Full text of Employment and Payrolls : April 1939

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Serial Ao. R. 947
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
»#####++##»#####+#»##+###+##»#++++##+###*+#* (•

EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief

APRIL 1939
»+###»»»###########*+######+##+#######+»»*#+#+#+####+##+++++###+#####«
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1939




CONTENTS
Summary of employment reports for April 1939:
Total nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for April 1939:
Industrial and business employment
Public employment

.-

1
1
5
7
22

Tables
SUMMARY

TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing
industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
April 1939
TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, April 1939

4
6

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 3.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, April 1939
TABLE 4.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, February through
April 1939
TABLE 5.—Manufacturing and nomanufacturing industries—indexes
of employment and pay rolls, April 1938 through April
1939
TABLE 6.—Geographic divisions and States—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in March and
April 1939
TABLE 7.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in March and
April 1939
.

8
12
18
19
21

PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 8.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls in March and April 1939
TABLE 9.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
April 1939, by type of project
TABLE 10.—Housing projects of the U. S. Housing Authority—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, April 1939, by
geographic divisions
TABLE 11.—Projects financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked, April 1939, by type of project(in)




22
23
26
27

IV
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT—Continued
Page

TABLE 12.—Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked for first quarter of 1939, by type of project
TABLE 13.—National Youth Administration work projects and Student
Aid financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked from the beginning of the
program
TABLE 14.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
March and April 1939
TABLE 15.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, April 1939, by type of project
TABLE 16.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
April 1939, by type of project
TABLE 17.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, April 1939, March 1939, and
April 1 9 3 8 - .




28

28
29
29
30
31

Employment and Pay Rolls

SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR APRIL 1939
Total Nonagricultural Employment
THE decline of approximately 280,000 workers in bituminous-coal
mining between mid-March and mid-April, as indicated by reports
supplied to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than
offset the estimated increase of over 200,000 workers in other fields
of nonagricultural employment and resulted in a net loss of 76,000
workers over the month interval. With the exception of bituminouscoal mining (there was a suspension of operations in many mines
pending the completion of wage negotiations), the employment changes
conformed generally to the usual April pattern. Compared with
April of last year, there were approximately 185,000 more workers
employed in nonagricultural industries in April of this year.
These figures do not include emergency employment which decreased approximately 295,000 in April, as follows: 286,000 on
projects operated by the Works Progress Administration, 1,000 in
the Civilian Conservation Corps, and 8,000 on work projects of the
National Youth Administration.
Industrial and Business Employment
Employment increases were shown by 40 of the 87 manufacturing
industries and by 11 of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed
monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Gains in pay rolls were
shown by 30 manufacturing and 11 nonmanufacturing industries.
For all manufacturing industries combined there was an employment decline of 0.2 percent or 8,500 wage earners since March and a
pay-roll drop of 2.3 percent or $3,800,000 per week. Typically, there
is no change in factory employment in April as compared with March,
and factory pay rolls decline 0.8 percent. The April factory em
ployment index (91.2 percent of the 1923 to 1925 average) was, with
but one exception, at the highest level for any month since December
1937 and was 6.4 percent above the figure for the same month of 1938.
The corresponding pay-roll index (84.9) was 13.8 percent above the
level of last year. Employment in the durable-goods group of indus-




(1)

tries as a whole advanced for the third consecutive month, the increase
of 0.7 percent raising the April index for this group to 84.1, the
highest point recorded since December 1937. The pay-roll index for
this group (80.2) showed no change over the month interval. In the
nondurable-goods industries employment fell 0.9 percent, the April
index (98.0) being below the levels reached in the latter half of 1938
and the early months of 1939. Pay rolls for this group fell 4.7 percent
to an index level of 90.2.
Substantial gains in number of workers, largely seasonal, were
shown in sawmills (13,000); canning and preserving (11,700); fertilizers (5,100); brick, tile, and terra cotta (4,000); aircraft (3,300);
cigars and cigarettes (3,000); cement (2,200); beverages (2,200); and
shipbuilding (2,000). Employment and pay rolls in the aircraft industry were higher than ever before, more than twice as many workers
being employed in April of this year than in 1929. Industries for
which the April employment indexes were at the highest levels since
the later months of 1937 were engines, turbines, and water wheels;
shipbuilding; textile machinery; brick, tile, and terra cotta; marble,
granite, and slate; pottery; and paints and varnishes. The employment index for steel was higher than it has been since February of last
year, and the indexes for electrical machinery, foundries and machine
shops, and machine tools were at the highest levels since March 1938.
The employment gain of 2.2 percent in the last-named industry was
the eighth consecutive monthly increase. Among the industries
showing sizeable declines, most of which were of a seasonal nature,
were woolen and worsted goods (13,900); women's clothing (9,400);
boots and shoes; (8,500); automobiles (6,800); men's clothing (5,100);
cotton goods (4,500); and confectionery (3,300). Declines, also
seasonal, ranging from 2,100 to 2,300, were shown in the silk, knit
goods, and cottonseed oil industries.
Retail trade establishments reported an employment gain of 2.1
percent or 67,400 workers. This increase did not reflect the Easter
rise in employment, since the Easter peak of 1939 occurred too early
to affect employment in the April 15th pay period reported to the Bureau. The increase, however, was slightly greater than that which
has taken place in earlier years with a similar early Easter season.
As the employment level of April of last year reflected full Easter
activity, the April 1939 index (85.2 percent of the 1929 average) stood
3.1 percent below the index of April 1938. The more important
retail groups which showed gains in employment were food, automotive, general merchandising, apparel, furniture, hardware, farmers'
supplies, and lumber and building material.
The employment decline of 0.2 percent in wholesale trade followed
the usual seasonal trend between March and April. The most pronounced percentage decrease in employment was a seasonal loss of




24.2 percent reported by firms dealing in farm products. Dealers in
dry goods and apparel, in groceries, in furniture and house furnishings,
and in metals and minerals reported declines ranging from 0.4 percent
to 3.1 percent. Employment increases were reported in the following
wholesale lines: Automotive; chemicals and drugs; food; iron and
steel scrap; machinery, equipment, and supplies; and petroleum
products.
In bituminous-coal mines the suspension of operations pending the
signing of new agreements resulted in an employment decrease of
70.0 percent or 280,000 workers and a pay-roll loss of 77 percent or
$6,600,000 per week. Anthracite mines took on 2.9 percent or 2,200
more workers in April and increased pay rolls by 32.3 percent, indicating increased production because of orders received during the shutdown of bituminous mines.
Metal mines increased their forces by 0.8 percent, quarries reported
a seasonal pick-up of 7.2 percent or 2,800 workers, and oil wells curtailed employment slightly (0.5 percent). Telephone and telegraph
companies showed an increase of less than 1 percent in employment
as did light and power concerns, while the number of workers engaged
in the operation and maintenance of electrical railroads was reduced
slightly. Seasonal employment gains in hotels, laundries, and dyeing
and cleaning establishments resulted in a net gain of 7,000 workers in
these industries. Brokerage firms curtailed employment 0.3 percent
and insurance companies increased their personnel by 0.1 percent.
Employment in private building construction showed an increase of
10.8 percent from March to April, according to reports received from
14,877 contractors employing 123,989 workers. This increase following the substantial seasonal gain reported in March, was larger than
the April gains reported in 4 of the past 7 years. Pay rolls increased
14.9 percent. Employment gains were reported for all sections of the
country, the New England and Mountain States showing increases
of 21.9 percent and 24.2 percent, respectively. The substantial seasonal pick-up in the Middle Atlantic and the East and West North
Central States in March was continued in April with percentage gains
of 13.5, 10.1, and 16.6, respectively. Increases of 8.6 percent, 4.4
percent, and 3.6 percent were reported in the East South Central, the
South Atlantic, and the Pacific States, respectively, and a gain of
1.4 percent was reported in the West South Central States. The
reports on which the figures are based do not cover construction
projects financed by the Works Progress Administration, the Public
Works Administration, and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation,
or by regular appropriations of the Federal, State, or local governments.
A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission
showed a gain since March of 0.2 percent or 1,718 persons in the num-




ber employed by class I railroads. The total number employed in?
April was 950,130. Corresponding pay-roll figures were not avilablewhen this report was prepared. For March they were $153,890,102"
as against $140,178,409 for February, a gain of 9.8 percent.
Hours and Earnings.—The average hours worked per week by wage
earners in manufacturing industries were 36.4 in April, a decrease of
2.1 percent since March. The average hourly earnings of these workers were 64.8 cents, a decrease of 0.2 percent as compared with the
preceding month. Average weekly earnings declined 2.1 percent to
$23.82.
Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data
are available, 4 showed increases in average hours worked per week,
and 10 showed gains in average hourly earnings. Ten of the sixteen
nonmanufacturing industries surveyed reported higher average weekly
earnings.
TABLE 1.—Employment,

Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries-

Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1939
Employment

Industry

All manufacturing industries
combined *
Class I steam railroads 2

Index
April
1939

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

(1923-25
= 100)
91.2 -0.2
53.2

+.2

(1929=

April
1938

+6.4
+4.0

Coal mining:
100)
53.2 +2.9
Anthracite *4
-6.6
26.2 - 7 0 . 0 -69. 5
Bituminous
-. 1
61.5
+.8
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic
43.0 +7.2
+3.1
mining
5 -10.7
65.9
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
74.1
Telephone and telegraph...
+.9
Electric light and power
90.3
and manufactured gas
+.8
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
69.1
-.6
maintenance
Trade:
-1.3
87.3
-.2
Wholesale
So. 5 +2.1
-3.1
Retail
+3.9 - 4 . 1
General merchandising.
Other than general
-2.8
merchandising
82.5 +1.4
46
-.2
93.2
Hotels (year-round)
+.0
Laundries 4
93.
5
-2.0
+.6
Dyeing and cleaning 4
-8.6
102.2 +7.1
Brokerage
-3.4
-.3
+.8
Insurance
+.1
Building construction
+10. 8 +.7
1

Average weekly earnings

Pay roll

Index
April
1939

Percentage
change from—
March
1.939

(1923-t5
= 100)
84.9

April
1938

+13.8
(3)

(1929=
100)
45. 3 +32.3
17.9 -77.0
52. 6 - 1 . 8

Average in
April
1939

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

April

+7.0
(3)

$23. 82
(

+16.2
-68. 2
-1.3

26. 95 +28.5
18. 09 - 2 3 . 2
27.03 - 2 . 6
21.11
33.98

+24.4
+4.1
1

35.9
60.8

+8.2

+5.8
-10.5

92.1

+.3
+-2

+.6

5 30. 81

+2.6
+.1
+1.5

-.6

s 33.47

+1.0

97.0
69.6

-1.3

74.8
71.3
86.6

+ 1
+2.3
+3.8

68.1
81.9
79.9
73.3

+2.0
| +1.1
I +.7
! +8.3
-1.3

+

+14. 9

+.3

-1.2
-3.2
-.8

+1.8
o

-lao

-3.6
+2.2
+6. 9

+1.0
— 3

s 32. 83

-.7

+2.3

5 29. 75
5 21.29
s 17. 86

+.2
+.3

+1.6
+2.0
+.9

s 24. 25
U5.01
17. 57
19.71

+.5
+.5
+.1
+1.1

+2.1
+2.0
+1.2
-8.1
-.3
+1.4
+5.7

s 36. 26

s 36. 71
29. 92

-.1

-1.0

+.6
+3.7

Revised indexes—Adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures.
2 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
3 Not available.
* Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue of this pamphlet.
« Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet dated
earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose
duties are mainly supervisory.
« Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.




