Full text of Employment and Payrolls : December 1935
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Serial No. R . 343
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
Employment and Pay Rolls
(Formerly “ Trend of Employment” )
+
December 1935
Prepared by
Division of Employment Statistics
L ewis E. T
alb ert ,
Chief
and
Division of Construction and Public Employment
H e r m a n B. B yer , Chief
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936
Contents
Page
Summary of developments in December___________________________________
Part I— Private employment:
Manufacturing industries:
Employment, pay rolls, and earnings in December 1935_________
Indexes and estimates of factory employment and pay rolls,
January 1934 to December 1935_______________________________
Trade, public utility, mining, service industries, and building con
struction:
Employment, pay rolls, and earnings in December 1935_________
Indexes of employment and pay rolls, January 1934 to De
cember L935____________________________________________________
Employment on class I railroads______________________________________
Trend of employment by States______________________________________
Employment and pay rolls in principal cities_________________________
Part II— Public employment______________________________________________
Executive service of the Federal Government________________________
Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration_____
Monthly trend____________________________________________________
The Works Program__________________________________________________
Monthly trend____________________________________________________
Emergency work program_____________________________________________
Emergency conservation work________________________________________
Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration_____________________________________________________________
Construction projects financed from regular appropriations__________
Material orders placed___________________________________________
State-road projects____________________________________________________
(ID
1
2
9
22
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
36
37
41
41
43
43
45
47
52
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Summary of Developments in December
F
OLLOWING the moderate decline of the month preceding, in
dustrial employment in December again turned upward. Between
the middle of November and the middle of December approxi
mately 322,000 workers were added to the pay rolls of the manufac
turing and nonmanufacturing industries regularly surveyed by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. At the same time weekly wage disburse
ments rose $13,300,000. These gains more than counterbalanced the
November decrease and brought the aggregate employment in the
industries surveyed to the highest level since December 1930. Com
pared with the corresponding month of 1934, December 1935 showed
693.000 more workers on the pay rolls of these industries and $38,100.000 more in weekly wage disbursements.
The major factor contributing to the December increase was the
substantial gain of 342,000 workers employed by retail trade estab
lishments. This increase— 10. 3 percent— reflects the expected spurt
in holiday buying, but it is significant that the December employment
index for the department, variety, general-merchandising stores, and
mail-order-house group of retail-trade establishments was higher than
in the corresponding month of 1929. Apart from the marked rise
recorded for the retail-trade establishments, increased employment
was also reported by wholesale establishments, both branches of the
coal industry, metal mining, and by banks, insurance, and brokerage
establishments. Seasonal declines in employment, on the other hand,
were reported in quarrying, private building construction, and dyeing
and cleaning establishments. Employment also fell off in public
utilities and some of the service industries. Despite these declines,
the net gains over November in all of the nonmanufacturing industries
for which information is available amounted to 351,000 in the number
of workers employed and $9,000,000 in weekly pay rolls.
In contrast with the nonmanufacturing industries, factory em
ployment declined in December. The decrease, however, was
distinctly below the usual seasonal proportions and for manufactur
ing as a whole it is estimated that employment during the month was
within 0.4 percent of the November level. Both the durable and
nondurable groups shared in the decline.
(1)
2
In spite of the decrease in factory employment, pay rolls increased
2.8 percent from November to December. This gain indicates that
the amount paid out in weekly wages to factory workers in December
was $4,300,000 more than in the previous month.
Public employment in December was featured by a sharp rise in
the number of workers employed on construction projects financed
by the Emergency Relief Act of 1935 and an abrupt decline in reliefwork employment. In the regular agencies of the Federal Govern
ment, minor increases were reported for the executive, judicial, and
military services, but employment in the legislative branch declined
slightly.
Part I— Private Employment
Manufacturing Industries
Employment, pay rolls, and earnings in December 1935
T he decline of 0.4 percent in factory employment in December
carried the Bureau of Labor Statistics' index to 84.6 percent of the
1923-25 average. With the exception of the 2 months immediately
preceding, this is the highest point reached since November 1930.
The smaller than seasonal decline in employment from November to
December 1935 was due to the fact that 40 of the 90 manufacturing
industries reported gains in employment. A number of the industries
reporting increases usually experience an employment decline in
December. The favorable comparison is further noteworthy because
of the f act that the automobile industry did not influence the monthly
movement in December 1935 to the extent usual in recent years.
Employment in manufacturing in December 1935 shows an increase
of 8.2 percent over December 1934 and 36.2 percent over December
1932.
Despite the decline in factory employment, weekly wage disburse
ments in December were 2.8 percent greater than in November. This
brought the index of factory pay rolls to 76.6, the highest level reached
since November 1930. The rise in pay rolls in December is explained,
in part, by the fact that in November pay rolls were depressed by the
observance of Armistice Day in many important manufacturing
centers.
Of the 14 major manufacturing groups, 5 showed gains in employ
ment from November to December. The transportation group, with
a net gain of 13,600 workers during the month interval, reported
the largest increase. This is the third successive month that the trans
portation group has ranked first in the number of workers added to
the pay rolls. During this period more than 150,000 workers have
found jobs in the transportation-equipment industries. Other major
groups reporting increased-employment in December were the leather,
paper and printing, rubber products, and railroad repair shops. In
3
all, these 4 groups employed 19,200 more workers in December than
in November. Among the groups showing declines in employment
were the food group (23,700), the lumber group (13,800), and the
machinery group (6,200).
Among the separate industries, the most pronounced gains in
employment over the month interval were in the electric- and steamcar building industry (9.1 percent), boots and shoes (6.4 percent),
wirework (4.4. percent), and agricultural implements (4.1 percent).
Employment in the cast-iron pipe industry increased 3.1 percent and
gains of 3 percent each were shown in the iron and steel forgings and
the textile machinery industries. Among the remaining 34 industries
reporting employment gains were such important industries as auto
mobiles (2.3 percent), book and job printing (2.3 percent), foundries
and machine shops (1.8 percent), cotton goods (1.8 percent), slaughter
ing and meat packing (1.8 percent), newspapers and periodicals (1.2
percent), machine tools (1.4 percent), silk and rayon goods (2.1 per
cent), and blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills (1.0 percent).
Seasonal declines in employment were reported in December in
beet sugar (39.2 percent), canning and preserving (18.9 percent),
radios and phonographs (15.3 percent), jewelry (9.5 percent), cement
(9.4 percent), stoves (8 percent), and cottonseed— oil, cake, meal (7.8
percent). The soap industry reported a decrease of 6.2 percent in
employment over the month interval and losses ranging from 3 percent
to 3.9 percent were reported in steam and hot-water heating apparatus,
men’s furnishings, flour, millwork, explosives, shirts and collars, and
aircraft.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from data supplied by representative establishments in 90 manufac
turing industries. The base used in computing these indexes is the
3-year average, 1923-25. In December 1935, reports were received
from 23,568 establishments employing 4,006,208 workers whose
weekly earnings were $89,314,655. The employment reports re
ceived from these cooperating establishments cover more than 55
percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of
the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90
industries included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ monthly survey.
Per capita weekly earnings in all manufacturing industries combined
were $22.29 in December, a gain of 3.1 percent over November.
Seventy-seven of the 90 industries surveyed showed gains in average
per capita weekly earnings ranging from 0.5 to 20.9 percent.
Some of the establishments that report employment and pay-roll
totals do not report man-hours. Consequently, average hours and
average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller
number of establishments than are used in computing per capita
weekly earnings and indexes of employment and pay rolls. Average
4
hours worked per week in all manufacturing industries combined rose
2.6 percent from November to December, the average for November
having been 37.8 as against 38.8 for December. Average hourly
earnings rose 0.7 percent from 56.7 to 57.1 cents. Seventy-three of
the 87 industries for which man-hour data are published showed
gains in average hours worked per week, and 55 showed increases in
hourly rates of pay.
Indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked per
week, average hourly earnings, and per capita weekly earnings in
manufacturing industries in December are presented in table 1.
Percentage changes from November 1935 to December 1935 and from
December 1934 to December 1935 are also given in this table.
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, December 1935
Employment
Industry
All industries.
Durable goods_____
Nondurable goods..
Average weekly
earnings 1
Pay roll
Percentage
Index
Decem change from—
ber
1935
(3-year
Decem
average Novem
ber
ber
1923-25
1935
1934
= 100)
Average hours worked
per week 2
Average hourly
earnings 2
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index
change from—
change from—
change from—
Decem change from—
ber
Decem
Decem
Decem
1935
ber
ber
ber
(3-year N ovem
Decem 1935 N ovem Decem
1935 N ovem Decem
1935 N ovem Decem
average
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
1923-25
1935
1934
1934
1935
1935
1934
1934
1935
= 100)
84.6
- 0 .5
+ 8.3
76.6
+ 2 .8
+21.2
$22.29
+ 3 .3
+11.9
38.8
+ 2 .6
+10.5
Cents
57.1
+ 0 .7
+ 1 .2
75.7
94.2
-.5
-.4
+17.5
+ 1.5
70.1
85.1
+ 2 .9
+ 2 .9
+39.1
+7 .0
24.91
19.76
+ 3 .5
+ 3 .3
+18.3
+ 5 .4
40.1
37.5
+ 2 .3
+ 2 .7
+13.9
+ 5 .7
61.4
53.1
+ .7
+ .8
+ 2 .4
0
76.6
77.0
83.7
52.8
-.3
+ 1 .0
+. 6
+ 3.1
+15.0
+15.1
+12.0
+ 8.9
68.8
72.0
76.3
34.1
+ 5 .7
+ 8 .4
+ 9 .6
+12.1
+44.5
+54.8
+42.1
+ 24.5
24.62
25.89
23. 73
17.46
+ 5 .9
+ 7 .3
+ 9 .0
+ 8 .6
+25.6
+34.9
+26.6
+ 14.5
39.4
38.9
41.4
35.5
+ 5 .1
+ 6 .9
+ 8 .4
+ 9 .9
+24.2
+35.6
+23.3
+13.9
61.8
66.7
57.3
48.7
+ .5
+ .5
+ .5
-.8
+ .4
-.4
+ 1 .7
-1 .8
80.9
67.1
57.6
94.0
+• 1
+ 3 .0
+ 1 .3
- 1 .7
+ 5.6
+22.2
+14.3
+46.4
71.2
55.5
57.4
61.2
+ 4 .9
+ 7 .7
+ 3 .1
+ 2 .0
+23.6
+27.6
+ 39.7
+53.4
21.70
25.97
23.08
21. 75
+ 4 .8
+ 4 .6
+ 1 .7
+ 3 .7
+17.1
+ 4 .2
+22.8
+ 5 .0
40.8
42.1
41.7
38.6
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .2
+ 1 .7
+ 3 .2
+15.7
+ 3 .3
+22.3
+ 6 .8
53.7
61.7
55.7
56.3
+ 2 .9
+ .2
-.2
+ .4
+ 1 .6
+ 1 .3
0
-2 .4
57.0
99.8
56.6
92.9
-3 .0
-8 .0
- 3 .3
- 2 .5
+17.3
+15.9
- 1 .7
+ 8 .7
40.7
80.7
45.0
91.5
- 1 .9
-6 .2
+ .6
+ (3)
+29.6
+32.1
+14.8
+ 14.9
22.84
22.67
21.86
20.66
+ 1 .2
+ 2 .0
+ 4 .0
+ 2 .6
+ 9 .9
+ 14.0
+16.8
+ 5 .9
38.9
39.5
37.6
38.2
0
+ 1 .8
+ 4 .4
+ 2 .1
+ 8 .4
+10.4
+ 14.5
+ 3 .8
58.5
56.5
58.1
54.0
+ .7
0
-.3
+ .6
+ .7
+ 1 .7
+ 2 .0
+ 1 .3
73.2
144.4
+ 2 .6
+ 4 .4
+23.4
+14.5
76.0
145.7
+ 6 .9
+ 7 .5
+45.9
+ 35.9
23.59
24.02
+ 4 .2
+ 3 .0
+18.1
+18.6
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, n o t in
cluding machinery.. .............................................
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m ills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets________ ____
Cast-iron pipe_______________________________
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut
lery) and edge to o ls ................ ...................... .
Forgings, iron and steel.............. ..................... .
Hardware___________ _______________________
Plumbers’ supplies__________________________
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings____ ________________________
Stoves_____________________________________ _
Structural and ornamental metalwork. _.......
T in cans and other tinware_________________
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)_________ ________________
W irework_________________ _________________
44.0
+ 4 .5 + 19.8
53.4
-.4
-.7
+ 3 .2 +17.1
42.4
56.7
0
+ 1 .7
1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments, Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. Percentage changes over
month in the groups and in “ All industries” also computed from indexes.
2 Computed from available man-hour data—all reporting establishments do not furnish man-hours, Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. The average hours
and average hourly earnings in the groups and in “ All industries” are weighted.
3 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
Table 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, December 1935— Continued
Industry
Durable goods— Continued
Machinery, n o t including transportation
equipm ent....... .......... .............................................
Agricultural implements____________________
Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu
lating machines___________________
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup
plies............ ............... .......... ............................
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Foundry and machine-shop products________
Machine tools________________ _____- ................
Radios and phon ogra p h s...................................
Textile machinery and parts..............................
Typewriters and parts....................................... .
Average weekly
earnings
Pay roll
Employment
Percentage
Index
Decem change from—
ber
1935
(3-year Novem Decem
average
ber
ber
1923-25
1935
1934
= 100)
Cents
- 0 .7
+ 4 .1
+18.6
+53.8
80.7
155.2
+ 2 .3
+ 7 .0
+34.1
+70.2
111.4
+ 1 .7
+11.5
96.1
+ 8 .5
74.0
105.3
79.0
101.5
230.0
68.0
107.5
- 1 .9
+ 2 .3
+ 1 .8
+ 1.4
-1 5 .3
+ 3 .0
+ (3)
+12.8
+37.3
+18.3
+40.6
+10.6
+ 8 .8
+ 3 .0
65.1
79.0
68.5
96.0
143.7
61.1
96.0
+• 7
+ 3 .8
+ 4 .9
+ 6 .4
-2 0 .1
+12.3
-3 .3
Transportation equipm ent..................................
Aircraft...... .............................................................
Automobiles___ _____________________________
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad.................... .
Locom otives...........................................................
Shipbuilding...........................................................
103.4
430.3
118.2
50.1
22.8
82.9
+2 .4
- 3 .9
+ 2.3
+ 9.1
-.1
+ .7
+31.9
+59.7
+33.0
+47.4
-3 7 .5
+21.0
104.4
361.0
118.8
55.2
10.6
77.2
Railroad repair sh o p s.............................................
Electric railroad-.................................................
Steam railroad.......... ........................ ...................
55.8
64.8
55.1
+ .2
-.4
+ .1
+7.3
- 1 .1
+ 8 .0
Non ferrous m etals and their products...........
Aluminum manufactures_________ _________
Brass, bronze, and copper products____ ______
Clocks and watches and time-recording de
vices......................................................... ............
Jewelry............................................................. .......
Lighting equipment..............................................
92.3
82.1
88.5
-.9
- 1 .0
-.5
94.5
76.0
86.9
71.3
+. 1
-9 .5
+ ( 3)
-2 .3
Average hourly
earnings
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index
change from—
change from—
change from—
Decem change from—
ber
Decem
Decem
Decem
1935
ber
ber
ber
(3-year Novem Decem
1935 N ovem Decem 1935 N ovem Decem
N
ovem
Decem
1935
average ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
1923-25
1935
1935
1934
1934
1935
1935
1934
1934
= 100)
93.1
128.9
Silverware and plated ware......................... .
Average hours worked
per week
+13.0
+10.7
40.1
40.1
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .8
+11.6
+ 4 .2
60.8
61.8
+ 6 .7
+ 5 .5
.41.3
+ 2 .6
+ 1 .5
+ 3 .0
+ 4 .9
- 5 .7
+ 9 .1
- 3 .3
+10.3
+ 8 .9
+16.7
+20.8
- 1 .5
+10.6
- 3 .9
39.3
39.5
41.1
44.6
35.3
40.7
39.8
+ 7 .3
+ 2 .6
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .3
+ 3 .0
+ 4 .7
- 9 .5
+10.9
- 2 .7
+11.1
+ 1 .7
+16.4
+19.3
+ 1.1
+ 9 .7
-4 .5
29.08
26. 66
29. 72
23.08
24.48
26.84
+. 5
+ 4 .7
-.5
+ 6 .9
+ 5 .6
+ 5 .6
+17.2
- 3 .1
+16.8
+19.3
+ 2 .9
+15.1
39.3
41.9
39.8
37.2
39.0
34.3
-.3
+ .7
-1 .0
+ 5 .4
+ 5 .4
+ 4 .6
+28.6
+ 5 .8
+30.8
28.87
28. 36
28.99
+ 4 .6
+ 4 .7
+ 5 .0
+19.8
+ 6 .8
+21.4
42.7
45.9
42.4
+ 1 .1
-.4
+ .7
+28.5
+ 20.0
+32.0
22.93
22. 58
24.04
+ 2 .0
+. 6
+ 1 .2
+10.3
+ 7 .3
+10.5
- 2 .1
-.4
+ 1 .4
-3 .0
+35.0
+ 2 .7
+ 40.9
+ 5 .6
21.24
22.89
23.09
23.42
- 2 .2
+ 10.0
+ 1 .4
-.7
+12.8
+. 6
+13.1
$24.62
24.69
+ 3 .1
+ 2 .8
+ 17.6
28.32
+ 24.7
+49.9
+ 37.8
+ 70.2
+ 8 .9
+ 20.0
-1 .3
24.08
27.46
24.67
28.23
19.37
24. 60
22.84
+ 2 .9
+• 6
+ 1 .8
+16.6
+ 5.4
+ 6 .4
+54.4
+54.7
+55.5
+75.2
-3 6 .1
+39.6
57.1
61.8
56.9
+ 4 .8
+ 4 .3
+ 5.1
+16.5
+11.7
+19.6
79.4
76.7
73.4
+19.6
+ 2 .2
+24.5
88.8
65.1
84.7
58.7
+.8
t 4-5
+ 0 .8
0
+ 1 .2
+ 5 .3
68.9
-.4
+ 2 .0
61.0
69.5
60.0
63.2
55.0
60.6
57.5
+ .8
+• 1
+ .2
+ .2
+ 4 .4
-1 .6
-.3
+• 4
+ 6 .6
+. 5
+ 1 .7
- 2 .3
+ .9
+ 1.3
+11.8
+ 10.4
+11.4
+14.7
+ 5.1
+13.5
74.0
65.6
74.8
62.1
62.8
77.4
+ .4
+ .5
+ .4
+ 1 .5
+ 1 .3
+ 4 .1
-9 .0
+ 4 .8
+ 3 .5
- 3 .2
+ 2.7
+ 4 .7
+ 5 .3
+ 4 .7
+11.1
+ 3 .8
+12.7
67.9
61.2
68.5
+ .4
0
+ .4
+ 7 .4
+ 1.3
+ 7 .8
41.7
41.0
41.8
+ 1 .5
+ .7
+ 1 .5
+11.0
+ 5 .9
+12.1
54.6
54.5
57.5
+ .4
-.4
-.3
+ 1 .0
+ .6
-1 .6
44.0
40.5
42.6
40-3.
-2 .2
+ 5 .2
+ .7
+11.0
+ 6 .2
+12.2
+ 1 .6
48.2
55.4
54.7
57.5
-.2
+ 3 .7
+ 1 .4
-.6
+ 1 .2
+ 3 .1
-1 .5
+ .2
+.9
+.7
46942— 36-
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.
Stamped and enameled ware....................... .
89.7
117.0
+ 2 .0
+ .7
+20.1
+19.6
Lum ber and allied products...............................
Furniture.______ ___________ _____ _________
Lumber:
M illw ork .......................................................
Sawmills________________________________
Turpentine and rosin_______________________
Stone, clay, and glass products.............. ...........
Brick, tile, and terra cotta..................................
Cement...................................................................
Glass___________________ ___________________
Marble, granite, slate, and other products___
Pottery...................................................................
54.5
74.8
- 2 .7
- 2 .8
46.9
35.1
99.7
55.3
33.9
45.0
97.8
27.1
69.1
96.9
96.4
82.3
92.2
90.5
111.0
83.6
115.2
74.0
102.4
93.8
89.7
120.4
83.3
106.4
49.3
105.6
86.3
82.8
100.4
96.8
112.4
150.1
68.5
66.8
86.6
73.2
59.8
84.3
145.2
77.6
Nondurable goods
Textiles a n d th eir p r o d u c ts ...............
Fabrics.......... .....................................
Carpets and rugs...................... .
Cotton goods......................... .
Cotton small wares....................
Dyeing and finishing textiles..
Hats, fur-felt...............................
Knit goods_________ __________
Silk and rayon goods_________
W oolen and worsted goods____
Wearing apparel___________ ______
Clothing, men’s 4._____ _______
Clothing, w om en’s____________
Corsets and allied garments . . .
M en’s furnishings............. .........
M illinery_____ _______________
Shirts and collars___ ____ _____
L ea th er a n d its m a n u fa c t u r e s ........
Boots and shoes......................... ........
Leather.............................. .................
F o o d a n d k in d re d p r o d u c ts ________
Baking..
