from from March lish March F eb Feb 1934 1934 ments ruary ruary 1934 1934 44 ,036 26,982 46,066 1,292 5 551, 894 907,990 + 1.0 2, 340,631 + 3 .9 +5. 2 33, 752 5 + 6.4 + 2 .9 1 Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone. 2 Includes banks, insurance, and office employment. 3 Includes building and contracting. i Includes construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment, amusement and recreation, professional, and transportation services. 5 Weighted percent of change. 6 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 7 Includes laundries. 8 Includes laundering and cleaning, food, canning, and preserving omitted. 9 Includes construction but does not include hotels and restaurants, and public works. 26 C O M P A R IS O N OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN ID E N T IC A L E S T A B L IS H M E N T S IN F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934, B Y S T A T E S —Continued [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperative State organizations] Retail trade Wholesale trade State N um N um ber of ber on estab pay roll lish March 1934 ments Per cent Amount of age of pay roll change (1 week) from March Feb 1934 ruary 1934 Per Per cent Amount cent N um N um age of of pay roll age of ber of ber on (1 week) change estab pay roll change from from March lish March Feb Feb 1934 1934 ments ruary ruary 1934 1934 68 176 167 122 280 2,518 1,831 2,076 25,628 4,505 + 12.2 + 3 .7 + 2.1 + 4•1 -.8 $42,114 28,908 86,986 544,052 90,151 +11.4 + 5 .1 + 4 .9 + 5 .6 + 1 .5 + 1 .8 + 1 .3 124 37 4,653 631 + 3 .4 + .3 92,584 12, 735 + 1 .6 -3 .5 + 3. 5 -1 .0 + 3 .6 391 98 371 11,978 2,903 5,054 + 5 .6 -.8 + 1 .2 243,051 53,636 81,292 + 4 .8 _(6) + 2 .3 3,817 +11.4 96,589 +• 4 40,320 + 2 .1 28,434 + 1 .4 -.7 64,751 39 485 190 118 822 393 80,781 6,406 3,378 8,476 + 2 .9 + 1.1 + 3 .5 + 1 .3 + 2 .8 6,789 619,208 115,117 59,680 158,941 + 4 .0 +. 9 + 4 .8 + .8 + 2 .0 + 2 .8 + 4 .2 + 1 .9 -.1 + .1 83 40 65 418 4,114 3,622 2,488 951 12,877 64,625 + 8 .5 61,470 39, 321 + 2 .0 17,252 + 4 .0 229,407 +4-1 + .9 1,263,991 +10.3 + 1 .3 -4 .2 + .9 -.2 51,455 133,026 2,860 133,474 7,097 + 1 .6 -3 .3 + 8 .4 + .8 - 6 .1 152 252 30 134 83 15,750 9,184 416 10,523 907 + 7 .8 + 15.3 + 4 .8 + 4 .9 + 3 .2 308,605 140,204 4,530 192,899 18,060 + 10.4 + 6 .6 + 8 .2 + 5 .6 + .9 -.8 +. 9 (10) + .2 + 1 .2 21,767 3,366 4,538 14,872 3,057 + 4 .6 + 2 .1 -.4 +. 4 + 7 .4 188 41 73 420 48 2,014 230 913 8,761 271 -2 .8 -4 .2 + 3 .3 + 2 .2 + .4 37,489 5,366 14,327 191,017 5,546 + 2.1 - 2 .4 -.7 + 1 .9 + 3 .9 9,540 167 198 5,155 1,077 + .6 -1 .2 -5 .3 -.3 + .6 279,126 3,826 4,908 131,010 25,913 + .4 -.9 +. 1 + 1 .4 + 5 .2 3,846 161 13 1,788 164 80,148 1,255 276 40,071 2,819 + 5 .8 1,773,213 + 6 .4 16,588 4, 212 + 1 .1 + 6 .3 713,695 + 1 .0 55,896 + 2 .3 + 3 .3 + 4 .2 + 4 .7 + 5 .2 1,106 3,508 885 234 98 + 2 .8 + .5 +. 9 (10) + 1 .0 28,929 94, 016 22,500 5,477 2,259 + 4 .5 + 2 .3 -1 .3 + 3 .1 -4 .2 184 378 471 116 10 2,192 31,678 5,613 1,283 49 + 1 .5 + 6 .6 + .1 +• 5 (10) 44,152 586,416 106,351 14,626 719 + 5 .5 + 3 .8 -1 .2 -1 .4 + 1 .8 765 467 120 1,122 + .9 + .7 + 1 .7 + 2 .6 - 2 .0 15,487 + 2. 5 84,891 + 1.8 12,179 +10.9 2,679 - 1 . 2 27, 394 + 3 .1 63 80 68 38 480 3,877 7,770 542 436 5,766 + 4 .4 + 2 .5 -2 .5 + 6 .6 + 5 .5 63, 607 128,141 12, 202 6,961 96,529 + 3 .5 -8 .0 + .1 + 2 .4 + 4 .7 2,084 588 2,289 61 + 1 .9 +. 3 + (6) + 1 .7 56,524 14,206 49,178 1,717 323 52 58 15 5,974 901 9,599 138 + 5 .1 - 2 .5 -.9 -1 .4 110,440 15,906 188,029 3,281 + 3 .1 + .3 + .6 -3 .4 $18,653 +11.4 4,827 +. 6 27,862 + 2.7 170,227 + 8 .7 22,388 -.8 Alabama................. Arizona................... Arkansas......... ....... California........ ....... Colorado—............. 15 19 64 111 26 623 191 1,187 5,927 796 - 1 .0 + 3 .2 +• 4 +• 4 -1 .4 Connecticut........... Delaware............ District of Colum bia.................... Florida.................... Georgia................... 52 8 997 131 + .8 + 7 .4 29,365 2,584 35 82 34 911 1,385 655 -.7 + .1 + 4 .5 27,413 31,510 17,189 Idaho....................... Illinois..................... Indiana................... Iow a........................ Kansas.................... 11 119 76 37 171 141 8,780 1,739 1,161 2,851 + 5 .2 + .7 + 1 .1 + .3 -.9 K entucky............. . Louisiana............... M a i n e ................... M aryland............. _ Massachusetts------ 24 28 19 181 778 514 752 465 2,881 15,251 + 2 .4 +. 9 + 2 .6 + .5 + .1 10, 271 17,336 10,889 68,968 895,175 M ichigan................ M innesota_______ Mississippi............. M issouri................. M ontana................ 67 78 5 61 15 1,906 5,190 144 5,051 243 + 1 .4 -1 .6 + 7 .5 + 1 .3 -2 .8 Nebraska................ N evada................... N ew H am pshire.. N ew Jersey............ N ew M exico.......... 33 7 14 21 6 856 108 168 549 87 N ew Y ork .............. N orth Carolina. __ N orth Dakota....... O h io........................ Oklahoma............... 267 14 13 232 53 Oregon.................... Pennsylvania........ R hode Island........ South Carolina___ South Dakota........ 45 130 39 16 8 Tennessee............... Texas....................... U tah........................ Verm ont................. Virginia.................. 35 182 14 5 44 Washington........... W est Virginia........ W isconsin.............. W yom in g-............. 96 29 47 8 8,442 • Less than Mo of 1 percent. Per cent age of change from Feb ruary 1934 + 3 .7 + 3 .4 -1 .4 + 2 .4 i° N o change. 27 C O M P A R IS O N OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN I D E N T IC A L E S T A B L IS H M E N T S IN F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934, B Y S T A T E S — Continued [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperative State organizations] Quarrying and nonmetallic mining State N um N um ber of ber on estab pay roll lish March 1934 ments Per cent Amount of age of pay roll change (1 week) from M arch Feb 1934 ruary 1934 Per cent age of change from Feb ruary 1934 625 - 2 .6 $7,222 + 3 .6 43 + 2 .4 588 - 9 .0 232 + 5 A.0 rkansas... 3,034 +12.2 1, 012 - 2 .0 20,985 + 5 .9 16 +14.3 240 +34.8 Alabama___ _____ Arizona____ ______ ........... California________ Colorado_________ 16 3 9 51 4 Connecticut______ Delaware_________ Dist. of Columbia Florida..... ........... Georgia................... 18 3 158 +10.5 62 +93.8 16 25 787 +13.6 1,357 + 3 .4 9,802 13,328 Idaho............. ......... Illinois___________ Indiana__________ Iow a____ ________ K ansas... . ___ 23 70 28 86 557 - 3 .0 1, 216 + 2 .4 369 + 11.8 1,381 + 3 .7 9,182 —5.2 17,937 +11.3 5, 380 +14.9 24, 997 + 5 .3 Kentucky............... Louisiana............. . M aine....... ............ . M arylan d.......... Massachusetts___ 37 6 7 u 20 894 + 6 .9 427 - 4 .3 37 +184. 6 239 +4- 8 275 +14.1 9, 571 + 7 .5 5,481 —5.1 745 +67.0 2,953 —.9 5,731 +25.7 M ichigan............ . M innesota. ........... Mississippi—.......... Missouri_________ M ontana______ 47 26 9 43 8 1,148 +25.2 192 -3 0 .9 199 - 3 .9 824 + 6 .3 45 + 2 .3 17,801 +26.6 3,287 -2 0 .2 2,624 + 3 .5 11,428 + 4 .7 791 +41.3 Nebraska________ N e va d a .......... New Hampshire. _ New Jersey_____ _____ 10 77 +20.3 864 +20.5 N ew Y o r k .......... . North Carolina___ North Dakota____ Ohio____________ Oklahoma_______ 11 36 Per Per cent Amount cent N um N um age of age of of pay roll change ber of ber on (1 week) estab pay roll change from March lish March from Feb Feb 1934 1934 ments ruary ruary 1934 1934 9 21 3 38 14 1,430 2,448 380 1,864 1,085 + 1 .6 +. 9 (10) —5.9 + 3 .4 $21, 644 59,489 5,737 44,156 29,000 -0 .7 + 2 .2 +11.8 -8 .5 + 3 .6 8 2,030 -. 1 44,068 + 2 .2 17 862 -2 8 .8 15,662 -2 0 .9 33 26 3,171 981 + 1 .8 - 3 .3 46,084 19,361 + .4 + 9 .0 14 17 1,674 2, 582 - 2 .6 + 2 .4 19,199 72,088 - 1 6 .3 -.3 12 356 + 3 .2 9,427 + 3 .8 3 5 16 916 (10) + 1 .0 319 17,172 + 4 .9 -1 .2 30 1,078 -1 4 .7 16, 348 -1 0 .4 5 63 - 1 .6 1,453 + 6 .9 4 275 - 2 .1 5,076 -1 0 .4 10 1,989 —. 1 41,802 + 1 .8 118 + 7 .3 2,387 + 4 .6 + .9 4,623 + 2 .9 2,092 -1 4 .4 936 +65.4 + 7 .0 + 8 .9 1,984 +168.1 103 +77. 6 466 + 4 .7 8, 779 +16.4 New M exico 83 14 1,656 +25.5 481 +30.7 32, 501 +22.8 6, 218 +54.2 148 16 3,096 +11.0 161 - 6 .9 45, 578 +16.1 1,584 -1 2 .8 Oregon__________ Pennsylvania____ Rhode Island____ South Carolina___ South D akota.. 4 160 52 +116.7 3,878 + 9 .5 1,278 +154. 6 55, 771 +15.1 4 5 107 - 3 .6 207 + 75.4 1,098 + 4 .6 2,310 +36.0 Tennessee........... . Texas_____ ______ U ta h ............. ......... V erm ont.............. Virginia—. ............. 23 21 7 37 30 1,126 - 2 .3 1,426 +28.6 99 + 3 .1 1,992 + 1. 9 732 -3 1 .3 14,611 - 6 .4 25,922 +36.5 1, 696 —.8 35, 933 + 8 .1 -.4 8, 349 W ashington......... . West Virginia........ W iscon sin ............. W yom ing............... 15 20 n 525 + 78.0 768 + 9 .7 151 + 9 .4 8, 586 +69.9 9,835 +26.8 2,602 +14-7 Metalliferous mining 1° N o change. 3 (n) 213 ii N ot available. 28 C O M P A R IS O N OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN ID E N T IC A L E S T A B L IS H M E N T S IN F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934, B Y S T A T E S —Continued [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Bituminous-coal mining State N um N um ber of ber on estab pay roll March lish 1934 ments Alabama_________ Arizona__________ Arkansas _______ Colorado_________ 56 5 51 9,638 Per cent of age of Amount pay roll change (1 week) from March Feb 1934 ruary 1934 - 2 .9 Crude-petroleum producing Per cent age of change from Feb ruary 1934 Per Per cent Amount cent N um N um ber of ber on age of of pay roll age of estab pay roll change (1 week) change from lish March from M arch Feb Feb ments 1934 1934 ruary ruary 1934 1934 $121,124 -1 6 .4 21 -8 6 .1 258 -9 1 .3 California. 4, 632 - 3 .9 72, 543 - 3 .8 9 40 512 8,907 + 3 .2 -.7 $12, 025 273, 731 + 4 .2 + 2 .6 349 + 4 .8 Connecticut______ Delaware________ District of Colum bia_____________ Florida___________ Georgia_____ ____ Idaho...................... Illinois ________.i__ Indiana____ _____ I o w a . . ____ ____ Kansas__________ —1.5 + 2 .5 —3. 