Employment and pay-roll indexes, and average weekly earnings in
April 1939 for all manufacturing industries combined, for selected
nonmanufacturing industries, and for class I railroads, with percentage
changes over the month and year intervals are presented in table 1.
Public Employment
Employment on projects financed from Public Works Administration funds showed a seasonal increase of 26,800 over March, bringing
the total number of men working on this program to 248,900. This
is 136,500 more than the employment figure for April a year ago and
is higher than in any month since December 1936. Pay-roll disbursements for April were $20,141,000.
For the month ending April 15 there were approximately 5,700 men
working on projects of the United States Housing Authority, and pay
rolls amounted to $689,000. These figures cover new construction
and demolition and pertain only to those projects started under the
United States Housing Authority; those formerly under the Public
Works Administration are shown with the Public Works Administration building-construction projects in this report.
On projects financed from regular Federal appropriations employment increased from 171,000 in March to 191,000 in April. This
increase of 20,000 was brought about by a marked increase in the
number of workers employed on public-road projects and on ship
construction. Increases were also reported on the following types of
projects: Building construction, rural electrification, forestry, heavy
engineering, reclamation, and locks and dams. The level of employment declined on water and sewerage, streets and roads, and dredging,
dike, and revetment projects. Pay-roll disbursements for the month
ending April 15 increased by $867,000 to $19,150,000.
Employment on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation increased to approximately 2,300 for the
month ending April 15; pay rolls for the period were $252,000.
Because of curtailed funds employment in April on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration dropped to 2,629,000, a
decrease of 286,000 as compared with March. There were 46,000
more workers employed on these projects in April than in the same
month in 1938. Pay-roll disbursements of $146,388,000 were $11,429,000 less than in March and $14,969,000 more than in April 1938.
On Federal projects under The Works Program there was an increase
in employment; on work projects of the National Youth Administration there was a decrease. No change in employment on Student
Aid was reported.
In April there were 314,000 workers in camps of the Civilian Conservation Corps, 1,000 less than in March and 6,000 more than in
154629—39




2

April 1938. Of the total number in camps during this month 277,000
were enrollees, 5,000 reserve officers, 300 nurses, 1,600 educational
advisers, and 30,000 supervisory and technical employees. Pay-roll
disbursements in April for all groups of employees were $14,169,000.
In the regular services of the Federal Government increases were
reported in the executive, legislative, and military services and a
decrease in the judicial service. Of the employees in the executive
service in April, 122,000 were employed in the District of Columbia
and 763,000 outside the District. Force-account employees (employees who are on the Federal pay roll and are engaged on construction projects) were 9.0 percent of the total number of employees in the
executive service. Increases in employment in administrative offices
of the War and Navy Departments were caused by the expansion of
the military services. Increases in employment were also reported in
the Department of Agriculture and the Post Office Department;
decreases, in the administrative offices of the Works Progress Administration and the Department of Commerce.
There was an increase of 400 in employment on State-financed road
projects for the month of April. Of the 122,000 at work, 13,000 were
engaged on the construction of new roads and 109,000 on maintenance
work. Pay rolls for both types of road work were $9,166,000.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll data for April 1939
is given in table 2.
TABLE 2.—Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, March and April 1939 1
[Preliminary figures]
Class

Employment
April
March

Percentage
change

Pay rolls
April
March

Federal Services:
Executive 8
885,262 »879, 504 +0.7 $133,467,310 3 $134, 622,972
566,058
503, 895
Judicial.
_
2,123
2,317
-8.4
1, 216, 315
1, 214, 714
Legislative
_
5,315
5,292
+.4
26, 899,254
Military
344, 848
+1.7
26,731,905
350,610
Construction projects:
16, 377, 207
222,061 +12.1 20,141,196
Financed by P . W. A.*
...
248, 864
467,860
U. S. H. A. low-cost housing
689,141
5,681
4,293 +32.3
Financed by R. F. C.«
252,
382
244, 675
2,255
+5.7
2,133
Financed by regular Federal appropriations
19,150,441
18,282,989
190, 581
171,130 +11.4
Federal projects under The Works
5,171,042
Program.
119, 692
116, 721
+2.5
5, 658,478
2, 629,206 3 2,915,509
146,388,042 8157,817,401
Projects operated by W. P. A
National Youth Administration:
4, 437,479
4, 332, 530
Work projects.
227,113
234,918
2, 443,022
378, 692
Student Aid.
(6)
(«)
314,990
14, 205, 352
-.2
Civilian Conservation Corps..
14,169,329
314, 343

Percentage
change
-0.9
-11.0
-.1
+23.0
+47.3
+3.1

+4.7

+9.4
-7.2

-2.4

1 Includes data on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds.
2 Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the
extent of 108,754 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $13,677,161 for April 1939, and 108,104 employees
and pay-roll disbursements of $14,007,976 for March 1939.
•Revised.
4
Data covering P . W. A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation
Act of 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under The Works Program. Includes 22,497
wage earners and $2,031,383 pay roll for April 1939; 25,672 wage earners and $2,208,700 pay roll for March 1939,
covering Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of
1935, 1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 219,034 wage earners and $17,159,655 pay roll for April 1939; 188,923
wage earners and $13,283,402 pay roll for March 1939, covering Public Works Administration projects financed
from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938.
«Includes 682 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $58,225 for April 1939; 186 employees and pay-roll
disbursements of $11,116 for March 1939 on projects financed by the R F C Mortgage Co.
«April data not available.




DETAILED TABLES FOR APRIL 1939
Industrial and Business Employment
MONTHLY reports on employment and pay rolls are available for the
following groups: 87 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing
industries, including private building construction; and class I steam
railroads. The reports for the first two of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The figures on class I steam railroads are
compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission and are presented
in the foregoing summary.
EMPLOYMENT, PAY ROLLS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS

The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in April 1939
are shown in table 3. Percentage changes from March 1939 and
April 1938 are also given.
Employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
February, March, and April 1939, where available, are presented in
table 4. The February and March figures, where given, may differ
in some instances from those previously published, because of revisions
necessitated by the inclusion of late reports and other causes.
The average weekly earnings shown in tables 3 and 4 are computed
by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments
by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As all
reporting establishments do not supply man-hours, average hours
worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based
on data supplied by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size and
composition of the reporting sample varies slightly from month to
month. Therefore the average hours per week, average hourly
earnings, and average weekly earnings shown are not strictly comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to be
sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the general
movements of earnings and hours over the period shown. The
changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are
based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes from
April 1938 are computed from chain indexes based on the month-tomonth percentage changes.




TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1938.
Comparable series available upon request]
Employment

Industry

All manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, sloel works, and rolling mills...
'Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets.Cast-iron pipe.
~
.
Cutlery (not, including silver and plated cutlery) and edge lools. __
.Korgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies..
Stamped and enameled ware
.Steam an<! hot-water heating apparatus and
steam lit tings
S (ovos
- -.
.
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
fiies, and saws)
Wirework.._
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural implements (including tractors)...
C ish registers, adding machines, a n d calculating machine^-..
-.
Klectrical machinery, a p p a r a t u s , a n d supplies
Engines, turbines, water wheels, a n d windin ills
F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop products




Index
April
1939

91.2
84.1
98.0
88.3
92. 3
90. 0
67. 4

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

April
1938

Index
April
1939

+.7

+6.4
+9.2
+4.3

84.9
80.2
90.2

0

+7.3

80.1
82.8
53.0
58.5

-0.2

+ . 1 +4.7

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

April
1938

-2.3

+13.8

April
1939

Percentage
change from—

36.4
36.5
36.4

-2.1
-.7
-3.3

+17.9
+23.0
+22. 9
+8.6
+ 10.3
-3.6
+26. 7
- 3 ! 6 +19.1
+2.9 +15. 3
-2.2
+6.2

35.1
33. 6
33.9
35.4

-2.0
-2.4
-8.3

-4.7

+6.5

-1.8
-2.4
-10.1

+26.5
+28.8
+38. 5
+15.9

26.45
28.07
23. 53
20.71

-1.8
-2.6
-8.3
+4.6

- 3 . 3 +10.6
+.5 + 11.1
-6.4 +48.1
+2.1 + 19.3
-3.8 +14.0

22.17
27. 62
23. 05

24. 98
23.34
24.52
24.96
28.00
23. 19

74.2
46.1
76.7
64.6
131.8

(58. 8
81.0
CO. 9
88.2

-.3
+3. 3
+ 1.0
+ 3.1

+8.2
+12.3
+9. 3
-.5

56.0
68.4
59.5
94.0

-.4
+2.7
+3.3
+1.5

84. 5
159. 4
95.1
123.8

-1.1
-1.2

81.6
102.9
93.8
134.9

-3.1
-3.9

-.8

+10.3
+ 21.7
+2.0
-16.2

129. 9
80.1

-2.5
+1.1

-8.4
+5.5

119.8
85.7

-.4
-1.0

96. 3
84.5

+2.7
+•6

+4.2
+1.2

115.1
78.9

+2.7

+22.1
+21.5
+20.5
+3.0
+25.0
+37.2
+12.2
-11.7
-.6
+19.0
+13. 2
+10.6

37.6

36. 3
35. 2
37.0
36.9

+12.7
+8.1
+ 10.1
+3.5

35. 2
38.0
38.4
38.1
39.1
30. 7
37.7
37.9

29.81
27. 57

+13.5
+12.8
+9.9
+5.4
+2.2 +8.9
-2.0
+12.7

30.94
26.79

+()
-1.3

39. 5
37.6

23.95
24.68
27.48
30.00

Percentage
change from—

+7.0
+12.0
+2.1

-2.1
-.5
-3.9

84. 7
48. 0
80.7
73.4
135.3

April
1939

April
1938

S23. 82
26.98
20.93

+5.6

Average hours worked
per week i

March
1939

+.1 +22.3

-2.0 + 12.6
+ 1.0 +6. 6
+.3 +5.9
4-1.2 + 11.4
- 2 . 8 +24.4
+3.5
-.8
+7.4
-1.6

+.4

Average weekly earn-

Pay rolls

)
-.6

+2.3
— 1.7
-2.0
-2.7

+8.7
+9.0

30.7
37.2

March
1939

April
1938

Average hourly earnings i

April
1939

Cents
64.8
72.6
58.2

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

-0.2

+.2

+25. 2
+5.1 +10.1

75.3
83.5
09. 5
58.2

-00
-C;i)

-3.1
-1.7
-3.8
+2.4
-3.0

+12.4
+22.2
+ 17.5
+15.2
+5.9

59. 8
75. 9
65. 5
67. 6
63.0

+ 1.1
+.1
+.5
+.0

-2.3

+15.9
+8.3
+7.9
+2.8

69.7
66. 3
73.1
61.1

+14.0
+13.7
0)

61.4
67. 5
72.6
79.5

+.3
+.4
+.3
+.2
!

81.8
74.2

-.2

78.8
71.2

-.1
-.1

A

+2!o
-1.5
-2.3
-2.9
-1.0

+.5
+2.5
-2.0

+()
-1.3

()

+21.7

+5.1
+8.0
+13.4
+7.5
+8.9

April
1938

00
()

+ .8

+.4

-1.4

-.4

-2.2
+3.3
+3 1.3

+2.4
-.5

+.1

+( )
+.2

-2.3
0
+2.0
+1.1
— 4
-.6

+1.2
(3)

+1.1
+.2

Machine tools
_
131. 2 +2.2
Radios and phonographs
94. 6 - 4 . 3
+2.4
Textile, machinery and parts
72.0
+.5
Typewriters and parts..
128.2
Transportation equipment
95.4
-.3
Aircraft
1,078. 4 + 12.1
Automobilcs
102.1
-1.6
CATS, electric- and steam-railroad
33.1
-l.l
19.1 +15.8
Locomotives
__ ___ _
112.3
Shipbuilding
+3. 3
Nonferrous metals and their products
93.4
-1.0
Aluminum manufactures
154. 6 +1.0
Brass, bronze, and copper products
-.8
98. 4
Clocks and watches and time-recording
devices
83.7
+.1
Jewelry
90.4
-2.5
82. 9 - 5 . 3
Light ing equipment
66. 3
Silverware and plated ware
-.6
72.0
Smelling and refining- copper, lead and zinc.
+.S
64.3
lumber and allied products...
+2.7
77.9
Furniture
-1.4
Lumber:
Millwork
54.2
+1.5
Sawmills..
51.8
+5.4
Stone, clay, and glass products
72.7
+4.5
53. 6 +7.7
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
66. 5 +10. 3
Glass
91.9
+1.4
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
47.2
+5.4
Pottery
81.6
+.5
Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products
98.6
Fabrics
88.8
-2.6
Carpets and rugs
83.7
—1.1
Cotton goods
86.7
-1.1
83.7
-3.0
Cotton small wares
114.4
-1.4
Dyeing and finishing textiles
80.8
-2.4
Hats, fur-felt
114.9
-.9
Knitgoods
147.2
-.9
Hosiery "_
72.1
-4.5
Knitted outerwear
73.5
+1, 5
Knitted underwear
150. 2 - 2 . 0
Knitted cloth
62.0
-2.9
Silk and rayon goods
69.0 - 1 0 . 1
Woolen and worsted goods
.
._ __
119.0
-3.3
Wearing npjvirel
103.8
-2.7
Clothing, men's
171.1
-4.1
Clothing, women's
106,1
+2.3
Corsets and allied garments
See footnotes at end of table,,.