+ 6 .5
+ 1 .8
+41.4
+ 32.5
23.72
20.95
+110
+15.1
65.9
102.8
44.2
58.4
- 1 .8
- 1 .5
+32.7
+27.2
- 3 .6
- 2 .7
- 1 .0
- 2 .1
-2 .0
- 9 .4
-.6
-.9
- 1 .3
+27.8
+11.1
+ 7.3
+10.2
+21.1
+ 8.2
+11.9
+ 7 .5
- 2 .1
39.0
25.9
64.4
44.6
23.3
31.1
94.2
18.5
55.9
-1 .6
-2 .2
- 2 .1
+ 1 .6
-.4
-6 .6
+ 3 .3
+ 4 .7
+ 2 .4
-.1
+ .3
-.3
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .2
-.6
+ .9
- 2 .0
+ 2.1
-.7
- 1 .1
+ .9
-1 .2
- 2 .2
- 3 .0
- 1 .6
- 3 .8
+ 4 .9
+ 6 .4
+ .1
- 3 .7
- 1 .0
- 1 .9
- 2 .4
-1 8 .9
+ 1 .6
- 3 .4
- 2 .8
+ 1 .8
-3 9 .2
+ 1 .1
+ 4.4
+ 2 .6
+29.0
- 4 .0
+ 9 .0
- 3 .3
+ 8.6
+ 4.3
- 3 .0
+19.6
+ 9.1
+13.4
+ 7.9
- 6 . 7'
- 1 .8
-1 1 .8
+16.7
+ 1.8
-.1
+ 8.3
- 6 .9
- 2 .6
+ .9
- 5 .3
- 5 .2
- 5 .1
- 5 .2
- 2 .0
-2 0 .1
+28.5
-1 1 .5
81.9
85.3
73.5
81.2
84.5
93.5
84.9
113.0
63.9
84.3
70.5
67.1
84.0
77.5
76.4
36.3
103.7
75.4
66.7
103.7
90.5
99.4
147.4
55.0
77.6
81.3
64.5
51.1
79.7
122.0
70.7
+ 2 .8
+ 3 .3
+ 4 .3
+ 5 .7
+ 7 .5
+ 6 .0
+22.0
- 5 .9
+ 4 .9
+ 6 .2
+ 1 .9
+ 4.1
+ 3.4
- 1 .6
- 9 .1
+ 4 .0
- 6 .8
+13.2
+18.9
+ 2 .3
- 1 .5
-.3
-2 .5
+ 1 .1
-1 3 .6
+10.2
-4 .7
-.3
+ 2 .6
- 3 9 .8
+13.4
+17.9
+10.9
42.1
40.9
+ 4 .5
+ .5
+ 12.2
+10.1
56.3
51.2
+ .2
+ .4
+ 5 .4
+ 1 .0
18.25
18. 55
+ 4 .5
+ 1 .1
+ .9
+ 1 .3
+ 16.4
+10.3
40.7
40.8
+ 1 .5
+ 1 .2
+ 15.9
+13.9
44.6
45.1
-.7
0
-.5
- 2 .1
+ 58.5
+ 29.5
+28.3
+29.7
+52.3
+29.0
+31.0
+22.5
+ 11.8
19.46
17.78
14. 51
21.13
17.83
20.57
22. 62
22.72
21.53
+ 2 .0
+ .5
- 1 .1
+ 3 .9
+ 1 .6
+ 3 .1
+ 4 .0
+ 5 .6
+ 3 .8
+24.1
+17.5
+19.4
+ 17.6
+26.1
+19.2
+17.4
+13.3
+13.9
42.2
39.9
+ 1 .7
+ 2 .3
+23.3
+18.5
46.0
45.2
+ .4
- 1 .5
+ 1 .4
+ .3
38.1
39.4
36.0
37.8
35.8
39.6
+ 2 .4
+. 8
+ 2 .9
+ 2 .4
+ 6 .9
+ 3 .1
+15.2
+ 24.8
+16.5
+ 9 .7
+26.4
+ 9 .5
55.7
45.1
57.2
60.0
64.0
54.2
+ .9
-.2
+ .2
+ 1 .5
+ .5
+ .7
+ 3 .0
- 2 .1
+ 2 .3
+ 6 .6
- 7 .9
+ 5 .9
+ 8 .8
+ 6 .4
+44.1
0.0
+19.4
- 6 .1
+19.1
+ 3 .5
- 1 .5
+26.6
+ 15.0
+ 27.6
+ 8 .2
-8 .9
-1 .7
-1 7 .7
+30.1
+ 9 .1
+ 4 .7
+ 19.9
- 2 .7
+• 7
+ 9 .2
+ 3 .8
+ 5 .0
- 1 .8
+ 1 .4
+ 4 .1
- 1 9 .0
+ 78.6
-2 .5
16.50
16.43
19.83
13.89
18.03
19.74
24.22
16.83
15.86
18.89
16. 76
17.74
17.55
15.09
14. 39
17.24
13.08
18.74
17.64
22.21
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .9
+ 4 .6
+ 3 .9
+ 6 .2
+ 6 .5
+20.9
-4 .0
+ 2 .8
+ 7 .0
+ 3 .0
+ 3.1
+ 4 .7
+. 6
-6 .3
+ 5 .6
-3 .2
+ 8 .0
+11.7
+ 2 .2
35.6
37.2
35.8
37.5
40.0
37.6
35.7
35.8
36.6
38.3
31.7
30.3
32.0
31.7
35.8
+ 2 .6
+ 3 .3
+ 5 .3
+ 4 .2
+ 7 .2
+ 6 .8
+26.1
- 4 .0
+ 4 .0
+ 5 .8
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .8
+ 1 .6
+ 1 .3
- .8
+ 7 .4
+ 5 .1
+14.1
+ 6 .3
+ 6 .1
- 1 .1
+13.7
+ .9
+ 7 .2
+ 5 .7
+14.0
+18.6
+13.0
- 5 .9
+ 16.2
46.4
44.1
55.5
37.0
45.2
52.3
68.5
47.7
43.5
49.4
+ .4
-.2
-.4
0
-.9
-.6
+ .3
- 2
-.9
+ 1 .0
51.7
58.3
51.8
46.8
35.9
+ 1 .8
+ .3
+ 3 .2
+ 1 .7
-.8
- 2 .1
- 1 .1
-.7
- 1 .8
+ 2 .7
- 1 .8
- 3 .4
- 2 .1
-4 .0
+ .2
- 6 .5
- 5 .9
-8 .7
+ 6 .0
-1 1 .5
34.3
37.3
36.6
39.6
+ 2 .3
+ .7
-.6
+ 3 .6
+ 6 .6
+ 8 .5
- 1 .3
+ 2 .5
+ .9
- 1 .1
+ 12.2
40.8
41.1
38.0
-4 .5
+ 9 .1
+12.3
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .3
+ .7
-.8
+19.3
+ 8 .1
+ 8 .3
+ 7 .6
21.62
22.27
29.40
21.38
14.19
17.05
22.43
26.69
23. 53
20.09
23.81
+ 4 .2
+ 3 .8
+11.7
+ 4 .3
+ 9 .5
-3 .0
+ 9 .6
-.9
+ 1 .6
+ 5 .7
+ 5 .5
+12.2
+ .3
- 2 .4
+• 1
-6 .8
+11.3
+ 7 .2
+ 4 .6
+10.5
+ 4 .6
+ 3 .3
+ 8 .2
+ 9 .5
+10.6
+ 3 .6
+ 7 .0
+ 6 .0
+ 1 .2
+ 39.0
+ 10.2
+ 4 .7
+ 5 .7
+ 8 .4
38.7
52.0
50.7
56.1
53.4
54.2
78.2
+ 1 .6
-.8
- 1 .0
+ .4
+ .9
+ .2
+ .3
- 5 .3
+ 1 .4
+ .5
+ 2 .3
.2
- 2 .1
+ .8
35.6
41.6
40.3
46.5
42.1
44.6
40.0
+ 5 .3
+10.1
-2 .2
+ 2 .0
+ 1 .7
-8 .2
+12.4
+10.3
+ 8 .1
+ 6 .2
+ 6 .3
0
+49.1
+ 1 .2
39.6
41.6
55.7
56.7
55.8
46.5
59.1
+ 2 .3
-1 .2
+ .5
+ .5
- 1 .1
+ 9 .9
+ .3
+ 1 .6
- 3 .8
+ 1 .6
- .4
+ .8
- 3 .6
+11.2
Butter
__________
Canning and preserving.............
C onfectionery............... ...............
Flour...............................................
Ice cream______ _______________
Slaughtering and meat packing.
Sugar, beet........... ........... ...........
Sugar refining, cane.....................
8 Less than Mo of 1 percent.
< Man-hour data revised as follows: Average hours, August 1934—28.7, percentage change from July 1934, + 7.5, percentage
earnings, August 1934—61.2, percentage change from July 1934, +2.0, percentage change from August 1933, +37.6.
change from August 1933, —14.8: average hourly
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, December 1935— Continued
Employment
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Tobacco m anufactures_______ _______ ________
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff____
Cigars and cigarettes......................................... .
Paper and printing..................................................
Boxes, paper..................................... .....................
Paper and p ulp........ - .............................. - ..........
Printing and publishing:
Book and jo b ...................................................
Newspapers and periodicals........................
Chemicals and allied products, and petro
leu m refining..................... .............. ...................
Other than petroleum refining...........................
Chemicals---------------- ------------------ ------Cottonseed—oil, cake, and m eal............... .
Druggists’ preparations............ - ..................
Explosives.................................................... .
Fertilizers.........................................................
Paints and varnishes.............. .......... ..........
R ayon and allied products..........................
Soap................. .................................................
Petroleum refining................................................
Rubber products.......................................................
Rubber boots and shoes.......................................
Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes..................................................
Rubber tires and inner tubes.............................
Average weekly
earnings
Pay roll
Percentage
Index
Decem change from—
ber
1935
(3-year Novem
Decem
average
ber
ber
1923-25
1935
1934
= 100)
Average hours worked
per week
Average hourly
earnings
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index
change from—
change from—
change from—
Decem change from—
ber
Decem
Decem
Decem
1935
ber
ber
ber
(3-year Novem
1935 N ovem Decem
1935 N ovem Decem
1935 Novem Decem
Decem
average
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
1923-25
1935
1934
1935
1935
1934
1934
1935
1934
= 100)
Cents
58.2
66.8
57.1
- 2 .5
+. 8
- 2 .8
- 6 .0
-6 .6
-5 .8
49.6
67.1
47.4
+ 1 .4
+ 5 .4
+ .8
-0 .6
-.4
-.6
$15.12
15.14
15.12
+ 4 .0
+ 4 .6
+ 3 .7
+ 5 .7
+ 6 .4
+ 5 .2
36.9
35.9
37.1
+ 3 .4
+ 5.3
+ 3 .3
+ 2 .2
+ 4 .8
+ 1 .6
41.3
42.3
41.2
+ 1 .0
-.7
+ 1 .5
+ 3 .0
+ 1 .7
+ 3 .9
99.7
90.4
110.0
+ 1 .0
- 2 .7
+ .9
+ 2 .3
+ 2.1
+ 2.4
91.8
87.6
94.4
+ 4 .3
- 1 .7
+ 3 .0
+ 6 .4
4-5.9
+13.1
25.91
19.81
21.80
+ 3 .3
+ 1 .0
+ 2 .1
+ 4 .1
+ 3 .5
+10.0
39.5
41,3
40.9
+ 2 .3
+ 4 .9
-4-1. 2
4-7. 2
+ 1 .5
+ 9 .6
69.5
48 1
53.4
+ 1 .2
n
+ .6
+ 1 .2
— 9 fi
+ 1 .0
91.2
102.4
+ 2 .3
+ 1 .2
+ 2.1
+ 2 .0
84.7
96.8
+ 8 .0
+ 4 .0
+ 5 .7
+ 2 .8
28.91
34.26
+ 5 .5
+ 2 .7
+ 3 .3
+ .1
39.0
37.6
+ 4 .3
+ 1 .9
+ 4 .2
-.5
74.6
91.3
+ .9
+ 1 .3
+ .4
+ 3.1
111.1
111.4
108.8
90.5
98.8
86.7
84.5
107.9
357.9
97.3
109.6
- 1 .2
- 1 .3
-.6
- 7 .8
- 1 .5
- 3 .6
+ .7
-1 .2
+. 5
-6 .2
-.7
+ 2.1
+ 2.9
+ 4 .7
- 1 .0
- 3 .9
- 4 .3
-1 5 .1
+ 8 .4
+ 8 .6
-2 .3
- 1 .1
100.8
99.8
102.1
98.0
97.2
76.2
75.2
93.7
268.0
94.6
104.0
+ 1.7
+ .6
+ .2
- 5 .9
+ 2.6
- 4 .9
+ 3 .7
-.3
+ 1 .8
- 3 .8
+ 5.2
+ 9 .9
+11.0
+13.4
+12.8
+ 2 .5
+ 7 .8
-.4
+20.0
+11.6
+ 4 .3
+ 6 .3
23.89
21. 58
25.79
10.28
21.23
24.59
13.09
24.13
19.84
23.65
29.25
+ 2 .8
+ 1 .9
+ .8
+ 2.1
+ 4 .2
- 1 .4
+ 3 .0
+ 1 .0
+ 1 .3
+ 2 .6
+ 6 .0
+ 7 .6
+ 8 .0
+ 8 .1
+13.8
+ 6 .2
+12.8
+ 17.3
+10.6
+ 3 .0
+ 6 .9
+ 7.4
38.9
39.7
40.2
48.8
39.1
36.5
36.4
40.6
38.3
38.8
36.5
+ 1 .8
+ .5
-.2
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .5
- 2 .1
+ 3 .1
+ .5
+. 3
+ 1 .8
+ 5 .8
+ 6 .5
+ 5 .8
+ 7 .3
+13. 6
+ 1.4
+ 6 .3
+15.9
+ 7 .1
+ .2
+ 1 .7
+ 7.1
61.4
54.7
64.2
21.3
55.0
67.5
36.0
59.5
51.9
61.6
80.8
+ .8
+ 1 .1
+ 1 .1
0
+ .2
+ .9
-.3
+ .5
+ 1 .2
+ 1 .0
+ .5
+ 2.7
+ 2.9
+ 1.1
+ .5
+ 4.7
+ 4 .6
+. 3
+ 4 .0
+ 2 .3
+ 4 .6
+ 2.5
83.0
60.1
+ .4
+ 2 .7
+ 3 .5
+ 1 .3
74.5
56.6
+ 6.0
+12.9
+12.9
+ 8 .6
24.31
20.96
+ 5 .6
+ 9 .9
+ 9 .1
+ 7 .5
37.5
40.1
+ 4.7
+ 9 .9
+ 6 .5
+ 8 .7
66.8
52.2
+ .9
-.2
+2.5
-.9
129.2
70.5
- 1 .1
+ .9
+12.3
- 1 .9
117.2
63.8
+ 3.1
+ 6 .5
+26.7
+ 6 .3
20.84
28.72
+ 4 .3
+ 5 .6
+13.1
+ 8 .5
39.4
35.3
+ 2 .6
+ 5 .4
+11.0
+ 3 .8
53.1
82.1
+ 1 .9
+ .4
+ 1.6
+ 5 .6
9
Indexes and estimates of factory employment and pay rolls, January 1934
to December 1935
I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing indus
tries combined, for the durable-goods group, and for the nondurablegoods group, by months from January 1934 to December 1935, inclu
sive, are given in table 2. Estimates of employment and weekly pay
rolls for all manufacturing industries combined are also given in this
table.
The diagram on page 10 indicates the trend of factory employment
and pay rolls from January 1919 to December 1935.
Table 2.— Indexes and Estimates of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manu
facturing Industries Combined and Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in
the Durable- and Nondurable-Goods Groups
[Indexes based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100]
Indexes
Year and month
Estimated
number
of wage
earners
Estimated
pay rolls
(1 week)
All manufac
turing indus
tries combined
Durable-goods
group
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
Nondurablegoods group
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
1934
January_____________ ____
February____ ___________
M arch______ ____________
A pril.....................................
M a y_____________ ________
June.......................................
6,154,300
6,522,500
6,778,300
6,906,100
6,912, 600
6,799,900
$109,806,000
123,395, 000
131, 650,000
136,962, 000
136, 575,000
132,040, 000
73.4
77.8
80.9
82.4
82.5
81.1
54.0
60.6
64.7
67.3
67.1
64.9
59.9
63.6
67.2
70.1
71.6
70.9
41.6
47.9
52.8
57.4
58.6
56.9
88.0
93.1
95.5
95.6
94.2
92.2
69.7
76.9
79.9
80.0
78.1
75.1
July_____ _______________
A ugust__________________
September_______ _____
October__________________
N ovem ber_________ ______
D ecem ber______________
6, 601, 700
6, 674,400
6,360, 200
6, 569, 500
6,443, 200
6,545,600
123,011,000.
126, 603,000
118,089,000
124,138, 000
121, 085, 000
128, 610,000
78.8
79.6
75.9
78.4
76.9
78.1
60.5
62.2
58.0
61.0
59.5
63.2
67.5
66.2
64.4
62.9
62.3
64.4
49.9
49.9
45.5
46.4
46.1
50.4
90.9
94.1
88.3
95.0
92.5
92.8
73.9
77.9
74.0
79.6
76.6
79.5
A verage................... .
6, 605, 700
125,997,000
78.8
61.9
65.9
50.3
92.7
76.8
1935
January__________________
February________________
M arch________ ________
A pril.....................................
May_______ _____________
June.......................................
6, 607,800
6,821, 300
6,918, 300
6,919,200
6,808, 500
6,683,000
130, 758,000
140,670,000
143,976,000
144,137,000
139,388,000
135,121,000
78.8
81.4
82.5
82.6
81.2
79.7
64.3
69.1
70.8
70.8
68.5
66.4
66.2
69.4
71.0
71.8
71.4
69.7
52.5
58.6
60.5
61.8
60.1
57.6
92.4
94.2
95.0
94.2
91.8
90.6
79.3
82.6
83.9
82.4
79.2
77.6
J uly__________ _________
A ugust........ ......................
September_______________
October............................. .
N ovem ber...........................
Decem ber.............................
6, 682,400
6,871, 600
7,014, 500
7,146,300
7,124,000
7,093, 400
133,019,000
141,879,000
146,876,000
152,629,000
151, 626, 000
155,909, 000
79.7
82.0
83.7
85.3
85.0
84.6
65.4
69.7
72.2
75.0
74.5
76.6
69.4
70.5
71.2
74.9
76.1
75.7
55.6
58.9
60.6
66.3
68.1
70.1
90.8
94.3
97.1
96.4
94.6
94.2
77.9
83.4
87.1
86.2
82.7
85.1
Average.....................
6,890, 900
142,990,000
82.2
70.3
71.4
60.9
93.8
82.3
E m p lo y m e n t c P a t R o u s in M a n u fa ctu rin g In d u stries
3 -y e a r a vera g e 1 ^ 2 3 -1 ^ 2 ^ 1 0 0
U .S.D epartm ent o f L a b o r
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
W ashington
Index
Numbers
Index
Numbers
UIO-
-
130-
-
120-
-
A
110-
-
H
100 -..I.. /■—
f
9080-
7°
60 -
/J /
J r
y * .-
r 7
-
P f)u
7 ?n / h \
--
A
r vw /
-130
-120
-110
-100
90
so
70
60
-
50J1030 20 -
-
-
50
uo
-
100
140
iiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiii
1919
1920
mimmi \\\\\\\w\\ iiiimim mmnm iiiiiiiiiii 111111fl 11Lmmnm iiiiiiiiiii imimm JLiUl.li.llIi IIHULL111, iiiiiiiiiii mmmii iiiiiiiiiii IIIIIIIIIII
1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 192T 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935
30
20
10
0
11
General indexes of factory employment and pay rolls by yearly
averages, 1923 to 1935, inclusive, and by months, January to Decem
ber 1935, inclusive, are presented in table 3. Indexes for the same
periods, where available, are also presented for each of the 90 manu
facturing industries surveyed and for the 14 major groups and 2 sub
groups into which they are classified.
The indexes over the period 1923-31 have been adjusted to con
form with the annual averages shown in published reports of the Cen
sus of Manufactures. Indexes for subsequent months are subject to
revision, as adjustments will be made to bring them into conformity
with census averages for the year 1933 and later years as information
becomes available.
12
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries
[3-year average, 1923-25=100]
Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery
General index
Group index
M onth and year
Blast furnaces,
steel works,
and rolling
mills
Bolts, nuts,
washers, and
rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Em
p lo y
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
1923 average---------1924 average...........
1925 average______
1926 average______
1927 average______
1928 average______
.1929 average______
1930 average---------1931 average______
1932 average______
1933 average______
1934 average______
1935 average______
104.1
96.5
99.4
101.2
98.9
98.9
104.8
91.5
77.4
64.1
69.0
78.8
82.2
103.3
96.1
100.6
103.8
101.8
102.4
109.1
88.7
67.5
46.1
48.5
61.9
70.3
103.9
97.0
99.1
102.5
97.2
96.6
102.6
89.2
69.7
53.3
58.6
69.0
73.0
103.2
96.7
100.1
105.0
98.6
100.4
107.8
85.7
55.0
29.1
36.2
49.0
59.8
104.5
97.1
98.4
101.0
95.7
96.2
103.2
90.3
68.4
51.5
58.5
69.7
73.7
104.5
96.5
99.0
103.0
96.7
100.6
109.6
87.7
53.6
24.8
35.4
49.2
62.0
112.5
89.5
98.0
0)
96.0
0)
114.0
0)
74.2
60.8
71.0
78.1
79.6
111.5
89.5
99.0
0)
95.6
0)
122.0
0)
56.2
33.8
42.1
54.3
64.9
96.0
101.6
102.4
110.1
101.8
92.4
87.8
80.4
71.5
45.5
39.2
51.1
50.3
94.6
101.7
103.7
110.5
98.2
85; 3
85.2
75.3
55.1
24.2
19.7
27.8
28.4
1935
January__________
February----------M a rch ____________
...........
A p r il..
M a y .......... ............
June__ __________
July---------------------A ugust----------------September-----------October________ _
N o v e m b e r _______
Decem ber________
78.8
81.4
83.5
82.6
81.2
79.7
79.7
82.0
83.7
85.3
85.0
84.6
64.3
69.1
70.8
70.8
68.5
66.4
65.4
69.7
72.2
75.0
74.5
76.6
67.8
70.7
71.8
72.7
72.4
71.8
71.3
73.2
74.7
76.4
76.8
76.6
51.9
59.0
59.3
59.4
58.3
55.7
52.6
59.4
62.7
65.5
65.1
68.8
69.4
72.9
74.0
73.7
73.6
72.4
71.7
73.7
74.4
75.6
76.2
77.0
53.9
63.8
63.3
62.3
61.1
56.8
52.4
61.6
64.2
66.1
66.4
72.0
80.8.
78.0
78.3
80.1
80.1
77.3
75.5
77.1
78.8
81.7
83.2
83.7
62.3
63.8
66.1
67.6
65.1
57.4
54.2
61.3
63.7
70.8
69.6
76.3
49.9
48.6
48.6
47.3
49.1
50.9
51.6
51.2
51.9
50.7
51.2
52.8
26.8
25.6
25.1
26.3
27.4
29.0
28.3
29.1
29.9
28.9
30.4
34.1
P ay
rolls
Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery— Continued
M on th and year
1923 average---------1924 average---------1925 average______
1926 average...........
1927 average---------1928 average---------1929 average............
1930 average______
1931 a v e ra g e ----- --1932 average______
1933 average........ .
1934 average______
1935 average........ -1935
January -------------February-------------.M arch-----------------A p ril_____________
M a y ______________
June______________
J u ly ..____ ________
A ugust-------- ------- ■September________
October. .................
INovember—.........
.D e ce m b er.......... .
Cutlery (not
including silver
and plated
cutlery) and
edge tools
Forgings—iron
and steel
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
99.6
102.4
98.0
0)
94.6
0)
89.5
0)
74.2
67.6
65.1
77.6
77.9
97. 9
101.8
100.3
0)
93.7
0)
87.5
0)
60.4
46.8
42.8
55.4
60.8
116.5
97.4
86.1
0)
65.5
0)
87.8
0)
41.9
35.8
40.8
54.6
61.0
113.9
97.4
88.7
0)
66.7
(l)
97.8
0)
32.5
19.9
25.0
39.4
47.6
75.8
78.4
80.1
80.3
78.3
77.4
71.2
75.6
76.6
79.3
80.9
80.9
55.5
60.0
61.2
60.1
59.6
59.3
54.1
57.1
59.8
64.3
67.9
71.2
57.4
61.1
61.7
62.8
60.0
57.6
56.9
57.9
61.2
63.2
65.2
67.1
45.3
5L.0
51. 6
52.2
47.5
41.5
38.5
42.3
46.1
48.6
51.5
55.5
i Data not available.
Pay
rolls
Hardware
Em
p loy
ment
Plum bers’
supplies
Steam and hotwater heating
apparatus
and steam
fittings
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
101.6
96.6
101.8
100.8
93.0
92.8
101.7
88.6
70.3
55.1
55.8
62.7
53.6
100.1
96.3
103.6
106.3
96.1
96.0
106.9
81.6
58.9
35.5
36.1
47.0
46.8
89.9
100.1
110.0
0)
96.7
0)
92.5
0)
65.1
51.1
58.2
58.4
84.3
89.5
100.0
110.5
0)
94.6
0)
87.2
0)
48.0
27.6
31.1
32.6
52.8
102.2
97.7
100.1
102.6
99.3
92.4
91.6
78.3
67.1
46.5
49.5
47.6
52.6
101.7
98.0
100.3
105.5
101.6
94.4
92.4
69.0
46.3
24.7
26.4
29.9
36.2
51.6
56.2
56.5
54.4
53.2
51.4
49.5
48.5
51.8
55.6
56.8
57.6
41.7
49.6
47.9
46.3
42.3
42.9
40.3
39.4
46.0
52.0
55.7
57.4
67.0
70.2
72.4
73.9
78.3
82.3
90.3
93.4
96.0
98.0
95.6
94.0
40.4
42.9
44.8
46.1
49.0
50.3
53.5
58.7
62.0
65.1
60.0
61.2
47.9
49.6
50.3
50.2
51.4
51.5
49.4
53.0
54.7
57.8
58.7
57.0
31.0
33.1
33.5
33.8
34.5
34.6
32.3
36.4
39.2
43.4
41.4
40.7
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
13
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery—Continued
Stoves
M onth and year
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average...........
1924 a v e r a g e .____
1925 average______
1926 average............
1927 average..........
1928 average______
1929 average...........
1930 average______
1931 average______
1932 average______
1933 average...........
1934 a v e r a g e .____
1935 average______
1935
J an u a ry ............... .
February_________
M arch.....................
A pril----------- ------- M a y .............. ..........