6 —1.8 170,300 135,655 32, 618 27, 964 —2.6 + .2 —1. 3 -4 .3 4 23 538,144 +12.1 4 9 234 265 + 2 .6 - 7 .7 3,533 6,094 + 9 .9 - 1 5 .1 4 34 +25.9 719 +17.3 24 8,685 6,136 2,007 1,701 K entucky________ Louisiana________ M aine___________ M aryland________ M assachusetts___ 149 28,872 -4 .0 16 1,636 +2.1 29,842 + 8 .8 M ichigan________ M innesota_______ Mississippi_______ Missouri_________ M ontana_________ 3 801 - 1 .5 19, 012 + 6 .6 21 11 1,887 849 —2. 2 -5 .4 28, 320 16,416 + 7 .8 - 4 .9 Nebraska________ N evada.... ............ . New Hampshire New Jersey______ New M exico_____ 14 1,808 -.3 28,603 - 7 .3 New Y o rk ______ N orth Carolina N orth D akota____ Ohio_____________ Oklahoma________ Oregon_____ _____ Pennsylvania____ R hode Island South Carolina South Dakota____ 35 52 23 8 80 20 459 (10) 5 64 +12.3 1, 520 + 8 .2 3 84 - 2 .3 2,002 + .3 605 —14. 2 14,105 + 1 .4 729 -1 5 .7 10,088 —25. 6 307, 640 + 6 .6 9, 275 -1 2 .6 6 58 61 5, 587 + 1 .7 + 1 .6 796 129, 608 + 8 .0 + 7 .1 + 4. 6 1, 450,646 +14.3 19 914 + 4 .3 20, 544 + .5 52,772 +10.9 5, 351 -1 2 .5 34, 015 -2 7 .0 3 6,441 -.1 199,223 -6 .5 73, 220 Tennessee Texas............. _ __ Utah Vermont Virginia 22 5 16 3,194 + 2 .4 -.6 357 1,944 -1 5 .4 23 4, 240 + 2 .4 78, 816 + 8 .9 Washington West Virginia____ Wisconsin W yom ing______ __ 11 343 1, 348 65,904 —2. 0 + 2 .7 26, 662 1, 349, 488 —6.7 + 9 .4 8 386 -.8 8, 667 + 9 .9 32: 3,193 - 2 .5 71, 595 + 1.1 7 149' - 3 .2 4, 257 + 4 .3 i° N o change. 29 C O M P A R IS O N OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN ID E N T IC A L E S T A B L IS H M E N T S IN F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934, B Y S T A T E S —C ontinued I Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperative State organizations] Public utilities State Alabama................. Arizona................... Arkansas................. California............... Colorado................. Connecticut........... Delaware. ............. District of Co lumbia................. Florida.................... G eorgia.................. Idaho...................... Illinois..................... Indiana................. . Iow a........................ Kansas.................... N um N um ber of ber on estab pay roll March lish 1934 ments 89 67 86 46 Per cent A mount of age of p a yroll change (1 week) from March Feb 1934 ruary 1934 Per cent age of change from Feb ruary 1934 Per Per cent cent Amount N um N um age of age of ber of ber on change of pay roll change (1 week) estab pay roll from from March lish M arch Feb Feb 1934 ments 1934 ruary ruary 1934 1934 25 22 1,269 941 + .2 + 2 .1 $11,146 12,107 + 2 .3 +•'2 + 8 .1 -(•) 46,602 1,203,820 + 1 .8 + 8 .8 41 180 1,189 10,061 + 1 8 .7 + 8 .2 10,428 154,551 -.4 138,816 + 4 .5 57 1,438 + 7 .9 18,395 + 9 .8 + 1 .6 + .9 298,664 31,164 +1. 6 + 2 .8 29 6 1,234 290 (10) + 3 .2 15,589 3,851 + .6 + .2 249,835 + 7 .6 125,214 +10.6 178,778 + 3 .4 45 112 26 4,741 5,928 1,431 + 8 .1 -5 .4 + 5 .5 69,542 69,515 12,419 + 7 .1 -.3 + 7 .5 + 2 .7 4, 542 + 4 .3 -2 .4 198,178 1,727 -.7 1,411 -1 5 .6 2,155 42,898 Hotels 198 5,447 132 28 9,656 1,080 -.3 + .1 21 185 186 8,912 4,691 6,601 + 3 .1 + 2 .3 + ( 6) $38,168 + 5 .6 34,128 -1 2 .9 56 797 + 5 .1 15,876 + 8 .3 23 387 81 71,622 + 5 .0 -1 .6 216,652 185,524 + .6 -.6 12144 12,790 8,911 8,084 + 1 .8 +• 4 1,975,799 133 322 79 66 3,022 2,722 + 1 .8 +12.6 32,155 24,048 - 4 .1 +. 5 + 3 .9 13 166 5,752 + .5 129,144 - .7 85 811 -.2 8,470 + 2 .8 K entucky............... Louisiana............... M aine. ................... M aryland............... Massachusetts___ 289 146 170 6,216 5,382 2,793 + .7 + .7 -.5 145,851 135,236 73,278 + 3 .9 + 1 .7 + .7 36 25 21 2,084 2,242 680 + .9 -3 .8 + .3 20,728 24,350 8,802 + 2 .6 -8 .5 + .6 S3 m 8,669 46,537 + .S + 1 .6 255,674 1,871,129 + 2 .8 + 8 .4 21 79 664 5 ,4H + 2 .6 -.5 8,501 76,511 +14 + 1 .1 M ichigan........ ....... M innesota.............. Mississippi............. M is s o u r i...._____ M ontana................. 418 192 190 173 100 23,511 11,999 1,707 19,637 1,962 + 1 .6 _(6) - 2 .8 +. 9 (10) 703,323 +1.4 313,694 -.6 36,871 + 8 .3 534,530 + 4 .9 61,479 +17.9 100 80 22 91 29 4,980 3,545 633 5,160 462 + .6 + 1 .1 +11.8 + 2 .0 + 4 .3 64,065 43,210 4,945 63,736 6,248 + 6 .2 + 2 .1 + 4 .2 + 1 .3 + 2 .5 Nebraska................ N evada................... N ew H am pshire.. New J e rs e y .......... New M exico.......... 288 37 140 265 54 5,471 378 2,244 21,295 593 + .8 + 1 .6 - .5 + .5 + .3 138,957 10,593 58,625 627,724 12,425 + 3 .2 -.2 + 1 .9 + 4 .6 + 3 .8 47 14 13 61 18 1,869 172 313 3,602 431 -1 .0 + .6 -1 .9 - 1 .7 - 1 .6 19,181 2,774 3,638 44,129 4,250 + 5 .2 -3 .2 -4 .2 + 2 .0 N ew Y ork .............. North Carolina___ North Dakota____ O hio........................ Oklahoma- ............ 875 72 114 482 239 89, 737 1,698 1,131 34,026 5,690 + .4 + 4 .3 -.1 +. 1 (10) 2,814,164 36,370 27,830 912,184 133,834 + 3 .0 + 5 .2 + 3 .0 + 3 .3 + 4 .6 177 37 24 147 59 23,674 1,698 455 10,040 1,408 + 3 .9 + 5 .5 -.7 + 2 .5 + 2 .2 388,482 15,519 4,239 128,000 14,005 + 6 .1 + 5 .7 + 2 .7 + 2 .0 -3 .6 59 170 13 21 18 1,214 9,953 207 688 308 + 3 .0 + 1 .7 -1 .0 + 2 .7 + 3 .4 15,624 132,157 2,658 5,904 3,610 + 6 .6 + 1 .0 + .5 + 1 .4 + 3 .2 460 472 1,839 + 2 .5 + 3 .6 + 3 .8 -.6 + 2 .4 Oregon.................... Pennsylvania........ Rhode Island........ South Carolina___ South Dakota........ Tennessee— .......... Texas...................... Utah........................ Verm ont................. Virginia................... W ashington........... W est Virginia. . . Wisconsin............... W yom ing............... 181 5,517 147,606 + 7 .8 752 49,207 1,854,578 + .6 99,549 37,289 13,727 - 1 .7 + 9 .8 + 4 .4 42 71 49 + .1 _(6) 3,441 + 2 .8 1,889 + 14.8 555 + 1 .8 245 4,593 + .6 107,051 + 6 .7 37 2,330 no 8,896 + 1 .8 226,600 + 1 .8 70 117 153 1,794 1,018 5,811 37,352 24,340 145,017 + 1 .8 + 1 .5 + 6 .5 46 4,024 + .2 + 3 .5 + 1 .1 11 24 33 196 114 9,709 6,014 + 1 .6 + .4 267,172 159,618 + 3 .6 + 5 .9 79 34 M 41 10,588 —1.8 -.2 802,266 -2 .4 10,930 + 7 .6 48 451 6 Less than one tenth -of 1 percent. w N o change. 11 N ot available. 11 2,547 1,065 + 2 .2 + 3 .1 1,864 -.7 129 + 4 .0 20,190 -.5 + 6 .6 61,540 + 8 .9 5,854 4,695 19,091 + 3 .1 + 2 .3 + 2 .8 30,483 11,487 (“ ) 1,728 + 2 .5 + 2 .3 11 Includes restaurants, is Includes steam railroads. i* Includes railways and express. * +6."l 30 C O M P A R IS O N OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN ID E N T IC A L E S T A B L IS H M E N T S IN F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934, B Y S T A T E S —Continued [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Laundries State N um N um ber of ber on estab pay roll lish March 1934 ments Dyeing and cleaning Per Per cent cent age of Amount of age of pay roll change change (1 week) from from M arch Feb Feb 1934 ruary ruary 1934 1934 Per Per cent cent Am ount N um N um age of age of ber of ber on of pay roll estab pay roll change (1 week) change from from lish March M arch Feb Feb 1934 ments 1934 ruary ruary 1934 1934 82 33 109 +12.3 + 6 .5 + 1 .9 $1,049 662 1,657 13 180 +16.1 3,037 + 17.8 +• 1 + 1 .0 15 3 275 60 + 9.1 +11.1 5, 502 1,036 + 10.2 -2 .4 38,961 12.895 26,349 + 2 .9 - 3 .3 + .5 5 17 14 113 177 206 + 3 .7 + 2 .9 + 6 .2 2,159 2, 553 2,656 + 9 .6 + 4 .4 + 4 .7 (iO) - 1 .8 -.3 +• 5 + 1 .0 5,445 28,880 24,435 19,572 16,471 -1 .0 -2 .6 + 2 .3 + 1 .8 + 4 .7 20 4 348 68 + 8 .8 - 6 .8 5,520 1,093 +14.9 -3 .5 108 1,891 532 607 1,746 8,786 + 3 .0 -1 .5 (10) + .5 + .6 23,441 5,258 8,838 26,480 60,974 + 3 .7 + 1 .6 -.1 + 1 .4 + ( 6) 10 8 5 10 75 299 126 109 186 1,624 + 1 .4 (10) + 9 .0 +1H + 7 .4 4, 285 1,733 2,040 8,108 80,663 + 5 .5 - 3 .1 +15.1 + 11 .6 +17.2 M ichigan................ M innesota.............. Mississippi....... . Missouri................. M ontana................ 58 47 10 55 17 2,868 1,853 387 2,894 463 + 2 .9 -.4 + 4 .0 + .2 -.4 41,057 28,452 3,893 37,728 7,839 + 5 .4 + 2 .1 + 8 .6 + 1 .5 + .1 17 13 9 18 6 668 427 92 558 47 +13.0 + 7 .8 + 5 .7 + 6 .1 + 6 .8 13,317 7,442 1,290 9,900 961 + 20.2 +12.1 + 8 .4 +10.1 + 4 .7 Nebraska................ N evada................... N ew H am pshireNew Jersey.......... . N ew M exico.......... 15 4 22 44 5 888 48 341 4,533 193 -3 .7 - 2 .0 (10) -.7 + 3 .8 12,632 903 4,837 82, 521 2,865 -3 .8 - 1 .6 -.9 +. 6 + 3 .7 10 217 + 4 .8 3,729 + 2 .4 4 16 4 58 315 21 +13.7 + 2 .3 +10.5 909 7,095 406 + 25 .4 + 4 .6 + 17.7 N ew Y ork _______ North Carolina— North D akota____ Ohio...... .................. Oklahoma.............. 71 12 11 72 23 6,815 657 206 3,853 1,010 +. 5 + 1 .9 + 2 .0 + 1 .0 -.2 118,300 7,110 2,958 59,479 12,884 + .8 + 1 .6 -.4 + 3 .1 + 1 .9 11 5 387 60 + 14.2 + 1 .7 6,960 793 +14.2 + 4 .2 44 14 1,464 233 + 1 .9 + 4 .0 26,025 3,277 + 6 .0 + 2 .7 Oregon______ ____ Pennsylvania____ R hode Island____ South Carolina— South Dakota........ 8 41 25 9 7 259 2,792 1,121 426 183 -.4 + 1 .5 (10) + 8 .7 + 1.1 4,026 42,579 18,644 4,317 2,426 -1 .6 + 1 .2 -.8 + 5 .2 + 5.1 3 22 6 9 46 1,013 314 83 +12.2 + 1 .9 +11.7 + 9 .2 888 18,948 5,417 1,020 +18.1 + 13.0 +19.2 +10.0 Tennessee—........... Texas...................... Utah.................... . Verm ont................. Virginia—. . . .......... 17 37 11 11 20 1,466 1,818 631 195 957 -.6 + 2 .8 -.2 + 6 .6 + 1.1 14, 267 21,673 8,911 2,496 11,081 -1 .4 + 5 .9 -.7 + 4 .6 + 3.1 9 27 9 5 29 119 544 121 66 420 + 3 .5 + 3 .6 + 8 .0 + 1 .5 +15.1 1,580 9,239 2, 285 919 6, 252 +14.7 + 7 .2 +16.8 + 5.1 +17.8 W ashington........... W est Virginia____ W isconsin.............. W yom in g ._______ 14 19 18 28 7 507 714 946 160 + 2 .2 + 1 .6 + 1 .9 + 1.3 8,553 9,422 12,845 2,727 + 4 .1 + 4 .3 + 8 .5 + 7.5 9 9 106 243 + 7 .1 + 3 .4 1,987 3,441 +31.2 + 6 .2 5 33 (10) 509 -7 .5 29 1,170 +19.3 390 + 4 .8 671 + 1 .7 6,878 + 1 .9 1,396 -.1 $9,627 +12.8 5,694 + 5 .6 7,214 +. 1 98,088 + 2 .9 18,456 + .7 7 3 10 Connecticut—........ Delaware............... District of Colum bia........................ Florida............ — Georgia................... 