140.8
+4.3
+1.0
+21.5
80.8
-5.1
+23.4
71.4
+3.0
+ 12.4
134. 2 - 1 . 5
+32.7
94.4
+2.6
+23. 3 1.0C3.7
+7.0
+40.1
99. 5 +2.6
31.5
-2. 5
+.7
-38.0
16.2 + 17.8
+ 17.3
117.3
+ 1.5
+10.9
86.2
-3.7
+.19.8
160. 6
+.5
+ 10.9
95. 9
-2.7

+20.9
+22.8
+41. 7
+46. 6
+45.5
+32. 4
+57. 3
+3.1
-36. 9
+ 15.1
+24.9
+34. 6
+28. 7

30.46
21.19
25. 79
25.13
31.88
30. 09
32.47
26. 06
27.1-1
31.22
24.89
26. 50
26.43

+2.1

+2.4
+13.1
+ 17.4
+9.1
+4.4
+4.4
+8.5

84.1
71.1
70. 9
59. 4
66. 2
55.7
63.5

-1.7
-7.5
-1.1.7
-8.1

+30.1
+21.0
+36. 8
+27. 6
+3. 3
+11.2
+22.4

21.24
21.90
22. 85
24. 61
25. 90
20.08
19. 74

-1.8
-5.1
-6. 8
-7.6
-1.3

+S.7
+1.4
+11.2
+14.0
+2.9
+12.7
+13.0
+9.6

43.9
46. 3
62.6
39. 6
61.9
89.4
38.8
72.2

+.4

+13.7
+4.1
+15.3
+22. 5
+6.7
+15.1
+17.3
+13. 2

21.40
19. 94
22.96
19.46
25. 91
23. 37
27. 55
22. 82

-1.0
+3. 5
-2.8
^ 2

79.8 —10. 3 + 11.5
73.9
- 6 . 9 +16.7
70.7
- 6 . 1 +53. 6
73. 2
- 3 . 4 +17.9
76.1
- 7 . 8 +24. 2
97.0
- 4 . 0 + 12. 7
55. 7 - 2 1 . 7 - 1 2 . 1
112.4
-5. 9
+5. 5
154. 3
—6. 6 +2.1
63. 6
- 6 . 9 +r>. r>
—.3
64.7
+20.1
112.4
-6.8
4-6.1
48.7
-7.6
+7.3
52. 3 - 1 5 . 5 +47.7
88 8 - 1 5 . 3
+3. 7
74. 3 - 1 3 . 8 +15.1
118.0 - 1 7 . 7
-4.2
111.2
+2.2 +14.6

16.36
15. 87
22. 52
13.72
17. 34
20. 64
17.48
17.27
18.40
16.32
14. 77
16. 68
15.02
17.54
17.84
18. 85
18. 86
17. 58

-7.9
-4. 5
-5.1
-2. 3
-4.9
-2.6
-19. 9
-5. 0
-5. 8
-2.6
-1.8
-4.9
-4.8
-6.0
-12.4
-11.5
-14.2

+7.4
+11.7
+23. 5
+9. 4
+18. 3
+10. 4
-9.4
+6. 6
+5. 5
+6.0
+11.4
+7.1
+3.8
+41.6
+.4
+5.fi
-4.3
+7.2

+3. 3
-3.9
+9.1
+1.5
+6. 5
+11.6
-6.2
+13.1
-2. 0

-.8

+.6

-2.0
+3.0
-4.1
+4.2

— 1.4

+1.8
-1.7
-2.7
-.4

-1.9

+.6

-2. 5

+i!i

-7.5
+7.4
-2.4

-.2

+19.8
+ 1.0
+18. 0
+30. 4
+9.6
+7.4
+12.2
+2.3
+1.7

+1.6
-1.3

+12.7
+12. 5
+16.3

40.9
36.2
38.8
3S. 5
35.7
40. 8
35.1
31. 6
35. 2
37. 0
37.1
38. 8
37. 0

+26. 5
+7. 0
+ 17.4
+ 17.0
-1.1
+6.5
+12. 2

36. 2
36. 7
33. 4
39. 0
37. 5
37.7
37.3

- 2 . 5 +31.7
-6. 6
+9. 6
—7. 7 +8.9
- 5 . 9 +15.8
-1.2
- 22 . 7

+4.9
+2.7
+ 3.7
+7.4
+4. 0
+3.1
+4. 5
+3. 3

39.7
37. 5
35.5
36. 4
37. 6
33.1
37.0
36. 5

—2.1
+.3
+1.5
-6. 5
+3.0
-3.4

+3.7
+4. 5
+l:0. 7
+7.2
+4.9
+2.0
-3. 2
-1.0
-3.4
+6.1
+7.8

34.7
35. 4
35. 6
35. 6
38.8
38.1
25.0
35. 6
35. 5
35. 5
36. 2
35. 9
35. 2
33.3
33. 7
32. 6
33.8
38.7

-4.4
-3.7
-4.8
-2.3
-1. 5
-3.2
-17.8
-4.2
-4.9
-3.6
-1,7
-4.5
-5. 8
-5. 6
-5. 6
-7.0
-4.6
-1.6

—. 5

-.6

+3.3
+4.4
+3. 3
+8.9
+.1
+6.9

+17.3
+7.7
+18. 0
—1.2 +30.
2
+3.1
(2)
-3.0
+2.7
+4.2 +11.6
-2.1
+1. 6
+2.2
+2.1
— .8 +2.8
-3.2
(2)
— 1.6 +14. 9
- 1 . 8 +18. 3

—.8

()

-3.1

+11.2

74.6
58. 6
66. 6
65. 3
89.6
74. 6
92. 5
75. 3
77.1
83.1
66.8
os. 4
70.4
58.7
59.1
6S. 3
63.4
69.1
53.9
53. 2

-.7

+4.6
+.1
(2)
+4.4
+2. 7
-1.2
-3.2
+2.3

54.0
54. 2
64.8
53. 5
68.9
70.7
74.9
63.1

-.4
+2.5

47.9
45. 7
63.4
38.4
45. 5
53. 9
69. 5
49.4
52. 2
46.1
41.0
45. 9
42.3
52.7
51.7
57.7
51.6
45.4

—2.2
«>

-.2

+.7

2

()
(2)
+27. 6
+14.7
+10. 3
+2.8
+7. 5
+6. 4
+4.7
+8.9
+14. 2
+4.3
+4.1
+15.
0
(2)
+11.8
+4.0
+9.1

+.6
+.6
+.8
-.7
-.3

-2.0

+(+ .:J6)
-.5
-.9

+.3

+1.2
-.2

+.7
+1.9
+.9
-2.1
-.1

+1.6

+.7
—.6

-1.7
-.4

-1.1
+4.0

+.r>

—'.I
-.1
-3.2
+.8
+.8
2
-!3

+1.1

_(3)

-.5

+1.1
-.4

-4.9
-3.8
-7.1

+.6

+.3
(2)
+4.9
+.5
+.8
-.1
-1,5
2
()
-2.2
-1.8
-3.5
-3.0
+6. 7
+1.0
+1.7
(2)
-2.5

+

+3.0
(2)
+3.4
+.9
+3.3
+7.4
-.7

-2.. 6
-6. 3
-4.0
-.6
-4.0
-5. 2
-5. 6
-1.4
-3.3
-4.8
-1.1
-9.2
(2)
-2.4
-1.6
.

o

TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls*, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued
Employment
Industry

Index
April
1939

Average weekly earn-

Pay rolls

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

April
1938

-3.5
-6.8
-1.9
-3.7
-4.1
-1.7

+3.3

Index
April
1939

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

April
1938

April
1939

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

April
1938

$12.96
21.70
13.44
18.73
17.58
23.83
24.57
25.11
33.15
22.33
16.13
17.27
24.96
29.22
27.23
26.94
24.42
16.05
16.63
15.96
28.08
21.13
24. Jl

-6.8
-23.4
-2.2
-6.9
-8.9
-2.8
-1.7
-1.6

+4.9

30.01
37.66
27.91
34.39
25.27
30.81

Average hours worked
per week i

April
1939

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

April
1938

-5.8
-16.9
-1.6
-10.6
-12.5
-2.8
-1.8
-1.6

-0.3
-8.0
+9.8
(3)
-2.2
+7.9
(a)
-1.8

Average hourly earnings *

April
1939

Percentage
change from—
March
1939

April
1938

Nondurable goods—-Continued

Textiles and their products—Continued.
Wearing apparel—Continued.
Men's furnishings
__
_
Millinery
_
Shirts and collars
leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes...
_
Leather. _
Food and kindred products
Baking
.
Beverages
Butter
,.
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
_._
__
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
_
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars anj cigarettes
i
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
_
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals.._
Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum
refining.
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining.
Chemicals




132.3
77.7
119.3
94.0
94.5
84.5
114.0
142.0
235.7
95.6
92.8
72.3
75.3
75.8
91.8
43.5
93.9
61.8
60.7
61.9
105.9
100.4
106.3
99.9
106.5
114.9
116.1
114.6
114.9

+1.8
_(3)

+3.5
+3.8
+17.7
-6.7
-2.0
+8.5
-.8
+11.0
+6.4
+3.9

+.2
+4.3

-8.7
+3.7

+1\

+16.0

+1.2
+.2
+.3

-7.9
+12.0
-2.2
+1.4
-1.6

+.3

-1.3
+17.9
-2.5
-1.9
-2.6

0
-1.1

+.3

+1.2
+7.4
+1.9

-.4

-.9

+.5
+.4
-.2
+.5

-1.3

+.2
+2.2
-4.3

+4.0
+3.2

109.9
63.9
102.6
74.5
70.1
83.7
114.0
135.7
284.1
82.1
81.0
67.2
72.6
65.7
99.5
45.6
85.1
53.0
62.8
51.7
103.3
103.8
104.6
90.2
108.9
120.5
128.5
118.0
127.9

-10.1
-28.6
-4.0
-10.5
-12.6
-4.5

+.1

-1.6

+6.8

-13. 6
+15.8
+5.5
+.2
+23.8
-.1
-1.3

+7.1
+3.6
+9.4

+2.1
-4.5

+7.4

-1.2
-1.3
-4.2
+15.2
-.4
-8.0

-10.5
-2.4
-1.1

+2.9
-5.6

+7.1
+.6
+.7

+.7
+3.9
+13.0
+6.3
+1.7
-1.9
+.7 +2.2
+5.4

+4.1
-.9
-3.0

-2.3

-.5
-2.3

-4.7

+9.3
+8.9

+3.4
+2.6
+5.2
+4.3

34.3
32.3
35.1
34.4
33.6
37.8
39.4
41.1
38.8
4(3.2
34.0
35.3
41.5
46.5
39.3
37.0
38.7
34.0
32.7
34.1
38.1
39.2
39.4

-1.5

+2.6
+2.0

38.0
36.3

+.3

-1.3
-2.1
-1.0
-1.0

+3.1

38.2
35. 6
39.1
39.5

-1.0
-2.2
—.6
-.9

+3.5
-.2
-7.0
-4.1
-.4
-1.0
-.3
-6.6
-6.8
-.9
-5.7

-.2

-.9
-1.9
-1.1

+.2

-5.3
+11.7
+3.4
+.5
+6.8
-1.3
-1.5

+1.7
+3.6
-4.4

+2.8
-.7
+.3
-1.6
-2.2
-1.6

+2.3
-6.2

-.4
+5.1
+5.6

+2.8
+.2
-5.5
-4.5

+'.5

-1.3
-7.9
-5.2
-.7
-4.4
-.3
-.7
-1.5
-1.1

—. 7

-.6
i

-4.R

+1.5
-3.1
-1.7
-2.3
-7.9
-6.2
(2)
-6.7

+3.0
(2)
+7.2
+5.5
+2.1
()

-.9
(a)
+6.1

Cents
36.5
62.9
38.9
51.8
49.2
62.9
62.7
61.3
86.2
48.3
48.9
48.4
59.8
62.5
69.4
76.5
63.0
47.5
51.1
47.0
77.0
54.6
61.2

-1.2
-7.0
-.8

+5. y
+1.2
+2.8

_(3)

?

+.1
-.3
-.1
-.1

+.8

-.6
-1.3
-.2
-.7
-.6

+.8
+1.1
-1.8
0
-1.6

+.3

-1.3
(2)

+.8
+2.2
+3.1
-.1

+.4
+2.2
+2.5
+.6
+5.7
+4.3
+1.1

5

80.5
99.8

+.4

73.2
97.3
65.0
78.0

+.2

-.4

-.1
-.1

-1.0
+1.2
+2.5

Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal_
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers.
_
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods other

73.5 -16.5
-.3
107.6
-.6
80.8
160.2 +21.2
117.6
+2.4
-.5
315.4
88.4
-2.3
-.8
82.1
60.0
-2.8
67.2
+.1
132.3
-1.3

-17.9
-.4
-.8

+17.6
+3.0
+11.5
+1.8
+12.9
+10.5
+9.8
+17.5

60.3
119.4
89.5
137.3
123.2
304.4
91.2
83.0
58.6
73.6
126.9

-18.0

+.3

-2.1
+30.0
+2.3
-2.9
-1.4
-2.8
—.2

-3.2
-2.7

-16.3
+4.5
+6.9
+15.6
+8.0
+24.7
+4.8
+34.1
+39.6
+37.2
+27.7

12.75
25.05
30.57
15.84
28.2i
23.64
29.28
27.00
22.23
31.48
22.62

-1.8

+.6

-1.5

+7.2
-2.4

+.9
-1.9
+2.7
-3.3
-1.4

+2.3
+5.9
+7.6
—1.7

+4.8
+11.9
+3.0
+18.8
+26.3
+24.9

+8.7

42.2
39.1
37.7
40.2
40.7
36.5
39.2
35.7
37.1
33.3
38.0

-3.5

+.1
+6.4
+.1
-2.3

-3.1
-.3

-1.3

+3.5
-2.3
-1.7

-12.4
+4.0
+7.7
+1.0
+3.9
+12.1
+2.2
(2)
+27.9
+25.0
+8.7

29.9
60.7
81.1
39.4
69.7
64.7
74.9
76.1
59.9
94.7
60.2

+1.7
+1.9
+.8
+.8

+25.3
+9.5
-4.0
-1.1
-4.2

91.4
88.7
69.5
55.4
87.4

+0.7

0

+.7

+1.2
-.2
-.8
-.8

+.4

+16.0
+1.3
_(3)