June--------------------July---------------------August----------------September________
October__________
N ovem ber-----------Decem ber________
Pay
rolls
Structural and
ornamental
metal work
Tin cans and
other tinware
Tools, not in
cluding edge
tools, machine
tools, files,
and saws
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
W ire work
Em
ploy
ment
P ay
rolls
106.0
95.0
99.0
104.2
96.2
94.0
99.3
83.1
69.4
57.3
68.7
87.2
98.6
103.5
96.0
100.5
105.8
97.5
93.5
98.8
74.3
53.4
35.0
43.9
60.1
76.1
104.4
97.7
97.9
107.5
106.1
106. 5
111.2
98.9
76.0
50.8
46.1
56.8
56.6
104.0
96.6
99.4
109.9
108.8
111.0
112.8
94.2
61.5
31.1
26.3
38.9
42.1
101.0
100.0
99.0
0)
98.4
0)
104.3
0)
83.7
73.8
78.7
90.7
94.1
97.7
100.0
102.3
0)
104.2
0)
113.6
(0
83.3
67.3
70.6
84.4
91.5
105.7
102.2
92.1
0)
91.7
0)
107.6
(0
60.4
46.5
48.9
59.8
65.2
103.1
101.8
95.1
0)
95.6
0)
117.8
0)
51.1
32.2
34.7
49.9
61.8
93.1
100.0
106.9
0)
120.4
0)
124.2
0)
95.6
90.3
103.3
124.4
126.2
89.6
100.0
110.4
0)
122.5
0)
129.3
0)
80.6
61.9
75.7
101.0
113.7
81.0
89.0
91.8
97.4
99.1
98.5
98.2
102.0
107.3
110.1
108. 5
99.8
55.4
63.3
68.2
73.7
74.2
73.4
71.8
80.4
89.6
96.7
86.0
80.7
55.9
53.8
55.0
55.3
56.0
56.0
56.9
57.9
58.6
59.0
58. 6
56.6
39.5
37.6
38.7
39.8
40.9
40.7
42.2
43.9
45.6
46.0
44.7
45.0
85.0
85.4
86.4
88.3
90.4
96.0
100.0
104.0
105.4
100.5
95.3
92.9
80.7
77.3
83.3
85.4
87.0
93.8
97.7
103.6
105.7
100.2
91.5
91.5
60.9
63.3
64.3
65.4
64.3
63.9
62.3
60.0
65.0
69.0
71.3
73.2
54.1
59.2
60.5
60.8
60.8
59.4
55.1
55.2
61.0
68.1
71.1
76.0
120.7
122.5
124.5
128.9
127.4
122.3
116.5
118.7
117.6
132. 8
138.4
144.4
102.7
114.2
115.1
121.5
106.9
106.7
95.0
96.3
101.2
124.0
135.5
145.7
Machinery, not including transportation equipment
Group index
M onth and year
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Agricultural
implements
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Cash registers,
adding
machines, and
calculating
machines
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Electrical
machinery,
apparatus, and
supplies
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Engines, tur
bines, trac
tors, and
water wheels
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
1923 average............
1924 average...........
1925 average...........
1926 average............
1927 average...........
1928 average............
1929 average............
1930 average............
1931 average............
1932 average...........
1933 average______
1934 average...........
1935 average............
105.8
95.1
99.1
107.8
103.3
105.1
125.9
104.6
78.3
56.3
58.9
77.7
87.0
104.0
95.3
100.7
111.2
106.0
111.3
134.2
102.2
63.9
36.1
37.9
57.2
70.5
110.0
88.1
101.9
115.3
118.5
137.9
147.9
110.7
62.3
39.2
44.5
75.1
109.2
109.9
88.7
101.4
119.1
125.9
152.4
160.0
106.9
51.9
32.4
37.7
77.7
125.4
107.4
97.2
95.4
(0
103.1
0)
120.8
0)
87.3
75.4
79.5
102.0
104.6
105.1
97.3
97.6
0)
100.4
0)
137.3
0)
69.1
50.6
56.4
79.4
86.0
103.0
97.9
99.1
0)
0)
0)
127.3
107.1
80.9
56.8
51.3
63.9
71.0
100.1
99.2
100.7
0)
0)
0)
134.4
109.3
68.7
37.1
33.6
47.7
58.9
99.1
96.0
104.9
115.4
111.3
113.2
125.3
106.1
68.1
42.4
44.8
69.7
97.5
99.5
96.7
103.8
119.2
119.3
125.5
138.9
107.2
54.0
24.0
25.7
45.7
70.7
January...................
February.................
M arch......................
A pril_____________
M a y ....................... .
June.........................
J u l y - .....................
A ugu st....................
September......... .
October...................
N ovem ber...............
Decem ber...............
79.6
82.0
84.1
85.1
84.5
84.2
85.6
87.3
91.1
93.1
93.8
93.1
60.8
64.1
66.9
67.6
67.8
66.9
67.5
71.2
75.2
78.4
78.9
80.7
89.6
92.7
101.3
97.0
97.0
110.6
116.7
117.8
118.5
116.6
123.8
128.9
97.5
100.9
113.7
108.8
110.5
127.5
135.2
137.5
136.8
136.1
145.0
155.2
101.7
102.1
103.0
104.6
102.7
102.4
102.7
102.0
105.0
108.0
109.5
111.4
79.2
82.0
83.6
84.9
83.2
84.3
85.6
85.8
88.2
90.7
88.5
96.1
65.9
67.5
69.2
70.9
70.7
69.6
69.6
70.4
73.3
75.3
75.4
74.0
52.4
55.0
57.2
58.4
58.2
56.1
54.7
57.8
62.1
65.2
64.6
65.1
79.5
85.5
90.8
97.5
101.4
102.8
101.1
101.1
101.2
101.3
103.0
105.3
54.5
59.9
64.2
69.6
74.2
74.6
72.6
73.9
74.4
75.0
76.1
79.0
1935
i
Data not available.
14
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Machinery, not including transportation equipment— Continued
Foundry and
machine-shop
products
Machine tools
Radios and
phonographs
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
1923 average______
1924 average............
1925 average............
1926 average______
1927 average______
1928 average—........
1929 avera g e..........
1930 average............
1931 average-..........
1932 average........ .
1933 average______
1934 average............
1935 average............
108.4
93.9
97.7
103.3
97.7
98.8
111.3
94.2
69.7
50.4
52.6
68.0
74.4
106.7
93.6
99.7
107.4
99.9
102.6
117.9
89.0
55.4
31.1
32.8
49.6
59.5
108.1
92.0
99.9
119.3
114.3
127.9
167.2
126.0
74.7
40.5
41.7
69.0
88.1
105.3
90.8
103.9
125. 3
116. 3
139.8
187. 6
121.9
61. 5
27. 5
28. 7
53.4
76.2
89.5
105.9
104.6
0)
0)
0)
204.5
141.0
124.4
100.0
151.4
203.5
209.6
88.1
107.5
104.4
0)
0)
0)
202.9
139.8
96.5
62.7
85.4
116.5
129.8
116.4
92.7
90.9
90.1
85.3
78.5
88.1
71.2
61.3
48.7
61.1
69.1
64.5
117.5
86.8
95.7
95.7
93.2
84.2
96.7
66.0
54.3
35.4
47.0
54.4
52.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
0)
111.5
0)
121.1
0)
77.8
58.7
62.7
94.4
99.9
98.4
100.0
101.6
0)
113.0
0)
130.1
0)
60.0
35.2
42.4
81.1
85.3
1985
January........... .......
February.................
M arch ...................
A pril........................
M a y . . .....................
June.................. .......
July..........................
A u gu st............ .......
September..............
O ctober...................
N ovem ber...............
D ecem ber...............
69.2
72.0
73.5
74.3
73.8
72.8
73.4
74.0
76.0
76.8
77.6
79.0
51.5
55.7
57.5
58.0
57.9
56.2
56.7
60.0
62.2
64.6
65.3
68.5
73.1
76.9
79.6
81.8
83.0
85.1
89.0
91.9
96.4
98.5
100.1
101.5
58.2
63.2
66. 5
67.8
70.1
71.8
75.8
80. 5
85.2
89. 5
90.2
96. 0
190.4
186.0
189.0
182.4
168.0
165.5
185.0
213.8
254.9
279.1
271.6
230.0
111.8
103.2
110.6
107.0
101.5
100.9
112.9
133.9
166.3
185.8
179.8
143.7
64.1
64.8
64.8
65.8
63.6
64.0
63.4
62.6
62.9
64.3
66.0
68.0
52.0
52.6
52.3
51.6
51.6
52.3
51.2
50.5
50.4
54.4
54.4
61.1
101.5
98.6
95.9
93.6
95.8
96.3
97.1
97.6
101.7
105.2
107.5
107.5
85.3
79.5
79.7
78.0
80.2
77.7
79.4
80.0
92.3
96.6
99.3
96.0
M onth and year
Textile
machinery
and parts
Typewriters
and parts
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
P ay
rolls
Transportation equipment
Group index
Aircraft
Automobiles
Cars, electric
and steam
railroad
M on th and year
L ocom o
tives
Shipbuild
ing
E m P ay
p loy rolls
ment
Em
p loy Pay
ment rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
1923 average........... 107.6
93.1
1924 average...........
99.3
1925 a vera g e..........
1926 average......... . 99.1
87.9
1927 average.........
96.3
1928 average.........
1929 average........... 103.5
80.3
1930 average...........
1931 average...........
66.3
56.0
1932 average.........
54.3
1933 average...........
83.9
1934 average.........
95.1
1935 average...........
107.7
90.8
101.5
99.5
89.8
101.6
105.4
70.3
53.3
40.7
39.5
68.6
88.0
103.6
100.0
96.4
0)
157.9
0)
525.2
0)
353.1
253.7
298.5
332.5
398.3
103.4
100.0
96.6
0)
156.8
0)
501.5
0)
354.8
251.0
269.5
288.2
326.4
100.6
93.6
105.8
104.8
91.9
108.1
111.3
80.3
71.0
60.8
59.8
93.2
108.9
100.6
90.6
108.8
104.8
93.3
113.9
111.6
65.7
53.4
42.3
42.8
76.1
100.2
126.9 128.7 157.7 168.1 114.5
93.8 94.3 76.4 72.9 93.2
79.3 77.0 65.9 59.0 92.3
75.0 70.9 86.2 80.6 97.4
59.9 60.4 66.7 57.2 101.3
48.4 48.2 45.4 39.6 79.5
63.1 63.1 56.8 58.3 101.3
54.7 53.2 52.3 51.5 107.3
29.6 25.4 28.0 18.1 83.0
26.3 23.5 19.4
8.9 66.0
25.4 20.5 15.6
5.8 55.4
43.4 40.8 31.1 13.7 70.2
44.3 45.1 26.2 11.6 74.8
1935
January..................
F ebruary. .............
M arch........ ............
A pril....... ...............
M a y ........................
June........................
July______________
A ugust.................. .
Septem ber.......... .
O cto b er.................
N ovem ber........ .
Decem ber________
79.4
94.7
98.3
103.7
94.3
83.4
74.7
71.6
65.7
86.4
101.5
104.4
308.5
323.9
329.1
356.1
392.0
416.0
432.6
453.4
442.9
447.3
447.8
430.3
251.3
265.4
277.6
291.5
317.7
340.3
343.7
378.4
360.3
370.3
358.9
361.0
108.1
117.5
119.5
119.9
116.4
107.2
100.6
95.1
84.0
105.0
115.5
118.2
92.2
110.3
112.7
117.1
105.1
93.4
85.7
80.6
72.1
97.7
116.7
118.8
93.4
100.9
103.6
104.8
103.7
93.7
87.3
83.5
75.8
93.3
101.0
103.4
i Data not available.
34.2
43.6
52.2
59.1
60.3
48.2
31.7
32.2
33.5
40.0
45.9
50.1
Pay
rolls
31.7
43.4
54.5
65.1
65.8
46.6
28.0
30.4
31.8
41.0
47.4
55.2
30.3
30.9
32.5
32.3
30.1
28.4
20.0
21.5
21.0
21.3
22.8
22.8
13.2
13.6
14.6
15.0
13.8
12.6
8.2
9.1
8.9
9.5
10.1
10.6
68.3
72.8
74.9
74.6
76.4
66.2
71.3
72.4
76.1
79.8
82.3
82.9
112.8
94.9
92.3
100.9
108.3
85.0
109.7
113.5
76.8
52.5
38.9
54.9
64.1
56.2
59.7
63.8
62.0
65.7
55.5
59.4
61.5
65.6
70.4
72.5
77.2
15
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Nonferrous metals and their products
Railroad repair shops
Group index
M onth and year
Electric
railroad
Steam
railroad
Group index
Aluminum
manufac
tures
Brass,
bronze,
and copper
products
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy Pay
ment rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average______
1924 average______
1925 average______
1926 average______
1927 average______
1928 average...........
1929 average...........
1930 average______
1931 average______
1932 average______
1933 average_____
1934 average______
1935 average...........
108.6
96.4
95.0
95.5
89.0
83.8
82.6
73.4
64.1
53.4
52.0
55.5
53.7
109.6
95.6
94.8
96.1
92.0
87.2
90.4
76.1
61.7
42.7
41.7
48.1
50.6
104.0
99.1
96.9
96.5
94.1
89.6
87.8
85.8
79.3
71.7
66.3
66.0
65.3
101.5
98.8
99.7
100.4
99.8
97.9
97.2
93.0
80.2
64.3
55.1
58.0
59.7
108.9
96.3
94.8
95.4
88.6
83.3
82.2
72.4
62.9
52.0
50.9
54.7
52.8
110.2
95.5
94.3
95.7
91.4
86.3
89.8
74.8
60.4
41.2
40.8
47.5
50.0
105.4
96.7
97.9
0)
96.5
0)
111.4
0)
74.0
58.1
62.2
76.1
84.8
1985
January..................
February_________
M arch .......... ..........
A pril.......................
M a y ........................
June..............- .........
July______________
August......... ..........
September_______
October_____
N ovem b er..
December________
51.6
52.9
53.6
52.9
53.6
53.8
53.5
52.8
52.6
55.1
55.7
55.8
43.8
48.0
49.6
50.7
52.5
51.0
48.2
49.0
49.1
53.1
54.5
57.1
65.3
65.9
65.8
65.6
65.7
65.6
65.2
65.3
64.6
64.5
65.1
64.8
58.0
59.7
60.7
60.4
60.2
59.0
58.8
59.6
59.1
60.0
59.3
61.8
50.6
51.9
52.7
52.0
52.7
52.9
52.6
51.9
51.7
54.4
55.0
55.1
42.9
47.2
48.9
50.1
52.0
50.5
47.5
48.3
48.5
52.7
54.2
56.9
78.3
81.6
83.0
83.4
82.9
81.8
80.2
82.0
86.9
91.9
93.1
92.3
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
103.7 106.3 100.2 103.4
95.9 100.0 100.0 96.6
100.4 93.7 99.8 100.0
0)
0) 102.7
0)
100.5 96.6 105.5 101.2
0)
0)
0) 107.3
116.4 138.4 150.0 121.5
96.6
0)
0)
0)
63.1 90.2 81.3 74.9
39.1 64.3 42.1 57.8
41.4 71.8 50.9 64.1
56.0 74.9 56.9 74.6
67.5 78.2 68.3 81.8
58.7
63.7
65.0
64.7
63.7
62.9
59.9
64.7
70.9
78.4
78.5
79.4
72.3
76.8
79.0
78.7
78.3
76.2
74.6
75.5
79.1
82.7
83.0
82.1
58.1
66.8
69.6
69.3
68.0
64.6
58.3
65.8
69.6
76.0
77.0
76.7
75.4
80.8
82.0
81.8
80.8
78.9
77.4
78.2
81.8
86.8
89.0
88.5
101.3
95.6
103.1
107.4
104.7
115.6
128.3
88.7
60.3
35.8
41.3
53.9
64.5
58.3
63.2
64.0
64.1
61.5
60.0
57.5
61.1
65.8
72.5
72.9
73.4
Nonferrous metals and their products— Continued
M onth and year
Clocks,
watches, and
time-record
ing devices
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average-.......... 97.6
1924 average______ 100.0
1925 average........... 102.4
1926 average...........
0)
1927 average______ 102.9
1928 average______
0)
98.2
1929 average...........
1930 average...........
0)
74.3
1931 average______
1932 average______
54.5
51.7
1933 average______
1934 average...........
70.1
1935 average...........
83.7
1985
January..................
77.1
78.0
February...............
M arch...... ..............
78.8
April........................ 79.9
M a y ........................
80.5
80.7
June........................
July_____________
80.0
August________ . .
80.7
September...........
87.3
92.1
October__________
N ovem ber_______
94.4
D ecem ber..______
94.5
1 Data not available.
46942— 36------ 3
Jewelry
Lighting
equipment
Silverware
and plated
ware
Smelting
and
Stamped
refining—
and enam
copper, lead, eled ware
and zinc
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
95.7
100.0
104.3
0)
108.1
0)
102.2
0)
62.2
35.4
34.4
55.7
71.4
105.1
99.8
95.1
0)
96.2
0)
111.4
0)
74.1
57.6
55.5
67.5
73.5
105.9
91.8
102.3
0)
106.9
0)
113.3
0)
65.6
43.5
39.6
52.2
57.3
101.3
100.0
98.7
0)
92.9
0)
104.2
(0
65.3
49.5
51.4
64.4
74.3
96.7
100.0
103.3
0)
97.3
0)
110.6
0)
60.4
38.8
38.7
51.9
65.7
100.6 98.1 102.8 103.2 110.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.7
99.4 101.9 97.2 96.8 94.2
96.9
0)
0)
0)
0)
98.4 102.3 89.9 90.4 93.0
0)
0)
0) 104.1
0)
92.6 96.5 91.3 99.4 120.5
0)
(0
0)
0) 106.3
65.3 54.3 54.4 45.9 85.4
54.3 37.2 45.3 27.3 69.8
55.6 36.2 50.7 29.2 78.0
68.9 50.3 68.1 42.1 96.8
70.4 54.3 80.9 53.8 107.2
56.4
62.9
65.7
64.9
64.7
67.2
62.5
68.8
77.0
87.0
90.7
88.8
68.5
70.6
70.5
69.4
65.8
65.5
66.9
72.5
83.0
89.0
84.0
76.0
50.8
54.0
53.9
51.4
49.8
49.5
47.8
54.8
68.2
76.8
65.4
65.1
66.3
68.3
69.8
70.1
69.2
68.9
69.0
71.7
78.1
86.9
86.9
86.9
54.8
57.4
57.0
59.0
58.2
59.8
58.9
64.2
69.5
81.6
83.5
84.7
67.8
67.5
69.0
71.7
73.9
73.4
65.3
69.8
69.8
72.4
73.0
71.3
Pay
rolls
47.5
51.5
52.5
51.2
57.0
57.1
48.1
52.0
56.0
59.9
60.5
58.7
Em
ploy Pay
ment rolls
73.6
75.0
75.7
77.1
79.5
81.8
80.2
80.8
83.7
85.7
88.0
89.7
46.5
48.0
48.3
49.8
51.1
53.2
53.0
53.2
56.1
58.6
61.9
65.9
Em
ploy Pay
ment rolls
99.6
105.4
108.4
109.1
106.9
102.5
100.4
101.9
106.2
112.7
116.2
117.0
111.2
92.8
96.0
98.3
95.7
108. C
125.6
104.9
76.8
49.0
52.0
71.6
87.5
76.2
85.2
89.7
88.0
83.3
77.6
73.9
82.3
89.8
99.9
101.0
102.8
16
Table 3,— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Lum ber and allied products
Group index
Furniture
Lumber, millwork
Lumber, saw
mills
M onth'and"year
Turpentine and
rosin
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
1923 average............
1924 average............
1925 average............
1926 average............
1927 average............
1928 average............
1929 average______
1930 average______
1931 average............
1932 average............
1933 average............
1934 average............
1935 average............
101.5
98.1
100.4
100.4
94.1
92.4
95.4
76.1
56.3
41.1
44.2
48.7
52.6
100.0
98.4
101.6
102.5
96.7
94.2
97.4
72.6
46.6
25.1
26.4
32.7
39.9
98.1
96.2
105.7
110.3
108.8
106.7
111.9
89.0
73.7
57.8
61.7
63.0
70.9
96.9
96.4
106.7
113.4
111.8
107.5
114.0
80.7
59.2
34.8
36.3
41.9
52.5
96.7
98.8
104.5
102.7
90.7
86.7
84.6
64.4
51.1
35.6
34.5
36.8
43.5
95.6
99.3
105.1
103.3
90.5
86.1
83.5
61.1
42.0
21.7
19.5
23.3
33.0
103.6
98.8
97.6
95.5
86.6
84.4
87.7
67.6
41.1
26.1
28.7
33.4
34.5
102.5
99.2
98.3
96.6
89.0
87.2
90.7
67.6
33.6
14.2
16.0
21.4
24.2
107.7
100.0
92.3
0)
119.0
0)
126.0
0)
88.6
71.9
83.6
97.2
99.0
100.8
100.0
99.2
0)
110.7
0)
98.2
0)
47.5
32.7
36.3
50.1
58.8
1985
January...... ............
February.................
M arch ....... ..............
A p ril........ ...............
M a y _ _ .....................
June....... ..................
J uly.........................
A ugust....................
September-----------O ctober...... ............
N ovem ber..... .........
D ecem ber___ ____
47.1
49.4
50.6
51.7
50.9
48.9
51.9
55.3
57.0
57.5
56.0
54.5
31.7
34.8
36.3
37.5
34.8
36.3
38.3
44.4
47.3
48.6
45.0
44.2
64.1
66.9
69.1
68.6
67.0
67.1
69.1
73.4
76.3
77.9
77.0
74.8
43.5
47.1
49.7
49.2
47.1
48.5
48.4
56.0
60.2
63.0
59.3
58.4
35.9
37.9
38.3
39.7
40.7
41.9
44.8
47.5
50.1
49.5
48.7
46.9
23.0
25.3
25.8
27.7
29.1
31.5
34.2
37.7
40.8
41.9
39.6
39.0
30.9
32.7
33.5
34.8
34.0
30.9
33.9
36.6
37.4
37.6
36.0
35.1
19.1
21.4
22.4
23.7
20.1
20.9
23.3
27.9
29.4
29.5
26.5
25.9
95.6
96.3
99.7
99.2
99.0
98.9
98.9
99.1
100.5
100.3
100.7
99.7
52.7
54.2
52.3
57.9
57.3
59.9
57.5
59.3
59.3
64.6
65.8
64.4
Pay
rolls
Stone, clay, and glass products
Group index
M onth andiyear
Brick, tile,
and terra
cotta
Cement
Glass
M arble,
granite,
slate, and
other
products
P ottery
Em
ploy Pay
ment rolls
Em
ploy Pay
ment rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average...........
1924 average...........
1925 average...........
1926 average--------1927 average---------1928 average...........
1929 average--------1930 average-..........
1931 average...........
1932 average...........
1933 average--------1934 average--------1935 average...........
100.4
98.9
100.7
103.8
99.9
95.7
93.8
80.2
63.7
44.6
45.0
52.8
53.9
98.3
100.5
101.2
104.2
100.5
96.2
93.7
76.9
53.9
29.1
27.6
35.5
39.9
100.6
98.7
100.7
102.9
99.0
92.3
91.5
72.2
50.2
29.6
27.0
29.7
31.0
98.1
101.1
100.8
101.8
96.7
87.5
84.7
62.2
35.2
14.0
12.0
16.0
19.4
95.0
101.0
104.0
102.1
98.3
92.6
90.3
84.6
65.8
44.9
41.1
49.3
49.5
94.6
102.9
102.5
100.9
101.1
96.9
92.9
83.4
56.9
27.7
22.2
30.6
32.1
105.1 103.4 104.5 101.7 98.5
95.5 96.9 100.0 100.0 103.8
99.4 99.7 95.5 98.3 97.7
103.8 103.9
99.7
0)
<»>
94.3 93.6 105.6 113.0 98.0
92.6 94.5
98.8
0)
<»>
96.7 100.9 98.7 104.0 94.7
83.8 82.9
82.9
0)
0)
71.5 66.5 72.2 68.8 72.3
58.9 45.9 43.2 31.8 57.0
69.8 52.9 33.7 20.7 60.2
89.8 71.8 30.7 19.4 69.0
94.5 82.9 26.5 17.9 69.4
1985
January..................
February. .............
M arch_____ ______
A p ril.......................
M a y .........................
June.........................
J u ly _ _ .....................
A u g u s t ..................
September..............
O ctober..................
N ovem b er..............
Decem ber.... ..........
47.2
49.6
51.5
53.2
55.0
55.7
54.7
55.9
55.8
56.7
56.4
55.2
31.6
34.8
37.4
39.3
40.3
40.5
38.9
40.9
42.2
44.5
43.9
44.6
24.8
25.7
27.6
27.6
29.6
32.1
32.9
33.8
34.0
35.3
34.6
33.9
13.0
15.0
16.3
16.3
17.7
19.3
20.2
21.2
22.5
24.0
23.4
23.3
37.2
37.8
41.6
50.0
57.0
60.1
57.5
53.8
51.9
52.9
49.6
45.0
21.2
22.1
25.0
31.9
36.8
40.1
37.9
35.8
35.2
35.1
33.3
31.1
1 Data not available.
86.5
91.7
93.7
94.2
94.8
95.2
92.7
95.7
95.8
97.5
98.4
97.8
Pay
rolls
69.9
75.6
81.3
82.7
81.6
82.0
77.0
82.3
85.6
90.9
91.2
94.2
20.0
22.6
23.4
26.5
28.5
27.5
30.0
29.6
27.9
27.8
27.4
27.1
11.0
14.4
15.2
18.2
21.2
19.1
20.4
20.5
19.0
19.8
17.7
18.5
69.9
71.4
72.9
73.4
71.5
66.8
62.4
67.0
69.5
68.6
70.0
69.1
97.8
104.3
97.9
99.3
94.5
93.9
91.4
74.1
56.4
35.1
35.8
44.7
50.1
46.9
50.3
52.4
53.4
50.3
46.1
41.5
46.6
50.3
53.3
54.6
55.9
J7
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Textiles and their products
Group index
M onth and year
Fabric (sub
group)
Carpets and
rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small
wares
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ployment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average............