41 4 1,561 296 -.6 + 1 .0 25,382 4,930 20 21 31 2,505 1,171 2,445 + 2 .0 +• 5 + (6) I d a h o _____ - ____ Illinois..................... In d ia n a ................. Iow a........................ Kansas....... .......... - 19 18 48 42 39 i*61 369 1,918 1,779 1,413 1,160 K entucky............... Louisiana...... ......... M aine______ ____ M aryland............... M assachusetts.. . . 43 9 30 Alabama................. Arizona................... Arkansas................ California________ Colorado................. 20 11 15 70 34 22 « Less than Ho of 1 percent . i® N o change. 11 Includes dyeing and cleaning. + 21.0 +13.2 + 7 .6 31 C O M P A R IS O N OF E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN ID E N T IC A L E S T A B L IS H M E N T S IN F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934, B Y S T A T E S — Continued [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Banks, brokerage, insurance, and real estate Percent Number Number on age of change of estab pay roll from lishments M arch 1934 February 1934 State Am ount of pay roll (1 week) March 1934 Percent age of change from February 1934 Alabama................................................................... Arizona...................................................................... Arkansas................................................................... California.................................................................. Colorado.................................................................... 24 28 20 1,141 32 504 217 194 23,589 1,283 -.2 -.5 (i°) +. 3 -.7 $14,288 5,936 4,875 778,558 40,390 + .8 + .1 -1 .4 -.3 -1 .6 Connecticut.............................................................. D elaw are.................................................................. District of Columbia....................................... ....... F lorida-...................................................................... Georgia............................................................... ....... 70 18 40 17 39 2,075 574 1,365 614 1,220 + .4 (i°) + 2 .7 -.2 + .7 73,743 20,364 48,231 19,181 35, 768 -.3 + 3 .0 - 1 .0 -.7 + 2 .9 Idaho...................................................... ........... . Illinois........................................................................ Indiana....................................................................... Iow a........................................................................... Kansas........................................................................ 16 88 47 15 is 37 137 10,497 1,272 961 887 (10) + .4 + .2 + .2 + 1 .0 3,609 375,183 41,882 30,937 25,418 + 1 .8 + 2 .3 -.1 -1 .0 + 1 .2 K entucky................. ............................................... Louisiana............................... .................................. M aine......................................................................... M aryland.................................................................. Massachusetts-......................................................... 24 10 18 26 1*845 887 357 269 917 7,885 + 1 .0 -4 .8 + .7 + .2 -.2 31,51913,475 6,951 33,727 218,848 + 1 .6 - 1 .5 -.9 -1 .9 + 2 .0 M ichigan................................................................... Minnesota.................................... - ........................... Mississippi................................... - ........................... Missouri................................................................... . M ontana................................................................... 120 53 17 109 22 4,222 4,287 210 5,179 246 -.9 + 5.3 + 1 .9 + .2 + .4 138, 274 114,630 4,524 150,974 7,104 + .7 -.4 + 2 .6 + .1 + .7 Nebraska................................................................... Nevada_________________________ _____________ N ew Hampshire.................- ................................... N ew Jersey................................................................ N ew M exico................................................... .......... 20 568 + .4 19,366 -.5 40 131 16 480 12,839 121 -.6 -.3 (10) 11,708 369,169 3,198 - .4 +• 3 +14.6 Oklahom a......................... ...................................... 748 28 38 295 28 54,631 593 267 8,071 645 -0 9 -.2 -.4 -.6 + 2 .2 1,911, 111 15,463 6,387 266,763 18,882 - 1 .8 -(«) + ( 6) + .4 + 2 .3 Oregon................................... ................................... Pennsylvania.................. - ....................................... Rhode Island.................... ........................ .............. South C a rolin a .................... ................................. South D akota..................... ..................................... 32 760 29 11 32 1,179 28, 082 1,066 119 238 +• 1 + ( 6) +. 3 (10) + .4 38,161 694,451 45,381 3, 329 5,880 -.1 + .1 + 1 .4 -.4 + .8 Tennessee....................................................... .......... Texas.......................................................................... U t a h ......................................................................... Verm ont. .................................................................. Virginia----------^....................................................... 35 29 15 30 41 1,118 1,533 475 227 1,401 - 1 .7 -.2 + .6 -.4 -.4 38,689 42,367 16,729 6, 555 45,103 -1 .8 + .3 + 1 .5 - 1 .2 -.8 W ashington.............................................................. West Virginia........................................................... W isconsin.................................................................. W yom ing.................................................................. 46 43 17 12 1,707 659 910 111 -1 .2 + .2 -.1 -.9 53,962 19,446 31,718 3,416 -.6 + .2 + .5 -.2 New Y ork................................................................. N orth Carolina......................................................... North Dakota................. ........................................ 6 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 10 N o change. 16 D o not include brokerage and real estate. 32 Employment and Pay Rolls in March 1934, in Cities of Over 500,000 Population LUCTUATIONS in employment and pay-roll totals in March 1934, as compared with February 1934, in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000 or over are presented in the following table. These changes are computed from reports received from identical establishments in each of the months considered. In addition to including reports received from establishments in the several industrial groups regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, excluding building construction, reports have also been secured from other establishments in these cities for inclusion in these totals. Information concerning employment in building construction is not available for all cities at this time and therefore has not been included. F F L U C T U A T IO N S IN E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN M A R C H 1934, AS C O M P A R E D W IT H F E B R U A R Y 1934 Cities N ew York C ity .................. Chicago, 111......................... Philadelphia, P a ................ Detroit, M ich ................. . Los Angeles, Calif............. Cleveland, Ohio................. St. Louis, M o ..................... Baltimore, M d _ ................. Boston, Mass......... ............ Pittsburgh, P a ................... San Francisco, Calif.......... Buffalo, N .Y ..... ................. Milwaukee, W is................. Num ber of establish ments reporting in both months February 1934 4,697 1,804 821 556 838 1,105 545 707 2,934 403 1,141 396 479 314,723 228,774 147,159 229,268 77, 762 101,840 70, 242 56, 719 91,508 54,555 51,777 44,814 46,628 Num ber on pay roll March 1934 324,073 231,644 150,594 256,591 78,130 105,462 72,433 58,820 93,476 56,423 52,302 45,300 47,854 Per Am ount of pay roll cent of (1 week) change from Febru February M arch 1934 ary 1934 1934 + 3 .0 + 1 .3 + 2 .3 +11.9 +• 5 + 3 .6 + 3 .1 + 3 .7 + 2 .2 + 3 .4 + 1 .0 + 1 .1 + 2 .6 $8,375,969 5,452,674 3,274,600 5,660,908 1,871,450 2,174,958 1, 519,492 1,137,200 2, 244,422 1,108,517 1, 241,662 1,016,268 965, 743 $8,709,544 5,580,179 3,415,301 6,639,379 1,898,086 2,349, 288 1,579,449 1,180,456 2,300,084 1,146,788 1,273, 240 1,024,433 1,010, 567 Per cent of change from Febru ary 1934 + 4 .0 + 2 .3 + 4 .3 + 17.3 + 1 .4 + 8 .0 + 3 .9 + 3 .8 + 2 .5 + 3 .5 + 2 .5 +. 8 + 4 .6 Employment in the Various Branches of the Federal Government, March 1934 HERE were 623,559 employees on the pay rolls of the executive departments of the United States Government on March 31, 1934. This is an increase of 56,573 employees or 10 percent as com pared with March 1933, and an increase of 11,807 employees or 1.9 percent as compared with February 1934. Information concerning the executive service is compiled by the various departments and offices of the United States Government and sent to the Civil Service Commission where it is assembled. The figures were tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 1 shows the number of employees in the executive depart ments of the Federal Government inside of the District of Columbia, the number outside of the District of Columbia, and the total number of such employees. T 33 Approximately 13 percent of the employees in the executive branch of the United States Government work in the city of Washington. T able 1.—E M P L O Y E E S IN T H E E X E C U T IV E S E R V IC E OF T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S M A R C H 1933 A N D F E B R U A R Y 1934 A N D M A R C H 1934 District of Columbia Outside the District Entire service Item Perma Tem nent porary 1 Total Perma Tem nent porary! Total Perma Tem nent porary 1 Total Number of employees: March 1933_____ _____ 63, 786 3,771 67, 557 468, 659 30,770 499,429 532,445 34,541 566,986 February 1934_________ : 8,290 79,913 2 474,767 2 57,072 2 531,839 2 546,390 2 65,362 2 611,752 71,623 March 1934_____________ 73,106 8,463 81,569 481,922 60,068 541,990 555, 028 68, 531 623, 559 Gain or loss: March 1933-March 1934_ +9, 320 +4, 692 +14,012 +13, 263 +29, 298 +42, 561 +22, 583 +33,990 +56, 573 February 1934-March 1934_____________ ____ +1,483 +173 +1,656 +7,155 +2,996 +10,151 + 8, 638 +3,169 +11,807 Percent of change: March 1933-March 1934.. +14.6 +124. 