-2.3

+.8
-1.3

+.4
+1.4

NONM AN UFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Coal mining:
Anthracite *
_
Bituminous <
_
Metalliferous mining
...,
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph »
Electric
light and power and manufactured
gas 5
_
_
Electric-railroada and motorbus operation and
maintenance
_
Trade:
Wholesale s
Retails
General merchandising 5
Other than general merchandising «
Hotels (year-round)*« •
_
Laundries4
_
_
Dyeing and
cleaning *
_
5
Brokerage —
_
Insurance *
Building construction
_
,

53.2
26.2
81.5
43.0
65.9

+2.9

+32. 3
-77.0
-1.8

+16.2
-68. 2
-1.3

-10.7

+3.1

45.3
17.9
52.6
35.9
60.8

-.8

-10.5

-70.0

-6.6
-69.5

-.5

+.8
+7.2

-.1

+8.2

74.1

+.9

-.9

92.1

30.81

-.6

+.8

-1.6

97.0

+.3
+.2

+.6

90.3

-.6

33.47

-.6

69.1

-.6

-2.9

69.6 ; - 1 . 3

-.6

32.83

-.7

87.3
85.5
96.9
82.5
93.2
93.5
102.2

-.2

+.3

(7)

+7.1
-.3

(0
(7)

+10.8

29.75
21.29
17.86
24.25
15.01
17.57
19.71
36.26
36.71
29.92

+.2
+.3

-2.0
-8.6
-3.4

74.8
71.3
86.6
68.1
81.9
79.9
73.3

+.1

+2-1
+3.9
+1.4

-1.3
-3.1
-4.1
-2.8

+.6
+.6

+.1

-.2

+.8
+.7

8

+2.3
+3.8
+2.0
+1.1
+.7
+8.3
-1.3
+.6

+14.9

i Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishments, as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours.
The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the
size and composition of the reporting sample. Hours and earnings for all manufacturing
industries now relate to 87 industries instead of 89 which were covered in the July and
prior issues of the pamphlet. The two industries excluded are electric- and steam-railroad repair shops. The averages for the durable-goods group have also been affected by
this exclusion.
a Not yet computed.




+5.8

$26. 95 +28.5
18.09 -23.2
27.03
-2.6
21.11
+1.0
-.3
33.98

-1.2
-3.2
-.8

+1.8
-.8
-16.0
-3.6

+2.2
+6.9

-.1

+.5
+.5
+.1

+1.1
-1.0

+.6

+3.7

+24.4
+4.1
-1.2

+2.6
+.1

+1.5
+1.0
+2.3
+1.6
+2.0
+.9
+2.1
+2.0
+1.2
-8.1
-.3

+1.4
+5.7

29.3
21.5
39.1
37.9
38.1

+28.6
-18.6
-2.8

+.7

-1.3

+.8

+0.6
+.6
+3.3
+3.6
+4.3

-.1

+.2
-.1

39.0

+.2

-1.0

81.7

-.8

+1.4

39.1

-2.1

-2.3

85.5

+1.0

+3.2

45.6

-.3

+1.4

71.2

(s)

+1.2

41.6
42.4
39.0
43.5
46.6
42.2
41.0

-1.0

-1.5

71.9
54.8
48.4

+1.5

+3.7
+3.0
+2.2
+3.2
+2.0
+ 1.7
-3.0

31.2

+2.6

(7)
(7)

-.1
-.1
-.1
-.1
-.3
-.9
(7)
(7)

-.9

-1.4
g
—i!i
-.7

-6.4

8

-1.3

GO. 7

31.7
42.1
49.2
7

()
(7)

96.2

+.3
+.3
+.4
+.9
+.7
+.8
(77)
()

+1.2

()
+7.7

s Less than Mo of 1 percent.
* Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in5January 1938 issue of this pamphlet.
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with
figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation
officers,
executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
8
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
* Not available.

TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25 = 100, and are adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to Aug. ] 8. Comparable series available upon request]
Employment index
Industry
April
1939

All manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.

91.2
84.1
98.0

March February
1939
1939
91.4
83.5

90.7
82.6
98.4

Average weekly
earnings *

Pay-roll index
April
1939

84.9
80.2
90.2

March February
1939
1939

April
1939

March February
1939
1939

Average hours worked
per week 1
April
1939

March February
1939
1939

Average hourly
earnings l
April
1939

March February
1939
1939

Cents
64.8
72.6
58.2

Cents
65.1
72.7
58.6

Cents
64.9
72.6
58.6

35.3

75.3

75.2

75.4

80.1
94.6

85.4
78.4
93.1

$24.23
27.10
20.93 j 21.61

$24.06
26.85
21.49

36.4
36.5
36.4

37.1
36. 7
37.5

36.4
37.3

81.6

79.8

26.45 i 27.01 26.70

35.1

35.8

Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills. _.
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
_.
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forcings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumber's supplies
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
"Wirework
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines '.
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products




88.3

18.3

87.2

92.3
90.0
67.4

92.2
91.9
66.8

91.5
91.8
65.7

82.8
83. 0
58.5

8-1.8
92. 3
55. 4

83.4
94.7
55.4

28.07
23. 53
20. 71

28. 81
25. 64
19. 80

28.47
26. 33
20. 06

33. 6
33.9
35.4

34. 4
36.9
33.7

34. 0
37. 9
34.3

83. 5
69. 5
58.2

83.5
69. 5
58.0

83. 5
69. 6
57.8

84.7
48.6
80.7
73.4
135.3

84. 4
48.0
83.0
74.0
137. 4

82.9
48.6
83.2
73.7
131.3

74.2
40.1
76.7
64. 6
131.8

76.7
45. 9
8.1. 9
63. 3
137. 0

74.4
47.0
78.9
64. 8
128.8

22.17
27. 62
23.05
2-1. 98
23.34

22. 94
28.10
23. 93
24.28
23. 92

22. 65
28.48
23. 04
21.95
23. 55

37.6
36. 3
35. 2
37.0
36.9

38.7
37.3
36. 6
36.1
38.1

38.3
37.4
35. 4
37. 1
37.6

59. 8
75.9
65. 5
67.6
63.0

60.0
75.2
05. 5
67.2
62.7

59.9
76. 0
65. I
67.2
62. 5

08.8
81.0
(ifi. 9
88.2

69.1
78.4
66. 2
85.5

68.2
74.7
61.0
83.7

56.0
68. 4
59. 5
94.0

56.
66.
57.
92.

2
6
6
6

57.1
62.2
54.6
85. 8

24. 52
24.96
28. 06
23.19

24. 56
25.21
27. 54
23.57

25. 24
21.72
26. 93
22. 33

35. 2
38.0
38.4
38.1

36.0
38. 3
37.7
38.7

36. 3
37. 1
37. 0
36.8

68. 2
66.7
73.1
60.8

69. 5
66. 9
72.9
61.0

84.5
159.4
95.1
123.8

85. 4
161.4
94.7
124.8

84.7

81.6
162.9
93.8
134.9

84.2
169. 5
94.2
136. 7

83.9
163.5
91.7
131.9

24. 45
25 36
27.67
30.19

24. 45
24. 60
27.27
29. 96

39.1
36. 7
37.7
37.9

40.0
37.7
38.0

39. 9
36. 8
37.6
37.5

61.4
67. 5
72.8
80.3

61. 5
66.9
72.5
80.4

129.9
86.1

133.3
85.2
93,8
84.1

119.8
85.7
115.1
78.9

120.3
86.5

119.6
83.5

23. 95
24. 68
27.48
30.00
29.81
27.57

69. 7
66. 3
73.1
61.1
61.4
67.5
72.6
79.: 5

29.17
28.09

28.93
27.63

36.7
37.2

37.8

35.7
37.3

82^0
74.5

81.9
74.3

112.1
79. 5

106.9
78.0

30.94
26.79

30.92
27.02

30.50
26.69

39.5
37.6

39.5
37.8

39.0
37.5

81.8
74.2
78.8
71.2

78.8
71.5

78.7
71.1

96.3
84.5

160.6

93.4
121.5
133. 6
83.6
90.6
83.4

Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile iriachinory and parts
Typewriters and parts. ..
.
Transportation equipment
Aircraft.
Automobiles.
Cars, electric;- and steam-railroad...
Locomotives..
Shipbuilding
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures.._
.

.

OS 1
8::. 7
90. 1
82.9
00. 3
7'J. 0
64.3
77.9

128. 1
08. 9
70. 3
127.6
95.7
901.7
103.8
33. 4
10.5
108.7
94i3
ir,3. l
99 2
83. 0
','2 7
87. 5
60. 7
71.5
62.6
78. 9

54. 2
51 8
72.7
53 6
66. 5
91.9
47.2
81.6

53.4
40 1
69.6
19. 7
o'o! 3
90! 6
44.8
81.2

53.3
49. 1
66.6
18. 1
54. 9
89 5
37. 7
80.0

43. 9
40. 3
62.6
39. 0
01 9
89. 1
38.8
72.2

13.7
42. 4
61.7

98.6
HH 8
83.7
8f» 7
83.7
114.4
SO. 8
111 9
147.2
72. 1
73. 5
150.2
02. 0
09. 0
119.0
103.8
171 1
100. 1

101.4
91 2
81.0
87. 7
80. 3
110.0
82.8
110.0
148.5

101.2
92. 1
82.7
87.9
85. 7
110. 0
85. 7
114. 1
140. \
72. 9
7.1.5
151.7
04. 3
82.9
120. 1
104.8
172 !)
102. 3

79.8
73. 9
70. 7
73.2
70. 1
97, 0
5a. 7
112.4
154.3
03. 0
04. 7
112.4
48.7
52. 3
SS. 8
71. 3
1 18. 0
111.2

89.0
79 4
75. 3
75. 7
82. 0
101.0
71.2
119.4
105.3
OS. 3
04. 9
120.0
52. 7
01.9
101.8
80. 2
113.4
108. 9

131.2
91. 6
72.0
._
128.2
95.4 ,
1.078.4 ,
102. 1
33. 1
19. 1
112. 3
93.4
..... 151.0

i 'locks and watches, and time-recording devices.
.Jewclrv ..
Lighting equipment . .
......
Silverware arid plated ware
Smelting and refining— copper, lead, and zinc
Lumber and allied products
Furniture
Lumber:
M illwork
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass products. ....
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
. .
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery. - _..

125.1
140.8
80.8
102.5
71. 4
00. 9
1.34. 2
125.4
94.4
95.9
940.9 1.003.7
101.4
99. 5
31.3
31.5
17. 5
10. 2
100.0
117.3
93.6
86.2
100.0
115.3
05 0
<)S 8
81. 1
83. 0
71. 1
92. 3
SO. 0
70. 9
05. 3
59. -4
00 2
71.9
62.6
55. 7
03. 5
78.8

135. 0
85. 1
09. 4
130.2
92.0
989. 1
97.0
32. 3
13.7

115.5
89.5
159. 8
98. 0
85.' 5
70. 9
80. 3
01.7
o«. 0
53. 9
60.1

55. 5
95. 3
31. 3
73. 7

131.2
87.7
OS. 1
122.5
91.8
901.3
97. 3
32. 0
13.2
112. 9
88.3
152. 1
90. 4
88^0
70 1
82.7
00. 7
07.1
53.0
60. 0

30. 40
21. 19
25. 79
25. 13
31.88
30. 09
32. 47
20. 00
27. 14
31.22
20. 50
20. 43
21.24
21.90
22. 85
24.01
25. 90
20. 08
1.9. 74

29. 83
2,1.14
25. 08
?O. 63
30.81
31.38
30. 87
20. 44
20. 07
31.78
25.67
20. 08
20 98
2l'. 03
23. 03
25. 82
20. 04
20. 23
20.02
20. 20

29. 75
21,15
25.32
23. 45
30.69
31.18
30. 80
26. 00
24.22
31.65
25.48
20. 77
26 42
22! 25
22. 82
26. 13
25. 56
20. 27
19.80
20. 26

40.9
36.2
38.8
38. 5
35.7
40.8
35. 1
34. 6
35. 2
37. 6
37.1
38. 8
37 0
3o! 2
30. 7
33. 4
39. 0
37. 5
37.7
37.3

40.2
36. 6
39.0
39.0
34.6
42: 1
33. 3
35. 4
34. 4
37.9
38.3
39. 5
38 3
37.' 1
39. 3
35. 9
41.4
37. 8
37.9
38.5

43.5
41.1.
58.' 0
35. fi
48 9
93.3
20. 5
72.3

21.40
19.94
22.96
19. 10
25 91
23. 37
27. 55
22.82

2.1.05
19.34
23.72
19. 59
25. 56
25. 30
25. 92
23.38

21.64
18 83
?S. 43
19. 47
24. 94
25. 04
23. OS
23. 46

39.7
37. 5
35.5
36 4
37. 6
33. 1
37. 0
36.5

16. 36
87.8
15.87
81 2
22. 52
71. 5
13.72
76. 0
17.34
83. 0
20. 04
102. 1
17.48
82.2
17.27
118.7
18.40
.104. 4
10.32
08. 2
14.77
03. 8
10.0S
121. 0
15.02
53. 2
09. 8 • 17.54
17. 84
97. 7
18.85
80.2
18 K0
131 8
17.58
106.' 3

17.38
16. 56
23.01
14.00
18. 21
21.22
22.07
18.03
19.38
10.89
15.05
17.53
15.93
18. 06
19.91
21.07
21 51
17.01.