1924 average______
1925 average______
1926 average............
1927 average...........
1928 average______
1929 average______
1930 average. _........
1931 average______
1932 average______
1933 average............
1934 average...........
1935 average...........
105.3
94.9
99.9
99.9
104.0
101.3
104.8
92.9
87.3
76.7
87.9
91.3
95.3
105.8
93.8
100.4
100.3
106.8
101.7
105.3
85.6
75.1
53.5
61.3
71.3
79.7
105.4
94.2
100.4
99.2
101.3
96.2
99.2
86.0
80.3
71.9
86.2
89.5
93.3
106.0
93.4
100.6
99.4
103.8
95.8
99.4
79.4
70.2
50.9
62.2
70.9
79.4
103.8
96.2
100.0
97.8
96,9
92.8
96.2
74.2
67.5
52.0
60.6
66.7
79.4
109.2
93.3
97.5
93.8
94.5
85.7
90.1
59.7
54.3
32.2
42.6
50.1
72.2
106.7
92.5
100.8
101.9
105.8
95.5
96.1
80.7
74.5
67.8
87.5
92.9
89.4
110.1
91.6
98.3
98.5
105.7
88.4
90.1
69.4
61.0
44.6
62.1
73.0
74.1
104.4
92.6
103.0
0)
95.3
0)
97.4
0)
81.7
68.7
77.4
82.1
86.0
105.5
91.8
102.7
0)
101.3
0)
102.1
0)
76.8
52.4
58.8
67.2
74.7
1935
January..................
February............ .
M arch....... .............
A pril............. ..........
M a y _____________
June.............. ..........
July..........................
August................. .
September...........
October__________
N ovem ber________
D ecem ber________
95.3
98.4
99.3
97.3
93.5
90.4
87.8
93.9
95.9
97.7
97.0
96.9
78.5
84.5
86.8
83.4
75.5
70.9
68.4
78.9
84.6
84.5
79.7
81.9
95.8
97.2
96.4
93.3
91.0
89.4
87.5
89.9
92.1
94.6
96.1
96.4
82.2
84.5
83.3
78.0
74.9
72.0
70.1
76.5
80.4
83.3
82.6
85.3
66.5
69.7
75.4
79.1
79.7
81.3
82.7
83.7
85.9
84.3
82.6
82.3
55.5
60.5
68.3
74.2
73.7
76.7
75.8
80.6
83.4
73.8
70.5
73.5
96.3
96.7
95.5
91.9
88.0
85.1
82.3
81.6
84.8
88.0
90.6
92.2
81.8
82.8
80.6
74.0
70.7
65.6
64.2
64.8
70.7
75.8
76.8
81.2
84.9
90.9
90.5
90.6
89.2
81.2
79.9
77.1
82.3
85.3
89.4
90.5
73.7
82.0
79.6
78.7
75.7
65.9
65.2
64.3
71.8
75.8
78.6
84.5
Pay
rolls
Textiles and their products—-Continued
Month*and year
D yeing and
finishingtextiles
Hats, fur-felt
Woolen and
worsted goods
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
89.6
71.7
77.5
80.1
83.1
107.4
90.5
102.1
0)
114.1
0)
112.3
0)
82.5
57.6
65.8
74.3
78.4
104.8
94.5
100.7
101.3
102.6
102.6
112.5
102.9
96.0
94.1
102.2
107.6
112.4
103.7
92.3
104.0
109.1
116.0
115.4
129.8
108.6
92.2
75.5
81.4
98.6
108.2
99.7
94.8
105.5
102.9
101.5
101.0
103.8
96.1
86.9
68.7
75.5
75.4
73.7
97.4
93.0
109.6
107.8
107.6
107.5
105.6
87.2
74.8
46.4
51.8
60.0
62.5
109.3
97.9
92.8
84.1
86.7
83.1
82.6
67.2
67.1
59.5
78.2
72.4
95.4
109.1
97.6
93.3
84.0
84.7
79.2
80.1
60.5
57.3
41.3
54.5
52.5
75.4
79.3
82.1
84.0
84.9
80.6
74.7
81.1
90.5
88.7
84.8
82.8
83.6
69.3
81.2
83.1
71.2
68.5
67.6
82.1
99.9
91.9
71.1
69.6
84.9
109.2
112.5
114.5
114.3
112.0
108.1
103.9
110.4
114.0
117.4
117.6
115.2
106.2
112.1
114.6
110.3
102.0
93.7
85.8
105.5
114.8
120.8
120.0
113.0
80.7
81.3
76.5
71.0
65.9
63.1
68.2
75.5
78.0
77.6
72.5
74.0
68.4
70.0
65.6
59.6
54.5
51.5
55.4
65.1
67.2
68.2
60.9
63.9
91.8
93.9
92.4
87.0
91.1
96.7
94.4
97.3
95.9
98.5
103.1
102.4
73.1
74.9
72.5
66.5
71.2
76.9
74.6
76.9
75.8
79.0
79.4
84.3
Pay
rolls
1923 average............
1924 average—........
1925 average______
1926 average______
1927 average..........
1928 average...........
1929 average............
1930 average______
1931 average............
1932 average..........
1933 average............
1934 average............
1935 average______
97.4
93.9
108.7
110.8
113.5
114.9
121.8
112.0
103.3
89.3
94.8
106.2
110.4
96.1
92.7
111.2
114.2
121.5
121.8
124.8
108.7
101.2
72.3
73.6
84.2
89.9
106.4
97.1
96.5
0)
101.2
(0
105.3
1935
January...................
February........... .
M arch-----------------April—....................
M a y .........................
June.........................
July..........................
August.....................
September..............
October...............
N ovem ber...............
Decem ber—...........
117.1
117.8
116.9
114.6
110.0
107.3
101.3
102.9
104.7
109.0
111.7
111.0
102.7
100.6
100.3
95.7
86.2
78.9
73.5
84.3
86.0
88.4
88.2
93.5
Silk and rayon
goods
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
* Data not available.
Knit goods
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
18
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Textiles and their products--C ontinued
Wearing
apparel
(subgroup)
M onth and year
Clothing,
men's
Clothing,
wom en’s
Corsets and
allied
garments
M e n ’s furnish
ings
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
1923 average............
1924 average............
1925 average............
1926 average............
1927 average............
1928 average............
1929 average............
1930 average..........1931 average............
1932 average............
1933 average............
1934 average............
1935 average............
305.4
96.1
98.5
99.8
105.8
108.3
113.3
105.0
99.6
84.8
88.2
91.1
95.3
105.6
94.9
99.5
99.6
107.6
107.5
111.0
93.6
80.7
55.5
55.7
67.7
75.6
107.0
97.3
95.7
97.4
102.5
101.3
103.2
91.4
84.9
74.4
80.3
84.0
90.9
109.3
96.1
94.6
94.8
99.5
95.5
95.8
74.7
62.8
42.3
47.3
57.9
70.7
104.3
96.6
99.1
104.2
121.0
133.7
146.8
142.2
135.8
110.4
110.0
116.1
121.9
103.2
94.3
102.5
104.7
123.6
132.5
142.6
127.9
110.5
73.9
68.0
84.9
92.0
105.2
100.0
94.8
0)
90.0
(0
89.2
<0
91.3
88.0
88.9
90.1
88.4
103.4
100.0
96.6
0)
96.7
0)
97.0
0)
89.6
74.0
71.0
81.4
82.1
94.6
100.1
105.3
0)
125.7
0)
132.7
0)
120.1
99.2
101.5
101.6
103.8
93. ft
96.1
110.3
0)
139.5
0)
145.5
0)
109.5
67.0
62.7
70.6
72.1
1935
January...................
February.................
M arch......................
A pril——.................
M a y .........................
June.................... .
July..........................
August.....................
September...............
October...................
N ovem ber...............
Decem ber...............
89.4
96.8
101.4
101.8
95.3
88.6
84.4
96.0
100.5
100.5
94.8
93.8
66.6
79.5
88.5
86.4
72.1
64.6
60.8
78.8
87.8
81.8
69. 2
70.5
83.9
91.8
94.6
94.7
87.6
86.6
88.9
93.6
95.4
94.8
88.9
89.7
57.0
71.8
82.0
82.5
64.4
63.7
65.6
74.3
80.4
74.8
64.4
67.1
117.3
125.1
133.6
134.8
123.9
108.4
94.7
121.4
130.1
131.7
121.9
120.4
87.8
101.6
111.3
103.9
89.4
71.3
63.0
97.9
109.0
103.3
81.3
84.0
90.8
90.3
93.7
93.8
91.1
87.5
85.4
85.3
87.6
87.0
85.1
83.3
85.9
90.5
91.4
91.3
83.0
75.1
73.1
72.5
84.4
81.3
78.7
77.5
94.4
108.0
111.6
111.3
107.3
100.3
91.5
98.0
102.4
104.2
109.7
106.4
60.0
75.2
80.4
76.7
71.0
63.2
55.7
67.4
74.6
80.8
84.1
76.4
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Textiles and their products—
Continued
Millinery
M onth and year
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Shirts and
collars
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
P ay
rolls
Leather and its manufactures
Groupi index
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Boots and
shoes
Em
ploy
ment
P ay
rolls
Leather
Em
ploy
ment
P ay
rolls
1923 average............
1924 average............
1925 average...........
1926 average...........
1927 average............
1928 average............
1929 average............
1930 average............
1931 average............
1932 average.-........
1933 average............
1934 average............
1935 average............
103.2
94.8
102.0
98.0
104.8
105.7
101.3
91.3
83.7
76.3
75.9
70.4
59.3
100.8
94.5
104.7
103.6
113.9
112.3
104.0
88.6
79.2
65.2
57.9
60.6
52.4
107.9
93.0
99.1
101.7
105.1
106.3
109.1
102.7
104.0
90.5
99.0
99.8
103.7
109.7
91.9
98.4
101.9
109.9
107.1
109.2
90.3
82.7
61.0
72. 1
89. 7
100.6
106.6
96.3
97.1
96.6
97.7
95.6
98.5
91.2
84.3
79.0
83.3
87.8
87.9
106.9
95.3
97.8
98.9
100.3
95.8
99.0
82.3
72.1
58.1
62.9
73.9
76.4
106.0
96.7
97.3
95.6
95.6
92.7
96.7
90.2
85.3
81.7
83.9
87.0
86.1
107.6
95.3
97.1
96.1
96.8
91.3
95.6
78.3
70.2
58.5
61.5
71.7
70.8
109.1
95.4
95.5
96.7
96.6
94.3
91.1
84.6
76.9
69.1
81.3
91.1
95.5
107. Q
95.8
96.3
99.5
99. a
95.5
92.8
83.0
72.5
56.0
66.8
80.2
94.4
1935
January........ ...........
February____ _____
M arch........... ..........
A pril........................
M a y . ............ ..........
June..........................
J u l y - .......................
A ugu st-........ - .........
Septem ber-............
October....................
N o v e m b e r ............
D ecem b er...............
62.4
66.5
70.2
69.6
61.6
55.2
42.3
57.6
66.8
60.4
50.1
49.3
54.0
58.7
70.5
70.0
48.6
47.2
30.3
52.5
76.1
49.2
34.9
36.3
90.4
99.8
104.3
104.3
106.5
98.4
99.0
105.9
109.5
110.9
109.8
105.6
77.8
95. 7
101. 3
104.4
103.9
94.7
91.2
102.9
109.1
111.6
111.3
103.7
88.3
91.6
92.7
91.5
86.7
83.0
87.3
90.1
88.8
86.6
82.3
86.3
76.4
82.5
84.1
79.1
72.3
70.9
77.5
81.7
76.9
73.8
66.6
75.4
87.0
90.7
92.1
90.8
85.2
80.6
85.8
89.1
87.3
84.0
77.8
82.8
72.5
79.2
80.7
75.1
66.7
64.7
73.1
77.7
71.1
65.9
56.1
66.7
94.0
95.6
95.5
94.5
93.2
92.8
93.5
94.4
95.2
97.0
100.3
100.4
88.5
92.6
94.2
91.4
90.0
91.1
91.2
94.2
95.2
99.4
101.4
103.7
i Data not available.
19
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Food and kindred products
Group index
Baking
Beverages
Canning and
preserving
Butter
M onth and year
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average............
1924 average............
1925 average............
1926 average............
1927 average............
1928 average............
1929 average............
1930 average............
1931 average______
1932 average______
1933 average______
1934 average............
1935 average______
1985
January...................
February.............. .
M arch___________
A pril......................
M a y ............ ............
June.........................
July.........................
August..................
September..............
October...................
Novem ber...............
D ecem ber...... .........
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
m i
98.4
99.5
99.5
101.7
105.8
112.8
109.4
97.4
86.4
94.4
106.5
101.2
100.4
99.4
100.2
101.8
104.0
107.6
113.9
108.9
93.0
74.2
76.2
92.4
91.6
100.1
101.1
98.8
101.4
105.9
112.2
123.6
121.5
112.6
101.2
101.2
113.2
112.2
98.0
101.7
100.3
104.1
107.8
113.3
125.3
123.7
109.0
88.6
82.7
95.5
96.9
104.9
97.0
98.1
0)
96.6
0)
101.3
0)
85.5
74.0
127.9
163.2
160.4
104.4
95.8
99.8
0)
100.0
0)
106.1
0)
83.1
64.3
118.0
156.2
159.7
106.7
100.0
93.3
(9
105.6
0)
100.3
0)
82.0
75.3
76.1
80.0
72.0
105.7
100.0
94.3
0)
108.2
(0
102.5
0)
79.1
65.7
58.7
60.3
56.3
97.7
86.9
115.4
0)
112.0
0)
134.6
138.8
106.1
74.8
90.3
101.8
107.6
97.8
86.9
115.3
(0
108.7
0)
129.4
126.7
91.5
64.9
75.5
99.6
120.2
94.9
94.4
93.2
95.4
95.8
98.9
105.7
83.7
83.8
83.3
85.9
87.3
90.9
96.9
100.9
106.7
111.3
110.9
111. 8
112.7
114.2
111.5
111.7
114.6
114.6
113.6
112.4
89.6
93.7
93.7
95.5
97.3
99.6
96.5
95.7
101.6
100.8
99.7
99.4
144.6
145.7
151.3
156.0
161.6
170.0
178.5
179.0
171.9
162.9
153.0
150.1
133.4
137.2
146.9
153.6
162.5
173.4
192.7
189.8
171.0
157.7
151.2
147.4
68.3
67.6
67.8
70.4
73.2
77.2
78.0
76.9
74.9
71.5
70.1
68.5
51.7
52.2
52.4
54.7
57.4
60.8
61.4
60.4
59.8
55.5
54.4
55.0
65.9
63.1
59.2
76.5
74.7
89.5
150.0
195.7
230.7
136.1
82.4
66.8
68.6
69.0
64.3
83.7
83.7
102.7
177.8
230.1
244.1
151.4
89.8
77.6
111.8
118.2
100.5
108.5
96.8
105.5
98.0
91.9
90.5
Food and kindred products— Continued
M onth and year
Confectionery
Flour
Ice cream
Slaughtering
and meat
Sugar, beet
packing
Sugar refin
ing, cane
Em
ploy Pay
ment rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average.........
1924 average______
1925 average______
1926 average--------1927 average...........
1928 average______
1929 average.........
1930 average______
1931 average______
1932 average______
1933 average...........
1934 average...........
1935 average______
101.7
96.5
101.8
105.8
101.1
98.9
101.7
92.1
82.0
74.2
79.7
80.0
79.5
100.9
97.7
101.4
106.8
104.7
101.0
103.7
93.3
77.5
59.9
59.5
68.5
70.1
104.9
99.7
95.4
91.8
89.4
85.5
80.6
73.9
68.1
65.1
67.7
76.5
75.3
101.9
101.0
97.1
94.4
91.8
89.7
85.7
78.7
66.7
55.9
53.9
63.4
65.8
99.2
102.0
98.8
96.3
94.0
95.5
96.0
89.0
76.0
64.5
62.9
71.4
71.0
98.7
99.7
101.6
103.2
100.6
103.2
102.7
93.0
76.9
56.4
48.6
56.4
57.9
104.7 102.6 92.1 91.1 103.4
100.3 99.9 100.0 100.0 98.2
95.0 97.5 107.9 108.9 98.4
93.2 97.8
94.8
0)
0)
94.0 98.9 90.0 87.5 94.9
94.8 100.1
89.4
(0
0)
96.7 101.5 91.2 90.3 94.3
92.1 96.3
92.3
0)
0)
84.1 82.2 75.8 68.1 80.3
79.8 65.2 76.7 56.2 74.2
87.6 67.7 102.6 73.7 78.6
103.7 90.5 84.7 61.0 86.4
82.8 76.0 90.0 77.2 81.6
102.6
100.4
97.0
91.5
90.6
87.5
91.4
89.7
79.6
68.7
67.0
70.1
71.0
1985
January_____ ____
February................
M arch______ _____
A pril......... ..............
M a y ...... ..................
J u n e .......................
J u ly .........................
August— .............
September..............
October...... ............
N ovem ber_______
Decem ber...............
78.6
80.3
82.2
77.6
74.3
72.4
68.4
69.8
87.9
90.6
85.2
86.6
67.4
70.3
72.9
64.7
63.4
63.3
57.0
60.4
86.1
81.1
73.7
81.3
76.2
76.5
75.0
74.2
73.5
73.8
74.6
76.3
77.0
77.1
75.8
73.2
63.8
66.1
63.5
62.5
62.3
62.9
64.1
66.1
72.6
73.7
67.7
64.5
60.8
61.3
64.2
69.1
77.7
84.6
87.6
85.9
73.8
65.7
61.5
59.8
48.6
49.6
52.4
55.5
62.2
68.4
71.8
69.3
60.2
54.0
51.2
51.1
84.0 42.7 39.3
76.5 35.7 37.1
73.5 35.1 36.4
74.3 39.5 39.0
74.0 44.6 42.1
74.8 43.3 40.7
75.0 47.2 43.6
73.2 77.1 70.7
74.1 84.6 82.8
75.6 245.8 170.2
77.7 238.9 202.7
79.7 145.2 122.0
71.1
69.6
69.6
76.2
75.7
73.6
72.7
71.3
70.2
68.3
62.4
70.7
1 Data not available.
94.3
87.2
82.9
81.5
80.6
81.4
80.4
79.4
78.9
79.7
82.8
84.3
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy Pay
ment rolls
84.4
81.5
81.0
83.8
83.6
83.3
85.5
82.0
78.0
81.3
76.8
77.6
20
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Paper and
printing
Tobacco manufactures
Group index
M onth and year
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average...........................................
1924 average............................... ..........
1925 average— ......................................
1926 average..........................................
1927 average....... ...................................
1928 average....................................... . .
1929 average...........................................
1930 average...........................................
1931 average_______________________
1932 average...........................................
1933 average...........................................
1934 average.............. ............................
1935 average....... .......... .........................
1935
January...................................................
February................................................
M arch.....................................................
April........................................................
M a y........................ ...........................
June....................................................... .
July........................................................
August............ ............ ...........................
September..............................................
October...................................................
N ovem ber.......................... .......... .........
December..............................................
Pay
rolls
Chewing
and smoking
tobacco
and snuff
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Cigars and
cigarettes
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
105.7
98.8
95.5
90.9
93.4
90.7
83.9
78.3
72.1
64.0
59.7
62.6
57.9
104.1
99.4
96. 5
92.1
91.0
86.1
81.8
72.7
60.1
47.1
42.5
47.1
46.1
102.7
102.7
94.6
93.1
82.6
75.6
68.0
69.8
71.9
76.2
74.5
75.6
67.8
101.4
101.6
97.0
94.0
84.8
77.4
71.3
71.3
69.0
66.0
63.1
67.4
66.2
106.2
98.2
95.6
90.4
94.9
92.8
86.0
79.4
72.1
62.5
57.9
60.9
56.6
104.5
99.2
96.3
91.8
91.8
87.2
83.1
72.9
58.9
45.0
39.9
44.6
43.5
56.5
57.3
57.8
56.8
56.6
57.8
57.6
57.9
58.9
60.0
59.7
58.2
41.5
40.8
44.3
43.1
43.8
46.8
47.6
46.6
49.4
50.5
48.9
49.6
73.5
72.6
70.6
68.7
66.3
66.6
65.8
64.4
65.3
66.2
66.2
67.1
68.5
66.7
67.7
64.9
64.5
67.2
66.8
65.1
66.7
65.4
63.7
67.1
54.3
55.3
56.1
55.3
55.3
56.7
56.5
57.0
58.1
59.2
58.8
57.1
38.1
37.5
41.3
40.3
41.2
44.2
45.1
44.2
47.2
48.6
47.0
47.4
Group index
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
99.2
96.2
99.5
99.7
101.1 ' 104.3
104.1
110.8
104.1
111.0
112.3
105.0
111.3
119.5
108.0
114.6
96.3
97.3
85.0
74.8
86.2
69.3
79.6
94.8
85.3
97.0
95.6
96.7
96.9
96.9
96.5
95.6
95.5
95.9
97.3
98.3
98.7
99.7
83.4
84.1
84.5
84.6
84.8
83.4
81.4
83.0
86.2
88.2
88.0
91.8
Paper and printing— Continued
M on th and year
Boxes, paper
Em
ploy
ment
1923 average_________________ _____
1924 average________________________
1925 average________________________
1926 average______________________ 1927 average________________________
1928 average________________________
1929 average______________________ _
1930 average______________________ _
1931 average............................. ............
1932 average___________________ ___
1933 average...........................................
1934 average............... ............. ...........
1935 average....... ................. —............ .
1936
January________________________ _
February........ .............. .......... ..............
M arch............. .......................................
A p r il......... .............................................
M a y ............................................... .........
June____________ _______ __________
J uly................. .......................................
August_____________________________
September_________________________
October____________________________
N ovem ber_________________________
Decem ber__________________________
Pay
rolls
Paper and
pulp
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Printing and
publishing,
book and job
Printing and
publishing,
newspapers
and
periodicals
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
100.0
99.5
100.5
102.1
99.2
96.3
97.9
90.7
81.8
70.5
77.0
84.9
86.7
97.3
99.7
103.0
106.9
104.0
102.0
102.9
91. 6
79.0
60.1
62.7
75.4
80. 5
100.0
97.3
102.7
105.8
102.2
100.8
106.1
102.5
89.5
82.4
90.3
105.3
109.1
98.4
97.5
104.1
109.1
105.3
105.3
112.5
104.6
82.1
61. 7
64.9
79.2
88.6
98.3
100. 7
101.0
104.9
106.9
107.4
113.1
110.9
100. 7
85. 8
79.4
85.7
87.8
95.5
100.0
104.5
112.5
114.1
113.6
118.7
115.6
99.1
73.4
62. 5
72.0
78.0
98.9
101.0
100.1
101.7
102.2
104. 5
111.0
109.9
101. 8
92.8
93.3
98.5
99. 2
94.7
100.6
104.7
110. a
111. 1
113.6
121.8
119.4
108.0
88 6
80.0
87.4
90. 2
83.2
84.6
86.3
85.7
84.5
83.1
83.3
85.3
88.8
92.6
92.9
90.4
74.9
76. 5
79. 6
78.1
75.5
74.6
73.9
78.7
85.3
91.8
89.1
87.6
106.8
108.7
109.7
109.8
109.9
109.1
108.9
108.8
109.2
109.1
109.0
110.0
83.5
86.8
88.4
87.3
86.9
87.4
85.1
87.2
90. 7
93.3
91.7
94.4
87. 7
89.3
87.4
87.1
86.2
85.1
86.6
87.6
87.6
88.2
89.1
91.2
78.1
78.1
77.0
77.1
78.8
75. 6
75.8
76. 5
77.6
78.3
78.4
84.7
98.4
98.0
98.8
99.4
99.6
99.0
97.0
96. 5
99.4
100.7
101.2
102.4
89.5
88.8
89.2
90.5
90.4
89.4
85.3
86.3
90.5
92.1
93.1
06.8
21
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Chemicals and allied products
Group index
M onth and year
Other than
petroleum
refining
(subgroup)
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, Druggists' prep
arations
cake, and meal
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
1923 average............
1924 average............
1925 average............
1926 average............
1927 average______
1928 average______
1929 average............
1930 average............
1931 average............
1932 average............
1933 average............
1934 average............
1935 average............