4 +20.7 + 8 .5 + 4 .2 +98.4 +10.0 + 2 .8 +95.2 February 1934-March 1934__________________ + 1 .5 + 5 .2 + 1 .6 + 1 .9 + 4 .9 + 1 .9 + 2.1 + 2.1 + 2.1 Labor turn-over-March 1934: Additions 3_____________ 2,483 1,499 3,982 11,147 21,900 33,047 13, 630 23, 399 37,029 Separations 3___________ 908 1, 360 2, 268 4, 528 18,426 22,954 5, 436 19, 786 25, 222 4.1 Turn-over rate per 100—. .95 3.15 4. 28 .99 16. 24 2.81 29.6 1. 25 1 N ot including field employees of the Post Office Department. 2 Revised. 3 N ot including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be regarded as labor turn-over. There was an increase of 14,012 or 20.7 percent in the number of Federal employees in the District of Columbia, comparing March 1934 with the same month of the previous year. Permanent employees increased 14.6 percent, while the number of temporary employees more than doubled. Comparing March with February, there was an increase of 1,656 employees or 2.1 percent. The percentage of increase was the same in the case of both permanent and temporary employees. The monthly turn-over rate for permanent employees in the District of Columbia was 1.25. The turn-over rate in the service as a whole was 4.1. Outside of the District of Columbia, the number of permanent employees increased 2.8 percent and the number of temporary em ployees increased 95.2 percent, comparing March 1934 with the same month of last year. The number of permanent emplpyees in the executive Federal service, outside of the city of Washington increased 1.5 percent, com paring March with February. The number of temporary employees increased 5.2 percent, making a net increase of 1.9 percent in total employment outside of the District of Columbia. Table 2 shows the number of employees and the amounts of pay rolls in the various branches of the United States Government during January, February, and March. 34 T 2 —N U M B E R OF E M P L O Y E E S A N D A M O U N T S OF P A Y R O L L S IN T H E V A R IO U S B R A N C H E S OF T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S G O V E R N M E N T , J A N U A R Y , F E B R U A R Y , A N D M A R C H 1934 able Amount of pay roll Number of employees Branch of service January February Executive service__________________ i 608,139 262,942 M ilitary service. . . . _____ ____ __ Judicial service------------------------------1,780 3, 845 Legislative service. ................. .......... T otal_______________ _______ 876, 706 March i 611, 752 263,464 1, 742 3,852 623,559 266, 285 1,854 3,867 880,810 895,565 January February March i $78,035, 863 i $84,133,108 $85,438,869 18,499, 516 19,532,832 19,050,158 416, 601 428,859 417,000 946,624 871, 753 926, 363 97 ,824,132 105,008,904 105,864,510 i Revised. The military service as shown in the above table includes the offi cers and enlisted men in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard. The judicial service includes all Federal judges, clerks, and attaches of Federal courts throughout the United States. The legislative service includes the Members of both Houses of Congress, their clerks and employees of committees, and the employees of the Congressional Library. Employment on Class I Steam Railroads in the United States R EPORTS of the Interstate Commerce Commission for class I railroads show that the number of employees (exclusive of execu tives and officials) increased from 963,893 on FebiHiary 15, 1934, to 986,771 (preliminary) on March 15, 1934, or +2.4 percent. Data are not yet available concerning total compensation of employees for March 1934. The latest payroll information available shows a decrease from $115,634,474 in January 1934 to $111,069,052 in February 1934, or —3.9 percent. The monthly trend of employment from Janaury 1923 to March 1934 on class I railroads—that is, all roads having operating revenues of $1,000,000 or over—is shown by index numbers published in the table following. These index numbers are constructed from monthly reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission, using the 12-month average for 1926 as 100. T able 1 .—IN D E X E S OF E M P L O Y M E N T ON C L A S S I S T E A M R A IL R O A D S IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , J A N U A R Y 1923 TO M A R C H 1934 [12-month average, 1926=100] M onth 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 98.3 January_________ ____ February___ ________ 98.6 M arch_______________ 100.5 A pril_____ __________ 102.0 M a v _________________ 105.0 June_____ __ ________ 107.1 July_________________ 108.2 A u g u s t ________ _____ 109.4 September___________ 107.8 October______________ 107.3 N ovem ber___________ 105.2 December_____ _____ _ 99.4 96.6 97.0 97.4 98.9 99.2 98.0 98.1 99.0 99.7 100.8 99.0 96.0 95.6 95.4 95.2 96.6 97.8 98.6 99.4 99. 7 99.9 100.7 99.1 97.1 95.8 96.0 96.7 98.9 100.2 101.6 102. 9 102. 7 102.8 103.4 101.2 98.2 95.5 95.3 95.8 97.4 99.4 100. 9 101.0 99. 5 99.1 98.9 95.7 91.9 89.4 89.0 89.9 91. 7 94. 5 95. 9 95. 6 95. 7 95.3 95.3 92.9 89.7 88.2 88.9 90.1 92. 2 94. 9 96.1 96.6 97.4 96.8 96.9 93.0 88.8 86.3 85.4 85.5 87. 0 88. 6 86.5 84.7 83.7 82.2 80.4 77.0 74.9 73.3 72.7 72. 9 73. 5 73.9 72.8 72.4 71.2 69.3 67.7 64.5 62.6 61.2 60.3 60.5 60.0 59.7 57.8 56.4 55.0 55.8 57.0 55.9 54.8 53.0 52.7 51.5 51.8 52.5 53.6 55.4 56.8 57.7 57.5 55.9 54.1 54.1 54.7 56.0 104.1 98.3 97.9 100.0 97.5 92.9 93.3 83.5 70.6 57.9 54.4 i 54.9 Average------------ 1 Average for 3 months. 1934 35 Wage-Rate Changes in American Industries Manufacturing Industries HE following table presents information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending March 15, 1934, as shown by reports received from manufacturing establishments supplying employment data to this Bureau. Increases in wage rates averaging 16.7 percent and affecting 58,553 employees were reported by 223 of the 19,094 establishments surveyed in March. The outstanding average wage-rate increase of the month (23.6 percent) was reported by 21 establishments in the automobile industry and affected 29,409 wage earners. Twenty-nine establish ments in the foundry and machine-shop industry reported wage-rate increases averaging 8.9 percent and affecting 8,184 employees. Nine industries reported average increases in wage rates which ranged from 4.1 percent to 12.3 percent. These industries and the number of employees affected are as follows: Brass, 1,676 employees; sawmills, 1,569 employees; paper and pulp, 1,422 employees; book and job printing, 1,401 employees; aluminum manufactures, 1,284 employees; bolts, 1,248 employees; structural metalwork, 1,209 employees; electrical machinery, 1,065 employees; and agricultural implements, 1,055 employees. The remaining wage-rate increases reported affected less than 1,000 workers in each industry. Of the 19,094 manufacturing establishments included in the March survey, 18,870 establishments, or 98.8 percent of the total, reported no changes in wage rates over the month interval. The 3,387,151 employees not affected by changes in wage rates constituted 98.3 percent of the total number of employees covered by the March trend-of-employment survey of manufacturing industries. T T able l .- W A G E - R A T E C H A N G E S IN M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S D U R IN G M O N T H E N D IN G M A R C H 15, 1934 Industry All manufacturing industries____ Percent of total___________ Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets__ _ _ __________ _ Cast-iron pip e.— __________ Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools_____ _____ _____ Forgings, iron and steel_____ Hardware___ _______________ Iron and steel_________ _____ Plumbers’ supplies--------------Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fit tings_________ ____ _______ i Less than Mo of 1 percent. Estab lish ments report ing Total number of em ployees 19,094 3, 445, 732 100.0 100.0 52 37 8, 465 5,487 144 73 83 204 78 12, 715 9,416 35,404 252,813 8,419 88 18,840 Num ber of establish ments reporting— Number of employees having— 1 " 11 No Wage- Wage- N o wage- Wage- Wagewage- rate in rate in rate de rate de rate j rate changes creases creases changes creases • creases 18,870 98.8 223 1.2 1 3,387,151 98.3 58, 553 1.7 50 37 2 7,217 5,487 1,248 143 68 ! 81 202 75 1 5 2 1 3 12,697 9,238 35,365 252, 554 8,043 18 178 39 231 376 86 2 0) 1 18,810 28 0) 28— 1 30 :1............. 36 T able 1 —W A G E -R A T E C H A N G E S IN M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S D U R IN G M O N T H E N D IN G M A R C H 15, 1934— Continued Industry Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery—Con. Stoves______________________ Structural and ornamental metal work________________ T in cans and other tinware— Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws)________ ______ W irework-----------------------------Machinery, not including trans portation equipment: Agricultural implements------Cash registers, adding ma chines, and calculating ma chines_____________________ Electrical machinery, appa ratus, and supplies________ Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels--------------Foundry and machine-shop products.......... ....................... Machine tools_______________ Radios and phonographs----- Textile machinery and parts. Typewriters and parts............ Transportation equipment: Aircraft----------------- --------------Automobiles________________ Cars, electric-.and steam-railroad--------------- ------------- -----Locom otives________________ Shipbuilding------------------------Railroad repair shops: Electric railroad......... ............. Steam railroad______________ N onferrous metals and their prod ucts: Aluminum manufactures____ Brass, bronze, and copper products---------- -----------------Clocks and watches and timerecording devices—........ ....... Jewelry...................................... Lighting equipment-............... Silverware and plated ware__ Smelting and refining—cop per, lead, and zinc— ............ Stamped and enameled ware. Lumber and allied products: Furniture_________________ Lumber: M ill work..... ................... Sawmills.......................... Turpentine and rosin______ Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, tile, and terra cotta___ C em ent.................................... . Glass________________________ Marble, granite, slate, and other products..................... Pottery______________ _______ Textiles and their products: Fabrics: Carpets and rugs________ Cotton goods___________ Cotton small wares______ Dyeing and finishing tex tiles___________________ Hats, fur-felt.................. Knit goods______________ Silk and rayon goods.— W oolen and worsted goods_________ ______ Estab lish ments report ing Number of establish ments reporting— Total number of em ployees Number of employees having— No Wage- Wage- N o wage- Wage- Wagewage- rate rate in rate de rate in rate de rate creases creases changes creases creases changes 22,996 22,996 198 60 16,872 10,345 194 60 15,663 10, 345 122 82 9,134 8,328 117 81 9,090 8,307 80 12, 796 76 11, 741 15, 349 27 15, 338 109,891 290 28 1,055 11 1,065 94 23,690 90 23, 369 321 1,111 155 34 65 12 129, 769 19, 734 29,456 12,164 14, 396 1,082 153 34 65 12 121, 585 19,630 29,456 12,164 14,396 8,184 104 25 249 333, 525 25 228 6,869 304,116 29,409 50 14 99 12, 560 3,188 31,315 50 14 12, 560 3,188 31, 077 238 364 504 19,464 69,229 360 504 19, 219 69, 229 245 23 6, 513 5, 229 1, 284 213 40,863 206 39,187 1, 676 26 128 52 59 10,062 8,263 3, 622 9, 314 25 127 51 59 10,056 8, 261 3,617 9,314 39 96 13,711 18,327 95 13,360 18, 261 351 66 463 49,152 459 48, 924 228 497 566 22 22,209 62,484 1, 763 497 562 22 22, 209 60, 915 1, 763 1, 569 641 120 176 17,186 13, 023 53, 786 635 120 172 16,988 13, 023 53, 387 247 114 4, 948 19, 074 246 113 4,888 18, 979 685 112 18,046 317,934 12, 079 30 684 111 18.046 317,928 12,038 150 33 455 250 43, 679 7, 224 122,116 55,606 148 32 455 245 42,887 7,182 122,116 55.046 66, 625 243 66, 625 198 399 41 792 42 560 37 T able 1 .— W A G E -R A T E C H A N G E S IN M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S D U R IN G M O N T H E N D IN G M A R C H 15, 1934—Continued Industry Textiles and their products—Con. Wearing apparel: Clothing, men’s________ Clothing, women’s_____ Corsets and allied gar ments_______________ M en’s furnishings______ M illinery______________ Shirts and collars_______ Leather and its manufactures: Boots and shoes____________ Leather___________________ Food and kindred products: Baking____________________ Beverages_________________ B utter________________ ____ Canning and preserving____ Confectionery_____________ Flour___________ ________ Ice cream__________________ Slaughtering and meat pack ing--------------------------------Sugar, beet________________ Sugar refining, cane________ Tobacco manufactures: Chewing and smoking to bacco and snuff_______ . .. Cigars and cigarettes.......... . Paper and printing: Boxes, paper______________ Paper and pulp____________ Printing and publishing: Book and job......... ............ Newspapers and periodi cals_________________ Chemicals and allied products: Chemicals___ ____ ________ Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal____________________ Druggists’ preparations.......... E xplosives........... ..................... Fertilizers_________________ Paints and varnishes_______ Petroleum refining_________ Rayon and allied products... Soap__________ ____ ______ Rubber products: Rubber boots and shoes____ Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and in ner tubes________________ Rubber tires and inner tubes. N umber of establish ments reporting— Number of employees having— Estab lish ments report ing Total number of em ployees 445 536 72,192 33,574 445 532 72,192 33,534 31 81 102 123 6,032 9,018 7, 392 17, 547 31 100 123 6,032 9,005 7, 322 17, 547 327 156 120, 359 33, 595 324 153 119,363 33,411 429 288 741 278 403 345 70,102 25, 534 4, 330 45, 526 34,105 17,107 8,485 427 286 735 278 402 345 248 63 14 101,835 3,110 9, 234 31 197 Wage- Wage- N o rate in rate de rate rate creases creases changes changes Wage- Wagerate in rate de creases creases 184 69,892 25,492 4,285 45, 320 34,105 17,082 210 42 45 206 247 63 14 101, 807 3,110 9, 234 28 10,418 44,995 31 197 10,418 44,995 25, 886 104,806 328 417 25, 081 103, 384 805 1, 422 25 803 46, 005 781 44, 604 1, 401 446 53,977 441 53, 770 207 29, 320 100 29, 310 10 4, 332 9, 256 4,613 14, 769 17, 531 54, 571 36,132 16,828 104 61 31 171 342 140 24 112 4,332 9, 256 4,613 14, 769 17, 008 54,168 36,132 16,821 104 61 31 171 348 141 24 113 12, 518 104 39 27,056 53, 404 523 403 12, 518 104 27, 056 52,894 Nonmanufacturing Industries D a t a concerning wage-rate changes occurring during the month ending March 15, 1934, reported by cooperating establishments in 14 nonmanufacturing industries are presented in table 2. No changes in wage rates were reported in the anthracite mining, bituminous-coal mining, crude-petroleum producing, and telephone and telegraph industries. Each of the remaining 10 industries reported wage-rate increases and 7 industries reported decreases over the month interval. No especial significance is attached to the 38 decreases in rates in this group of nonmanufacturing industries, the greatest number of employees affected in any one industry being 83. The electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance industry reported wage-rate increases averaging 13.3 percent and affecting 6,710 employees. The power and light industry had increases averaging 7.7 percent and affecting 2,378 employees. The remaining increases were negligible. T A B L E 2.— W A G E -R A T E C H A N G E S IN N O N M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S D U R IN G M O N T H E N D IN G M A R C H 15, 1934 Industrial group Estab lish ments report ing 160 Anthracite m ining______________ Percent of total__ ___________ 100.0 Bituminous-coal mining_________ 1,482 Percent of total___________ - 100.0 270 Metalliferous mining____________ 100.0 Percent of total_____________ Quarrying and nonmetallic m in ing _ ________________ 1,180 100.0 Percent of total______________ 253 Crude-petroleum producing_____ 100.0 Percent of total______________ Telephone and telegraph_________ 8,057 100.0 Percent of total_____________ Power and light _______ _______ 2,880 Percent of total_____ __ _ _ . 100.0 Electric-railroad and motor-bus 537 operation and maintenance____ 100. 0 Percent of total_____________ Wholesale trade_________________ 2,942 100.0 Percent of total_____________ Retail trade_____________________ 18,313 100.0 Percent of total_____________ H otels__________________________ 2,560 Percent of total_____ ________ 100.0 Laundries_______________________ 1,373 Percent of total_____________ 100.0 Dyeing and cleaning................... . 525 Percent of total_______ _______ 100. 0 Banks, brokerage, insurance, and real estate________ ______ ______ 4,723 100.0 Percent of total_____________ 1Less than Total number of em ployees Number of establish ments reporting— Num ber of employees having— No No Wage- Wagewage- rate in rate de wagerate rate changes creases creases changes 93,821 160 100. 0 100.0 236,743 1,482 100.0 100.0 25,437 265 98.1 100.0 4 1. 5 1 Wage- W~agerate in rate de creases creases 93,821 100. 0 236,743 100.0 1 25,180 248 .4 99. 0 1. 0 28,610 1,179 100.0 99.9 253 27,465 100.0 100.0 8,057 251,487 100.0 100.0 194,535 2,828 98.2 100.0 31 1.1 28,550 99. 8 27,465 100.0 251,487 100.0 21 192,142 .7 98. 8 514 95. 7 2, 932 99. 7 18,299 99.9 2,537 99.1 1,368 99.6 523 99. 6 23 4. 3 8 .3 9 0) 21 .8 2 .1 2 .4 127,784 6. 710 95. 0 5. 0 83,257 114 .1 .1 99.8 5 430,492 101 100.0 0) 0) 2 142,743 399 .1 99. 7 .3 3 70,936 26 .2 99. 8 0) 12,295 23 .2 99.8 134,494 100. 0 83,385 100.0 430,620 100.0 143,154 100.0 71,045 100.0 12,318 100.0 180,961 4,699 100.0 99.5 .1 21 .4 60 .2 2. 378 1. 2 2 3 .1 9 0) 180,786 150 99.9 .1 15 0) 14 0) 27 0) 12 0) 83 .1 25 0) yio of 1 percent. Em ploym ent Created by the P ublic-W orks Fund, M arch 1934 M PLO YM EN T on projects financed by the public-works fund during the month ending March 15, 1934, totaled over 292,000. These workers drew over $15,500,000 for their month’s pay. E Employment on Construction Projects, by Types of Project P u b l i c - w o r k s allotments are divided into two groups— Federal and non-Federal. Federal allotments are awarded to departments of the Federal Government. Federal projects are wholly financed by the Public Works Administration. They are built either by force account, that is, by day labor hired directly by the Government agency supervising the construction, or by contract— that is, awards to commercial firms by the Federal agency. 39 Non-Federal allotments when awarded to a State or political sub division thereof, are financed partly by the Public Works Administra tion and partly by the local authorities. Usually the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of 30 percent of the total cost and in many cases will loan the remaining 70 percent. Where nonFederal allotments are made to commercial firms, such as railroads, they are loans only and must be paid within a certain designated period of time. Projects under both types of construction, are super vised by representatives of the Federal Government. Table 1 shows, by type of project, employment, pay rolls, and manhours of labor worked during the month of March 1934 on Federal projects financed from public-works funds. T 1 . — E M P L O Y M E N T , P A Y R O L L S , A N D M A N -H O U R S W O R K E D ON F E D E R A L P R O JE C T S F IN A N C E D F R O M P U B L IC -W O R K S F U N D S , D U R IN G M A R C H 1934, B Y T Y P E OF P R O J E C T able T yp e of project Value of Number um ber of Average material of N man-hours earnings of wage Amount pay r o ll1 orders worked 1 per h ou r1 placed earners 1 * Building construction..................... .....................Public roads__________________________________ River, harbor, and flood control................... ....... Streets and roads 2___...................... .......... .......... Naval vessels.................... ..................... - ................ Reclamation......... .................................................... Forestry______________________________________ Water and sewerage.................................... .......... Miscellaneous_______ _______ ______ _________ 19,780 141,243 35,047 9, 571 7,417 9,979 14,827 1, 072 15,962 $936,517 7, 502, 577 1,737, 216 316, 081 743,933 1,060, 241 821,986 47, 355 724, 221 1,334,253 16,019,921 2,971, 111 718, 518 991, 713 1,551,763 1,432,445 75, 031 1, 307, 576 $0.702 .468 .585 .440 .750 .683 .574 .631 .554 $1,850,894 7,400,000 3,261,860 255,862 7,107,190 1,081,873 581,303 54,692 3, 355,611 Total___________________________________ 254,898 13,890,127 26, 402, 331 .526 24,949, 285 1 Subject to revision. 2 Other than those reported b y the Bureau of Public Roads. During the month ending March 15 nearly 255,000 people were working on Federal public-works projects. This is exclusive of clerical and supervisory workers. It includes only workmen at the site of the construction project. Public-road work continues to provide, by far, the greatest amount of employment created by the public-works fund. Over 55 percent of the workers were engaged on road work under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads of the United States Department of Agriculture. Nearly 4 percent more were engaged in street and road paving under the supervision of other Government agencies. River, harbor, and flood-control work was the only other type of project employing as much as 10 percent of the total workers. Pay rolls for employees on Federal projects totaled nearly $14,000,000. Public-road workers drew over $7,500,000. River, harbor, and flood-control workers and workmen on reclamation projects drew over a million dollars. No other type of project paid as much as $1,000,000 in wages during the month. Total average earnings per hour for workers on all types of projects was $0,526. Workers on naval vessels and building construction drew over 70 cents per hour. Those on reclamation projects and water and sewer 40 age work drew over 60 cents per hour. Road work was the only type of project on which the average hourly pay was less than 50 cents. The value of material orders placed by contractors on Federal projects during the month totaled nearly $25,000,000. Of this amount, nearly 30 percent was spent for public-road projects and approximately the same amount for the construction of naval vessels. Non-Federal projects are for the most part confined to building construction, street and road construction, water and sewerage con struction, and railroad construction. Railroad allotments are of two kinds: First, railroad construction— that is, money used for the electrification of railroads, for laying ties and rails, for repairs to railroad buildings, etc.; second, the building or repairing of locomotives, and passenger and freight cars in railroad shops. Employment of the first type is included with other nonFederal construction projects. Employment of the second type is shown in a separate table. (See table 5, p. 41.) Table 2 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours of work during March 1934 on non-Federal construction projects financed from public-works funds by type of project. T 2 — E M P L O Y M E N T , P A Y R O L L S , A N D M A N -H O U R S W O R K E D ON N O N F E D E R A L P R O JE C T S F IN A N C E D F R O M P U B L IC -W O R K S F U N D S D U R IN G M A R C H 1934, B Y T Y P E OF P R O J E C T able Value of Number Am ount of Number of Average material man-hours earnings of wage pay r o ll1 orders worked 1 per h o u r1 placed earners 1 1 T yp e of project Building construction________________________ _ Streets and roads. _____ _____________________ Water and sewerage__________________________ Railroad construction______________________ Miscellaneous................- _____ _________________ 6,190 4,081 7, 376 7,036 426 $331,310 111, 538 363, 334 205, 290 24,945 393, 563 182, 628 578, 919 416,935 40, 259 $0. 842 .611 .628 .492 .620 $863,651 89,916 963, 733 10, 641, 301 100,963 Total______________ _______________ 25,109 1, 036, 417 1, 612, 304 .643 12,659, 564 _ 1 Subject to revision. Of the more than 25,000 workers engaged on non-Federal construc tion projects, more than 7,000 were working on railroad construction and over 7,300 on water and sewerage work. Over $1,000,000 was paid out in wages during the month to men engaged in this work. The average hourly earnings exceeded 64 cents. Building-construction workers averaged nearly 85 cents per hour. Railroad-construction workers earned slightly less than 50 cents per hour. The value of purchase orders for materials amounted to over $12,000,000, of which more than $10,000,000 was spent by railroads. Employment on Construction Projects, by Geographic Divisions T a b l e 3 shows employment pay rolls, and man-hours worked during March 1934 on Federal projects financed from Public Works funds by geographic divisions. 41 T 3 .—E M P L O Y M E N T , P A Y R O L L S , A N D M A N -H O U R S W O R K E D ON F E D E R A L P R O JE C T S F IN A N C E D F R O M P U B L IC W O R K S F U N D S D U R IN G M A R C H 1934, B Y G E O G R A P H IC D IV IS IO N able Wage earners 1 Geographic division N ew England______________________ Middle Atlantic____________________ East North Central_________________ West North Central____ ___________ South Atlantic__________ _______ _ East South Central_________________ West South Central____ _________ M ountain. _ _______________________ Pacific__________________ _________ Number W eekly em ployed average Value of Amount of Number of Average earnings material orders pay r o ll1 man-hours worked 1 per hou r1 placed 1 7,274 11, 482 15,486 38, 766 37, 791 26, 998 62,006 27,863 23,164 6,912 10,708 14,465 36,608 35, 663 25,829 59,356 27,446 22,313 $487,489 721,861 849,835 1,812,661 1,964,906 1,342,005 2,558,156 2,227,485 1, 724,376 723,803 1,164,004 1,378, 433 3, 727,984 4,079,391 2,922,844 5,934, 556 3, 536, 540 2, 513, 791 $0.674 .620 .617 .486 .482 .459 .431 .630 .686 $896,088 6, 628,110 1,062,080 1,163,157 2,357,320 1,176, 712 893, 509 974, 752 1,222,068 Total continental United States2. 250,897 Outside continental United States__ 4,001 239,367 3,651 13,695, 657 194,470 25,990,499 411,832 .527 .472 3 23, 773,827 1,175,458 243,018 13,890,127 26,402, 331 .526 24,949,285 Grand total__________________ 254,898 1 Subject to revision. 2 Includes data for 67 wage earners which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. 3 Includes $7,400,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. Over 60,000 employees were working in the West South Central States. In no other geographic division were there as many as 40,000 workers employed during March on public projects financed from the public-works fund. Average earnings per hour ranged from 43 cents in the West South Central States to nearly 69 cents in the Pacific States. In five of the geographic divisions the employees have aver age hourly earnings of over 60 cents per hour. In the other four, aver age earnings were less than 50 cents per hour. Table 4 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during March on non-Federal projects financed from Public Works funds, by geographic divisions. T 4 . — E M P L O Y M E N T , P A Y R O LLS, A N D M A N -H O U R S W O R K E D ON N O N -F E D E R A L P R O J E C T S F IN A N C E D F R O M P U B L IC W O R K S F U N D S D U R IN G M A R C H 1934, B Y G E O G R A P H IC D IV IS IO N able Wage e arners 1 Geographic division Number W eekly em ployed average Value of um ber of Average material Am ount of N man-hours earnings orders pay r o l l 1 worked 1 per h o u r1 placed 1 N ew England____ ___________________ M iddle Atlantic....................................... East North Central__________ _____ _ W est North Central__________________ South Atlantic_______________________ East South Central____ _____________ W est South Central___________ ______ M ountain_______________ ____ _______ Pacific_______________________________ 1,972 1,107 6,706 2,882 3, 476 750 1,280 1,727 4, 677 1,633 900 4,703 2, 282 2, 643 655 1,124 1,483 4,136 $110,265 58,120 333,844 101,493 151,143 32,981 59,119 41,915 133,086 185,128 93,479 417,210 146,249 263,601 56,905 101,020 77,891 247,808 $0. 596 .622 .800 .694 .573 .580 .585 .538 .537 $54,839 3,170,900 3,121,484 887, 906 1,608, 524 39, 558 881, 686 577,469 1, 757, 718 Total continental United States2. Outside continental United States, 24,844 265 19, 700 203 1,025,690 10, 727 1, 595, 575 16, 729 .643 .641 12,629,871 29, 693 25,109 19,903 1,036,417 1, 612,304 .643 12,659, 564 Grand total________________ __ 1 Subject to revision. 2 Includes data for 267 wage earners which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. 42 Nearly 7,000 workers were employed in the East North Central States on non-Federal projects. The Pacific States had the second highest number, showing over 4,500 employed on these projects. The average hourly earnings were highest in East North Central States and lowest in the Pacific States. Table 5 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in rail road shops financed from Public Works funds during March 1934, by geographic divisions. T 5 .—E M P L O Y M E N T , P A Y R O L L S , A N D M A N -H O U R S W O R K E D IN R A IL R O A D SHOPS ON W O R K F IN A N C E D F R O M P U B L IC W O R K S F U N D S D U R IN G M A R C H 1934, B Y G E O G R A P H IC D IV IS IO N able Value of Number Number of Average Amount of man-hours earnings material of wage pay r o ll1 orders earners 1 worked 1 per h o u r1 placed 1 Geographic division N ew England_______ ________________________ M iddle Atlantic____ ________ _________________ East North Central............................................... . South Atlantic_______________________________ East South Central_____ ______________ ____ West South Central............................................... M ountain. ____________ ___ _ _ _ _ Pacific______________ __________________________ Total______________________ ____________ 874 3, 505 793 1,215 404 2,085 534 3. 