17. 35
16.81.
22.91
14.08
18.48
21.31)
24. 75
18.20
19.03
17.72
14.98
17. 83
15.97
19. 50
19.03
20. 07
20.81
17.45

34.7
35.4
35. 6
35. 6
38.8
38. 1
25.0
35. 6
35. 5
35. 5
36. 2
35. 9
35. 2
3S. 3
33. 7
32. 6
33. 8
38.7

24.89

39.9

3P.6
34.3
41.8
33. 3
35. 5
31.5
37. 6
38.3
39. 3
37. 6
38'. ()
39. 2
37. 6
40. 1
37.9
37.9
38.8

74.6
58. 6
(\C). 6
65. 3
89.6
74.6
92. 5
75.3
77. 1
83. I
66.8
68.4
70. 4
58.7
59. 1
08. 3
03. 4
09. 1
53.9
53.2

74.2
57.8
65.9
05. 7
89.8
76.1
92.6
74.8
77.5
83.8
66 9
67. 6
70 5
58'. 3
57. 9
71.8
04.8
09.1
53.3
52.7

74.6
57.7
66.5
64.1
89.7
75.8
92. 4
73.2
76.9
83. 3
66.5
68.1
70. 4
58*. 5
57.4
69. 5
64.1
69.0
52.5
52.3

39.9
37.0
36.2
36. 1
36. 9
35. 4
36. 3
37.5

40.0
36 7
35.7
36 1
36. 1
34.8
34. 6
37.2

54. 0
54.2
64.8
53. 5
68.9
70.7
74.9
63.1

54. 4
53 3
65.1
54 4
69.2
71. 6
71.8
63.2

54.2
52 3
64.8
54 2
69.1
72.0
68.8
62.9

36.2
36. 6

36.1
37.0
36. 6
36. 6
39.9
39.6
35. 5
37. 1
37. 0
37. 2
37. 0
38. 2
37. 0
30. 8
34. 5
33. 7
34. 4
38.6

47.9
45.7
63.4
38. 4
45. 5
53.9
69. 5
49.4
52. 2
46. 1
41.0
45. 9
42.3
52. 7
51.7
57 7
5L6
45.4

49.1
46. 2
63. 3
38. 5
46.8
53. 4
69. 5
50.0
53.0
45.9
41.0
46. 3
42. 1
52. 9
54. 1
59. 9
54. 6
45.1

48.9
46.1
62.7
38.4
47-. 0
53. 8
71.4
50.2
53.2
47.2
40.7
46.6
42. 2
53. 0
53. 9
59. 2
55. 1
45.5

36.7
38. 2

Xondurable goods
Te> tiles and their products
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs.. . ...
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dvoing and finishing textiles.
Hats, fur-felt.
..:.
.
Knit goods ..
...
....
Hosiery
.
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear ...
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods.
Woolen and worsted goods
tVearing apparel
Cloihing, men's
Clotliin"' women's
Corsets and allied garments ,

See footnotes at end of table.




.....
.

72! 4
153.3
03.8
70. 8
123.0
100.0
178 5
103. 7

30! 5
39. 5
3-9. 3
30. 6
37.0
37. 0
36. 8
36. 9
37. 6
37. 5
35. 3
35. 7
35. 1
35 6
39.3

co

TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued
M A N U FA CT U HI N G — Continued

E m ploy t nen t index
Industry
April
1939
Nondurable

Februjirv
1939

April
1939

March
1939

Februit r y
1939

February
1939

April
1939

March
1939

123.8
71. 1
103. 3
83.3

$14.20
27. 80
13.69
20.12
19. 17
24. 47
25.00
25. 52
32. 15
22. 47
17. 13
17. 96
25. 13
29. 47
27. 32
28. 85
26. n
16. 22
17. 18
15. 98
28.37
21.51
24. 43

$14. 22
23. 35
13. 49

63.8
49.3
102.3
103. 5
105. 1

$12.96
21. 70
L3. 44
18.73
17.58
23. 83
24.57
25. 11
33. 15
22. 33
16.13
17.27
24. 96
29. 22
27. 23
26. 94
24. 42
16.05
16. 63
15. 96
28.08
21. 13
24. 11
30. 01
37. 66

Average hours worked
per week

\ pril
1939

March
1939

February
1939

A v erage hourly
earnings

A pril
1939

March
1939

Cents
36.5
62.9
38.9

61.3
86.2
48.3
48.9
48.4
59. 8
62.5
69.4
76.5
63. 0
47.5
51.1
47.0
77.0
54. 6
61.2

Cents
37.6
67.9
39.6
51.7
49.2
63.0
62.9
61.5
85.8
48.8
49.4
48.5
59.8
63.4
68.9
75.7
64.2
47.4
51.0
46.9
77.1
54.6
61.4

February
1939

goods—Continued

Textiles and their products—Continued.
Wearing apparel-Continued.
Men's furnishings
_
Millinery
1
Shirts and collars
Leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
__
Leather
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
_'
Flour
Ice cream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
. .
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
...
Newspapers and periodicals
Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum
refining
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining..
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal.
Druggists' preparations
Explosives




March
1939

Average weekly
earning;;

Pay-roll index

109. 9
63.9
102.6
74.5
70. 1
83. 7
114.0
135.7
2X4. 1
82. 1
81.0
67. 2
72.6
65. 7
99. 5
45. fi
So. 1
53.0
62. 8
51. 7

J01.fi
105.9

137.6
77. 7
119.6
96.7
97. 2
86. 9
111.0
141. 5
223. 7
90. 5
72.2
77.3
75.7
67.8
94.6
41.5
85. 3
62.4
61.4
62. 5
105.9
99. 7
106.3

103.8
104. 6

122.2
89.6
106.9
83.2
80. 1
87.7
113.9
138. 0
265. 2
79.3
74.0
75.0
71.4
61.2
100. 6
43.9
85.8
51.5
66. 5
49.6
104.2
107. 1
105. 5

99. 9
106. 5

100. 3
106. 0

101.3
105.2

90. 2
108.9

92. 0
108. 1

90. 0
100. 1

114.9
116.1
114. 6
.114. 9
73.5
107. 6

114.4

112.1
116.4
111.1
116.1
85.3
107.6
80.8

120.5
128.5
118.0
127.9
60. 3
119.4
89.5

121.6

119.9

131.5
118.6
130.9
73.6
119.1
91.5

132.4
116.0
.129.6
69. 4
117.9
92.6

132.3
77.7
119.3
94.0
91. 5
S4. 5
114.0
142.0
235. 7
95.6
92.8
7?. 3
75. 3
75.8
91.8
43. 5
93. 9
61.8

60.7
61.9
105.9
100.4
100. 3

80.8

137.1
83.4
121. 5
97.6
US. 5
86. 0
112.0
142. 1
227. 8
92. 0
78.8
77.5
76.8
69. 8
92. 5
39. 2
88.3
59.5
60. 6
59. 4

105.9

J16. 3
114.0
116.5
88.1
108.0
81.3

103.3

79.6
S9.8
112.1
136. 6
254. 8
79.1
70.2
75.7
71.3
59. 3
101.3
46. 9
71.8
50.9

36.3
39.2
35.2
38.2
38.0
38.9
40.1

25. 40
31. 69
22. 52
17.75
18. 15
24. 57
29. 52
26. 98
29. 11
22. 67
15.19
16. 28
14.91
27.89
21.24
24. 16

34.3
32. S
35. 1
34.4
33. 6
37.8
39.4
41. 1
38. 8
46. 2
34. 0
35.3
11.5
46. 5
39. 3
37. 0
38. 7
34.0
32.7
34.1
38.1
39.2
39.4

41.8
37.8
46.0
35.5
37.0
41.9
46.0
39.8
40. 1
40.8
34.2
33.9
34.2
38.3
39. 8
39.8

36.6
35.3
34.8
39.1
39.1
39.4
39.8
41.6
37.2
45.7
35.6
37.3
40. 6
45.4
39. 5
40. 3
35. 0
32.0
32.4
32.0
37.9
39. 2
39. 6

30. 55
37. 65

29. 58
37. 30

38.0
36. 3

38.2
36.2

37.5
36.0

80.5
99 8

81.1
99.4

27.91

28.43

34. 39
25. 27
30. 81
12.75
25.05
30.57

35. 20
25. 70
31.08
12.93
24. 86
30.96

28.55
35. 23
25. 75
30.89
12.57
24. 73
31.52

38.2
35. 6
39.1
39. 5
42.2
39.1
37.7

38.5
36. 3
39. 3
39. 9
43. 9
39.2
38.5

38.2
36. 5
38.8
39.7
41.7
39.2
39.1

73.2
97. 3
65.0
78.0
29.9
60.7
81.1

97.3
65.0
78.0
29.1
59.3
80.4

20.19
19.13
?4. 88
24.83

51.8
49. 2
62.9

62.7

73.4

Cents
35.9
65. 3
39. 6
52.0
48.8
63.4
63.2
61.5
85.9
49. 2
51.5
48.4
60. 0
64.4
68. 4
74.5
64.8
47.4
50.4
47.0
76.8
54. 7
61.1
80. 2
99.6
74.2
97.0
66.1
78.0
29.7
59.6
80.6

Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap..
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes..
Rubber goods other

160. 2
117.0
315.4
8S.4
82.1
00. 0
07. 2
132.3

132.2
114.9
310.9
90.5
82.8
01.7
07. 2
134.0

98.0
112.5
319.1
89.7
81.5
00. 7
66.1
131.9

137.3
123.2
304.4
91.2
83.0
58. 6
73. 0
126.9

105.6
120.4
313.4
92. 5
85.4
58. 8
70.1
130. 4

77.1
115.7
314.4
91.2
83.0
59. 8
72.9
127.9

15.84
28.24
23. 64
29. 28
27.00
22. 23
31.48
22. 02

14.76
28. 30
24.24
29. 01
27.40
21.05
32. 54
22. 91

39.5

42.3
69.7
64.0
740
76.0
58.4
95.3
59.9

Cents
91.4
88.7
69.5
55.4
87.4

Cents
92.0
88.4
69.3
55.4
86.3

Cents
92.0
88.4
69.0
55.6
87.5

14.63
27.84
24.15
28.87
27.28
22. 05
31.08
22.88

40.2
40.7
36. 5
39.2
35.7
37.1
33. 3
38.0

37.4
40.6
37.7
39.4
36.1
35. 9
34.0
38.6

34.6
40.0
37.7
39.1
36.0
37.7
33.2
38.5

39.4
69.7
04. 7
74.9
76.1
59.9
94.7
60.2

! 21.55
! 23. 49
j
27. 66
!
20. 80
; 34. 00

28.20
24. 29
27. 38
19. 52
34. 70

29.3
21.5
39. 1
37. 9
38.1

23.3
26.5
40.2
37. 5
38.7

30.9
27.6
39.9
35.4
38.7

69.8
64.3
73.9
76.5
60.3
95.7
59.9

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929 = 100]
Coal mining: 2
Anthracite
Bituminous *
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 3
Electric
light and power and manufactured
gas 3
Electric-railroad3 and motorbus operation and
maintenance
Trade:
Wholesale 3
Retain
General merchandising a
Other than general
merchandising 3
Hotels (year-round)
*3 4
2
Laundries
Dyeing and3 cleaning *
Brokerage s
Insurance 3 *
Building construction s

53.2
20.2
01.5
43.0
05.9

51.7
87.4
01.0
40.1
00.2

74.1

73.4

90.3

35. 9
60.8

34.2
45.2
77.8 i 81.2
53.0 I 53. 4
29. 7
33. 1
02.7
01.3

20.95
18.09
27.03
21. 11
33.98

52.2
88.6
00.9
37.9
00.4

45.3
17.9
52.6

73.3

92. 1

91. 9

91.7

30.81

30.96

31. 09

39. 0

38.9

38.9

81.7

82.2

82.6

89.0

97.0

90.8

90.4

33. 47

33. 82

33. 07

39. 1

39.8

39.5

85.5

85.4

85.4

32. 83

33.12

32. 87

45. 0

45.7

45.4

71.2

71.5

71 5

29. 75 29. 02 29.51
21. 28 21. 55
21.29
17. 80 17.84
18. 19
24.25 j 24.18
24.34
15.09
15.01
15.29
17. 57 17.54 . 17.32
L9. 71 19.48 I 18.95
85. 71
30. 20 30.30
30. 32
30.71
80. 11
29. 92 28. 98
27.38

41.0
42.4
39.0
43.5
40. 0
42.2
41.0

42.0
42.5
39. 0
43.5
46.7
42.3
41. 1

41.5
42.7
39.2
43.8
46.9
42.2
39.7

70.7
54.8
48.2
56.7
31.7
41.7
49.2

(6)

CO

71.9
54. S
48.4
56.7
31.7
42.1
49.2
(tt)

(6)

S.4

29.1

96.2

95.5

71.1
54.9
48.3
56.8
32.1
41.3
48.6
(•)
(6)
94.3

09. 1

09.5

09.3

09. 0

70.5

09. 9

87. 3
85. 5
96. 9
82.5
93. 2
98. 5
102.