102.9
96.7
100.4
106.7
104.1
103.9
115.6
109.5
95.1
84.0
94.7
108.6
109.9
102.2
96.3
101.5
108.8
107.9
108.1
121.0
112.2
91.8
70.4
74.3
89.4
96.5
102.9
96.9
100.2
105.6
102.7
102.4
113.4
105.8
92.5
81.1
93.5
108.0
110.0
102.1
96.8
101.0
107.6
106.7
108.1
118.5
106.6
87.5
65.8
71.6
87.9
95.7
105.7
98.0
96.3
0)
(0
0)
109.2
99.5
85.1
72.9
87.2
108.1
106.9
101.8
98.1
100.1
0)
0)
0)
120.0
103.5
84.2
63.0
71.9
92.4
97.7
87.8
100.5
111.7
0)
127.0
0)
109.0
0)
84.5
89.7
87.2
83.4
70.8
83.9
94.9
121.2
0)
151.3
0)
118.9
0)
88.5
79.0
74.2
76.2
71.5
97.7
96.8
105.5
108.3
110.4
106.6
116.4
108.2
103.2
90.3
90.7
101.1
98.9
91.8
97.5
110.7
113.4
119.2
113.1
124.4
116.3
105.3
82.4
81.0
92.1
95.8
1935
January...... .......... .
February..............
M arch..... ................
A p r il-.. .................
M a y ........................
June______________
July..........................
August...... ............ .
September............
O ctober. .................
Novem ber...............
December...............
108.4
109.4
112.7
111.5
108.0
107.3
106.8
107.9
110.7
113.1
112.4
111.1
91.6
93.2
96.1
95.9
94.8
95.0
95.4
97.0
99.0
100.6
99.1
100.8
108.2
109.9
113.9
112.3
108.0
106.4
105.7
106.9
110.8
113.7
112.9
111.4
90.5
92.5
96.0
95.6
94.1
93.7
93.8
95.4
97.8
100.1
99.2
99.8
103.0
102.8
103.4
106.9
107.1
108.1
109.0
107.7
108.0
108.9
109.5
108.8
90.8
91.0
93.7
96.2
97.8
98.0
101.6
100.8
98.8
100.1
101.9
102.1
76.0
70.7
74.9
53.6
42.3
43.3
46.7
59.6
86.1
107.4
98.1
90.5
69.8
68.9
75.1
49.4
38.3
42.0
48.3
62.5
88.8
112.4
104.2
98.0
101.3
102.4
98.9
98.9
96.8
95.8
95.1
97.3
99.5
101.6
100.3
98.8
96.8
97.9
95.9
97.7
93.9
93.7
92.3
92.0
97.3
99.9
94.7
97.2
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
Chemicals and allied products— Continued
Explosives
Fertilizers
M onth and year
1923 average______
1924 average______
1925 average______
1926 average......... .
1927 average...........
1928 average______
1929 average______
1930 average......... .
1931 average______
1932 average.........
1933 average______
1934 average...........
1935 average...........
1985
January............ .
F e b ru a ry ..............
M arch...... ..........
A p ril............... .......
M a y _____________
June_____________
July_____________
August____ ______
September.......... .
O c to b e r _________
N ovem ber_______
December...............
Paints and
varnishes
Rayon and
allied
products
Soap
Petroleum
refining
E m Pay
p loy
ment rolls
Em
Pay
ploy rolls
ment
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
108.5
94.8
96.7
98.7
98.5
95.4
95.3
79.7
80.4
66.4
76.3
93.6
87.4
109.5
97.6
92.9
92.2
97.6
92.2
102.0
74.7
66.9
45.3
52.3
71.6
74.0
100.5
93.1
106.4
112.8
100.8
107.6
113.4
111.0
78.8
62.4
82.5
106.4
101.7
99.1
93.6
107.3
118.4
106.9
109.1
108.3
104.2
73.4
49.6
55.8
79.3
84.6
95.6
97.6
106.8
(0
117.5
0)
122.3
0)
94.4
82.2
85.7
100.3
107.2
91.6
99.8
108.6
(0
123.3
0)
129.6
0)
90.3
66.8
64.3
79.0
89.9
87.3
93.1
119.6
0)
164.8
0)
244.4
242.2
241.9
217.0
281.9
307.6
342.8
91.3
95.5
113.2
(0
141.2
0)
220.2
214.1
188.4
140.4
178.8
215.4
252.0
104.9 105.7 103.0
100.0 100.0 96.1
95.1 94.3 100.9
0)
(0 110.8
82.9 100.3 109.9
0)
(0 104.7
88.6 96.7 124.4
0) 124.9
0)
87.4 90.2 106.2
83.3 75.0 96.1
89.8 73.3 99.8
100.4 87.2 111. 1
101.0 95.8 109. 6
102.3
94.6
103.1
112.7
111.9
108.3
129.2
130.4
105.8
85.4
83.1
94.3
99.2
88.1
89.3
88.3
84.6
87.3
86. 5
86.1
86.5
86.2
89.8
89.9
86.7
68.3
75.5
73.0
69.3
74.4
72.6
70.0
76.9
71.3
80.2
80.2
76.2
111.0
120.3
167.5
155.3
110.1
79.2
68.0
69.5
82.6
88.8
83.9
84.5
83.6
91.1
130.4
119.9
91.7
69.2
62.0
63.3
77.1
78.6
72.5
75.2
98.7
102.2
104.2
109.2
112.6
112.5
108.6
105. 5
106.7
109.2
109.3
107.9
79.4
83.7
86.2
91.9
95.1
94.0
88.9
87.8
89.5
94.8
94.0
93.7
338.0
346.8
348.9
334.9
326.9
325.9
327.9
340.3
353.6
356.8
356.1
357.9
245.4
252.3
252.3
242. 7
237.8
240.5
240.2
253.4
264.1
263.5
263.3
268.0
99.1 90.7 109.0
102.1 94.3 107.3
103. 3 95.9 107.9
102.7 97.0 108.3
98.2 93.8 108.3
99.5 95.8 110.6
99.3 94.4 111.2
98.0 93.8 112.2
103.1 99.4 110.1
105.4 101.3 110.9
103.7 98.3 110.3
97.3 94.6 109.6
95.2
95.3
96.4
96.9
96.8
99.3
100.5
i02. 5
102.8
102.2
98.8
104.0
1 Data not available.
22
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing Industries—
Continued
Rubber products
M onth and year
Group index
R ubber boots
and shoes
R ubber goods,
other than
boots, shoes,
tires, and inner
tubes
Em
p loy
ment
R ubber tires
and inner tubes
Em
ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
1923 average.............................. ...........
1924 a v e r a g e . ....................................
1925 a vera g e.._____ ________ ______
1926 average_______________________
1927 average......... ........................ .......
1928 a vera g e........................................
1929 average.............. ............ .......... .
1930 average.......... ...............................
1931 average.............. ............................
1932 average............ .......... .......... .........
1933 a vera g e........ .............. ..................
1934 average................... ........... ..........
1935 average............ ............... .............
103.6
91.8
105.6
105.1
105.7
111.1
111.0
85.9
73.9
65.4
74.7
84.1
83.1
101.0
93.9
106.1
107.0
110.0
117.5
115.1
84.7
63.5
44.9
50.3
63.7
68.7
117.0
83.6
99.4
103.0
106.8
105.0
102.1
82.0
63.2
52.5
55.1
60.5
56.6
118.7
82.3
9&0
101.7
113.2
107.1
105.6
77.4
48.6
37.7
42.5
48.8
48.4
103.1
91.6
105.3
0)
110.3
0)
120.3
0)
102.3
94.1
112.2
122.4
124.1
100.1
92.7
107.2
0)
115.5
(0
126.4
0)
89.9
70.0
79.5
94.3
106.1
97.7
94.5
107.8
105.4
103.3
109.9
110.0
79.0
64.9
57.1
64.7
75.2
72.3
96.8
95.7
107.5
107.2
107.0
116.8
113.2
79.3
56.2
37.7
41.7
56.4
60.4
1985
January............ ........... ............. ..........
February........................ ............ ..........
M arch......................................... ..........
A p ril.......................................... ............
M a y .........................................................
June.................................... .......... ........
J u ly......................................... ................
A ugust....................................................
September........... ............. ...................
October...................... ............ .......... .
N ovem ber___________________ . . .
Decem ber____ _____ _______________
83.1
84.3
84.5
83.6
83.4
80.9
78.3
79.1
81.1
83.8
82.7
83.0
69.4
71.9
70.6
71.2
66.5
64.9
61.3
64.3
68.8
70.8
70.3
74.5
59.2
59.1
58.2
52.9
53.1
52.9
51.0
57.6
58.2
58.9
58.5
60.1
51.3
49.4
49.8
43.8
43.2
41.8
41.7
49.4
50.4
52.9
50.1
56.6
120.4
123.9
126.1
126.7
124.8
120.5
117.6
117.1
123.2
128.7
130.7
129.2
102.0
104.9
107.1
106.7
104.6
97.7
94.9
98.6
108.9
116.6
113.7
117.2
74.7
75.3
75.1
74.9
73.6
72.9
70.3
69.7
70.3
70.7
69.8
70.5
62.2
65.7
62.7
65.4
58.7
58.9
54.2
55.8
59.0
59.0
59.9
63.8
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
Em
p loy
ment
P ay
rolls
i Data not available.
Trade, Public U tility , M ining, Service Industries, and Private Building
Construction
Employment, pay rolls, and earnings in December 1935
C o m p a r e d with November, 8 of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries
surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics show increases in employ
ment in December and 13 show gains in pay rolls. The largest per
centage gains (23.0 in employment and 95.3 in pay rolls) were re
ported by anthracite mining. These increases largely offset the
sharp declines in this industry in November. Bituminous-coal mines
reported 3.9 percent more employees, and employment in metallifer
ous mining advanced 1.8 percent. Gains in the metal mining industry
have been reported each month since July. Employment in retail
trade climbed 10.3 percent, largely because of the 31.6-percent gain
in the subgroup, general merchandising (department, variety, and
general-merchandising stores and mail-order houses), which took on
additional employees to handle the Christmas trade. Continuing
the upward trend that has been in evidence since July, employment
in the wholesale trade increased 0.4 percent in December. This
increase carried the employment index for wholesale establishments
23
to the highest level since February 1931. Employment in brokerage
firms in December again advanced (3.5 percent), reflecting increased
business in the security markets.
Seasonal declines in employment are shown in quarrying and nonmetallic mining, private building construction, and dyeing and
cleaning. The decline in private building construction during the
month, however, was relatively moderate for this time of year.
In the aggregate there were 351,000 more employees on the pay
rolls of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries in December than in
November, and weekly wage disbursements increased $9,000,000. A
comparison with December 1934 shows 150,000 more employees in
these industries in December 1935 and $10,800,000 more in weekly
pay rolls.
Indexes of employment and pay rolls, per capita weekly earnings,
average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in
December 1935 for 13 of the trade, public utility, mining, and service
industries, together with percentage changes from November 1935
and December 1934, are shown in table 4. Similar information,
except indexes of employment and pay rolls, is also presented for
private building construction. Man-hour data and indexes of em
ployment and pay rolls are not available for banking, brokerage, or
insurance establishments, but the table shows percentage changes in
employment, pay rolls, and per capita weekly earnings for these
three industries.
46942—36------4
Table 4.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings, in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries, December 1935
Industry
Coal mining:
Anthracite
__ _ _ _______________________
_______________________
Bituminous
.
Metalliferous mining
_______________
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining______________
Crude-petroleum producing
__
_________
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph____________________
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas
_
_________________________________
Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation
and maintenance__________________________
Trade:
Wholesale___________________________________
R e ta il__ _________________________________
General merchandising--------- -----------------Other than general merchandising ____
Hotels (year-round) 2_ ______ _________________
Laundries— ................................. ................. ............
Brokerage_______________________________________
Insurance
____________________________________
Building construction_______ __________________
Average weekly
earnings 1
Pay roll
Employment
Average hours worked
per week 1
Average hourly
earnings1
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index
Index
change from—
change from—
change from—
Decem change from— Decem change from—
ber 1935
ber 1935
Decem
Decem
Decem
(aver
(aver
ber 1935
ber 1935
ber 1935
age
age
N ovem Decem
N ovem Decem
N ovem Decem
N ovem Decem 1929 Novem Decem
1929
ber 1935 ber 1934
ber 1935 ber 1934
ber 1935 ber 1934
ber 1934 = 100) ber 1935 ber 1934
= 100) ber 1935
57.3
79.1
53.5
43.1
72.2
+23.0
+ 3 .9
+ 1 .8
- 7 .7
- 1 .1
69.6
-.3
86.8
-.9
70.5
-.8
86.8
93.3
133.7
82.7
80.8
81.1
73.4
(3)
(3)
(8)
(3)
+ .4
+10.3
+31.6
+ 3 .2
-.8
-.2
-3 .8
+ .2
+ 3.5
+ .1
-6 .7
-7 .0
-.8
+20.5
+ 2 .4
- 8 .3
-.1
+ 3 .8
-.7
+ 2.1
+ 2.4
+ 4.1
+ 1 .7
+ 1 .0
+ 2 .0
+ 1.4
+ 2.1
+14.6
+ .7
+ 4 .9
33.5
28.7
42.5
35.4
38.5
55.4
69.5
43.2
29.7
59.9
+95.3
+ 6 .0
+ 9 .0
-7 .4
+ 5 .2
+ 5 .9
+21.9
+46.9
+25.8
+ .7
$28.08
22.75
24.91
17.39
30.09
+58.7
+ 2 .0
+ 7 .1
+. 5
+ 6 .4
+13.9
+ 22.9
+21.9
+22.8
+ 9 .8
75.6
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .3
29.25
+ 1 .4
+ 3 .4
38.5
+ 4 .0
+ 5 .8
40.0
86.0
+ 3 .2
+ 9 .8
31.48
+ 8 .9
+14.6
+21.2
+16.8
+ 6.1
Cents
83.1
80.6
58.5
48.8
78.2
+ 3 .2
-1 .7
+ .3
+ 1 .5
-.3
+ 1.6
+ 9.5
+ 2.1
-.5
-.5
-1 .5
-1 .0
78.4
+ 2 .8
+ 5 .3
+ 1 .8
+ 3 .5
78.5
+ 1 .8
+ 2.4
+ 4 .4
62.6
+ .8
+ 2 .4
+ 3 .7
+2. 5
+ 3 .9
+ 2 .1
+ 2 .6
+ 5 .0
-2 .0
(3)
00
(3)
+14.9
64.5
49.1
41.4
52.4
28.2
36.6
42.6
(*)
(3
(3)
80.5
+ .5
- 3 .5
-8 .6
- .8
0
0
-.5
- .8
-.3
-.9
-. 1
+ .1
+ .1
-.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
- 3 .0
+50.2
+ 4 .4
+ 6 .8
-.8
+ 6 .4
66.1
+ 3 .6
+ 6 .1
29. 81
+ 4 .3
+ 7 .0
47.0
+ 4 .0
68.6
69.4
104.9
62.1
64.2
67.5
52.9
(3)
(3)
(*)
(3)
+ 2 .6
+ 9 .5
+27.9
+ 4 .1
-.9
+ 1 .1
—4.4
+ .3
+ 5 .0
+ 1 .2
-4 .3
+ 5.9
+ 4 .8
+ 6 .0
+ 4 .5
+ 3 .2
+ 6 .6
+ 3 .5
+ 1 .9
+19.4
+ 2 .7
+14.5
27.43
19. 62
16.79
22.68
13.75
15. 71
17.74
31.71
35.71
36.59
25.10
+ 2 .2
-2 .4
- 2 .8
+ .8
-.1
+ 1 .3
—.6
+. 1
+ 1 .4
+ 1.1
+ 2 .6
+ 3 .7
+ 2 .3
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .7
+ 2 .2
+ 4 .5
+ 2 .1
-.2
+ 4 .2
+ 2 .0
+ 9 .6
42.4
43.3
41.9
43.9
48.3
41.2
41.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
31.2
+ 1 .7
+ 2.1
+ 6 .6
+ 1 .2
0
+ 1 .5
+ .2
(3)
(3)
(3)
+ 3 .3
(3)
(3)
-.4
1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are com puted from data furnished
b y a smaller number of establishments as some firms do not report man-hour information. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes.
2 Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
* N ot available.
25
Indexes of employment and pay rolls in tradef public utility, mining, and service
industries, January 1984 to December 1985
I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls in 13 trade, public utility,
mining, and service industries and 2 subdivisions under retail trade
are shown by months in table 5 for the period January 1934 to
December 1935.
Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1934 to December 1935 1
[12-month average, 1929=100]
Anthracite mining
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Bituminous-coal
mining
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935
January ...........
February_____
March.__ __ _
A pril_________
M a y _________
June__.............
64 1
63 2
67.5
58.2
63.8
57.5
62 9
64 4
51.4
52.6
53.5
56.8
73. 2
65 8
82.4
51.7
64.0
53.3
57 5
64 3
38.9
49.9
49.5
66.0
75 8
76.1
77.8
72.2
76.7
76.7
80.0
81.1
81.6
74.3
75.3
77.9
51.3
54.6
58.9
51.4
54.4
55.1
59.6
66.1
67.5
45.0
49.1
64.7
39.6
40.3
39.8
41.7
40.8
41.0
44.3
44.3
45.0
46.0
44.4
46.0
25.4
26.0
25.9
27.2
25.6
26.7
3a 1
29.9
30.9
31.8
31.4
31.5
39.7
38.8
42.0
48.7
54.3
56.6
36.9
37.3
40.5
45.3
49.5
50.4
21.3
21.0
24.1
29.9
35.0
37.0
20.8
22.2
24.9
28.9
32.8
33.8
July............... .
August_______
September____
October. ____
N ovem ber.......
D ecem ber........
53.6
49.5
56.9
58.5
60.7
61.6
49.4
38.7
46.0
58.8
46.6
57.3
42.3
39.7
47.0
48.3
51.2
52.3
37.5
28.3
38.2
55.9
28.4
55.4
77.0
77.1
78.2
79.3
79.8
79.7
70.0
73.4
77.1
74.3
76.1
79.1
49.7
50.4
51.4
57.6
58.3
57.0
35.9
45.8
60.1
69.8
65.5
69.5
39.9
42.7
42.3
43.3
43.2
44.4
45.2
46.3
48.9
51.6
52.6
53.5
25.1
27.0
25.9
28.2
28.5
29.4
31.1
33.4
35.4
38.7
39.6
43.2
55.6
54.7
53.3
51.8
49.5
42.1
50.9
51.0
50.0
50.0
46.7
43.1
35.0
34.0
32.4
32.1
29.4
23.6
34.4
36.3
35.4
36.5
32.1
29.7
Average.
59.6 53.2 55.9 47.5 77.2 76.7 54.2 58.2 41.6 47.3 26.7 33.9 48.9 46.0 29.6 30.6
Crude-petroleum
producing
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Telephone and
telegraph
Em ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Electric light and
power and manu
factured gas
Electric-railroad and
motor-bus opera
tion and mainte
nance 2
Em ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935
January______
February.........
M arch________
April_________
M a y __________
June__________
73.2
72.4
72.8
74.0
76.7
80.0
74.9
74.2
74.0
74.9
76.0
76.7
53.0
50.5
52.5
53.4
56.4
56.9
55.5
54.9
56.0
56.7
57.8
59.2
70.2
69.8
70.0
70.2
70.2
70.4
70.5
70.0
69.8
69.7
70.0
70.2
69.0
67.9
70.4
68.8
71.4
71.3
73.9
72.9
75.3
73.1
73.7
74.4
82.2
81.2
81.7
82.4
83.1
84.0
82.7
82.2
382.3
82.6
383.3
383.9
73.8
74.4
75.6
76.8
77.6
77.8
78.0
78.3
79.4
79.0
79.8
79.8
70.5
71.0
71.7
72.2
72.6
73.2
71.2
71.0
71.3
71.4
71.6
71.7
59.2
60.1
62.2
62.9
63.0
63.2
62.9
63.1
63.4
63.3
63.6
63.9
July...................
August_______
September-----October_______
N ovem ber........
D ecem ber........
81.6
82.7
81.8
79.5
78.8
78.7
77.4
76.3
75.1
74.7
73.0
72.2
60.0
61.2
59.7
60.8
59.0
59.5
59.9
58.9
60.9
57.9
56.9
59.9
71.0
71.0
70.9
70.3
69.9
69.7
70.3
70.5
70.4
70.0
69.8
69.6
72.3
74.0
72.2
74.9
72.2
73.2
75.7
75.5
73.8
74.9
74.9
75.6
85.0
85.6
85.8
85.8
85.5
83.6
384.8
386.8
86.9
87.4
387.6
86.8
81.1
79.9
79.3
80.6
79.6
78.3
81.5
82.8
84.5
84.4
83.4
86.0
73.1
72.8
72.5
72.2
71.8
71.0
71.5
71.2
71.0
71.1
71.1
70.5
63.8
62.8
62.4
63.0
61.8
62.3
63.4
63.3
64.0
64.1
63.8
66.1
Average.
77.7 75.0 56.9 57.9 70.3 70.1 71.5 74.5 83.8 84.8 77.9 81.4 72.1 71.2 62.2 63.7
^Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found
in the November 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues
3f the M onthly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935
issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M onthly Labor Review.
2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 1.
3 Revised.
26
Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1934 to December 1935— Continued
Wholesale trade
M on th
E m p loy
ment
P ay rolls
Total retail trade
E m ploy
ment
P ay rolls
Retail trade—general
merchandising
Retail trade—other
than general mer
chandising
E m p loy
ment
E m p loy
ment
Pay rolls
P ay rolls
1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935
J a n u a r y _____
February_____
M a rch________
A pril_________
M a y _________
June . . _____
80.6
81.2
81.8
82.1
82.8
82.3
84.2
84.6
84 0
83 2
8? 5
82.1
60 3
61.0
62 0
63 1
6? 6
62.8
63.9
64.6
65 2
64 8
64 6
64.6
79.8
79.6
81 5
8? 5
82 9
82.6
79.5
79.2
80.2
83.5
82.2
82.2
59.0
58.8
59.8
61.2
61.5
61.4
59.7
59.3
60.4
62.5
62.0
62.5
86.6
85.0
90.1
91.0
92.0
90.6
87.3
86.2
88.6
94.4
91.3
91.2
71.1
68.9
71.5
74.0
74.5
73.9
73.5
72.3
74.1
77.5
76.3
76.7
78.0
78.2
79.3
80. 3
80.5
80.5
77.4
77. 3
78.0
80.7
79.8
79.8
56.5
56.7
57.4
58.5
58.8
58.8
56.9
56.6
57.6
59.4
59.0
59.5
...............
A u g u s t ______
September____
O ctober______
N ovem ber____
D ecem ber........
82.2
82.5
83.5
84.3
85.1
85.0
82 1
82.7
83.7
85.7
86.4
86.8
63 8
62.7
63.6
64.5
64.2
64.8
64 6
64.8
67.2
66.8
66.9
68.6
79J u0 l y79.3
77.8 78.0
81.7 81.8
82.6 83.8
83.7 84.6
91.1 93.3
60.1
58.4
60.6
61.9
61.9
66.2
60.5
59.3
62.5
63.2
63.4
69.4
83.0
81.2
91.5
94.2
99.9
128.4
85.5
83.1
92.2
97.1
101.6
133.7
69.5
66.9
74.0
77.3
80.2
99.0
72.0
69.5
77.2
79.8
82.0
104.9
77.9
76.9
79.1
79.5
79.4
81.3
77.7
76.7
79.1
80.3
80.1
82.7
58.2
56.6
57.8
58.7
58.1
59.4
58.1
57.2
59.4
59.8
59.6
62.1
Average . 82.8 84.0 63.0 65.5 82.1 82.3 60.9 62.1 92.8 94.3 75.1 78.0 79.2 79.1 58.0 58.8
Year-round hotels
E m ploy
ment
M onth
Pay rolls
Laundries
E m ploy
ment
D yeing and cleaning
Pay rolls
E m ploy
ment
P ay rolls
1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935
----------January_______
F ebruary_____
M arch............... : : : : : : :
A p ril..... ............
M a y __________
June__________ —
----
---- -------
76.4
78.9
80.4
81.5
81.8
......... 81.9
:::::
J u l y . . . .............
.....
A ugust.............. ............
SeDtember
October____ ________________________
N ovem ber__________________________
December
A vera ge-
......... ........