279 $89,483 179,797 25,068 97,359 5,009 109,785 20,981 182, 519 134,911 297,838 39, 760 150, 722 7,750 188,475 34, 624 302,919 $0.663 .604 .630 .646 .646 .582 .606 .603 $389,263 6,168,783 541,585 130, 561 12, 689 710,001 1,156,999 .614 7, 506, 559 110, 547 35,928 129,892 1 Subject to revision. During the month ending March 15, there were over 12,500 em ployed in railroad shops on work financed from Public Works funds. These workers averaged over 61 cents per hour. Table 6 shows expenditures for materials purchased during the month ending March 15, by type of material. T able 6 —M A T E R IA L S P U R C H A S E D D U R IN G M O N T H E N D IN G M A R C H 15, 1934, F O R P U B L IC W O R K S P R O J E C T S , .B Y T Y P E OF M A T E R I A L (T E N T A T I V E ) T yp e of material Aircraft (new )_____ _________________________ _________________________ Airplane parts........................ .................................. ....................... .......... .......... Auto trucks___________________________________________________________ Awnings, tents, canvas, etc___________ ___________ ____________________ Boat buildings, steel and wooden (small)_______ ______________________ Bolts, nuts, washers, etc______ ________________________________________ Cast iron pipe and fittings.................................................... .......... ................. C e m e n t--___________ ____________________________________ ____________ Chemicals______ _____________________________________________ ________ C lay products_____________ ________ ____________ ____________________ _ C oal________________ ________________________ _________________________ Concrete products____ ____________________________________________ ___ Copper products____________i ______________________________ _________ _ Cordage and tw ine____ _______________________________________________ Creosote.............................................................................. .............................. . Crushed stone............................... .......!___.......... ........... .................................. Doors, shutters, and window sash and frames, molding and trim, metal Electrical machinery and supplies................................................................... Engines and turbines________________________ ________ ________________ Explosives.................................... ............ ................................ ............................. Forgings, iron and steel----------------------------- ------- ---------- ------------------------F oundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified.............. . Fuel oil________________ ______________________________ ________________ Gasoline................................................................................... ................... ......... Glass_______ ________________________ _________________________________ 1 Subject to revision. Value of ma terial orders placed 1 $517,684 243,966 53,044 80, 782 138, 269 328,057 475,928 371, 665 25,355 327,051 50, 398 351, 284 22, 731 39, 228 157, 500 31, 383 119,434 1, 281, 695 651, 212 91,368 631,816 4, 553, 542 116, 423 107, 039 11, 384 43 6 .—M A T E R IA L S P U R C H A S E D D U R IN G M O N T H E N D IN G M A R C H 15, 1934, F O R P U B L IC W O R K S P R O J E C T S , B Y T Y P E OF M A T E R I A L (T E N T A T I V E )—Continued T able T yp e of materia] Hardware, miscellaneous_____________ _______________ ________________________ __________ Instruments, professional and scientific.________ _________________________ _______ _______ Lighting equipm ent____ _________________________________________________________________ Locom otives, other than electric__________________________________________________________ Lubricating oils and greases________________ _____________________ _______________________ Lumber and timber products.__________ __________________________________________ _______ M achine tools___________________ __________________ __________ __________________________ Marble, granite, slate and other stone products............... ....................................................... ...... M otor vehicles________________________________________ __________________________________ Nails and spikes________________________________________ _________________________________ Nonferrous-metal alloys; nonferrous-metal products, except aluminum, not elsewhere classified. Paints and varnishes........ .......... Paving materials and mixtures _ Planing-mill products__________ Plumbing supplies_____________ Pumps and pumping equipm ent. Rail fastenings, excluding s Rails, steel . R ailway cars, freight_____________________________________ _______________________________ Railway cars, mail and express________ __________________________________________________ Railway cars, passenger________________ _______________________ _________________________ Refrigerators and refrigerator cabinets, including mechanical refrigerators.______ _________ Roofing, built-up, and roll; asphalt shingles; roof coatings, other than p a in t._____ ________ R ubber goods..... ................... ........... ............. ............................. ....................................................... Sand and gravel_________________________________ ________ _______________________________ Sheet-metal w ork_________________________ _____ _________________________________ _______ Smelting and refining lead_____________ __________ _____ _________________________________ Spring, steel___________________ ______ _________________ _________ ___________ _________ Steam and hot-water heating apparatus__________________________________________________ Steel-works and rolling-mill products, other than steel rails, including structural and orna mental metal w ork....................................... ..................... ...................................................... .......... Switches, railway......... ....................................................................................................... ................. Tools, other than machine tools__________________________________________________________ W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor com position____ ____________ _______ Wire, drawn from purchased rods_____________ ___________________________________________ Other____________________________________________________________________________________ Public road projects 2________________________________________________________ ; ................. Total.. Value of m a terial orders placed i $165,866 97,646 45,946 2, 587,995 37, 516 2,369, 250 244, 627 209,684 63,612 123, 644 100,837 116,500 138,865 117,887 317,728 315,993 629,658 6,998,937 21,883,081 570, 273 219,157 43, 542 229,370 13, 392 240,309 238, 619 10,176 156, 249 114,949 11, 408, 669 357,894 102,388 56,062 445, 685 384, 510 7,400,000 69, 334, 754 1 Subject to revision. 2 N ot available b y type of material. Orders were placed for materials by contractors and by Government agencies doing force-account work to be financed from the publicworks funds to total over $69,000,000. Nearly $22,000,000 of this fund was used for the purchase of freight cars, over $11,000,000 for steel works and rolling-mill products, and nearly $7,000,000 for steel rails. It is estimated that the fabrication of materials purchased during the month will create more than 150,000 man-months of labor. Included in the above table is $24,219,346 representing purchase orders placed by railroads for new equipment. These orders were placed in the following geographic divisions: Middle Atlantic, $8,996,927; East North Central, $11,023,654; West North Central, $551,043; South Atlantic, $3,647,722. Table 7 shows data concerning employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked in each of the 6 months during which employment has been created by expenditures from public-works funds. 44 T 7.—E M P L O Y M E N T , P A Y R O L L S , A N D M A N -H O U R S W O R K E D D U R IN G O C T O B E R 1933 T O M A R C H 1934, ON P R O JE C T S F IN A N C E D F R O M P U B L IC -W O R K S F U N D S , BY M ONTH able Number of Am ount of wage earners 1 pay r o ll1 M onth 1933 October_ __________________________ N ovem ber_________ ____ ___________ D ecem ber_____ ____________________ 1934 January__________ _ __________ February.____ _____________________ M arch______________________________ Num ber of man-hours worked 1 Average earnings per hour 1 Value of material orders placed 1 114,098 254,784 270,808 $7,006,680 14, 458, 364 15, 724, 700 14,077,752 28,168, 280 29,866, 297 $0.498 .513 .527 $22,005,920 24, 605,055 24,839,098 273,583 295,722 292,696 14,574,960 15, 245,381 15, 636,545 27,659, 581 28,938,177 29,171, 634 .527 .527 .536 23,522,929 24, 562, 311 69, 334, 754 1 Subject to revision. Bad weather in March again curtailed employment on construction projects. Total .employment on public-work projects including workers in railroad shops reached a total in March of over 292,000. During the 6 months in which workers have been employed in publicwork funds public disbursements for pay rolls exceeded $82,000,000. The value of material orders placed has reached the total of over $188,000,000. These figures should not be construed to show the relationship of the cost of labor to material on public-works projects as the total pay-roll figures are amounts actually paid to labor on the job while the value of material shown is the total value of purchase orders placed. Much of this may not be used for several months. Civil Works Administration T h e Civil Works Administration is financed by an allotment of Public Works Administration funds. The employment under this organization will entirely cease on May 1. The Civil Works Admin istration was created early in November to give work to the unem ployed during the winter months. * During the week ending January 18, over 4,000,000 people were employed from Civil Works Adminis tration funds. Since that time there has been a steady decrease in Civil Works Administration workers. Table 8 shows the number of employees whose wages are paid by the Civil Works Administration for the weeks ending March 1 and March 29. T able 8 —N U M B E R OF E M P L O Y E E S A N D A M O U N T S OF P A Y R O L L S ON C IV IL W O R K S P R O J E C T S , M A R . 