87.4
83.8
93.2
81.3
92.7
92. 9
95. 4
-1.2
+.2
+0.4

87.9
hi. 5
88.8
79.6
92. 0
92.8
92. 1
-.8

74.8
71.3
80.0
08. 1
81.9
79. 9
73.3
-1.3

74.7
09.0
83.4
00.8
81. 1
79.3
07. 7
-1.0

+.0
+ 14.9

+1.0
+ 13. 1

74. 0
08. 4
81.0
05. 8
82.8
78. 0
03.2
-.0
-1. 1
-6. 1

Q

+ 10.8

o
-2.5

1
Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishments, as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours.
The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the
size and composition of the reporting sample. Hours and earnings for all manufacturing
industries now relate to 87 industries instead of 89 which were covered in the July and
prior issues of the pamphlet. The 2 industries excluded are electric- and steam-railroad
repair shops. The averages for the durable-eoods group have also been affected by this
exclusion.
2 Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in January 1938 issue of this publication.




(°)
31.2

3
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with
figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation
officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
* Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
s Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available, percentage changes from preceding month substituted.
e Not available.
7 Less than Ho of 1 percent.

16
INDEXES OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS, APRIL 1938 THROUGH
APRIL 1939

Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 5 for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, including 2 subgroups under retail trade,
by months from April 1938 to April 1939, inclusive. The accompanying chart indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls
from January 1919 to April 1939.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are based on the
3-year average 1923-25 as 100. They relate to wage earners only and
are computed from reports supplied by representative manufacturing
establishments in 87 manufacturing industries. These reports cover
more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing
industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage
earners in the 87 industries included in the monthly survey of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries, and
dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, but the figures for public
utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except corporation
officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly
supervisory. For crude-petroleum producing they cover wage earners
and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting samples for the
various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from 25 percent for wholesale trade to 90 percent for quarrying and nonmetallic mining.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries
are based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay
rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.




EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1923-25=100

INDEX

140

120

100

80

•yj 1f V
I
1

E MPLC>YMENT

a/

100
1

1

V

60

40

-

1919




1920 1921

1922 1923

1924

140

120

PAY ROL LS

20

INDEX

1925

1926

1927

-

1928

60

V

/

•

1929

1930

193!

1932

1933

1934

80

40

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939 1940

20

18
TABLE 5.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing 1 and Non-

manufacturing 2 Industries, April 1938 to April 1939, Inclusive
Employmen t

Industry

Av.
1938

1938

1939

Apr. M a y June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

Manufacturing
\11 industries
Durable goods 3__

Nondurable goods 4

86.8 85.7 83.4 81.6 81 9 85 7 88 8 8ft 5 90.5 91.2 89.5 90.7 91.4 91.2
77.3 77.0 75.0 72.4 70.3 71.7 75.3 79.0 82.1 83.1 81.6 82.6 83.5 84.1
96.0 94.0 91.5 90.3 92.9 99.0 101.7 99.4 98.4 98.8 97.1 98.4 98.9 98.0

Nonmanufacturing

Anthracite mining
Bituminous-coal mining...
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic
mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Telephone and telegraph...
Electric light and power,
and manufactured gas__.
Electric-railroad and mo
torbus operation and
maintenance
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
General merchandising
Other than general
merchandising
Year-round hotels
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning

52.3 57.0 52.8 56.0 44.6 37.6 46.4 52.4 51.0 51.3 50.0 52.2 51.7 53.2
86.7 85.8 82.2 80.2 78.5 80.1 83.4 87.2 88.6 89.3 88.7 88.6 87.4 26.2
59.0 61.6 58.8 56.0 49.7 51.4 55.2 57.9 61.9 62.3 62.6 00.9 61.0 61.5
42.3 41.7 43.7 43.6 44.1 44.6 44.6 44.4 44.4 41.4 38.3 37.9 40.1 43.0
72.1 73.8 73 ?, 72.8 72,3 7'?, 4 71 5 69.5 68.3 67.8 67.0 66.4 66.1 65.9
75.1 74.8 75.0 74.8 74.9 74.8 74.9 74.7 74.4 74.3 74.1 73.3 73.4 74.1
92.3 91.8 91.7 92.2 92.3 92.7 92.5 92.5 91.9 91.4 90.0 89.6 89.6 90.3
70.3 71.1 70.6 70.4 70.1 69.5 69.3 69.9 69.5 69.4 69.2 69.3 69.5 69 1
88.8 88.5 87.3 87.2 86.8 87.6 88.5 89.1 89.8 90.0 88.3 87.9 87.4 87.3
85.2 88.2 83.8 83.6 81 1 80 0 84 7 85.9 86.9 98.1 82.2 81.5 83.8 85.5
98.0 101.0 92.4 91.9 87 9 86 4 97 0 99 4 104.5 144.1 90.7 88.8 93.2 96.9
81.8 84.9
92.7 93.5
95.7 95.4
104.3 111.8

81.5
93.7
96.2
109.9

81.4 79.3 78.3 81.5 82.3
92.2 90.7 90.4 91.8 92.9
96.6 97 8 97 fi 96.5 94.4
110.8 108.6 105.0 107.8 106.8

86.0
92.0
93.4
97.9

80.0
91.8
93.3
94.2

79.6
92.6
92.8
92.1

81.3 82.5
92.7 93.2
92.9 93.5
95.4 102.2

Pay rolls

Manufacturing
All industries
Durable goods 3._ 4
Nondurable goods

82.3
92.5
93.7
102.5

77.5 74.6 72.9 70.8 70.6 76.9 81.0 83.8 84.1 86.5 83.4 85.4 86.9 84.9
68.2 65.6 64.2 61.7 58.6 63.7 68.7 75.2 78.3 80.4 76.6 78.4 80.1 80.2
88.0 84.7 82.6 80.9 84.1 91.7 94.9 93.4 90.6 93.4 91.0 93.1 94.6 90.2

Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining
Bituminous-coal mining...
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining _ ._
Crude-petroleum producing
Telephone and telegraph...
Electric light and power,
and manufactured gas...
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
General merchandising
Other than general
merchandising
Year-round hotels
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning
_.

38.2 39.0 38.3 49.7 20.2 20.0 29.4 43.4 36.2 42.5 38.0 45.2 34.2 45.3
67.9 56.3 55.3 57.0 56.8 64.2 71.9 78.3 81.4 80.9 78.2 81.2 77.8 17.9
50.4 53.3 51.2 46.1 38.0 43.7 46.1 49.2 52.3 54.1 55.3 53.4 53.6 52.6
35.1 33 9 38 3 37 3 37.0 39.2 38.4 39 ?, 37 ? 33 7 30 ? ?9 7 33 1 35.9
66.5 68.0 66.7 67.6 66 7 66.8 66.5 63 7 63 3 62.5 60.9 62.7 61.3 60.8
92.1 91.6 91.3 90.9 90.9 91.3 92.6 95.3 93.0 92.5 92.0 91.7 91.9 92.1
98.5 97.6 97.4 98.6 98.3 98.9 98.4 99.9 98.6 98.2 95.9 96.4 96.8 97.0
09,7 70 0 71.9 69.7 69.0 69.5 68.4 68.9 68.8 69.7 71.1 69.9 70.5 69. ft
74.7 74.6 75.1 73.8 73 6 73 7 74 3 75.1 75 4 75.7 75.5 74 6 74.7 74.8
70.4 72.2 70.0 69.5 68.1 66.8 69.4 70 8 71 5 79 ? 69 7 68.4 69.6 71 3
87.8 89.4 84.4 84.3 80.4 78.8 85.3 88.3 91.8 122.9 84.0 81.0 83.4 86. ft
66.8
80.3
80.6
75.3

68.6
80.5
80.6
87.2

67.0
80.5
80.9
80.7

66.4
79.6
81.8
83.3

65.6
77.4
83.0
77.5

64.3
77.4
83.1
74.3

66.1
78.9
81.4
81.7

67.2
80.8
79.5
78.0

67.3
81.3
79.3
73.9

70.1
81.1
80.0
68.3

66.7
80.2
79.6
65.8

65. 8
82.8
78.6
63.2

66.8
81.1
79.3
67.7

68.1
81.9
79.9
73.3

i 3-year average, 1923-25=100—adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Comparable indexes for earlier
months are in August 1938 issue of pamphlet and November 1938 issue of Monthly Labor Review.
212-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of
Employment and Pay Rolls, or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of Monthly Labor Review, except
for anthracite and bituminous-coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning. Indexes
for these industries from January 1929 forward have been adjusted to the 1935 census and are presented in
the January 1938 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls.
• Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, railroad repair shops, nonferrous metals,
lumber
and allied products, and stone, clay, and glass products.
4
Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.




19
TREND OF INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT, BY STATES

A comparison of employment and pay rolls, by States and geographic divisions, in March and April 1939 is shown in table 6 for all
groups combined and for all manufacturing industries combined
based on data supplied by reporting establishments. The percentage
changes shown, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted—that is, the
industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total
have not been weighted according to their relative importance.
The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include figures
for miscellaneous manufacturing industries (in addition to the 87
manufacturing industries) presented in table 3. The totals for all
groups combined include all manufacturing industries, each of the
nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3 (except building
€onstruction), and seasonal hotels.
Similar comparisons showing only percentage changes are available
in mimeographed form for "All groups combined," for "All manufacturing/ 7 for anthracite mining, bituminous-coal mining, metalliferous
mining, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, crude-petroleum producing, public utilities, wholesale trade, retail trade, hotels, laundries,
dyeing and cleaning, and brokerage and insurance.
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
March and April 1939, by Geographic Divisions and by States
(Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by
cooperating State organizations]
Manufacturing

Total—all groups
Geographic division and State

PerPerPerPercent- Amount
Num- Numcent- Num- Numcent- Amount
centof
of
age
ber of ber on
age
ber
of
ber
on
age
age
pay roll change estab- pay roll change pay roll change
estab- pay roll change (1
week) from lish(1 week) from
lishApril
from
April
from
ments
1939 March April
March ments
1939 March April
March
1939
1939
1939
1939
1939
1939

12,793
New England
820
Maine.
652
New Hampshire.
476
Vermont
Massachusetts- 17,781
Rhode Island. _ 1,197
Connecticut
1,867

854,627
53,167
40,767
16,499
456,121

93,195
194,878

Dollars
- 1 . 7 19, 530, 777
~ 1,050,250
-i 9 819,136
357,393
-2.2

-I'.O

9 10,K <670,714
V, 937,448
4,

31,726 2,003,602
Middle Atlantic
New York
20,093 927,354
New Jersey
3,961 355,164
Pennsylvania. . 7,672 721,084

-.7
2.6 52, 513,161
- . 2 25,516,622
9 9,155,636
--6.
6 . 6 17,',840,903

East'North Central- 24, 821 2,066,221
Ohio
520,599
Indiana
256,130
Illinois
* 6,913 591,029
Michigan
3,639 467,012
Wisconsin
s 4,387
231,451

- . 8 55,531,022
- 2 . 1 13, 655, 301
+•1 6,486,121
-.5 1,'o, 498,002
8 14,021,914
5,

See footnotes at end of table.