80.4
80.0
80.0
80.9
80.6
80.0
80.3
81.1
80.8
81.1
81.6
81.3
57.2
60.9
62.2
62.7
62.9
62.9
62.2
63.5
63.9
63.6
63.7
63.5
78.5
78.4
79.2
80.5
82.1
84.0
79.6
79.6
79.7
80.0
81.1
82.3
61.7
61.7
62.7
64.4
66.9
68.3
63.9
64.1
64.6
65.5
66.6
68.2
68.1
68.1
72.4
79.9
84.3
84.9
70.3
69.6
72.5
79.9
80.9
83.6
46.8
46.3
51.7
60.8
65.1
64.1
50.4
49.8
53.5
61.9
61.7
65.7
80.3
80.7
81.1
81.6
81.5
80.8
61.5
60.2
61.0
62.7
62.4
62.2
62.1
62.0
63.1
64.3
64.8
64.2
84.6
83.7
82.9
81.7
80.3
79.5
84.4
84.2
83.0
81.9
81.3
81.1
68.2
66.6
65.9
64.8
63.7
63.3
70.9
69.2
67.9
67.1
66.7
67.5
80.5
78.6
80.0
80.3
75.8
72.4
81.7
79.4
82.1
80.4
76. 3
73.4
58.9
56.7
59.0
59.1
53. 9
51.1
61.5
58.2
63.1
61.1
55.4
52.9
80.2 .81.0 61.6 63.4 81.3 81.5 64.9 66.8 77.1 77.5 56.1 57.9
Employment on Class I Railroads
E x c l u s i v e of executives and officials, employment on class I rail
roads (railroads having operating revenues of $1,000,000 or over) fell
from 984,319 workers in November to 971,465 (preliminary) in Decem
ber, a decrease of 1.3 percent. Information concerning pay rolls in
December was not available at the time this report was prepared.
The total compensation of all employees except executives and
officials was $132,687,315 in November as against $142,107,244 in
October, a decrease of 6.6 percent. The figures are based on reports
supplied by the Interstate Commerce Commission.
The Commission’s preliminary indexes of employment, taking the
3-year average 1923-25 as 100, are 55.1 for December and 55.8 for
November. The final October index is 56.9.
27
Trend o f Private Employment by States
C h a n g e s in employment and pay rolls from November to December
1935 are shown by States in table 6 for all groups combined (except
building construction) and for all manufacturing industries com
bined. Data for nonmanufacturing groups which were formerly
published in this table are omitted from the present analysis, but will
be furnished on request.
The percentage changes shown in the table, unless otherwise noted,
are unweighted— that is, the industries included in the manufacturing
group and in the grand total have not been weighted according to
their relative importance.
Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in December 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States
{Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by
cooperating State organizations]
Total—All groups
Geographic divi N um
sion and State
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Per
cent
Number age Amount of
on pay change pay roll
roll D e from
(1 week)
cember
N o December
vem
1935
1935
ber
1935
Manufacturing
Per
cent
age
change
from
N o
vem
ber
1935
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Per
cent
Number age Anlount of
on pay change pay roll
roll D e from
(1 week)
cember
N o December
vem
1935
1935
ber
1935
N ew E n g la n d ___ 13,766 838,647 +1.5 $17,979,867 + 4.9 3,128 555,869
M aine......... .........
775
New Hampshire.
659
Vermont_______
463
Massachusetts__ 2 8,617
Rhode Island___ 1,240
Connecticut____ 2,012
51,653
34,459
16,411
457,532
92,347
186,245
+ 2 .9
990,601 +11.1
256
-1 .2
681,597 + 4. 7
181
331,895 + 0 )
-.9
124
+ 1 .9 10,019,956 + 5 .3 1,549
1,906,978 + 9 .5
402
+ 1.1
4 ,048,840 + 1 .0
616
+ .9
42,591
27,207
10,100
255,860
70,761
149,350
M iddle A tlan tic.. 34,072 1,945,945 +3.0 46,970,308 +6.2 4,963 1,094,126
N ew Y ork______ 21,405 875,692 + 3 .7 22,183,544 + 4 .3 31,963 401,105
-.4
New Jersey_____ 3,764 269,881
6,416,904 + 1 .5 4 753 232,359
Pennsylvania___ 8,903
800,372
+ 3 .4
18,369,860 +10.4 2,247
460,662
E ast N orth C en
t r a l ................. 18,913 1,898,396 + 1.9 46, 797,650 +3.8 6,642 1,403,820
O hio__................. 8,179
Indiana............... 1,804
Illinois_________ H, 423
M ichigan_______ 3,501
W iscon sin ...___ 81,006
535,070
206,730
510,333
471,870
174,393
+ 2 .4 12,944,098
+ 2 .0 4,789,380
+ 2 .0 12,045,026
+ 1 .8 13,070,002
+ .s
3,949,144
+ 5 .8 2,205
+ 6 .0
849
+ 4 .4 2,060
779
+ 1 .3
+ 1 .8
749
1,972
1,732
3,281
540
500
1,683
H, 548
85,109
56,186
163, 219
4,965
5,870
33,788
53,514
+ .2
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .1
-.8
+ 2 .4
+• 2
+ 2 .0
1,981,004
1, 201,568
3,587,649
113, 227
129,016
724,367
1,175,193
+ 2 .2
+ 4 .2
+ 6 .2
+ .6
+ 5 .7
-1 .3
+ .1
347
382
747
43
35
155
341
35,020
27,879
78,684
666
1,857
10,838
23,640
S o u th A tla n tic .. 11,027 766,794 +2.0 14,261,462 +3.5 2,580 484,627
Delaware_______
M aryland............
District of Co
lum bia_______
Virginia________
West V irg in ia ...
North C arolin aSouth Carolina. _
Georgia....... .........
Florida.................
$11,354,066 +5.7
792,585 +14.0
521,160 + 5 .8
+ .8
205,081
5,232,390 + 6.9
1,388,914 + 11.7
3,213,936
+ .1
- .4
—.8 25,052, 729
-.8
-1 .8
-.4
10,033,952
5,374,630
9,644,147
+ .9
+ 2 .4
+0)
- C 1)
+ .5 35,597,031 + 4.3
366.509
-.3
9,165,382 + 4.5
3,954,685 + 5.6
168,884 + 1.1
820,295
+• 8 7,463,718 + 3 .4
410,025 + 1 .0 11,826, SOS + 5 .2
138,107 7 - 1 . 0
3,186,943 1 + 1 .8
W est N orth C en
tral..... ............... 11,256 402,651 + 2.2 8,91?, 024 +3.5 2.050 178.584
M innesota______
I o w a .. ................
M issouri_______
North D akota. __
South D akota. __
Nebraska.............
Kansas.................
-0 )
+ 3 .7
-2 .3
-2 .4
+ .1
-.5
Per
cent
age
change
from
N o
vem
ber
1935
+ .7
-2 .4
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .9
-4 .4
+ 4 .7
- 9 .8
+•1
3,920,951 + 2.6
813,575
-.6
588,270 + 4 .3
1,664, 068 + 6 .8
16,840
+• 1
39,940 + 9 .9
239,461 -1 1 .4
558, 797
+ .1
+3.5
236
1,529
13,399
109, 852
+ 2 .2
+ 3 .0
310,670
2,306,126
+ 5 .1
+ 3 .0
79
649
8,695
69,017
+ .4
+ 1 .9
7-.7
8,248,292
196,497
1,403,749
+ 6 .7
1+1.9
1,070
2,180
1,254
1,325
716
1,488
1, 229
45,487
102,043
136, 230
148, 502
67,645
97,988
45,648
+ 9 .8
+ 1 .4
-.6
+ .8
+ 1 .4
+• 5
+ 9 .7
1,068,417 + 7 .8
1,933,770 + 3 .2
3,131,864 + 1 .3
2,204,497 + 2 .5
939, 763 + 2 .6
1, 550,824 + 3 .6
815, 531 +13.2
37
401
234
571
191
342
176
3,674
60, 755
53,351
136,916
60,460
72,856
18,903
-.1
+ .4
-.3
+ .6
+ 1 .0
-.8
+ 9 .1
124,019
1,115,910
1, 246,709
2,013,906
814,179
1,043, 544
289, 779
+• 7
+ 4 .6
+ 7 .4
+ 2 .4
+ 2 .4
+ 2 .7
+ 3 .8
See footnotes at eiid of taible.
28
Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments;
in December 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued
Total—All groups
Geographic ■divi N um
sion and State
ber of
estab
lish
ments
East Sou th Cen
tral....... ............
K en tu cky______
Tennessee______
Alabam a_______
M ississippi_____
4,690
1,547
1,309
1,255
579
Per
cent
Number age Amount of
on pay change pay roll
(1 week)
roll De from
cember
N o December
vem
1935
1935
ber
1935
Manufacturing
Per
cent
age
change
from
N o
vem
ber
1935
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Per
cent
Num ber age A m ount of
on pay change pay roll
(1 week)
roll D e from
cember
N o December
vem
1935
1935
ber
1935
263,745 + 5 .0 $4,667,475 + 5 .1
83,122 + 1 .9
1,696,921 - 1 . 2
88,197 + 1 .6
1,500,867 + 1 .9
75,663 +14.1
1,211, 521 +21.3
16, 763 + 1 .9
258,166 + 3 .1
889
262
311
220
96
154,808
31,675
61,742
50,870
10, 521
+ 0 .8
- 4 .0
+ .4
+ 4 .5
+ .9
-.6
- 2 .1
-.1
-.6
-.4
West South
Central........... 94,235
Arkansas_______ io 561
Louisiana_______ 1,007
Oklahoma______ 1,456
Texas___________ 1,211
167,981
19, 468
43,181
41,227
64,105
+ 1.3
-.2
+ 2 .1
+ 1 .1
+ 1.8
3,483,444
312,671
788,651
931,399
1,450, 723
+ 3 .1
+ 2 .5
+ 3 .8
+ 4 .0
+ 2 .2
819
103
208
127
881
82,209
10,355
21,271
10,130
40,458
M o u n ta in _______ 4,677
M ontana.............
765
Idaho...................
493
W yom in g.......... .
347
C olorado___ ____ 1,281
354
N ew M exico____
Arizona_________
585
Utah........ ...........
604
N evada...............
248
129,909
19,124
10,803
9,234
45,068
6,707
15,079
20,499
3,395
-.8
-1 .0
- 7 .1
- 1 .1
+ .3
+. 3
+ 3 .6
-2 .5
-2 .2
3,130,191
520,119
226,769
264,579
1,041,013
141, 204
363,972
476, 303
96, 232
+ 1 .4
+ 2 .6
-9 .5
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .0
+ 1 .0
+ 9 .4
-1 .3
+ 2 .8
561
81
51
47
175
25
43
106
33
37, 592 - 9 .2
5,001
- 9 .8
3,353 -2 3 .6
2,104 - 5 .4
15, 741 - 6 .3
867 - 3 . 0
2,705 + 1 .8
6,781 -1 3 .7
1,040
-.6
Pacific.....................
W ashington____
Oregon_________
California_______
409,411
88,884
45,300
275,227
- . 1 10,520,305
- 1 .3
2,123,916
- 3 .1
1, 067,858
+ • 9 7,828, 531
6, 578
3,256
1,332
ni,990
+ 2.6 1, 796
+ 1 .2
481
243
+• 9
+ 3 .8 1,072
203,988
43, 539
23, 343
187,106
- 4 .5
- 5 .7
-8 .0
-8 .5
Per
cent
age
change
from
N o
vem
ber
1935
$2,549,843 + 3 .6
649,149 + 1 .7
1,000,616
+ . 3757,962 + 10.8
142,116 + 1 .4
1,623,083
144,384
332, 316
217, 427
928,956
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .5
+ 2 .1
+4. a
+ 1 .0
865,454 —5.3126,898 —2.8
66,477 - 2 9 .7
58, 477 - 2 . 3
- .8
365,919
14,370 + 3 .5
60,485 +7.6141,575 - 1 0 .8
31,253 + 1 .8
5,192,427
1,000,500
517, 585
8,674,34^
-.5
-2 .5
- 2 .3
+•4
1 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
* Includes construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment, amusement and recreation,,
professional services, and trucking and handling.
8 Includes laundering and cleaning, and water, light, and power.
« Includes laundries.
* Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
* Includes construction, but does not include hotels* restaurants, and public works.
7 W eighted percentage change.
8 Includes construction, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
9 N ovem ber data revised. Percentage changes from October to Novem ber in total em ploym ent ia
+0.1; in manufacturing employment, —0.7; in total pay roll, +0.3; in manufacturing pay roll, + 1.
10 Novem ber data revised. Percentage change from October in total em ploym ent is —1.6; in manufac
turing employm ent, —5.1; in total pay roll, —1.8; in manufacturing pay roll, —6.1.
** Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.
Private Employment and Pay R olls in Principal Cities
A c o m p a r i s o n of December employment and pay-roll totals with
November totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population
of 500,000 or over is made in table 7. The changes are computed
from reports received from identical establishments in both months.
In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups
regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been
secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these
city totals. As information concerning employment in building
construction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this
industry have not been included in these city totals.
29
Table 7.—Fluctuations in Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities,
December 1935 as Compared with November 1935
Cities
N ew York C ity ...............
Chicago, 111....... ................
Philadelphia, P a ..............
Detroit, M ich ...................
Los Angeles, Calif______
Cleveland, Ohio...............
St. Louis, M o ...................
Baltimore, M d .................
Boston, Mass....................
Pittsburgh, P a .................
San Francisco, Calif____
Buffalo, N. Y ...................
M ilwaukee, W is...............
Num ber of
establish
ments
reporting
in both
months
16,894
3,895
2, 633
1,466
3,016
1,840
1,712
1,293
3,527
1,586
1,575
1,102
723
N um ber on pay roll
Novem ber
1935
677,331
370,897
220,056
308,637
143,933
133,815
119,409
81,723
164.202
188,087
87,871
68,648
70,817
Per
Amount of pay roll
Per
centage
centage
change
change
from
from
ber December Novem*
December Novem N ovem
1935
1935
1935
ber
ber
(1 week)
(1 week)
1935
1935
697,776
379,821
224,159
317,766
149,181
138,755
123,230
84,459
168,052
193,573
89,152
70,035
72,181
+ 3 .0 $17,580,670 $18,231,446
+ 2 .4
9,167,149
9,675,406
+ 1 .9
5,209,016
5,326,728
+ 3.0
9,044,218
9,195,076
+ 3 .6
3,563,264
3,789,701
+ 3 .7
3,290,975
3,479,612
+ 3 .2
2,616,619
2,757,055
+ 3 .3
1,760, 529
1,846,336
+ 2 .3
3,750,331
3,951,058
+ 2 .9
4,401,066
4,719,656
+ 1 .5
2,336,003
2,436,358
+ 2 .0
1, 641,060
1,726,050
+ 1 .9
1,691,602
1,737,103
+ 3 .7
+ 5 .5
+ 2 .3
+ 1 .7
+ 6 .4
+ 5 .7
+ 5 .4
+ 4 .9
+ 5 .4
+ 7 .2
+ 4 .3
+ 5 .2
+ 2 .7
Part II— Public Employment
W i t h the exception of work provided by the construction program
financed by the Emergency Relief Act of 1935, employment in the
various agencies of the Federal Government was for the most part
lower in December than in November (table 8). Sharp reductions
were reported in the number of workers employed on construction
projects financed by the Public Works Administration, Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, and by regular governmental appropriations.
In the regular agencies of the Government minor increases are shown
for the executive, judicial, and military services, but a small decrease
in the legislative service. On relief work, a pronounced decrease
occurred in the emergency-work program and a moderate decline in
enrollments at Civilian Conservation Camps. By contrast, projects
of the Works Progress Administration provided jobs for more than
2,500,000 workers in December, an increase of 86.2 percent compared
with the previous month.
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employ
ment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935.
The Works Program was inaugurated by the President in a series of
Executive orders by authority of Public Resolution No. 11 approved
April 8,1935. Employment created by this program includes employ
ment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated by
30
the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are those
conducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments from
The Works Program fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration are those projects conducted under the supervision
of the W . P. A.
The emergency-work program consists of projects authorized by the
Federal Relief Administration since April 1, 1934. This program of
providing employment through relief-work projects is being rapidly
curtailed and the slack taken up by projects of the W . P. A. Emer
gency conservation program (Civilian Conservation Corps) created
in April 1933 has been further extended under authority of the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
Table 8.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, December 1935
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Class
Percentage
December Novem ber change
Federal service:
Executive.......................................
816,185
1,933
J u d icia l.........................................
4,975
Legislative.....................................
285,673
M ilitary.........................................
Construction projects:
Financed by P. W . A ____ _____ 2 231, 692
Financed b y R. F. C __________
7,786
Financed b y regular govern
56,780
mental appropriations.............
The W orks Program *........................ 2, 552,637
Relief work:
Emergency-work program.........
68, 558
Emergency conservation w ork . 5 506,605
P ay roll
December
Novem ber
Per
cent
age
change
i 801,608
1,901
5,063
285,117
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .7
-1 .7
+ .2
3 271, 111
9, 793
-1 4 .5
-2 0 .5
2 16, 360, 315
869,459
3 19, 512, 866
1,001,408
-1 6 .2
- 1 3 .2
(33,912
i 1,370, 705
-1 1 .2 ,
+86.2
3,707,963
101,747,882
4,077,395
i 52,889,185
-9 .1
+ 92.4
346,470
8 5-13,958
-8 0 .2
-6 .9
1,844,813
« 21,905,516
8, 253,626
6 23,957, 751
-7 7 .6
-8 .6
$126, 518, 287 i$119,365, 726
512,027
492, 917
1,203,502
1,187,061
22, 301, 638
22,263,595
+ 5 .2
+ 3 .9
-1 .4
+ .2
1 Revised.
2 Includes 9,203 wage earners and $446,783 pay roll covering P. W . A . projects financed from E . R . A . A .,
1935.
3 Includes 3,422 wage earners and $149,545 pay roll covering P. W . A . projects financed from E. R . A . A .,
1935.
* Data covering P. W . A . projects financed from E. R. A . A ., 1935, funds are not included in T he W orks
Program and shown only under P. W . A.
5 41,052 employees and pay roll of $5,550,475 included in executive service.
«46,621 employees and pay roll of $6,418,511 included in executive service.
Exccutivc Service o f the Federal Governm ent
A c c o r d in g to information furnished by the Civil Service Commis
sion, 816,185 workers were employed in December in the executive
branch of the Federal Government.
(See table 9.) Compared
with November, this represents an increase of 1.8 percent and is
19.0 percent more than the number employed in the corresponding
month of 1934.
Of the total workers employed in the executive service in Decem
ber, slightly less than 14 percent were working in Washington.
More than 86 percent were employed in localities other than the
District of Columbia.
31
Table 9.— Employees in Executive Service of the United States, December 1934,
November 1935, and December 1935
District of Columbia
Outside District of
Columbia
Entire service
Item
Perma T em
nent
porary
N um ber of employees:
December 1934 *
88,343
November 1935 a___ 103,108
December 1935.......... 104,282
Gain or loss:
December 1934 to
December 1935___ +15,939
November 1935 to
December 1935___ +1,174
Percentage change:
December 1934 to
December 1935___ +18.04
Novem ber 1935 to
+1.14
December 1935___
Labor turn-over, D e
cember 1935:
1,640
Additions 4................
Separations 4_............
1,077
Turn-over rate per
1.04
100...........................
Total
Perma Tem
nent porary i
7,599 95,942 508,411 81,622
8,088 111, 196 589,395 101,017
7,806 112,088 607,060 97,037
Total
590,033
690,412
704,097
Perma Tem
porary i
nent
Total
596,754 89,221 685,975
692,503 109,105 801,608
711,342 104,843 3 816,185
+207 +16,146 +98,649 +15,415 +114,064 +114,585 +15,624 +130,209
-2 82
+892 +17,665
-3 ,9 8 0
+2.72 +16.83 +19.40 +18.89
-4,2 5 3
+14,618
+19.20 +17.51
+18.98
+13,685 +18,871
+19.33
-3 .4 9
+ .8 0
+3.00
-3 .9 4
+1.98
+2.72
-3 .9 1
+1.82
1,131
747
2,771
1,824
22,631
6,617
14,565
17,253
37,196
23,870
24,271
7,694
15,696
18,000
39,967
25,694
9.40
1.63
1.11
14.71
3.42
1.10
14.67
3.18
1 N ot including field employees of the Post Office Department or 15,005 employees hired under letters of
authorization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $616,367.
* Revised.
3 Includes 304 employees b y transfer previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual additions
for December.
* N ot including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be
regarded as labor turn-over.
The most pronounced increase in employment in the executive
departments of the Federal Government during December occurred in
the Works Progress Administration. Small gains were shown,
however, by the Treasury Department, the Department of Agri
culture, the Navy Department, and the Resettlement Administration.
The largest decrease in the number of employees, on the other hand,
was reported by the War Department. There were also noticeable
losses in the Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Emergency
Relief Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Construction Projects Financed by the Public W orks Administration
A p p r o x i m a t e l y 232,000 employees were working at the site of
construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
in December.1 Compared with the previous month, this is a decrease
of 39,000 in the number of wage earners employed. Pay rolls for
the month totaled $16,360,000, or $3,152,000 less than in November.
Federal construction projects are financed by allotments made by
the Public Works Administration to the vaiious agencies and depart
ments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the
National Industrial Recovery Act. The major portion of the Federal
housing program now under way, however, is financed by funds
provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
1 Unless otherwise expressly stated, when December is referred to in this section, it may be accepted as
meaning the month ending December 15.
32
The work is performed either by commercial firms, which have been
awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal
agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the
Public Works Administration from funds available under either the
National Industrial Recovery Act or the Emergency Relief Appro
priation Act of 1935. Most of the allotments have been made to
the States and their political subdivisions, but occasionally allot
ments have been made to commercial firms. In financing projects
for the States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated
under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Ad
ministration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the
total construction cost. When funds provided under the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 are used to finance a non-Federal
project, as much as 45 percent of the total cost may be furnished in
the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more of the cost
is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify such action,
the Public Works Administration may provide the grantee with the
additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to commercial
enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by the Public
Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date
of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works Administra
tion to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public. In this
way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of the
activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Admin
istration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to build
ings, bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives
and passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads;
and third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in
commercial shops.
Information concerning the first type of railroad work, i. e., con
struction, is shown in table 10, page 33. Employment in car and
locomotive shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and
locomotive shops is shown in a separate table. (See table 12, p.
36.)
Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during December on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given, by type of project, in table 10.
33
Table 10.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from
Public-Works Funds, Month Ending Dec. 15, 1935
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T yp e of project
M axi
mum
num
ber 1 em
ployed
W eekly
average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Num ber of
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
during
per hour
m onth
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
All projects3........................................
2 124,097
116,938
$9,400,053
13,281,140
$0.708
$10,969,334
Building construction 3....... ..............
Forestry____ __________ _________
Naval vessels..................... ..................
Public roads 4-------------------- ------------
14,995
103
28, 584
(4)
12,553
94
28,152
43,864
995,891
3, 540
3,357, 248
1,797,500
1,213,530
6,483
4,042, 236
3,586,600
.821
.546
.831
.501
1,491,352
2,569
2,360,071
2,950,000
Reclam ation_______ ______________
River, harbor, and flood control----Streets and roads.................. ..............
Water and sewerage______ _________
Miscellaneous_________ ____________
15,087
17, 549
2,246
151
1, 518
13,786
14,969
1,987
105
1,428
1,488,473
1,497,305
108, 224
7,324
144, 548
2,070,462
1,935,566
212, 530
9,294
204,439
.719
.774
.509
.788
.707
1,963,108
1,904, 599
157, 679
7, 711
132,245
Non-Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A. funds
All projects............................. ............
96,920
80,194
$6, 282, 393
7,347,017
$0.855
$13,118,755
Building construction........................
Railroad con struction.......... ...........
Streets and roads.................................
Water and sewerage............................
M iscellaneous.....................................
46.521
2,555
9, 862
33, 001
4,981
38,224
2,051
7,888
28,128
3,903
3, 310, 343
87, 716
522, 287
2,048,421
313,626
3,495, 223
136, 786
725,120
2,541,436
448,452
.947
.641
.720
.806
.699
7,211,080
ol, 309
1,151,753
3,935,101
759, 512
Non-Federal projects -Financed from E. R . A . A ., 1935, funds4
All projects..........................................
7,377
5,936
$332,051
513,138
$0.647
$1,377, 930
Building construction............... .........
Electrification......................................
H eavy engineering............................ .
R eclam ation........................................
3,359
85
144
228
2,685
75
107
178
145, 098
4, 785
9, 532
10,303
216, 521
6,399
9, 365
16,359
.670
.748
1.018
.630
570, 398
15,851
20,130
27,263
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roa d s..- ............................
W ater and sewerage_______________
Miscellaneous. ............................... .