1, 1934, A N D M A R . 29, 1934 Geographic division Number of employees, week ending— Mar. 1, 1934 New England_________________________________ M iddle Atlantic_______________________ _____ East N orth Central___ _ ____________________ W est North Central__________________________ South A tlantic________ ______ ________________ East South Central................... ........... .................. W est South Central______ _____________ ______ M ountain____ ________________________ ______ Pacific________________________________________ T otal_______________________ __ _ Percent of change_____ ___________________ ____ 194,673 626, 794 639,196 346,472 338, 209 204,442 293,432 96,323 197,801 2, 937,342 Am ount of pay roll, week ending— Mar. 29, 1934 M ar. 1, 1934 Mar. 29,1934 139,445 558,939 442, 517 171,334 168, 264 106,654 173,035 57,815 117,696 1,935, 699 -3 4 .1 $2, 558,648 7,704,254 8, 644, 503 3, 660,065 3,150,458 1, 718, 691 2, 611,658 1,349,902 2,743,304 34,141,483 $2,000,017 8, 206,762 6,896,610 2,160,633 1,914,362 1,156,151 1,884,779 976,381 1,770,753 26,966,448 -2 1 .0 45 During the week ending March 29 there were less than 2,000,000 employees on the pay rolls of the Civil Works Administration. This is a decrease of over 1,000,000 as compared with the week ending March 1. Disbursements for pay rolls for the week ending March 29 were 21 percent less than for the week ending March 1. Emergency Conservation Work M a r c h was the recruiting month in the C.C.C. camps. The total employment had not been completed during the month, therefore this resulted in a decrease of nearly 70,000 employees on the rolls of the Emergency Conservation Work comparing March with February 1934. Funds for the E.C.W. are now paid by an allotment made from public-works funds. Table 9 shows employment and pay rolls for Emergency Conserva tion Work during the months of February and March 1934, by type of work. T able 9 .— E M P L O Y M E N T A N D P A Y R O L L S IN T H E E M E R G E N C Y C O N S E R V A T IO N W O R K , F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934 Number of employees Am ount of pay rolls Group February 1934 Enrolled personnel_________ __________________ Reserve officers________________ ______________ Educational advisers_____________ ___________ Supervisory and technical_______________ ______ Carpenters, electricians, and laborers__________ T otal___ _____ i Revised. March 1934 289,567 4,730 649 19, 598 7,087 321,631 2 Subject 220,249 4,846 654 20,119 2,076 247,944 February 1934 $9,043,176 i 928,379 100,192 2,292, 366 708,655 13,072,768 M arch 1934 $6,878,370 2 1,181,077 100,933 2,441,760 204,830 10,806,970 to revision. Information concerning employment and pay rolls for the workers enumerated in the above table are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of the Interior. The pay roll for the enrolled personnel is figured as follows: 5 percent are paid $45 per month, 8 percent are paid $36 per month, and the remaining 87 percent are paid $30 per month. Beginning with March, educational advisers were established in a number of camps. It is planned ultimately to have an educational adviser in each of the 1,500 C.C.C. camps. These instructors are sent to camp to strengthen and broaden the educational plans pre viously being carried out under the direction of the War Department. Their duties will comprise the supervising of such educational courses as are suited to the needs of any particular camp, the basic thought being to impart instructions that will be of maximum use to men upon leaving camp. The educational courses are not mandatory, but all men are urged to avail themselves of the opportunity for better educa 46 tion. The prevailing working hours on forestry projects will not be disturbed. Hours other than normal working periods and periods of inclement weather will therefore be utilized for the purpose of instructions. By the end of March there were 654 instructors at work in the camps. Table 10 shows the monthly total of employees and pay rolls of the Emergency Conservation Work from the inception of the work in M ay 1933 to March 1934, inclusive. T able 1 0 .—M O N T H L Y T O T A L S OF E M P L O Y E E S A N D P A Y R O L L S IN T H E E M E R G E N C Y C O N S E R V A T IO N W O R K , M A Y 1933-M A RC H 1934 Number Amount of of em pay roll ployees M onths 1933 ________ ____________ . June______ _ ________ _____ July________________________ August__________ ________ September_____________ ____ October______________ ______ 191,380 283,481 316,109 307,100 242,968 294,861 M$6, a y388, 760 9, 876, 780 11,482, 262 11, 604,401 9, 759, 628 12, 311, 033 Number Am ount of of em pay roll ployees M onths 344, 273 321, 701 $14, 554, 695 12, 951, 042 1934 January__ ______ ________ 331,433 February___________________ 2 321,631 M arch___ ___________________ 1 247,944 13, 577, 665 213,072,768 1 10,806,970 N ovem ber_______ _________ December .... .......... ............ 1 Subject to revision. 2 Revised. Employment on Public Roads (Other than Public Works) T HERE are still a few employees working on public roads which are financed from Federal funds appropriated previous to the inauguration of the public-works program. This carry-over fund, however, is nearly exhausted. Table 1, below, shows the number of employees, exclusive of those paid from the public-works fund, engaged in building and maintaining State and Federal roads during the months of February and March, by geographic divisions. — N U M B E R OF E M P L O Y E E S E N G A G E D IN T H E C O N S T R U C T IO N A N D M A I N ' T E N A N C E OF P U B L IC R O A D S , S T A T E A N D F E D E R A L , D U R IN G F E B R U A R Y A N D M A R C H 1934, B Y G E O G R A P H IC D IV IS IO N S i T able 1 Federal Geographic division N um ber of employees Febru March ary State Amount of pay rolls N um ber of em ployees Am ount of pay rolls Febru ary March Febru ary February M arch March N ew England______________ M iddle A tlantic________ East North Central. ___ West North Central________ South Atlantic-------------------East South Central________ West South Central________ M ountain_____________ _____ P a cific.____ ________________ 14 196 510 360 504 37 455 295 11 10 19 219 102 286 145 292 253 70 $1, 344 12, 252 35,848 15,408 20, 648 1, 924 31,464 23,196 444 $969 1,417 17, 900 7,052 19,104 5,322 23,418 20, 213 5, 796 7,703 41, 509 21, 375 16, 315 29, 830 8, 356 10,093 4,847 9,187 13, 968 39, 737 18,426 13,281 30,496 10,904 11,061 4, 051 10, 205 $460, 732 1, 552, 044 1,191, 668 883,888 940, 772 342, 364 658, 592 352,044 749,500 $800,474 1, 984, 939 1,061,891 755,478 1,134,178 332,835 736,422 342,118 841,430 Total_________________ Percent of change__________ 2,382 1, 396 —41.4 142, 528 101,191 -2 9 .0 149,215 152,129 + 2 .0 7,131,604 7,989,765 + 1 2 .0 1 Excluding em ploym ent furnished b y projects financed from public-works fund. 47 There were only 1,396 employees paid from the carry-over Federalaid fund supervised by the United States Bureau of Public Roads. This is a decrease of 41.4 percent as compared with the number employed from this fund in February. Monthly pay rolls totaled slightly over $100,000. There was an increase of 2 percent in the number of road workers paid from strictly State funds comparing March and February. Of these State workers, 86.9 percent were engaged in maintenance work and 13.1 percent in the construction of new roads during the month of March. During February, 85 percent were engaged in maintenance work and 15 percent in new road work. Pay rolls for State road workers increased 12 percent. Five geo graphic divisions registered increases and four decreases in the amount paid to this class of workers. Table 2 shows the number of employees engaged in the construction and maintenance of public roads, State and Federal, by months, January 1933 to March 1934. T a b l e 2 —N U M B E R OF E M P L O Y E E S E N G A G E D IN T H E C O N ST R U C TIO N A N D M A IN T E N A N C E OF PU B L IC ROADS, STA TE A N D F E D E R A L , B Y M O N TH S, 1933 A N D 1934 i State Federal M onth Amount of pay rolls 2 Number of employees 74,405 76,969 94,491 121,089 138,934 151, 614 128,801 106,907 79,980 56,872 38,112 21,345 $2,124, 565 1,134, 726 190,895 176,991 183,450 177, 556 190,253 207, 243 202,986 218,524 222,858 229,971 234,144 187, 623 $15,193,804 10, 228,360 7, 633 2, 382 1, 396 388,426 142, 528 101,191 161, 785 149, 215 152,129 8, 684,109 7,131,604 7,989, 765 Number of employees 1933 January___ _________ _______________________ . _ February__________________ ____ ________ ________ M arch______________ ___ _____________ April________ ___________ ___________ ___ . _ M a y __________ _______________ _ _ June________ _____ __________ ___________________ July___________________ _____ _______________ . August_______ _____ __________________ _________ September____ ____ _____________________ __ October_________ ___________ ______ N ovem ber________ ______________ ______ _ _______ December___________________________________ 1934 January__________ __________ _____ _ F eb ru a ry._ ______ __________________ __________ M arch______ ___________ ______________________ 1 Excluding employment furnished by projects financed from public-works fund. 2 Pay rolls not available prior to November 1933. O Amount o f pay rolls 2
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