-2.8
—.4
-4.6
-.4
-2.7
-3.7
-3.0

3,572 584, 570
276 43,557
213 33,944
149 10,108
1,776 261,168
435
74,113
724 161,680

Dollars
- 2 . 0 12,630,072
+.4 819,793
657,249
-4.6
207,897
-4.3
-2.2 5,715,706
- 3 . 5 1,460,221
3,769,206

-4.0
-1.2
-6.3
-2.8
-3.7

- 3 . 9 6, §05 L,
1, 191,868 -.630,100,815
- 2 . 0 % 2,616 433,564 -.9 11,640,824
- 2 . 3 1, 625 280,887
- . 6 7,082,277
- 7 . 2 2,265 477,417 3 - . 5 11,377,714

-3.7
-3.7
-3.0

-1.5
-4.5
-1.0
-1.8

-1.4
-3.8

8,455 1, 553,375 - . 6 42,587,316
2,392 394, 524 —. 6 10, 509,074
1,084 203,824 *-. 1 5,298,964
2,451 388,401
-.2 10,188,641
l,049 408,467 -1. 6 12,\i545,263
«17
158,159 '+.2 4,045,374

-1.7
+1.1

20
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
Maoch and April 1939, by Geographic Divisions and by States—Continued
[Figures in italics arc not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued bycooperating State organizations]
Total—all groups
Geographic division and State

PerPerPerPerNum- cent- Amount
cent- Num- Num- cent- Amount
centof
of
ber on
age
age
ber
on
ber
of
age
age
p
a
y
roll
p
a
y
roll
estab- pay roll change
pay roll change (1 week) change
week) change estabApril
lishfrom (1April
April
from
lishfrom
from
April
1939 March
ments
March ments
1939 March
March
1939
1939
1939
1939
1939
1939
Number of

West North Central. 11,973
*2,812\
Minnesota
l,870|
Iowa
2,707
Missouri
553
North Dakota471
South D a k o t a . .
1,006
Nebraska.
9 2, 5-54
Kansas
South Atlantic
10,774
238
Delaware..
1,618
Maryland
D i s t r i c t of
1,041
Columbia
1,953
Virginia..
West Virginia.. 1,114
1,592
N o r t h Carolina
South Carolina.
781
Georgia
1,419
Florida
1,018

807,321
14. 848
135,595

- 6 . 2 14, 891, 742
+2.0 345, 754
+1.0 3, 224, 730

40,020 +2.0
105, 512 - 3 . 5
76, 8(T - 4 0 . 2
182, 324
+.3
86, 564 -C)
118,655
+.1
47,006 - 2 . 4

+0.2
+.9
+.7
-1.1
+1.3
+1.8
+.6
»+/.*

2,519 213,995
654 49,351
377 35,898
805 93,513
443
29
2, 514
34
8,323
136
23, 953

-9.4
+1.7
7

600, 388
11,078
94,222
3.409
78,825
49, 586
168,032
78,512
94,066
22, 658

+( )

1,075,062 +2.9
1,909, 518 - 4 . 8
1, 787,969 - 4 3 . 2
2, 659,091 - 2 . 5
1, 215, 809 - 1 . 8
+.1
1, 857, 771
816,038 - 3 . 5

2, S.',8

3,951

113,987

589
452
317
1,164
273
432
550
174

38,019
6,002
14,786
20,190
2,401

10, 752
2,708
1,330
"6,714

468,417
85, 687
45. 953
331,777

4,379
1,288
1,232
1,300
490

West South Central.
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas

5,666
11 971
1,001
1,346

Pacific
Washington
Oregon
California

Dollars
440,693 +1.0 10,698, 387
128,606
61,732 +2.1 \\ 475^799
157, 279
- . 4 j 3,652,104
4,607
0 I 111, 967
8, 226 +4,0j
208,844
25,110
+. 6
573, 353
65,133 °+2.5 1,251.461

265,474
- 8 . 7 4, 684, 763 - 1 2 . 2
61.500 - 2 2 . 4 1,192.007 - 2 7 . 3
9U, 736
- . 4 1,735,659 - 1 . 2
87, 6fi3 - 7 . 4 1,494,977 - 1 1 . 0
17,575
262,120
+.1
214,092
+.8 4,737,318 +( 7 )
-1.9
27,431
449,280
-3.6
52,902 +2.2 1,039,869 +1.4
39, 486
+.5 974,711 + O
94,273
+1.1 2, 273,458

East South Central..
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi

Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
N e w Mexico
Arizona
__
Utah..
Nevada

Manufacturing

15,176
9,471
7 942

88
655
41
444
218
674
245
391
185

183,613
33,715
1 6, 11 /

291
86

64,399
11, 782

1,257
U9
229
141
628

104, 850
17,225
29,151
11,350
47,124

-3.6

551
75
61
38
190
29
38
106
14

31, 386
4,049
2,603
5,277
13, 676
633
2, 690
6,192
266

+3. 2 13,t, 135, 735 +1.5
+1.9 2,345,162 +2.8
+2.3 1,234,788 +3.7
+5.7 9,555,785 +9

2,652
543
299
1,810

235,128
47, 240
26,133
161,755

+1.0
+2.1
+3.4
+.2

2, 848, 818
408, 744
233, 216
205,857
941, 342
-1.2
+1.7 123, 812
+2.2 396,165
+3.3 469,074
70, —
-3.4

-.7
+2.9
+4.1
-8.4
-3.0
-5.0

+2.5
+1.6

+0.7

+.*

+2.6
-.4
+4.0
+2.4
+1.1
+2.7

Dollars
5,145,424
1, 291,476
895,187
2,083,873
11,520
59, 466
207,476
596,426

+()

+0.9
+1.5
-1.6
+1.5
+4.0
+.8

10,356,975

-1.4

118,015
1, 381, 579
1,2no, 575
2, 407,043
1,069,068
1, 342, 591
347,051

+3.1

+1.7
263, 537 \ +1. 8
3-.ff
3+1.0 2,227,516

+1.0
+.6
-1.0
+.1
-.2
-.1
+3.5
-.5
-.9

3,146, 220

-1.0
-3.8
-2.9
-2.3
-.4

+1.9
-1.6

l^i^o
1,023,953
164,612

-1.4
-.3
-3.3
-1.1

+1.7 2,211,632
+.7 263,471
+3.2 528, 512
+1.6 267, 671
+1.1 /, 151,978

-4.4
+2.3
+2.5
-.3

+.8

-1.6
-1.7

+5.2
+4.1
+14.4
+6.3
+2.8
+3.4
+7.2
+7.2
-2.9
+5.9
+2.6
+3.2

+7.4

HOfl, 3 9 5

+.1

+4.7

104,534 +3.9
63, 402 +25. 6
41, 640 +4.5
365, 640 +1.9
11,977 +4.9
62, 681 +7.8
143,413 +4.0
7,082
6,435,727
1, 277, 592
686,207
4,471,928

+3.4
+3.9
+4.9
+5.0

I Includes banks and trust companies; construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment;
amusement
and recreation; professional services; and trucking and handling.
3
Includes laundering and cleaning; and water, light, and power.
3
Weighted
percentage change.
4
Includes automobile and miscellaneous services; restaurants; and building and contracting.
s
Includes
construction
but not public works.
6
Does not include logging.
7
Less
than
Ho
of
1
percent.
8
Includes banks; real estate; pipe-line transportation; motor transportation (other then operation and
maintenance); water transportation; hospitals and clinics; and personal, business, mechanical repair, and
miscellaneous
services.
9
Includes financial institutions, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
10
Weighted percentage change, including hired farm labor.
II
Includes automobile dealers and garages; and sand, gravel, and building stone.
12
Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.




21
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL
METROPOLITAN AREAS

A comparison of employment and pay rolls in March and April
1939 is made in table 7 for 13 metropolitan areas which had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas, but having
a population of 100,000 or over, are not included. Footnotes to the
table indicate which cities are excluded. Data concerning them are
presented in a supplementary tabulation which is available on
request. The figures represent reports from cooperating establishments and cover both full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3, with the
exception of building construction, and include also miscellaneous
industries.
Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly
because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the
supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary
tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more,
according to the 1930 Census of Population.
TABLE 7.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
March and April 1939, by Principal Metropolitan Areas

Metropolitan area

New York i . . .
•Chicago 2
Philadelphia 3 .
Detroit
Los Angeles 4__
Cleveland __
•St. Louis
Baltimore. _
Boston
Pittsburgh.
San Francisco 5_.
Buffalo..
Milwaukee
1
2
3
4
5

Number
Number Percentage
of estabpay roll, change
lishments, on April
from
April
March

Amount of
pav roll
(1 week)
April

14,511
4, 532
2,087
1, 565
3,004

630,198
419,699
200,874
300,916
154,584

-0.9
-.4

-1.0
+1.6

$17,086,497
11,631,208
5,261,252
9, 706, 493
4, 474, 484

1,006
1,430
1,170
2,9(54
1,082

116,217
117,283
102, 279
178,490
153, 237

+.4
-. 1
+1.6
-.6
-4.6

3,145,658
2,832, 573
2,478,315
4,488,173
4, 140, 336

1,639
805
1,011

82, 832
65, 673
99, 087

-.2

+1.1
-.5

2, 491, 095
1, 735, 466
2,725,021

+.1

Docs not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., nor Yonkers, N. Y.
Does not include Gary, Ind.
Does not include Camden, N". J.
Does not include Long Beach, Calif.
Does not include Oakland, Calif.




Percentage
change
from
March

-3.1

+2.6
-.1
-2.5
-1.2

+.8

-2.5
-6.2
-.3

+2.3
-1.3

Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service
of the Federal Government in March and April 1939 are given in
table 8.
TABLE 8.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the United States
Government, April and March 1939 *
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Class
April
Entire service: •
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
Inside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
E mergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
Outside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)

Percentage
March a change

Pay rolls

Teroentage
change

April

March »

+0.7
+1.1

$133,467,310

$134, 622,972

-O.f!

-3.5

115,200, 536
8,812,866

116, 280, 247
8, 539,927

-.9
+3.2

885,262

879,504

739,957
68,459

732,061
70,942

76,846

76,501

+.5

9,453,908

9,802,798

-3.6

121,993

120,873

+.9

21, 458, 816

21, 711,834

-1.2

106,446
9,966

105,834
9,822

+.6

19, 265,063
1, 537,255

-1.0

+1.5

19,066,196
1, 547,738

5,581

5,217

+7.0

844,882

909,516

-7.1

+.7

763,269

758,631

+.6

112,008,494

112,911,138

-.8

633,511
58,493

626, 227
61,120

+1.2
-4.3

96,134,340
7, 265,128

97,015,184
7,002,672

+3.7

71,265

71, 284

(3)

8,609,026

8,893,282

-3.2

-.9

1 Data include number of employees receiving pay during the last pay period of the month.
2
Revised.
« Less than Mo of 1 percent.

CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
ADMINISTRATION

Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during April on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 9, by type of project.




23
TABLE 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, April 1939 !
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum
number
employed 2

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours Average
earnings
worked
per hour
during
month

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds
All projects
Building construction
Naval vesselsi
Public roads
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control..
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

»2,229

392
326

1,967
33
69
1,025
345
219
270

$141,965
2,283
10,016
59,365
49,072 I
ll,f>24 '
9,212
493

262, 306

$0.541

$194,018

2,332
10,414
141,345
56, 633
20, 558
30,348
676

.979
.962
.420
.866
.561
.304
.729

2,895
88,645
55,000
4,321
26,802
16,172
183

Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds
All projects
Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
_
Building construction
Electrification
Reclamation
_
River, harbor, and flood control __
Ship construction
_
_.
Streets and roads
Water and sewerageMiscellaneous
_.
Professional, technical, and clerical

37, 330

32, 574 $3,988,570
32,574

4,327,512

$0,922

$4,976,580

349
23,317
587
8,902
657
1,295
200
296
772

334
19,833
565
8,281
566
1,062
193
266
674

40,049
2,150,460
51, 681
1,370,868
83,412
81,139
17,688
22,138
55,884

67,281
2,331,082
74,063
1, 378,454
88, 552
100,899
21, 534
26,162
82, 707

.595
.923
.698
.994
.942
.804
.821
.846
.676

112,119
3,748,646
65, 673
676, 520
75,346
66,445
35,674
72,614
115,349

955

800

115, 251

156, 778

.735

8,191

Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery
Act funds

All projects*
Building construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage. _
Miscellaneous

5,104

3,161
545
588
810

4,409
2,942
453
444
570

$808,193

477,906

703,356
12,921
53,952
37,964

350,899
22, 213
38, 924
65,870

$1. 691
2.004
.582
1.386
.570

$595,492
191.030
U. 143

248.030
112,289

Pr<ojects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935,

1936, and 1937 funds »

All projects
Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage..
Miscellaneous

22,497

19,041

12,119
856
3,624
1,025
554
4,305
14

10,113
734
3,059
865
486
3,776

$2,031,383
1,039, 658
63, 511
365,499
87, 580
41,821
433,052
262

2,289,984
1,095, 393
89,773
437,049
121,939
66, 271
479,078
481

$0.887
.949
.707
.836
.718
.631
.904
.545

$3.543,745
1, 677, 798
147, 376
1, 024,427
89,801
52,790
475, 951
75, 602

Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds

All projects
Building construction
Electrification.
Heavy engineering
_
Reclamation
_
River, harbor, and flood c o n t r o l Streets and roads
Water and sewerage _ _
Miscellaneous

181, 704
119,674
1,621
6,024
716
525
21,649
30,533
962

148,121 $13,171,085
97,933 8,590,200
104, 741
1,308
714,781
5,049
45,664
512
46, 734
456
16,829 1,342,422
2,236,848
25,151
883

15,803, 297

$0.833

$25, 208,909

9, 728,425
141,974
663, 782
71,369
58,502
1,929, 379
3, 093,842
116, 024

.883
.738
1.077
.640
.799
.696
.723
.773

16,178,794
409,850
1,759,330
34,452
110,981
2, 273,174
3,683,269
759,059

i Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
> Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 Includes weekly average for public roads.
* Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
* Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.
e Includes data for workers engaged in construction of underground tunnel who, because of the additional
risk involved, were paid at rates higher than those usually paid for building construction.
» These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed by The Works Program.