24
1,079
2,080
378
19
967
1,627
278
1,124
46,836
97,193
17,180
2,144
74,273
160,287
27, 790
.524
.631
.606
.618
8,953
78, 709
625,957
30,669
* Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
3 Includes a maximum of 1,826 and an average of 1,503 employees working on Federal housing projects
financed from E. R . A. A ., 1935, funds, who were paid $114,932 for 163,169 man-hours of labor. Material
orders in the amount of $14,835 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate
tables covering projects financed b y The W orks Program.
4 Estimated by the Bureau of Public Roads.
* N ot available; average number included in total.
« These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed b y The Works Program.
There were 26,774 fewer employees working on Federal projects in
December than in November. Losses in employment occurred in
five of the various types of projects. Employment on public-road
projects showed the most pronounced drop. Small increases in the
number of workers employed were reported for building construction,
forestry, naval-vessel, and reclamation projects. Average hourly
earnings for all projects were 71 cents.
34
Compared with November, employment on non-Federal projects
financed under the National Industrial Recovery Act decreased in
December. All types of projects had fewer employees in December
than in November. Of the total number of workers, more than
four-fifths were employed on building-construction and water and
sewerage projects. Average earnings per hour for all projects were
86 cents.
In comparison with the previous month, the number of employees
engaged on non-Federal projects financed under the Emergency Re
lief Appropriation Act of 1935, increased by 4,046 in December.
Employment gains were registered for every type of project except
street and road work. The greatest number of man-hours worked
during the month— 216,521— was accounted for by building-construction projects. Earnings per hour for all projects averaged 65 cents,
but the range was from $1.02 on heavy engineering projects to 52
cents on river, harbor, and flood-control work.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction
projects financed by public-works funds in December are shown in
table 11, by geographic divisions.
Decreases in employment occurred in December in all but one of
the geographic divisions for both Federal and non-Federal projects
financed under the National Industrial Recovery Act. Average
hourly earnings on Federal projects ranged from a high of 86 cents
in the Pacific States to a low of 44 cents in the West South Central
region. On non-Federal projects, average earnings per hour were
highest in the Middle Atlantic region and lowest in the East South
Central and West South Central regions.
On non-Federal projects financed under the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935, substantial employment gains were
registered in all geographic divisions. Of the total number of work
ers employed, more than two-fifths were located in the West North
Central and South Atlantic States. Average earnings per hour were
highest in the Middle Atlantic States and lowest in the South Atlantic
region.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during December
in railway-car and locomotive shops on projects financed by the
Public Works Administration fund are shown in table 12, by geo
graphic divisions.
35
Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from
Public-Works Funds, Month Ending Dec. 15, 1935
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Geographic division
M axi
mum
number
em
ployed 1
W eekly
average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Number of
man-hours
worked
during
m onth
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
All divisions 2............................ _.........
124,097
!9,400,053
13,281,140
$0.708
3 $10,969,334
New England 2_...................................
Middle Atlantic 2._ _ ............... ...........
East North C entral2.........................
West North Central......... .................
South Atlantic................... .................
8,348
19,721
12,301
11,949
22,198
8,027
18, 578
11,013
11,440
21, 242
812, 516
1,863, 368
796, 611
531,501
1, 797, 532
1,040,075
2, 280, 750
1,022, 274
1,036,446
2, 536,638
.781
.817
.779
.513
.709
382,785
1,185,018
774,490
363,455
1,560,622
East South Central............................
West South Central............. .............
M ountain..............................................
Pacific........ .........................................
Outside continental United States..
17,980
11, 241
9, 443
9,151
1,765
16,783
11,065
8,402
8, 717
1, 671
1, 235,028
352, 797
906, 701
989,527
114,472
1,958, 433
794,997
1,264,949
1,148,474
198,104
.631
.444
.717
.862
.578
1,601,987
124, 718
826, 644
1,084,823
114,794
116, S
Non-Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
All divisions.........................................
96,920
80,194
$6,282,393
7,347,017
$0.855
$13,118,755
N ew England......................................
M iddle Atlantic____________. ______
East North Central............... ...........
West North Central...........................
South Atlantic.....................................
6,089
23,577
16,904
13,376
7,453
4,974
19, 533
14,127
10,977
5,977
342,975
1,899,495
1,097,989
827,087
369,152
425,619
1,901,813
1,183,473
1,056,896
524,336
.806
.999
.928
.783
.704
809,267
4,672,976
2,127,987
1, 564,381
602,653
East South Central............................
West South Central...............1.........
M ountain..............................................
Pacific........................................ ..........
Outside continental United States—
3,776
9, 785
3,978
11, 586
396
2,963
8, 368
3,308
9, 642
325
157,740
457, 688
277,153
834, 739
18,375
252,080
730, 932
337,238
906, 677
27,953
.626
.626
.822
.921
.658
354,398
1,348,435
461,811
1,158,525
18,322
Non-Federal projects—Financed from E. R . A . A ., 1935, funds 4
All divisions..............
7,377
5,936
$332,051
513,138
$0.647
$1,377,930
New England...........
M iddle Atlantic.......
East North CentralWest N orth Central.
672
835
1,750
736
515
677
1,439
39,734
48, 248
38,595
74,271
73,342
46, 569
45,357
127,231
.542
1.036
.851
.584
88,952
368,944
187,463
217,698
South Atlantic..........
East South Central.
West South Central.
M ountain...................
Pacific.........................
1,440
517
375
673
225
1,181
419
304
492
173
53,394
15,399
15,606
34,356
12,448
102,758
28,912
24,597
47,115
17, 257
.520
.533
.634
.729
.721
287,318
56, 628
46,616
73, 371
50,940
* Maximum number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
2 Includes data for wage earners em ployed on Federal housing projects financed from E. R . A . A ., 1935,
funds. These data are also included in separate table covering projects financed b y The W orks Program.
* Includes $2,950,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public road projects which cannot be
charged to any specific geographic division.
4 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed b y T he W orks Program.
36
Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway-Car and Locomotive Shops
on Work Financed From Public Works Administration Funds, December
1935
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Geographic division
Maximum
Semi
number
m onthly
em p loyed 1 average
All divisions____________________
3,298
(2)
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ment
$345,818
Num ber of
man-hours Average
earnings
worked
per hour
during
month
495,836
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
$0.697
(2)
Railroad shops
All divisions.............................. .......
2,400
2,337
$202, 574
288, 575
$0.702
$41,296
N ew England...................................
M iddle Atlantic................ ..............
East North Central____ ________
East South Central_____________
451
595
334
1,020
451
582
304
1,000
54,868
29,533
16,623
101, 550
73,619
46, 222
23,657
145,077
.745
.639
.703
.700
22,054
14,158
1,556
3, 528
Commercial shops
_____
898
(2)
$143, 244
207, 261
$0. 691
(2)
M iddle Atlantic.............. ........
East North Central_____________
West North Central......................
South Atlantic______ ___________
East South Central........ ................
33
543
18
302
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3,677
103, 775
3, 529
32,140
123
5,472
141, 539
6,235
53, 725
290
.672
.733
.566
.598
.424
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
All divisions____
1 Maximum number employed during either semimonthly period b y each shop.
2 Data not available.
In comparison with November, there was a decrease of 182 in the
number of workers employed during December in railway-car and
locomotive shops on work financed from Public Works Administration
funds.
Monthly trend
E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked at the site of proj
ects financed from Public Works funds from the beginning of the
program in July 1933 to December 1935 are given in table 13.
It will be noted that fewer workers were employed on projects
financed from public-works funds in December than in any month
since October 1933, when the program was just getting under way.
Since the beginning of the public-works program, pay-roll disburse
ments have been more than $595,000,000 and the value of material
orders placed has been in excess of $1,102,000,000. Average earnings
per hour have been 62 cents and 956,000,000 man-hours of employ
ment have been provided at the construction site.
37
Table 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to December 1935, Inclusive,
on Projects Financed From Public-Works Funds
[Subject to revision]
Year and month
Maximum
number
of wage
earners 1
July 1933 to December 1935, inclusive2.
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Number of
man-hours
worked dur
ing month
$595,428, 596
956, 633,129
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of ma
terial orders
placed dur
ing month
$0.622 $1,102,825, 645
1933
J u ly........ ........................................ ..........
August............ ............. ............... ............
September................................ ...............
October...................... ................... ............
N ovem ber. ___________________________
December..................... ..........__..............
267
4,719
39,535
146,747
255, 512
300,758
26,433
131,937
1,784,996
6,353,835
11,552,547
13,091,587
35,217
206,990
3,296,162
12,029,751
21,759,245
24,391,546
.751
.637
.542
.528
.531
.537
(3)
3 202,100
1,628,537
4 23,351,150
24,568,577
25,702,750
1934
January.............. .......................................
February...... ............ ............ ...................
M arch...................... .................................
A pril...........................................................
M a y ............... ........................ .................
J u n e ...........................................................
298,069
311,381
307,274
382,220
506,056
610,752
12, 646,241
14,348,094
14,113, 247
18,785,405
25,942,387
33,808,429
23,409,908
26, 544,346
25, 501,446
32,937,649
46, 052, 698
59,873,309
.540
.541
.553
.570
.563
.565
24,206,352
25,269,537
« 69,766,559
8 68,526,223
»50,468,427
5 60,797,939
July.............................................................
August............ ............. ............................
September........... ....................................
October......... ............................................
N o v em b er..................................... ..........
December.......................................... .......
644,729
629,907
575,655
527,883
503,985
410, 236
34,845, 461
36,480,027
32,758,795
30,263, 279
30.664,356
23,655,422
60,736,768
61,925 300
53,427,096
47,910,342
49,004,023
36, 238,781
.574
.589
.613
.632
.625
.653
« 53,377,997
«5 4 ,192,443
8 50,878,000
8 51,756,945
55,044,382
8 45,766,286
1935
January.................................................... .
February....................................................
M arch........................................................
A p ril.............................................. ..........
M a y ............... ..........................................
J u n e ...........................................................
304,723
272,273
281,461
333, 045
394,875
414,306
18,462,677
16,896,475
17,400,798
20,939,741
24,490,087
25,386,962
27,478,022
25,144,558
26,008,063
31,387,712
36,763,164
38,800,178
.672
.672
.669
.667
.667
.654
8 30,746,857
29,264,484
27,276,566
31,645,166
8 36,893.840
« 42,017,642
J u ly ........................... ...............................
August.......... .............................................
September 2...............................................
October 2....................................................
November 2_.........................................
December 2................................................
405,332
394, 509
344,520
308, 632
271,111
231,692
24,968,785
25,292,656
22, 772,317
21,692,439
19, 512,866
16,360,315
37,845,047
37,133,989
32,478,773
30,358,351
26,317,564
21,637,131
.660
.681
.701
.715
.741
.756
41,936,424
46,954,714
8 40,988,896
6 35,042,853
« 29,046, 684
25,507,315
1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
2 Includes wage earners employed on projects under the jurisdiction of P. W . A. which are financed from
E. R. A. A., 1935, funds. These data are also included in tables covering projects financed b y The Works
Program.
3 Orders placed for materials during July and August 1933, with exception of public-road projects included
in October.
4 Includes orders placed for naval vessels prior to October 1933.
* Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment.
6 Revised.
T h e W orks Program
Between the middle of November and the middle of December,
employment was provided for 1,188,000 additional workers by the
construction program financed by the Emergency Relief Act of 1935.
In the aggregate, more than 2,561,000 workers were employed at
the site of construction projects of this class in December.1 This
includes more than 9,200 employees working on Public Works Ad
ministration projects financed from funds provided by the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Pay rolls for December amounted
to more than $102,000,000.
A detailed record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on projects financed by The Works Program in December is presented
in table 14, by type of project.
1 When December is referred to in this section, it may be accepted as meaning the month ending Dec. 15.
38
Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program, December 1935
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T yp e of project
Maximum W eekly
number
em ployed1 average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
A ver
Num ber of
age
man-hours earn
worked
ings
during
per
m onth
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects
All projects..................................................
217,027 200,177 $10,195,537 22,160,371 $0.460
$7,258,162
Building construction...............................
Electrification..............................................
Forestry.......... ............................................
Grade-crossing elimination........ .............
H eavy engineering.....................................
31,785
493
19,737
4,817
61
29,830
473
18,039
3,936
49
1,398,686
23,736
975,737
210,180
4,118
2,930,741
55,721
3,441,114
433,931
6,581
.477
.426
.284
.484
.626
704,015
13,486
519,905
460,209
2,023
H ydro-electric power plants.....................
Plant, crop, and livestock conservation.
Professional, technical, and clerical----Public roads................................................
Reclam ation................................................
1,065
23,220
14,963
26,160
37,726
961
21,081
14,963
20,706
37,622
21,752
879,190
829,648
1,056, 293
1,202,106
94,076
1,875,037
1,563,218
2,401,220
2, 749,014
.231
.469
.531
.440
.437
118,780
191,053
39,479
1,116,282
1,081,281
River, harbor, and flood control----------Streets and roads........................................
Water and sewerage...................................
Miscellaneous.............................................
40,858
7,530
981
7,631
37,024
7,247
957
7,289
2,811,450
368, 250
42, 752
371,659
4,850,020
831,660
103,848
824,190
.580
.443
.412
.451
2,543,240
157,456
15,940
295,013
P. W . A., projects financed from E. R . A. A ., 1935, funds *
All projects..................................................
9,203
7,439
$446, 783
Building construction..............................Electrification—........... ............................ .
H eavy engineering....................................
Reclam ation............................................. -
5,185
85
144
228
4,188
75
107
178
259,830
4,785
9,532
10,303
379,690
6,399
9,365
16,359
.684
.748
1.018
.630
585, 233
15,851
20,130
27,263
River, harbor, and flood control.........
Streets and roads........................................
Water and sewerage...................................
Miscellaneous..............................................
24
1,079
2,080
378
19
967
1,627
278
1,124
46,836
97,193
17,180
2,144
74,273
160,287
27,790
.524
.631
.606
.618
8,953
78, 709
625,957
30,669
676,307 $0,661
$1,392,765
Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
All p rojects-............................................... 3 * 2,335,610
$91,552,345 201,799,051 $0.454
Conservation__________________________
Highway, road, and street____________
Housing_____________ _________________
Professional, technical, and clerical____
Public building..................................... .
Publicly owned or operated utilities 6__
140,748
965,804
4,122
105,372
167,751
196,772
5,099,249
34,963,017
269,340
6,019,488
8,155,969
7,545,088
Recreational facilities 7_ .---------------------Rural electrification and electric utili
ties__________________________________
Sanitation and health. _______________
327,008
11,432,308
83,117,682
384,274
9,594,915
14,077,140
15,967,935
4$17,678,214
.446
.421
.701
.627
.579
.473
1,190,113
6,502,700
15,011
135,054
2,555,139
3,595,960
14,991,536 28,548,726
.525
2,016,883
127,662
3,043
240,826
3,052,044 8,392,425
87,956
226,082
6,347,801
18,663,172
Sewing,
canning, gardening,
etc..............
41,469
1,725,590 3, 502,457
Transportation________________________
94,984
3,255,601 7,877,191
N ot elsewhere classified............................
.530
.364
.340
.493
.413
118,169
141,364
338,920
412,813
656,088
i Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
* These data are also included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public
W orks Administration.
* This total differs from the sum of the individual items since 26,501 employees worked on more than one
type of project.
4 Represents number of workers on the pay roll during month ending Dec. 15. During week ending Dec.
31 there were nearly 2,775,000 workers employed on projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration .
4 Value of material orders placed during month ending Dec. 31, 1935.
* Exclusive of electric utilities.
i Exclusive of buildings.
39
On Federal projects alone jobs were provided for nearly 49,000
additional workers during the month interval. All types of Federal
projects with the exception of water and sewerage construction, heavy
engineering projects, and forestry work shared in the increase. The
most substantial gains were registered on public-road construction
and reclamation work. Earnings per hour for all Federal projects
averaged 46 cents.
An increase of approximately 1,133,000 workers in comparison with
November is indicated in the number of workers employed on projects
operated by the Works Progress Administration. Employment on
each type of project showed pronounced gains. The largest increases
in the number of workers employed occurred on highway, road, and
street construction; recreational facility projects; and sewing, canning,
and gardening work.
In December 9,200 workers were employed on Public Works
Administration projects financed from funds provided by the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Of the total, more
than half were employed on building-construction projects.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in December on
projects financed by The Works Program are shown in table 15, by
geographic divisions.
Gains in the number of workers employed occurred in all geo
graphic divisions on both Federal projects and projects operated
by the Works Progress Administration. On all projects financed
by The Works Program, the greatest number of workers (613,246)
were located in the Middle Atlantic States.
40
Table 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program, December 1935
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Geographic division
M axim um
W eekly
number
em ployed 1 average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
N um ber of
man-hours Average
earnings
worked
during
per hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed dur
ing m onth
Federal projects
All divisions 2_.................................
217,027
New England—............. .................
M iddle A tla n tic............................
East North C en tra l............... .......
W est North Central.......................
South Atlantic_______ ______ ___
12, 742
28,099
23,404
27,814
35, 610
East South Central................. .......
W est South Central_____________
M ountain.........................................
Pacific__________________________
Outside continental United States.
9,618
17, 096
24, 683
24, 792
13,064
200,177 $10,195,537
22,160,371
$0.460
$7, 258,162
11, 689
26,892
20,842
2.3,430
33,342
804,813
1, 762,092
1,208,969
1, 237,577
1,303,625
1, 563,879
3,028,818
2,434,750
2,589,173
3, 750,009
.515
.582
.497
.478
.348
423, 542
571, 766
836,167
1,012,464
805,998
8,646
1.5, 573
22,902
23,053
11, 703
316,076
484,308
1,478,963
1,383,302
213,258
878,274
1, 548, 590
2,794,185
2, 994,875
570,935
.360
.313
.529
.462
.374
219, 628
203,108
549,437
1, 670,528
195,436
P. W . A. projects financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds 3
All divisions..............
9,203
7,439
$446, 783
676,307
$0. 661
$1,392,765
New England—........
M iddle Atlantic____
East N orth Central.
W est North Central.
South Atlantic_____
985
2,178
1,060
1, 750
1,440
816
1, 766
849
1,439
1,181
50, 539
140, 604
50,166
74, 271
53, 394
182,591
58, 960
127, 231
102, 758
.582
.770
.851
.584
.520
93, 609
368,944
197, 641
217, 698
287, 318
East South Central.
W est South Central.
M ou n ta in .................
P acific. ......................
517
375
673
225
419
304
492
173
15, 399
15, 606
34, 356
12,448
28,912
24, 597
47,115
17, 257
.533
.634
.729
.721
56, 628
46, 616
73, 371
50, 940
Projects operated b y the W orks Progress Administration
All divisions..............
* 2,335, 610
N ew England............
M iddle Atlantic____
East N orth Central.
West North Central.
South A tla n tic.........
137, 649
582,969
552,578
251, 653
223,449
$91, 552, 345 201,799,051
5,063,979
33, 707,870
22,568, 390
7, 736,932
5,467, 226
9, 745,106
54, 674, 739
46, 509,163
19, 558,812
20,987,028
.520
.617
.485
.396
.261
East South CentralWest South Central.
M ou ntain..................
Pacific.........................
157,209
170,914
96,972
162,217
3, 533,248
4,192,679
3,473, 750
5,808, 271
14,859,839
15,932, 567
8,173,916
11,357, 881
.238
.263
.425
.511
$0.454 s$17, 678,214
* Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes data for 105 wage earners and material orders placed valued at $770,088, for which a distribution
b y geographic division is not available.
3 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public
W orks Administration.
4 Represents number of workers on the pay roll during m onth ending Dec. 15. During week ending
Dec. 31, there were nearly 2,775,000 workers em ployed on projects operated b y W orks Progress A dm inis
tration.
a Value of material orders placed during month ending Dec. 31,1935, for which a distribution b y geographic
division is not available.
41
Monthly trend
The monthly trend of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on projects financed by The Works Program from the begin
ning of the program in July 1935 to December 1935 are given in
table 16.
Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July to December 1935, Inclusive, on
Projects Financed by The Works Program
[Subject to revision]
M axi
mum
number
em ploy
ed 1
M on th and year
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Num ber of
of manhours
worked
during
m onth
A ver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects
July to December 1935, inclusive_____________
July_________________________________________
August______________________________________
September___________________________________
October______________________________________
N ovem ber___________________________________
December___________________________________
5,131
32, 672
76, 524
129,064
168, 234
217,027
$30,077,743
65,911,609
$0.456
$32,116,942
276,839
1, 215,990
3, 754, 773
6, 243,023
8, 391, 581
10,195,537
603,318
2, 791,802
7,815, 795
13, 669, 524
18,870, 799
22,160, 371
.456
.436
.480
.457
.445
.460
164,004
1,684, 347
4,071,945
9, 723,568
9, 214,916
7,258,162
P. W . A . projects financed from E. R . A . A ., 1935, funds3
September to December 1935, inclusive_______
September__________________________ - _______
October____________ _________________________
Novem ber___________________________________
December___________________________________
317
1,184
3,422
9,203
$661, 283
996,091
$0. 664
$2,025, 494
10, 575
54, 380
149, 545
446, 783
17,493
78,928
223, 363
676, 307
.605
.689
.670
.661
28, 573
159, 568
444, 588
1,392, 765
Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
August to December 1935, inclusive_________
73,153
A u gu st3_____________________________________
258,830
September 3__________________________________
516,581
October 3____________________________________
N ovem ber 3__________________________________ 1, 202,471
December____________________________________ 2, 335,610
$170,911, 331
367, 589,04
$0. 465
$46,042, 303
1,199,936
2,581,988
10,303,491 17, 790,436
23, 357,955 50, 739, 568
44,497, 604 94,677,998
91, 552,345 201,799,051
.465
.579
.460
.470
.454
3, 202,136
2,089,324
8, 236, 283
14,836,346
17,678, 214
1 M aximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 These data are also included in separare tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public
Works Administration.
* Revised.
Since the beginning of the program, pay-roll disbursements have
amounted to over $200,000,000 and the value of material orders
placed has exceeded $80,000,000. More than 434,000,000 manhours of employment have been provided at the site of construction.
Emcrgcncy W ork Program
With increased employment opportunities, both in industry and
the construction program of the Works Progress Administration,
the emergency-work program is dechning in importance. For the
week ended December 26, the emergency-work program provided em
42
ployment for only 16,639 workers, a decrease of 83.4 percent in com
parison with the corresponding week in November. Pay rolls de
creased 80.2 percent, dropping from more than $1,210,000 for the
week ending November 28 to less than $239,753 for the week ending
December 26. (See table 17.)
Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work
Program, Weeks ending Nov. 28 and Dec. 26, 1935
[Subject to revision]
N um ber of employees,
week ending—
Am ount of pay roll, week
ending—
Geographic division
Dec. 26
N ov. 28
Dec. 26
N ov. 28
All divisions— .......................................................
16, 639
100,388
$239, 753
$1, 211,423
N ew England...........................................................
M iddle Atlantic............... .......... .............................
East N orth Central.................................................
W est N orth Central.......................................... .
South A tlantic..........................................................
8,428
1,102
1,022
255
2, 704
45,960
26,188
7,116
1,694
6,802
122, 784
19, 227
16,086
7,821
32,224
574,835
325,052
80, 754
23, 517
67,055
1,235
East South Central.................................................
666
100
4, 388
9, 507
W est South Central................................................
1,093
2, 525
M ountain_________________ __________________
439
7, 586
Pacific________________________________________
5, 049
23, 283
1,496
4,93830, 634
32, 458
72,180
Decreases in the number of workers employed occurred in all
geographic divisions. The New England States with 8,428 fewer
employees for the week ending December 26, had the most marked
decline.
The monthly record of the number employed and pay-roll dis
bursements of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration from
the beginning of the program through December 1935 is given in
table 18.
Table 18.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work
Program, April 1934 to December 1935
Number of
employees
A m ount of
pay roll
A pril................
M a y .................
June................
1,089, 762
i 1,361, 537
i 1, 504, 571
$38,416,747
i 43, 680, 775
i 42,423, 990
Ju ly .................
August........... .
September___
October--------N ovem ber___
Decem ber___
i 1, 725, 266
1,924,066
1,950,108
1,996, 822
2,159,038
i 2, 299, 349
i 47, 352, 855
54, 914, 792
50, 288,868
53,901, 325
62,833,046
i 61,925, 339
1935
January...........
i 2,443, 673
i 70,806, 598
M onth
M onth
N um ber of
employees
A m ount of
pay roll
1935— Continued
February......................
M arch..........................
A p ril............................. .
M a y ........... .................. .
June..............................
i 2,432, 772
1 2,368,993
i 2, 275,872
i 2,196, 421
2,021,060
i $62,795,267
1 61,825, 268
i 61,321,053
i 63, 530,180
54,382,876
July............................... .
August...........................
September.....................
October........................ .
N ovem ber.....................
December......................
1,928,772
i 1,411,462
1 889, 231
i 644,972
346,470
68, 558
53,136,833
i 38,989,150
i 21,184, 250
17, 791,923
8, 258, 626
1,844,813
* Revised.
The decline in employment and pay rolls on the emergency-work
program continued in December. According to preliminary figures,
43
the estimated employment for the month was 68,000. This does not
mean, however, that during any given week, this total was reached.
Because of the fact that a limit is placed on the earnings of employees,
not more than 70 percent of this number are working at any one time.
Emcrgcncy Conservation W ork
T h e r e were 506,605 workers engaged in emergency conservation
work in December. Compared with the previous month, this repre
sents a loss of 37,353 in the number of workers employed. (See table
19.) All classes of workers shared in the decrease.
Table 19.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work,
November and December 1935
Num ber of employees
Am ount of pay rolls
Group
December
November
December
November
All groups......................................................... .........
506,605
543,958
$21,905,516
$23,957, 751
Enrolled p erson n el................................................
Reserve officers........... ............................ ................
Educational advisers 1...... .............. .......................
Supervisory and technical2...................................
453,152
9, 264
2,198
* 41,991
480,140
9, 607
2, 227
4 51,984
14,151,942
1,940,881
376,828
8 5,435,865
14,994,771
2,013,114
381, 297
4 6,568,569
* Included in executive service table.
2 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers.
8 38,854 employees and pay roll of $5,173,647 included in executive service table.
4 44,394 employees and pay roll of $6,037,214 included in executive service table.
The employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation
workers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War
Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of
Commerce, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the
Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed
as follows: 5 percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remaining
87 percent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are
provided with board, clothing, and medical services.
Construction Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation
T h e r e were 7,786 wage earners employed at the site of construc
tion projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
during December. Compared with the previous month, this is a
decrease of 20.5 percent. Pay-roll disbursements of $869,000 were
$132,000 less than in November.
Statistics concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation during December are given in table 20, by type of
project.
44
Table 20.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation by Type of Project, December 1935
[Subject to revision]
T yp e of project
Number of M onthly
wage
pay-roll dis
earners
bursements
Num ber of
man-hours
worked dur
ing month
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
A ll projects______________________________
7,786
$869,459
1,160,845
$0. 749
$1,383, 293
B r id g e s _________________________________
B uilding construction____________________
Reclamation_____________________________
Water and sewerage_____________________
Miscellaneous____________________________
1,933
78
61
4,605
1, 111
206, 603
8, 628
4, 485
542,987
106, 756
210,871
10, 388
7, 758
769,356
162, 472
.980
.831
.578
.706
.657
236,070
13,671
401
1,111,468
21, 683
A sharp drop in the number of workers employed on water and
sewerage projects was largely responsible for the decline in employ
ment in December. Losses in employment also occurred on reclama
tion projects. On the other hand, building construction, bridge con
struction, and miscellaneous projects registered slight gains over
November.
The number of employees, the amounts of pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation in December are shown in table 21, by geographic
divisions.
Table 21.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation by Geographic Divisions, December 1935
[Subject to revision]
Geographic division
Number
of wage
earners
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Number
of manhours
worked
during
month
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
A ll divisions_____________________________
7,786
$869,459
1,160,845
$0.749
$1,383,293'
East North Central_________________ ____
W est North Central_____________________
W est South C entral.____________________
M ountain________________________________
P a c ific __________________________________
230
19
147
61
7,329
19, 599
2,412
15,924
4,485
827,039
17,536
3,716
18, 538
7,758
1,113,297
1.118
.649
.859
.578
.743
26,940
O
0
401
1,355,952:
All geographic divisions except the West North Central States
showed losses in employment in December. Of the total number of
workers employed, more than 94 percent were located in the Pacific
States. Average earnings per hour were highest in the East North
Central region and lowest in the Mountain States.
45
Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental
Appropriations
E m p l o y m e n t on projects financed from regular governmental
appropriations declined during December. Compared with the pre
vious month, the decrease in employment was 11.2 percent. Pay-roll
disbursements during the month amounted to $3,708,000, a decrease
of 9.1 percent compared with November.
Whenever a construction contract is awarded, or force-account
work is started, by a department or agency of the Federal Govern
ment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on forms
supplied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor,
the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be performed.
Blanks are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Govern
ment agency doing the work. These reports are returned to the
Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts dis
bursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project, and
the value of the different types of materials for which orders were
placed during the month.
The following tables present data concerning construction projects
on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not
have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to
that date.
Detailed statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked in December on construction projects financed by regular
governmental appropriations are given in table 22, by type of project.
Table 22.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Gov
ernmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, December 1935
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of wage
earmers
T yp e of project
M axim um
number em W eekly
average
ployed 1
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Number
of manhours
worked
during
month
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
A ll projects...........................................
2 56, 780
53,415
$3,707,963
5,980,118
$0.620
$6,155,840
Building construction......................
Electrification.................. ...................
Naval vessels........................................
Public roads 3.......................................
Reclamation........ ..................... ..........
7,105
15
9,815
W
422
5,735
9
9,600
24,934
343
433,626
841
1, 099,972
1,334, 547
39,736
576,073
834
1,321,991
2,313,987
52,497
.753
1.008
.832
.577
.757
940,972
940
2,320,685
2,190,216
11,722
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads............................... .
W ater and sewerage...........................
Miscellaneous................................... .
10, 712
2,839
10
928
9,439
2,513
9
833
637,874
102,441
372
58, 554
1,365,469
261,272
570
87,425
.467
.392
.653
.670
578,009
75,646
231
37,419
1 Maxim um number em ployed any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency
doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
a Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
< N ot available; average number included in total.
46
Losses in employment occurred during the month on six of the
various types of projects. Public roads with 5,152 fewer workers
in December than in November had the most pronounced drop.
Small increases in employment were registered on building-construction and water and sewerage projects. Average hourly earnings
ranged from 39 cents on street and road projects to $1.01 on electri
fication work.
Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during
December on construction projects financed from regular govern
mental appropriations are presented in table 23, by geographic
divisions.
Table 23.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Geographic Divisions, December 1935
LSubject to revision]
N um ber o f wage
earniers
Geographic division
Maxim um W eekly
number
employed 1 average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Num ber of
Value of
material
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
orders
during
per hour placed dur
month
ing m onth
A ll divisions.......................................
56,780
53,415
$3, 707,963
5,980,118
$0.620
2 $6,155,840
N ew England.....................................
M iddle Atlantic.................................
East N orth Central..........................
W est N orth Central.........................
South A tlantic...................................
6,179
7,714
5,150
5,301
6,801
5,988
7,299
4,873
4, 962
6,308
563,419
683,179
252,422
234,385
420,391
749,573
882,036
390,632
460,849
696,204
.752
.775
.646
.509
.604
928,976
810,093
133,034
136,000
710,373
East South Central..........................
West South Central..........................
M ountain...........................................
Pacific_________ ___________ ______
Outside continental United States.
4,719
10,047
6,279
4,112
478
4,517
8,861
6,193
3,983
431
221,919
426,882
474, 229
400,307
30,830
556,704
944,098
707, 547
532,889
59, 586
.399
.452
.670
.751
.517
148,794
529,651
56,773
487,323
24,607
* Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public roads.
2 Includes $2,190,216 estimated value of orders placed for public-road projects which cannot be charged
to any specific geographic division.
Decreases in the number of workers employed during December
were shown in all but two of the geographic divisions. The most
marked decline in employment occurred in the West North Central
States. The West South Central States, on the other hand, regis
tered the most pronounced gain for the month. Average earnings
per hour were highest in the Middle Atlantic States.
Material Orders Placed
the beginning of the Public Works Administration program,
orders have been placed for materials valued at approximately
$1,103,000,000. (See table 24.) Of this amount, $275,000,000 has
been expended for iron and steel products, $140,000,000 for cement,
$58,000,000 for forest products, and $208,000,000 for machinery.
On The Works Program, which began in July 1935, material orders
placed have been in excess of $77,000,000. Previous sections of this
report have shown the number of workers employed at the site of
construction projects financed from Federal funds. The direct
S in c e
47
employment, however, is only a partial picture, as the manufacture
of the materials used on the projects also creates a large amount of
employment.
It is estimated that in fabricating the materials listed in table 24,
approximately 4,200,000 man-months of labor have been or will be
created. This includes only the labor required in the fabrication of
material in the form in which it is to be used. No estimate is made
of the labor required in producing the raw material or in transporting
it to the point of manufacture. In manufacturing structural steel,
for example, the only labor included is that occurring in the fab
ricating mills. No estimate is made for the labor created in mining,
smelting, and transporting the ore; nor for the labor in the blast
furnaces, the open-hearth furnaces, and the blooming mills.
Table 34.— Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed
by Federal Funds from the Beginning of the Programs to Dec. 15, 1935
Projects
T yp e of material
A ll materials............................
Textiles and their p roducts..
Total
Public
Works
Adminis
tration i
Recon
struction
Finance
Corpor
ation 2
$1,285,395,964 $1,102,825,645 $48,021,!
1, 579,848
1,375,692
The W orks Program1
Regular
govern
mental 3
Federal
construc
tion
$56,707,688 $31,798,434 $46,042,303
106,911
33,435
63,810
1,
2,481
6,375
Awnings, tents, canvas, e t c ..
Carpets and rugs......................
Cordage and twine..................
Cotton goods.............................
Pelt goods______________ ___
237,824
59,164
345,841
249,257
179, 737
227,
59,
281,
153,
174,
Jute goods__________________
Linoleum ___________ _______
Sacks and bags______________
Upholstering materials, n. e. c.
W aste.........................................
68, 570
250,012
30,828
130, 968
27, 647
224,
30,
130,
Forest products............................
7 70,327,091
Cork products...........................
C reosote....................................
Lum ber and timber products
n. e. c___........... ....................
Planing-mill p rod u cts............
W indow and door screens and
weatherstrip..........................
190, 353
540,599
178,
540,
2, 508
6,
3,001
14
56,495,873
7, 778,906
49,994,
7,139,
, 662,402
5, 500
1,952,
385,
2,885,965
248,1
110, 245
109, 535
Chemicals and allied products..
12, 631, 698
9,395,803
Am m unition and related
products__________________
Chemicals, miscellaneous.......
Compressed and liquefied
gases.......................................
Explosives_________ _________
Paints and varnishes...............
1,081,386
363,166
347, 579
432, 549
6, 557, 658
4,196,939
317,437
4,809,:
2,840, 607
Stone, clay, and glass products..
7370,243, 351
323,168,143
Asbestos products, n. e. c.......
Brick, hollow tile, and other
clay products.........................
C em ent....................................
Concrete products....................
Crushed stone...........................
78, 202
77,406
22,094, 249
161,251,096
29,108, 463
47,570,698
17,724,872
140,170,153
24,143, 629
41, 927, 251
See footnotes at end of table.
7,788
93,390
4,447
(6)
38,032
1,010
787
46
15,134
647
487
1, 292
10,
2, 345,120
57,962,957
Operated
by
W . P. A.®
3,137,4
>5,211,115
441
1, 502, 215
480,003
478,356
775,321
392
9,954
82,483
1,381,487
38, 245
6,062
168,!
299,328
26,567
198,005
243, 438
775,321
6,375,076 12,037,920 10,273,403
371,320
3,354, 542
1,889,102
44, T "
516
280
693,160
5, 004,002
486, 661
1,782,213
235,871
7,317,171
360, 226
561, 765
3,069,026
5,405,228
2,228,845
3,254,601
48
Table 24.—Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed
by Federal Funds from the Beginning of the Programs to Dec. 15, 1935— Con.
Projects
T yp e of material
Stone, clay, and glass prod
ucts—Continued.
Glass...........................................
L im e...........................................
M arble, granite, slate, and
other stone products______
Minerals and earths, ground
or otherwise treated.............
Sand and gravel........................
Tiling, floor and wall, and
terrazzo...................................
W all plaster, wall board, in
sulating board, and floor
composition............................
Total
Hardware, miscellaneous........
Heating
and
ventilating
equipm ent..............................
N ails and spikes.......................
Rail fastenings, excluding
spikes.....................................
Rails, steel.................................
Springs, steel.............................
Steel-works and rolling-mill
products, n .e. c ................. .
Stoves and ranges, other than
electric-...................................
Structural and reinforcing
steel.........................................
Switches, railway.....................
Tools, other than machine
tools.........................................
Wire products, n .e. c ..............
W rought pipe............................
Recon
struction
Finance
Corpor
ation 2
T he W orks Program 4
Regular
govern
mental *
Federal
construc
tion
$1,394,718
220,842
$1,287,189
204,095
$3,157
8,884
$74,!
4,176
$29,442
3,687
20,800,129
19, 247,120
141,799
813,634
597,576
128, 732
78,870,
119, 753
71,362,747
551,005
6, 726
2,876,110
2,253
899, 505
3,234,204
2,963,197
102,151
160,197
4, 241,542
3,940, 731
193, 641
105,430
Iron and steel and their prod
ucts, not including ma
chinery.................................... 7 334,223,473
Bolts, nuts, washers, etc.........
Cast iron pipe and fittings.. .
Doors, shutters, and window
sash and frames, molding
and trim (m etal)....................
Firearms.....................................
Forgings, iron and steel..........
Public
W orks
Adm inis
tration i
3, 608,440
27, 489, r ~
8,061,964
813,468
6,807, 767
8,446,343
1,740
274,860, 739 27, 528,223 17, 036, 325
3, 342, 756
23, 341,463
7,340,
813,
5, 685,
6,820,899
16,206, 894
1,254,829
14,904,
1,131,
5,850, 223
20,326,985
5,846,
20, 238,
612,185
612,
96,821,948
70, 765,
12,409
495,084
150,194
252, 349
Operated
by
W . P . A .8
3,180,936
5, 520,104 8 9,278,082
103, 081
303, 323
15,!
634,442
71,037
” 12,‘ 847
"922,‘ 797
186,128
905,192
392, 784
327,468
81,762
531
658, 309
43,101
266, 937
79, 222
775
13,601
3, 343
24,408
4,840,018
1,011,059
3,097,469
295,815
51
20,205,:
374,709
372,
300
1,634
114, 627,462
724,827
98, 291,
721,
3,797,799
8,412,553
1,659,653
2,939
2,466,062
8,299,971
9,118, 517
3, 206,893
5,408,
6,274,
2,948,
96,470
1,854,657
215,657
456, 230
43, 215
731,461
533, 239
215,121
1,848,376
9,089,296
5,964,713
2,172,290
706,639
245,654
360,208
3, 031, 564
355,215
313, 218
750,285
282, 414
2,089,262
1,490
46,912
177,
70, 805
78
14,584
506
1,650,937
3,631,878
59,494
1,422.539
3,136, 765
59,492
81, 538
222, 023
189, 466
6,375
224,109
M achinery,
not
including
transportation equipm ent-_ 7236,835,358
208,421, 935
Nonferrous metals and their
products__________________
Alum inum manufactures........
Copper products.......................
Lead products...........................
Nonferrous-metal alloys and
products, n. e. c .....................
Sheet-metal w ork___________
Zinc products............................
Electrical machinery, appa
ratus, and supplies........... .
Elevators and elevator equip
m ent_____________ ____ ____
Engines, turbines, tractors,
and water wheels...... .......... .
F oundry and machine-shop
products, n. e. c....................
M achine tools......... ..................
See footnotes at end of table.
5,433, 780 16,309, 781
2
5,271, 6
56,952,078
51,347,456
1,415,441
2,779,047
766,831
2,239,773
1,932,203
4,546
274,241
28,783
24,789,632
18,164,961
128,315,302
6,660,768
114,269,297
6,400,223
3,968,956
1,T '
(6)
5,635,480
989,191
6,214, 655
190, 630
3,239,156
67, 947
643,303
623,238
49
Table 24.—Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed
by Federal Funds from the Beginning of the Programs to Dec. 15, 1935—
Continued
Projects
T yp e of material
Machinery,
not
including
trrnsportation
e q u ip ment—Continued.
Meters (gas, water, etc.) and
gas generators_____________
Pumps and pum ping equip
ment______________________
Refrigerators and refrigerat
ing and ice-making appa
ratus........................................
Total
Public
Works
Adminis
tration i
$723,512
$722,157
15,839,915
14,469,093
1,182,746
1,116, 545
87, 624, 709
5, 764, 705
5,086,400
;6, 723,328
5, 764, 705
5,086,400
Recon
struction
Finance
Corpor
ation *
$42,869
T he Works Program *
Regular
govern
mental 3
Federal
construc
tion
$260
$1,095
1,149,420
178,533
66, 048
153
63, 777
672,713
4,742
3,160
16, 209
31
Operated
by
W . P. A .5
Transportation
e q u ip m e n tair, land, and water.............
Aircraft (new )_______________
Airplane parts______________
Boats, steel and wooden
(small)-------------------- ------Carriages and wagons_______
Locomotives, other than
steam............... ........... ..........
1,397,311
34,539
1,376,360
31,348
11,818,333
11,818,333
Locomotives, steam_________
M otorcycles and parts______
M otor vehicles, passenger___
M otor vehicles, trucks.......... .
R ailway cars, freight________
6,851,576
274,395
538, 988
9, 889, 253
36,646,466
6,837,076
274,395
520,085
9,045,417
36,646,466
R ailway cars, mail and ex
press______________________
Railway cars, passenger_____
429,443
8,893,300
429,443
8,893,300
162,841,140
34,903
2,190,379
11,827,842
134, 952,335
34,111
1, 723,061
10,479,645
and office fixtures__________
4,805,670
4,397,418
23,465
62,845
Instruments, professional and
scientific...............................
1,937,348
1,874,472
35,253
27,
76,883
25,508
80,536
76,116
25,015
77,592
........... 264
582
493
2, 680
24,340,908
40,157,301
17,283,092
34, 660,694
38,001
686,901
709,137
2, 671, 043
298,885
1,187,424
6,011,793
951,239
221,948
14,001,877
192,837
12, 517,742
249,517
4,707
521,298
24,404
382,070
331,250
Miscellaneous..
Belting, miscellaneous____
Coal_____________________
Electric wiring and fixtures-_
Furniture, including store
Mattresses and bed springs..
M odels and patterns________
Paper products-------------------Paving materials and mix
tures, n. e. c ---------------------Petroleum products_________
Photographic apparatus and
materials____ _____________
Plumbing supplies, n. e. c___
Radio apparatus and sup
plies______________________
Roofing materials, n. e. c ____
R ubber goods........................ .
Steam and other packing,
pipe and boiler covering,
and gaskets_____ _________
Theatrical scenery and stage
equipment________________
W indow shades and fixtures..
Other materials_______ _____
145,746
$19,145
14,500
145, 746
3, 087,243
52,901
28,906
1,419
54,456
7, 694, 688
610
297,745
894,497
185
17,484
624,
19,145
6,135, 216 10,971,658
182
116, 672
424,794
982,497
4, 592,856
685,245
553,472
4,934
78,539
256,098
7,249
46,429
247,144
45,985
1,247,753
1,120,808
67, 503
41, 837
17, 605
59, 787
198,526
55,373,373
59, 787
191,946
44,663, 779
1,878,261
2,231,300
6,580
3,242,819
320,162
3,357,214
1 Includes value of material orders placed on P. W . A. projects financed from the Emergency Relief
Appropriation A ct of 1935.
2 Value of material orders placed on projects financed from R . F . C. loans from M ar. 15, 1934, to Dec.
15, 1935.
3 Value of material orders placed on projects financed from R . G. A . from July 1, 1934, to Dec. 15, 1935.
4 Value of material orders placed on P. W . A. projects financed from E . R . A . A ., 1935, included under
P. W . A.
6 Value of material orders placed from beginning of program to D ec. 31, 1935.
6 Included in “ Other materials.”
i Includes materials for projects operated b y the W . P. A . which are not classified in detail.
8 Includes materials in this group which are not classified in detail.
50
The information concerning man-months of labor created in fabri
cating materials is obtained by sending a questionnaire to each firm
receiving an award for materials to be financed from Federal or State
funds. The manufacturer is requested to make an estimate of the
number of man-hours created in his plant in manufacturing the
materials specified in the contract. For materials purchased directly
by contractors, the Bureau estimates the man-months of labor created.
This estimate is based upon the findings of the Census of Manufac
tures for 1933.
The value of material orders placed for use on Federal professional,
technical, and clerical projects financed by The Works Program, by
type of material, from the beginning of the program to December 15,
1935, is shown below. These figures are subject to revision.
Value of material
orders placed
C o m p u tin g m ach in es_________________________________________
$23, 4 13
F u rn itu re_______________________________________________________
119, 6 97
Office supplies_________________________________________________
62, 476
Station ery______________________________________________________
39, 9 77
T yp ew riters____________________________________________________
28, 7 22
Other office m achines_________________________________________
7, 7 89
Other m aterials________________________________________________
16, 103
R en tal of m achinery and equ ip m en t______________________
20, 331
T o t a l____________________________________________________
318, 508
Furniture, office supplies, and stationery have accounted for more
than two-thirds of the total expenditures for materials on professional,
technical, and clerical projects.
A summary of the man-months of employment created in fabricating
the materials used on the various programs is shown in table 25.
Table 25.— Number of Man-Months of Labor Created in Fabrication of
Materials Purchased from Federal Funds
Program
From be
From be
ginning of ginning of
program to program to
Dec. 15,
N ov. 15,
1935
1935
M on th
ending
Dec. 15f
1935
T otal______________________________________________________________
4,199,347
3,999,028
200,319
Public W orks Administration, including E .R .A .A .............................
Reconstruction Finance Corporation.................. ...................................
Regular governmental_____________________________________________
T he W orks Program:
Federal construction__________________________________________
Professional, technical, and cle rica l............................................ .
Operated b y W orks Progress Administration.............................
3,607, 208
1 146,051
2 178,392
3, 522, 220
1 142,121
2 159,193
84,988
3,930
19,199
100,888
1,247
165,561
76,933
1,094
97,467
23,955
153
68,094
1 For period beginning Mar. 15, 1934.
* For period beginning July 1, 1934.
51
State^Road Projects
E m p l o y m e n t and pay-roll disbursements in the construction and
maintenance of State roads declined during December. Compared
with November, the number of workers employed on new road
construction decreased 16.8 percent, and a decrease of 12.5 percent
is shown in the number engaged in maintenance work. Of the 148,736
workers engaged on these projects in December, 18.2 percent were
employed in the construction of new roads and 81.8 percent in mainte
nance work.
Statistics concerning employment and pay rolls in building and
maintaining State roads in November and December are presented
in table 26, by geographic divisions.
Table 26.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads by
Geographic Divisions, November and December 1935 1
N ew roads
Geographic division
Num ber of
employees
Maintenance
Am ount of pay roll
Num ber of
employees
Am ount of pay roll
Decem N ovem
Decem N ovem
December Novem ber
December
ber
ber
ber
ber
A ll divisions....................... 27,046
N ovem
ber
32,487 $1,053,209 $1,379,386 121,690 139,138 $5,180,169 $5,776, 639
N ew England....................
M iddle A tlantic................
East North Central.........
W est North Central........
£Jouth Atlantic..................
9,356
1,037
1,516
2,391
6,819
11,618
1,282
2,899
2,086
7,347
394,154
64,629
72,454
74,404
126,519
540,115
81,005
158,062
55,914
138,754
7,971
29,474
19,338
10,069
23,436
8,665
32,740
20,044
16,399
27,487
431,991
1,061,936
813,177
504,693
737,847
558,145
1,175,611
853, 741
608,176
871,857
East South Central..........
W est South Central_____
M ountain_______________
Pacific.................................
•Outside c o n tin e n ta l
United States_________
2, 216
1,200
966
1,545
1,947
2,389
853
2,066
82,292
45,444
61,134
132,179
92,798
92,102
51,198
169,438
9,108
12,452
5,143
4,556
10,073
13,101
5,423
5,040
335,371
559,867
320,936
404,474
335,058
590, 082
331.863
441,469
143
166
9,877
10, 637
i Excluding em ploym ent furnished b y projects financed from public-works funds.
In new road construction, losses in employment occurred in all
geographic divisions except the West North Central, the East South
Central, and the Mountain States. The New England States, with
2,262 fewer workers employed in December than in November, had
the greatest decrease of any of the geographic areas.
During December there was a decrease of 17,448 in the number of
employees engaged in maintenance work. The loss in employment
was shared by all geographic areas. The West North Central
States, with a decrease of 6,330 in the number of workers employed,
had the most pronounced decline. Employment in the Middle
Atlantic States (29,474) was the highest of any of the geographic
divisions.
O
@FedFRASER