24

Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935 and title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of
1936. The first Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, reappropriated unobligated funds originally made available under the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935 and authorized the use of $300,000,000
from funds on hand or received from the sale of securities. The
Public Works Administration was continued until July 1, 1939, by
the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, and the Public
Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 further continued
the program to June 30, 1941.
Federal construction projects for which data are included in table
9 are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the National Industrial Recovery
Act. The major portion of the low-cost housing program of the
Public Works Administration, however, wa .s financed by funds provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Federal construction projects are also financed by allotments from funds
provided under the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act
of 1938. The work is performed either by commercial firms which
have been awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the
Federal agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public
Works Administration from funds available under either the National
Industrial Recovery Act, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of
1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, the Public
Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the Public Works
Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. Most of the allotments
have been made to the States and their political subdivisions, but
occasionally allotments have been made to commercial firms. In
financing projects for the States or their political subdivisions from
funds appropriated under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the
Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of not more than
30 percent of the total labor and material cost. When funds provided
under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the First
Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 are used to finance a non-Federal project, as
much as 45 percent of the total cost may be furnished in the form of a




25
grant. The remaining 55 percent or more of the cost is financed by
the recipient. When circumstances justify such action, the Public
Works Administration may provide the grantee with the additional
funds by means of a loan. Allotments to commercial enterprises are
made only as loans. All loans made by the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date of maturity.
Collateral posted with the Public Works Administration to secure
loans may be offered for sale to the public. In this way a revolving
fund is provided which enlarges the scope of the activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the form
of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotives and passenger- and freight-car building in commercial shops.
UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY

The United States Housing Authority was created by Public, No.
412, Seventy-fifth Congress, approved September 1, 1937, as a corporate body of the Department of the Interior for the purpose of
assisting the States and their political subdivisions in remedying the
unsafe and insanitary housing conditions and the acute shortage of
decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for families of low income, and
in alleviating present and recurring unemployment.
Executive Order No. 7732, dated October 27, 1937, transferred to
the Authority all the housing and slum-clearance projects of the Federal
Emergency Administration of Public Works and all assets, contracts,
records, applications, libraries, research materials, and other property
held in connection with such projects or with the housing or slumclearance activities of the Public Works Administration, together
with the unexpended balance of funds allocated to the Public Works
Administration for the construction of any housing or slum-clearance
projects. This Executive order was modified by Executive Order No.
7839, dated March 12, 1938, under which the two Puerto Rico projects
were transferred to the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration.
Table 10 shows emplojanent and pay rolls for April 1939 on projects
of the United States Housing Authority. These figures pertain only
to new projects under the United States Housing Authority and not
to those formerly under the Public Works Administration.




26
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Cost Housing Projects Operated by the
United States Housing Authority, April 1939
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Geographic division

Maximum
number
employed»

Six divisions
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic
East South Central.
West South Central

„

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed

5,681

4,930

$689,141

593,246

$1.162

$1,060.055

3,815
421
51
617
538
239

3,489
277
43
542
381
198

572,496
25,149
3,579
48,609
24,566
14,742

427, 555
28,462
6,803
70,815
38,382
21,229

1.339
.884
.526
.686
.640
.694

779,866
29,456
0
183,020
50,942
16,771

i Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month.

THE WORKS PROGRAM

By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,
approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive orders,
inaugurated a broad program of work to be carried out by 61 units
of the Federal Government. The Works Program was continued by
title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, and was further continued by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1937. The
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1938 extended this program
to June 30, 1939. Employment created by this program includes
employment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are
those conducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments
from The Works Program fund. Projects operated by the Works
Progress Administration are those projects conducted under the
supervision of the Works Progress Administration with the cooperation of States, cities, or counties.
A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed by The Works Program in April is shown in table 11,
by type of project.




27
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program,
April 1939 »
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum Weekly
number
employed average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

of
Number of Aver- Value
material
man-hours
age
orders
worked
earnplaced
during
ings per during
month
hour
month

Federal projects
All projects.,
Building construction
Electrification
Forestry 3
Grade-crossing elimination 4
Hydroelectric power plants *
Plant, 3 crop, and livestock conserva'• tion
Professional, 4technical, and clerical..
Public roads
Reclamation
_
_
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

1

119,692

109,887

$5,658,478

12,606,713

42,288
280
11,613
1,004
1,650

38,947
246
9,953
825
1,565

2,207,065
16,218
435,474
53,266
52.562

4,239,472
40,024
1,055,010
98,815
230, 013

.521
.405
.413
. 539
.228

450,716
0
54,406
60, 539
53,840

12, 304
5,542
1,025
28,153
1,401
2,229
653
11, 550

11,402
5,368
881
26,848
1,182
2,013
458
10,199

640,447
396,480
57,903
1,319,995
75,865
77,188
16,663

1,480,177
543,973
100,044
3,220, 581
132,652
153,063
49,104
1,263,185

.433
.729
.579
.410
.572
.504
.339
.245

68,860
17,640

$0,449

$1,091,143

200,047
34,750
29,829
1,547
53,986

P. W. A. projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act funds of 1935, 1936, and 1937 «
All projects.

22,497

19,041

$2,031,383

2, 289, 984

$0. 887

$3, 543,745

Building construction
Electrification
_
Heavy engineering
Reclamation.
_
River, harbor, and flood control..
Streets and roads._
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

12,119
856
3,624
1,025

10,113
734
3,059
865

1,039,658
63,511
365, 499
87, 580

1,095,393
89, 773
437,049
121,939

.949
.707
.718

1,677, 798
147,376
1,024,427
89,801

554
4,305
14

486
3,776

41,821
433,052

66,271
479,078
481

.631
.904
.545

52,790
475,951
75,602

Projects operated by Works Progress Administration

All projects

2,629,206

$146,388,042 292,212,375

:

$0,501

1

Unless otherwise noted data are for the month ending on the 15th.
*Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
The data for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, under plant, crop, and livestock conservation, and the Bureau of Forest Service, under forestry, are for the calendar month.
* These data are for projects under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
'These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico.
« These data are included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Works
Administration.
' Data are for the calendar month. Not available by type of project.
' Represents number of names on pay roll for week ending April 29,1939.
0
Data on a monthly basis are not available.

Table 12 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked for
the first quarter of 1939 on projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration, by type of project.




28
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated by the Works Progress
Administration by Type of Project for the First Quarter of 1939
[Subject to revision]
of
Pay-roll dis- Number
bursements man-hours
worked

Number
employed l

Type of project

All projects

2,915, 509

$464,175, 854

Conservation
Highway, road, and street
Professional, technical,
and clerical..
Public buildings 2
Publicly owned or operated utilities.
Recreational facilities 3
Sanitation and health
Sewing, canning, and gardening, etc.
Transportation
Not elsewhere classified.
_.

141,764
1, 288, 795
345, 779
238,188
293, 834
203, 705
70,031
233, 289
47,901
52, 223

20, 582,930
184, 205, 493
68,194,942
44, 328. 786
47, 443, 430
36, 236,071

9,630,315
33, 365, 852
9,902, 897
10, 285,138

929, 756, 939

40, 470, 600
411,538,143
119,059.223
70, 838, 326
85,992, 530
62,173, 726
24,157, 423
83,001, 842
13, 592, 238
18, 932, 888

Average
earnings
per hour
$0. 499
.509
.448
.573
.626
.552
.583
.399
.402
.729
.543

1

Data are for the week ending March 25, 1939.
» Separate data for housing projects are not available.
3 Exclusive of buildings.

Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on work projects
of the National Youth Administration from the beginning of the
program in January 1936 to April 1939, inclusive, are shown in table
13. Similar data for Student Aid are shown from September 1935,
the starting date, to March 1939, inclusive.
TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects
Financed by The Works Program, From the Beginning of Program Through April
1939 1
[Subject to revision]

Year and month

Number
of persons employed

Number of
man-hours
worked

Pay-roll
disbursements

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed

Work projects
January 1936 to April 1939, inclusive..
January to December 1936..
January to December 1937..
January to December 1938..
January 1939
February 1939
_
March 1939..
April 1939

$120,678,597

237, 468
241,623
234,918
227,113

28,883,589
32, 663, 342
41, 558,174
4,346,711
4,456, 772
4, 437, 479
4,332, 530

332,052,810
75, 827, 799
87, 242,108
117,910,943
12,637,013
13,061,419
12,918,481
12,455,047

$0,363 «$13,860,237
.381
.374
. 352
.344
. 341
.343
.348

Student Aid
September 1935 to March 1939, inclusive..
September to December 1935.
January to December 1936
January to December 1937..
January to December 1938
January 1939
February 1939
M a r c h 1939
1

370,183
376, 209
378, 692

$83, 448,154

282,909, 899

6,363,503
25, 914, 836
24,368, 503
19,681,126
2, 252, 756
2, 424, 409
2, 443,022

19,612,976
85, 517, 290
83, 874,409
68, 750,836
7, 952,452
8, 577, 299
8, 624, 637

$0.295
.324
.303
.291
.286
.283
.283
.283

Data are for a calendar month.
2 Data on a monthly basis are not available. This total represents expenditures through Dec. 31, 1938,
and includes rentals and services and some sponsors' contributions.
3 No expendituies for materials on this type of project.




29
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

The Civilian Conservation Corps was created by an act of Congress
approved June 28, 1937, and succeeded the Emergency Conservation
Work which had been set up in April 1933.
Employment and pay-roll data for the Civilian Conservation Corps
are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce,
and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled
personnel is $30 per month. Assistant leaders, not to exceed 10 percent
of the total number of enrollees, may receive up to $36 per month, and
leaders, not to exceed 6 percent, may receive up to $45 per month.
Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
March and April 1939 are presented in table 14.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, March and
April 1939 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees

Amount of pay rolls

Group
April
All groups

_

Enrolled personnel J
Reserve officers.
_
Nurses 3
Educational advisers 3
Supervisory and technical 3

March

April

March

314,343

314,990

$14,169,329

$14,205,352

277,429
5,006
308
1,592
30, 008

278, 426
4,961
303
1, 597
29, 703

8, 672, 278
1, 273, 798
32, 541
267,070
3,923, 642

8,701,281
1, 298, 893
32 135
268, 505
3,904, 538

iData on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amount of pay rolls are for
the entire month.
2 April data include 3,828 enrollocs and pay roll of $86,438 outside continental United States; in March
the corresponding figures were 3,962 enrollees and pay roll of $95,307.
1
Included in executive service, table 8.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE
CORPORATION

Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in April are presented in table 15, by type of project.
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, April 1939 1
[Subject to revision]

Type of project

Maximum
number
of wage
earners 2

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours
worked during month

All projects

2, 255

$252, 382

311,958

Building construction 3.
Water and sewerage

1, 457
798

108,268
141,114

153,693
158, 265

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed during month
2,153, 700

.704
.911

2,017,598
136,102

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
3
Includes 682 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $58,225; 85,415 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed of $709,014 on projects financed by the R F C Mortgage Co.




30
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR
APPROPRIATIONS

FEDERAL

When a construction contract is awarded or force-account work is
started by a department or agency of the Federal Government, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on forms supplied
by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the amount
of the contract, and the type of work to be performed. Blanks are
then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Government agency
doing the work. These reports are returned to the Bureau and show
the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts disbursed for pay, the
number of man-hours worked on the project, and the value of the
different types of materials for which orders were placed during the
month.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations
during April are given in table 16, by type of project.
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, April 1939 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of wage
earners
Type of project

All projects
Building construction
Electrification:
Rural Electrification Administration projects *
Other than R. E. A. projects.
Forestry
Heavy engineering
Public roads «
_
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments,
etc
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
Other than naval vessels
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

Maximum * Weekly
number
employed average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

178, 501 $19,150,441

Number of
man-hours Average
earnings
worked
per hour
during
month

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

25,740,703

$0,744

$32,563,433

15,155

12,429

1,364,147

1,439,408

.948

2,167, 738

9,398
162
37
296
(•)
12,081

7,769
96
37
270
52, 770
11,616

494,041
6,818
1,907
39, 306
3, 905, 692
1,597,441

1,020,435
8,465
3,922
32, 596
6, 790, 538
1,897, 509

.484
.805
.486
1.206
.575
.842

2, 759, 344
30,025
1,267
91, 275
6, 509, 486
941, 892

24, 461
8,452

21,653

2, 358, 925
1,002, 906

3,607,227
1,320,099

. 654
.760

2, 248,874
1,171,468

51, 395
12, 716
2,412
244
1,002

50,173
10,911
2,272
214

6,910,009
1, 229, 387
158,632
14, 669
66, 501

7,751,007
1, 465, 271
290,013
22, 426
91, 787

.839
.547
.654
.725

«190,581

7,388

903 I

12,296,
3,901,
328,
39,
75,

203
972
210
795
884

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government
agency doing force-account work.
s Includes weekly average for public-road project".
* Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
« Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
6
Not available, weekly average included in the total for all projects.




31
STATE-ROADS PROJECTS

A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or local,
funds in April 1939, compared with March 1939, and April 1938, is
presented in table 17.
TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance
Roads, April 1939, March 1939, and April 1938 *

of State

[Subject to revision]
Number of employees 2
Item

Pay-roll disbursements

April
1939

March
1939

April
193S

April 1939 March 1939 April 1938

Total

122,006

121, 596

145,973

$9,166, 320

$8,768,040

$9,936,530

New roads
Maintenance

12,877
109,129

11,063
110,533

14,073
131,900

878,390
8,287,930

716,250
8,051,790

924,880
9,011,650

._

iJ Data are for the month ending on the 15th and are for projects financed wholly from State or local funds.
Average number working during month.




O